3Com 4715 schematic

·

3+0penTM

MS-DOSTM

User's Guide

Manager

3+0pen

MS-DOS Manager

User's

Guide

A member of For

use

with OS/2, version

version 3.1

or

the

3+

higher.

Open

family of products.

1.0

or

higher, and DOS,

Manual Part No. 4715-01 First published October, 1988 Reprinted

U.S.A.

January, 1989

~--

------

..

-~~-----.

--~~---.-

......

-.~---

Copyright Statement

No

part

of

this manual

make

any derivative work (such as translation, transformation permission from amended.

3Com

may

be

reproduced in any form

Corporation

by

the United States Copyright Act

or

by any means

or

adaptation) without

or

used to

of

1976, as

Changes are made periodically incorporated in

new

editions

to

the information herein; these changes will

of

this publication. Contents are property

of

be

3Com

expressed, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties

fitness for a particular purpose.

Corporation provides this guide without warranty

3Com

may make improvements

of

any kind, either implied

of

merchantability

or

changes in the

or

and product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this manual at any time. Portions

this manual are reproduced in whole

or

in part with permission from

of

Microsoft Corporation.

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Contents

1

Introduction

Meet

:MS-DOS

You

What About This

. Notational Conventions 2

2

The

MS-DOS :Manager

Learn

If

at

Your Own Pace 3

You

Are Already Familiar with Outline of the Tutorial 3 Starting the Tutorial the First Time 5 Referring Back to the Tutorial 5 Going

3

Getting

Setting

On 6

Started

Up Setup Steps for a Computer Setup Steps for a Computer Sta.rting

118-

If

~1anager

If

~1anager

About the

Overview

11enu

Disk

of the

Bar and Drop-Down

Drive Line Drive Specification List of Subdirectories and Files 12 Scroll Bar 12 Help 12

1

:Manager 1

Should Have Before You Begin 1

:Manual~

2

Tutorial

7

11S-DOS

11anager 7

Vvlth '\lth

DOS

11anager 9

is

on

Your Hard Disk 9

is

on

a Floppy Disk 9

11S-DOS

~1anager

115-

DOS

lvianager Screen 10

Options 10 1'1enus

11

3

~DOS

3

a Hard Drive 7 Floppy Drives Only 8

11

4 Files

and

Directories

13

Direct.ories as Organizat.ional Tools 13 J(.inds

of Directories 13

Directon° 14

Root Subdirectories' 14 Parent

Direct.ory 14

Current Direct.ofy 14

11ultilevel Directon:

Naming

Your Files··and Directories 15

SYstem

14

\Vildcard Characters 16 Pat-hnaroes 16

Full and

Relative Pat-hnames 17

Scrolling Through a List of Files and Direct/ories 18

I

iv

Contents

With the Keyboard 18

If

You

Have a Moving Around Changing Directories 19

Using the Keyboard or a Mouse 19

Going

On

Mouse

in

Your Directory System 19

21

18

5 Overview

The Menu Bar 23

The File Menu 23 The Options The Disk Menu 24 The Applications Menu

'V\7hi

ch

Before

Getting Help 25 Accelerator Keys 26 Dialog

6 Steps for Executing

How Just for Step One: Select a File or Directory

Keyboard Shortcut 30 If

Step

Keyboard Shortcut If

Step Three: Choose a Command or Application from the Drop-Do\\1l11enu 32

Key board

If

To After

Step Four: Complete the Dialog

110ving Between Fields 34 Ent.ering Information 34 To Execute a Dialog To

of

Using MS-DOS

:Menu

11en

u

to

Use

You

Begin Executing Commands 25

Boxes

to

Use

Practice 29

You

Have a

Two:

Select a 11enu

You

Have a

You

Have a

Cancel a Command

You

Cancel a Dialog

26

This Chapter 29

110use

Mouse

Shortcut 32

110use

've

~1a,de

Manager

23

24

Commands

31

32

33

29

30

33

Your Choice 33

Box

33

Box

36

Box

36

Commands

23

7

The

File Menu

Dialog Boxes 38

Entering a File or Directory

Run

Copy 40

39

How

1~DOS

To

Run a Program 40

To

Safeguard Against Over'writing

Verifying Contents of Original File and Copy

Selecting 11ultiple Files 41

37

in

a Dialog

Searches for Files 39

Box

by

11istake 41

38

41

Contents v I

Using Wildcards

41

Examples of Using the Copy Command 41 To

Copy a File or Directory 42

Get Info

Selecting To

Delete

To

43

~1ultiple

Files

43

Get Information About a File or Directory

43

Safeguard Against Deleting by

~1istake

Selecting Multiple Files 44

Using Wildcards

44

Examples of Using the Delete Command 44 To

Delete a File or Directory

Rename

46

Selecting Multiple Files Using

~iildcards

To

Rename a File or Directory

~10ve

46

Select.ing

~1ultiple

46

Files 47

45

46

Using \'\iildcards 47 Examples of Using To

~1ove

a File

~1ove

48

47

Loca.te 49

Specifying a Pathname 49 lJsing

\\~ldcards

50

Examples of Using Locate 50 To

Loca.t.e

Type

Selecting Using \\7ildcards The Type Dialog To

Type a File 53

l\1S-DOS

~1S-DOS

a File 50

51

~1ultiple

and Exit 53

53

Files

52

Box

51

52

Exit 54

43

44

8

The

Options

Saying Your Changes Split.

Screen

To

Split Your Screen 57

To

1·1ove

Between

To

Return the Screen

Visual Tree

To

Display the Visual Tree 58

To

Change Direct.ories from the Tree 58

To

l\1ove

To

Remoye the Visual Tree Display 60

Screen

Colors 60

Screen

58

Around \\'ithin the Visual Tree Screen 59

Colors Default Options

The Screen Colors Dialog

Menu

56

55

56

t.he

Two \Vindows 57 to

One \Vindow 57

61

Box

61

I

vi

Contents

About the Highlight Fields 62

If

You

Have a Monochrome Monitor 62

To Change Screen Colors 62

File

View

Options Display Formats 65 To

Set the File \liew Options 66

Delete Options 66

Confirming Deletions 66 Deleting Empty Directories 67 To

Set Delete Options 67

Copy Options 67

Confirming File Overwrites 68 Verifying a Copy Operation 68 To

Set

Copy

Other Options

Selecting Selecting To Set Other Options

Date/Time

To Set the Date and Time

Save Options 72

To

Modify Application List 72

Specifying Filename Extensions 72 The Application List Saying Your To

How Startup

Sa

ye

Options 72

Modify

71

the Application List 73

64

Options 68

69

the :Manager

Options

Order 73

Cha.nges

70

73

Uses

Memory 69

70

71

9

The

Disk

Menu

Create Directorv 82

Examples To Create a Directory 83

Change Directory 83

Examples To

Change the Directory 84

Disk Info 84

To Get

Format Data

To Format a

11ake System

To

l\1ake a SYstem

Copy

Disk

Copy

To

Set

Volume

Set the Volume Name

To

10

The

Applications l\1enu

To Run an Application from the 11enu 92 To

Run an Application from a File List 92

of

Disk

88 .

a Name 89

81

Using Create Directory 82

Using Change Directory 84

Information 85

Disk Disk

Disk

Data

85

Disk 85

86

Disk

88

87

8Q

91

11

Special Keys Reference

Function Keys 95 Other !(eys 96

Contents vii I

95

Appendix A

For Example

If

You

Have a Single

...

Copying a File 99

Appendix B Using Application

Before

Using

If

Adding You You

New Have a Hard Don't Have a Hard

Parameters 102

,"'hat

is

a Parameter? 102

\Vhat

is

a Switch? 102

Applications 101

Disk

Specifying Parameters '"lith

Printing a File 103

Appendix C Glossary

Error

109

Messages

Floppy

Programs

101

Disk

101

MS-DOS

105

Disk

Drive

with

MS-DOS

Manager 103

99

Manager

101

1 Introduction

If

you have even a little

know

that

you need some type of system,

help you

The

computer easily. This system communicat.e with your computer

your comput.er

a pplicat.ion programs. Now

computer. The

t.ell

your computer

..

~1S-DO.S®

i(s

opera.t£ng

to

communicate

eyen easier

}'1S-DOS operating system has a new look, a new

A1anager.

e>"'Perience

what

system helps you

is

t.o

use

t.he

1\15-

the

'VI~th

with computers, you probably

an

to

do.

to

software

and

enables different

each

other

DOS

operating

operat£ng

work 'with your

that

and

system"

allo'VI's

you

to

parts

with

your

system on your

to

of

Meet

A1S-DOS

operating and your comput.er. You because all the informat.ion front programs right from

What

Before you begin

•

• a personal computer

MS-DOS Manager

A1anager

system. \Vith the }'1anager, you

information boxes called

of you.

You

the

}'1S-

DOS

the

}'1S-DOS !\1anager

OOS operat.ing system

memory

is an enhancement

don't

A.nd:

you can ma,nage your files

'within the

Should Have Before

to

use }'1S-DOS manager; you should haye

}'1anager

that

to

the

can

d£alog

boxes

t.o

have

t.o

memorize

you need is right on

~1anager.

master tutorial

and

disk

runs version 3.0

has

at

least 256 kilobytes of

~llcrosoft~:

use menu screens

conununica te \\ith

any

the

and

You

or

la

1\1S-DOS

conunands

screen in

run application

Begin

ter

of

the

}'15-

It

is

also a

good

handy new

for

reference. Because

way of int.eracting

idea to have a copy of the MS-DOS User's

~DOS

'"~th

the

?\1anager

~DOS

is

really just. a

operating system,

Guide

t.he

basic concepts of the operating system also apply to the 11anager. The MS-DOS User's Guide explains these concepts

in

detail.

About This Manual

The

A1S-DOS

experienced computer users. The guide is designed Vlith

the enclosed Learning

introduces the

11S-DOS.

AJthough all users \\ill probably benefit from going through the tutorial; those familia.r menus may dual

menu

Notational Conventions

A1anager

User's

A1S-DOS

~1anager

·wa.nt

to

and explains some of the basics of using

\\~th

go

right

screens (Chapters

Guide

is for both beginning and

to

be

used

A1anager

tutorial disk,

which

using menu screens and drop-down

to

the chapters

7-10)

for the information they

on

using the indivi-

need.

This manual

uses

certain

different kinds of text:

Convention

Bold

type

Italics

S:\1:\LL

Monospace

CAPl

TALS

nota.t£onal

Used

Commands File and direct,ory names,

variable text

the user . Names of

Examples of command strings

that user

conventions to identify

for

that

is

entered

keys

might

be

entered

by

and.

by

the

2 The MS-DOS Manager Tutorial

The

best way

Learm'ng

icourses gives you a chance and then wa.y

to

get acquainted

In addition to explaining

11S-

DOS basics for inexperienced computer users.

to

learn

11S-

DOS :Manager is by going through

}'lS-DOS

that

to

Manager

you work through on your computer.

to

practice using

tutorial, a program of several min-

watch

the

~1S-DOS

it

yourself.

\\ith

11S-DOS 11anager.

the

11anager, the

The

the

The

tutorial

11anager screen work

tutorial

is a fun, easy

explains some

Pace

yourself

Learn at Your

You can learn

sessions

tice icourses in any order you want: then quit can refer back

The

tutorial

a computer before. Once you computer and

going through

If

You

If

you are already familiar

need

1.0

coyer all of

are new

Outline

The beginning of the

keyboard. skip this

about

at

your own pace. You can work through

to

is easy

start

the

Are Already Familiar with MS-DOS

to

you.

of

If

you are alrea.dy familiar with

lesson.

Own

~1S-DOS

the

tutorial

to

use, eyen for people who haye neyer used

the

tutorial

the

Pace

~1anager

whenever you want.

set

tutorial, all the instructions you need for

appear

\\ith

J\1S-DOS:

t.opics.

So;

the Tutorial

tutorial

includes a

up lvlS-DOS l\1anager on your

on your screen.

just

work t.hough the ones

and work through prac-

the

min-

at

any time. And you

you probably don:t

that

short

lesson on using the

the

keyboard, you can

I~

There are eight minicourses

Mnicourse

How

to

Use

This Course

\Vhat. You plish with Your Computer

Getting DOS 11anager

Storing Files

Running Applications

Can

Accom-

Started

Your \\lork

~~th

M-~

in

the 11S-DOS 11anager tutorial:

Description

Describes the structure tutorial and teaches you how move around in the tutorial.

Descri bes the role plays in managing your computer's operation.

Describes the 11anager how

to

ask for help. Teaches you how

and delete specify a disk between disks.

Teaches YOU how to application programs listed

_.c\.pplications

modify and add to your applications list.

parts

screen and teaches you

view

files,

files:

format a disk,

drive; and copy files

menu, and

of

the

to

that

M....~

DOS

of the 11S-DOS

use

menus, and

to

name, rename,

start

one of the

in

hm\;·

to

your

Entering DOS Comn1ands

Using

VI'ith

Using with a 110use

Standard

~1S-DOS

a Hard Disk

1-1S-DOS

11S-

11anager

~1anager

Explains the relationship between

11S-DOS 11anager and

and Manager when you some additional 11S-DOS commands.

Explains features of the

that disks.

Teaches you how J\1anager operations using a mouse

instead of the keyboard.

teaches

relat,e specifically

vou

how

want

to

~v1S-DOS,

to

exit.

the

to

use

l\1anager

t.o

hard

perform

The

MS-DOS Manager Tu/orial

51

Starting the Tutorial

Now

it's

time

to

start

the

it

as

explained here.

sons later, go

tutorial.

[!]

Using

the

of your Learning

(If you

User's

don't

Guide.)

to

11S-DOS

Then

the instructions for referring back

diskcopy

}'1S-DOS

know

hO\\1

the

tutorial.

if

you

want

command, make a backup copy Starting the tutorial

}'Iana.ger

to

use

First Time

Set

up

the

to

review any of

tutorial

this

command, see

tutorial

to

disk.

the

and

the

m Boot your computer from any bootable MS-DOS disk.

