GS-4024
Ethernet Switch
User’s Guide
Version 3.60
4/2005
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Copyright
Copyright © 2005 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a
retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software
described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others.
ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This
publication is subject to change without notice.
Copyright 1
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Interference Statements and
Warnings
FCC Statement
This switch complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1 This switch may not cause harmful interference.
2 This switch must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operations.
FCC Warning
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital switch, pursuant
to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause
harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
CE Mark Warning:
This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which
case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
Taiwanese BSMI (Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection) A Warning:
Notice 1
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the
user's authority to operate the equipment.
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
Certifications
1 Go to www.zyxel.com
2 Interference Statements and Warnings
GS-4024 User’s Guide
2 Select your product from the drop-down list box on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's
page.
3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page.
Registration
Register your product online for free future product updates and information at www.zyxel.com for global
products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
Safety Warnings
For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• To reduce the risk of fire, use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger telecommunication
line cord.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high
voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel can service the device. Please contact
your vendor for further information.
• Use ONLY the dedicated power supply for your device. Connect the power cord or power adaptor to
the right supply voltage (110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT use the device if the power supply is damaged as it might cause electrocution.
• If the power supply is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power supply. Contact your local vendor to order a new power supply.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them. Do NOT
allow anything to rest on the power cord and do NOT locate the product where anyone can walk on
the power cord.
• If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical, gas or water pipes will be damaged.
• Do NOT install nor use your device during a thunderstorm. There may be a remote risk of electric
shock from lightning.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
Interference Statements and Warnings 3
GS-4024 User’s Guide
ZyXEL Limited Warranty
ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials
or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and
upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or
materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without
charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or
components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured
functionally equivalent product of equal value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This
warranty shall not apply if the product is modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or
subjected to abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This
warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of
merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for
indirect or consequential damages of any kind of character to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material
Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit
be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated
warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts
and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address,
Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary
from country to country.
4 ZyXEL Limited Warranty
Customer Support
Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support.
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
GS-4024 User’s Guide
METHOD
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Customer Support 5
GS-4024 User’s Guide
METHOD
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6 Customer Support
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Copyright .................................................................................................................. 1
Interference Statements and Warnings.................................................................. 2
ZyXEL Limited Warranty ......................................................................................... 4
Customer Support ................................................................................................... 5
Table of Contents ..................................................................................................... 7
List of Figures ........................................................................................................ 19
List of Tables .......................................................................................................... 25
Preface.................................................................................................................... 29
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch................................................................................ 31
1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 31
1.2 Software Features ............................................................................................. 31
1.3 Hardware Features ............................................................................................ 34
1.4 Applications ....................................................................................................... 35
1.4.1 Backbone Application ............................................................................... 35
1.4.2 Bridging Example ..................................................................................... 35
1.4.3 High Performance Switching Example ..................................................... 36
1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples .............................................. 36
1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example ............................................................. 37
1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example ....................................................... 37
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection ................................................................ 39
2.1 Freestanding Installation ................................................................................... 39
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ........................................................................ 40
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements ................................................ 40
2.2.1.1 Precautions .................................................................................... 40
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch ........................................ 40
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ................................................................ 40
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview................................................................................................ 43
3.1 Front Panel Connection .................................................................................... 43
Table of Contents 7
GS-4024 User’s Guide
3.1.1 Console Port ........................................................................................... 43
3.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Ports ............................................................................. 44
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings ................................................................ 44
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots ....................................................................................... 44
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation ................................................................ 44
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal ................................................................... 45
3.2 Rear Panel ........................................................................................................ 46
3.2.1 Power Connector ..................................................................................... 46
3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector ............................................. 47
3.3 Front Panel LEDs .......................................................................................... 47
3.4 Accessing the Switch ........................................................................................ 48
Chapter 4
The Web Configurator ........................................................................................... 49
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 49
4.2 System Login .................................................................................................. 49
4.3 The Status Screen ........................................................................................ 50
4.3.1 Change Your Password ........................................................................ 54
4.4 Switch Lockout ................................................................................................ 54
4.5 Resetting the Switch ....................................................................................... 55
4.5.1 Reload the Configuration File ................................................................. 55
4.6 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ............................................................... 56
4.7 Help ................................................................................................................. 56
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example............................................................................................. 57
5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 57
5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface ...................................................................... 57
5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings .......................................................... 58
5.1.3 Creating a VLAN ...................................................................................... 59
5.1.4 Setting Port VID ....................................................................................... 60
5.1.5 Enabling RIP ............................................................................................ 61
Chapter 6
System Status and Port Statistics........................................................................ 63
6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 63
6.2 Port Status Summary ...................................................................................... 63
6.2.1 Port Details ............................................................................................. 64
Chapter 7
Basic Setting ......................................................................................................... 69
7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 69
7.2 System Information ........................................................................................... 69
8 Table of Contents
GS-4024 User’s Guide
7.3 General Setup ................................................................................................. 71
7.4 Introduction to VLANs ...................................................................................... 73
7.5 IGMP Snooping ................................................................................................ 74
7.6 Switch Setup Screen ........................................................................................ 74
7.7 IP Setup ............................................................................................................ 76
7.7.1 IP Interfaces ............................................................................................ 76
7.8 Port Setup ......................................................................................................... 78
Chapter 8
VLAN ....................................................................................................................... 81
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN .................................................... 81
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames ............................................. 81
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration .......................................................................... 82
8.2.1 GARP ...................................................................................................... 82
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers ................................................................................. 82
8.2.2 GVRP ....................................................................................................... 82
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking ......................................................................................... 83
8.4 Selecting the VLAN Type .................................................................................. 83
8.5 Static VLAN ....................................................................................................... 84
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status ................................................................................... 84
8.5.2 Configure a Static VLAN ........................................................................ 85
8.5.3 Configure VLAN Port Settings ................................................................. 86
8.6 Port-based VLANs ........................................................................................... 88
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN .................................................................. 88
Chapter 9
Static MAC Forward Setup.................................................................................... 93
9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 93
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ................................................................ 93
Chapter 10
Filtering................................................................................................................... 95
10.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 95
10.2 Configure a Filtering Rule ............................................................................... 95
Chapter 11
Spanning Tree Protocol......................................................................................... 97
11.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 97
11.1.1 STP Terminology ................................................................................... 97
11.1.2 How STP Works .................................................................................... 98
11.1.3 STP Port States ..................................................................................... 98
11.2 STP Status ..................................................................................................... 98
11.2.1 Configure STP ..................................................................................... 100
Table of Contents 9
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Chapter 12
Bandwidth Control............................................................................................... 103
12.1 Configuring .................................................................................................... 103
Chapter 13
Broadcast Storm Control .................................................................................... 105
13.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 105
13.2 Broadcast Storm Control Setup ..................................................................... 105
Chapter 14
Mirroring ............................................................................................................... 107
14.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 107
14.2 Port Mirroring Configuration .......................................................................... 107
Chapter 15
Link Aggregation ................................................................................................. 109
15.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 109
15.1.1 Dynamic Link Aggregation ................................................................. 109
15.1.2 Link Aggregation ID ............................................................................. 110
15.2 Link Aggregation Status ................................................................................ 110
15.3 Link Aggregation Setup .................................................................................111
Chapter 16
Port Authentication...............................................................................................115
16.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 115
16.1.1 RADIUS ............................................................................................... 115
16.2 Configure Port Authentication ........................................................................ 115
16.2.1 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security ........................................................... 116
16.2.2 Configuring RADIUS Server Settings ................................................. 117
Chapter 17
Port Security..........................................................................................................119
17.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 119
17.2 Port Security Setup ........................................................................................ 119
Chapter 18
Classifier............................................................................................................... 121
18.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 121
18.2 Configuring the Classifier .............................................................................. 121
18.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration ................................................ 124
18.4 Classifier Example ......................................................................................... 125
10 Table of Contents
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Chapter 19
Policy Rule........................................................................................................... 127
19.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 127
19.1.1 DiffServ ............................................................................................... 127
19.1.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior .............................................................. 127
19.2 Configuring Policy Rules ............................................................................... 127
19.3 Viewing and Editing Policy Configuration ...................................................... 130
19.4 Policy Example .............................................................................................. 131
Chapter 20
Queuing Method................................................................................................... 133
20.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 133
20.1.1 Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) .............................................................. 133
20.1.2 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ......................................... 134
20.2 Configuring Queuing ..................................................................................... 134
Chapter 21
VLAN Stacking ..................................................................................................... 137
21.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 137
21.1.1 VLAN Stacking Example ...................................................................... 137
21.2 VLAN Stacking Port Roles ............................................................................. 138
21.3 VLAN Tag Format .......................................................................................... 138
21.3.1 Frame Format ...................................................................................... 139
21.4 Configuring VLAN Stacking ........................................................................... 140
Chapter 22
Static Route .......................................................................................................... 143
