ES-4024A
Ethernet Switch
User’s Guide
Version 3.60
8/2005
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Copyright
Copyright © 2005 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a
retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software
described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others.
ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This
publication is subject to change without notice.
Copyright 1
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Interference Statements and
Warnings
FCC Statement
This switch complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1 This switch may not cause harmful interference.
2 This switch must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operations.
FCC Warning
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital switch, pursuant
to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause
harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
CE Mark Warning:
This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which
case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
Taiwanese BSMI (Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection) A Warning:
Notice 1
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the
user's authority to operate the equipment.
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
Certifications
1 Go to www.zyxel.com
2 Interference Statements and Warnings
ES-4024A User’s Guide
2 Select your product from the drop-down list box on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's
page.
3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page.
Registration
Register your product online for free future product updates and information at www.zyxel.com for global
products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
Safety Warnings
For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• To reduce the risk of fire, use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger telecommunication
line cord.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high
voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel can service the device. Please contact
your vendor for further information.
• Use ONLY the dedicated power supply for your device. Connect the power cord or power adaptor to
the right supply voltage (110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT use the device if the power supply is damaged as it might cause electrocution.
• If the power supply is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power supply. Contact your local vendor to order a new power supply.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them. Do NOT
allow anything to rest on the power cord and do NOT locate the product where anyone can walk on
the power cord.
• If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical, gas or water pipes will be damaged.
• Do NOT install nor use your device during a thunderstorm. There may be a remote risk of electric
shock from lightning.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
Interference Statements and Warnings 3
ES-4024A User’s Guide
ZyXEL Limited Warranty
ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials
or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and
upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or
materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without
charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or
components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured
functionally equivalent product of equal value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This
warranty shall not apply if the product is modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or
subjected to abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This
warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of
merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for
indirect or consequential damages of any kind of character to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material
Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit
be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated
warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts
and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address,
Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary
from country to country.
4 ZyXEL Limited Warranty
Customer Support
Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support.
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
ES-4024A User’s Guide
METHOD
LOCATION
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sales@zyxel.dk +45 39 55 07 07
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support@zyxel.com +1-800-255-4101
+1-714-632-0882
sales@zyxel.com +1-714-632-0858 ftp.us.zyxel.com
support@zyxel.no +47 22 80 61 80 www.zyxel.no ZyXEL Communications A/S
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sales@zyxel.es +34 913 005 345
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sales@zyxel.se +46 31 744 7701
www.us.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications Inc.
REGULAR MAIL
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Customer Support 5
ES-4024A User’s Guide
METHOD
LOCATION
UNITED KINGDOM
SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE* WEB SITE
SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE
support@zyxel.co.uk +44 (0) 1344 303044
08707 555779 (UK only)
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www.zyxel.co.uk ZyXEL Communications UK
* “+” is the (prefix) number you enter to make an international telephone call.