(For an explanation of

I1J

Insert the Learning

A.

El

At

the l\1S-DOS system

m Press

If

you have a referring tutorial

RETUH

..

~.

hard

t.o

the

tutorial

onto

your hard disk.

disk on your comput.er

boot£ng)

JdS-DOS

prompt

often,

it

see the

}'Ianager

for drive A, type

may

}'1S-DOS

tutorial

and

be a good idea

User's

disk into drive

learn.

think

you will be

to

start

the

les-

}'1S-DOS

Gu.ide.)

copy

the

Referring Back to

UJ

If

you are using

back

to

the tutorial; exit

cOD1ITIand (To learn how

11enu.';)

o

If

you have the tut,orial stored on your

st.ep

3.

Ot,herwise; insert

o

El

tutorial

At

Press

disk into driye

the 11S-DOS system prompt)

HETIJ&l\f.

~1..~DOS

in

the File 11enu.

to

use this conm1and; see

the

11anager when you

the

A.

Tutorial

11anager

Learm~ng

t~'pe

by

using the MS-DOS

Chapter

hard

_'IS-DOS

learn

want

t.o

refer

I;

"The File

disk; go on

Alanager

Referring back to the tutorial

to

Going

Now

1v1S-DOS

up begin using commands.

On

that

you've been through the tut.orial, the next st.ep

~1anager

on your computer,

Chapter

3 will get you

start

the

~nager,

started.

is

to set

and

3 Getting Started

This chapter

• explains

• presents an overview

how

to set up and

of

start

the

:tv1S-DOS

t.he

1v1anager

~1aDager

Setting Up MS-DOS Manager

If

you

are not farruliar with the

of

the terms

you.

See

• the

•

• external

• the

diskcopy,

files

and directories

DOS

Qutoel:ec.

used

the

_'IS-DOS

DOS

path and

in

the setup procedure

User:8

copy, and

con1IDands

how

bat

file

and

J\1S-DOS

Guide

for

path

commands

to modify it

how

to modify

operating system;

may

information about

Setup Steps for a Computer with

[!]

II)

o

a Hard Drive

}'1ake

a backup

diskcopy

Decide "'hethel' in

an existing direct.ory or creat.e a

(You

could put the

holds your

it manager.)

call Use

t.he

copy

from the

floppy

cop~'

command.

you

]\1.S-

DOS

command to

disk

of

your

want to put your

~'fanager

con1mands

copy

to the directory you\'e chosen.

~1.S-DOS

files

or create a

J\1anager disk using the

l\1S-DOS

new

in

the same directory

the

~1.S-

screen

be

unfamiliar to

it

:t\1anager

direct.ory

new

DOS

for

directory and

~1anager

some

files

them.

that

files

Setting manager

up

the

01v1ake

sure

that

the 11S-DOS

contains the names of

•

the

directory holding your 11S-DOS 11anager

• the directory holding these 11S-DOS ext.ernal commands:

path

in your autoexec.bat

files

file

Setting up manager

the

format.

diskcopy.com

command.

The

autoexec.

puter

executes every specifies a list of directories cannot your

11S-DOS 11anager commands even when they are not in your

current at talk

find a comma.nd in the current directory.

path

directory. You may find these concepts a little difficult

first: see the "IS-DOS

to

someone who

com

bat

file

contains a list of commands

t.ime

you boot up.

that.

as indicated, you enable your computer

User:s

is

familiar

Gu£de

\\ith

The

path command

1L~DOS

searches whenever

for more information. or

1~S-DOS.

that

By

setting up

to

execute

your

com-

'

Setup Steps for a Computer with

[1JBoot your computer with an

[EJ

Floppy Drives Only

a blank, unformat,ted disk

1tf.a.ke

a bootable syst.em disk

format

b:/s

l\L~DOS

in

the B drive.

by

disk

typing

in

the A drive and

it

[I]

Remove

that

GJ

Copy the 11S-DOS 11ana.ger files in drive B

copy

[I]

Remove the disk

11anager System Disk." '

the

lvlS-DOS disk from drive

contains your 11S-DOS 1\'1anager files.

by

typing the following a.t the

'*.'*

b:

in

drive

B.

and label

to

A.

and insert the disk

the

bootable system disk

A>

prompt:

it

"Bootable 11S-DOS

To

Start

After Booting

If

you \vise boot) your computer, type end of your

the

want

DOS }'1anager

autoexec.

Manager

bat

Automatically

to

begin each time you

m.anager

file.

Starting MS-DOS Manager

on a

start

separate

(or other-

line

at

the

Gelling Started

91

Once you've to

begin. Follmving

a

hard

If

Manager

IT1

Boot your computer.

If

~rou

}'1S-DOS }..1anager screen automatica.lly appears on your monitor.

o

If

the

DOS prompt.

[!] Press

If

Manager

IT1

Boot your computer.

o

If

you added

autoexec.

your computer. The

set

up

t.he

manager

are

directions for

disk and from a floppy disk.

is

on

Your Hard Disk

haye

A1anager

1v1anager

RETUR'\T.

is

bat

l\'lS-DOS

rnanager

file~

:\1anager screen appears.

at

screen does not

on

a Roppy Disk

on a separat.e line

the

}'1anager screen

If

not, type manager and press

on your computer, you're ready

the end of your

starting

appear,

appears

the

autoexec.

type

m.anager

at.

the

after

RETUPw~.

:Manager from

bat

file,

a.t

end of your

you

the

boot.

Starting Manager hard disk

Starting Manager floppy disk

the

from a

the

from a

About the MS-DOS Manager Options

As

you saw in the

options are available within the :Manager when you use the

Options menu. You

Learm'ng

can

AiS-DOS

Alanager

tut.orial, special

• add a second window

• change the colors

• change the way your files are listed on the screen

• tell DOS how

• modify how the copy and delete operations are performed

• set the

You can either

1\1a,nager

the ically, These

For more information about. the available options and how to set

them,

see

date

Chapter

to

and time on your computer

set

your options when you first

or use the options

are

known

8,

to

your screen

or

grey shades on your screen

store your Help files

that

DOS

a.s

default

"The Options 11enu

opt£ons,

."

start

"vorking with

~1anager

sets

aut·omat~

Overview of the MS-DOS Manager Screen

Although the tutorial explains the 11S-DOS l\1anager screen in detail, you're using the l\1anager. You can use this section of the guide for easy reference.

The l\·1S-DOS

you may have questions about the screen lat.er on

l\1...~DOS

11anager screen displa.ys the most frequently used

commands and options:

'when

Disk drive line

renu

b~~.

'Disk::;; [ A:

":lInln

(

LETTER~l

r

RECORDS) Z-J-MANS.EPS Z-l-MANS. CURT.crG CUHT.EXE CURT.PIf

GRAII.[XE

HS.CfG

HS.lJAT HS.[XE

HS.PRT

HS2 HSINSTAL.

INfO

MANAGER.ExE

~

I:'

j;:

i:';.:

~::

('pr~ss

the

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use

the

cursor

k~ys

to

IHeip line Ust of files and directories

Scroll

bar

indicator Scroll

Help

L'

i

/L

~

j;!;;:

s~lect

Gelling

The

MS-DOS

Manager

Started

screen

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11 I

Menu Bar and Drop-Dow n Menus

To

execute

the

menu

select one of

a.

letter

a.

command, first select one

bar.

This

the

key or

causes

conunands from the drop-down menu

by

pointing

a.

of

the

drop-doun1

and

clicking with a mouse.

m·enu

Disk Drive Line

The

d£sk

drive

Nne

comput.er.

you

are

lists the disk drives

The

highlight.ed drive is

presently using.

that

t.he

current drive--t,he drIve

Drive Specification

The

dr£ve

specification shows

t.ory.

t,he

current

drive

four menus from

to

appear.

Then

by

pressing

are available on your

a.nd

current

direc-

list

of Subdirectories and Ales

The largest portion of the directories and

enclosed

in

files

brackets_

:tv1S-DOS

in

your current directory_ Subdirectories are

11anager screen lists the

Scroll Bar

If

your list of su bdirect,ories and

DOS

~1anager

clicking the screen.

(You can also scroll through your list of

using the a.rrow keys on the keyboard.)

A highlighted rectangular box called the shows you where you are

Chapter the list using the scroll bar.

screen, you can bring the hidden

a mouse on the scroll

in

4;

"Files and Directories," explains how

files

is

bar

at

the bottom

your list of

t,oo

long

to

files

or

files

and directories by

scroll

bar

files

and directories.

to

fit on the

into

to

the right of

£ndicator

scroll through

Help

If

you need some help for the operation you are performing) a

help

line

at

the bottom of the screen gives you information about

what

to

do next or

of the screen reminds

the Fl function key.

what's

you

'nong.

that

The

help

you can get more help

re11~inder

at

by

sulr

MS-

vie',,-

by

the top

pre~ing

4 Files and Directories

If

you've been through you probably know the basics to

work with them.

This chapter gives you some more information

directories. You can also refer more details.

Directories as Organizational Tools

the

Learn£ng

about

to

the

]vIS-DOS

files

and

l\IS-DOS

Manager

directories

about

User's

tutorial,

and

files

and

Gu£de

how

for

From the tutorial, you know you store all your work in files. files,

you'll probably

categories and erea te a

it

easy

make In

an

office, in different dra·wers. For example: you might files

in

the

same thing different directories. You n1ight have a direct,ory for write) a directory for important

Haying hard

disk) since hard disks can crea te direct.ories t,o

unless the disk contains an unmanageable number of files.

to

you can

one drawer

not,es you

several directories is especially helpful if you

want

find and work with files.

separate

a.nd

\\ith

l\1S-DOS

charts

want

on

a floppy disk too;

that

when you use your comput.er,

If

you have a large number

to

organize

them

into

convenient

directory for each category. Directories

and

organize files by

vour

letters

you creat,e, and a directory for

to

by

putting

keep.

contain

in

another

your computer files

many files. You

but

you

putting

put

your accounting

one. You

letters

are

don't

Kinds of Directories·

You will find references throughout this manual. ogy when using the

to

different types of directories

It

is helpful

:t\1S-DOS

to

}'1anager.

understand this terminol-

of

them

can

do

into

you

using a

can

really need

Root Directory

11S-DOS automatically creates one directory, the on every disk

tpries,

The root directory of any disk can hold only a limited number of

files type of disk you are using.

115-ooS

and directories, depending on the type

that

you format. Unless you create other direc-

puts

all files you create

in

the

of

root

directory,

root directory.

computer and the

Subdirectories

If

you want, you can create directories within directories, or

sub-

d£rectories.

For example, directories for different t.ypes of letters.

have a subdirectory for

direct.ory for personal letters.

'~lthin

the letters directory, you could have sub-

letters about financial

For

instance; you might

matters

and a sub-

Parent Directory

Any

directory

that

contains a subdirect.ory is considered the

parent of its immediate subdirectories.

Current Directory

The directory you are actually working in is called the current

directory.

specification line of your

\\Then current directory.

If

you use the Split Screen command (in the Options menu)

display an the one

The current directory is the one shown

you create a

extra

window on your screen, the

that

appears in the 'window with the highlighted border.

file,

:tv1S-DOS

1v1anager

screen.

automatically creates

in

current

the drive

it

in

direct.ory

your

t.o

is

Multilevel Directory System

The

~1S-DOS

called a is

always the root directory, and all directories, subdirectories,

files

and way

that

file

structure is often called a tree-structured file system and

the reason for the name

system of directories, subdirectories, and files is

multilevel

branch

a tree branches from its root.

or

hierarchical directory syst.em. The first leyel

out

from the root directory

root

d1·rectory.

in

That's

much the same

why this type of

is

Files andDirectories

151

Naming

You saw in the Learning MS-DOS Manager tutorial that a legal filename can have no more than eight characters with an extension than three characters.

A directory name is also limited to eight characters. Like a filename, a

directory name can be followed by a period (.) and an extension

three characters; however, extensions are rarely used with directory

names. File and directory names can include any letter

include any

MS-DOS:

Your

Files

of

the following characters, which have special meaning to

and

Directories

of

no more

or

number but cannot

of

up to

/16

Symbol:

*

\

? question

"

/

Name:

apostrophe asterisk backslash period

mark

quotation semicolon slash

marks

Wildcard Characters

l\1S-

DOS gives you two

use

as a

times mands.

Like

",ild cards in a poker game, wildcard charact.ers can

represent any other character. DOS commands, such as those for copying, deleting, and locating files.

An asterisk (*) can represent any

characters.

asterisk

left out. For example,

.doc.

sion A question

used

in

a filename or filename extension,

stands

'??????

characters For more information on wildcard characters. see the

User:s

for one

doc

Guide.

shortcut

\\Then used in a filename

stands

for the

mark

character

refers

and

t.he

un:ldcard

when specifying filenames

character

*.

doc

(1)

can represent only one

that

to

all the

extension.

characters

You can use wildcards with many

character

or

refers

to

has been left out.

files

that

doc.

that

you can some-

in

certain

or

combination of

or

filename extension, the

characters

all the files with the exten-

have filenames with six

that

character.

the

question mark

For

have been

\~~len

example,

A1S-

DOS

'

com.,

Pathnames

\\~len

you

want

to

use a

file

current. directory, you may need

your

look for the

path

or pathname

mands, such

file

as

or

directory. You do this by specifying a search

to

t,he

file.

Copy

and

or display a directory

to

telll\-1S-DOS where

l\1any of the

Locate,

ask you

l\-1S-DOS

to

that

l\-1anager com-

enter

pathnames.

is

not in

to

Files

and

Directories

171

A pathname filename. the previous one by a backslash (\).

To

figure

tory, and subdirectory (if applicable) in which

is

tory

[drive

nam.e:]

Full

and

A search

path.

For example; if you

on disk drive

b:\letters\bank.1tr

Note

that search begins separator between the directory

If

bank./ir

name would

b:\letters\financ1\bank.ltr

A search

tive

path.

directory of your current directory. Since a relatiye

don't need to drive.

