GS-2724
Ethernet Switch
User’s Guide
Version 3.70
4/2007
Edition 1
www.zyxel.com
About This User's Guide
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the GS-2724 using the web
configurator or via commands. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP
networking concepts and topology.
Related Documentation
• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains
information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access.
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
" It is recommended you use the web configurator to configure the Switch.
• Supporting Disk
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
• ZyXEL Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com
certifications.
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. Send all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team,
ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II,
Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
for additional support documentation and product
GS-2724 User’s Guide
3
Document Conventions
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
1 Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
" Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The GS-2724 may be referred to as the “Switch”, the “device”, the “system” or the
“product” in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER]
means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key.
“Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example,
Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation
panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For
example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000”
or “1048576” and so on.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.
4
GS-2724 User’s Guide
Document Conventions
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The Switch icon is not an
exact representation of your device.
Switch Computer Notebook computer
Server DSLAM Firewall
Telephone Switch Router
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5
Safety Warnings
Safety Warnings
1 For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect it to the right
supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power source.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.
• The length of exposed (bare) power wire should not exceed 7mm.
6
This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.
GS-2724 User’s Guide
Safety Warnings
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Safety Warnings
8
GS-2724 User’s Guide
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
Introduction and Hardware ...................................................................................................31
Getting to Know Your Switch ..................................................................................................... 33
Hardware Installation and Connection ....................................................................................... 37
Hardware Overview ................................................................................................................... 41
Basic Configuration ...............................................................................................................47
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................... 49
Initial Setup Example ................................................................................................................. 59
System Status and Port Statistics ..............................................................................................65
Basic Setting ............................................................................................................................. 71
Advanced ................................................................................................................................83
VLAN ......................................................................................................................................... 85
Static MAC Forward Setup ........................................................................................................ 97
Filtering ...................................................................................................................................... 99
Spanning Tree Protocol ........................................................................................................... 101
Bandwidth Control ....................................................................................................................111
Broadcast Storm Control ..........................................................................................................113
Mirroring ...................................................................................................................................115
Link Aggregation .......................................................................................................................117
Port Authentication .................................................................................................................. 121
Port Security ............................................................................................................................ 127
Classifier .................................................................................................................................. 131
Policy Rule ............................................................................................................................... 137
Queuing Method ...................................................................................................................... 143
VLAN Stacking ......................................................................................................................... 147
Multicast .................................................................................................................................. 153
IP Application ....................................................................................................................... 165
Static Route ............................................................................................................................. 167
RIP .......................................................................................................................................... 169
IGMP ....................................................................................................................................... 171
Differentiated Services ............................................................................................................. 173
DHCP ...................................................................................................................................... 177
Management ......................................................................................................................... 185
Maintenance ............................................................................................................................ 187
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Contents Overview
Access Control ........................................................................................................................ 193
Diagnostic ................................................................................................................................ 205
Syslog ...................................................................................................................................... 207
Cluster Management ................................................................................................................211
MAC Table ............................................................................................................................... 217
IP Table .................................................................................................................................... 219
ARP Table ................................................................................................................................ 221
Routing Table ........................................................................................................................... 223
Configure Clone ....................................................................................................................... 225
CLI and Troubleshooting .....................................................................................................227
Introducing Commands ..........................................................................................................229
User and Enable Mode Commands ........................................................................................ 263
Configuration Mode Commands .............................................................................................. 269
Interface Commands ............................................................................................................... 281
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ................................................................................. 289
Multicast VLAN Registration Commands ................................................................................ 297
Routing Domain Command Examples .................................................................................... 299
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 301
Appendices and Index ......................................................................................................... 303
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
About This User's Guide ..........................................................................................................3
Document Conventions............................................................................................................4
Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................6
Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................9
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... 11
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... 23
List of Tables...........................................................................................................................27
Part I: Introduction and Hardware ........................................................ 31
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch.................................................................................................33
1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 33
1.1.1 Backbone Application ................................................................................................. 33
1.1.2 Bridging Example ....................................................................................................... 34
1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example ....................................................................... 34
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples ................................................................ 35
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection .................................................................................37
2.1 Freestanding Installation ..................................................................................................... 37
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .......................................................................................... 38
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements .................................................................. 38
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch .......................................................... 38
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .................................................................................. 39
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview................................................................................................................. 41
3.1 Front Panel Connection ...................................................................................................... 41
3.1.1 Console Port ............................................................................................................. 41
3.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Ports ............................................................................................... 42
3.1.3 SFP Slots .................................................................................................................. 42
3.2 Rear Panel .......................................................................................................................... 44
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Table of Contents
3.2.1 Power Connector ....................................................................................................... 44
3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector ............................................................... 44
3.3 LEDs ................................................................................................................................ 44
Part II: Basic Configuration................................................................... 47
Chapter 4
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................49
4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 49
4.2 System Login .................................................................................................................... 49
4.3 The Status Screen .......................................................................................................... 50
4.3.1 Change Your Password .......................................................................................... 54
4.4 Saving Your Configuration ................................................................................................... 54
4.5 Switch Lockout .................................................................................................................. 55
4.6 Resetting the Switch ......................................................................................................... 55
4.6.1 Reload the Configuration File .................................................................................... 55
4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ................................................................................. 57
4.8 Help .................................................................................................................................... 57
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example..............................................................................................................59
5.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 59
5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface ........................................................................................ 59
5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings ............................................................................ 60
5.1.3 Creating a VLAN ........................................................................................................ 61
5.1.4 Setting Port VID .........................................................................................................62
5.1.5 Enabling RIP .............................................................................................................. 62
Chapter 6
System Status and Port Statistics.........................................................................................65
6.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 65
6.2 Port Status Summary ...................................................................................................... 65
6.2.1 Status: Port Details ................................................................................................66
Chapter 7
Basic Setting .......................................................................................................................... 71
7.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 71
7.2 System Information ........................................................................................................... 71
7.3 General Setup ................................................................................................................. 73
7.4 Introduction to VLANs ......................................................................................................... 75
7.5 Switch Setup Screen ........................................................................................................ 76
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7.6 IP Setup ............................................................................................................................ 78
7.6.1 IP Interfaces ............................................................................................................... 78
7.7 Port Setup ........................................................................................................................... 80
Part III: Advanced................................................................................... 83
Chapter 8
VLAN ........................................................................................................................................ 85
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs .................................................................. 85
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames ................................................................ 85
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration ............................................................................................ 86
8.2.1 GARP ......................................................................................................................... 86
8.2.2 GVRP ......................................................................................................................... 86
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking ........................................................................................................... 87
8.4 Select the VLAN Type ........................................................................................................ 87
8.5 Static VLAN ......................................................................................................................... 88
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status .................................................................................................... 88
8.5.2 Static VLAN Details ................................................................................................... 89
8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN ........................................................................................ 89
8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings ................................................................................ 91
8.6 Port-based VLAN Setup .................................................................................................92
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN ................................................................................... 93
Chapter 9
Static MAC Forward Setup..................................................................................................... 97
9.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 97
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ............................................................................... 97
Chapter 10
Filtering....................................................................................................................................99
10.1 Configure a Filtering Rule ............................................................................................... 99
Chapter 11
Spanning Tree Protocol........................................................................................................101
11.1 STP/RSTP Overview ..................................................................................................... 101
11.1.1 STP Terminology ................................................................................................... 101
11.1.2 How STP Works .................................................................................................... 102
11.1.3 STP Port States ..................................................................................................... 103
11.1.4 Multiple RSTP ...................................................................................................... 103
11.2 Spanning Tree Protocol Main Screen ............................................................................. 104
11.3 Configure Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ..................................................................... 104
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11.4 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status ........................................................................ 106
11.5 Configure Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ........................................................ 107
11.6 Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status ........................................................... 109
Chapter 12
Bandwidth Control................................................................................................................ 111
12.1 Bandwidth Control Overview ..........................................................................................111
12.1.1 CIR and PIR ............................................................................................................111
12.2 Bandwidth Control Setup .................................................................................................. 111
Chapter 13
Broadcast Storm Control ..................................................................................................... 113
13.1 Broadcast Storm Control Setup .......................................................................................113
Chapter 14
Mirroring ................................................................................................................................ 115
14.1 Port Mirroring Setup ........................................................................................................115
Chapter 15
Link Aggregation .................................................................................................................. 117
15.1 Link Aggregation Overview ..............................................................................................117
15.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation ..............................................................................................117
15.2.1 Link Aggregation ID ................................................................................................118
15.3 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ........................................................................118