22.1 Configuring .................................................................................................. 143
Chapter 23
RIP ........................................................................................................................ 145
23.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 145
23.2 Configuring .................................................................................................. 145
Chapter 24
OSPF ..................................................................................................................... 147
24.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 147
24.1.1 OSPF Autonomous Systems and Areas .............................................. 147
24.1.2 How OSPF Works ................................................................................ 148
24.1.3 Interfaces and Virtual Links .................................................................. 148
24.1.4 Configuring OSPF ............................................................................... 148
24.2 OSPF Status ................................................................................................ 149
24.3 Enabling OSPF and General Settings .......................................................... 150
Table of Contents 11
GS-4024 User’s Guide
24.4 Configuring OSPF Areas .............................................................................. 152
24.4.1 Viewing OSPF Area Information Table ................................................. 153
24.5 Configuring OSPF Interfaces ....................................................................... 154
24.6 OSPF Virtual Links ...................................................................................... 155
Chapter 25
IGMP...................................................................................................................... 157
25.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 157
25.2 Configuring .................................................................................................. 157
Chapter 26
DVMRP .................................................................................................................. 159
26.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 159
26.2 How DVMRP Works ...................................................................................... 159
26.2.1 DVMRP Terminology ........................................................................... 160
26.3 Configuring DVMRP ..................................................................................... 160
26.3.1 DVMRP Configuration Error Messages .............................................. 161
26.4 Default DVMRP Timer Values ...................................................................... 162
Chapter 27
IP Multicast ........................................................................................................... 163
27.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 163
27.2 Configuring .................................................................................................... 163
Chapter 28
Differentiated Services........................................................................................ 165
28.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 165
28.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior .............................................................. 165
28.1.2 DiffServ Network Example .................................................................. 165
28.2 Activating DiffServ ........................................................................................ 166
28.3 DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p Priority Mapping ...................................................... 167
28.3.1 Configuring DSCP Settings .................................................................. 167
Chapter 29
DHCP..................................................................................................................... 169
29.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 169
29.1.1 DHCP modes ...................................................................................... 169
29.1.2 DHCP Relay Agent Information ........................................................... 169
29.2 DHCP Server Status ...................................................................................... 170
29.3 Configuring DHCP Server ........................................................................... 170
29.3.1 DHCP Server Configuration Example .................................................. 172
29.4 Configuring DHCP Relay ............................................................................... 172
29.4.1 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ................................................... 173
12 Table of Contents
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Chapter 30
VRRP ..................................................................................................................... 175
30.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 175
30.2 Viewing VRRP Status .................................................................................. 176
30.3 Configuring VRRP ......................................................................................... 177
30.3.1 IP Interface Setup ............................................................................... 177
30.3.2 VRRP Parameters ............................................................................... 178
30.3.2.1 Advertisement Interval ............................................................... 178
30.3.2.2 Priority ....................................................................................... 178
30.3.2.3 Preempt Mode ........................................................................... 178
30.3.3 Configuring VRRP Parameters ............................................................ 179
30.4 VRRP Configuration Summary ...................................................................... 180
30.5 VRRP Configuration Examples .................................................................... 180
30.5.1 One Subnet Network Example ............................................................ 180
30.5.2 Two Subnets Example ........................................................................ 182
Chapter 31
Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 185
31.1 The Maintenance Screen .............................................................................. 185
31.2 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................ 185
31.3 Restore a Configuration File ......................................................................... 186
31.4 Backing Up a Configuration File ................................................................... 186
31.5 Load Factory Defaults .................................................................................. 187
31.6 Reboot System .............................................................................................. 187
31.7 FTP Command Line ...................................................................................... 188
31.7.1 Filename Conventions ........................................................................ 188
31.7.1.1 Example FTP Commands .......................................................... 188
31.7.2 FTP Command Line Procedure .......................................................... 189
31.7.3 GUI-based FTP Clients ........................................................................ 189
31.7.4 FTP over WAN Restrictions ................................................................ 190
Chapter 32
Access Control..................................................................................................... 191
32.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 191
32.2 The Access Control Main Screen .................................................................. 191
32.3 About SNMP ................................................................................................. 192
32.3.1 Supported MIBs ................................................................................. 193
32.3.2 SNMP Traps ....................................................................................... 193
32.3.3 Configuring SNMP .............................................................................. 194
32.3.4 Setting Up Login Accounts ................................................................. 194
32.4 SSH Overview ............................................................................................... 195
32.5 How SSH works ............................................................................................. 196
32.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch ............................................................... 197
Table of Contents 13
GS-4024 User’s Guide
32.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH ............................................................... 197
32.7 Introduction to HTTPS ................................................................................... 197
32.8 HTTPS Example ............................................................................................ 198
32.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ................................................... 198
32.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages .............................................. 199
32.8.3 The Main Screen .................................................................................. 200
32.9 Service Port Access Control ........................................................................ 202
32.10 Remote Management ................................................................................ 202
Chapter 33
Diagnostic............................................................................................................. 205
33.1 Diagnostic ..................................................................................................... 205
Chapter 34
Cluster Management............................................................................................ 207
34.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 207
34.2 Cluster Management Status ......................................................................... 208
34.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ................................................. 209
34.2.1.1 Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch .................... 209
34.3 Configuring Cluster Management ................................................................. 210
Chapter 35
MAC Table............................................................................................................. 213
35.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 213
35.2 Viewing the MAC Table ................................................................................. 214
Chapter 36
IP Table ................................................................................................................. 215
36.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 215
36.2 Viewing the IP Table ..................................................................................... 216
Chapter 37
ARP Table ............................................................................................................. 217
37.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 217
37.1.1 How ARP Works .................................................................................. 217
37.2 Viewing the ARP Table ................................................................................. 217
Chapter 38
Routing Table ....................................................................................................... 219
38.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 219
38.2 Viewing the Routing Table ............................................................................ 219
14 Table of Contents
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Chapter 39
Introducing the Commands .............................................................................. 221
39.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 221
39.1.1 Switch Configuration File ..................................................................... 221
39.2 Accessing the CLI .......................................................................................... 221
39.2.1 Access Priority .................................................................................... 222
39.2.2 The Console Port ................................................................................. 222
39.2.2.1 Initial Screen ............................................................................... 222
39.2.3 Telnet ................................................................................................... 222
39.3 The Login Screen ......................................................................................... 223
39.4 Command Syntax Conventions ..................................................................... 223
39.5 Getting Help ................................................................................................... 224
39.5.1 List of Available Commands ................................................................. 224
39.5.2 Detailed Command Information ........................................................... 225
39.6 Command Modes .......................................................................................... 225
39.7 Using Command History ................................................................................ 226
39.8 Saving Your Configuration ............................................................................. 226
39.8.1 Logging Out .......................................................................................... 227
39.9 Command Summary ...................................................................................... 227
39.9.1 User Mode ............................................................................................ 227
39.9.2 Enable Mode ........................................................................................ 228
39.9.3 General Configuration Mode ................................................................ 232
39.9.4 interface port-channel Commands ....................................................... 243
39.9.5 interface route-domain Commands ...................................................... 246
39.9.6 config-vlan Commands ........................................................................ 247
Chapter 40
Command Examples........................................................................................... 249
40.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 249
40.2 show Commands ........................................................................................... 249
40.2.1 show system-information .................................................................... 249
40.2.2 show hardware-monitor ........................................................................ 250
40.2.3 show ip ................................................................................................. 250
40.2.4 show logging ....................................................................................... 251
40.2.5 show interface ..................................................................................... 251
40.2.6 show mac address-table ..................................................................... 252
40.3 ping ............................................................................................................... 253
40.4 traceroute ...................................................................................................... 254
40.5 Enabling RSTP .............................................................................................. 254
40.6 Configuration File Maintenance .................................................................... 255
40.6.1 Backing up Configuration ..................................................................... 255
40.6.2 Restoring Configuration ...................................................................... 255
40.6.3 Using a Different Configuration File ..................................................... 256
Table of Contents 15
GS-4024 User’s Guide
40.6.4 Resetting to the Factory Default ........................................................... 256
40.7 no Command Examples ................................................................................ 257
40.7.1 no mirror-port ...................................................................................... 257
40.7.2 no https timeout .................................................................................... 257
40.7.3 no trunk ................................................................................................ 258
40.7.4 no port-access-authenticator ................................................................ 258
40.7.5 no ssh ................................................................................................... 259
40.8 interface Commands ..................................................................................... 259
40.8.1 interface port-channel ......................................................................... 260
40.8.2 interface route-domain ......................................................................... 260
40.8.3 bpdu-control ........................................................................................ 261
40.8.4 broadcast-limit ..................................................................................... 261
40.8.5 bandwidth-limit .................................................................................... 262
40.8.6 mirror ................................................................................................... 263
40.8.7 gvrp ..................................................................................................... 263
40.8.8 ingress-check ...................................................................................... 264
40.8.9 frame-type ........................................................................................... 264
40.8.10 spq .................................................................................................... 265
40.8.11 wrr ..................................................................................................... 265
40.8.12 egress set .......................................................................................... 266
40.8.13 qos priority .......................................................................................... 266
40.8.14 name .................................................................................................. 267
40.8.15 speed-duplex ...................................................................................... 267
Chapter 41
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ............................................................. 269
41.1 IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Overview .......................................................... 269
41.2 VLAN Databases ........................................................................................... 269
41.2.1 Static Entries (SVLAN Table) ............................................................... 269
41.2.2 Dynamic Entries (DVLAN Table) .......................................................... 270
41.3 Configuring Tagged VLAN ............................................................................. 270
41.4 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands ............................ 271
41.4.1 GARP Status ........................................................................................ 271
41.4.2 GARP Timer ........................................................................................ 271
41.4.3 GVRP Timer ......................................................................................... 272
41.4.4 Enable GVRP ....................................................................................... 272
41.4.5 Disable GVRP ...................................................................................... 273
41.5 Port VLAN Commands .................................................................................. 273
41.5.1 Set Port VID ........................................................................................ 273
41.5.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type ................................................................. 273
41.5.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP .............................................................. 274
41.5.4 Modify Static VLAN ............................................................................. 274
41.5.4.1 Modify a Static VLAN Table Example ......................................... 275
16 Table of Contents
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41.5.4.2 Forwarding Process Example ..................................................... 275
41.5.5 Delete VLAN ID .................................................................................... 275
