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GS-2024
Layer 2 Ethernet Switch
User’s Guide
Version 3.80
06/2008
Edition 1
DEFAULT LOGIN
IP Address http://192.168.0.1 (Out-of-band MGMT port)
http://192.168.1.1 (In-band ports)
User Name admin
Password 1234
www.zyxel.com
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About This User's Guide
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the Switch using the web
configurator or via commands. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP
networking concepts and topology.
Related Documentation
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
" It is recommended you use the web configurator to configure the Switch.
• Supporting Disc
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
• ZyXEL Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com
certifications.
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. Send all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team,
ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II,
Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
Disclaimer
Graphics in this book may differ slightly from the product due to differences in operating
systems, operating system versions, or if you installed updated firmware/software for your
device. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate.
for additional support documentation and product
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Document Conventions
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
1 Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
" Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The XGS-4528F may be referred to as the “Switch”, the “device”, the “system” or the
“product” in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER]
means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key.
“Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example,
Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation
panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For
example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000”
or “1048576” and so on.
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Document Conventions
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The Switch icon is not an
exact representation of your device.
The Switch Computer Notebook computer
Server DSLAM Firewall
Telephone Switch Router
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Safety Warnings
Safety Warnings
1 For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect it to the right
supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power source.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.
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This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.
Safety Warnings
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Safety Warnings
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Contents Overview
Contents Overview
Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 27
Getting to Know Your Switch ..................................................................................................... 29
Hardware Installation and Connection ....................................................................................... 33
Hardware Overview ................................................................................................................... 37
Basic Configuration ...............................................................................................................43
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................... 45
Initial Setup Example ................................................................................................................. 53
System Status and Port Statistics ..............................................................................................57
Basic Setting ............................................................................................................................. 63
Advanced Setup .....................................................................................................................75
VLAN ......................................................................................................................................... 77
Static MAC Forward Setup ........................................................................................................ 89
Spanning Tree Protocol ............................................................................................................. 91
Bandwidth Control ................................................................................................................... 105
Broadcast Storm Control ......................................................................................................... 107
Mirroring .................................................................................................................................. 109
Link Aggregation .......................................................................................................................111
Port Authentication ...................................................................................................................117
Port Security ............................................................................................................................ 121
Queuing Method ...................................................................................................................... 123
Multicast .................................................................................................................................. 125
Authentication & Accounting ....................................................................................................139
Loop Guard .............................................................................................................................. 153
IP Application ....................................................................................................................... 157
Static Route ............................................................................................................................. 159
Differentiated Services ............................................................................................................. 163
DHCP ...................................................................................................................................... 167
Management ......................................................................................................................... 173
Maintenance ............................................................................................................................ 175
Access Control ........................................................................................................................ 181
Diagnostic ................................................................................................................................ 199
Syslog ...................................................................................................................................... 201
Cluster Management ............................................................................................................... 205
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Contents Overview
MAC Table ................................................................................................................................211
ARP Table ................................................................................................................................ 213
Configure Clone ....................................................................................................................... 215
Troubleshooting & Product Specifications .......................................................................217
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 219
Product Specifications ............................................................................................................. 223
Appendices and Index ......................................................................................................... 231
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
About This User's Guide ..........................................................................................................3
Document Conventions............................................................................................................4
Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................6
Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................9
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... 11
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... 19
List of Tables...........................................................................................................................23
Part I: Introduction................................................................................. 27
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch................................................................................................. 29
1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 29
1.1.1 Backbone Application ................................................................................................. 29
1.1.2 Bridging Example ....................................................................................................... 30
1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example ....................................................................... 30
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples ................................................................ 31
1.2 Ways to Manage the Switch ................................................................................................ 31
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Switch ................................................................................. 32
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection .................................................................................33
2.1 Freestanding Installation ..................................................................................................... 33
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .......................................................................................... 34
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements .................................................................. 34
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch .......................................................... 34
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .................................................................................. 35
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview................................................................................................................. 37
3.1 Front Panel Connections .................................................................................................... 37
3.1.1 1000Base-T Ports ...................................................................................................... 38
3.1.2 Dual Personality Interfaces ........................................................................................ 38
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Table of Contents
3.1.3 Console Port ............................................................................................................. 40
3.1.4 Management Port ....................................................................................................... 40
3.2 Rear Panel ........................................................................................................................... 40
3.2.1 Power Connector ....................................................................................................... 41
3.3 LEDs ................................................................................................................................ 41
Part II: Basic Configuration................................................................... 43
Chapter 4
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................45
4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 45
4.2 System Login .................................................................................................................... 45
4.3 The Status Screen .......................................................................................................... 46
4.3.1 Change Your Password .......................................................................................... 50
4.4 Saving Your Configuration ................................................................................................... 50
4.5 Switch Lockout .................................................................................................................. 51
4.6 Resetting the Switch ......................................................................................................... 51
4.6.1 Reload the Configuration File .................................................................................... 51
4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ................................................................................. 52
4.8 Help .................................................................................................................................... 52
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example..............................................................................................................53
5.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 53
5.1.1 Creating a VLAN ........................................................................................................ 53
5.1.2 Setting Port VID .........................................................................................................54
5.1.3 Configuring Switch Management IP Address ............................................................. 55
Chapter 6
System Status and Port Statistics.........................................................................................57
6.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 57
6.2 Port Status Summary ...................................................................................................... 57
6.2.1 Status: Port Details ................................................................................................58
Chapter 7
Basic Setting .......................................................................................................................... 63
7.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 63
7.2 System Information ........................................................................................................... 63
7.3 General Setup ................................................................................................................. 65
7.4 Introduction to VLANs ......................................................................................................... 67
7.5 Switch Setup Screen ........................................................................................................ 67
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7.6 IP Setup ............................................................................................................................ 69
7.6.1 IP Interfaces ............................................................................................................... 69
7.7 Port Setup ........................................................................................................................... 72
Part III: Advanced Setup........................................................................ 75
Chapter 8
VLAN ........................................................................................................................................ 77
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs .................................................................. 77
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames ................................................................ 77
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration ............................................................................................. 78
8.2.1 GARP ......................................................................................................................... 78
8.2.2 GVRP ......................................................................................................................... 78
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking ............................................................................................................ 79
8.4 Select the VLAN Type ........................................................................................................ 79
8.5 Static VLAN ......................................................................................................................... 79
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status .................................................................................................... 80
8.5.2 Static VLAN Details ................................................................................................... 80
8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN ........................................................................................ 81
8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings ................................................................................ 82
8.6 Port-based VLAN Setup .................................................................................................84
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN ................................................................................... 84
Chapter 9
Static MAC Forward Setup.....................................................................................................89
9.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 89
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ............................................................................... 89
Chapter 10
Spanning Tree Protocol..........................................................................................................91
10.1 STP/RSTP Overview .......................................................................................................91
10.1.1 STP Terminology ..................................................................................................... 91
10.1.2 How STP Works ...................................................................................................... 92
10.1.3 STP Port States ....................................................................................................... 92
10.1.4 Multiple STP ............................................................................................................. 93
10.2 Spanning Tree Protocol Status Screen .............................................................................. 95
10.3 Spanning Tree Configuration ............................................................................................ 96
10.4 Configure Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ....................................................................... 96
10.5 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status .......................................................................... 98
10.6 Configure Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol .................................................................... 99
10.7 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Status ..................................................................... 102
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Table of Contents
Chapter 11
Bandwidth Control................................................................................................................105
11.1 Bandwidth Control Overview .......................................................................................... 105
11.2 Bandwidth Control Setup ................................................................................................. 105
Chapter 12
Broadcast Storm Control .....................................................................................................107
12.1 Broadcast Storm Control Setup ...................................................................................... 107
Chapter 13
Mirroring ................................................................................................................................ 109
13.1 Port Mirroring Setup ....................................................................................................... 109
Chapter 14
Link Aggregation .................................................................................................................. 111
14.1 Link Aggregation Overview ..............................................................................................111
14.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation ...............................................................................................111
14.2.1 Link Aggregation ID ................................................................................................112
14.3 Link Aggregation Status ...................................................................................................112
14.4 Link Aggregation Setting .................................................................................................113
14.5 Link Aggregation Control Protocol .................................................................................114
14.6 Static Trunking Example ...................................................................................................115
Chapter 15
Port Authentication............................................................................................................... 117
15.1 Port Authentication Overview ..........................................................................................117
15.1.1 IEEE 802.1x Authentication ....................................................................................117
15.2 Port Authentication Configuration .....................................................................................118
15.2.1 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security ............................................................................118
Chapter 16
Port Security..........................................................................................................................121
16.1 About Port Security ......................................................................................................... 121
16.2 Port Security Setup .......................................................................................................... 121
Chapter 17
Queuing Method....................................................................................................................123
17.1 Queuing Method Overview ............................................................................................. 123
17.1.1 Strictly Priority ........................................................................................................ 123
17.1.2 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ........................................................... 123
17.2 Configuring Queuing ........................................................................................................ 124
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Table of Contents
Chapter 18
Multicast ................................................................................................................................125
18.1 Multicast Overview ......................................................................................................... 125
18.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses ........................................................................................... 125