15.4 Link Aggregation Setup ..................................................................................................119
Chapter 16
Port Authentication............................................................................................................... 121
16.1 Port Authentication Overview ......................................................................................... 121
16.1.1 RADIUS .................................................................................................................121
16.2 Port Authentication Configuration .................................................................................... 123
16.2.1 Configuring RADIUS Server Settings ................................................................. 123
16.2.2 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security ........................................................................... 124
Chapter 17
Port Security.......................................................................................................................... 127
17.1 About Port Security ......................................................................................................... 127
17.2 Port Security Setup .......................................................................................................... 127
Chapter 18
Classifier................................................................................................................................131
18.1 About the Classifier and QoS .......................................................................................... 131
18.2 Configuring the Classifier ...............................................................................................131
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18.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration ................................................................... 134
18.4 Classifier Example ........................................................................................................... 135
Chapter 19
Policy Rule............................................................................................................................. 137
19.1 Policy Rules Overview ....................................................................................................137
19.1.1 DiffServ .................................................................................................................. 137
19.1.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ................................................................................. 137
19.2 Configuring Policy Rules ................................................................................................. 138
19.3 Viewing and Editing Policy Configuration ........................................................................ 141
19.4 Policy Example ................................................................................................................ 142
Chapter 20
Queuing Method.................................................................................................................... 143
20.1 Queuing Method Overview ............................................................................................. 143
20.1.1 Strictly Priority Queuing .......................................................................................... 143
20.1.2 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ........................................................... 143
20.2 Configuring Queuing ........................................................................................................ 144
Chapter 21
VLAN Stacking ...................................................................................................................... 147
21.1 VLAN Stacking Overview ................................................................................................ 147
21.1.1 VLAN Stacking Example ........................................................................................ 147
21.2 VLAN Stacking Port Roles ............................................................................................... 148
21.3 VLAN Tag Format ............................................................................................................ 149
21.3.1 Frame Format ........................................................................................................ 149
21.4 Configuring VLAN Stacking ............................................................................................. 150
Chapter 22
Multicast ................................................................................................................................ 153
22.1 Multicast Overview ......................................................................................................... 153
22.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses ........................................................................................... 153
22.1.2 IGMP Filtering ........................................................................................................ 153
22.1.3 IGMP Snooping ..................................................................................................... 153
22.2 Multicast Status .............................................................................................................. 154
22.3 Multicast Setting ............................................................................................................. 154
22.4 IGMP Filtering Profile ..................................................................................................... 156
22.5 MVR Overview ................................................................................................................ 158
22.5.1 Types of MVR Ports ............................................................................................... 158
22.5.2 MVR Modes ........................................................................................................... 158
22.5.3 How MVR Works .................................................................................................... 158
22.6 General MVR Configuration ............................................................................................ 159
22.7 MVR Group Configuration .............................................................................................. 161
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Table of Contents
22.7.1 MVR Configuration Example .................................................................................. 162
Part IV: IP Application.......................................................................... 165
Chapter 23
Static Route ........................................................................................................................... 167
23.1 Configuring Static Routing ............................................................................................. 167
Chapter 24
RIP .........................................................................................................................................169
24.1 RIP Overview ................................................................................................................... 169
24.2 Configuring RIP .............................................................................................................. 169
Chapter 25
IGMP.......................................................................................................................................171
25.1 IGMP Overview ............................................................................................................... 171
25.2 Configuring IGMP ............................................................................................................ 171
Chapter 26
Differentiated Services.........................................................................................................173
26.1 DiffServ Overview ........................................................................................................... 173
26.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ................................................................................ 173
26.1.2 DiffServ Network Example .................................................................................... 173
26.2 Activating DiffServ .......................................................................................................... 174
26.3 DSCP-to-IEEE 802.1p Priority Settings ......................................................................... 175
26.3.1 Configuring DSCP Settings .................................................................................... 175
Chapter 27
DHCP...................................................................................................................................... 177
27.1 DHCP Overview ............................................................................................................. 177
27.1.1 DHCP modes ........................................................................................................ 177
27.2 DHCP Server Status ........................................................................................................177
27.3 Configuring DHCP Server .............................................................................................. 178
27.3.1 DHCP Server Configuration Example .................................................................... 180
27.4 DHCP Relay ................................................................................................................... 181
27.4.1 DHCP Relay Agent Information ............................................................................. 181
27.4.2 Configuring DHCP Relay ....................................................................................... 181
27.4.3 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ..................................................................... 182
Part V: Management............................................................................. 185
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Table of Contents
Chapter 28
Maintenance .......................................................................................................................... 187
28.1 The Maintenance Screen .............................................................................................. 187
28.2 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................................ 188
28.3 Restore a Configuration File ......................................................................................... 188
28.4 Backup a Configuration File ......................................................................................... 189
28.5 Load Factory Default ...................................................................................................... 189
28.6 Save Configuration .......................................................................................................... 190
28.7 Reboot System ................................................................................................................ 190
28.8 FTP Command Line ........................................................................................................ 191
28.8.1 Filename Conventions .......................................................................................... 191
28.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ............................................................................ 191
28.8.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .......................................................................................... 192
28.8.4 FTP Restrictions .................................................................................................... 192
Chapter 29
Access Control...................................................................................................................... 193
29.1 Access Control Overview ............................................................................................ 193
29.2 The Access Control Main Screen .................................................................................... 193
29.3 About SNMP .................................................................................................................. 194
29.3.1 Supported MIBs ................................................................................................... 195
29.3.2 SNMP Traps ......................................................................................................... 195
29.3.3 Configuring SNMP ................................................................................................ 195
29.3.4 Setting Up Login Accounts ................................................................................. 196
29.4 SSH Overview ................................................................................................................. 198
29.5 How SSH works ............................................................................................................... 198
29.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch ................................................................................. 199
29.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH ................................................................................. 199
29.7 Introduction to HTTPS .....................................................................................................199
29.8 HTTPS Example .............................................................................................................. 200
29.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ..................................................................... 200
29.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages ................................................................ 201
29.8.3 The Main Screen .................................................................................................... 201
29.9 Service Port Access Control ......................................................................................... 202
29.10 Remote Management ............................................................................................... 203
Chapter 30
Diagnostic.............................................................................................................................. 205
30.1 Diagnostic ....................................................................................................................... 205
Chapter 31
Syslog .................................................................................................................................... 207
31.1 Syslog Overview .............................................................................................................. 207
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31.2 Syslog Setup .................................................................................................................. 207
31.3 Syslog Server Setup ....................................................................................................... 208
Chapter 32
Cluster Management.............................................................................................................211
32.1 Cluster Management Status Overview ............................................................................211
32.2 Cluster Management Status ........................................................................................... 212
32.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ................................................................... 213
32.3 Clustering Management Configuration .......................................................................... 214
Chapter 33
MAC Table..............................................................................................................................217
33.1 MAC Table Overview ...................................................................................................... 217
33.2 Viewing the MAC Table ................................................................................................... 218
Chapter 34
IP Table ..................................................................................................................................219
34.1 IP Table Overview ........................................................................................................... 219
34.2 Viewing the IP Table ........................................................................................................ 220
Chapter 35
ARP Table ..............................................................................................................................221
35.1 ARP Table Overview .......................................................................................................221
35.1.1 How ARP Works .................................................................................................... 221
35.2 Viewing the ARP Table ................................................................................................... 221
Chapter 36
Routing Table ........................................................................................................................223
36.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 223
36.2 Viewing the Routing Table .............................................................................................. 223
Chapter 37
Configure Clone.................................................................................................................... 225
37.1 Configure Clone .............................................................................................................. 225
Part VI: CLI and Troubleshooting ....................................................... 227
Chapter 38
Introducing Commands.......................................................................................................229
38.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 229
38.2 Accessing the CLI ............................................................................................................ 229
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38.2.1 The Console Port ................................................................................................... 229
38.3 The Login Screen ........................................................................................................... 230
38.4 Command Syntax Conventions ....................................................................................... 230
38.5 Changing the Password .................................................................................................. 231
38.6 Privilege Levels ............................................................................................................... 231
38.7 Command Modes ............................................................................................................ 232
38.8 Getting Help ..................................................................................................................... 233
38.8.1 List of Available Commands ................................................................................... 234
38.9 Using Command History .................................................................................................. 235
38.10 Saving Your Configuration ............................................................................................. 235
38.10.1 Configuration File ................................................................................................. 236
38.10.2 Logging Out .......................................................................................................... 236
38.11 Command Summary ...................................................................................................... 236
38.11.1 User Mode ............................................................................................................ 236
38.11.2 Enable Mode ........................................................................................................ 237
38.11.3 General Configuration Mode ................................................................................ 242
38.11.4 interface port-channel Commands ....................................................................... 255
38.11.5 interface route-domain Commands ...................................................................... 258
38.11.6 config-vlan Commands ......................................................................................... 259
38.12 mvr Commands .............................................................................................................260
Chapter 39
User and Enable Mode Commands..................................................................................... 263
39.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 263
39.2 show Commands .............................................................................................................263
39.2.1 show system-information ...................................................................................... 263
39.2.2 show ip ................................................................................................................... 264
39.2.3 show logging ......................................................................................................... 264
39.2.4 show interface ....................................................................................................... 264
39.2.5 show mac address-table ....................................................................................... 265
39.3 ping ................................................................................................................................. 266
39.4 traceroute ........................................................................................................................ 266
39.5 Copy Port Attributes ........................................................................................................ 267
39.6 Configuration File Maintenance ...................................................................................... 267
39.6.1 Using a Different Configuration File ....................................................................... 268
39.6.2 Resetting to the Factory Default ............................................................................. 268
Chapter 40
Configuration Mode Commands .........................................................................................269
40.1 Change the Out of Band Management IP Address ......................................................... 269
40.2 Enabling IGMP Snooping ................................................................................................ 269
40.3 Configure IGMP Filter ...................................................................................................... 270
40.4 Enabling STP ................................................................................................................... 271