For example, if wanted t.o would

is

a sequence of directory names followed by a

In

a pat.hname, each directory

out

a pathname, first determine the disk drive, direc-

located. The general format of a

[\ directory

name]

[\subdirectory

Relative Pathnames

path

that

B,

the full

the first backslash

at

the root directory.

were

in

financl;

be

path

that

You would

pathname

put

a backslash

your current directory was letters,

use

the

file

use

t.he

reI

a t ive pa.t.hname:

begins

begins within your current. directory is a

at

the root direct.ory

had a file

path

name would be

a subdirectory of

use

a relative

starts

bank.ltr in a directory letters

in

the

pathname

The

path

pathname

from your

at

the beginning, or specify a disk

bankltr in the subdirectory financl, you

or

file

pathname

name

second backslash

and

the filename.

letters,

current

is

separat.ed from

the

file

or

direc-

is

... ] \filename

is

called a full

specifies

to

move

that

the

full

to

directory, you

and

you

the

is

a

path-

rela-

a sub-

financ1

You would need a backslash only the

\bank.1

subdirect,ory.

tr

to

separate

the

filename from

Scrolling Through a List

of

Files and Directories .

You can scroll through a list of files and directories on your

o~

screen by using either the keyboard

bar

(at

the

The scroll tains

a highlighted rectangular box

in your list of

called a scroll

files

bar

bottom

and directories

indicator.

or

a mouse.

to

the right of your screen) con-

that

shows you where you are

as

you scroll. This box is

Scrolling keyboard

with

the

With

You can scroll through a list of

To

Up or down one line Up or

time To

file To

with a alphabet

If

If you click on the scroll bar, moves as

To

lip or

time when files are format

the

Keyboard

Move:

dO'wn

one screen

t.he

beginning

list the next

You

Scroll:

file

particular

Have a Mouse

sho,\'11

do,,'11

one

at

a time

at

a

or

end of the

that

begins

Jetter of the

your list of files and directories

in

the following table:

Do

file

at

a

Click on one of the scroll

in

long

arrows

screen.

files

by using certain keys:

Do

This:

Use the arrow keys. Use

the

PG

UP

Use

the

HO~1E

Press

that

letter.

This:

at

the right-hand side of the

and

PG

and

E.~1)

DN

keys.

bar

keys.

Left or right one column

t a time when

a

short format

files

are

Click on one of the sero]]-

in

arrows

at

the bottom of the screen.

bar

Up

or

down one page

time To

any position

list of files

and

directories

in

at

your

a

Click between indicator.

Move the cursor indicator. the

left mouse indicator position you mouse

Then,

along

button.

an

arrow

to while holding down

button,

the

want.

and

the

scroll

drag

scroll

Release

bar

the

bar

the

to

the

Files

and

Direc/ories

191

Moving Around

You

can

move around in

root and traveling through directories

particular

a file

system

file.

and

travel toward the root.

in

Your Directory System

the

multilevel system by

Conversely, you can

Changing Directories

There directory. go for more information.

Method:

Using the command in

Using the keyboard arrow keys or

Using the VlSual

are three methods you can use

The

following

Change

a mouse

the

Disk menu

Directory

Tree

in

mand

the Options menu

chart

com-

shows these methods

For

See Menu."

See

~1enu."

starting

and

subdirectories

start

anywhere within the

to

change your

More

Chapter

the

Chapter

Information:

8,

"The

following section.

7, "The Options

to

current

and

where

Disk

at

the

find

to

Changing directories

If

you change the disk

~1anager.

key corresponding list of files

To

do this, hold down the CON'ffiOL key

and

directories on the new floppy disk.

to

in

the

Using the Keyboard

You

can

change directories

keys

or a mouse-without

a floppy drive, you need

drive letter.

or

a Mouse

just

going

The

M'tnager displays the

by using the keyboard

to

any

of

the menus.

t.o

illform the

allel

pre~

arrow

the

With the Keyboard

To

Change

to

This

Directory:

Do This:

Subdirectory of Current Directory

Parent Directory

Last Another Drive

If

You

To

Change

Subdirectory of Current Directory

Directory of Current

Current

Have

Directon' on

a Mouse

to

This

.,

Directory:

[i]

Use

the arrow keys

highlight the name of a subdirectory listed on the screen.

~

Press

RETURN.

[i]

From the screen showing

the list of files in your

current directory,

BACKSPACE

[l]

Hold down the

key and

letter of the other drive.

key.

pre$

to

press the

CO!\"TROL

the drive

Do This:

[l]

Move the cursor

name of the subdirectory on the screen.

[i]

Double click the left mouse button (or press

to

the

RETUR.~).

Any Directory Dri"ye

Specificat.ion Line

Shown

in

[1J

110ye the cursor directory in the drive specification line.

[i]

Double click the left mouse button.

to

any

~

Last

Current

Another Drive

Directory on

[iJ Move

the

cursor

to

desired drive in the drive

specification line.

Ii]

Double click the left mouse button.

the

Files

and

Directories

21 I

Going

Now ready

that

to

On

you know

start

using the

about

:MS-DOS

using

ning your application programs. For an overview of the Menu

to

menu 5,

Then, Chapter

use for the operation you

"Overview of Using l\1S-DOS

to

learn exactly how

6,

"Steps for Executing Commands," and

on the individual menus

Bar

to

(Chapters 7 through 10).

files

and directories, you are

:Manager commands and run-

and an

want

~1anager

execute commands,

e:>..-planation

to

perform, see

Commands."

go

of which

on

to

the chapters

Chapter

to

5 Overview of Using

MS-DOS

Manager

MS-DOS 11anager provides you with drop-down menus it

easy

to

use the most common :MS-DOS commands.

chapter

• describes each of the four menus

• shows you which menu want

t.o

perform

• explains some cut.ing commands

Commands

in

to

use depending on

C"oncepts

you should know before you begin exe-

t.be

:rv1enu

the

Bar

operation you

The Menu Bar

The

1\1S-DOS Options, cat.es the type of commands in menu, called

the a

~1anager

Disk, and Applica t.ions.

commands for that. menu

drop-dou.'7l

menu

menu.

bar

contains four menus: File:

The

name of each menu indi-

that

menu. \Vhen you select. a

appear

in

a sn1all screen

that

This

make

The File

\Vith the File menu, you can organize and st.ore your work and

exit 11S-DOS 1·1anager.

From

delet.e~

file.

You can exit

tional}.£-

commands

The Options

'\lith

appear

files formed. You can also change in your Applica tions menu.

Menu

the File menu, you can choose commands

mo\"e~

rename, locate, type;

to

the l'"lS-DOS system

DOS commands. You can also use some of the File

to

work with directories.

or

get information

that

prompt

run, copy,

about

t.o

use addi-

Menu

the

Options menu; you can change the way your screen and

and

the

wa~'

copy

and

delete operations are per-

the

list of applications

to

be list.ed

files

a

You

can

use

the Options menu computer, add a second window or

gray shades on your screen, and display a graphic representation of your directory tree any changes you make list.

to your options

to

set

to

structure.

the

date

and time on your

the screen, change the colors

This

menu also lets you save

or

to your applications

The Disk Menu

Selecting menu

the

right

With the Disk menu, you

or

get information

about

can

create

a disk,

or

format a disk.

The Applications Menu

With the Applications menu, you can directly from

M'3-DOS Jv1anager.

Which Menu to Use

The

table below shows you which menu

want

to

you

What

\\Tork

with your files Copy Delete Get

file's size the

created Locate Nlove Rename Run (executable files) Type

perform.

You

Want

information

in

bytes,

date

and time you

it

or

last

(the contents

to

Do:

about

anel

updated

of a file)

a

it

or

change directories, copy

start

your applications

to

use for the operation

'Which

File menu

Menu

to

Use:

Overview

of

Using MS-DOS Manager Commands

251

"Vork

"ith

your directories

Change

Copy Creat.e Delet.e Locate Rename

Install or modify your applications Change your screen appearance

Change your screen colors Split.

)'our screen

Display your directory tree structure

Specify

Safeguard against overwriting

mistake

Safeguard against deleting

take Verify copy operation automatically Specify certain Help options Set Exi t t.o

how

files

are

\\11ether

alphabetically;

by \\11ich \\11ether

in

t.he

files

should

extension; or

files

should

files

should

short or long forma t

cia

te and time

1\13-

DOS

shovm

by

be

dat.e;

size

list.ed

be

list.ed

listed

by

mis-

File, Options, or Disk menu

Disk or File menu Disk menu File menu File menu File menu Options menu Options menu

Options menu Options menu

Options menu

Opt.ions menu

Options menu Options menu Options menu File menu

Options menu

Before

Before you should

Gett

\\11enever you can press screen.

You

you

begin executing be

ing

Help

you

Begin

familiar with:

need help

Fl.

}'·1S-DOS

for

Executing

con11TIands;

t,he

operation you are performing,

11anager responds

Commands

there are a

by

displaying a help

few

concepts

Yo.u

can

use

backward

t.hro.ugh can display choose

any help

For example,

the PG

an

UP

and

mult,iple

index of all the help topics t.hat are available and

t.opic

you

if

you

were needed help with changing cause

t.his

f'rpss:

< Ne><:l

Return

help screen

PgDn>

for

More

<Oi\ck

hpip

to.

PgUp>

or

prpr.~

PG

DN keys

pages

to.

mo.ve

o.f

help info.rmation.

forward and

You

also

'want to reyiew.

using the Screen Colors command and

yo.ur

screen

co.lo.rs,

pressing Fl

wo.uld

appear:

(In<i

...

,,>

<["ncp)

>

._~

to

rp<.UMP

Accelerator

''''hen

you

menus.

mand:' keyboard o.r

Yo.u just

notice

or

application

is

accelerated way of selecting a

can make a selection from a

by

pressing the accelera

Keys

press the ALT

that

key

or

look

at

one

letter

in

the name of each

is

highlighted. The corresponding

called the acce/erator key because pressing it

menu

t,or

key.

Dialog Boxes

If

~lS-DOS

comn1and

1-1anager

needs

t.o

know

more

or application you\'e selected: a

the screen.

box

asks

you

to

do

one

A dialog

• type

in

inf orma tion

of the

• select one of seyeral options from a list

any

of

t.he

drop-down

menu.

or

comma.nd.

or a

drop-do'\\1)

information about a

d£a.log

box

appears

following:

com-

key

is

menu

on

t.he

a fast

on

Overview

of

Using MS-DOS Manager Commands

271

• set or clear

a.n

"on/off'

option

• confirm a command

Type

A dialog box of this kind might ask you to type in file, asks you

•

Enter

in

Information

the

name of a

directory: drive: or

t.o

supply the new name for a

rile

Disks:

[ A : J [

CBUDGEiJ [LETTERS) [RECORDS) Z-l-MANS. Z-l-I'1ANS.

Z-l-MANS. CURT.cre

CURT.EXE CURT.PIF GRAB.EXE HS.

crG HS.DAT HS.EXE HS.PRT HS2 HS

INSTAL.

INrO

~;:E:~;TT~E~i;!E~r~i;~ii~Wii:r:r~l~~i;~j;:rT;i;:i1:E~r~Enm;iPUr:Hm~Wr!EfE~mlifmii~WWi~~H:iiWHJmmjifi~nmfii:iiW!ii~1;fl~~rm~Wi!mii~iiHm~ijfimifn~mii~Ef~

the

EXE

neMe

B:

J [ C : J

MANAGER.EXE MANAGER.

Cop!:!: To:

of

the

HLP

[STATUS.

[oo..........

ne~

file

path.

DOC,

and

For

instance, the Copy dialog box

file

you

are

copying:

Copy

----------...,

...........................

.........................

OK ) (Cancel)

press

Return

or

press

Esc

to

cancel

J

·'-MA

11:

lZAI'1

I

Select

One of

Several

Options from a List

This type of dialog box asks you For

example; the File

choose the format

IIID!I

Select

Options

Disks: [ A:

[BUDGETJ [LETTERS) [

RECORDS) Z-l-I1ANS.EPS Z-l-MANS.PCX Z-l-MANS.SCR

4-1-COPY.EPS 4-1-COP'r.PCX 4-1-COP'r.SCR CURT.Cn; CURT.£XE CURT.PIF GRAB.£XE HS.CFe HS.DAT HS.EXE HS.PRT

~

;~

i

i:

i

i:

i

i~

i

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the

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the

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press

ons

-----...,

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to

cancel

to

confirm a command. For

to

confirm

con1IDand

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•

6 Steps for Executing Commands

To

execute

Chapters

III

Select a

lI1

Select a menu.

m Choose a command

any

of the l\1S-DOS l\1anager commands explained

7 through 10, you need

file

or directory.

or

application from

to

perform up

to

the

drop-down menu.

in

four steps:

o Complete the dialog box (if necessary).

How to Use This Chapter

It's

important cuting commands beca use these steps.

The

chapters through finish, get bogged down in that

For

select a

exact,ly how

You \\ill probably

the

but

are

example, the instructions for a command may ask you

file

later

to

understand

on using the menus in

10) explain how some of the steps

t.oo

the same in each

or

execute

t.o

perform these steps in detail.

chapt.ers for executing commands.

the

\\Oant

this

chapter

it

tells you exactly how

the

l\1enu

to

execute commands from

are

abbreyiated

much detail

cOTI1Illand

d1°a/og

t,o

refer back

boxo

and

are

This

to

before you begin exe-

to

do

each

bar

(Chapters

start

to

there

so you

repetition.

explained in

chapter

this

explains

chapter

The

detail

as

won't

steps

you use

7

here.

just

of

to

Just for Practice

To

get some practice executing cormnands, you

back

to

the

Learning

walks you through execut.ing some commands step-by-step.'