18.1.2 IGMP Filtering ........................................................................................................ 125
18.1.3 IGMP Snooping ..................................................................................................... 125
18.1.4 IGMP Snooping and VLANs ................................................................................... 126
18.2 Multicast Status .............................................................................................................. 126
18.3 Multicast Setting ............................................................................................................. 126
18.4 IGMP Snooping VLAN .................................................................................................... 128
18.5 IGMP Filtering Profile ..................................................................................................... 130
18.6 MVR Overview ................................................................................................................ 131
18.6.1 Types of MVR Ports ............................................................................................... 131
18.6.2 MVR Modes ........................................................................................................... 132
18.6.3 How MVR Works .................................................................................................... 132
18.7 General MVR Configuration ............................................................................................ 132
18.8 MVR Group Configuration .............................................................................................. 134
18.8.1 MVR Configuration Example .................................................................................. 135
Chapter 19
Authentication & Accounting ..............................................................................................139
19.1 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting ................................................................ 139
19.1.1 Local User Accounts .............................................................................................. 139
19.1.2 RADIUS and TACACS+ ........................................................................................ 140
19.2 Authentication and Accounting Screens .......................................................................... 140
19.2.1 RADIUS Server Setup ........................................................................................ 140
19.2.2 TACACS+ Server Setup ..................................................................................... 142
19.2.3 Authentication and Accounting Setup ................................................................ 144
19.2.4 Vendor Specific Attribute ........................................................................................ 147
19.2.5 Tunnel Protocol Attribute ........................................................................................ 148
19.3 Supported RADIUS Attributes ......................................................................................... 148
19.3.1 Attributes Used for Authentication .......................................................................... 149
19.3.2 Attributes Used for Accounting ............................................................................... 149
Chapter 20
Loop Guard............................................................................................................................ 153
20.1 Loop Guard Overview ..................................................................................................... 153
20.2 Loop Guard Setup ........................................................................................................... 155
Part IV: IP Application.......................................................................... 157
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Table of Contents
Chapter 21
Static Route ........................................................................................................................... 159
21.1 Static Routing Overview .................................................................................................. 159
21.2 Configuring Static Routing ............................................................................................. 159
Chapter 22
Differentiated Services.........................................................................................................163
22.1 DiffServ Overview ........................................................................................................... 163
22.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ................................................................................ 163
22.1.2 DiffServ Network Example .................................................................................... 164
22.2 DSCP-to-IEEE 802.1p Priority Settings ...................................................................... 164
22.3 Activating DiffServ .......................................................................................................... 164
Chapter 23
DHCP...................................................................................................................................... 167
23.1 DHCP Overview ............................................................................................................. 167
23.1.1 DHCP Modes ........................................................................................................ 167
23.1.2 DHCP Configuration Options ................................................................................. 167
23.2 DHCP Status ................................................................................................................... 167
23.3 DHCP Relay ................................................................................................................... 168
23.3.1 DHCP Relay Agent Information ............................................................................. 168
23.3.2 Configuring DHCP Global Relay ............................................................................ 169
23.3.3 Global DHCP Relay Configuration Example .......................................................... 170
23.4 Configuring DHCP VLAN Settings ................................................................................ 170
23.4.1 Example: DHCP Relay for Two VLANs .................................................................. 172
Part V: Management............................................................................. 173
Chapter 24
Maintenance .......................................................................................................................... 175
24.1 The Maintenance Screen ............................................................................................... 175
24.2 Load Factory Default ...................................................................................................... 176
24.3 Save Configuration .......................................................................................................... 176
24.4 Reboot System ................................................................................................................ 177
24.5 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................................ 177
24.6 Restore a Configuration File ......................................................................................... 178
24.7 Backup a Configuration File ......................................................................................... 178
24.8 FTP Command Line ........................................................................................................ 179
24.8.1 Filename Conventions .......................................................................................... 179
24.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ............................................................................ 179
24.8.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .......................................................................................... 180
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24.8.4 FTP Restrictions .................................................................................................... 180
Chapter 25
Access Control...................................................................................................................... 181
25.1 Access Control Overview ............................................................................................ 181
25.2 The Access Control Main Screen .................................................................................... 181
25.3 About SNMP .................................................................................................................. 182
25.3.1 SNMP v3 and Security ........................................................................................... 183
25.3.2 Supported MIBs ................................................................................................... 183
25.3.3 SNMP Traps .......................................................................................................... 183
25.3.4 Configuring SNMP .............................................................................................. 186
25.3.5 Configuring SNMP Trap Group ........................................................................... 188
25.3.6 Setting Up Login Accounts ................................................................................. 189
25.4 SSH Overview ................................................................................................................. 191
25.5 How SSH works ............................................................................................................... 191
25.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch ................................................................................. 192
25.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH ................................................................................. 192
25.7 Introduction to HTTPS .....................................................................................................192
25.8 HTTPS Example .............................................................................................................. 193
25.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ..................................................................... 193
25.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages ................................................................ 194
25.8.3 The Main Screen .................................................................................................... 194
25.9 Service Port Access Control ......................................................................................... 195
25.10 Remote Management ............................................................................................... 196
Chapter 26
Diagnostic.............................................................................................................................. 199
26.1 Diagnostic ....................................................................................................................... 199
Chapter 27
Syslog ....................................................................................................................................201
27.1 Syslog Overview .............................................................................................................. 201
27.2 Syslog Setup .................................................................................................................. 201
27.3 Syslog Server Setup ....................................................................................................... 202
Chapter 28
Cluster Management.............................................................................................................205
28.1 Clustering Management Status Overview ...................................................................... 205
28.2 Cluster Management Status ........................................................................................... 206
28.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ................................................................... 207
28.3 Clustering Management Configuration .......................................................................... 208
Chapter 29
MAC Table.............................................................................................................................. 211
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29.1 MAC Table Overview .......................................................................................................211
29.2 Viewing the MAC Table ................................................................................................... 212
Chapter 30
ARP Table ..............................................................................................................................213
30.1 ARP Table Overview .......................................................................................................213
30.1.1 How ARP Works .................................................................................................... 213
30.2 Viewing the ARP Table ................................................................................................... 213
Chapter 31
Configure Clone....................................................................................................................215
31.1 Configure Clone .............................................................................................................. 215
Part VI: Troubleshooting & Product Specifications.......................... 217
Chapter 32
Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................219
32.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ...................................................................... 219
32.2 Switch Access and Login ................................................................................................. 220
Chapter 33
Product Specifications.........................................................................................................223
Part VII: Appendices and Index .......................................................... 231
Appendix A Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ......................................233
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting ...........................................................................241
Appendix C Legal Information ..............................................................................................249
Appendix D Customer Support............................................................................................. 253
Index....................................................................................................................................... 259
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List of Figures
List of Figures
Figure 1 Backbone Application .............................................................................................................. 29
Figure 2 Bridging Application ................................................................................................................. 30
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application ............................................................... 30
Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ...................................................................................... 31
Figure 5 Attaching Rubber Feet ............................................................................................................ 33
Figure 6 Attaching the Mounting Brackets ............................................................................................. 34
Figure 7 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .............................................................................................. 35
Figure 8 Front Panel .............................................................................................................................. 37
Figure 9 Transceiver Installation Example ............................................................................................. 39
Figure 10 Installed Transceiver ............................................................................................................. 39
Figure 11 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ............................................................................ 40
Figure 12 Transceiver Removal Example .............................................................................................. 40
Figure 13 Rear Panel ............................................................................................................................. 41
Figure 14 Web Configurator: Login ....................................................................................................... 46
Figure 15 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .............................................................................. 46
Figure 16 Change Administrator Login Password .................................................................................50
Figure 17 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port ........................................................................... 52
Figure 18 Web Configurator: Logout Screen ......................................................................................... 52
Figure 19 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ................................................................................... 53
Figure 20 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ............................................................................... 54
Figure 21 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address ................................................................... 55
Figure 22 Status .................................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 23 Status: Port Details ................................................................................................................. 59
Figure 24 Basic Setting > System Info .................................................................................................. 64
Figure 25 Basic Setting > General Setup .............................................................................................. 65
Figure 26 Basic Setting > Switch Setup ................................................................................................ 68
Figure 27 Basic Setting > IP Setup ......................................................................................................... 70
Figure 28 Basic Setting > Port Setup .................................................................................................... 72
Figure 29 Port VLAN Trunking ............................................................................................................... 79
Figure 30 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type .......................................................................................... 79
Figure 31 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status ......................................................................... 80
Figure 32 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail ........................................................................ 80
Figure 33 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN ...................................................................... 81
Figure 34 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting ............................................................. 83
Figure 35 Advanced Application > VLAN > Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) .......................... 85
Figure 36 Advanced Application > VLAN: Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ............................. 86
Figure 37 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding ................................................................... 89
Figure 38 STP/RSTP Network Example ................................................................................................ 93
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List of Figures
Figure 39 MSTP Network Example ........................................................................................................ 94
Figure 40 MSTIs in Different Regions ................................................................................................... 95
Figure 41 MSTP and Legacy RSTP Network Example ......................................................................... 95
Figure 42 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol .................................................................. 96
Figure 43 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration ......................................... 96
Figure 44 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP ..................................................... 97
Figure 45 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: RSTP ......................................... 99
Figure 46 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP .................................................. 100
Figure 47 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MSTP ...................................... 103
Figure 48 Advanced Application > Bandwidth Control ........................................................................ 105
Figure 49 Advanced Application > Broadcast Storm Control .............................................................. 107
Figure 50 Advanced Application > Mirroring ........................................................................................ 109
Figure 51 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation Status .................................................................112
Figure 52 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting ................................113
Figure 53 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting > LACP ...................114
Figure 54 Trunking Example - Physical Connections ............................................................................116
Figure 55 Trunking Example - Configuration Screen .............................................................................116
Figure 56 IEEE 802.1x Authentication Process ....................................................................................118
Figure 57 Advanced Application > Port Authentication ........................................................................118
Figure 58 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.1x .........................................................119
Figure 59 Advanced Application > Port Security ................................................................................. 122
Figure 60 Advanced Application > Queuing Method ........................................................................... 124
Figure 61 Advanced Application > Multicast ........................................................................................ 126
Figure 62 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting ......................................................... 127
Figure 63 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Snooping VLAN ................. 129
Figure 64 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile ................... 130
Figure 65 MVR Network Example ....................................................................................................... 131
Figure 66 MVR Multicast Television Example ..................................................................................... 132
Figure 67 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR ............................................. 133
Figure 68 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR: Group Configuration ............ 135