41.6 Enable VLAN ................................................................................................ 276
41.7 Disable VLAN ................................................................................................ 276
41.8 Show VLAN Setting ...................................................................................... 276
Chapter 42
Troubleshooting................................................................................................... 279
42.1 Problems Starting Up the Switch ................................................................... 279
42.2 Problems Accessing the Switch .................................................................... 279
42.2.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ......................... 280
42.2.1.1 Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers .............................................. 280
42.2.1.2 JavaScripts ................................................................................. 283
42.2.1.3 Java Permissions ....................................................................... 285
42.3 Problems with the Password ......................................................................... 287
Appendix A
Product Specifications........................................................................................ 289
Appendix B
IP Subnetting........................................................................................................ 293
Index...................................................................................................................... 301
Table of Contents 17
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18 Table of Contents
GS-4024 User’s Guide
List of Figures
Figure 1 Backbone Application .............................................................................. 35
Figure 2 Bridging Application ................................................................................36
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application ............................... 36
Figure 4 VLAN Application .................................................................................... 37
Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ...................................................... 37
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet ........................................................................... 39
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets .............................................................40
Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .............................................................. 41
Figure 9 Front Panel ............................................................................................. 43
Figure 10 Transceiver Installation Example ........................................................... 45
Figure 11 Installed Transceiver ............................................................................ 45
Figure 12 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ............................................ 46
Figure 13 Transceiver Removal Example .............................................................. 46
Figure 14 Rear Panel ............................................................................................ 46
Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login ........................................................................ 49
Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .............................................. 50
Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password .................................................54
Figure 18 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port ........................................... 56
Figure 19 Web Configurator: Logout Screen .........................................................56
Figure 20 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface .......................................... 57
Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ...................................................59
Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ............................................... 60
Figure 23 Status .................................................................................................... 63
Figure 24 Status: Port Details ................................................................................ 65
Figure 25 System Info ........................................................................................... 70
Figure 26 General Setup ....................................................................................... 72
Figure 27 Switch Setup ......................................................................................... 74
Figure 28 IP Setup ..................................................................................................77
Figure 29 Port Setup ............................................................................................. 78
Figure 30 Port VLAN Trunking ............................................................................... 83
Figure 31 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type .......................................................... 83
Figure 32 VLAN: VLAN Status .............................................................................. 84
Figure 33 VLAN: Static VLAN ...............................................................................85
Figure 34 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ...................................................................... 87
Figure 35 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) .............................................. 89
Figure 36 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ...............................................90
Figure 37 Static MAC Forwarding .......................................................................... 93
Figure 38 Filtering .................................................................................................. 95
List of Figures 19
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Figure 39 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ............................................................. 99
Figure 40 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ..................................................100
Figure 41 Bandwidth Control .................................................................................103
Figure 42 Broadcast Storm Control ....................................................................... 105
Figure 43 Mirroring ................................................................................................ 107
Figure 44 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................. 110
Figure 45 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration ................................. 112
Figure 46 RADIUS Server .................................................................................... 115
Figure 47 Port Authentication ................................................................................116
Figure 48 Port Authentication: 802.1x ...................................................................116
Figure 49 Port Authentication: RADIUS ................................................................117
Figure 50 Port Security .......................................................................................... 119
Figure 51 Classifier ................................................................................................ 122
Figure 52 Classifier: Summary Table ..................................................................... 124
Figure 53 Classifier: Example ................................................................................126
Figure 54 Policy ....................................................................................................128
Figure 55 Policy: Summary Table .......................................................................... 130
Figure 56 Policy Example ...................................................................................... 132
Figure 57 Queuing Method .................................................................................... 134
Figure 58 VLAN Stacking Example ....................................................................... 138
Figure 59 VLAN Stacking ......................................................................................140
Figure 60 Static Routing ........................................................................................ 143
Figure 61 RIP ........................................................................................................ 146
Figure 62 OSPF Network Example ........................................................................ 148
Figure 63 OSPF Status .......................................................................................... 149
Figure 64 OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings ..........................151
Figure 65 OSPF Configuration: Area Setup .......................................................... 152
Figure 66 OSPF Configuration: Summary Table ................................................... 153
Figure 67 OSPF Interface ......................................................................................154
Figure 68 OSPF Virtual Link .................................................................................. 155
Figure 69 IGMP ..................................................................................................... 157
Figure 70 How DVMRP Works .............................................................................. 160
Figure 71 DVMRP ................................................................................................. 160
Figure 72 DVMRP: IGMP/RIP Not Set Error ......................................................... 161
Figure 73 DVMRP: Unable to Disable IGMP Error ................................................ 161
Figure 74 DVMRP: Duplicate VID Error Message ................................................. 162
Figure 75 IP Multicast ............................................................................................ 163
Figure 76 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field .....................................................165
Figure 77 DiffServ Network Example ..................................................................... 166
Figure 78 DiffServ .................................................................................................. 166
Figure 79 DiffServ: DSCP Setting .......................................................................... 167
Figure 80 DHCP: DHCP Server Status .................................................................170
Figure 81 DHCP: Server ....................................................................................... 171
20 List of Figures
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Figure 82 DHCP Server Network Example ........................................................... 172
Figure 83 DHCP Server Configuration Example ................................................... 172
Figure 84 DHCP: Relay ......................................................................................... 173
Figure 85 DHCP Relay Network Example ............................................................. 174
Figure 86 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ..................................................... 174
Figure 87 VRRP: Example 1 ................................................................................. 175
Figure 88 VRRP Status ......................................................................................... 176
Figure 89 VRRP Configuration: IP Interface ..........................................................177
Figure 90 VRRP Configuration: VRRP Parameters .............................................. 179
Figure 91 VRRP Configuration: Summary ............................................................. 180
Figure 92 VRRP Configuration Example: One Virtual Router Network .................181
Figure 93 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch A ................... 181
Figure 94 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch B ................... 181
Figure 95 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch A ....................................... 182
Figure 96 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch B ....................................... 182
Figure 97 VRRP Configuration Example: Two Virtual Router Network ................. 182
Figure 98 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch A .....183
Figure 99 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch B .....183
Figure 100 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch A ..................................... 183
Figure 101 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch B ..................................... 183
Figure 102 Maintenance ....................................................................................... 185
Figure 103 Firmware Upgrade ..............................................................................185
Figure 104 Restore Configuration ......................................................................... 186
Figure 105 Backup Configuration .......................................................................... 186
Figure 106 Load Factory Default: Conformation ...................................................187
Figure 107 Load Factory Default: Start .................................................................. 187
Figure 108 Reboot System: Confirmation ............................................................. 187
Figure 109 Reboot System: Start .......................................................................... 188
Figure 110 Console Port Priority ............................................................................ 191
Figure 111 Access Control ..................................................................................... 192
Figure 112 SNMP Management Model .................................................................192
Figure 113 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................ 194
Figure 114 Access Control: Logins ........................................................................ 195
Figure 115 SSH Communication Example ............................................................. 196
Figure 116 How SSH Works ................................................................................... 196
Figure 117 HTTPS Implementation ........................................................................ 198
Figure 118 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ........................................ 199
Figure 119 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) .......................................................... 199
Figure 120 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) .......................................................... 200
Figure 121 Login Screen (Internet Explorer) .......................................................... 201
Figure 122 Login Screen (Netscape) ...................................................................... 201
Figure 123 Access Control: Service Access Control .............................................202
Figure 124 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................ 203
List of Figures 21
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Figure 125 Diagnostic ............................................................................................ 205
Figure 126 Clustering Application Example ........................................................... 207
Figure 127 Cluster Management: Status ............................................................... 208
Figure 128 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen ...... 209
Figure 129 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch ............... 210
Figure 130 Clustering Management Configuration ............................................... 211
Figure 131 MAC Table Flowchart ..........................................................................213
Figure 132 MAC Table ...........................................................................................214
Figure 133 IP Table Flowchart ............................................................................... 215
Figure 134 IP Table ...............................................................................................216
Figure 135 ARP Table ........................................................................................... 218
Figure 136 Routing Table Status ...........................................................................219
Figure 137 Initial Console Port Screen ................................................................... 222
Figure 138 CLI: Login Screen ................................................................................223
Figure 139 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 1 ............................................224
Figure 140 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 2 ............................................225
Figure 141 CLI Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 1 ........................ 225
Figure 142 CLI: Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 2 ....................... 225
Figure 143 CLI: History Command Example ......................................................... 226
Figure 144 CLI: write memory ...............................................................................226
Figure 145 show system-information Command Example ....................................249
Figure 146 show hardware-monitor Command Example ...................................... 250
Figure 147 show ip Command Example ................................................................ 251
Figure 148 show logging Command Example ....................................................... 251
Figure 149 show interface Command Example ..................................................... 252
Figure 150 show mac address-table Command Example .....................................253
Figure 151 ping Command Example .....................................................................253
Figure 152 traceroute Command Example ............................................................ 254
Figure 153 Enable RSTP Command Example ...................................................... 255
Figure 154 CLI: Backup Configuration Example ................................................... 255
Figure 155 CLI: Restore Configuration Example ................................................... 256
Figure 156 CLI: boot config Command Example ................................................... 256
Figure 157 CLI: reload config Command Example ................................................ 256
Figure 158 CLI: Reset to the Factory Default Example ......................................... 257
Figure 159 no mirror-port Command Example ......................................................257
Figure 160 no https timeout Command Example .................................................. 257
Figure 161 no trunk Command Example ............................................................... 258
Figure 162 no port-access-authenticator Command Example ..............................259
Figure 163 no ssh Command Example ................................................................. 259
Figure 164 interface Command Example .............................................................. 260
Figure 165 interface Command Example .............................................................. 261
Figure 166 interface bpdu-control Command Example ......................................... 261
Figure 167 broadcast-limit Command Example .................................................... 262
22 List of Figures
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Figure 168 bandwidth-limit Command Example .................................................... 262
Figure 169 mirror Command Example .................................................................. 263
Figure 170 gvrp Command Example ..................................................................... 264
Figure 171 ingress-check Command Example ...................................................... 264
Figure 172 frame-type Command Example ........................................................... 265
Figure 173 spq Command Example ...................................................................... 265
Figure 174 wrr Command Example ....................................................................... 266
Figure 175 egress set Command Example ........................................................... 266
Figure 176 qos priority Command Example .......................................................... 267
Figure 177 name Command Example ................................................................... 267
Figure 178 speed-duplex Command Example ...................................................... 267
Figure 179 Tagged VLAN Configuration and Activation Example ......................... 270