J'1S-DOS

"1anager

tutorial.

can

The

always

tutorial

refer

Practice commands

executing

You can also experiment with

mand options yourself. commands on your own. command,

just

preffi

Don't

If

ESC.

you make a

the

:Manager's menus

be

hesitant

mistake

about

and trying or

want

com-

out

to

some

e>..;t

a

Step

Follow this files

You can select a single file, multiple files,

more directories. operations:

One:

and

directories. Otherwise, go on

Select a File or Directory

step

if

you

are

using a command

The

follo'wing commands allow multiple

to

Copy

Get

Info

Delete

Rename

110ve

Type

ill

If

your

current

you

want,

To

change directories, you

command in

"The Disk 1\1enu."

o Select the

to

move

the

directory does

first change

the

Disk menu.

file

or directory you

highlighted

to

the

can

bar

not

contain

directory where

use

the

To

learn

want

oyer the file

that

Step

2.

or

all

the

Change

how, see

by using

or

direct.ory name.

operates

the

files in one

file

it

is

Directory

Chapter

the

on

file

or

direct.ory

located.

arrow

or

9,

keys

Copy,

The

allow you

dialog

type.

Delete;

to

type

box

is displayed. Leave a space between each filename you

Rename,

filenames in the

Keyboard Shortcut

I!J

1\1ove

the

highlighted

by

preffiing the first

If

you preffi the the first filename continue moying the arrow keys.

letter

that

Move,

bar

over

letter

of

key once,

begins with the lett.er you preffied.

bar

down, preffi

and

appropriate

the

file

the

file

or

the

highlighted

Type

or

directory

the

key

commands also

fields when the

name.

bar

a.ga.in

you

jumps

or

use

want

to

To

the

Steps

for

Executing

Commands 31 I

You can select multiple files by holding down while you use the arrow keys. want

to

select, press

down

the

SHIIT key.

CEBAR

If

You

I!]

Move the cursor

and

To file down the accidentally select a operation, place the mouse cnrsor over

right

again.

Have a Mouse

click the left mouse

select multiple files, click the right mouse

you

want

to

SHIFT

button

one more time.

the

To

to

the

name of the

select. (If you have a one-button mouse, hold

key and click the mouse button.)

file

Step Two: Select a

This

step

"pulls down" one of

onto

your screen.

[I]

Pres.') ALT. The

menu

bar

is

activated.

III Highlight the menu you

right

and

left

arrow

[!] Press

RETURN.

1'he drorrdown menu appears.

keys.

If

you come

SPACEBAR

resume selecting files, press the

button.

you

while continuing

file

don't

want

Menu

the

fonr MS-DOS

want

in

the menu

the

SHIFT

to a file

or

directory you wan t

to

include in

that

file

bar

you

to

button

~1anager

and

by

on each

If

you

press the

using

key don't hold

SPA-

the

menus

the

Selecting multiple files

with

the

keyboard

Selecting files

with

multiple

a mouse

Keyboard Shortcut

[I]

Press the

The

(3] Pres.') the first

The

ALT

key.

menu

bar

is act.ivated.

letter

of the menu name you need.

drop-down menu appears.

If

You

Have a Mouse

[!]

110ve the cursor

II]

Click the left mouse button. The

drojrdown menu appears.

Mouse Shortcut

l!J

\Vhile holding down the left mouse button, drag the cursor over the menu a menu, its button.

to

the menu you want.

bar

to

the menu you want.

drojrdo\\TIl menu appears.) Then release the mouse

in

the 11enu Bar.

(As

you pass over

Step Three: Choose a Command or Application from the Drop-Down Menu

This st.ep tells

you

want

E] Highlight your selection

up and

o Press

~DOS

to

use.

dOl\'n

arrow keys.

R.ETURt"\T.

11anager which command or application

in

the drojrdo\\'Il menu

by

using the

Keyboard Shortcut

I!J

Press the accelerator key for the command or application you want.

You

can assign accelerator keys

key)

t.o

your applications using the conunand described in Chapter t.he

Move~

also press a function key:

Command:

Move

Copy Delete Rename

Copy~

Delete,

and

Function

F2

F4

F5

F7

8~

Rename

(SHlFT

Modify

"The Options 11enu." For

and function

Application

commands, you can

Key:

List

If

You

[il

Use your of the

[)

Click

Have a Mouse

mOllse

command

the

left

to

point the

or

application you wan t

mOllse

button.

Clll'SOr

to

any

letter

to

select.

in

the

Steps

name

(o/

Executing

Commands

331

Mouse

Command

I!J

To

r!J

Shortcut-Selecting

in

One Step

While holding down the left mouse

over

the

menu

bar

to

the menu you

drop-down menu

over a menu,

button.

The

dialog box for the command you chose appears.

to

the command you

its

drop-down menu appears.) Release

a Menu and

button,

want

want.

Cancel a Command

To

cancel a command

screen, press ESC.

and

return

to

the

:tvlS-

move

the

and

then

(As

you pass

DOS 11anager

After You've Made Your Choice

Once you've made a choice from :t-v1anager

• Execlltes (carries

• Start.s the application you selected

• Displa.ys a dialog box asking you for more information

does one

of

the following:

out)

the command you selected

the

drop-down menu,

cursor

down

the

mouse

:tv1S-DOS

Cancelling a command

Step Four: Complete the Dialog Box

V\~len

information, select one or several optiolls from a list, an

You

a dialog box a.ppears, DOS :t\1anager

"on/oW'

may need

option,

or

confirm a comma.nd.

t.o

move between fields

wants

you

to

complete a dialog box.

to

set

type

or

clea.r

in

Moving Between Relds

Moving dialog

around

box

in a

A dialog box can have several parts, field

to

'1:'0

Move:

To

the next

To

the previous

To

any

anot.her,

field

use

one of the options sho'\\ll here:

field

or

fields.

To

move from one

Do

This:

Pre$TAB. Pre$

SHIIT and

same time. Pre$ALT.

letter

(One dialog box

Then type the highlighted lett,er in the move to.

TAB

at

the

in each

is highlighted.)

field

you want to

If You Have a Mouse

Move

the cursor

where you want to enter text. Click the left mouse button.

t·o

the option you

want

to

select or the space

Entering Information

There are four ways

•

by

typing

•

by

selecting one of several options from a list

•

by

setting or clearing an "on/off' option

•

by

confirming a command

in

text

to

enter information in a dialog

box:

of the

Typing dialog

text

box

in a

Typing in Text

I!J

Use

t.he

key board to type

Selecting

In a dialog box showing a list of options cleared, the currently selected option shows a bullet choose

One

of

Several

a.

different option, follow these steps:

in

t,ext, such as a filename.

Options

from a list

that

can

be

set or

(e).

To

[!]

Position the highlighted

Method:

bar

over the option you want:

What

to

Do:

Steps for Executing Commands

Choosing

in a

dialog

an

box

option

351

With the keyboard

\\lith a mouse

[]

Set or clear an option by pressing the

Setting

In a dialog box

"off,"

to

the option.

To option (remove the

or

Clearing

sho'\'~ng

if the option

either set an option (place an X in the brackets) or clear an

an

options

is

selected, an X appears in the brackets next

X from the brackets), follow these steps:

Method:

\Vith the keyboard

\Vit.h

a mouse

Use

the up and down arrow keys, or if the option you has a highlighted letter, you can

that

just type Point the cursor over the option

you want and click mouse button.

"On/Off"

that

\\That

TAB

either set or clear. Press the

CEBAR.

110ve

want and click the left mouse button.

Option

can be turned either "on" or

to

Do:

to

the option you

the cursor

letter.

SPACEBAR.

to

the option you

the

want

left

to

SPA-

If

the bra.ckets are empty, an X appears and the option

there

is

already an X

is

option

Confirming

\\'hen confirm a command, you can either execute or cancel point

cleared.

a Command

1·1S-DOS

by

executing or cancelling the dialog box.

in

t.he

brackets; the X disappears and the

l\'1anager displays a dialog

box

asking you

it

is

at

set.

to

that

If

To

Execute a Dialog Box

Executing a dialog box

Cancelling a dialog box

You can use either the keyboard

Method:

\Vith the keyboard \Vith a mouse

To

Cancel a Dialog Box

If

you're working in a dialog box and change your mind

completing it, you can cancel

Method:

\iVith

the keyboard

\\~th

a mouse

or

a mouse:

'What

Pres;

Move the cursor field and click the left mouse

button.

the

dialog box

What

TAB

to

press Move the cursor

field and click the left mouse button.

to

Do:

RETURN.

at

any time:

to

Do:

the <Cancel>

RETURJ~.

Or, press

to

the <Cancel>

to

field

the

about

ESC.

<01G>

and

7 The File Menu

The

File menu gives you the commands you need

your

files.

You can also use a few of the File menu commands

with your directories.

Use

the File menu

to

work with

• Run

• Copy, delete, or rename

• 110ve or locate

• Display (type) the cont.ents of a

• Get information about

• Exit

There are four general steps File menu commands:

II]

~

an

executable

to

the

115-

Select the

mands

Although you can the

file

Select the File menu from the menu bar. A

drop-down menu appears.

file

that

operate on files or directories).

or direct.ory, it's best

file.

files

or directories.

files.

file.

files

or direct.ories.

DOS system prompt.

to

perform when you use any of the

or directory you want

wait. until the dialog box appears

to

do

it

to

first.

work

\\~th

(for com-

to

select

o Choose the command you want.

[!]

If

a dialog box appears, enter information and execute the

dialog box.

If

you need more specific information about how

of these steps, see \Vhen you select the File menu, a dr'ap-down menu appears list-

ing the File menu commands:

Chapter

6,

"Steps for Executing Commands."

to

perform any

How

to

execute

commands

.crG

.txt

.PIF

.txt

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Dialog Boxes

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the

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If

you decide

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to

use a different

file

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i

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11anager displays a dialog

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ii~ j j~j

~~ i ;~i

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~~iifi

i~ilij

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press

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j~ii~iiiii~iI~i

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Move

to

the filename

field:

The

File Menu

391

Method: VJith the key board

With a mouse

II)

Type the desired entered a

file

or directory name. (If you've already

or directory name, simply type over it.)

What

Use

the

Move the cursor

desired left mouse button.

Run

Use

the

Run

con1IDand

bat,

have a . sions linked with your applicat.ion programs.

\\Then

•

Searches for and loads your

•

Starts extensions for the application)

You application tion,

.com,

you select a

an application

can specify an application

to

see

Chapter

to

run or

or

.exe

filename extension, or one of the exten-

file

to run,

(if

your applications list. For a detailed explana-

8,

"The Options 11enu."

start

executable

1v1S-DOS

file

tIle filename extension

11anager

e:h't.ension

to

Do:

TAB

key.

to

the

field

and click the

files.

These

is

in the list of

when you add an

How

MS-DOS 11anager searches for

1.

2.

3.

If

the program disk in

Note

with execut.able extensions uses the mand

MS-DOS Searches

files

In the current directory In

the

118-

DOS

path

(as specified

In

the root directory of the current driye

115-

DOS 11anager

for

Advanced

115-

DOS

to

tell 11S-DOS the location (directory) of the commands,

can't

drive

path

find

A.

Users

(.bat,

t.o

locate them.

the

\Vhen vou run external commands

for

Files

in this order:

in

your

file,

it

.com,

or

If

au.toexec.

prompts you

.exe),

115-DOS 11anager

you

use

the

bat

file)

to

path

insert

com-

you can run know where

them

from any directory, since

to

find them.

:tv1.."-DOS

will always

For more information on the 'tommand, refer

To

Run

II]

Select the executable directory.

to

the

a Program

118-00S

A1S-DOS

file

you want

o Select the File menu. o Choose the

GJ

Execute the dialog

Keyboard

m Select the executable

directory. .

~

Press

If

You Have a Mouse

m Point the mouse cursor

want

~

Double click the left mouse button.

Run

command.

box.

Shortcut

file

you want

RETUH

..

~.

to

the name of the executable

to

run from your current directory. .

User's

path

and using the

Guide.

to

run from your current

t.o

run from your current

.,

path

file

)rou

Copy

Use

the

Copy

disk or on a different disk. The cate

version of the you would like a different name for the copy, you can specify a new name.

You can copy a single \\11en you copy a direct,ory, all the copied is not copied.

If there is already an existing tination directory, when you execut.e the safeguard against the next section.

to

comn1and to copy a

file

wlthout affecting the original version.

file,

multiple

the selected destination. The directory structure itself

115-

OOS 11a.nager

Copy

ovenniting

file

to

a directory on the same

Copy

command makes a dupli-

files;

or entire directories.

files

in

that

directory are

file

\\lth the same name in the

overwr£tes

command. There is a way you can

by

mistake. This is expla.ined

( erases) the

des-

file

in

If

To Safeguard Against Overw riting by Mistake

The

File Menu 41 I

You can ask oven\'Tites an existing on the Menu."

Verifying Contents of Original

You can ask MS-DOS :Manager

file

new ing. For more information, see the section on the command in Chapter 7, "The Options 11enu."

115-

Copy

DOS :Manager

file.

Options command in

to

For more information, see the section

to

are the same as the contents

let

you know before

Chapter

verify

of

8,

Ale

and Copy

that

the contents of the

the original

"The Options

Copy

Selecting Multiple Files

You can select multiple them

to another disk or directory in a single operation. The procedure for selecting cuting Commands."

The list of selected spa.ce between each filename. You execute list.

You can type multiple filenames directly in the instead of selecting them from to

t.he

dialog box.

256 characters, including a space between each filename.

files

from the current directory

files

is described in

files

is displayed in the

Use

the arrow keys

the screen list. The

Chapter

can

edit the list before you

6,

"Steps for

Copy:

field

to

move through the

Copy:

field

it

after

Options

and

with a

field

allows up

copy-

copy

Exe-

USing

You may cards. \\·7ildcards are explained in tories," and

Wildcards

be

able

t.o

simplify your copy operation by using

in

the

AIS-DOS

User's

Chapter

Guide.

'wild-

4, "Files and Direc-

Examples of Using the Copy Command

The fol1o"ing table shows you some examples of how you would use the box.