Figure 69 MVR Configuration Example ............................................................................................... 136
Figure 70 MVR Configuration Example ............................................................................................... 136
Figure 71 MVR Group Configuration Example ................................................................................... 137
Figure 72 MVR Group Configuration Example .................................................................................... 137
Figure 73 AAA Server .......................................................................................................................... 139
Figure 74 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct ............................................................................... 140
Figure 75 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > RADIUS Server Setup ........................................ 141
Figure 76 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > TACACS+ Server Setup ..................................... 143
Figure 77 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > Auth and Acct Setup .......................................... 145
Figure 78 Loop Guard vs STP .............................................................................................................. 153
Figure 79 Switch in Loop State ............................................................................................................. 154
Figure 80 Loop Guard - Probe Packet .................................................................................................. 154
Figure 81 Loop Guard - Network Loop ................................................................................................. 154
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List of Figures
Figure 82 Advanced Application > Loop Guard ....................................................................................155
Figure 83 Static Routing Overview ...................................................................................................... 159
Figure 84 IP Application > Static Routing ............................................................................................ 160
Figure 85 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field .................................................................................... 163
Figure 86 DiffServ Network ................................................................................................................. 164
Figure 87 IP Application > DiffServ ...................................................................................................... 165
Figure 88 IP Application > DHCP Status ............................................................................................. 168
Figure 89 IP Application > DHCP > Global .......................................................................................... 169
Figure 90 Global DHCP Relay Network Example ............................................................................... 170
Figure 91 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ................................................................................... 170
Figure 92 IP Application > DHCP > VLAN ......................................................................................... 171
Figure 93 DHCP Relay for Two VLANs ............................................................................................... 172
Figure 94 DHCP Relay for Two VLANs Configuration Example .......................................................... 172
Figure 95 Management > Maintenance ............................................................................................... 175
Figure 96 Load Factory Default: Start .................................................................................................. 176
Figure 97 Reboot System: Confirmation ............................................................................................. 177
Figure 98 Management > Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade ............................................................. 177
Figure 99 Management > Maintenance > Restore Configuration ........................................................ 178
Figure 100 Management > Maintenance > Backup Configuration ...................................................... 178
Figure 101 Management > Access Control ......................................................................................... 181
Figure 102 SNMP Management Model .............................................................................................. 182
Figure 103 Management > Access Control > SNMP ........................................................................... 186
Figure 104 Management > Access Control > SNMP > Trap Group .................................................... 188
Figure 105 Management > Access Control > Logins .......................................................................... 190
Figure 106 SSH Communication Example ...........................................................................................191
Figure 107 How SSH Works ................................................................................................................. 191
Figure 108 HTTPS Implementation ...................................................................................................... 193
Figure 109 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ...................................................................... 193
Figure 110 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) ........................................................................................ 194
Figure 111 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) ........................................................................................ 194
Figure 112 Example: Lock Denoting a Secure Connection .................................................................. 195
Figure 113 Management > Access Control > Service Access Control ................................................. 195
Figure 114 Management > Access Control > Remote Management ................................................... 196
Figure 115 Management > Diagnostic ................................................................................................. 199
Figure 116 Management > Syslog ....................................................................................................... 202
Figure 117 Management > Syslog > Server Setup .............................................................................. 203
Figure 118 Clustering Application Example ......................................................................................... 206
Figure 119 Management > Cluster Management ................................................................................ 206
Figure 120 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen .................................... 207
Figure 121 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch ............................................. 208
Figure 122 Management > Clustering Management > Configuration .................................................. 209
Figure 123 MAC Table Flowchart ........................................................................................................ 212
Figure 124 Management > MAC Table ................................................................................................ 212
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List of Figures
Figure 125 Management > ARP Table ................................................................................................ 214
Figure 126 Management > Configure Clone .......................................................................................215
Figure 127 Console/Dial Backup Port Pin Layout ................................................................................ 228
Figure 128 Pop-up Blocker ................................................................................................................... 233
Figure 129 Internet Options: Privacy .................................................................................................... 234
Figure 130 Internet Options: Privacy .................................................................................................... 235
Figure 131 Pop-up Blocker Settings ..................................................................................................... 235
Figure 132 Internet Options: Security ................................................................................................... 236
Figure 133 Security Settings - Java Scripting ....................................................................................... 237
Figure 134 Security Settings - Java ...................................................................................................... 237
Figure 135 Java (Sun) .......................................................................................................................... 238
Figure 136 Mozilla Firefox: Tools > Options ......................................................................................... 239
Figure 137 Mozilla Firefox Content Security ......................................................................................... 239
Figure 138 Network Number and Host ID ............................................................................................ 242
Figure 139 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting ............................................................................ 244
Figure 140 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting ............................................................................... 245
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List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1 Front Panel Connections .......................................................................................................... 37
Table 2 LED Descriptions ...................................................................................................................... 41
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview ....................................................................................... 47
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details .............................................................................. 48
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links ............................................................................................................. 48
Table 6 Status ........................................................................................................................................ 57
Table 7 Status > Port Details ................................................................................................................. 59
Table 8 Basic Setting > System Info ...................................................................................................... 64
Table 9 Basic Setting > General Setup .................................................................................................. 66
Table 10 Basic Setting > Switch Setup .................................................................................................. 68
Table 11 Basic Setting > IP Setup ......................................................................................................... 71
Table 12 Basic Setting > Port Setup ...................................................................................................... 73
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology ............................................................................................ 78
Table 14 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status .......................................................................... 80
Table 15 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail ........................................................................ 81
Table 16 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN ......................................................................... 82
Table 17 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting ............................................................... 83
Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN: Port Based VLAN Setup ....................................................... 86
Table 19 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding ..................................................................... 90
Table 20 STP Path Costs ...................................................................................................................... 92
Table 21 STP Port States ...................................................................................................................... 92
Table 22 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration .......................................... 96
Table 23 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP ...................................................... 97
Table 24 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: RSTP .......................................... 99
Table 25 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP .................................................... 101
Table 26 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MSTP ........................................ 103
Table 27 Advanced Application > Bandwidth Control .......................................................................... 106
Table 28 Advanced Application > Broadcast Storm Control ................................................................ 108
Table 29 Advanced Application > Mirroring ......................................................................................... 109
Table 30 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch .........................................................................................112
Table 31 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ..........................................................................................112
Table 32 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation Status ..................................................................112
Table 33 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting ..................................113
Table 34 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting > LACP .....................115
Table 35 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.1x ...........................................................119
Table 36 Advanced Application > Port Security ................................................................................... 122
Table 37 Advanced Application > Queuing Method ............................................................................. 124
Table 38 Multicast Status ..................................................................................................................... 126
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List of Tables
Table 39 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting ........................................................... 127
Table 40 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Snooping VLAN ................... 129
Table 41 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile .................... 130
Table 42 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR ............................................... 133
Table 43 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR: Group Configuration ............ 135
Table 44 RADIUS vs TACACS+ .......................................................................................................... 140
Table 45 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > RADIUS Server Setup ......................................... 141
Table 46 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > TACACS+ Server Setup ...................................... 143
Table 47 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > Auth and Acct Setup ............................................ 145
Table 48 Supported VSAs ................................................................................................................... 147
Table 49 Supported Tunnel Protocol Attribute ..................................................................................... 148
Table 50 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Console ..................................................................... 150
Table 51 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Telnet/SSH ................................................................ 150
Table 52 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Console ..................................................................... 150
Table 53 Advanced Application > Loop Guard ....................................................................................155
Table 54 IP Application > Static Routing .............................................................................................. 160
Table 55 Default DSCP-IEEE 802.1p Mapping ................................................................................... 164
Table 56 IP Application > DiffServ ....................................................................................................... 165
Table 57 IP Application > DHCP Status ............................................................................................... 168
Table 58 Relay Agent Information ....................................................................................................... 168
Table 59 IP Application > DHCP > Global ........................................................................................... 169
Table 60 IP Application > DHCP > VLAN ............................................................................................ 171
Table 61 Management > Maintenance ................................................................................................ 175
Table 62 Filename Conventions .......................................................................................................... 179
Table 63 General Commands for GUI-based FTP Clients .................................................................. 180
Table 64 Access Control Overview ...................................................................................................... 181
Table 65 SNMP Commands ................................................................................................................ 182
Table 66 SNMP System Traps ............................................................................................................. 183
Table 67 SNMP Interface Traps ........................................................................................................... 184
Table 68 AAA Traps ............................................................................................................................. 185
Table 69 SNMP IP Traps ..................................................................................................................... 185
Table 70 SNMP Switch Traps .............................................................................................................. 185
Table 71 Management > Access Control > SNMP .............................................................................. 187
Table 72 Management > Access Control > SNMP > Trap Group ........................................................ 189
Table 73 Management > Access Control > Logins .............................................................................. 190
Table 74 Management > Access Control > Service Access Control ................................................... 196
Table 75 Management > Access Control > Remote Management ...................................................... 196
Table 76 Management > Diagnostic .................................................................................................... 199
Table 77 Syslog Severity Levels .......................................................................................................... 201
Table 78 Management > Syslog .......................................................................................................... 202
Table 79 Management > Syslog > Server Setup ................................................................................. 203
Table 80 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications ..................................................................... 205
Table 81 Management > Cluster Management .................................................................................... 207
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List of Tables
Table 82 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ............................................................................. 208
Table 83 Management > Clustering Management > Configuration ..................................................... 209
Table 84 Management > MAC Table ................................................................................................... 212
Table 85 Management > ARP Table .................................................................................................... 214
Table 86 Management > Configure Clone ........................................................................................... 216
Table 87 Hardware Specifications ....................................................................................................... 223
Table 88 Firmware Specifications ........................................................................................................ 224
Table 89 Switching Specifications ........................................................................................................ 226
Table 90 Standards Supported ............................................................................................................ 227
Table 91 Console/Dial Backup Port Pin Assignments ......................................................................... 229
Table 92 Ethernet Cable Pin Assignments .......................................................................................... 229
Table 93 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example ............................................................. 242
Table 94 Subnet Masks ....................................................................................................................... 243
Table 95 Maximum Host Numbers ...................................................................................................... 243
Table 96 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ......................................................................................... 243
Table 97 Subnet 1 ................................................................................................................................ 245
Table 98 Subnet 2 ................................................................................................................................ 246
Table 99 Subnet 3 ................................................................................................................................ 246
Table 100 Subnet 4 .............................................................................................................................. 246
Table 101 Eight Subnets ...................................................................................................................... 246
Table 102 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................ 247
Table 103 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................ 247
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List of Tables
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PART I
Introduction
Getting to Know Your Switch (29)
Hardware Installation and Connection (33)
Hardware Overview (37)
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CHAPTER 1
Getting to Know Your Switch
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the Switch.