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40.5 no Command Examples .................................................................................................. 273
40.5.1 Disable Commands ............................................................................................... 273
40.5.2 Resetting Commands ............................................................................................. 273
40.5.3 Re-enable commands ............................................................................................ 273
40.5.4 Other Examples of no Commands ......................................................................... 274
40.6 Static Route Commands .................................................................................................. 276
40.7 Enabling MAC Filtering ....................................................................................................276
40.8 Enabling Trunking ............................................................................................................ 277
40.9 Enabling Port Authentication ........................................................................................... 278
40.9.1 RADIUS Server Settings ........................................................................................ 278
40.9.2 Port Authentication Settings ................................................................................... 279
Chapter 41
Interface Commands ............................................................................................................281
41.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 281
41.2 Interface Command Examples ........................................................................................ 281
41.2.1 interface port-channel ........................................................................................... 281
41.2.2 bpdu-control .......................................................................................................... 281
41.2.3 broadcast-limit ....................................................................................................... 282
41.2.4 bandwidth-limit ...................................................................................................... 282
41.2.5 mirror ..................................................................................................................... 283
41.2.6 gvrp ....................................................................................................................... 284
41.2.7 ingress-check ........................................................................................................ 284
41.2.8 frame-type .............................................................................................................284
41.2.9 weight .................................................................................................................... 285
41.2.10 egress set ............................................................................................................285
41.2.11 qos priority ............................................................................................................ 286
41.2.12 name .................................................................................................................... 286
41.2.13 speed-duplex ........................................................................................................ 286
41.2.14 test ....................................................................................................................... 287
41.3 Interface no Command Examples ................................................................................... 287
41.3.1 no bandwidth-limit .................................................................................................. 287
Chapter 42
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands .............................................................................. 289
42.1 Configuring Tagged VLAN ............................................................................................... 289
42.2 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands .............................................. 290
42.2.1 GARP Status .......................................................................................................... 290
42.2.2 GARP Timer .......................................................................................................... 290
42.2.3 GVRP Timer ........................................................................................................... 291
42.2.4 Enable GVRP ......................................................................................................... 291
42.2.5 Disable GVRP ........................................................................................................ 291
42.3 Port VLAN Commands .................................................................................................... 291
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42.3.1 Set Port VID .......................................................................................................... 291
42.3.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type ................................................................................... 292
42.3.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP ................................................................................ 292
42.3.4 Modify Static VLAN ............................................................................................... 292
42.3.5 Delete VLAN ID ...................................................................................................... 294
42.4 Enable VLAN ................................................................................................................... 294
42.5 Disable VLAN .................................................................................................................. 294
42.6 Show VLAN Setting ........................................................................................................294
Chapter 43
Multicast VLAN Registration Commands...........................................................................297
43.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 297
43.2 Create Multicast VLAN .................................................................................................. 297
Chapter 44
Routing Domain Command Examples................................................................................ 299
44.1 interface route-domain ..................................................................................................... 299
Chapter 45
Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................301
45.1 Problems Starting up the Switch ...................................................................................... 301
45.2 Problems Accessing the Switch ...................................................................................... 301
45.3 Problems with the Password ........................................................................................... 302
Part VII: Appendices and Index .......................................................... 303
Appendix A Product Specifications.......................................................................................305
Appendix B Changing a Fuse .............................................................................................. 311
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ...................................... 313
Appendix D IP Addresses and Subnetting ........................................................................... 319
Appendix E Common Services............................................................................................. 329
Appendix F Legal Information ..............................................................................................333
Appendix G Customer Support ............................................................................................337
Index....................................................................................................................................... 341
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GS-2724 User’s Guide
List of Figures
List of Figures
Figure 1 Backbone Application .............................................................................................................. 33
Figure 2 Bridging Application ................................................................................................................ 34
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application ............................................................... 34
Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ...................................................................................... 35
Figure 5 Attaching Rubber Feet ............................................................................................................ 37
Figure 6 Attaching the Mounting Brackets ............................................................................................. 39
Figure 7 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ............................................................................................... 39
Figure 8 Front Panel ............................................................................................................................... 41
Figure 9 Transceiver Installation Example ............................................................................................. 43
Figure 10 Installed Transceiver .............................................................................................................. 43
Figure 11 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ............................................................................ 43
Figure 12 Transceiver Removal Example .............................................................................................. 43
Figure 13 Rear Panel: AC Model ............................................................................................................ 44
Figure 14 Rear Panel: DC Model ........................................................................................................... 44
Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login ....................................................................................................... 50
Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .............................................................................. 50
Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password .................................................................................54
Figure 18 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port ........................................................................... 56
Figure 19 Web Configurator: Logout Screen ......................................................................................... 57
Figure 20 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface .......................................................................... 59
Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ................................................................................... 61
Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ............................................................................... 62
Figure 23 Port Status .............................................................................................................................. 65
Figure 24 Port Details ............................................................................................................................. 67
Figure 25 System Info ........................................................................................................................... 72
Figure 26 General Setup ....................................................................................................................... 74
Figure 27 Switch Setup ......................................................................................................................... 76
Figure 28 IP Setup .................................................................................................................................. 79
Figure 29 Port Setup ............................................................................................................................. 81
Figure 30 Port VLAN Trunking ............................................................................................................... 87
Figure 31 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type .......................................................................................... 87
Figure 32 VLAN Status ........................................................................................................................... 88
Figure 33 VLAN Detail ............................................................................................................................ 89
Figure 34 Static VLAN .......................................................................................................................... 90
Figure 35 VLAN Port Setting ................................................................................................................. 91
Figure 36 Port Based VLAN Setup (All connected) ...............................................................................94
Figure 37 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port isolation) ................................................................................ 95
Figure 38 Static MAC Forwarding .......................................................................................................... 97
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23
List of Figures
Figure 39 Filtering .................................................................................................................................. 99
Figure 40 MRSTP Network Example ................................................................................................... 103
Figure 41 Spanning Tree Protocol ........................................................................................................ 104
Figure 42 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol .............................................................................................. 105
Figure 43 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status .................................................................................. 107
Figure 44 Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ................................................................................108
Figure 45 Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status ......................................................................110
Figure 46 Bandwidth Control ................................................................................................................112
Figure 47 Broadcast Storm Control ......................................................................................................113
Figure 48 Mirroring ...............................................................................................................................115
Figure 49 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ..............................................................................118
Figure 50 Link Aggregation ...................................................................................................................119
Figure 51 RADIUS Server .................................................................................................................. 121
Figure 52 Port Authentication .............................................................................................................. 123
Figure 53 RADIUS ............................................................................................................................... 123
Figure 54 802.1x .................................................................................................................................. 124
Figure 55 Port Security ........................................................................................................................ 128
Figure 56 Classifier .............................................................................................................................. 132
Figure 57 Classifier: Summary Table ................................................................................................... 134
Figure 58 Classifier: Example .............................................................................................................. 136
Figure 59 Policy .................................................................................................................................... 139
Figure 60 Policy: Summary Table ........................................................................................................ 141
Figure 61 Policy: Example .................................................................................................................... 142
Figure 62 Queuing Method .................................................................................................................. 144
Figure 63 VLAN Stacking Example ..................................................................................................... 148
Figure 64 VLAN Stacking .................................................................................................................... 150
Figure 65 Multicast Status ................................................................................................................... 154
Figure 66 Multicast Setting .................................................................................................................. 155
Figure 67 IGMP Filtering Profile .......................................................................................................... 157
Figure 68 MVR Network Example ....................................................................................................... 158
Figure 69 MVR Multicast Television Example ..................................................................................... 159
Figure 70 MVR .................................................................................................................................... 160
Figure 71 Group Configuration ............................................................................................................ 162
Figure 72 MVR Configuration Example ............................................................................................... 163
Figure 73 MVR Configuration Example ............................................................................................... 163
Figure 74 MVR Group Configuration Example ................................................................................... 164
Figure 75 MVR Group Configuration Example .................................................................................... 164
Figure 76 Static Routing ...................................................................................................................... 167
Figure 77 RIP ...................................................................................................................................... 170
Figure 78 IGMP ................................................................................................................................... 171
Figure 79 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field .................................................................................... 173
Figure 80 DiffServ Network Example .................................................................................................. 174
Figure 81 DiffServ ................................................................................................................................ 174
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List of Figures
Figure 82 DSCP Setting ....................................................................................................................... 175
Figure 83 DHCP Server Status ............................................................................................................ 178
Figure 84 DHCP Server ........................................................................................................................ 179
Figure 85 DHCP Server Network Example .........................................................................................180
Figure 86 DHCP Server Configuration Example ................................................................................. 180
Figure 87 DHCP Relay ........................................................................................................................ 181
Figure 88 DHCP Relay Network Example ........................................................................................... 182
Figure 89 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ................................................................................... 183
Figure 90 Maintenance ........................................................................................................................ 187
Figure 91 Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................................................... 188
Figure 92 Restore Configuration ......................................................................................................... 189
Figure 93 Backup Configuration .......................................................................................................... 189
Figure 94 Load Factory Default ............................................................................................................ 190
Figure 95 Reboot System ..................................................................................................................... 190
Figure 96 Access Control .................................................................................................................... 193
Figure 97 SNMP Management Model ................................................................................................ 194
Figure 98 SNMP .................................................................................................................................. 196
Figure 99 Logins .................................................................................................................................. 197
Figure 100 SSH Communication Example ...........................................................................................198
Figure 101 How SSH Works ................................................................................................................. 198
Figure 102 HTTPS Implementation ...................................................................................................... 200
Figure 103 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ...................................................................... 200
Figure 104 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) ........................................................................................ 201