Copy

command and

what

you would enter

in

the dialog

To

Do

This

Operation:

Copy:

To:

Copying a file directory

or

Copy the

account.ltr.

Copy the directory to the root directory

disk

Copy all the tory to the

Copy all the tory in drive tory.

Make

current directory

sion .ltr and replace the

the

To

OJ

tile

banldtr and rename

file

banldtr

in drive

new

B.

files

in the current direc-

letters

directory in drive

files

in the

A to the current direc-

a

copy

of

all the

that. have the

tiles

wit.h

.

Copy a File

Select

t.he

file

it

from

the current

of

the

charts

direc-

files

in the

e>..'ten-

e>..'tension

bak

or

Directory

or

directory you want

on

B.

banldtr

bank.ltr

*.*

A'\charts

*.ltr

to

copy.

o Select the File menu. o Choose the

(Pressing the

3.)

o In the

tory. Include

If

you are

to

the current directory of the other (unhighlighted) window.

Copy

To:

field, type a name for the copy of the

in

command.

F4

function key

apat.hname

split screen display mode, the

is

a shortcut around steps 2 and

if

you need one.

To:

o Execute the dialog box.

account.ltr

B:\

B:\letters

*.bak

file

or

direc-

field defa.u1ts

Dragging

You can copy a

t.ory

in

to

a directory name

screen mode,

to

show you the results of these operations.

EJ

Select the

o Hold

o Drag the

the destina.tion window, drive letter,

Files

anot.her window,

dOVIl)

With a Mouse

file

or multiple

in

!v1S-DOS

file

the CTRL key and the left mouse button.

file

l\1anager automatically splits your screen

or directory you

t.o

the

files

to

a drive letter

the visual tree.

want

desired location and point the cursor

o Release the mouse button.

by dragging

in

the disk drive line, or

If

you are not

to

copy.

or

directory name.

t.hem

to

in

a direc-

split

at

If

you drag files

becomes the active window and the copied files are highlighted.

to

another window,

the

destination window

Get Info

The

File Menu

431

Use the

its the

(R)ead only. For more information

the

Get

Info

command

size in bytes, the date and time you created

file,

and the

}''is-DOS

file

User's

type - (H)idden, (S)ystem, (A)rchive,

Guide.

to

display the name of a selected

about

these types of

or

last

Selecting Multiple Files

You can select multiple files from the current directory display information about procedure for selecting Executing Commands."

To Get Information About a

IT]

Select the

II]

Select the File menu.

m Choose the

115-

DOS 11anager displays a dialog box showing the selected the dat.e and time you created or last updated the directory.

[!]

Execute the dialog box.

file

you

Get

Info command.

file

or direct.ory, the size in byt.es (files only), and

files

want

t.hose

files

in

a single operation. The

is

described in Chapter

Rle

or

to

get informat.ion about.

6,

Directory

the

file,

updated

or

files,

see

and

"Steps for

name of

file

or

Getting

about a file directory

Information

or

Delete

Use

the Delete con1illand

disk. Deleting a direct.ory erases the entire contents of

therefore, before you delete a direct.ory, make sure

conta.in any

files

you

want

t.o

erase a

t.o

keep.

file

or

directory from vour

~

t.he

direct.ory;

it

does

.'

not.

To Safeguard Against Deleting

by

Mistake

There are two options safeguard against deleting select both options Options

If

Manager asks

directory whenever the ''Directory Must allow

For details,

Chapt.er

menu.

you

select the "Confirm File Deletion" option,

you

to delete a directory

see

the section

7,

"The Options

in

l\1S-DOS

files

by

using the Delete Options command

to confirm

you

be

that

use

the Delete command.

Empty" option, the :Manager

on

l\1enu."

Selecting Multiple Files

You

can select multiple

in

delete them

is

described

The list space between each filename. execute the dialog list.

You

can type multiple filenames directly

instead

to

of

256

characters, including a space between each filename.

a single operation. The procedure

in

Chapter

of

selected

selecting them from

files

box.

6,

Use

files

from the current directory and

"Steps for Executing Corrunands."

is displayed

You

the

:Manager

or

directories

you

that

contains any

the Delete Options command

in

ca,n

a.rrow

t.he

screen list. The

that

can help

by

mistake.

11S-DOS

want

to

delete a

If

you

will

files.

for

selecting

the

Delete:

edit the list before

keys to

in

the D€lete:

field

move

field

through the

you

You

file

or

select

not

with a

you

field

allows

in

can

the

in

files

up

Using Wildcards

You

may

be

able to simplify your delete operation cards to specify filenames. "Files and Directories," and

Examples

The

following

use

the Delete command and what

box.

of

USing

table shows

the

\\~ldcards

in

the

AIS-DOS

are explained

Delete Command

you

some

examples

you

would enter

User's

of

how

by

using "ild-

in

Chapter 4,

Gu£de.

you

in

the dialog

would

To

Do

This Operation: Delete:

The

File Menu ..

51

Delete the directory.

Delete the

in drive A

Delete the disk

Delete all

that Delete all Delete all

in drive A

Delete all

that

the extension .

To

III

1Il

file

momltr in the current morn.ltr

letters directory on

financlsubdirectory on the \letters\financl

in

the current drive.

files

in the current directory

have the .ltr extension.

files

in the current directory.

files

in the letters directory .k\/etters\

files

in the current directon

have a six-chara.cter filename

ext.

the

disk A:.\letters

Delete a File or Directory

If

you're delet.ing a directory, make sure

files

any (All

files

Select the

you want in the directory

file

to

keep.

,\111

or directory you

[!] Select the File menu.

E1

Choose the Delete command. (Pressing the

F5

function key

4.)

[I] Execut.e the dialog box.

Another dialog box may want to delet.e the

If

you are trying

selected the "Directory

~1anager

do one of two things:

\\111

to

not allow you

appear

file

or direct.ory.

delete a nonempty directory

~1ust

*.ltr

:t.

*

*.

*

r

??????

an"d

be

deleted.)

want

is

a shortcut around steps 3 and

asking you

Be

Empty" option;

t.o

delete the directory. You must

to

delete.

ext

it

does

to

not

verify

and

~~

contain

that

you

DOS

you

Deleting a file directory

or

• Delete all the

•

Go

to

the Options menu, choose the Delete Options com-

mand, and clear Then try

to

files

in the directory

the

''Directory 11ust Be

delete the directory again.

Empty'~

selection.

Rename

Use

the

Rename

or

directory.

Selecting Multiple Rles

command

to

change the name of a selected

file

Renaming a file directory

or

You can select multiple

rename them in a single operation. The procedure for selecting

files

is described in Chapter

The list of selected space between each filename. You can edit the list before you execute the dialog box. list.

You

can type multiple filenames directly inst.ead of selecting them from the screen list. The to

256

characters, including a space between each filename.

Using

You wildcards Chapter

Wildcards

may

be

able

to

specify filenames. Wildcards are explained in

4,

"Files and Directories," and

to

files

from the current directory and

6,

"Steps for Executing Commands."

files

is displayed in the Rename:

Use

the arrow keys

simplify your rename operation by using

in

t.o

the

field

with a

move through the

Rena.me:

A1S-DOS

field

allows up

User's

Guide.

To

Rename a Rle

[!] Select the

I!]

Select the File menu.

[1]

Choose the (Pressing the

file

Rename

or directory you want

F7

or

Directory

to

rename.

command.

function key is a shortcut around steps 2 and

3.)

@ Type a new name for the

[i] Execute the dialog

box.

file

or direct.ory

in

the

To:

field.

Move

Use

the

t.o

relocate

Move

a.

comma.nd

file

to

t.o

transfer a

a different directory or disk. .

file

within a directory or

The

File Menu

-t

71

You can also

to

mand directory, the name.

use

the

Move

change the name of a

Move

command erases the

command like the

file.

If

you

Move a file

file

Rename

with the original

com-

within a

Selecting Multiple Rles

You can select multiple files from the current directory and move

to

them cedure for selecting cuting Commands."

The list of selected files is displayed in the space between each filename. You can edit the list before you

execute the dialog list.

You can

instead of selecting them from to

USing

You may be able

cards

"Files and Directories," and

another disk or direct.ory in a single operation. The pro-

files

is described in Chapter

box.

Use

the arrow keys

type multiple filena.mes directly in the

t.he

screen list. The field allows

256

characters, including a space between each filename.

6,

A1ove:

field with a

to

move through the

A{ove:

Wildcards

t.o

simplify your move operation

to

specify filenames. \\lildcards

in

the

A1S-DOS

a.re

explained in Chapter 4,

User

by

'8

"Steps for

field

using wild-

Gu£de.

Exe-

up

Examples of Using Move

The follm'ing table shows you some examples of how you would

use the box.

Move

con1illand and what you would enter in the dialog

To

Do

This Operation: Move: To:

1\love the the the

letters directory.

Rename the

credit.ltr

tory.

:tv1ove

the current drive directory in the directory in the same drive.

:r"love

current directory on drive A to drive B.

1\love all files

extension .Itr from the

letters

to

the drive e>..1,ension

To

file

banl..!tr

current directory into

financl directory in

the

file

current directory

in

the

file

taxes.

charts

directory in the

to

all

files

from the

the current directory on

"ith

directory on drive A

root directory on

B and replace the .Itr

\\1th

from bank.ltr \letters\financl

the

bfmk.ltr

same direc-

the

letters

in bank.ltr

to

cha

from \ charts\

financl

the A:.\letters\

Move a File

A:.

*.

*

taxes.

*.Itr

cha

credit.ltr

\letters\financl

B:

*.

*

B:\

*.doc

Moving a file

EJ

Select the

~

Select the

o

Choose

[!] Enter a name

direct.ory

file

you

File

menu.

the Move command.

for

name

if

o Execute the dialog

Dragging

You

can drag a window, name

EJ

Select.

~

Hold

Files

file

to a drive letter

in

the visual

the

file

or directory you want to

down

the left

With a Mouse

or multiple

t.ree.

want

t.o

move.

the

new

file,

including the drive name and

they are different from

box.

files

t.o

a directory

in

t.he

disk drive line, or to a directory

mouse

button.

t.he

move.

current

in

another

ones.

ill

Drag the the destination window, drive letter, or directory name.

file

to

the desired location and point the cursor

o Release the mouse button.

If

you drag

becomes the active window and the moved

Locate

Use

the This command where certain

The

Locate delete one or more of the located current directory

You can specify a pathname searching for your Locate the current drive.

files

to

another window, the destination window

files

are highlighted.

Locate

automatically begins the search in the root directory of

command

will

help you if you do not remember exactly

files

are stored or the exact name of a

command also allows you

t.o

files.

to

find a file

to

files.

And, you can change

one

that

contains a located

to

tell the :Manager where

If

you do not specify a pathname,

or group of

list the contents or

file.

files

file.

at

on a disk.

the

to

start

The

File Menu ..

91

Specifying a Pathname

The pathname tells

to

directory For example,

that

it.

drive

B,

field:

B:\letters

This

t.ells

any of its subdirectories.

If

you know

you don't know which directory

search.

is

in the letters direct.ory

specify this search

1\15-

that

B:\

This tells disk in drive

~1S-

B.

~1S-

if

you

want

OOS

Manager

the

file

OOS

~1anager

DOS

~1anager

to

locate the mom.itr

path

to

is

somewhere

to

which directory or sub-

file

and you think

in

the root directory

in

the Starting

search the letters directory and

on

the disk in drive

it

is

in, specify the pathname:

search all the directories on the

on

at

Directory:

a disk

B,

but

in

Using Wildcards

Locating a file

You can

cards are explained in Chapter the MS-DOS

Examples

The following table

Locate

To

Locate all extension .ltr including the root directory and any of its

Locate all extension .ltr in on drive A of

tha.t directory.

To

[1]

o Choose the

[1]

m

use

wildcards

User's

of

command and what you would enter in the dialog

Do

This

Operation:

the

files with

on

the

subdirectories.

the

files with

the

and

in

any

locate

Select the File menu.

Type the name of the if you know

If

you

other

a Rle

Locate

only

want

the

thanthe

to

simplify some locate operations. Wild-

4,

Guide.

Using

disk in drive

letters directory

root directory on

locate

sho'ws

you some examples of how

the

subdirectories

command.

file

you want

part

of the filename.

:rv.1anager

to

A,

begin the search

"Files and Directories" and

to

use

box.

Start

A:.\

A:.\/etters

t.he

at:

to

locate.

current drive,

Use

in

Locate:

:I.ltr

wildcards

a directory

in

the

•

110ve

to

the

Start£ng

•

If

the directory you want the 11anager

is

not

in

your current directory, enter a full pathname.

•

If

the directory you want the 11anager

is

within your current directory, enter a

(Full

and

relat£ve

"Files and Directories.")

at

Directory:

pathnames are explained

field.

to

begin the search

to

begin the search

relat£ve

in

Chapter

pathname.

4,

[i]

Execute the dialog box.

MS-DOS Manager displays the complete pathnames of the

files

that

match the

box

dialog date

listed.

log box, you can scroll through the list of

bar.

[!]

There are three operations you can perform from the "Files Located"

llJ

You can select a

I!J

You can delete a aP1?ears file

[!]

You can change the current directory contains a

If

click

[1J

To

return

titled "Files Located." The size in bytes and the

and time you created or last updated each

H the entire list of .files located does not fit in the dia-

dialog

asking you

).

you have a mouse, move the cursor

to

change

to

the

file

specification you entered in a new

box:

file

from the list and type its contents.

file

from the list (another dialog box

to

confirm

file

selected from the list.

t.o

that

file's directory.

11S-

DOS

11a,na,ger

that

screen:

files

you

want

to

the directory

to a file

file

using the scroll

to

delete the

and

also are

that

double

The

File Menu 51 I

Method:

'Vith the keyboard

"lith

a mouse

Type

Use

the

Type

command

files.

of starting

This command allows vou

the application

Selecting Multiple Rles

You can select multiple display their selecting Commands."

cont.ents

files

is described

to

display the contents of a

where"'

files

from the current direct,ory and

in

a single operation. The procedure for

in

Chapter

'What

Press

110ve the cursor

field button.

it

was created.

to

Do:

P£TI.JHN.

and click the left mouse

to

see

what

6,

"Steps for Executing

is

to

in a

the

file

<DID

or group

without

The

list.

of

select.ed

space between each

execute the dialog

files

is

filename.

box.