1.1 Introduction
Your Switch is a stand-alone, layer-2, Ethernet switch with 24 100/1000 Mbps Ethernet ports,
two mini-GBIC (SFP, Small Form-factor Pluggable) slots, and one 10/100 Mbps Ethernet port
for out-of-band management.
With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the Switch is easy. In addition,
the Switch can also be managed via Telnet, any terminal emulator program on the console
port, or third-party SNMP management.
See Chapter 33 on page 223 for a full list of software features available on the Switch.
1.1.1 Backbone Application
The Switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can be expected in the
near future. The Switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can
connect computers and servers directly to the Switch’s port or connect other switches to the
Switch.
In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the
network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print
servers etc.
Figure 1 Backbone Application
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Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
1.1.2 Bridging Example
In this example application the Switch connects different company departments (RD and
Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server
and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed
department servers via the Switch.
Moreover, the Switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to
centralize multiple servers at a single location.
Figure 2 Bridging Application
1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example
The Switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following
example, use trunking to connect these two networks.
Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not
feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and
adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The Switch can provide
the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters
and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely
communicate with each other.
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application
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Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from
stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.
For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 8 on page 77.
1.1.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example
Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network
performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by
adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.
Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server. In
the following figure only ports that need access to the server need to be part of VLAN 1. Ports
can belong to other VLAN groups too.
Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example
1.2 Ways to Manage the Switch
Use any of the following methods to manage the Switch.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the Switch using a
(supported) web browser. See Chapter 4 on page 45.
• Command Line Interface. Line commands offer an alternative to the Web Configurator
and may be necessary to configure advanced features. See the CLI Reference Guide.
• FTP. Use File Transfer Protocol for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore.
See Section 24.8 on page 179.
• SNMP. The device can be monitored and/or managed by an SNMP manager. See Section
25.3 on page 182.
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Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Switch
Do the following things regularly to make the Switch more secure and to manage the Switch
more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of
different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an
earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even
crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the Switch to its factory
default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to
totally re-configure the Switch. You could simply restore your last configuration.
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CHAPTER 2
Hardware Installation and
Connection
This chapter shows you how to install and connect the Switch.
2.1 Freestanding Installation
1 Make sure the Switch is clean and dry.
2 Set the Switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the
Switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.
3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the Switch to allow air circulation and the
attachment of cables and the power cord.
4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.
5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the Switch. These rubber feet help
protect the Switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when
stacking.
Figure 5 Attaching Rubber Feet
" Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when
stacking.
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Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
" For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the Switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the
installation steps.
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements
• Two mounting brackets.
• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
1 Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.
2.2.1.1 Precautions
• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.
• Make sure the position of the Switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take
all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch
1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the Switch, lining up the four screw holes on
the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the Switch.
Figure 6 Attaching the Mounting Brackets
34
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the Switch.
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3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the
Switch.
4 You may now mount the Switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the Switch) on one side of the
rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.
Figure 7 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the rack.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.
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Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
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CHAPTER 3
Hardware Overview
This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the Switch and shows you how to
make the hardware connections.
3.1 Front Panel Connections
The figure below shows the front panel of the Switch.
Figure 8 Front Panel
Console Port
LEDs
The following table describes the port labels on the front panel.
Table 1 Front Panel Connections
LABEL DESCRIPTION
22 100/1000
Mbps RJ-45
Ethernet Ports
2 Dual
Personality
Interfaces
Console Port The console port is for local configuration of the Switch.
Management
Port
100/1000 Mbps Ethernet Ports
Dual Personality Interfaces
Connect these Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet switches
or use them to daisy-chain other switches.
Each interface has one 1000Base-T copper RJ-45 port and one mini-GBIC (Gigabit
Interface Converter) fiber port, with one port active at a time.
• 2 1000Base-T Ports:
Connect these ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet switches
using Category 5/5e/6 1000Base-T Ethernet cables.
•2 Mini-GBIC Ports:
Use Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) transceivers in these ports for
1000Base-X fiber-optic connections to backbone Ethernet switches.
Connect to a computer using an RJ-45 Ethernet cable for local configuration of the
Switch.
Management Port
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3.1.1 1000Base-T Ports
The Switch has 24 1000Base-T auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Ethernet ports. In 100/1000
Mbps Gigabit Ethernet, the speed can be 100 Mbps or 1000 Mbps. The duplex mode can be
both half or full duplex at 100 Mbps and full duplex only at 1000 Mbps.
An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed (100/1000
Mbps) and duplex mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.
An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or
crossover Ethernet cable.
Two of the 1000Base-T Ethernet ports are paired with a mini-GBIC slot to create a dual
personality interface. The Switch uses up to one connection for each mini-GBIC and
1000Base-T Ethernet pair. The mini-GBIC slots have priority over the Gigabit ports. This
means that if a mini-GBIC slot and the corresponding Gigabit port are connected at the same
time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.
When auto-negotiation is turned on, a Gigabit port negotiates with the peer automatically to
determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer Ethernet port does not support
auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the Switch determines the connection speed by
detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode. When the Switch’s autonegotiation is turned off, a Gigabit port uses the pre-configured speed and duplex mode when
making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the settings of the peer Ethernet port
are the same in order to connect.
3.1.1.1 Default Ethernet Settings
The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the Switch are:
• Speed: Auto
• Duplex: Auto
• Flow control: Off
• Link aggregation: Off
3.1.1.2 Auto-crossover
All ports are auto-crossover, that is auto-MDIX ports (Media Dependent Interface Crossover),
so you may use either a straight-through Ethernet cable or crossover Ethernet cable for all
Gigabit port connections. Auto-crossover ports automatically sense whether they need to
function as crossover or straight ports, so crossover cables can connect both computers and
switches/hubs.
3.1.2 Dual Personality Interfaces
Dual Personality interfaces comprise 1000Base-T/mini-GBIC combo ports. For each interface
you can connect either to the 1000Base-T port or the mini-GBIC port. The mini-GBIC ports
have priority over the 1000Base-T ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the
corresponding 1000Base-T port are connected at the same time, the 1000Base-T port will be
disabled.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3.1.2.1 Mini-GBIC Slots
These are slots for Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) transceivers. A transceiver is a single
unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. Use a transceiver to connect a fiber-optic cable to
the Switch. The Switch does not come with transceivers. You must use transceivers that
comply with the Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) Transceiver MultiSource Agreement
(MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i specification Rev 1.0 for details.
You can change transceivers while the Switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.
• Type: SFP connection interface
• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)
1 To avoid possible eye injury, do not look into an operating fiber-optic module’s
connectors.
3.1.2.1.1 Transceiver Installation
Use the following steps to install a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP or XFP module).
1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.
Figure 9 Transceiver Installation Example
2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
3 The Switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that
it is functioning properly.
Figure 10 Installed Transceiver
3.1.2.1.2 Transceiver Removal
Use the following steps to remove a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Figure 11 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example
2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
Figure 12 Transceiver Removal Example
3.1.3 Console Port
For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured
to the following parameters:
• VT100 terminal emulation
• 9600 bps
• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
• No flow control
Connect the male 9-pin end of the RS-232 console cable to the console port of the Switch.
Connect the female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.
3.1.4 Management Port
The MGMT (management) port is used for local management. Connect directly to this port
using an Ethernet cable. You can configure the Switch via Telnet or the web configurator.
The default IP address of the management port is 192.168.0.1 with a subnet mask of
255.255.255.0.
3.2 Rear Panel
40
The following figure shows the rear panel of the Switch.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Figure 13 Rear Panel
3.2.1 Power Connector
" Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.
Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.
To connect the power to the Switch, insert the female end of power cord to the power
receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to a power
outlet. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.
3.3 LEDs
After you connect the power to the Switch, view the LEDs to ensure proper functioning of the
Switch and as an aid in troubleshooting.
Table 2 LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
PWR Green On The system is turned on.
SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.
ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.
Gigabit Ports
LNK/ACT Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet network.
FDX Amber On The Gigabit port is negotiating in full-duplex mode.
Off The system is off.
On The system is on and functioning properly.
Off The power is off or the system is not ready or is malfunctioning.
Off The system is functioning normally.
On The link to a 10/1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet network.
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
Off The Gigabit port is negotiating in half-duplex mode.
Mini-GBIC Slots
LNK Green On The link to this port is up.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Table 2 LED Descriptions (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
ACT Green Blinking This port is receiving or transmitting data.
MGMT
10 Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
100 Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
On The port is connected at 10Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 10Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
On The port is connected at 100Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 100Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
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PART II
Basic Configuration
The Web Configurator (45)
Initial Setup Example (53)
System Status and Port Statistics (57)
Basic Setting (63)
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CHAPTER 4
The Web Configurator
This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.
4.1 Introduction
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy Switch setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by
default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
4.2 System Login
1 Start your web browser.
2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the Switch (for example, the default management IP
address is 192.168.1.1 through an in-band (non-MGMT) port and 192.168.0.1 through
the MGMT port) in the Location or Address field. Press [ENTER].