Figure 180 CPU VLAN Configuration and Activation Example .............................271
Figure 181 GARP STATUS Command Example ................................................... 271
Figure 182 GARP Timer Command Example ......................................................... 272
Figure 183 GVRP Status Command Example ....................................................... 272
Figure 184 vlan1q port default vid Command Example ......................................... 273
Figure 185 frame type Command Example ........................................................... 274
Figure 186 no gvrp Command Example ................................................................ 274
Figure 187 Modifying Static VLAN Example .......................................................... 275
Figure 188 no vlan Command Example ................................................................ 276
Figure 189 show vlan Command Example ............................................................ 277
Figure 190 Pop-up Blocker ..................................................................................... 280
Figure 191 Internet Options ................................................................................... 281
Figure 192 Internet Options .................................................................................... 282
Figure 193 Pop-up Blocker Settings ....................................................................... 283
Figure 194 Internet Options .................................................................................... 284
Figure 195 Security Settings - Java Scripting .........................................................285
Figure 196 Security Settings - Java ........................................................................ 286
Figure 197 Java (Sun) ............................................................................................ 287
List of Figures 23
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24 List of Figures
GS-4024 User’s Guide
List of Tables
Table 1 Front Panel ............................................................................................... 43
Table 2 Front Panel LEDs ...................................................................................... 47
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview ....................................................... 51
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details .............................................. 52
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links ............................................................................. 52
Table 6 Status ........................................................................................................64
Table 7 Status: Port Details ....................................................................................65
Table 8 System Info ............................................................................................... 70
Table 9 General Setup ........................................................................................... 72
Table 10 Switch Setup ........................................................................................... 75
Table 11 IP Setup ................................................................................................... 77
Table 12 Port Setup ............................................................................................... 79
Table 13 GARP Terminology ................................................................................. 82
Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status ................................................................................ 84
Table 15 VLAN: Static VLAN ................................................................................. 86
Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ....................................................................... 87
Table 17 Port Based VLAN Setup ......................................................................... 91
Table 18 Static MAC Forwarding ........................................................................... 94
Table 19 FIltering ................................................................................................... 95
Table 20 STP Path Costs ...................................................................................... 97
Table 21 STP Port States ...................................................................................... 98
Table 22 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ............................................................... 99
Table 23 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ................................................... 100
Table 24 Bandwidth Control ................................................................................... 103
Table 25 Broadcast Storm Control .........................................................................106
Table 26 Mirroring ..................................................................................................108
Table 27 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch ..........................................................110
Table 28 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ...........................................................110
Table 29 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Status ..............................................111
Table 30 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration ...................................112
Table 31 Port Authentication: 802.1x ..................................................................... 116
Table 32 Port Authentication: RADIUS .................................................................. 117
Table 33 Port Security ...........................................................................................120
Table 34 Classifier ................................................................................................. 122
Table 35 Classifier: Summary Table ......................................................................124
Table 36 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Number ..................................... 124
Table 37 Common IP Ports .................................................................................... 125
Table 38 Policy ......................................................................................................129
List of Tables 25
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Table 39 Policy: Summary Table ........................................................................... 130
Table 40 Physical Queue Priority ........................................................................... 133
Table 41 Queuing Method ..................................................................................... 135
Table 42 VLAN Tag Format ................................................................................... 138
Table 43 Single and Double Tagged 802.11Q Frame Format ................................ 139
Table 44 802.1Q Frame ......................................................................................... 139
Table 45 VLAN Stacking ........................................................................................ 140
Table 46 Static Routing .......................................................................................... 143
Table 47 RIP ..........................................................................................................146
Table 48 OSPF vs. RIP .......................................................................................... 147
Table 49 OSPF: Router Types ............................................................................... 147
Table 50 OSPF Status ...........................................................................................149
Table 51 OSPF Status: Common Output Fields .................................................... 150
Table 52 OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings ........................... 151
Table 53 OSPF Configuration: Area Setup ............................................................ 152
Table 54 OSPF Configuration: Summary Table ..................................................... 153
Table 55 OSPF Interface ....................................................................................... 154
Table 56 OSPF Virtual Link ....................................................................................155
Table 57 IGMP ....................................................................................................... 157
Table 58 DVMRP ................................................................................................... 161
Table 59 DVMRP: Default Timer Values ................................................................ 162
Table 60 IP Multicast .............................................................................................164
Table 61 DiffServ ................................................................................................... 166
Table 62 Default DSCP-IEEE802.1p Mapping ...................................................... 167
Table 63 DiffServ: DSCP Setting ........................................................................... 168
Table 64 DHCP: DHCP Server Status ................................................................... 170
Table 65 DHCP: Server ......................................................................................... 171
Table 66 DHCP: Relay ........................................................................................... 173
Table 67 VRRP Status ...........................................................................................176
Table 68 VRRP Configuration: IP Interface ...........................................................178
Table 69 VRRP Configuration: VRRP Parameters ................................................179
Table 70 VRRP Configuring: VRRP Parameters ...................................................180
Table 71 Filename Conventions ............................................................................188
Table 72 Access Control Summary ....................................................................... 191
Table 73 SNMP Commands ..................................................................................193
Table 74 SNMP Traps ............................................................................................ 193
Table 75 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................... 194
Table 76 Access Control: Logins ...........................................................................195
Table 77 Access Control: Service Access Control ................................................. 202
Table 78 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................... 203
Table 79 Diagnostic ............................................................................................... 205
Table 80 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications .......................................207
Table 81 Cluster Management: Status ................................................................... 208
26 List of Tables
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Table 82 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ............................................... 210
Table 83 Clustering Management Configuration ...................................................211
Table 84 MAC Table ..............................................................................................214
Table 85 IP Table ................................................................................................... 216
Table 86 ARP Table ............................................................................................... 218
Table 87 Routing Table Status ...............................................................................219
Table 88 Command Summary: User Mode .......................................................... 227
Table 89 Command Summary: Enable Mode ........................................................ 228
Table 90 Command Summary: Configuration Mode .............................................. 232
Table 91 interface port-channel Commands .......................................................... 244
Table 92 interface route-domain Commands ......................................................... 247
Table 93 Command Summary: config-vlan Commands ........................................ 247
Table 94 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch .......................................... 279
Table 95 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch ................................................... 279
Table 96 Troubleshooting the Password ................................................................ 287
Table 97 General Product Specifications ...............................................................289
Table 98 Management Specifications .................................................................... 290
Table 99 Physical and Environmental Specifications ............................................. 291
Table 100 Classes of IP Addresses ....................................................................... 293
Table 101 Allowed IP Address Range By Class ....................................................294
Table 102 “Natural” Masks .................................................................................... 294
Table 103 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation .........................................................295
Table 104 Two Subnets Example .......................................................................... 295
Table 105 Subnet 1 ................................................................................................ 296
Table 106 Subnet 2 ................................................................................................ 296
Table 107 Subnet 1 ................................................................................................ 297
Table 108 Subnet 2 ................................................................................................ 297
Table 109 Subnet 3 ................................................................................................ 297
Table 110 Subnet 4 ................................................................................................ 298
Table 111 Eight Subnets ........................................................................................ 298
Table 112 Class C Subnet Planning ...................................................................... 298
Table 113 Class B Subnet Planning .......................................................................299
List of Tables 27
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28 List of Tables
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Preface
Congratulations on your purchase of the GS-4024 Ethernet Switch.
This preface introduces you to the GS-4024 Ethernet Switch and discusses the conventions of
this User’s Guide. It also provides information on other related documentation.
Note: Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and
information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for
North American products.
About This User's Guide
This manual is designed to guide you through the installation and configuration of your switch
for its various applications.
Related Documentation
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
• ZyXEL Glossary and Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com for an online glossary of networking terms and additional
support documentation.
Syntax Conventions
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters. “Select” or “Choose” means for
you to use one of the predefined choices.
• Command and arrow keys are enclosed in square brackets.
carriage return key;
• Mouse action sequences are denoted using a comma. For example, “click the Apple icon,
Control Panels and then Modem” means first click the Apple icon, then point your
mouse pointer to Control Panels and then click Modem.
• For brevity’s sake, we will use “e.g.,” as a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” for
“that is” or “in other words” throughout this manual.
• The GS-4024 Ethernet Switch may be referred to as “the GS-4024” or “the switch” in
this User’s Guide.
[ESC] means the Escape key and [SPACE BAR] means the Space Bar.
[ENTER] means the Enter, or
Preface 29
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Graphics Icons Key
GS-4024 Computer Server
Computer DSLAM Gateway
Central Office/ ISP Internet Hub/Switch
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. E-mail all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to techwriters@zyxel.com.tw or send regular mail to The Technical Writing
Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. Thank you.
30 Preface
Getting to Know Your Switch
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the switch.
1.1 Introduction
The GS-4024 is a stand-alone layer-3 Gigabit Ethernet switch with 24 10/100/1000 Mbps
ports and four Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. By integrating router functions, the switch
performs wire-speed layer-3 routing in addition to layer-2 switching.
With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the switch is easy. In addition,
the switch can also be managed via Telnet, any terminal emulator program on the console port,
or third-party SNMP management.
GS-4024 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 1
1.2 Software Features
This section describes the general software features of the switch.
IP Routing Domain
An IP interface (also known as an IP routing domain) is not bound to a physical port.
Configure an IP routing domain to allow the switch to route traffic between different
networks.
DHCP
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual
computers to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the
switch as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the switch provides the
TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If you disable the DHCP service, you must have another
DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured.
VLAN
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 31
GS-4024 User’s Guide
VLAN Stacking
Use VLAN stacking to add an outer VLAN tag to the inner IEEE 802.1Q tagged frames that
enter the network. By tagging the tagged frames (“double-tagged” frames), the service
provider can manage up to 4,094 VLAN groups with each group containing up to 4,094
customer VLANs. This allows a service provider to provide different service, based on
specific VLANs, for many different customers.
Differentiated Services (DiffServ)
With DiffServ, the switch marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at
DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic
flow.
Classifier and Policy
You can create a policy to define actions to be performed on a traffic flow grouped by a
classifier according to specific criteria such as the IP address, port number or protocol type,
etc..
Queuing
Queuing is used to help solve performance degradation when there is network congestion.
Two scheduling services are supported: Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) and Weighted Round
Robin (WRR). This allows the switch to maintain separate queues for packets from each
individual source or flow and prevent a source from monopolizing the bandwidth.
Port Mirroring
Port mirroring allows you to copy traffic going from one or all ports to another or all ports in
order that you can examine the traffic from the mirror port (the port you copy the traffic to)
without interference.
Static Route
Static routes tell the switch how to forward IP traffic when you configure the TCP/IP
parameters manually.
IGMP
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a session-layer protocol used to establish
membership in a multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.
IGMP Snooping
The switch supports IGMP snooping enabling group multicast traffic to be only forwarded to
ports that are members of that group; thus allowing you to significantly reduce multicast
traffic passing through your switch.
32 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
GS-4024 User’s Guide
IP Multicast
With IP multicast, the switch delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not
everybody. In addition, the switch can send packets to Ethernet devices that are not VLANaware by untagging (removing the VLAN tags) IP multicast packets.
RIP
RIP (Routing Information Protocol allows a routing device to exchange routing information
with other routers.
OSPF
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state protocol designed to distribute routing
information within an autonomous system (AS). An autonomous system is a collection of
networks using a common routing protocol to exchange routing information. OSPF is best
suited for large networks.
DVMRP
DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) is a protocol used for routing multicast
data within an autonomous system (AS). DVMRP provides multicast forwarding capability to
a layer 3 switch that runs both the IPv4 protocol (with IP Multicast support) and the IGMP
protocol.