Use

displayed

You

the arrow

in

the

can edit the list before

keys

list. You

can type multiple filenames directly

oT

selecting them

from

the screen list. The

in

characters, including a space between each

Using Wildcards

You

may

be

able to simplify

cards to specify

"Files and

Directories,'~

filenames.

some

type operations

\"~ldcards

and

in

the

}'1S-

are explained

DOS

The Type Dialog Box

\Vhen

you

select

files

}'1a.nager

displays

using the

t.he

first page

Type

of

t.he

con1mand;

first

Type

field

to

move

through the

the Type

field

allows up to.256

filename.

by

in

User's

Gu£de.

}'-1S-DOS

select.ed

file:

with a

you

field

inst.ead

using

Chapter

wild-

4,

'ntpr

lhp

n:1MP

of

This dialog

• The name

box

of t he

a percentage.

• The beginning

• A

IVext

Line

file.

You

also can

• A

.Vext

Page

file.

You

also can

thp

{,Ip

contains

file

of

field

ttl

j'<_l

;":Ulct

pr,".".

and your location

t.he that.

use

that

use

select.ed

you

t.he

you

the

file.

use

down-arrow

use

PG

D~

Rf'tUf"U

Or

pr('".<.

lOl

t.o

display

in t he

t.he

file

next line

key.

t·o

display the next page

key.

1..u

{('tucpl

expressed

of

t.he

of

as

the

• A

field

that

next selected

• A

page of the

file.

:Manager screen.

file.

L£ne

field

You also can use the up-arrow key.

Page

field

file.

You also can

field

that

you use

To Type a File

[1]

Select the

lI1

Select the File menu.

II]

Choose the Type command.

El

Execute the dialog box.

file

you want

MS-DOS and Exit

you use

that

you use

that

you

to

display.

to

display the first page of the

to

display the previous line

use

to display the previous

use

the

PG

UP

key.

to

return to the MS-DOS

The

Typing a

File Menu

file

531

Both the

l\1anager

commands \Vhich

return

To

Go prompt only return la.ter

Quit

MS-DOS to

go

that

comn1and you should use depends

to

the l\1.anager screen before you quit your work session:

Do

This:

to

the

l\1S-DOS

tempor~rily

to

the l\1anager screen

your work session

and

Exit

commands let

the

1£

DOS system prompt and enter

are not available 'within the 1\1anager.

Use This

sYstem

and

MS-DOS

IT]

Select the File menu.

Iil Choose the

(If you change your mind and decide not l\1.anager, press

II]

Execut.e the dialog box.

MS-DOS

ESC.)

command.

you

leave

on

'\"hether you plan

Command:

MS-DOS

Exit

to

leave

1\£DOS

1\£

DOS

l\1S-DOS

to

Exiting temporarily

to

MS-DOS

E1

When you are ready

@

At

the system prompt, type

o Press

RETURN.

to

return to

:MS-DOS

ex£t.

11anager,

Quitting your work session

Exit

II)

Select the File menu.

o Choose the

(Pressing the

2.

If

you change your mind

l\1anager, press

m Execute the dialog

If

you modified your applications list

in

the Options menu during your current work session,

DOS

before you exit. that

If

you do not use Save Options

wlll

be

information on the

"The Options

To Return to MS-DOS

• Reboot your computer,

•

At

the

[1]

Type

[EJ

Press

Exit

command.

F3

function key is a shortcut around steps 1 and

and

decide not

ESC.)

box.

or

changed any options

will

give you the opportunity

If

you answer

you made through the Options menu

lost when you exit.

For

t,o

save your changes

"no,"

then any and all changes

to

save your changes, they

more information; see the

Save Options command in

1\1enu."

Manager

OR

1\1S-

DOS

system prompt,

m,anager.

HETli·H.;~.

to

are

leave

lost.

Chapter

:MS-DOS

1\1S-

7,

8 The Options Menu

\"lith the Options Menu, you can modify various l\1anager options.

• Add a second 'window to the screen.

• Display a graphic representation of your directory structure.

• Change colors or grey shades on the screen.

• Specify the format you your directories and

• Select certain options

• Specify certain opt.ions for the Help

• Set the current

• Change your list of applications for the applications list.

• Save any changes you have made cations list.

There are three general st.eps

menu commands:

ill

Select the Opt.ions menu. A

drop-do\\l1 menu appears.

[]

Choose the command you want.

m

If

a.

dialog

box.

box

Use

this menu

files.

date

and

appears;

to

want

the l\1anager

to

help you when deleting or copying.

files.

time on your computer.

to

the options

to

perform when you use Options

enter

information and execut.e the

:MS-DOS

to

use

to

or

display

the

appli-

If

you need more specific information about how

of these steps, see

\\~1en

you

select.

listing the Options menu commands:

Chapter

the Opt.ions menu,a. drop-do\\l1 menu appears

6,

"Steps for Executing Commands."

to

perform any

How

to

execute

commands

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the

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vie"",

two different directories on

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display different

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return

an

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parts

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the

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the

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to

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also provides a convenient way

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to

change directories.

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the

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the lower window using the

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[I] Select a disk from the disk driye line.

[]

Select. the Options

ill

Select. the VISUal (Pressing

t.he

mE'nu.

Tree

command.

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3.)

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Change Directories from the Tree

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t,O

change the current directory:

or

The

Options Menu

591

Method:

With the keyboard

\VIth a mouse

If

the entire tree does not fit in the bottom and right sides of the \\rindow parts

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Move Around Within

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following chart. summarizes the methods for moving ,\rithin

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the

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Keyboard:

to

What

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t.he

the

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The

SIDFT

keys .

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key and the arrow

PG

'lJP

and

TAB or

F6

PG

DN

keys

funct,ion key

Highlight a directory in the tree. Press the

change direct.ories

highlighted directory. Scroll through the tree

changing the highlighted direct.ory.

l\1ove

down th

Change the active direct.ory if two directories are displayed. the tree is not the active ",indow, the highlighted direct.ory in the tree changes active

to

Do:

use

the arrow keys

RETIJRN.

to

window,

use

the scroll

to

display different

Visual Tree Screen

be

in the active

Do This:

the tree and directorv.

two direct.ories are displayed,

RETIJRN

t.he

tree display up or

t.o

view

parts

at

are not shown.

directory.

the desired

bars

·window.

to

the

wit.hout

of

t.he

tree

to

the

to

at

If

You

Have a Mouse

Method:

Click the left mouse a direct.ory name in the tree.

Click the left mouse the scroll bars.

Click the left mouse a window.

To

Remove the Visual Tree Display

I!J

Choose the VISual tion key.

button

Tree

To

on

Change the highlighted directory in the directory displayed in the lower window.

on

Scroll through the tree without changing the highlighted directory.

in

Change the active window.

command again or press the

Screen Colors

Use

the

Screen

t.ones

of your 11S-DOS 11anager screen.

use

Your you haye:

of this option varies according

Colors

command

to

Do This:

t.ree

and change the

F8

func-

change the colors or grey

to

the type of monit.or

Type

of

Monitor:

Color

St.rictly monochrome display

(bla.ck and

shades of grey possible)

Ot.her monochrome display (with shades of grey)

You can select a color 11anager screen.

overla.pping ground combina tions can make

white only with no

Be

careful not

areas

of the screen (such as the foreground and back-

or

the foreground

or

shade for each

and

t.he

'What

Choose any of the available screen colors.

Use (for the best screen appearance

Change your grey shades selecting different colors.

to

select the same color for two

dialog boxes), since certain color

screen ha.rd

You

the

m.ol1ochrome

).

area

of the

to

see.

Can

Do:

setting

1~DOS

by

Screen Colors Default Options

The

Options Menu 61 I

The screen colors are automatically set

default

by

opt£ons

are the screen

area

colors

that

the Manager until you change them.

Once you change the default options and save your changes,

:MS-DOS

then on, :Manager ah\'ays sets your screen colors according options saved in the as before you end your

:Manager creates a new

often as you like.

file:

the

manager.in£

manager.ini

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remember to always save your changes

lv1S-DOS

file.

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can

Manager session.

change your screen

file.

From

t.o

the

The Screen Colors Dialog Box

The

Screen

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Area Background foreground Menu Menu

Text Dialog Dialog

Text

HighLight

MonochrOMe

Return

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Color ()

Blac~(e)

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Blue(1)

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Green(

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Red(4)

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Highlight

<

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The dialog box consists of

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Screen

Area column listing the names of

screen areas

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Color

column listing

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A1onochrome

field

that

monit.or

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H£ghl£ght

color

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<OJG>

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field

that

of

the highlight areas.

field

t.he

available colors

you

use

you

use

t.o

t.he

~1anager's

if you ha

ye

a monochrome

cha.nge the int.ensit.y of the

To

change a screen area color, first choose the screen

want

to

change from the

Color

column and choose the color you want.

Screen

Area column. Then

area

go

About the Highlight Relds

The

Highlight

highlighted areas. These the screen border.

The

Highlight

that

lets you turn the intensity of the color of the highlight areas

on or

off.

For example, if the and the appear as a high-intensity white.

If

You

If

you have a monochrome monitor, mark

You

can disregard the

screen area lets you choose the color of the

areas include the accelerator keys and

field

in

the

Color

column is an "on/off' feature

Highlight

H£ghlight

field

is marked, the highlighted areas

screen area

is

set

Have a Monochrome Monitor

t.he

Highlight

fields.

to

the color white

Alonochrome

To Change Screen Colors

you

to

the

'\\~11

field.

Changing screen colors

[!]

Select the Options menu.

~

Choose the

Screen

III Complete the dialog

You

can

use

the

key

[!]

To

change a screen area color, choose the screen area )10U

want

by

moving the diamond-shaped character beside

area:

Method:

\\ijth the keyboard

\\iith a mouse

Colors

box.

board or a mouse.

command.

\Vhatto Use

Keyboard Press

dialog accelerat.or keys. Then type the accelerator key for the option you want.

Move the cursor area left mouse butt,on.

that

Do:

the arrow keys.

Shortcut

ALT

to

highligh

you want and click the

t.

to

the screen

th,

~

Choose a color for the screen

area

you've chosen:

The

Options Menu

631

Method:

Using the

Using a

[I]

To

change the intensit.y of the highlighted areas,

H£ghlight

the brackets;

key

mouse

either "on" or

Method:

Using the keyboard

Using

a.

mouse

board

to

turn

it

"off."

off,

'What

TAB to the

Then move

shaped

color you

110ve the cursor to the color

you mouse button.

To

remo\'e the

'What

TAB

Press the 110\'e the cursor

Highlight

left mouse button.

to

Do:

Color

column.

the

diamond-

character

want

• Using the arrow keys,

• Pressing the number shown desired color

to

want

and click

t.urn

it

on, make

X:

to

Do:

to

the Highlight field.

SPACERtffi.

field

beside

by

the

right of the

the

turn

an

to

the

and click the

the

or

left

the

X in

[!]

Execut,e The

t.he

}'1S-DOS

dia10g

box.

11anager screen a.ppears again.

[I) Repeat from step 1 until you

c010r

changes you wa.nt.

ha.ve

made

an

the screen

File View Options

Use

the File View

which files you

be

shown.

The

File View Options dialog box looks like this:

Options

want

to view on your screen

command

to

teI111&

DOS

and

how they should

Ivfanager

IIIII!I

Select

Opt

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tory

t~'pe

sorted a'lphabetical1y:

of

extension, by date, or

by

SIze.

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the

files in your current

directory

•

just

the

executable program

(those with

sions

•

just

certain

using a wildcard character;

.ba.t,

the

filename exten-

.com;

and

files

that

.exe)

you select

or

lAM

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•

files

• no files

The

Options Menu

651

D£splay

Format:

The format of your

short

or

long).

file

list (either

Display Formats

The

short

format lists only the filename and extension:

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press

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to

select

at

the bottom of the screen disa.ppears

appears

l:58P

3:4BPM 8:47AM 8:

34PM

the

Menu.

or

use

the

cursor

files

are listed in long format, the horizon-

at

the right side of

t.he

keys

to

screen.

-'P'MO

3:13PM

select a file

a.nd

a verti-

•

To

Set the Rle View Options

Setting your file v iew options

IT]

Select the Options menu.

I!]

Choose the

[!]

Change the Sort the dialog box

You can move between the

using either the keyboard or a mouse:

Method: With a keyboard

File

View

Options

By:,

File

Type:,

to

match the options you want.

fields

"What

TAB

or

~1ove

acter beside by

Keyboard

Pre~

accelerator keys. Then accelerat.or

you want.

'Vi

th

a mouse

Move the diamond-shaped char-

acter beside the option you want and click the left mouse button.

command.

and

Display

and choose your options

to

the

Displa.y

the diamond-shaped char-

using the arrow keys.

Forma.t:

Do:

Sort

By:,

Forma.t:

the option you want

fields of

F£le

field.

Shortcut

ALT

to

highlight the dialog

type the

key

for the option

Type:,

[i] Execute the dialog

box.

Delete Options

Use

the

Delete

• \\11ether Delete

• \\11ether

Confirming Deletions

If

you select the "Confirm File Deletion" option, 11S-DOS

~1anager

directory whenever you

asks you to confirm

Options

to

display a confirmation message when you

command

~1S-DOS

command

~1anager

use

t,he

to

can delete a nonempty direct.ory

that

you want to delete a

Delete

tell

:M...~DOS

command.

l\'fanager

use

tile

the

or

If

you do not select this option, MS-DOS Manager deletes the

or directory without confirmation.

file

The

Options Menu

671

Deleting

If

you select the ''Directory Must

Manager does not allow you

files.