Figure 105 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) ........................................................................................ 201
Figure 106 Example: Lock Denoting a Secure Connection .................................................................. 202
Figure 107 Service Access Control ...................................................................................................... 202
Figure 108 Remote Management ........................................................................................................ 203
Figure 109 Diagnostic .......................................................................................................................... 205
Figure 110 Syslog Setup ...................................................................................................................... 208
Figure 111 Syslog Server Setup .......................................................................................................... 209
Figure 112 Clustering Application Example ......................................................................................... 212
Figure 113 Cluster Management Status .............................................................................................. 212
Figure 114 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen .................................... 213
Figure 115 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch ............................................. 214
Figure 116 Clustering Management Configuration ............................................................................. 215
Figure 117 MAC Table Flowchart ........................................................................................................ 217
Figure 118 MAC Table ......................................................................................................................... 218
Figure 119 IP Table Flowchart ............................................................................................................. 219
Figure 120 IP Table ............................................................................................................................. 220
Figure 121 ARP Table ......................................................................................................................... 222
Figure 122 Routing Table Status ......................................................................................................... 223
Figure 123 Configure Clone ................................................................................................................ 225
Figure 124 no port-access-authenticator Command Example ............................................................ 275
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List of Figures
Figure 125 Pop-up Blocker ................................................................................................................... 313
Figure 126 Internet Options .................................................................................................................. 314
Figure 127 Internet Options .................................................................................................................. 315
Figure 128 Pop-up Blocker Settings ..................................................................................................... 315
Figure 129 Internet Options .................................................................................................................. 316
Figure 130 Security Settings - Java Scripting ....................................................................................... 317
Figure 131 Security Settings - Java ...................................................................................................... 317
Figure 132 Java (Sun) .......................................................................................................................... 318
Figure 133 Network Number and Host ID ............................................................................................ 320
Figure 134 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting ............................................................................ 322
Figure 135 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting ............................................................................... 323
Figure 136 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example .................................................................... 327
Figure 137 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example .................................................................... 327
Figure 138 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example .................................................. 328
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List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1 Front Panel ............................................................................................................................... 41
Table 2 LEDs ......................................................................................................................................... 44
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview ....................................................................................... 51
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details .............................................................................. 52
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links ............................................................................................................. 52
Table 6 Port Status ................................................................................................................................ 65
Table 7 Port Details ............................................................................................................................... 67
Table 8 System Info ............................................................................................................................... 72
Table 9 General Setup ........................................................................................................................... 74
Table 10 Switch Setup ........................................................................................................................... 77
Table 11 IP Setup .................................................................................................................................. 79
Table 12 Port Setup ............................................................................................................................... 81
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology ............................................................................................ 86
Table 14 VLAN Status ............................................................................................................................ 88
Table 15 VLAN Detail ............................................................................................................................ 89
Table 16 Static VLAN ............................................................................................................................. 90
Table 17 VLAN Port Setting ................................................................................................................... 92
Table 18 Port Based VLAN Setup ......................................................................................................... 95
Table 19 Static MAC Forwarding ........................................................................................................... 98
Table 20 Filtering ................................................................................................................................... 99
Table 21 STP Path Costs .................................................................................................................... 102
Table 22 STP Port States .................................................................................................................... 103
Table 23 Spanning Tree Protocol ......................................................................................................... 104
Table 24 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol .............................................................................................. 105
Table 25 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status ................................................................................... 107
Table 26 Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ................................................................................. 108
Table 27 Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status .......................................................................110
Table 28 Bandwidth Control ..................................................................................................................112
Table 29 Broadcast Storm Control ........................................................................................................114
Table 30 Mirroring .................................................................................................................................116
Table 31 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch .........................................................................................118
Table 32 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ..........................................................................................118
Table 33 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ..............................................................................118
Table 34 Link Aggregation ................................................................................................................... 120
Table 35 Supported VSA ..................................................................................................................... 122
Table 36 Supported Tunnel Protocol Attribute ..................................................................................... 122
Table 37 RADIUS ................................................................................................................................ 123
Table 38 802.1x ................................................................................................................................... 124
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27
List of Tables
Table 39 Port Security ......................................................................................................................... 128
Table 40 Classifier ............................................................................................................................... 132
Table 41 Classifier: Summary Table .................................................................................................... 134
Table 42 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Number ................................................................... 134
Table 43 Common IP Ports .................................................................................................................. 135
Table 44 Policy .................................................................................................................................... 140
Table 45 Policy: Summary Table ......................................................................................................... 141
Table 46 Queuing Method ................................................................................................................... 144
Table 47 VLAN Tag Format ................................................................................................................. 149
Table 48 Single and Double Tagged 802.11Q Frame Format ............................................................. 149
Table 49 802.1Q Frame ....................................................................................................................... 149
Table 50 VLAN Stacking ...................................................................................................................... 150
Table 51 Multicast Status ..................................................................................................................... 154
Table 52 Multicast Setting .................................................................................................................... 155
Table 53 IGMP Filtering Profile ............................................................................................................ 157
Table 54 MVR ...................................................................................................................................... 160
Table 55 Group Configuration .............................................................................................................. 162
Table 56 Static Routing ........................................................................................................................ 167
Table 57 RIP ........................................................................................................................................ 170
Table 58 IGMP ..................................................................................................................................... 172
Table 59 DiffServ ................................................................................................................................. 174
Table 60 Default DSCP-IEEE 802.1p Mapping ................................................................................... 175
Table 61 DSCP Setting ........................................................................................................................ 176
Table 62 DHCP Server Status ............................................................................................................. 178
Table 63 DHCP Server ........................................................................................................................ 179
Table 64 DHCP Relay .......................................................................................................................... 182
Table 65 Maintenance ......................................................................................................................... 187
Table 66 Filename Conventions .......................................................................................................... 191
Table 67 Access Control Overview ...................................................................................................... 193
Table 68 SNMP Commands ................................................................................................................ 194
Table 69 SNMP Traps .......................................................................................................................... 195
Table 70 SNMP .................................................................................................................................... 196
Table 71 Logins ................................................................................................................................... 197
Table 72 Service Access Control ......................................................................................................... 203
Table 73 Remote Management ........................................................................................................... 203
Table 74 Diagnostic ............................................................................................................................. 205
Table 75 Syslog Severity Levels .......................................................................................................... 207
Table 76 Syslog Setup ......................................................................................................................... 208
Table 77 Syslog Server Setup ............................................................................................................. 209
Table 78 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications ......................................................................211
Table 79 Cluster Management Status .................................................................................................. 213
Table 80 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ............................................................................. 214
Table 81 Clustering Management Configuration ................................................................................. 215
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List of Tables
Table 82 MAC Table ............................................................................................................................ 218
Table 83 IP Table ................................................................................................................................. 220
Table 84 ARP Table ............................................................................................................................. 222
Table 85 Routing Table Status ............................................................................................................. 223
Table 86 Configure Clone .................................................................................................................... 226
Table 87 Command Interpreter Mode Summary ................................................................................. 232
Table 88 Command Summary: User Mode ......................................................................................... 236
Table 89 Command Summary: Enable Mode ...................................................................................... 237
Table 90 Command Summary: Configuration Mode ............................................................................ 242
Table 91 interface port-channel Commands ........................................................................................ 255
Table 92 interface route-domain Commands ....................................................................................... 258
Table 93 Command Summary: config-vlan Commands ...................................................................... 259
Table 94 Command Summary: mvr Commands .................................................................................. 260
Table 95 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch ........................................................................ 301
Table 96 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch .................................................................................301
Table 97 Troubleshooting the Password .............................................................................................. 302
Table 98 Firmware Features ................................................................................................................ 305
Table 99 General Product Specifications ............................................................................................. 307
Table 100 Management Specifications ................................................................................................ 309
Table 101 Physical and Environmental Specifications ......................................................................... 310
Table 102 Power Specifications ........................................................................................................... 310
Table 103 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example ........................................................... 320
Table 104 Subnet Masks ..................................................................................................................... 321
Table 105 Maximum Host Numbers .................................................................................................... 321
Table 106 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ....................................................................................... 321
Table 107 Subnet 1 .............................................................................................................................. 323
Table 108 Subnet 2 .............................................................................................................................. 324
Table 109 Subnet 3 .............................................................................................................................. 324
Table 110 Subnet 4 .............................................................................................................................. 324
Table 111 Eight Subnets ...................................................................................................................... 324
Table 112 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................ 325
Table 113 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................ 325
Table 114 Commonly Used Services ................................................................................................... 329
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List of Tables
30
GS-2724 User’s Guide
PART I
Introduction and
Hardware
Getting to Know Your Switch (33)
Hardware Installation and Connection (37)
Hardware Overview (41)
31
32
CHAPTER 1
Getting to Know Your Switch
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the Switch.
1.1 Introduction
Your Switch is a stand-alone layer-3 Gigabit Ethernet switch. By integrating router functions,
the Switch performs wire-speed layer-3 routing in addition to layer-2 switching. The Switch
has 20 Gigabit Ethernet ports and 4 GbE dual personality interfaces for uplink. A dual
personality interface includes one Gigabit port and one slot for mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP
module) with one port active at a time.
With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the Switch is easy. In addition,
the Switch can also be managed via Telnet, any terminal emulator program on the console
port, or third-party SNMP management.
See Appendix A on page 305 for a full list of software features available on the Switch.
1.1.1 Backbone Application
The Switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can be expected in the
near future. The Switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can
connect computers and servers directly to the Switch’s port or connect other switches to the
Switch.
In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the
network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print
servers etc.
Figure 1 Backbone Application
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Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
1.1.2 Bridging Example
In this example application the Switch connects different company departments (RD and
Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server
and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed
department servers via the Switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a
Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the Switch.