3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default
password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time
server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Figure 14 Web Configurator: Login
4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.
4.3 The Status Screen
The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.
The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.
Figure 15 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)
BDC
E
A
A - Click the menu items to open submenu links, and then click on a submenu link to open the
screen in the main window.
46
B, C, D, E - These are quick links which allow you to perform certain tasks no matter which
screen you are currently working in.
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B - Click this link to save your configuration into the Switch’s nonvolatile memory.
Nonvolatile memory is saved in the configuration file from which the Switch booted from and
it stays the same even if the Switch’s power is turned off. See Section 24.3 on page 176 for
information on saving your settings to a specific configuration file.
C - Click this link to go to the status page of the Switch.
D - Click this link to log out of the web configurator.
E - Click this link to display web help pages. The help pages provide descriptions for all of the
configuration screens.
In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview
BASIC SETTING
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details
BASIC SETTING ADVANCED APPLICATION IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
System Info
General Setup
Switch Setup
IP Setup
Port Setup
VLAN Status
VLAN Port Setting
Static VLAN
VLAN Detail
Static MAC Forwarding
Spanning Tree Protocol Status
Spanning Tree Configuration
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
Multiple Spanning Tree
Protocol
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm Control
Mirroring
Link Aggregation Status
Link Aggregation Setting
- Link Aggregation Control
Protocol
Port Authentication
802.1x
Port Security
Queuing Method
Multicast Status
Multicast Setting
- IGMP Snooping VLAN
- IGMP Filtering Profile
- MVR
-- Group Configuration
Authentication and Accounting
RADIUS Server Setup
TACACS+ Server Setup
Auth and Acct Setup
Loop Guard
Static Routing
DiffServ
DHCP Status
DHCP Relay
VLAN Setting
Maintenance
Firmware Upgrade
Restore Configuration
Backup Configuration
Access Control
SNMP
- Trap Group
Logins
Service Access Control
Remote Management
Diagnostic
Syslog Setup
Syslog Server Setup
Clustering Management
Status
Clustering Management
Configuration
MAC Table
ARP Table
Configure Clone
48
The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links
LINK DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings
System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware
monitoring information.
General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification
information and time settings for the Switch.
Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global Switch parameters
such as VLAN type, MAC address learning, GARP and priority queues.
IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IP address, subnet
mask (necessary for Switch management) and DNS (domain name server) and set
up to 64 IP routing domains.
Port Setup This link takes you to screens where you can configure speed, flow control and
priority settings for individual Switch ports.
Advanced Application
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q VLAN
(depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu).
Static MAC
Forwarding
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Bandwidth
Control
Broadcast Storm
Control
Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port to another
Link Aggregation This link takes you to screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to
Port
Authentication
Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate MAC address learning.
Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure queuing with associated
Multicast This link takes you to screen where you can configure various multicast features
Auth and Acct This link takes you to screens where you can configure authentication and
Loop Guard This link takes you to a screen where you can configure protection against network
IP Application
Static Route This link takes you to a screen where you can configure static routes. A static route
DiffServ This link takes you to screens where you can enable DiffServ and set DSCP-to-
DHCP This link takes you to screens where you can configure the DHCP settings.
Management
Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration
Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password
Diagnostic This link takes you to screens where you can view system logs and can test port(s).
Syslog This link takes you to screens where you can setup system logs and a system log
Cluster
Management
MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC address and VLAN ID
This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses for a
port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.
This link takes you to screens where you can configure the RSTP/MSTP to prevent
network loops.
This link takes you to screens where you can cap the maximum bandwidth allowed
from specified source(s) to specified destination(s).
This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.
port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without interference.
form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure IEEE 802.1x port
authentication as well as MAC authentication for clients communicating via the
Switch.
queue weights for each port.
and create multicast VLANs.
accounting services via external servers. The external servers can be either
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) or TACACS+ (Terminal
Access Controller Access-Control System Plus).
loops that occur on the edge of your network.
defines how the Switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP parameters
manually.
IEEE802.1p mappings.
file maintenance as well as reboot the system.
and configure SNMP and remote management.
server.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management
and view its status.
of a device attach to a port. You can also view what kind of device it is.
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Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC address – IP address
resolution table.
Configure Clone This link takes you to a screen where you can copy attributes of one port to
(an)other port(s).
4.3.1 Change Your Password
After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator
password. Click Management > Access Control > Logins to display the next screen.
Figure 16 Change Administrator Login Password
4.4 Saving Your Configuration
When you are done modifying the settings in a screen, click Apply to save your changes back
to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s power is
turned off.
Click the Save link in the upper right hand corner of the web configurator to save your
configuration to nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory refers to the Switch’s storage that
remains even if the Switch’s power is turned off.
" Use the Save link when you are done with a configuration session.
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4.5 Switch Lockout
You could block yourself (and all others) from using in-band-management (managing through
the data ports) if you do one of the following:
1 Delete the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).
2 Delete all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the
management port of the Switch.
3 Filter all traffic to the CPU port.
4 Disable all ports.
5 Misconfigure the text configuration file.
6 Forget the password and/or IP address.
7 Prevent all services from accessing the Switch.
8 Change a service port number but forget it.
" Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the Switch. If you do lock
yourself out, try using out-of-band management (via the management port) to
configure the Switch.
4.6 Resetting the Switch
If you lock yourself (and others) from the Switch or forget the administrator password, you
will need to reload the factory-default configuration file or reset the Switch back to the factory
defaults.
4.6.1 Reload the Configuration File
Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the
factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations
and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600 bps with 8 data bit, no
parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and
the IP address to 192.168.1.1.
To upload the configuration file, do the following:
1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See
Section 3.2 on page 40 for details.
2 Disconnect and reconnect the Switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect
the Switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.
3 When you see the message “
seconds ...
4 Type
5 Wait for the “
6 After a configuration file upload, type
atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.
upload on your terminal.
” press any key to enter debug mode.
Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM
Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3
atgo to restart the Switch.
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Figure 17 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port
Bootbase Version: V0.6 | 05/18/2004 15:28:28
AM:Size = 32 Mbytes
DRAM POST: Testing: 32768K OK
DRAM Test SUCCESS !
FLASH: Intel 32M
ZyNOS Version: V3.60(LT.0)b3 | 06/21/2005 17:00:44
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.
...............................
Enter Debug Mode
ras> atlc
Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Total 262144 bytes received.
Erasing..
................................................................
OK
ras> atgo
The Switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default
password of “1234”.
4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator
Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password
again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session for
security reasons.
Figure 18 Web Configurator: Logout Screen
4.8 Help
The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.
52
Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that
screen.
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CHAPTER 5
Initial Setup Example
This chapter shows how to set up the switch for an example network.
5.1 Overview
The following lists the configuration steps for the initial setup:
• Create a VLAN
• Set port VLAN ID
• Configure the switch IP management address
5.1.1 Creating a VLAN
VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can
do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.
In this example, you want to configure port 10 as a member of VLAN 2.
Figure 19 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN
1 Click Advanced Application and VLAN in the navigation panel and click the Static
VLAN link.
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2 In the Static VLAN screen,
select ACTIVE, enter a
descriptive name in the Name
field and enter 2 in the VLAN
Group ID field for the VLAN2
network.
" The VLAN Group ID field in this screen and the VID field in the IP Setup
screen refer to the same VLAN ID.
3 Since the VLAN2 network is connected to port 10 on the switch, select Fixed to
configure port 10 to be a permanent member of the VLAN only.
4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware devices (such as computers and hubs) can receive frames
properly, clear the TX Tagging check box to set the switch to remove VLAN tags before
sending.
5 Click Add to save the settings.
5.1.2 Setting Port VID
Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames
are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 10 so that any untagged frames
received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.
Figure 20 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID
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Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
1 Click Advanced
Applications and VLAN
in the navigation panel.
Then click the VLAN
Port Setting link.
2 Enter 2 in the PVID field
for port 10 and click
Apply to save the
settings.
5.1.3 Configuring Switch Management IP Address
The default management IP address of the switch is 192.168.1.1. You can configure another IP
address in a different subnet for management purposes. The following figure shows an
example.
Figure 21 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address
1 Connect your computer to any Ethernet port on the switch. Make sure your computer is
in the same subnet as the switch.
2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.1.1 (the default IP address) in the address bar
to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 45 for more information.
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Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
3 Click Basic Setting and IP
Setup in the navigation panel.
4 Configure the related fields in
the IP Setup screen.
For the VLAN2 network, enter
192.168.2.1 as the IP address
and 255.255.255.0 as the subnet
mask.
5 In the VID field, enter the ID of
the VLAN group to which you
want this management IP
address to belong. This is the
same as the VLAN ID you
configure in the Static VLAN
screen.
6 Click Add.
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CHAPTER 6
System Status and Port
Statistics
This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details
screens.
6.1 Overview
The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary with links to each
port showing statistical details.
6.2 Port Status Summary
To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Status
screen as shown next.
Figure 22 Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details
screen (refer to Figure 23 on page 59).
Name This is the name you assigned to this port in the Basic Setting > Port Setup screen.
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Table 6 Status (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10 Mbps, 100M for 100 Mbps, 1000M
for 1000 Mbps, and 10G for 10 Gbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half).
It also shows the cable type (Copper or SFP) for the combo ports.
State If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the
port. (See Section 10.1.3 on page 92 for more information.)
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been
enabled on the port.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the transmission speed of data sent on this port in kilobytes per
Rx KB/s This field shows the transmission speed of data received on this port in kilobytes per
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has
Clear Counter Type a port number, select Port and then click Clear Counter to erase the recorded
second.
second.
been up.
statistical information for that port, or select Any to clear statistics for all ports.
6.2.1 Status: Port Details
Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics.
Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the
Switch.