You have

delete the directory.

If

you do not select this option, l\1S-DOS 1\1anager allows you to

delete a directory

is

not empty.

To

Set Delete Options

[!]

Select the Options menu.

lTI

Select the Delete

Empty

Directories

to

delete all files in

'\\~th

Options

files

Be

Empty" option,

to

delete a directory

the

directory before you can

but

first warns you

command.

:MS-DOS

that

the directory

contains

o Complete the dialog box.

You can

With

[1]

~

WIth

I!J

use

eit.her the keyboard or a mouse:

the

Keyboard

TAB

to

t.he

"Confirm File Deletion" or ''Directory 11ust

Empty" To set or clear

field.

a Mouse

110ye

the cursor

want

t.o

choose or clear and press the left mouse button.

an

option; press the

to

the brackets next

SPACEBAR.

to

the option you

Setting your options

Be

delete

E] Execute the dialog box.

Copy

Use

• \\l1ether

• \\7b.ether

Options

t.he

Copy Options

it

can o\,en\Tite

it

should compare the contents of a new copy of a

file

'\\ith the contents of the original

t.he

are

same.

cOll1I11and

a.

to

tel11\1S-DOS 11anager

file

to

verify

that

they

Confirming

If

you set the "Confirm File Over'\\Tite" option, each time you copy a name already exists. your copy operation. This is so you won't accidentally destroy

the contents of a

If

original

file,

you do not

file

Rle

Overw rites

~DOS

set

or directory 'without confirmation.

1v1anager

If

so, the :Manager prompts you

file

or

directory.

this option,

determines whether a

~DOS

:rv1anager

file

by

that

to

confirm

overwrites the

Verifying a Copy Operation

If

you set the "Verify Copy" option,

file

tents of the new

you

use

ever during a copy operation, are working with critical

If

you do not set this option, 11S-DOS 11anager copies the

',ithout

To

Set

the

comparing them.

Copy Options

with the contents of the original one when-

Copy

command. Although

it

is important

data.

~1S-DOS

compares the con-

data

to

verify files when you

is rarely lost

files

Setting your copy options

EJ

Select the Options menu.

[)

Choose the

[II

Complete the dialog box.

You

can

With

[!]

TAB

field.

[]

To

Copy

use

the

Keyboard

to

the "Confirm File Overwrite" or "Verify Copy"

set or clear

OptionS command.

either the keyboard or a mouse.

an

option: press the

'With a Mouse

I!J

To set or clear an option, moye the cursor and click the left mouse

button.

[!] Execute the dialog box.

SPACEBAR..

to

the brackets

Other Options

The

Options Menu

691

Use the

• Select

The

....

Disks:

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Options [ A: J [

EPS PCX SCR

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Options

the

amount of memory used by 11S-DOS 11anager when

an

external program

the

:Manager

Options

7-1-0PT.

HS.CFG

HS.DAT

command

startup

to

options

dialog box looks like this:

SCR

HS.

EXE

Selecting How the Manager Uses Memory

The

first three options on the

choose whether the !\1anager program and Help

your comput.er:s internal memory when you use an external com-

mand.

The

option you choose depends

has

computer commands. or

perform

and the amount of memory required by external

For

example: if you try

another

opera tion t.hat requires a lot of memory

space, such as editing a large document or spreadsheet, you may

~un

out

of active memory if

In

memory.

Select the

"Low"

option

nal commands and applications.

11anager program and Help

computer's on your

memory on demand.

hard

disk, this is done aut.omatically.

Other

t.he

to

leave the most memory free for exter-

file

Options menu allow you

file

are

kept

on

the amount of memory your

t.o

run

an

external program

~·1anager

\\it.h this option set,

are only loaded

If

you have your 11anager files

and Help

into

If

your

file

are

the

~1anager

to

in

fixed

files

are on a floppy disk,

MS-

DOS Manager disk.

Select the "Medium" option computer's memory. The Help Help (by pressing

the Manager prompts you

Selecting the ''High" option leaves the least amount of memory

available for external commands and applications. This option keeps both the Manager program and Help computer's memory.

If

you are running MS-DOS Manager on a hard disk, you should choose the first option. you probably should choose either the second or third option, depending on how much memory your external programs require and how often you use the Help

If

you run clear the option and set the first option. The 1\1anager will unload the Help mand.

out

FI). H your Manager files

of memory

files

the

Manager prompts you

to

keep the

file

to

insert your

~1anager

is loaded whenever you ask for

are

:MS-DOS

file

to

insert your

program in the

on a floppy disk,

Manager disk.

in your

H your Manager files are on a floppy disk,

file.

'\\~th

the second or third opt.ion

from memory

to

make room for

t.he

set.,

com-

Selecting Startup Options

If

you want 1\l$.OOS Manager

startup,

this option, you can still get Help function key.

If

automatically

Down" option.

from the also displayed after any external command

select the ''Help Displayed" option. If you do not select

you want

1\15-OOS

at

\~7jth

1\·1anager

~1anager

startup,

this option set, you can

with one keystroke. The Applications menu is

to

provide help automat.ically

at

any time

to

display the Applications menu

select the ".Applications

by

start

is

complet.ed.

at

pressing the FI

}\'1enu

Pulled

an application

Setting options

your

help

To

Set Other Options

[!]

Select.

the Options menu.

o Choose the

Other

Options

o Complete the dialog box.

You

can use either the keyboard or a mouse:

command.

With

the

Keyboard

El

Select one of the first three options using Press

RETURN

II]

TAB

to

[!]

Down"

To

set

the ''Help Displayed"

field.

or clear

an

option, press the

or

"Applications

the

SPACEBAR.

arrow keys.

Iv1enu

Pulled

The

Options Menu 71 I

With

a Mouse

l!J

To

set

or clear

parentheses or brackets

an

option, move the cursor to

and

click the left mouse

the

button.

E] Execute the dialog box.

Date/Time

Use the on entered and displayed in the est.ablished format for your country.

To

El

II]

(l]

Date/Time

your computer. Note

Set

the Date and

Select the Options menu. Select the

11S-DOS 11anager displays

To

change the date, type a new

format:

mm-dd-yy

Date/Time

command

that

lime

command.

t.o

set

the

current

the

11S-DOS :Manager time is

the

current

date

in the

date

and

Date:

and

time

time settings.

field, in this

Setting and

time

the

date

where the last two numbers in the year.

o

To mat:

hh:mm

where

mm

is

the month;

set a ne\y time, type the time in the

AM

or

hh:mm

hh

is

t.he

hour and mm is the minutes

dd

PM

m Execute the dialog box.

is

the

day of the month,

T£me:

field in this for-

past

the

and

hour.

yy is

Save Options

Use

the Save

options and options you turn off your computer, :Manager.

Options

to

the

in

the computer's memory, your changes will

command

list of applications.

To Save Options

Saving your options III Select the Options menu.

[]

Select the

Save

Options

m Execute the dialog box.

to

save your changes

If

you do

rebOOt,

command from the Options menu.

or permanently exit MS-DOS

not

to

the

save the

be

lost.when

MS-DOS 11anager saves your changes you do not have a hard disk or disk,

11S-DOS asks you

to

if

insert the 11S-DOS 11anager disk.

this

to

your

manager.

file

is not on your hard

ini

file.

Modify Application List

Use

the Modify

• Add new applications

• Edit, delete, or change the order of programs in your applications list

If

you want you must copy the program can add t.hat application you run an applicat.ion from the Applications

files

gram to

find

mation: see Appendix

11S-

DOS 11anager."

Specifying Filename Extensions

\\'hen you use the Modify edit

an

application, you can specify one or more filename exten-

sions

to

be

select a

file,

Application

to

execute

must

be

located where you tell

them or the application

associated with the application. Then when you

the 1·1anager automatically

List

command

to

your applications list

an

application from your hard disk;

files

to the hard disk before you

to

the applications list. \Vhenever

\\~ll

B,

"Using Application Programs

Application

to

n1enu,

11.S-DOS

not run. For more infor-

List

command

the pro-

11anager

to

,\ith

add or

If

•

Starts sion, and

• Loads the

Some applications automatically add a certain filename extension

to

new you name the extension and BASIC adds the . extensions should be entered in the Extensions List in the Modify

the application

file

you selected

data

files

unl~

files.

Application

that

corresponds

you specify a different extension when

For example, :Microsoft Word adds the .

bas

extension. These filename

List

dialog box.

to

the filename exten-

doc

The Application List Order

The

Options Menu

731

The order of your applications tant.

If

you

run a

file

with an extension

than

one application,

in

tion For example,

your application list and

.itr for both.

it

11S-DOS 11anager would open l¥ordstar and display the

The best thing toward the beginning of the list.

the list with

assume

Assun1e

appears above

to

11S-DOS

that

also

Hlord

in

do is to put the applications you use most often

in

the application list is impor-

that

belongs

11anager selects the first applica-

filename extension.

you

that

t.he

you

list.

have both

have specified the extension

you entered

If

WordStar®

11'ordstar

you ran the

file

to

and

first, so

bank.ltr,

Saving Your Changes

You must always save changes

wise,

they will

save your changes

•

By

using the

(see

Chapt.er

•

By

indicating <Yes>

you

exit

be

lost when you exit

in

one of two ways:

Save

Options

8,

"The Options

}'1S-

DOS l\1anager

to

your Applications

},,1S-DOS

eommand in the Options menu

~1enu':)

in

the dialog

box

11anager. You can

that

appears when

list.;

To Modify the Application List

more

H'ord

file.

other-

in

that

Ways

to

changes

save your

E] Select the Options menu.

o Choose the

Options menu.

11S-

DOS 11anager displays a dialog box with a list of the current application programs and a list of the modifications you

can make:

Modify

Application

List

command from the

Modifying

application

your

list

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nl"r

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ch"nql",

Follow

EPS

PCX

rtnd

prl".,-

the steps

Rpturn

for

box:

• Adding an application

• Editing an application

• Deleting an applicat.ion

•

\\Then

1\10ying 1\1oying

you

an application an application

select

iiAcl(r~

or

prp'.s

one

of

t.he

t.o t.o

or "Edit,

£,-c

to

cr.nceJ

operaTions listed

the beginning

the

end

of

the

,;

you

see a new

of

the list

list

dialog

in

the dialog

box:

See

the sections on "Adding Applications" and on "Editing Appli-

cations" below for information on how

Adding Applications

ill

Select Add in the "Modify Applications List" dialog box:

to

use this dialog box.

The

Options Menu

751

Method:

"lith

the keyboard

"li

th

a mouse

The

"Addjl\1odify" dialog box appears.

~

In the you in the name

If

specify a different highlighted

To

l!J

For example, applications list, you need one of them, since they both begin with the

specify the

m In the

use

1\1S-DOS

name.

[!]

Type any parameters or

For an explanation of parameters

B, learn application, refer

If

files that

selected

A1enu

Text:

field,

want

it

t.o

appear

will

there is already an application beginning 'with

in

be

the highlighted letter in the menu.

Specify a Highlighted

Type a tilde

highlighted.

Path

to

start

path, type a drive lett.er, directory, and program

"'Using Application Programs with

what

you type a caret (")

selected when the application is

point in the command.

files

C)

before the letter

if

you have both

Sin

H'ordStar,

J\T

:

field,

ame

t.he

application.

paramet.ers and switches you can

t.o

the user's guide for that. application.

v.~th

are added to the end of the command.

What

TAB

to

pres:;

:RETURN.

Move the cursor field

and

button.

type the name of the application as

the droJrdown menu. The first let.ter

lett~r.

Letter

H'ord

to

specify a highlighted letter for

for example,

type

t.he

comn1and

If

the application is not

sw£tches

in the Parameters field.

and

other paramet,ers in this field, any

If

you do not use a

to

Do:

the

<AdD

click the left mouse

that

you

and

H'ordStar

by

stuitches,

1\1S-DOS

started

field

to

the

that

want

in your

letter

typing

that

HI:

H'ord

you normally

see .Appendix

1\1anager."

use

with an

are inserted

caret

and

<Add>

letter,

You can

-Star.

in

your

To

at

C),

any

You can also type a question mark

this

field.

Then, when you appears tion mark. You can edit these parameters before the application

o

If

DOS :Manager changes

ning the application.

[!]

To

these steps:

that

displays any parameters typed after the

is

started.

you specify a directory in the Initial Directory field,

specify a filename extension for

chOC\Se

to

the specified directory before run-

(1)

as the first character in

an

application, a

an

application, follow

di~log

box

que&

MS-

III 110ve

[il

to

the <Add Extension>

The Add Extension dialog box appears. In the

the application Remember

up

New

Extension:

to

that

to

three characters.

field, type the extension you

use.

extensions consist of a period followed by

field.

m Execute the Add Extension dialog box.

[!]

To steps:

III 110ve

[il

Add~1odify

The

specify an accelerator key for an application, follow these

t.o

the

Type the function key number you application. (Depending on your computer, you may have anywhere from

dialog

SHIFT

10

box

appears again.

+F/O

..

.J

field.

to

16

function keys labeled

want

o Set the "Close \Vindow" option if you want

return tion. message

[i] Set the "llse Selected File" option if you

open any selected

the Applications menu.

EQ]

Execut.e the The Applications List dialog

[il

Perform another Modify cute the dialog

~

Save your changes.

to

the 11anager when you are done with an applica-

If

you do not set this option, a

is

displayed.

files

when the application

Add~1odify

box.

dialog

box

Application

Press

want

box.

appears.

List

to

assign

FI,

to

automatically

any

key

to

the 11anager

is

started

operation or

want

to

this

F2, etc.)

con.f1"nue

to

from

exe-

Editing Applications

III

Select Edit

in

the

Modify

Application

List

dialog

box:

The

Options Menu

771

Method:

With the keyboard

\\ljt.h a mouse

Addfl\1odify dialog box appears.

The

o

lvfake

any modifications you want. You can

• Modify the menu text on the drop-down menu

• Modify the pathname

program

• 110dify the para,meters ated ,vith the application.