Moreover, the Switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to
centralize multiple servers at a single location.
Figure 2 Bridging Application
1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example
The Switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following
example, use trunking to connect these two networks.
Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not
feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and
adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The Switch can provide
the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters
and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely
communicate with each other.
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application
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Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from
stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.
For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 8 on page 85.
1.1.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example
Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network
performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by
adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.
Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server. In
the following figure only ports that need access to the server need to be part of VLAN 1. Ports
can belong to other VLAN groups too.
Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example
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Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
36
GS-2724 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 2
Hardware Installation and
Connection
This chapter shows you how to install the hardware and make port connections.
" Example graphics are shown.
2.1 Freestanding Installation
1 Make sure the Switch is clean and dry.
2 Set the Switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the
Switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.
3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the Switch to allow air circulation and the
attachment of cables and the power cord.
4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.
5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the Switch. These rubber feet help
protect the Switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when
stacking.
Figure 5 Attaching Rubber Feet
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Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
" Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when
stacking.
" For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the Switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the
installation steps.
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements
• Two mounting brackets.
• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
1 Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.
2.2.1.1 Precautions
• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.
• Make sure the position of the Switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take
all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch
1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the Switch, lining up the four screw holes on
the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the Switch.
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GS-2724 User’s Guide
Figure 6 Attaching the Mounting Brackets
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the Switch.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the
Switch.
4 You may now mount the Switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the Switch) on one side of the
rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
Figure 7 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the rack.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.
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Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
40
GS-2724 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 3
Hardware Overview
This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the Switch and shows you how to
make the hardware connections.
3.1 Front Panel Connection
The figure below shows the front panel of the Switch.
Figure 8 Front Panel
The following table describes the port labels on the front panel.
Table 1 Front Panel
PORT DESCRIPTION
MGMT Connect to a computer using an RJ-45 Ethernet cable for local configuration of the
CONSOLE Only connect this port if you want to configure the Switch using the command line
20 100/1000
Mbps RJ-45
Gigabit
Ethernet
Ports
Four Dual
Personality
Interfaces
Switch.
interface (CLI) via the console port.
Connect these ports to a computer, a hub, an Ethernet switch, or router.
Each interface has one 1000 Base-T copper RJ-45 port and one Small Form-Factor
Pluggable (SFP) fiber port, with one port active at a time.
• 4 100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 Gigabit Ports:
Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network
Ethernet switches.
•4 Mini-GBIC Ports:
Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optic connections to backbone
Ethernet switches (see Section 3.1.3 on page 42 for instructions).
3.1.1 Console Port
For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured
to the following parameters:
• VT100 terminal emulation
• 9600 bps
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
• No flow control
Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the Switch. Connect the
female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.
3.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Ports
The Switch has 10/100/1000 Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Gigabit Ethernet ports. In
10/100/1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet, the speed can be 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps or 1000 Mbps and
the duplex mode can be half duplex (for 100 Mbps) or full duplex.
An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed and duplex
mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.
An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or
crossover Ethernet cable.
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings
The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the Switch are:
• Speed: Auto
• Duplex: Auto
• Flow control: on
3.1.3 SFP Slots
The Switch comes with SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit
Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a single unit that houses a transmitter and a
receiver. The Switch does not come with transceivers. You must use transceivers that comply
with the SFP transceiver MultiSource Agreement (MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i
specification Rev 1.0 for details.
SFP transceivers can be standalone interfaces or part of a dual personality interface. Each dual
personality interface has one 1000 Base-T copper RJ-45 port and one Small Form-Factor
Pluggable (SFP) fiber slot for mini-GBIC transceivers, with one port active at a time. The
mini-GBIC ports have priority over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and
the corresponding Gigabit port are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be
disabled.
You can change transceivers while the Switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.
• Type: SFP connection interface
• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)
1 To avoid possible eye injury, do NOT look into an operating fiber-optic
module’s connectors.
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GS-2724 User’s Guide
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation
Use the following steps to install a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.
Figure 9 Transceiver Installation Example
2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
3 The Switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that
it is functioning properly.
Figure 10 Installed Transceiver
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal
Use the following steps to remove a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
Figure 11 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example
2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
Figure 12 Transceiver Removal Example
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3.2 Rear Panel
The following figures show the rear panels of the AC and DC models. The rear panel contains
a connector for backup power supply (BPS) and the power receptacle. For the DC model, it
also contains the power switch.
Figure 13 Rear Panel: AC Model
Figure 14 Rear Panel: DC Model
3.2.1 Power Connector
Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.
To connect the power to the AC model, insert the female end of power cord to the power
receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to a 100~240V
AC, 1.5A power outlet. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.
The DC model requires DC power supply input of -48 VDC to -60 VDC, 1.6A max, no
tolerance. To connect the power to the DC model, insert one end of the supplied power cord to
the power receptacle on the rear panel and the other end to a power outlet. Make sure that no
objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.
3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector
The backup power supply constantly monitors the status of the internal power supply. The
backup power supply automatically provides power to the Switch in the event of a power
failure. Once the Switch receives power from the backup power supply, it will not
automatically switch back to using the internal power supply even when the power is resumed.
3.3 LEDs
The following table describes the LEDs.
Table 2 LEDs
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
BPS Green Blinking The system is receiving power from the backup power supply.
On The backup power supply is connected and active.
Off The backup power supply is not ready or not active.
PWR Green On The system is turned on.
Off The system is off.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Table 2 LEDs (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.
On The system is on and functioning properly.
Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.
ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.
Off The system is functioning normally.
Gigabit Ethernet Ports
LNK/ACT Green On The port has a successful 10/1000 Mbps connection.
Amber On The port has a successful 100 Mbps connection.
Blinking The port is sending or receiving data.
Off The port is disconnected or the link failed.
FDX Amber On The port is in full duplex mode.
Blinking The port detected a collision event.
Off The port is in half duplex mode or there is no connection.
Mini-GBIC (SFP) Slots
LNK Green On The port has a successful connection.
Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port.
ACT Green Blinking The port is sending or receiving data.
Off The port is not sending or receiving data or there is no
MGMT Port
10 Green On The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Blinking The port is sending or receiving data at 10 Mbps.
Off The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is down.
100 Amber On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Blinking The port is sending or receiving data at 100 Mbps.
Off The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is down.
Gigabit Ethernet Ports (Part of Dual Personality Interface)
1000 Green Blinking The port is sending/receiving data.
On The link to a 10/1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to a 10/1000 Mbps Ethernet network is down.
100 Amber Blinking The port is sending/receiving data.
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is down.
connection.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
46
GS-2724 User’s Guide
PART II
Basic Configuration
The Web Configurator (49)
Initial Setup Example (59)
System Status and Port Statistics (65)
Basic Setting (71)
47
48
CHAPTER 4
The Web Configurator
This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.
4.1 Introduction
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy Switch setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by
default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
4.2 System Login
1 Start your web browser.
2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the Switch (for example, the default is 192.168.1.1)
in the Location or Address field. Press [ENTER].
3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default
password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time
server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.
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49
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login
4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.
4.3 The Status Screen
The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.
The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.
Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)
B
C
DE
A
50
A - Click the menu items to open submenu links, and then click on a submenu link to open the
screen in the main window.
B, C, D, E - These are quick links which allow you to perform certain tasks no matter which
screen you are currently working in.
GS-2724 User’s Guide
B - Click this link to save your configuration into the Switch’s nonvolatile memory.
Nonvolatile memory is the configuration of your Switch that stays the same even if the
Switch’s power is turned off.
C - Click this link to go to the status page of the Switch.
D - Click this link to logout of the web configurator.
E - Click this link to display web help pages. The help pages provide descriptions for all of the
configuration screens.
In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview
BASIC SETTING
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details
BASIC SETTING
System Info
General Setup
Switch Setup
IP Setup
Port Setup
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
VLAN
Static MAC Forwarding
Filtering
Spanning Tree Protocol
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm Control
Mirroring
Link Aggregation
Port Authentication
Port Security
Classifier
Policy Rule
Queuing Method
VLAN Stacking
Multicast
VLAN Status
VLAN Port Setting
Static VLAN
Status
Spanning Tree
Protocol Configuration
Status
RSTP
MRSTP
RADIUS
802.1x
Setting
Status
IGMP Filtering Profile
MVR
Group Configuration
IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
Static Routing
RIP
IGMP
DiffServ
DSCP Setting
DHCP Server Status
DHCP Server
DHCP Relay
Maintenance
Firmware Upgrade
Restore Configuration
Backup Configuration
Load Factory Default
Save Configuration
Reboot System
Access Control
SNMP
Logins
Service Access Control
Remote Management
Diagnostic
Syslog
Syslog Setup
Syslog Server Setup
Cluster Management
Status
Configuration
MAC Table
IP Table
ARP Table
Routing Table
Configure Clone
52
The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links
LINK DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings
System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware
monitoring information.
General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification
information about the Switch.
Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global Switch parameters
such as VLAN type, MAC address learning, IGMP snooping, GARP and priority
queues.
IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IP address, subnet
mask (necessary for Switch management) and DNS (domain name server) and set
up to 64 IP routing domains.
Port Setup This link takes you to screens where you can configure settings for individual
Switch ports.
Advanced Application
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q VLAN
(depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu).
Static MAC
Forwarding
Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Bandwidth
Control
Broadcast Storm
Control
Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports to
Link Aggregation This link takes you to a screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to
Port
Authentication
Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate MAC address learning and
Classifier This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the Switch to group
Policy Rule This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the Switch to perform
Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure queuing with associated
VLAN Stacking This link takes you to a screen where you can configure VLAN stacking.
Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure various multicast features
IP Application
Static Routing This link takes you to screens where you can configure static routes. A static route
RIP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the RIP (Routing
IGMP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IGMP settings.
DiffServ This link takes you to screens where you can enable DiffServ, configure marking
DHCP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the DHCP settings.
Management
Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration
Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password
Diagnostic This link takes you to screens where you can view system logs and test port(s).
This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses for a
port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.
This link takes you to screens where you can configure the RSTP/MRSTP to
prevent network loops.
This link takes you to screens where you can cap the maximum bandwidth allowed
from specified source(s) to specified destination(s).
This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.
another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without
interference
form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure RADIUS (Remote
Authentication Dial-In User Service), a protocol for user authentication that allows
you to use an external server to validate an unlimited number of users.
set the maximum number of MAC addresses to learn on a port.
packets based on the specified criteria.
special treatment on the grouped packets.
queue weights for each port.
and create multicast VLANs.
defines how the Switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP parameters
manually.
Information Protocol) direction and versions.
rules and set DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p mappings.
file maintenance as well as reboot the system.
and configure SNMP and remote management.
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
Syslog This link takes you to screens where you can setup system logs and a system log
server.
Cluster
Management
MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses (and types)
IP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the IP addresses (and types) of
ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses – IP
Routing Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the routing table.
Configure Clone This link takes you to a screen where you can copy attributes of one port to other
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management
and view its status.
of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
address resolution table.
ports.
4.3.1 Change Your Password
After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator
password. Click Management > Access Control > Logins to display the next screen.
Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password
4.4 Saving Your Configuration
When you are done modifying the settings in a screen, click Apply to save your changes back
to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s power is
turned off.
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Click the Save link in the upper right hand corner of the web configurator to save your
configuration to nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory refers to the Switch’s storage that
remains even if the Switch’s power is turned off.
" Use the Save link when you are done with a configuration session.
4.5 Switch Lockout
You could block yourself (and all others) from using in-band-management (managing through
the data ports) if you do one of the following:
1 Delete the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).
2 Delete all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the
management port of the Switch.
3 Filter all traffic to the CPU port.
4 Disable all ports.
5 Misconfigure the text configuration file.
6 Forget the password and/or IP address.
7 Prevent all services from accessing the Switch.
8 Change a service port number but forget it.
" Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the Switch. If you do lock
yourself out, try using out-of-band management (via the management port) to
configure the Switch.
4.6 Resetting the Switch
If you lock yourself (and others) from the Switch or forget the administrator password, you
will need to reload the factory-default configuration file or reset the Switch back to the factory
defaults.
4.6.1 Reload the Configuration File
Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the
factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations
and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600 bps with 8 data bits, no
parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and
the IP address to 192.168.1.1.
To upload the configuration file, do the following:
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See
Section 3.1.1 on page 41 for details.
2 Disconnect and reconnect the Switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect
the Switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.
3 When you see the message “
seconds ...
4 Type
atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.
5 Wait for the “
upload on your terminal.
6 After a configuration file upload, type
Figure 18 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port
Bootbase Version: V3.1 | 03/08/2007 18:22:24
RAM:Size = 64 Mbytes
DRAM POST: Testing: 65536K OK
DRAM Test SUCCESS !
FLASH: Intel 64M
ZyNOS Version: V3.70(AYC.0)b0 | 03/08/2007 14:39:15
Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3
” press any key to enter debug mode.
Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM
atgo to restart the Switch.
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.
............................................................
(Compressed)
Version: GS-2724, start: 500e9030
Length: A37326, Checksum: 2411
Compressed Length: 22F7C8, Checksum: CA3C
Copyright (c) 1994 - 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corp.
initialize mgmt, ethernet address: 00:19:cb:00:11:f9
initialize switch, ethernet address: 00:19:cb:00:11:fa
Initializing switch unit 0...
Initializing switch unit 1...
Initializing VLAN Database...
Initializing IP Interface...
Initializing Advanced Applications...
Initializing Command Line Interface...
Initializing Web Interface...
Press ENTER to continue...
The Switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default
password of “1234”.
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4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator
Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password
again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session for
security reasons.
Figure 19 Web Configurator: Logout Screen
4.8 Help
The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.
Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that
screen.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
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CHAPTER 5
Initial Setup Example
This chapter shows how to set up the Switch for an example network.
5.1 Overview
The following lists the configuration steps for the example network:
• Configure an IP interface
• Configure DHCP server settings
• Create a VLAN
• Set port VLAN ID
• Enable RIP
5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface
On a layer-3 switch, an IP interface (also known as an IP routing domain) is not bound to a
physical port. The default IP address of the Switch is 192.168.1.1 with a subnet mask of
255.255.255.0.
In the example network, since the RD network is already in the same IP interface as the
Switch, you don’t need to create an IP interface for it. However, if you want to have the Sales
network on a different routing domain, you need to create a new IP interface. This allows the
Switch to route traffic between the RD and Sales networks.
Figure 20 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface
1 Connect your computer to the MGMT port that is used only for management. Make
sure your computer is in the same subnet as the MGMT port.
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Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.0.1 (the default MGMT port IP address) in
the address bar to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 49 for more
information.
3 Click Basic Setting and IP Setup
in the navigation panel.
4 Configure the related fields in the
IP Setup screen.
For the Sales network, enter
192.168.2.1 as the IP address and
255.255.255.0 as the subnet
mask.
5 In the VID field, enter the ID of
the VLAN group to which you
want this IP interface to belong.
This is the same as the VLAN ID
you configure in the Static
VLAN screen.
6 Click Add to save the settings to
the run-time memory. Settings in
the run-time memory are lost
when the Switch’s power is
turned off.
5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings
You can set the Switch to assign network information (such as the IP address, DNS server,
etc.) to DHCP clients on the network.
For the example network, configure two DHCP client pools on the Switch for the DHCP
clients in the RD and Sales networks.
1 In the web configurator, click IP
Application and DHCP in the
navigation panel and click the
Server link.
2 In the DHCP Server screen,
specify the ID of the VLAN to
which the DHCP clients belong,
the starting IP address pool,
subnet mask, default gateway
address and the DNS server
address(es).
3 Click Add to save the settings to
the run-time memory. Settings in
the run-time memory are lost
when the Switch’s power is turned off.
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5.1.3 Creating a VLAN
VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can
do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.
In this example, you want to configure port 1 as a member of VLAN 2.
Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN
1 Click Advanced Application and VLAN in the navigation panel and click the Static
VLAN link.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
2 In the Static VLAN screen, select
ACTIVE, enter a descriptive
name in the Name field and enter
2 in the VLAN Group ID field
for the VLAN2 network.
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Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
" The VLAN Group ID field in this screen and the VID field in the IP Setup
screen refer to the same VLAN ID.
3 Since the VLAN2 network is connected to port 1 on the Switch, select Fixed to
configure port 1 to be a permanent member of the VLAN only.
4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware devices (such as computers and hubs) can receive frames
properly, clear the TX Tagging check box to set the Switch to remove VLAN tags before
sending.
5 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory
are lost when the Switch’s power is turned off.
5.1.4 Setting Port VID
Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames
are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 1 so that any untagged frames
received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.
Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID
1 Click Advanced Applications
and VLAN in the navigation
panel. Then click the VLAN
Port Setting link.
2 Enter 2 in the PVID field for
port 1 and click Apply to save
your changes back to the runtime memory. Settings in the
run-time memory are lost when
the Switch’s power is turned off.
5.1.5 Enabling RIP
To exchange routing information with other routing devices across different routing domains,
enable RIP (Routing Information Protocol) in the RIP screen.
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Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
1 Click IP Application and RIP in the navigation panel.
2 Select Both in the Direction
field to set the Switch to
broadcast and receive
routing information.
3 In the Ver si on field, select
RIP-1 for the RIP packet
format that is universally
supported.
4 Click Apply to save your
changes back to the run-time
memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s power is turned off.
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Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
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CHAPTER 6
System Status and Port
Statistics
This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details
screens.
6.1 Overview
The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary with links to each
port showing statistical details.
6.2 Port Status Summary
To view the port statistics, click Status in any web configurator screen to display the Status
screen as shown next.
Figure 23 Port Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 Port Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details
screen (refer to Figure 24 on page 67).
Name This is the name you assigned to this port in the Basic Setting, Port Setup screen.
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
Table 6 Port Status (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M
for 1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half). It also shows the cable
type (Copper or Fiber) for the combo ports.
State If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the
port (see Section 11.1 on page 101 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been
enabled on the port.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has
been up.
Clear Counter Enter a port number and then click Clear Counter to erase the recorded statistical
information for that port, or select Any to clear statistics for all ports.
6.2.1 Status: Port Details
Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics.
Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the
Switch.
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Figure 24 Port Details
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Port Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Info
Port NO. This field displays the port number you are viewing.
Name This field displays the name of the port.
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M for
1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half duplex). It also shows the
cable type (Copper or Fiber).
Status If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the port
(see Section 11.1 on page 101 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
Table 7 Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.
Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.
TX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.
Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags transmitted.
Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets received.
RX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.
Control This field shows the number of control packets received (including those with CRC
TX Collision
The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.
Single This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission is inhibited
Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission was
Excessive This is a count of packets for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.
Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the
Error Packet The following fields display detailed information about packets received that were in
RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check)
Length This field shows the number of packets received with a length that was out of range.
Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64
Distribution
64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64
65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
transmitted.
received.
error) but it does not include the 802.3x Pause packets.
by exactly one collision.
inhibited by more than one collision.
Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the
retransmission count is reset.
packets have already been transmitted.
error.
error(s).
octets), including the ones with CRC errors.
octets in length.
between 65 and 127 octets in length.
between 128 and 255 octets in length.
between 256 and 511 octets in length.
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
Table 7 Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 512 and 1023 octets in length.
10241518
Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the
This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.
maximum frame size.
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
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CHAPTER 7
Basic Setting
This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP
Setup and Port Setup screens.
7.1 Overview
The System Info screen displays general information (such as firmware version number) and
hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen allows you to
configure general identification information. The General Setup screen also allows you to set
the system time manually or get the current time and date from an external server when you
turn on your Switch. The real time is then displayed in the logs. The Switch Setup screen
allows you to set up and configure global switch features. The IP Setup screen allows you to
configure the Switch’s IP address in each routing domain, subnet mask(s) and DNS (domain
name server) for management purposes.
7.2 System Information
In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting > System Info to display the screen as shown. You
can check the firmware version number and monitor the Switch’s temperature, fan speeds and
voltage in this screen.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 25 System Info
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 System Info
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the Switch for identification purposes.
ZyNOS F/W
Ver si on
Ethernet
Address
Hardware Monitor
Temperature
Unit
Temperature MAC, CPU and PHY refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the Switch’s
Current This shows the current temperature in degrees centigrade at this sensor.
MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.
MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.
Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.
Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those
Fan Speed
(RPM)
This field displays the version number of the Switch's current firmware including the
date created.
This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the Switch.
The Switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the
temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit
(Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.
printed circuit board.
above.
A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently
ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the
temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 8 System Info (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).
MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.
Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error
Voltage(V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
Current This is the current voltage reading.
MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.
MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.
Threshold This field displays the percentage tolerance of the voltage with which the Switch still
Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this
(RPM).
(RPM). "<41" is displayed for speeds too small to measure (under 2000 RPM).
indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.
reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.
works.
point; otherwise Error is displayed.
7.3 General Setup
Use this screen to configure general settings such as the system name and time. Click Basic
Setting > General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 26 General Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 General Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to
64 printable characters; spaces are allowed.
Location Enter the geographic location of your Switch. You can use up to 32 printable ASCII
Contact Person's
Name
Login
Precedence
characters; spaces are allowed.
Enter the name of the person in charge of this Switch. You can use up to 32
printable ASCII characters; spaces are allowed.
Use this drop-down list box to select which database the Switch should use (first) to
authenticate an administrator (user for Switch management).
Configure the local user accounts in the Access Control Logins screen. The
RADIUS is an external server. Before you specify the priority, make sure you have
set up the corresponding database correctly first.
Select Local Only to have the Switch just check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen.
Select Local then RADIUS to have the Switch check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen. If the user name is not found,
the Switch then checks the user database on the specified RADIUS server. You
need to configure Port Authentication Radius first.
Select RADIUS Only to have the Switch just check the user database on the
specified RADIUS server for a login username, password and the access privilege.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 9 General Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Use Time Server
when Bootup
Time Server IP
Address
Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).
New Time
(hh:min:ss)
Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.
New Date (yyyymm-dd)
Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Enter the time service protocol that your timeserver uses. Not all time servers
support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to find a protocol that
works. The main differences between them are the time format.
When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the Switch displays the day,
month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format, it is
recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time
zone.
Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of
seconds since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.
NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868).
The Switch requests time and date settings from the time server in the following
circumstances:
• When the Switch starts up.
• In 24-hour intervals after starting up.
• When you click Apply in this screen.
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. When you enter the time
settings manually, the Switch uses the new settings when you click Apply. Each
time you turn on the Switch, the time and date will be reset to the default values.
Enter the IP address of your timeserver. The Switch searches for the timeserver for
up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen
will appear locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.
Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears
in the Current Time field after you click Apply.
Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in
the Current Date field after you click Apply.
known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list
box.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.
7.4 Introduction to VLANs
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security
among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from
accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the
printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.
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VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast
packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a
specific broadcast domain.
" VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.
See Chapter 8 on page 85 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
7.5 Switch Setup Screen
Click Basic Setting > Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port Based
in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.
Figure 27 Switch Setup
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Switch Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on
Bridge Control
Protocol
Transparency
MAC Address
Learning
Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC
GARP Timer: Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See the chapter on
VLAN setup for more background information.
Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each
Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.
Leave All Timer Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in
Priority Queue Assignment
IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default
priority of the ingress port. Use the next two fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue
mapping.
The Switch has eight physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the Switch, traffic
assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if
the network is congested.
Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen.
See Chapter 8 on page 85for more information.
Select Active to allow the Switch to handle bridging control protocols (STP for
example). You also need to define how to treat a BPDU in the Port Setup screen.
MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address
learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.
addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be
relearned).
port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and
65535 milliseconds; the default is 200 milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup
for more background information.
Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger
than Join Timer; the default is 600 milliseconds.
milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be
larger than Leave Timer.
variations in delay).
Network Architecture) transactions.
important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
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Table 10 Switch Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
7.6 IP Setup
Use the IP Setup screen to configure the default gateway device, the default domain name
server and add IP domains. To open this screen, click Basic Setting > IP Setup.
7.6.1 IP Interfaces
The Switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP
address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.
On the Switch, as a layer-3 device, an IP address is not bound to any physical ports. Since each
IP address on the Switch must be in a separate subnet, the configured IP address is also known
as IP interface (or routing domain). In addition, this allows routing between subnets based on
the IP address without additional routers.
You can configure multiple routing domains on the same VLAN as long as the IP address
ranges for the domains do not overlap. To change the IP address of the Switch in a routing
domain, simply add a new routing domain entry with a different IP address in the same subnet.
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Figure 28 IP Setup
Chapter 7 Basic Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Tabl e 11 IP Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Default
Gateway
Domain Name
Server
Default
Management
Management
IP Address
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Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.1.254.
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to
use a domain name instead of an IP address.
Specify which traffic flow (In-Band or Out-of-band) the Switch is to send packets
originating from itself (such as SNMP traps) or packets with unknown source.
Select Out-of-band to have the Switch send the packets to the management port
labelled MGMT. This means that device(s) connected to the other port(s) do not
receive these packets.
Select In-Band to have the Switch send the packets to all ports except the
management port (labelled MGMT) to which connected device(s) do not receive
these packets.
Use these fields to set the settings for the out-of-band management port.
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Tabl e 11 IP Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Address Enter the out-of-band management IP address of your Switch in dotted decimal
IP Subnet
Mask
Default
Gateway
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
IP Interface Use these fields to create or edit IP routing domains on the Switch.
IP Address Enter the IP address of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for example
IP Subnet
Mask
VID Enter the VLAN identification number to which an IP routing domain belongs.
Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Index This field displays the index number of an entry.
IP Address This field displays IP address of the Switch in the IP domain.
Subnet Mask This field displays the subnet mask of the Switch in the IP domain.
VID This field displays the VLAN identification number of the IP domain on the Switch.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
notation. For example, 192.168.0.1.
Enter the IP subnet mask of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for example
255.255.255.0.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.0.254
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
192.168.1.1. This is the IP address of the Switch in an IP routing domain.
Enter the IP subnet mask of an IP routing domain in dotted decimal notation. For
example, 255.255.255.0.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
7.7 Port Setup
Use this screen to configure the Switch’s port settings. Click Basic Setting > Port Setup in
the navigation panel to display the configuration screen.
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Note: Deleting all IP subnets locks you out from the Switch.
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Figure 29 Port Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Port Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This is the port index number.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A
port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.
Name Enter a descriptive name that identifies this port. You can enter up to 64 alpha-
numerical characters.
Note: Due to space limitation, the port name may be truncated in
some web configurator screens.
Type This field displays 10/100/1000M for Gigabit connections.
Speed/Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the Ethernet connection on this port.
Choices are Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex, 100M/
Full Duplex and 1000M/Full Duplex.
Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port
automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends
support. When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the Switch negotiates with the
peer automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer
port does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the Switch determines
the connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex
mode. When the Switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the preconfigured speed and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to
make sure that the settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.
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Table 12 Port Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer
802.1p Priority This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag.
BPDU Control Configure the way to treat BPDUs received on this port. You must activate bridging
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate
transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.
The Switch uses IEEE802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and backpressure flow
control in half duplex mode.
IEEE802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the
sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port
memory buffers fill.
Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision"
signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending
port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to
enable it.
See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 10 on page 77 for more information.
control protocol transparency in the Switch Setup screen first.
Select Peer to process any BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) received on this port.
Select Tunn el to forward BPDUs received on this port.
Select Discard to drop any BPDU received on this port.
Select Network to process a BPDU with no VLAN tag and forward a tagged BPDU.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
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PART III
Advanced
VLAN (85)
Static MAC Forward Setup (97)
Filtering (99)
Spanning Tree Protocol (101)
Bandwidth Control (111)
Broadcast Storm Control (113)
Mirroring (115)
Link Aggregation (117)
Port Authentication (121)
Port Security (127)
Classifier (131)
Policy Rule (137)
Queuing Method (143)
VLAN Stacking (147)
Multicast (153)
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VLAN
The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup
screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs.