VRRP
Virtual Routing Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), defined in RFC 2338, allows you to create
redundant backup gateways to ensure that the default gateway of a host is always available.
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) / RSTP (Rapid STP)
(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.
Link Aggregation
Link aggregation (trunking) is the grouping of physical ports into one logical higher-capacity
link. You may want to trunk ports if for example, it is cheaper to use multiple lower-speed
links than to under-utilize a high-speed, but more costly, single-port link.
Port Authentication and Security
For security, the switch allows authentication using IEEE 802.1x with an external RADIUS
server and port security that allows only packets with dynamically learned MAC addresses
and/or configured static MAC addresses to pass through a port on the switch.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 33
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Maintenance and Management Features
• Access Control
You can specify the service(s) and computer IP address(es) to control access to the switch
for management.
• Cluster Management
Cluster management (also known as iStacking) allows you to manage switches through
one switch, called the cluster manager. The switches must be directly connected and be in
the same VLAN group so as to be able to communicate with one another.
• Configuration and Firmware Maintenance
You can backup or restore the switch configuration or upgrade the firmware on the
switch.
1.3 Hardware Features
This section describes the ports on the switch.
Mini-GBIC Slots
Install SPF transceivers in these slots to connect to other Ethernet switches at longer distances
than the Ethernet port.
Gigabit Ethernet Ports
The ports allow the switch to connect to another WAN switch or daisy-chain to other switches.
Management Port
Connect a computer to this port for management purposes. You cannot access the network
through this port.
Console Port
Use the console port for local management of the switch.
Backup Power Supply Port
Connect a backup power supply device to this port to ensure uninterrupted network connection
in the event of a power failure.
Fans
The fans cool the switch sufficiently to allow reliable operation of the switch in even poorly
ventilated rooms or basements.
34 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
1.4 Applications
This section shows a few examples of using the switch in various network environments.
1.4.1 Backbone Application
In this application, the switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can
be expected in the near future.
The switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can connect
computers directly to the switch’s port or connect other switches to the switch.
In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the
network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print
servers etc.
Figure 1 Backbone Application
GS-4024 User’s Guide
1.4.2 Bridging Example
In this example application the switch connects different company departments (RD and
Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server
and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed
department servers via the switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a
Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the switch.
Moreover, the switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to
centralize multiple servers at a single location.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 35
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Figure 2 Bridging Application
1.4.3 High Performance Switching Example
The switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following
example, use trunking to connect these two networks.
Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not
feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and
adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The switch can provide
the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters
and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely
communicate with each other.
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application
1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from
stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.
36 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
For more information on VLANs, refer to or Chapter 8, “VLAN,” on page 81.
1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example
Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network
performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by
adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.
Figure 4 VLAN Application
GS-4024 User’s Guide
1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example
Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server, as
shown in the following example. In this example, only ports that need access to the server
need belong to VLAN 1. Ports can belong to other VLAN groups too.
Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 37
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38 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Hardware Installation and
This chapter shows you how to install the hardware and make port connections.
2.1 Freestanding Installation
1 Make sure the switch is clean and dry.
2 Set the switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the
switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.
3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the switch to allow air circulation and the
attachment of cables and the power cord.
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CHAPTER 2
Connection
4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.
5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the switch. These rubber feet help
protect the switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when
stacking.
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet
Note: Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when
stacking.
For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 39
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2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the
installation steps.
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements
• Two mounting brackets.
• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
Note: Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.
2.2.1.1 Precautions
• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.
• Make sure the position of the switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take
all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch
1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the switch, lining up the four screw holes on
the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the switch.
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the switch.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the
switch.
4 You may now mount the switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the switch) on one side of the
rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.
40 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
GS-4024 User’s Guide
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the rack.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 41
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42 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
Hardware Overview
This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the switch and shows you how to make
the hardware connections.
3.1 Front Panel Connection
The figure below shows the front panel of the switch.
Figure 9 Front Panel
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CHAPTER 3
The following table describes the port labels on the front panel.
Table 1 Front Panel
LABEL DESCRIPTION
CONSOLE Only connect this port if you want to configure the switch using the command line
interface (CLI) via the console port.
24 10/100/
1000 Mbps
RJ-45 Gigabit
Ethernet
Ports
Gigabit/miniGBIC ports
Connect these ports to a computer, a hub, an Ethernet switch or router.
For Gigabit uplink.
3.1.1 Console Port
For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured
to the following parameters:
• VT100 terminal emulation
• 9600 bps
• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
• No flow control
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 43
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Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the switch. Connect the
female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.
3.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Ports
The GS-4024 has 24 10/100/1000Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Gigabit Ethernet
ports. In 10/100/1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet, the speed can be 10Mbps, 100Mbps or
1000Mbps and the duplex mode can be half duplex (for 10 or 100 Mbps) or full duplex.
There are four pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have priority
over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port
are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.
An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed (10/100Mpbs)
and duplex mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.
An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or
crossover Ethernet cable.
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings
The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the switch are:
• Speed: Auto
• Duplex: Auto
• Flow control: on
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots
These are slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a
single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. The switch does not come with
transceivers. You must use transceivers that comply with the Small Form-factor Pluggable
(SFP) Transceiver MultiSource Agreement (MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i
specification Rev 1.0 for details.
You can change transceivers while the switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.
• Type: SFP connection interface
• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)
Note: To avoid possible eye injury, do NOT look into an operating fiber-optic module’s
connectors.
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation
Use the following steps to install a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
44 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
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1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.
Figure 10 Transceiver Installation Example
2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
3 The switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that
it is functioning properly.
Figure 11 Installed Transceiver
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal
Use the following steps to remove a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 45
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Figure 12 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example
2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
Figure 13 Transceiver Removal Example
3.2 Rear Panel
The following figure shows the rear panel of the switch. The rear panel contains a connector
for backup power supply (BPS) and the power receptacle.
Figure 14 Rear Panel
3.2.1 Power Connector
Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.
To connect the power to the switch, insert the female end of power cord to the power
receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to a
100~240VAC/1.5A power outlet. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.
46 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector
The backup power supply constantly monitors the status of the internal power supply. The
backup power supply automatically provides power to the switch in the event of a power
failure. Once the switch receives power from the backup power supply, it will not
automatically switch back to using the internal power supply even when the power is resumed.
3.3 Front Panel LEDs
The LEDs are located on the front panel. The following table describes the LEDs on the front
panel.
Table 2 Front Panel LEDs
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
BPS Green Blinking The system is receiving power from the backup power supply.
On The backup power supply is connected and active.
Off The backup power supply is not ready or not active.
PWR Green On The system is turned on.
Off The system is off.
SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.
On The system is on and functioning properly.
Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.
ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.
Off The system is functioning normally.
Gigabit Ethernet Ports
LNK/ACT Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 10/1000 Mbps
Ethernet network.
On The link to a 10/1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 100 Mbps Ethernet
network.
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
FDX Amber On The Ethernet port is negotiating in full-duplex mode.
Off The Ethernet port is negotiating in half-duplex mode and no
collisions are occurring.
Mini-GBIC Slots
LNK Green On The port has a successful connection.
Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port.
ACT Green Blinking The port is sending or receiving data.
Off The port is not sending or receiving data.
MGMT Port
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 47
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Table 2 Front Panel LEDs (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
10 Green On The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data. at 10 Mbps.
Off The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
100 Amber On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data. at 100 Mbps.
Off The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
3.4 Accessing the Switch
You may use the embedded web configurator or command line interface to configure the
switch. If you’re using the web configurator, you need Internet Explorer 5.5 and later or
Netscape Navigator 6 and later.
You can access the command line interface using a terminal emulation program on a computer
connected to the switch console port (see Section 3.1.1 on page 43) or access the switch via an
Ethernet port using Telnet.
48 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.
4.1 Introduction
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy switch setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by
default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScripts (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
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CHAPTER 4
The Web Configurator
4.2 System Login
1 Start your web browser.
2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the switch (for example, the default is 192.168.1.1) in
the Location or Address field. Press
3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default
password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time
server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.
Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login
[ENTER].
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 49
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4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.
4.3 The Status Screen
The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.
The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.
Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)
In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.
50 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview
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BASIC SETTING
The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 51
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.
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details
BASIC SETTING
System Info
General Setup
Switch Setup
IP Setup
Port Setup
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
VLAN
VLAN Status
VLAN Port Setting
Static VLAN
Static MAC Forwarding
Filtering
Spanning Tree Protocol
Status
Spanning Tree
Protocol Configuration
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm Control
Mirroring
Link Aggregation
Link Aggregation
Protocol Status
Link Aggregation
Port Authentication
RADIUS
802.1x
Port Security
Classifier
Policy Rule
Queuing Method
VLAN Stacking
IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
Static Routing
RIP
OSPF Status
OSPF Configuration
OSPF Interface
OSPF Virtual Link
IGMP
DVMRP
IP Multicast
DiffServ
DSCP Setting
DHCP Server Status
DHCP Server
DHCP Relay
VRRP
Status
VRRP Configuration
Maintenance
Firmware Upgrade
Restore Configuration
Backup Configuration
Load Factory Default
Reboot System
Access Control
SNMP
Logins
Service Access Control
Remote Management
Diagnostic
Cluster Management Status
Cluster Management
Configuration
MAC Table
IP Table
ARP Table
Routing Table
The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links
LINK DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings
System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware
monitoring information.
General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification
Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global switch parameters such
IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IP address, subnet
Port Setup This link takes you to screens where you can configure settings for individual switch
52 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
information about the switch.
as VLAN type, MAC address learning, IGMP snooping, GARP and priority queues.
mask (necessary for switch management) and DNS (domain name server) and set
up to 64 IP routing domains.
ports.
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
Advanced Application
VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q VLAN
Static MAC
Forwarding
Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Bandwidth
Control
Broadcast Storm
Control
Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports to
Link Aggregation This link takes you to a screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to
Port
Authentication
Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate MAC address learning and
Classifier This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the switch to group packets
Policy Rule This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the switch to perform
Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure SPQ or WFQ with
VLAN Stacking This link takes you to a screen where you can configure VLAN stacking.