• 110dify the accelerator key associated 'with the application.

• Change the "Close options.

• 110dify the extensions if you want

filename extension for the application.

files

to

a different directory

\\~ndow"

What

TAB

pre$

Move the cursor

field button. the name of the application and double click the left mouse button.

if

you want

if

you want to move the application

or

initial directory

to

Do:

to

the <Edit>

RETURN.

to

and click the left mouse

Or) move the cursor

to

change

and ''Use Selected File"

to

add or delete a

what

that

field

and

the <Edit>

to

appears

is associ-

ill

Execute the dialog box. The Applications

[!)

Perform another cute the dialog

List dialog box appears.

Modify

box.

Application

List

operation or

m Save your changes.

Deleting Applications

III

Select Modify

If

the list using the scroll bar.

t.he

name of the application you

Application

you haye a long list of applications: you can scroll through

List

dialog

box.

want

to

delete

in

exe-

the

Ii] Select the <Delete> field:

Method:

With the keyboard

With a mouse

115-OOS :Manager erases the name of the application from

the application list.

o Perform another Modify

cute the dialog box.

E1

Sa.ve

your changes.

Moving

You can change select.ed

example, you may used application

To the Beginning of the List

II]

Ii] Select

Applications

the

order of your Applications Menu

applications

Select the application you

Application

t.he

<To

to

the beginning or end of the list. For

find

it

convenient

at

the top of the list.

List

dialog box.

Begirt>

"What

TAB

to

press

Iv10ve

mouse button.

Application

to

want

to

field:

to

Do:

the

RETURN.

the cursor

List

have the most frequently

move in the Modify

to

the

field

and click the left

operation or

by

field

moving

and

exe-

Method:

\Vith the keyboard

\\~

th a mouse

11S-

DOS 11anager moves the application

the list.

o Perform another Modify

cute the dialog box.

GJ

Save your cha.nges.

"What

TAB

and press

110ve the cursor

Beg£n>

mouse button.

to

the <To

field

Application

Do:

Begin>

HETURN.

to

the <To

and click the left

t.o

the beginning of

List

operation or

field

exe-

To

the

End

of

the

List

II]

Select the application you

Application

List

dialog box.

[i] Select the <To End>

field:

want

to

move

in

the Modify

The

Options Menu

791

Method:

\\7ith the key board

\\7i

th a mouse

1~

DOS 11anager moves the application

list.

'What

TAB

press

Move the cursor

End>

mouse button.

to

the <To End> field and

RETURN.

field

m Perform another Modify Application

cute the dialog box.

II]

Saye your changes.

Do:

to

the <To

and click the left

to

the end of the

List

operation or

exe-

9 The Disk Menu

\\lith the Disk menu, you Use

this menu

• Create and change directories.

• Find

• Format a

• Prepare a disk

• Copy a disk.

• Name a disk volume.

There are three general

Disk menu commands:

IT]

Select the Disk menu.

drop-down menu appears.

A

[]

Choose the command you want.

[I]

If

a dialog box appears;

dialog

If

you

need more specific information about how

of these \Vhen you select,

ing the Disk menu commands:

to

out

how much free space is

data

disk.

t.o

box.

st·eps;

see

Chapter

t.he

can

work with directories

use

as

a bootable systen1 disk.

steps

to

enter

6,

"Steps for Executing Commands.';

Disk menu; a drop-down menu

and

disks.

on

a disk (or disk drive).

perform when you use any

information and execute

t.o

perform any

appears

of

the

list-

the

How

to

execute

commands

Pathnames for new directories

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Create Directory

Use

the

Create

Unless you specify a pathname for the new directory, the direc-

tory you create will become a subdirect.ory tory. For example, if the current directory and the directory you create is directory is

Directory

command

to

make a new directory.

in

the current direc-

is

letters in drive B

financl, the pat.hname for the new

b:\letters\financl

If

you want the current one; drive and

A and you

t.o

creat,e

a.

su bdirectory in a directory other

on

a different drive; you must specify a disk

a directory. For instance, if your current drive

want

to

create the directory

mouse

c:\mouse

11S-DOS creates the

root directory

on

Examples of Using

m.ouse

drive

directory as a subdirectory of the

C.

Create

~

Directory

The following table shows you some examples the syntax for crea.ting directories.

on

drive

..

to

help you ",ith

than

C;

is

type

drive

The

Disk

Menu

831

And

you

enter

this

to

create

If

you

are

here:

B:\letters

B:\

B:\letters

k\

To

Create a Directory

[!]

Select

II]

Choose

[I]

Type the name

Create

If you than

[!]

Execute the dialog box.

If

the new directory is a subdirectory of your

the new directory name

on your screen.

If

your screen is split,

either directory.

the

Disk menu.

the

Create

Directory: line.

want

your

current

a

directory:

~financl

financl financl

B:\/ette7·s

Directory

of

Lhe

t.he

directory

one, be sure

the

command.

directory you wan t

to

be

created

to

specify

appears

new directory name

in the list of files

Your

new

directory's

pathname

B:\financl

B:\

I etters\financl

B:\/ette7·s

Lo

create

in

a directory

the

pathname.

current

and

can

appear

would

on the

other

directory,

directories

in

be:

Creating a directory

Change Directory

Use

the

Change

directory your screen.

You may need

tories.

another

the

in

you

to

enter

c:\budget

and

For

drive, you nHlst specify the disk drive

patlmame. Let.'s say your current, drive is drive

want

to

this

Directory

to

display

to

spec-ify a pathname

example, if you

change

pathname:

to

the

t.he

command to change the cont.ents

want

budget

of

the new directory on

when you change direc-

to

change

directory on drive C. You need

to

a directory on

and

current

the

directory

A,

and

Examples

The

following

the

If

syntax

you

for changing directories.

are

of

Using Change

table

shows you some examples

And

directory's

here:

pathname

your

Directory

new

is

this:

to

help you with

You

would enter to

this

change:

Changing

directory

a

B:\lette1's

B\

B:\letters

A\

To Change

[1]

Select

~

Choose.the

[II

Type Make

E] Execute

MS-DOS current

To

learn

"Files

the

the name

sure

the

Manager

directory.

about

and

Directories,"

Disk Info

B:\financl B:\financl

B\

B:\/ette7's

the

Directory

Disk menu.

Change

of

the new directory on the Change

to

specify a

dialog box.

displays a

other

ways

Ie

tters\jinanrl

Directory

path

to

or

refer

command.

name if you need one.

list.

of

change directories, see

to

the

\finanel

financl financl

B\/eUers

the

files in

A1S-DOS

the

User's

To:

line.

new

Chapter

Gu£de.

3,

Use the space on the selected disk drive memory.

Disk

Info

command

to

display information

and

in

your

computer's

about

internal

free

To

Get Disk Information

[1]

Select the Disk menu.

[]

Choose the Disk Info command.

MS-DOS Manager displays the amount of free disk space and

amount

the

[!]

Execute the dialog box. The

MS-DOS Manager screen appears.

of available system memory.

Format Data Disk

Use

the

Format

for your

has a different capacity example, you can format a

drive

Note

mat

files. command.

data

or

format a 720 kilobyte disk in

that

you

Data

To

format a bootable disk, use the

Data

Disk command

files.

You can format a dala disk for a drive that,

than

your computer's disk drive. For

360 kilobyte disk

cannot

boot the

data

to

prepare a disk to

in

1.44

megabyte drive.

disks you create with

Disk since they will not contain the

Make

a 1.2 megabyt.e

:MS-DOS

System

Disk

use

For-

system

Tile

Disk

Getting disk information

Menu

8S\

To

Format a Data Disk

[il

Make sure

format.exe

have a

[]

Select the Disk menu.

II] Choose the

1f

you have

but

not on a ftoppy disk, the MS-DOS disk

GJ

Select the name

the new disk:

that

you have the MS-DOS

command either

hard

drive) or on your 11S-DOS floppy disk.

Format

format.com

in

your MS-DOS

in

drive

of

format.com

in

your MS-DOS

Data

Disk command.

or

format.exe

path,

or

if you have the command

Jv1anager prompts you

A.

the disk drive where you want. to format

on a

to

or

path

(if you

hard

disk drive

insert your

Formatting a disk

Method:

What

to

Do:

'\lith

the keyboard

'\lith

a mouse

ill

Select the disk capacity of the disk you are formatting if not the same as the disk drive's default capacity:

Method: '\lith

the keyboard

,\~

th

a mouse

o Insert a blank

If

the disk is not blank, make sure it does not contain any

files

you

contents.

[1]

Execute the dialog

11S-DOS 11anager begins formatting the disk

drive.

[!]

Follow the instructions YVhen

you

[2J

To cedure,

EQJ

Press

11.~DOS

the procedure

want

format another disk, press

press

RETURN.

floppy

want

to

format another disk.

N.

11anager returns

disk

keep, since formatting the disk erases its

box.

is

Highlight the disk drive

the arrow keys. Press

Move

the cursor

drive and click the left mouse

button once.

What

Select the disk capacity

the arrow keys. Press

Move

capacity and click the left

mouse button once.

in

the selected disk drive.

on

your screen.

complete,

to

the screen.

to

Do:

the cursor

11S-DOS

Y.

To quit the formatting pro-

11anager asks if

to

in

the selected

by

RETURN.

the disk

by

RETURN.

the disk

using

it

is

using

Make System Disk

Use

the

~ke

system disk in the select,ed disk drive. The system

ing a bootable disk are loaded from the current

format a system disk for a drive

than your comput,er's disk

System

Disk

command

that

drive. For example, you can format a

to

prepare a bootable

drive.

has a different capacity

files

for mak-

You

can

The

Disk

Menu

871

360 kilobyte disk byte disk in a 1.44 megabyte drive.

To

Make a System Disk

[il

:Make

sure command either in yout disk) or on your

[)

Select the Disk menu.

m Choose the

If

your current drive does not contain the system

11anager prompts you

A.

drive

in

a 1.2 megabyte drive

that

you have the

:MS-DOS

115-

DOS floppy disk.

Make

System

to

or

format.com

path

(if

Disk

command.

insert a bootable

format a 720

you have a

o Select the name of the disk drive where you

system disk:

Method:

\\~th

the keyboard

\\1th

a mouse

'What Highlight the disk drive by using

the arrow keys.

110ye

drive and click the left mouse button

to

Do:

t.he

cursor to the disk

once.

or

format.exe

files,

:MS-DOS

want

to

Press

kil~

hard

the

disk in

make the

RETURN.

Making a system disk

[i]

Select. not the same as the disk drive's default capacity:

Method: \Vith the keyboard

\Vith

the disk capacity of the disk you

'\\7bat

Select the disk capacity the arro\'v keys. Press

a mouse

110ye the cursor

capa.city and click the left mouse

are

to

Do:

button

formatting if

once.

[!] Insert a floppy disk into the selected disk drive.

not

bla.nk;

keep, since

o Execute the

make sure

11ake

dia.log

System

box.

it

does not contain any files you

Disk

erases its contents.

to

the disk

If

by

RETUHN.

the disk

want

it

is

using

is

to

[!]

Follow the instructions :MS-DOS

tem When the procedure is complete,

you

[!]

To cedure, press

Em

Press 115-

11anager first formats the disk, then copies the sys-

files

to

the disk

want

to make another system disk.

make another disk, press

N.

RETURN.

DOS 11anager screen returns.

to

that

make

appear on your screen.

it

bootable.

:MS-DOS

Y.

To

quit the formatting pro-

11anager asks if

Copying a disk

Copy

Use disk from the select.ed disk drive (the disk

To

EJ

Disk

the

Copy

in

another drive (the

Copy a Disk

l\1ake sure command either in your disk) or on your

Disk command

t.hat.

you have the

:MS-DOS

to

copy the contents of a floppy

dest£nation

format.com

:MS-DOS

floppy disk.

source

or

path

drive)

target

drive).

or format.exe

(if you have a hard

to

a floppy

o Select the Disk menu.

m Choose the

Copy

Disk command.

o Select the name of the source drive (the disk drive you want

t.o

copy from) and the destination drive (the disk drive you

want

to

copy to):

Method:

\Vit.h

the keyboard

'Vhat

Highlight the source' drive you want

TAB

column. Highlight the destination drive

you

keys again.

to

Do:

by

using the arrow keys.

to

the

Dest£nat£on

want

by using the arrow

Drz've:

The

Disk Menu

89\

With a mouse

(I] Insert the floppy disk you

and

another disk

If

the disk in the doesn't contain any first formats the disk in the destination drive, so any previously stored

II]

Execute the dialog box.

11S-

DOS Manager copies the

drive

to

the disk

in

the destination drive.

target

files

on

that

in

the destination drive.

Move the cursor drive you want and click the left mouse button once.

Move the cursor tion drive you want and click the left mouse button once again.

want

to

copy in the source drive

drive

is

not blank, make sure

you

want

to

keep. 11S-DOS Manager

disk

is

erased.

file

on

the disk in the source

Set Volume Name

Use

the

Set

Volume

volume name or label assigned

if disk drive B contains correspondence driye letters.

Name

command

to

display or change the

the current driye. For example,

files,

you could name the

to

the source

to

the destina-

it

data

To

Set the Volume Name

EJ

Select. the disk drive you want

[]

Select the Disk

ill

Choose the

[!]

Type a

volull1e

ll1enu.

Set

Volume

name in the Volume

(I] Execute the dialog box.

Name

to

name.

command.

IVame:

field.

Setting name

the

volume

1 0 The Applications Menu

With the Applications menu, you can run your applications from within on your applications list.

There are two general steps cations menu:

[1]

o Select the application you

:MS-DOS

:Mana.ger.

Use

this menu

to

Select the Applications menu.

A drop-down menu appears.

want

to

start

an

application

perform when you use the Appli-

to

run.

you need more specific information about how

If of these steps, see Chapter

\\Then

you select the Applications menu, a drop-down menu

6,

"Steps for Executing Conunands."

to

perform any

How

to

execute

commands

appears listing the applications you have installed:

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