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Figure 23 Status: Port Details
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Status > Port Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Info
Port NO. This field displays the port number you are viewing.
Name This field displays the name of the port.
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbpsl, 1000M for
State If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the
LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the transmission speed of data sent on this port in kilobytes per
1000 Mbps, and 10G for 10 Gbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half
duplex). It also shows the cable type (Copper or Fiber).
port. (See Section 10.1.3 on page 92 for more information.)
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
second.
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Table 7 Status > Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Rx KB/s This field shows the transmission speed of data received on this port in kilobytes per
second.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.
Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.
TX Packets This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
transmitted.
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.
Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags transmitted.
Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets received.
RX
Packets
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.
Control This field shows the number of control packets received (including those with CRC
TX Collision
The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.
Single This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission is inhibited
Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission was
Excessive This is a count of packets for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.
Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the
Error Packet The following fields display detailed information about packets received that were in
RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check)
Length This field shows the number of packets received with a length that was out of range.
Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64
Distribution
64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64
65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
received.
error) but it does not include the 802.3x Pause packets.
by exactly one collision.
inhibited by more than one collision.
Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the
retransmission count is reset.
packets have already been transmitted.
error.
error(s).
octets), including the ones with CRC errors.
octets in length.
between 65 and 127 octets in length.
between 128 and 255 octets in length.
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Table 7 Status > Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 256 and 511 octets in length.
512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 512 and 1023 octets in length.
10241518
Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the
This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.
maximum frame size.
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CHAPTER 7
Basic Setting
This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP
Setup and Port Setup screens.
7.1 Overview
The System Info screen displays general Switch information (such as firmware version
number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen
allows you to configure general Switch identification information. The General Setup screen
also allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an
external server when you turn on your Switch. The real time is then displayed in the Switch
logs. The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global Switch features. The
IP Setup screen allows you to configure a Switch IP address in each routing domain, subnet
mask(s) and DNS (domain name server) for management purposes.
7.2 System Information
In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting > System Info to display the screen as shown. You
can check the firmware version number and monitor the Switch temperature, fan speeds and
voltage in this screen.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 24 Basic Setting > System Info
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 Basic Setting > System Info
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the Switch for identification purposes.
ZyNOS F/W
Ver si on
Ethernet
Address
Hardware Monitor
Temperature
Unit
Temperature CPU, PHY, and MAC refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the Switch
Current This shows the current temperature at this sensor.
MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.
MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.
Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.
Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those
Fan Speed
(RPM)
Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).
MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in RPM.
This field displays the version number of the Switch 's current firmware including the
date created.
This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the Switch.
The Switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the
temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit
(Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.
printed circuit board.
above.
A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently
ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the
temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.
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Table 8 Basic Setting > System Info (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in RPM. “<41" is displayed for
speeds too small to measure (under 2000 RPM).
Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.
Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error
indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.
Voltage (V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
Current This is the current voltage reading.
MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.
MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.
Threshold This field displays the percentage tolerance of the voltage with which the Switch still
Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this
reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.
works.
point; otherwise Error is displayed.
7.3 General Setup
Use this screen to configure general settings such as the system name and time. Click Basic
Setting and General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
Figure 25 Basic Setting > General Setup
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 Basic Setting > General Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name Type a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to 64
Location Type the geographic location of your Switch. You can use up to 32 printable ASCII
Contact Person's
Name
Use Time Server
when Bootup
Time Server IP
Address
Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).
New Time
(hh:min:ss)
Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.
New Date (yyyymm-dd)
Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly
Daylight Saving
Time
Start Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected
printable characters; spaces are allowed.
characters; spaces are allowed.
Type the name of the person in charge of this Switch. You can use up to 32
printable ASCII characters; spaces are allowed.
Type the time service protocol that your timeserver uses. Not all time servers
support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to find a protocol that
works. The main differences between them are the time format.
When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the Switch displays the day,
month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format, it is
recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time
zone.
Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of
seconds since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.
NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868).
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the
Switch, the time and date will be reset to 1970-1-1 0:0.
Type the IP address of your timeserver. The Switch searches for the timeserver for
up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen
will appear locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.
Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears
in the Current Time field after you click Apply.
Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in
the Current Date field after you click Apply.
known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list
box.
Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set
their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the
evening.
Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time.
Daylight Saving Time. The time is displayed in the 24 hour format. Here are a
couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the second
Sunday of March. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving
Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select Second,
Sunday, March and 2:00.
Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All
of the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the
same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select
Last, Sunday, March and the last field depends on your time zone. In Germany for
instance, you would select 2:00 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead
of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
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Table 9 Basic Setting > General Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
End Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected
Daylight Saving Time. The time field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple
of examples:
Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the last Sunday of October.
Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M.
local time. So in the United States you would select First, Sunday, November and
2:00.
Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October.
All of the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the
same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select
Last, Sunday, October and the last field depends on your time zone. In Germany
for instance, you would select 2:00 because Germany's time zone is one hour
ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.
7.4 Introduction to VLANs
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security
among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from
accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the
printers and hard disks of another user on the same network.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast
packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a
specific broadcast domain.
" VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.
See Chapter 8 on page 77 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
7.5 Switch Setup Screen
Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port
Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 26 Basic Setting > Switch Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Basic Setting > Switch Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on
MAC Address
Learning
Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC
GARP Timer: Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See Chapter 8 on
page 77 for more background information.
Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each
Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.
Leave All Timer Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in
Priority Queue Assignment
IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default
priority of the ingress port. Use the following fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue
mapping.
The Switch has four physical queues that you can map to the eight priority levels. On the Switch, traffic
assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if
the network is congested.
whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen.
See Chapter 8 on page 77 for more information.
MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address
learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.
addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be
relearned).
port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and
65535 milliseconds; the default is 200 milliseconds. See Chapter 8 on page 77 for
more background information.
Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger
than Join Timer; the default is 600 milliseconds.
milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be
larger than Leave Timer.
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Table 10 Basic Setting > Switch Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the
variations in delay).
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems
Network Architecture) transactions.
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.
7.6 IP Setup
Use the IP Setup screen to configure the default gateway device, the default domain name
server and add IP domains.
7.6.1 IP Interfaces
The Switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP
address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
You can configure multiple IP addresses which are used to access and manage the Switch from
the ports belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(s).
" You must configure the VLAN first.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 27 Basic Setting > IP Setup
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Tabl e 11 Basic Setting > IP Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Domain
Name Server
Default
Management
In-band
Management
IP Address
DHCP Client Select this option if you have a DHCP server that can assign the Switch an IP address,
Static IP
Address
IP Address Enter the IP address of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for example 192.168.1.1.
IP Subnet
Mask
Default
Gateway
VID Enter the VLAN identification number associated with the Switch IP address. VID is the
Out-of-band
Management
IP Address
IP Address Enter the IP address of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for example 192.168.0.1.
IP Subnet
Mask
Default
Gateway
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
In-band IP
Addresses
This field is enabled if Static IP Address is selected.
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to
use a domain name instead of an IP address.
Specify which traffic flow (In-Band or Out-of-band) the Switch is to send packets
originating from itself (such as SNMP traps) or packets with unknown source.
Select Out-of-band to have the Switch send the packets to the out-of-band
management port. This means that device(s) connected to the other port(s) do not
receive these packets.
Select In-Band to have the Switch send the packets to all ports except the out-of-band
management port to which connected device(s) do not receive these packets.
subnet mask, a default gateway IP address and a domain name server IP address
automatically.
Select this option if you don’t have a DHCP server or if you wish to assign static IP
address information to the Switch. You need to fill in the following fields and Domain
Name Server when you select this option.
Enter the IP subnet mask of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for example
255.255.255.0.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.1.254.
VLAN ID of the CPU and is used for management only. The default is "1". All ports, by
default, are fixed members of this "management VLAN" in order to manage the device
from any port. If a port is not a member of this VLAN, then users on that port cannot
access the device. To access the Switch make sure the port that you are connected to
is a member of Management VLAN.
If you change this IP address, make sure the computer connected to this management
port is in the same subnet before accessing the Switch.
Enter the IP subnet mask of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for example
255.255.255.0.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.0.254.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
You can create IP addresses, which are used to access and manage the Switch from
the ports belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(s). You must configure a VLAN first.
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Tabl e 11 Basic Setting > IP Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Address Enter the IP address for managing the Switch by the members of the VLAN specified in
IP Subnet
Mask
VID Type the VLAN group identification number.
Default
Gateway
Add Click Add to save the new rule to the Switch’s run-time memory. It then displays in the
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Index This field displays the index number of an entry. Click an index number to edit the rule.
IP Address This field displays the IP address.
IP Subnet
Mask
VID This field displays the VLAN identification number of the network.
Default
Gateway
Manageable This field displays whether the Switch can be managed using the specified IP address.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
the VID field below.
Enter the IP subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation.
summary table at the bottom of the screen.
This field displays the subnet mask.
This field displays the IP address of the default outgoing gateway.
7.7 Port Setup
Use this screen to configure Switch port settings. Click Basic Setting > Port Setup in the
navigation panel to display the configuration screen.
Figure 28 Basic Setting > Port Setup
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Basic Setting > Port Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This is the port index number.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A
port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.
Name Type a descriptive name that identifies this port. You can enter up to 64 alpha-
numerical characters.
Note: Due to space limitations, the port name may be truncated in
some web configurator screens.
Type This field displays 10/100/1000M for a 1000Base-T connection.
Speed/Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the Ethernet connection on this port. The
Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer
802.1p Priority This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag.
Jumbo Frame Jumbo frames are Ethernet frames with a payload greater than 1500 bytes. Select
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
choices are Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex and
100M/Full Duplex for a 1000Base-T connection. 1000M/Full Duplex is supported by
both 1000Base-T and 1000Base-X connections.
Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port
automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends
support. When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the Switch negotiates with the
peer automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer
port does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the Switch determines
the connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex
mode. When the Switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the preconfigured speed and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to
make sure that the settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.
memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate
transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.
The Switch uses IEEE 802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and backpressure flow
control in half duplex mode.
IEEE 802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the
sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port
memory buffers fill.
Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision"
signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending
port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to
enable it.
See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 10 on page 68 for more information.
this if you want this port to accept jumbo frames. Clear this if you want this port to
discard jumbo frames.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
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PART III
Advanced Setup
VLAN (77)
Static MAC Forward Setup (89)
Spanning Tree Protocol (91)
Bandwidth Control (105)
Broadcast Storm Control (107)
Mirroring (109)
Link Aggregation (111)
Port Authentication (117)
Port Security (121)
Queuing Method (123)
Multicast (125)
Authentication & Accounting (139)
Loop Guard (153)
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CHAPTER 8
VLAN
The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup
screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs.
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were
created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The
VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches
need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an
untagged frame and contains two bytes for the TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within
the type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes for the TCI (Tag Control
Information, starting after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet
switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not
be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID,
giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID
are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a
priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the
ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to
identify priority frames and the value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible
number of VLAN configurations is 4,094.
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 bits
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames
Each port on the Switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the Switch first
decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame from
an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the Switch first decides
where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's default
VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
A broadcast frame (or a multicast frame for a multicast group that is known by the system) is
duplicated only on ports that are members of the VID (except the ingress port itself), thus
confining the broadcast to a specific domain.
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8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration
GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across
switches.
8.2.1 GARP
GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and deregister attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a
protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific
application, for example, GVRP.
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers
Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.
8.2.2 GVRP
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for
switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this
function to permit VLAN groups beyond the local Switch.
Please refer to the following table for common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology.
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology
VLAN PARAMETER TERM DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.
Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/
deregistration process.
VLAN Administrative
Control
VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing
VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that
Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.
Registration
Forbidden
Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.
Untagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN don't tag all
Acceptable Frame
Type
Ingress filtering If set, the Switch discards incoming frames for VLANs
Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the
specified VLAN.
frames transmitted.
outgoing frames transmitted.
this port received.
You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged
incoming frames, just tagged incoming frames or just
untagged incoming frames on a port.
that do not have this port as a member.
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8.3 Port VLAN Trunking
Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to
pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices
without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.
The following figure describes VLAN Trunking. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1
and 2 (V1 and V2) on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN
groups 1 and 2 on all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with
unknown VLAN group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each
intermediary switch you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D
and E automatically allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are
unknown to those switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).
Figure 29 Port VLAN Trunking
Chapter 8 VLAN
8.4 Select the VLAN Type
Select a VLAN type in the Basic Setting > Switch Setup screen.
Figure 30 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type
8.5 Static VLAN
Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be
• sent to a VLAN group as normal depending on its VLAN tag.
• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.
• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.
You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the
specified VID.
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8.5.1 Static VLAN Status
See Section 8.1 on page 77 for more information on Static VLAN. Click Advanced
Application > VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status screen as shown
next.
Figure 31 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
The Number of
VLAN
Index This is the VLAN index number. Click on an index number to view more VLAN
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the Switch; dynamic - using GVRP,
Change Pages Click Previous or Next to show the previous/next screen if all status information
This is the number of VLANs configured on the Switch.
details.
screen.
static VLAN was set up.
static - added as a permanent entry or other - added in another way such as via
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).
cannot be seen in one screen.
8.5.2 Static VLAN Details
Use this screen to view detailed port settings and status of the VLAN group. See Section 8.1
on page 77 for more information on static VLAN. Click on an index number in the VLAN
Status screen to display VLAN details.
Figure 32 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Status Click this to go to the VLAN Status screen.
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
screen.
Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is
marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN
are marked as “–“.
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a
static VLAN was set up.
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the Switch; dynamic - using GVRP,
static - added as a permanent entry or other - added in another way such as via
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).
8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN
Use this screen to configure and view 802.1Q VLAN parameters for the Switch. See Section
8.1 on page 77 for more information on static VLAN. To configure a static VLAN, click Static
VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the screen as shown next.
Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 33 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN
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The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 16 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings.
Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes. This name
VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this static entry; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.
Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is
Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames transmitted with
Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the
Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
consists of up to 64 printable characters; spaces are allowed.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
the default selection.
Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group.
Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.
this VLAN Group ID.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.
VLAN settings.
8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings
Use the VLAN Port Setting screen to configure the static VLAN (IEEE 802.1Q) settings on a
port. See Section 8.1 on page 77 for more information on static VLAN. Click the VLAN Port
Setting link in the VLAN Status screen.
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Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 34 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a
way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the
network.
Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local Switch.
Port This field displays the port number.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
Ingress Check If this check box is selected for a port, the Switch discards incoming frames for
VLANs that do not include this port in its member set.
Clear this check box to disable ingress filtering.
PVID Enter a number between 1and 4094 as the port VLAN ID.
GVRP Select this check box to allow GVRP on this port.
Acceptable
Frame Type
VLAN Trunking Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not
Specify the type of frames allowed on a port.
Select All from the drop-down list box to accept all untagged or tagged frames on
this port. This is the default setting.
Select Tag Only to accept only tagged frames on this port. All untagged frames will
be dropped.
Select Untag Only to accept only untagged frames on this port. All tagged frames
will be dropped.
ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through the Switch.
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Table 17 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
8.6 Port-based VLAN Setup
Port-based VLANs are VLANs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the
destination MAC address and its associated port.
Port-based VLANs require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if
you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference
rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port
through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.
Port-based VLANs are specific only to the Switch on which they were created.
" When you activate port-based VLAN, the Switch uses a default VLAN ID of 1.
You cannot change it.
" In screens (such as IP Setup) that require a VID, you must enter 1 as the VID.
The port-based VLAN setup screen is shown next. The CPU management port forms a VLAN
with all Ethernet ports.
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN
Select Port Based as the VLAN Type in the Switch Setup screen and then click VLAN
from the navigation panel to display the following screen. Select either All Connected or Port
Isolated from the drop-down list depending on your VLAN and VLAN security requirements.
If VLAN members need to communicate directly with each other, then select All Connected.
Select Port Isolated if you want to restrict users from communicating directly. Click Apply to
save your settings.
The following screen shows users on a port-based, all-connected VLAN configuration.
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Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 35 Advanced Application > VLAN > Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected)
The following screen shows users on a port-based, port-isolated VLAN configuration.
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Figure 36 Advanced Application > VLAN: Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation)
86
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN: Port Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Setting Wizard Choose All connected or Port isolation.
All connected means all ports can communicate with each other, that is, there are no
virtual LANs. All incoming and outgoing ports are selected. This option is the most
flexible but also the least secure.
Port isolation means that each port can only communicate with the CPU
management port and cannot communicate with each other. All incoming ports are
selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most limiting
but also the most secure.
After you make your selection, click Apply (top right of screen) to display the screens
as mentioned above. You can still customize these settings by adding/deleting
incoming or outgoing ports, but you must also click Apply at the bottom of the screen.
Incoming These are the ingress ports; an ingress port is an incoming port, that is, a port through
which a data packet enters. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the ingress port for both ports. The numbers in the top row
denote the incoming port for the corresponding port listed on the left (its outgoing
port). CPU refers to the Switch management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all
Ethernet ports. If it does not form a VLAN with a particular port then the Switch cannot
be managed from that port.
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Chapter 8 VLAN
Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN: Port Based VLAN Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Outgoing These are the egress ports. An egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port through
which a data packet leaves. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the egress port for both ports. CPU refers to the Switch
management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all Ethernet ports. If it does not form
a VLAN with a particular port then the Switch cannot be managed from that port.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
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CHAPTER 9
Static MAC Forward Setup
Use these screens to configure static MAC address forwarding.
9.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure forwarding rules based on MAC addresses of devices
on your network.
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding
A static MAC address is an address that has been manually entered in the MAC address table.
Static MAC addresses do not age out. When you set up static MAC address rules, you are
setting static MAC addresses for a port. This may reduce the need for broadcasting.
Static MAC address forwarding together with port security allows only computers in the MAC
address table on a port to access the Switch. See Chapter 16 on page 121 for more information
on port security.
Click Advanced Applications > Static MAC Forwarding in the navigation panel to display
the configuration screen as shown.
Figure 37 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding
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Chapter 9 Static MAC Forward Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 19 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a rule
Name Enter a descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC address
MAC Address Enter the MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal
without deleting it by clearing this check box.
forwarding rule.
character pairs.
Note: Static MAC addresses do not age out.
VID Enter the VLAN identification number.
Port Enter the port where the MAC address entered in the previous field will be
automatically forwarded.
Add Click Add to save your rule to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses this
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Clear Click Clear to reset the fields to the factory defaults.
Index Click an index number to modify a static MAC address rule for a port.
Active This field displays whether this static MAC address forwarding rule is active (Yes) or
Name This field displays the descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC
MAC Address This field displays the MAC address that will be forwarded and the VLAN
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group.
Port This field displays the port where the MAC address shown in the next field will be
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
rule if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel
to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.
not (No). You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it.
address-forwarding rule.
identification number to which the MAC address belongs.
forwarded.
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CHAPTER 10
Spanning Tree Protocol
The Switch supports Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
and Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) as defined in the following standards.
• IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol
• IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
• IEEE 802.1s Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
The Switch also allows you to set up multiple STP configurations (or trees). Ports can then be
assigned to the trees.
10.1 STP/RSTP Overview
(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a Switch to interact with other (R)STP-compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.
The Switch uses IEEE 802.1w RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) that allows faster
convergence of the spanning tree than STP (while also being backwards compatible with STPonly aware bridges). In RSTP, topology change information is directly propagated throughout
the network from the device that generates the topology change. In STP, a longer delay is
required as the device that causes a topology change first notifies the root bridge and then the
root bridge notifies the network. Both RSTP and STP flush unwanted learned addresses from
the filtering database. In RSTP, the port states are Discarding, Learning, and Forwarding.