REGULAR MAIL
Ltd.,11 The Courtyard,
Eastern Road, Bracknell,
Berkshire, RG12 2XB,
United Kingdom (UK)
6 Customer Support
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Copyright .................................................................................................................. 1
Interference Statements and Warnings.................................................................. 2
ZyXEL Limited Warranty ......................................................................................... 4
Customer Support ................................................................................................... 5
Table of Contents ..................................................................................................... 7
List of Figures ........................................................................................................ 17
List of Tables .......................................................................................................... 23
Preface.................................................................................................................... 27
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch................................................................................ 29
1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 29
1.2 Software Features ............................................................................................. 29
1.3 Hardware Features ............................................................................................ 32
1.4 Applications ....................................................................................................... 33
1.4.1 Backbone Application ............................................................................... 33
1.4.2 Bridging Example ..................................................................................... 33
1.4.3 High Performance Switched Example ...................................................... 34
1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples .............................................. 34
1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example ............................................................. 35
1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example ....................................................... 35
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection ................................................................ 37
2.1 Freestanding Installation ................................................................................... 37
2.2 Mounting the ES-4024A on a Rack .................................................................. 38
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements ................................................ 38
2.2.1.1 Precautions .................................................................................... 38
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the ES-4024A .................................. 38
2.2.3 Mounting the ES-4024A on a Rack .......................................................... 38
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview................................................................................................ 41
3.1 Front Panel Connection .................................................................................... 41
Table of Contents 7
ES-4024A User’s Guide
3.1.1 Console Port ........................................................................................... 41
3.1.2 Ethernet Ports .......................................................................................... 42
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings ................................................................ 42
3.1.3 Mini GBIC Slots ....................................................................................... 42
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation ................................................................ 43
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal ................................................................... 43
3.2 Rear Panel ........................................................................................................ 44
3.2.1 Power Connector ..................................................................................... 44
3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector ............................................. 45
3.3 Front Panel LEDs .......................................................................................... 45
3.4 Stacking Scenario Examples .......................................................................... 46
3.5 Uplink Scenario Example ................................................................................. 47
Chapter 4
The Web Configurator ........................................................................................... 49
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 49
4.2 System Login .................................................................................................. 49
4.3 The Status Screen ........................................................................................ 50
4.3.1 Change Your Password ........................................................................ 54
4.4 Switch Lockout ................................................................................................ 54
4.5 Resetting the Switch ....................................................................................... 55
4.5.1 Reload the Configuration File ................................................................. 55
4.6 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ............................................................... 56
4.7 Help ................................................................................................................. 56
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example............................................................................................. 57
5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 57
5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface ...................................................................... 57
5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings .......................................................... 58
5.1.3 Creating a VLAN ...................................................................................... 59
5.1.4 Setting Port VID ....................................................................................... 60
Chapter 6
System Status and Port Statistics........................................................................ 63
6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 63
6.2 Port Status Summary ...................................................................................... 63
6.2.1 Port Details ............................................................................................. 64
Chapter 7
Basic Setting ......................................................................................................... 69
7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 69
7.2 System Information ........................................................................................... 69
8 Table of Contents
ES-4024A User’s Guide
7.3 General Setup ................................................................................................. 71
7.4 Introduction to VLANs ...................................................................................... 73
7.5 IGMP Snooping ................................................................................................ 73
7.6 Switch Setup Screen ........................................................................................ 74
7.7 IP Setup ............................................................................................................ 75
7.7.1 IP Interfaces ............................................................................................ 76
7.8 Port Setup ......................................................................................................... 77
Chapter 8
VLAN ....................................................................................................................... 79
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN .................................................... 79
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames ............................................. 79
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration .......................................................................... 80
8.2.1 GARP ...................................................................................................... 80
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers ................................................................................. 80
8.2.2 GVRP ....................................................................................................... 80
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking ......................................................................................... 81
8.4 Select the VLAN Type ...................................................................................... 81
8.5 Static VLAN ....................................................................................................... 82
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status ................................................................................... 82
8.5.2 Configure a Static VLAN ........................................................................ 83
8.5.3 Configure VLAN Port Settings ................................................................. 85
8.6 Port-based VLANs ........................................................................................... 86
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN .................................................................. 86
Chapter 9
Static MAC Forwarding.......................................................................................... 91
9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 91