IP Application
Static Route This link takes you to screens where you can configure static routes. A static route
RIP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the RIP (Routing
OSPF This link takes you to screens where you can view the OSPF status and configure
IGMP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IGMP settings.
DVMRP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the DVMRP (Distance
IP Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the switch to remove VLAN
DiffServ This link takes you to screens where you can enable DiffServ, configure marking
DHCP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the DHCP settings for the
(depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu).
This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses for a
port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.
This link takes you to screens where you can configure the STP/RSTP to prevent
network loops.
This link takes you to screens where you can cap the maximum bandwidth allowed
from specified source(s) to specified destination(s).
This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.
another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without
interference
form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure RADIUS (Remote
Authentication Dial-In User Service), a protocol for user authentication that allows
you to use an external server to validate an unlimited number of users.
set the maximum number of MAC addresses to learn on a port.
based on the specified criteria.
special treatment on the grouped packets.
associated queue weights for each port.
defines how the switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP parameters
manually.
Information Protocol) direction and versions.
OSPF settings.
Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) settings.
tags from IP multicast packets on an out-going port.
rules and set DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p mappings.
network on the switch.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 53
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Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
VRRP This link takes you to screens where you can configure redundant virtual router for
Management
Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration
Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password
Diagnostic This link takes you to screens where you can view system logs and test port(s).
Cluster
Management
MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses (and types)
IP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the IP addresses (and types) of
ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses – IP
Routing Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the routing table in the switch.
your network.
file maintenance as well as reboot the system.
and configure SNMP and remote management.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management
and view its status.
of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
address resolution table.
4.3.1 Change Your Password
After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator
password. Click Management, Access Control and then Logins to display the next screen.
Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password
4.4 Switch Lockout
Note: You cannot log into the switch using the same administrator account
concurrently on different IP routing domains.
54 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
You could lock yourself (and all others) out from the switch by:
1 Deleting the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).
2 Deleting all IP routing domains.
3 Deleting all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the
management port of the switch.
4 Filtering all traffic to the CPU port.
5 Disabling all ports.
6 Assigning minimum bandwidth to the CPU port. If you limit bandwidth to the CPU port,
you may find that the switch performs sluggishly or not at all.
Note: Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the switch.
4.5 Resetting the Switch
If you lock yourself (and others) from the switch or forget the switch password, you will need
to reload the factory-default configuration file or reset the switch back to the factory defaults.
GS-4024 User’s Guide
4.5.1 Reload the Configuration File
Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the
factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations
and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no
parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and
the IP address to 192.168.1.1.
To upload the configuration file, do the following:
1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See
Section 3.1.1 on page 43 for details.
2 Disconnect and reconnect the switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect the
switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.
3 When you see the message “
seconds ...
4 Type
5 Wait for the “
6 After a configuration file upload, type
atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.
upload on your terminal.
” press any key to enter debug mode.
Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM
Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3
atgo to restart the switch.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 55
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Figure 18 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port
Bootbase Version: V1.0 | 04/25/2003 10:01:06
RAM: Size = 32768 Kbytes
FLASH: Intel 32M
ZyNOS Version: V3.50(DU.0)| 07/11/2003 18:00:29
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.
....................
Enter Debug Mode
GS-4024> atlc
Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Total 262144 bytes received.
Erasing..
................................................................
OK
GS-4024> atgo
The switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default password
of “1234”.
4.6 Logging Out of the Web Configurator
Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password
again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session for
security reasons.
Figure 19 Web Configurator: Logout Screen
4.7 Help
The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.
Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that
screen.
56 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
This chapter shows how to set up the switch for an example network.
5.1 Overview
The following lists the configuration steps for the example network:
• Configure an IP interface
• Configure DHCP server settings
• Create a VLAN
• Set port VLAN ID
• Enable RIP
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CHAPTER 5
Initial Setup Example
5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface
On a layer-3 switch, an IP interface (also known as an IP routing domain) is not bound to a
physical port. The default IP address of the switch is 192.168.1.1 with a subnet mask of
255.255.255.0.
In the example network, since the RD network is already in the same IP interface as the
switch, you don’t need to create an IP interface for it. However, if you want to have the Sales
network on a different routing domain, you need to create a new IP interface. This allows the
switch to route traffic between the RD and Sales networks.
Figure 20 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface
1 Connect your computer to the MGMT port that is used only for management. Make sure
your computer is in the same subnet as the MGMT port.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 57
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2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.0.1 (the default MGMT port IP address) in
the address bar to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 49 for more
information.
3 Click Basic Setting and IP
Setup in the navigation panel.
4 Configure the related fields in the
IP Setup screen.
For the Sales network, enter
192.168.2.1 as the IP address and
255.255.255.0 as the subnet
mask.
5 In the VID field, enter the ID of
the VLAN group to which you
want this IP interface to belong.
This is the same as the VLAN ID
you configure in the Static
VLAN screen.
6 Click Add.
5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings
You can set the switch to assign network information (such as the IP address, DNS server, etc.)
to DHCP clients on the network.
For the example network, configure two DHCP client pools on the switch for the DHCP
clients in the RD and Sales networks.
1 In the web configurator, click IP
Application and DHCP in the
navigation panel and click the
Server link.
2 In the DHCP Server screen,
specify the ID of the VLAN to
which the DHCP clients belong,
the starting IP address pool,
subnet mask, default gateway
address and the DNS server
address(es).
3 Click Add to save the settings.
58 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
5.1.3 Creating a VLAN
VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can
do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.
In this example, you want to configure port 10 as a member of VLAN 2.
Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN
GS-4024 User’s Guide
1 Click Advanced
Application and VLAN in
the navigation panel and
click the Static VLAN link.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 59
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2 In the Static VLAN screen,
select ACTIVE, enter a
descriptive name in the Name
field and enter 2 in the VLAN
Group ID field for the Sales
network.
Note: The VLAN Group ID field in
this screen and the VID field
in the IP Setup screen refer
to the same VLAN ID.
3 Since the Sales network is
connected to port 10 on the
switch, select Fixed to configure
port 10 to be a permanent
member of the VLAN only.
4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware
devices (such as computers and
hubs) can receive frames
properly, clear the TX Tagging check box to set the switch to remove VLAN tags before
sending.
5 Click Add to save the settings.
5.1.4 Setting Port VID
Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames
are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 10 so that any untagged frames
received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.
Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID
60 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
1 Click Advanced
Applications and VLAN
in the navigation panel.
Then click the VLAN
Port Setting link.
2 Enter 2 in the PVID field
for port 10 and click
Apply to save the
settings.
5.1.5 Enabling RIP
To exchange routing information with other routing devices across different routing domains,
enable RIP (Routing Information Protocol) in the RIP screen.
GS-4024 User’s Guide
1 Click IP Application and RIP in the navigation panel.
2 Select Both in the Direction field
to set the switch to broadcast and
receive routing information.
3 In the Ver si on field, select RIP-1
for the RIP packet format that is
universally supported.
4 Click Apply to save the settings.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 61
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62 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details
screens.
6.1 Overview
The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary with links to each
port showing statistical details.
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CHAPTER 6
System Status and Port
Statistics
6.2 Port Status Summary
To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Status
screen as shown next.
Figure 23 Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 63
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Table 6 Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System up Time This field shows how long the system has been running since the last time it was
Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M
State This field displays the STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) state of the port. See the
LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
Stop Click Stop to halt system statistic polling.
Clear Counter Select a port from the Port drop-down list box and then click Clear Counter to erase
started.
screen (refer to Figure 24 on page 65).
for 1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half duplex). It also shows
the cable type (Copper or Fiber) for the combo ports.
chapter on STP for details on STP states.
enabled on the port.
been up.
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
the recorded statistical information for that port.
6.2.1 Port Details
Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics.
Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the
switch.
64 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
Figure 24 Status: Port Details
GS-4024 User’s Guide
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Status: Port Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Info
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M
Status This field shows the training state of the ports. The states are FORWARDING
LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 65
for 1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half duplex). It also shows
the cable type (Copper or Fiber) for the combo ports.
(forwarding), which means the link is functioning normally or STOP (the port is
stopped to break a loop or duplicate path).
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.
Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.
TX Packets This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.
Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags transmitted.
Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets received.
RX Packets This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.
Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags received.
Control This field shows the number of control packets received (including those with CRC
TX Collision
The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.
Single This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission is inhibited
Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission was
Excessive This is a count of packets for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.
Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the
Error Packet The following fields display detailed information about packets received that were in
RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant
Length This field shows the number of packets received with a length that was out of range.
Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64
Distribution
64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
transmitted.
received.
error) but it does not include the 802.3x Pause packets.
by exactly one collision.
inhibited by more than one collision.
Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the
retransmission count is reset.
packets have already been transmitted.
error.
Check) error(s).
octets), including the ones with CRC errors.
64 octets in length.
between 65 and 127 octets in length.
between 128 and 255 octets in length.
66 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
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Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 256 and 511 octets in length.
512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 512 and 1023 octets in length.
1024-1518 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.
Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the
maximum frame size.
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
Stop Click Stop to stop port statistic polling.
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 67
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68 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP
Setup and Port Setup screens.
7.1 Overview
The System Info screen displays general switch information (such as firmware version
number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen
allows you to configure general switch identification information. The General Setup screen
also allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an
external server when you turn on your switch. The real time is then displayed in the switch
logs. The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global switch features. The
IP Setup screen allows you to configure a switch IP address in each routing domain, subnet
mask(s) and DNS (domain name server) for management purposes.
GS-4024 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 7
Basic Setting
7.2 System Information
In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting and System Info to display the screen as shown.
You can check the firmware version number and monitor the switch temperature, fan speeds
and voltage in this screen.
Chapter 7 Basic Setting 69
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Figure 25 System Info
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 System Info
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the switch for identification purposes.
ZyNOS F/W
Ver si on
Ethernet
Address
Hardware Monitor
Temperature
Unit
Temperature MAC, CPU and PHY refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the switch
Current This shows the current temperature in degrees centigrade at this sensor.
MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.
MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.
Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.
Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those
This field displays the version number of the switch 's current firmware including the
date created.
This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the switch.
The switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the
temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit
(Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.
printed circuit board.
above.
70 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 8 System Info (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Fan Speed
(RPM)
Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).
MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.
Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error
Voltage(V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
Current This is the current voltage reading.
MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.
MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.
Threshold This field displays the percentage tolerance of the voltage with which the switch still
Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
Stop Click Stop to halt statistic polling.