" In this user’s guide, “STP” refers to both STP and RSTP.
10.1.1 STP Terminology
The root bridge is the base of the spanning tree.
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Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame onto a LAN through that port. The recommended
cost is assigned according to the speed of the link to which a port is attached. The slower the
media, the higher the cost.
Table 20 STP Path Costs
LINK
SPEED
Path
Cost
Path
Cost
Path
Cost
Path
Cost
Path
Cost
Path
Cost
4Mbps 250 100 to 1000 1 to 65535
10Mbps 100 50 to 600 1 to 65535
16Mbps 62 40 to 400 1 to 65535
100Mbps 19 10 to 60 1 to 65535
1Gbps 4 3 to 10 1 to 65535
10Gbps 2 1 to 5 1 to 65535
On each bridge, the bridge communicates with the root through the root port. The root port is
the port on this Switch with the lowest path cost to the root (the root path cost). If there is no
root port, then this Switch has been accepted as the root bridge of the spanning tree network.
RECOMMENDED
VALUE
RECOMMENDED
RANGE
ALLOWED
RANGE
For each LAN segment, a designated bridge is selected. This bridge has the lowest cost to the
root among the bridges connected to the LAN.
10.1.2 How STP Works
After a bridge determines the lowest cost-spanning tree with STP, it enables the root port and
the ports that are the designated ports for connected LANs, and disables all other ports that
participate in STP. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between enabled ports,
eliminating any possible network loops.
STP-aware switches exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) periodically. When the
bridged LAN topology changes, a new spanning tree is constructed.
Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs
(Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the root bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello
BPDU after a predefined interval (Max Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the root
bridge is down. This bridge then initiates negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the
network to re-establish a valid network topology.
10.1.3 STP Port States
STP assigns five port states to eliminate packet looping. A bridge port is not allowed to go
directly from blocking state to forwarding state so as to eliminate transient loops.
Table 21 STP Port States
PORT STATE DESCRIPTION
Disabled STP is disabled (default).
Blocking Only configuration and management BPDUs are received and processed.
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Table 21 STP Port States
PORT STATE DESCRIPTION
Listening All BPDUs are received and processed.
Note: The listening state does not exist in RSTP.
Learning All BPDUs are received and processed. Information frames are submitted to the
learning process but not forwarded.
Forwarding All BPDUs are received and processed. All information frames are received and
forwarded.
10.1.4 Multiple STP
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1s) is backwards compatible with STP/RSTP and
addresses the limitations of existing spanning tree protocols (STP and RSTP) in networks to
include the following features:
• One Common and Internal Spanning Tree (CIST) that represents the entire network’s
connectivity.
• Grouping of multiple bridges (or switching devices) into regions that appear as one single
bridge on the network.
• A VLAN can be mapped to a specific Multiple Spanning Tree Instance (MSTI). MSTI
allows multiple VLANs to use the same spanning tree.
• Load-balancing is possible as traffic from different VLANs can use distinct paths in a
region.
Chapter 10 Spanning Tree Protocol
10.1.4.1 MSTP Network Example
The following figure shows a network example where two VLANs are configured on the two
switches. If the switches are using STP or RSTP, the link for VLAN 2 will be blocked as STP
and RSTP allow only one link in the network and block the redundant link.
Figure 38 STP/RSTP Network Example
A
VLAN 1
B
VLAN 2
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With MSTP, VLANs 1 and 2 are mapped to different spanning trees in the network. Thus
traffic from the two VLANs travel on different paths. The following figure shows the network
example using MSTP.
Figure 39 MSTP Network Example
A
VLAN 1
10.1.4.2 MST Region
An MST region is a logical grouping of multiple network devices that appears as a single
device to the rest of the network. Each MSTP-enabled device can only belong to one MST
region. When BPDUs enter an MST region, external path cost (of paths outside this region) is
increased by one. Internal path cost (of paths within this region) is increased by one when
BPDUs traverse the region.
Devices that belong to the same MST region are configured to have the same MSTP
configuration identification settings. These include the following parameters:
• Name of the MST region
• Revision level as the unique number for the MST region
• VLAN-to-MST Instance mapping
VLAN 2
B
10.1.4.3 MST Instance
An MST Instance (MSTI) is a spanning tree instance. VLANs can be configured to run on a
specific MSTI. Each created MSTI is identified by a unique number (known as an MST ID)
known internally to a region. Thus an MSTI does not span across MST regions.
The following figure shows an example where there are two MST regions. Regions 1 and 2
have 2 spanning tree instances.
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Figure 40 MSTIs in Different Regions
10.1.4.4 Common and Internal Spanning Tree (CIST)
A CIST represents the connectivity of the entire network and it is equivalent to a spanning tree
in an STP/RSTP. The CIST is the default MST instance (MSTID 0). Any VLANs that are not
members of an MST instance are members of the CIST. In an MSTP-enabled network, there is
only one CIST that runs between MST regions and single spanning tree devices. A network
may contain multiple MST regions and other network segments running RSTP.
Chapter 10 Spanning Tree Protocol
Figure 41 MSTP and Legacy RSTP Network Example
10.2 Spanning Tree Protocol Status Screen
The Spanning Tree Protocol status screen changes depending on what standard you choose to
implement on your network. Click Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol to see
the screen as shown.
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Figure 42 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol
This screen differs depending on which STP mode (RSTP or MSTP) you configure on the
Switch. This screen is described in detail in the section that follows the configuration section
for each STP mode. Click Configuration to activate one of the STP standards on the Switch.
10.3 Spanning Tree Configuration
Use the Spanning Tree Configuration screen to activate one of the STP modes on the
Switch. Click Configuration in the Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol.
Figure 43 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 22 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Spanning Tree
Mode
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
You can activate one of the STP modes on the Switch.
Select Rapid Spanning Tree or Multiple Spanning Tree. See Section 10.1 on
page 91 for background information on STP.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.
10.4 Configure Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
Use this screen to configure RSTP settings, see Section 10.1 on page 91 for more information
on RSTP. Click RSTP in the Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol screen.
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Figure 44 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 23 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Status Click Status to display the RSTP Status screen (see Figure 45 on page 99).
Active Select this check box to activate RSTP. Clear this checkbox to disable RSTP.
Note: You must also activate Rapid Spanning Tree in the
Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol >
Configuration screen to enable RSTP on the Switch.
Bridge Priority Bridge priority is used in determining the root switch, root port and designated port.
The switch with the highest priority (lowest numeric value) becomes the STP root
switch. If all switches have the same priority, the switch with the lowest MAC
address will then become the root switch. Select a value from the drop-down list
box.
The lower the numeric value you assign, the higher the priority for this bridge.
Bridge Priority determines the root bridge, which in turn determines Hello Time,
Max Age and Forwarding Delay.
Hello Time This is the time interval in seconds between BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units)
configuration message generations by the root switch. The allowed range is 1 to
10 seconds.
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Table 23 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
MAX Age This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch can wait without receiving a BPDU
before attempting to reconfigure. All switch ports (except for designated ports)
should receive BPDUs at regular intervals. Any port that ages out STP information
(provided in the last BPDU) becomes the designated port for the attached LAN. If it
is a root port, a new root port is selected from among the switch ports attached to
the network. The allowed range is 6 to 40 seconds.
Forwarding Delay This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch will wait before changing states.
This delay is required because every switch must receive information about
topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs
time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a blocking
state; otherwise, temporary data loops might result. The allowed range is 4 to 30
seconds.
As a general rule:
Note: 2 * (Forward Delay - 1) >= Max Age >= 2 * (Hello Time + 1)
Port This field displays the port number.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
Active Select this check box to activate RSTP on this port.
Priority Configure the priority for each port here.
Priority decides which port should be disabled when more than one port forms a
loop in a switch. Ports with a higher priority numeric value are disabled first. The
allowed range is between 0 and 255 and the default value is 128.
Path Cost Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame on to a LAN through that port. It is
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
recommended to assign this value according to the speed of the bridge. The
slower the media, the higher the cost - see Table 20 on page 92 for more
information.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.
10.5 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status
Click Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol in the navigation panel to display
the status screen as shown next. See Section 10.1 on page 91 for more information on RSTP.
" This screen is only available after you activate RSTP on the Switch.
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Figure 45 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: RSTP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 24 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: RSTP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Configuration Click Configuration to specify which STP mode you want to activate. Click RSTP
to edit RSTP settings on the Switch.
Bridge Root refers to the base of the spanning tree (the root bridge). Our Bridge is this
Bridge ID This is the unique identifier for this bridge, consisting of the bridge priority plus the
Hello Time
(second)
Max Age (second) This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch can wait without receiving a
Forwarding Delay
(second)
Switch. This Switch may also be the root bridge.
MAC address. This ID is the same for Root and Our Bridge if the Switch is the
root switch.
This is the time interval (in seconds) at which the root switch transmits a
configuration message. The root bridge determines Hello Time, Max Age and
Forwarding Delay.
configuration message before attempting to reconfigure.
This is the time (in seconds) the root switch will wait before changing states (that
is, listening to learning to forwarding). See Section 10.1.3 on page 92 for
information on port states.
Note: The listening state does not exist in RSTP.
Cost to Bridge This is the path cost from the root port on this Switch to the root switch.
Port ID This is the priority and number of the port on the Switch through which this Switch
Topology
Changed Times
Time Since Last
Change
must communicate with the root of the Spanning Tree.
This is the number of times the spanning tree has been reconfigured.
This is the time since the spanning tree was last reconfigured.
10.6 Configure Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
To configure MSTP, click MSTP in the Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol
screen. See Section 10.1.4 on page 93 for more information on MSTP.
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Figure 46 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP
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