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were
created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The
VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches
need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an
untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the
type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts
after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet
switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not
be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID,
giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID
are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a
priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the
ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to
identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 bits
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames
Each port on the Switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the Switch first
decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame from
an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the Switch first decides
where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's default
VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
A broadcast frame (or a multicast frame for a multicast group that is known by the system) is
duplicated only on ports that are members of the VID (except the ingress port itself), thus
confining the broadcast to a specific domain.
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8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration
GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across
switches.
8.2.1 GARP
GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and deregister attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a
protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific
application, for example, GVRP.
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers
Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.
8.2.2 GVRP
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for
switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this
function to permit VLANs groups beyond the local switch.
Please refer to the following table for common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology.
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology
VLAN PARAMETER TERM DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.
Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/
deregistration process.
VLAN Administrative
Control
VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing
VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that
Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.
Registration
Forbidden
Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.
Untagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN don't tag all
Acceptable Frame
Type
Ingress filtering If set, the Switch discards incoming frames for VLANs
Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the
specified VLAN.
frames transmitted.
outgoing frames transmitted.
this port received.
You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged
incoming frames, just tagged incoming frames or just
untagged incoming frames on a port.
that do not have this port as a member
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8.3 Port VLAN Trunking
Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to
pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices
without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.
Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2 (V1 and V2)
on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN groups 1 and 2 on
all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with unknown VLAN
group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch
you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically
allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those
switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).
Figure 30 Port VLAN Trunking
Chapter 8 VLAN
8.4 Select the VLAN Type
Select a VLAN type in the Switch Setup screen.
Figure 31 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type
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8.5 Static VLAN
Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be
• sent to a VLAN group as normal depending on its VLAN tag.
• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.
• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.
You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the
specified VID.
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status
See Section 8.1 on page 85 for more information on Static VLAN. Click Advanced
Application > VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status screen as shown
next.
Figure 32 VLAN Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 VLAN Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
The Number of
VLAN
Index This is the VLAN index number. Click on an index number to view more VLAN
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the Switch.
Change Pages Click Previous or Next to show the previous/next screen if all status information
This is the number of VLANs configured on the Switch.
details.
screen.
static VLAN was set up.
dynamic: using GVRP
static: added as a permanent entry
other: added in another way, such as via Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).
cannot be seen in one screen.
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8.5.2 Static VLAN Details
Use this screen to view detailed port settings and status of the VLAN group. See Section 8.1
on page 85 for more information on static VLAN. Click on an index number in the VLAN
Status screen to display VLAN details.
Figure 33 VLAN Detail
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 VLAN Detail
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Status Click this to go to the VLAN Status screen.
Chapter 8 VLAN
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the Switch.
screen.
marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN
are marked as “–“.
static VLAN was set up.
dynamic: using GVRP
static: added as a permanent entry
other: added in another way, such as via Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).
8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN
Use this screen to configure and view 802.1Q VLAN parameters for the Switch. See Section
8.1 on page 85 for more information on static VLAN. To configure a static VLAN, click Static
VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the screen as shown next.
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Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 34 Static VLAN
The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 16 Static VLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings.
Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes.
VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this static entry; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.
Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is
the default selection.
Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group.
Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.
Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames transmitted with
this VLAN Group ID.
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Table 16 Static VLAN (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the
VLAN settings.
Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings
Use the VLAN Port Setting screen to configure the static VLAN (IEEE 802.1Q) settings on a
port. See Section 8.1 on page 85 for more information on static VLAN. Click the VLAN Port
Setting link in the VLAN Status screen.
Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 35 VLAN Port Setting
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Chapter 8 VLAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17 VLAN Port Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a
Port Isolation Port Isolation allows each port to communicate only with the CPU management
Port This field displays the port number.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Ingress Check If this check box is selected for a port, the Switch discards incoming frames for
PVID Enter a number between 1and 4094 as the port VLAN ID.
GVRP Select this check box to allow GVRP on this port.
Acceptable
Frame Type
VLAN Trunking Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the
network.
Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local switch.
port and the dual personality GbE interfaces but not communicate with each other.
This option is the most limiting but also the most secure.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
VLANs that do not include this port in its member set.
Clear this check box to disable ingress filtering.
Specify the type of frames allowed on a port. Choices are All, Tag Onl y and Untag
Only.
Select All from the drop-down list box to accept all untagged or tagged frames on
this port. This is the default setting.
Select Tag Only to accept only tagged frames on this port. All untagged frames will
be dropped.
Select Untag Only to accept only untagged frames on this port. All tagged frames
will be dropped.
ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through the Switch.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.
8.6 Port-based VLAN Setup
Port-based VLANs are VLANs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the
destination MAC address and its associated port.
Port-based VLANs require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if
you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference
rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port
through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.
Port-based VLANs are specific only to the switch on which they were created.
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Chapter 8 VLAN
" When you activate port-based VLAN, the Switch uses a default VLAN ID of 1.
You cannot change it.
" In screens (such as IP Setup and Filtering) that require a VID, you must enter
1 as the VID.
The port-based VLAN setup screen is shown next. The CPU management port forms a VLAN
with all Ethernet ports.
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN
Select Port Based as the VLAN Type in the Switch Setup screen and then click Advanced
Application > VLAN from the navigation panel to display the next screen.
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Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 36 Port Based VLAN Setup (All connected)
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Figure 37 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port isolation)
Chapter 8 VLAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18 Port Based VLAN Setup
label Description
Setting Wizard Choose All connected or Port isolation.
Incoming These are the ingress ports; an ingress port is an incoming port, that is, a port through
GS-2724 User’s Guide
All connected means all ports can communicate with each other, that is, there are no
virtual LANs. All incoming and outgoing ports are selected. This option is the most
flexible but also the least secure.
Port isolation means that each port can only communicate with the CPU
management port and cannot communicate with each other. All incoming ports are
selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most limiting
but also the most secure.
After you make your selection, click Apply (top right of screen) to display the screens
as mentioned above. You can still customize these settings by adding/deleting
incoming or outgoing ports, but you must also click Apply at the bottom of the screen.
which a data packet enters. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the ingress port for both ports. The numbers in the top row
denote the incoming port for the corresponding port listed on the left (its outgoing
port). CPU refers to the Switch management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all
Ethernet ports. If it does not form a VLAN with a particular port then the Switch cannot
be managed from that port.
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Chapter 8 VLAN
Table 18 Port Based VLAN Setup (continued)
label Description
Outgoing These are the egress ports; an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port through
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
which a data packet leaves. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the egress port for both ports. CPU refers to the Switch
management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all Ethernet ports. If it does not form
a VLAN with a particular port then the Switch cannot be managed from that port.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
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CHAPTER 9
Static MAC Forward Setup
Use these screens to configure static MAC address forwarding.
9.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure forwarding rules based on MAC addresses of devices
on your network.
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding
A static MAC address is an address that has been manually entered in the MAC address table.
Static MAC addresses do not age out. When you set up static MAC address rules, you are
setting static MAC addresses for a port. This may reduce the need for broadcasting.
Static MAC address forwarding together with port security allow only computers in the MAC
address table on a port to access the Switch. See Chapter 17 on page 127 for more information
on port security.
Click Advanced Applications > Static MAC Forwarding in the navigation panel to display
the configuration screen as shown.
Figure 38 Static MAC Forwarding
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 19 Static MAC Forwarding
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a rule
Name Enter a descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC address
MAC Address Enter the MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal
without deleting it by clearing this check box.
forwarding rule.
character pairs.
Note: Static MAC addresses do not age out.
VID Enter the VLAN identification number.
Port Enter the port where the MAC address entered in the previous field will be
automatically forwarded.
Add Click Add to save your rule to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses this
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Clear Click Clear to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Index Click an index number to modify a static MAC address rule for a port.
Active This field displays whether this static MAC address forwarding rule is active (Yes) or
Name This field displays the descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC
MAC Address This field displays the MAC address that will be forwarded and the VLAN
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group.
Port This field displays the port where the MAC address shown in the next field will be
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
rule if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel
to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.
not (No). You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it.
address-forwarding rule.
identification number to which the MAC address belongs.
forwarded.
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CHAPTER 10
Filtering
This chapter discusses MAC address port filtering.
10.1 Configure a Filtering Rule
Filtering means sifting traffic going through the Switch based on the source and/or destination
MAC addresses and VLAN group (ID).
Click Advanced Application > Filtering in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown next.
Figure 39 Filtering
The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 20 Filtering
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Make sure to select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate
Name Type a descriptive name (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) for this rule. This is for
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a rule without deleting it by deselecting this check box.
identification only.
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Table 20 Filtering (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Action Select Discard source to drop frame from the source MAC address (specified in the
MAC Type a MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character
VID Type the VLAN group identification number.
Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Clear Click Clear to clear the fields to the factory defaults.
Index This field displays the index number of the rule. Click an index number to change the
Active This field displays Yes when the rule is activated and No when is it deactivated.
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this rule. This is for identification purpose
MAC
Address
VID This field displays the VLAN group identification number.
Delete Check the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete column and then click the
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the selected checkbox(es) in the Delete column.
MAC field). The Switch can still send frames to the MAC address.
Select Discard destination to drop frames to the destination MAC address (specified
in the MAC address). The Switch can still receive frames originating from the MAC
address.
Select Discard source and Discard destination to block traffic to/from the MAC
address specified in the MAC field.
pairs.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
settings.
only.
This field displays the source/destination MAC address with the VLAN identification
number to which the MAC address belongs.
Delete button.
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