A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently
ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the
temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.
(RPM).
(RPM). "<41" is displayed for speeds too small to measure (under 2000 RPM).
indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.
reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.
works.
point; otherwise Error is displayed.
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
7.3 General Setup
Click Basic Setting and General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
Chapter 7 Basic Setting 71
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Figure 26 General Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 General Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to
Location Enter the geographic location (up to 30 characters) of your switch.
Contact Person's
Name
Login
Precedence
32 printable characters; spaces are not allowed.
Enter the name (up to 30 characters) of the person in charge of this switch.
Use this drop-down list box to select which database the switch should use (first) to
authenticate an administrator (user for switch management).
Configure the local user accounts in the Access Control Logins screen. The
RADIUS is an external server. Before you specify the priority, make sure you have
set up the corresponding database correctly first.
Select Local Only to have the switch just check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen.
Select Local then RADIUS to have the switch check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen. If the user name is not found, the
switch then checks the user database on the specified RADIUS server. You need to
configure Port Authentication Radius first.
Select RADIUS Only to have the switch just check the user database on the
specified RADIUS server for a login username and password.
72 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 9 General Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GS-4024 User’s Guide
Use Time Server
when Bootup
Time Server IP
Address
Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).
New Time
(hh:min:ss)
Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.
New Date (yyyymm-dd)
Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Enter the time service protocol that a timeserver sends when you turn on the switch.
Not all time servers support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to
find a protocol that works. The main differences between them are the time format.
Daytime (RFC 867) format is day/month/year/time zone of the server.
Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of seconds
since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.
NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868).
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the
switch, the time and date will be reset to 2000-1-1 0:0.
Enter the IP address (or URL if you configure a domain name server in the IP Setup
screen) of your timeserver. The switch searches for the timeserver for up to 60
seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen will appear
locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.
Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears
in the Current Time field after you click Apply.
Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in
the Current Date field after you click Apply.
known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list
box.
7.4 Introduction to VLANs
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security
among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from
accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the
printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast
packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a
specific broadcast domain.
Note: VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.
See Chapter 8 on page 81 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
Chapter 7 Basic Setting 73
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7.5 IGMP Snooping
A switch can passively snoop on IGMP Query, Report and Leave (IGMP version 2) packets
transferred between IP multicast routers/switches and IP multicast hosts to learn the IP
multicast group membership. It checks IGMP packets passing through it, picks out the group
registration information, and configures multicasting accordingly. IGMP snooping allows the
switch to learn multicast groups without you having to manually configure them.
The switch forwards multicast traffic destined for multicast groups (that it has learned from
IGMP snooping or that you have manually configured) to ports that are members of that
group. The switch discards multicast traffic destined for multicast groups that it does not
know. IGMP snooping generates no additional network traffic, allowing you to significantly
reduce multicast traffic passing through your switch.
7.6 Switch Setup Screen
Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port
Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.
Figure 27 Switch Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen
74 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
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.
Table 10 Switch Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on
whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen.
See Chapter 8 on page 81 for more information.
Bridge Control
Protocol
Transparency
IGMP Snooping Select the Active checkbox to enable IGMP snooping have group multicast traffic
Select Active to allow the switch to handle bridging control protocols (STP for
example). You also need to define how to treat a BPDU in the Port Setup screen.
only forwarded to ports that are members significantly reducing multicast traffic
passing through your switch. See Section 7.5 on page 74 for more information on
IGMP snooping.
Note: You cannot enable both IGMP snooping and IGMP at the
same time. Refer to Chapter 25 on page 157 for more
information.
MAC Address
Learning
MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address
learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.
Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC
GARP Timer: Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All message
terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See the chapter on VLAN
setup for more background information.
Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each
Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.
Leave All
Timer
Priority Queue Assignment
IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default
priority of the ingress port. Use the next two fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue
mapping.
The switch has eight physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the switch, traffic
assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the
network is congested.
Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be
relearned).
port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and
65535 milliseconds; the default is 200 milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup
for more background information.
Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger
than Join Timer; the default is 600 milliseconds.
Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in
milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be
larger than Leave Timer; the default is 1000 milliseconds.
variations in delay).
Chapter 7 Basic Setting 75
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Table 10 Switch Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
7.7 IP Setup
Use the IP Setup screen to configure the default gateway device, the default domain name
server and add IP domains.
Network Architecture) transactions.
important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
7.7.1 IP Interfaces
The switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP
address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
On the switch, as a layer-3 device, an IP address is not bound to any physical ports. Since each
IP address on the switch must be in a separate subnet, the configured IP address is also known
as IP interface (or routing domain). In addition, this allows routing between subnets based on
the IP address without additional routers.
You can configure multiple routing domains on the same VLAN as long as the IP address
ranges for the domains do not overlap. To change the IP address of the switch in a routing
domain, simply add a new routing domain entry with a different IP address in the same subnet.
76 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 28 IP Setup
GS-4024 User’s Guide
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Tabl e 11 IP Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Default
Gateway
Domain Name
Server
Default
Management
Management IP Address
Use these fields to set the settings for the out-of-band management port.
IP Address Enter the out-of-band management IP address of your switch in dotted decimal
IP Subnet
Mask
Default
Gateway
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.1.254.
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to
use a domain name instead of an IP address.
Specify which traffic flow (In-Band or Out-of-band) the switch is to send packets
originating from itself (such as SNMP traps) or packets with unknown source.
Select Out-of-band to have the switch send the packets to the management port
labelled MGMT. This means that device(s) connected to the other port(s) do not
receive these packets.
Select In-Band to have the switch send the packets to all ports except the
management port (labelled MGMT) to which connected device(s) do not receive these
packets.
notation. For example, 192.168.0.1.
Enter the IP subnet mask of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example
255.255.255.0.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.0.254
Chapter 7 Basic Setting 77
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Tabl e 11 IP Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
IP Interface
Use these fields to create or edit IP routing domains on the switch.
IP Address Enter the IP address of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example 192.168.1.1.
IP Subnet
Mask
VID Enter the VLAN identification number to which an IP routing domain belongs.
Add Click Add to save the new rule to the switch. It then displays in the summary table at
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Index This field displays the index number of an entry.
IP Address This field displays IP address of the switch in the IP domain.
Subnet Mask This field displays the subnet mask of the switch in the IP domain.
VID This field displays the VLAN identification number of the IP domain on the switch.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
This is the IP address of the switch in an IP routing domain.
Enter the IP subnet mask of an IP routing domain in dotted decimal notation. For
example, 255.255.255.0.
the bottom of the screen.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
7.8 Port Setup
Click Basic Setting and then Port Setup in the navigation panel to display the configuration
screen.
Figure 29 Port Setup
Note: Deleting all IP domains locks you out from the switch.
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
78 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
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Table 12 Port Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This is the port index number.
Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A
port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.
Name Enter a descriptive name (up to nine printable characters) that identifies this port.
Type This field displays 10/100/1000M for the Ethernet/ Fast Ethernet ports or 1000M for
the Gigabit/ mini-GBIC ports
Speed/Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the connection on this port. Choices are
Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer
802.1P Priority This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag.
BPDU Control Configure the way to treat BPDUs received on this port. You must activate bridging
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex, 100M/Full Duplex
and 1000M/Full Duplex.
Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port
automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends support.
When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the switch negotiates with the peer
automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer port
does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the switch determines the
connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode.
When the switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the pre-configured speed
and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the
settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.
memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate
transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.
The switch uses IEEE802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and back pressure flow
control in half duplex mode.
IEEE802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the
sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port
memory buffers fill.
Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision"
signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending
port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to
enable it.
See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 10 on page 75 for more information.
control protocol transparency in the Switch Setup screen first.
Select Peer to process any BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) received on this port.
Select Tun nel to forward BPDUs received on this port.
Select Discard to drop any BPDU received on this port.
Select Network to process a BPDU with no VLAN tag and forward a tagged BPDU.
Chapter 7 Basic Setting 79
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80 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
CHAPTER 8
The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup
screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs.
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were
created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The
VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches
need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an
untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the
type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts
after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
GS-4024 User’s Guide
VLAN
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet
switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not
be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID,
giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 (212) VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN
ID are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a
priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the
ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to
identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 bits
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames
VLAN group ID (or VID) is a unique number than identifies a VLAN. A port VID (PVID) is
the VID associated to a physical port. A PVID defines the VLAN group to which a port
belongs.
Each port on the switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's
default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
Chapter 8 VLAN 81
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8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration
GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across
switches.
8.2.1 GARP
GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and deregister attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a
protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific
application, for example, GVRP.
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers
Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.
8.2.2 GVRP
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for
switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this
function to permit VLANs groups beyond the local switch.
Please refer to the following table for common GARP terminology.
Table 13 GARP Terminology
VLAN PARAMETER TERM DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.
VLAN Administrative
Control
VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing
Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/
deregistration process.
Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.
Registration
Forbidden
Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.
Untagged Ports belonging to the specified don't tag all outgoing
Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the
specified VLAN.
frames transmitted.
frames transmitted.
82 Chapter 8 VLAN
Table 13 GARP Terminology (continued)
VLAN PARAMETER TERM DESCRIPTION
VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that
Acceptable frame
type
Ingress filtering If set, the switch discards incoming frames for VLANs
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking
Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to
pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices
without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.
Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2 (V1 and V2)
on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN groups 1 and 2 on
all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with unknown VLAN
group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch
you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically
allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those
switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).
GS-4024 User’s Guide
this port received.
You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged
incoming frames or just tagged incoming frames on a
port.
that do not have this port as a member
Figure 30 Port VLAN Trunking
8.4 Selecting the VLAN Type
Select a VLAN type in the Switch Setup screen.
Figure 31 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type
Chapter 8 VLAN 83
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8.5 Static VLAN
Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be
• sent to a VLAN group as normal depends on its VLAN tag.
• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.
• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.
You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the
specified VID.
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status
Click Advanced Application, VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status
screen as shown next.
Figure 32 VLAN: VLAN Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
The Number of
VLAN
Index This is the VLAN index number.
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the VLAN Setup
84 Chapter 8 VLAN
This is the number of VLANs configured on the switch.
screen.
Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is
marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN
are marked as “–“.
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static
VLAN was set up.
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamically using GVRP or
statically, that is, added as a permanent entry.
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
Stop Click Stop to halt polling statistics.
Change Pages Click Previous Page or Next Page to show the previous/next screen if all status
information cannot be seen in one screen.
8.5.2 Configure a Static VLAN
To configure a new VLAN, click Static VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the
screen as shown next.
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Figure 33 VLAN: Static VLAN
The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
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Table 15 VLAN: Static VLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings.
Name Enter a descriptive name (up to nine printable ASCII characters) for the VLAN group
VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this VLAN group. The valid range is between 1 and 4094.
Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.
Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is
Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames (that were
Add Click Add to add the settings as a new entry in the summary table below.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the
Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
for identification purposes.
the default selection.
Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group.
Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.
previously untagged) transmitted with this VLAN Group ID.
VLAN settings.
8.5.3 Configure VLAN Port Settings
To configure the VLAN settings on a port, click the VLAN Port Setting link in the VLAN
Status screen.
86 Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 34 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a
way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the
network.
Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local switch.
Port Isolation Port Isolation allows each port (1 to 26) to communicate only with the CPU
Port This field displays the port number.
Ingress Check Select this check box to activate ingress filtering.
PVID Enter a number between 1and 4094 as the port VLAN ID.
GVRP Select this check box to allow GVRP on this port.
Acceptable Frame
Type
VLAN Trunking Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not
Apply Click Apply to save the changes
Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.
management port but not communicate with each other. All incoming ports are
selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most
limiting but also the most secure.
Clear this check box to disable ingress filtering.
Specify the type of frames allowed on a port. Choices are All and Tag Only.
Select All from the drop-down list box to accept all untagged or tagged frames on
this port. This is the default setting.
Select Tag On ly to accept only tagged frames on this port. All untagged frames will
be dropped.
ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through the switch.
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8.6 Port-based VLANs
Port-based VLANs are VLANs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the
destination MAC address and its associated port.
Port-based VLANs require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if
you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference
rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port
through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.
Port-based VLANs are specific only to the switch on which they were created.
Note: When you activate port-based VLAN, the switch uses a default VLAN ID of 1.
You cannot change it.
In screens (such as IP Setup and Filtering) that require a VID, you must enter
1 as the VID.
The port-based VLAN setup screen is shown next. The CPU management port forms a VLAN
with all Ethernet ports.
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN
Select Port Based as the VLAN Type in the Switch Setup screen and then click VLAN
from the navigation panel to display the next screen.
88 Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 35 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected)
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Chapter 8 VLAN 89
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Figure 36 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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]
Table 17 Port Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Setting Wizard Choose All connected or Port isolation.
All connected means all ports can communicate with each other, that is, there are no
virtual LANs. All incoming and outgoing ports are selected. This option is the most
flexible but also the least secure.
Port isolation means that each port can only communicate with the CPU
management port and cannot communicate with each other. All incoming ports are
selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most limiting
but also the most secure.
After you make your selection, click Apply (top right of screen) to display the screens
as mentioned above. You can still customize these settings by adding/deleting
incoming or outgoing ports, but you must also click Apply at the bottom of the screen.
Incoming These are the ingress ports; an ingress port is an incoming port, that is, a port through
which a data packet enters. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the ingress port for both ports. The numbers in the top row
denote the incoming port for the corresponding port listed on the left (its outgoing port).
CPU refers to the switch management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all
Ethernet ports. If it does not form a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot
be managed from that port.
Outgoing These are the egress ports; an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port through
Apply Click Apply to save the changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.
which a data packet leaves. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the egress port for both ports. CPU refers to the switch
management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all Ethernet ports. If it does not form
a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot be managed from that port.
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92 Chapter 8 VLAN
Static MAC Forward Setup
Use these screens to configure static MAC address forwarding.
9.1 Overview
A static MAC address is an address that has been manually entered in the MAC address table.
Static MAC addresses do not age out. When you set up static MAC address rules, you are
setting static MAC addresses for a port. This may reduce the need for broadcasting.
Static MAC address forwarding together with port security allows you to allow only
computers in the MAC address table to access the switch. See Chapter 17 on page 119 for
more information on port security.
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9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding
Click Advanced Applications, Static MAC Forwarding in the navigation panel to display
the configuration screen as shown. Scroll down to the bottom of the screen to view the
summary table for the settings.
Figure 37 Static MAC Forwarding
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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Table 18 Static MAC Forwarding
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a rule
Name Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) for identification
MAC Address Enter the MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal
VID Enter the VLAN identification number.
Port Select a port where the MAC address entered in the previous field will be
Add After you set the fields above, click Add to insert a new rule.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Clear Click Clear to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Index Click an index number to modify the settings.
Active This field displays whether this static MAC address forwarding rule is active (Yes) or
Name This field displays the descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC
MAC Address This field displays the MAC address that will be forwarded and the VLAN identification
Port This field displays the port where the MAC address shown in the next field will be
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
without deleting it by clearing this check box.
purposes for this static MAC address forwarding rule.
character pairs.
Note: Static MAC addresses do not age out.
automatically forwarded.
not (No). You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it.
address-forwarding rule.
number to which the MAC address belongs.
forwarded.
94 Chapter 9 Static MAC Forward Setup
This chapter discusses static MAC address port filtering.
10.1 Overview
Filtering means sifting traffic going through the switch based on the source and/or destination
MAC addresses and VLAN group (ID).
10.2 Configure a Filtering Rule
Click Advanced Application, Filtering in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown
next. Scroll down to the bottom of the screen to view the summary table for the settings.
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CHAPTER 10
Filtering
Figure 38 Filtering
The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 19 FIltering
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Make sure to select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily
deactivate a rule without deleting it by deselecting this check box.
Name Type a descriptive name (up to 32 printable ASCII characters). This is for
identification purpose only.
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Table 19 FIltering (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Action Select Discard source to drop frame from the source MAC address (specified in the
MAC Type a MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character
VID Type the VLAN group identification number.
Add Click Add to save the new rule to the switch. It then displays in the summary table at
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Clear Click Clear to clear the fields to the factory defaults.
Index This field displays the index number of the rule. Click an index number to change the
Active This field displays Yes when the rule is activated and No when is it deactivated.
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this rule.
MAC Address This field displays the source/destination MAC address with the VLAN identification
Action This field displays the filter action.
Delete Check the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete column and then click the
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the selected checkbox(es) in the Delete column.
MAC field). The switch can still send frames to the MAC address.
Select Discard destination to drop frames to the destination MAC address (specified
in the MAC field). The switch can still receive frames originating from the MAC
address.
Select Discard source and Discard destination to block traffic to/from the MAC
address specified in the MAC field.
pairs.
the bottom of the screen.
settings.
number to which the MAC address belongs.
Delete button.
96 Chapter 10 Filtering
Spanning Tree Protocol
This chapter introduces the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP).
11.1 Overview
STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches, bridges or
routers. It allows a switch to interact with other STP-compliant switches in your network to
ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network.
11.1.1 STP Terminology
The root bridge is the base of the spanning tree; it is the bridge with the lowest identifier value
(MAC address).
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Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame onto a LAN through that port. It is assigned
according to the speed of the link to which a port is attached. The slower the media, the higher
the cost.
Table 20 STP Path Costs
LINK SPEED
Path Cost 4Mbps 250 100 to 1000 1 to 65535
Path Cost 10Mbps 100 50 to 600 1 to 65535
Path Cost 16Mbps 62 40 to 400 1 to 65535
Path Cost 100Mbps 19 10 to 60 1 to 65535
Path Cost 1Gbps 4 3 to 10 1 to 65535
Path Cost 10Gbps 2 1 to 5 1 to 65535
On each bridge, the root port is the port through which this bridge communicates with the root.
It is the port on this switch with the lowest path cost to the root (the root path cost). If there is
no root port, then this switch has been accepted as the root bridge of the spanning tree
network.
For each LAN segment, a designated bridge is selected. This bridge has the lowest cost to the
root among the bridges connected to the LAN.
RECOMMENDED
VALUE
RECOMMENDED
RANGE
ALLOWED
RANGE
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11.1.2 How STP Works
After a bridge determines the lowest cost-spanning tree with STP, it enables the root port and
the ports that are the designated ports for connected LANs, and disables all other ports that
participate in STP. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between enabled ports,
eliminating any possible network loops.
STP-aware switches exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) periodically. When the
bridged LAN topology changes, a new spanning tree is constructed.
Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs
(Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the root bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello
BPDU after a predefined interval (Max Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the root
bridge is down. This bridge then initiates negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the
network to re-establish a valid network topology.
11.1.3 STP Port States
STP assigns five port states to eliminate packet looping. A bridge port is not allowed to go
directly from blocking state to forwarding state so as to eliminate transient loops.
Table 21 STP Port States
PORT STATE DESCRIPTION
Disabled STP is disabled (default).
Blocking Only configuration and management BPDUs are received and processed.
Listening All BPDUs are received and processed.
Learning All BPDUs are received and processed. Information frames are submitted to the
Forwarding All BPDUs are received and processed. All information frames are received and
11.2 STP Status
Click Advanced Application, Spanning Tree Protocol in the navigation panel to display the
status screen as shown next.
learning process but not forwarded.
forwarded.
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Figure 39 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 22 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Configuration Click Configuration to configure STP settings. Refer to Section 11.2.1 on page
Bridge Root refers to the base of the spanning tree (the root bridge). Our Bridge is this
Bridge ID This is the unique identifier for this bridge, consisting of bridge priority plus MAC
Hello Time
(second)
Max Age (second) This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch can wait without receiving a
Forwarding Delay
(second)
Cost to Bridge This is the path cost from the root port on this switch to the root switch.
Port ID This is the priority and number of the port on the switch through which this switch
Topology Changed
Times
Time Since Last
Change
This field displays Running if STP is activated. Otherwise, it displays Down.
100.
switch. This switch may also be the root bridge.
address. This ID is the same for Root and Our Bridge if the switch is the root
switch.
This is the time interval (in seconds) at which the root switch transmits a
configuration message. The root bridge determines Hello Time, Max Age and
Forwarding Delay
configuration message before attempting to reconfigure.
This is the time (in seconds) the root switch will wait before changing states (that
is, listening to learning to forwarding).
must communicate with the root of the Spanning Tree.
This is the number of times the spanning tree has been reconfigured.
This is the time since the spanning tree was last reconfigured.
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