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ................................................................ 91
Chapter 10
Filtering................................................................................................................... 93
10.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 93
10.2 Configure a Filtering Rule ............................................................................... 93
Chapter 11
Spanning Tree Protocol......................................................................................... 95
11.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 95
11.1.1 STP Terminology ................................................................................... 95
11.1.2 How STP Works .................................................................................... 96
11.1.3 STP Port States ..................................................................................... 96
11.2 STP Status ..................................................................................................... 96
11.3 Configure STP ................................................................................................ 98
Table of Contents 9
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Chapter 12
Bandwidth Control............................................................................................... 101
12.1 Bandwidth Control Setup ............................................................................... 101
Chapter 13
Broadcast Storm Control .................................................................................... 103
13.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 103
13.2 Broadcast Storm Control Setup ..................................................................... 103
Chapter 14
Mirroring ............................................................................................................... 105
14.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 105
14.2 Port Mirroring Setup ...................................................................................... 105
Chapter 15
Link Aggregation ................................................................................................. 107
15.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 107
15.1.1 Dynamic Link Aggregation ................................................................. 107
15.1.2 Link Aggregation ID ............................................................................. 108
15.2 Link Aggregation Status ................................................................................ 108
15.3 Link Aggregation Setup ................................................................................ 109
Chapter 16
Port Authentication...............................................................................................111
16.1 Overview .........................................................................................................111
16.1.1 RADIUS ................................................................................................111
16.2 Port Authentication Configuration ...................................................................111
16.2.1 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security ........................................................... 112
16.2.2 Configuring RADIUS Server Settings ................................................. 113
Chapter 17
Port Security..........................................................................................................115
17.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 115
17.2 Port Security Setup ........................................................................................ 115
Chapter 18
DHCP......................................................................................................................117
18.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 117
18.1.1 DHCP modes ...................................................................................... 117
18.2 Configuring DHCP Server ............................................................................ 117
18.2.1 DHCP Server Configuration Example .................................................. 119
18.3 Configuring DHCP Relay ............................................................................... 120
18.3.1 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ................................................... 122
10 Table of Contents
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Chapter 19
Access Control..................................................................................................... 125
19.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 125
19.2 The Access Control Main Screen .................................................................. 125
19.3 About SNMP ................................................................................................. 126
19.3.1 Supported MIBs ................................................................................. 127
19.3.2 SNMP Traps ....................................................................................... 127
19.3.3 Configuring SNMP .............................................................................. 128
19.3.4 Setting Up Login Accounts ................................................................. 128
19.4 Service Port Access Control ........................................................................ 129
19.5 Remote Management .................................................................................. 130
Chapter 20
Classifier............................................................................................................... 133
20.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 133
20.2 Configuring the Classifier .............................................................................. 133
20.3 Classifier Configuration Example .................................................................. 136
Chapter 21
Differentiated Services........................................................................................ 139
21.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 139
21.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior .............................................................. 139
21.1.2 DiffServ Network Example .................................................................. 139
21.2 Activating DiffServ ........................................................................................ 140
21.3 Configuring Marking Rules ............................................................................ 141
21.4 DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p Priority Mapping ...................................................... 142
21.4.1 Configuring DSCP Settings .................................................................. 142
Chapter 22
Queuing Method................................................................................................... 145
22.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 145
22.1.1 Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) .............................................................. 145
22.1.2 Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) ........................................................... 145
22.2 Configuring Queuing ..................................................................................... 145
Chapter 23
VRRP ..................................................................................................................... 147
23.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 147
23.2 Viewing VRRP Status .................................................................................. 148
23.3 Configuring VRRP ......................................................................................... 149
23.3.1 IP Interface Setup ............................................................................... 149
23.3.2 VRRP Parameters ............................................................................... 150
23.3.2.1 Advertisement Interval ............................................................... 150
Table of Contents 11
ES-4024A User’s Guide
23.3.2.2 Priority ....................................................................................... 150
23.3.2.3 Preempt Mode ........................................................................... 150
23.3.3 Configuring VRRP Parameters ............................................................ 151
23.4 VRRP Configuration Summary ...................................................................... 152
23.5 VRRP Configuration Examples .................................................................... 152
23.5.1 One Subnet Network Example ............................................................ 152
23.5.2 Two Subnets Example ........................................................................ 154
Chapter 24
Static Route .......................................................................................................... 157
24.1 Configuring Static Routes ............................................................................. 157
Chapter 25
RIP ........................................................................................................................ 159
25.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 159
25.2 Configuring RIP ............................................................................................ 159
Chapter 26
IGMP...................................................................................................................... 161
26.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 161
26.2 Configuring IGMP ......................................................................................... 161
Chapter 27
DVMRP .................................................................................................................. 163
27.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 163
27.2 How DVMRP Works ...................................................................................... 163
27.2.1 DVMRP Terminology ........................................................................... 164
27.3 Configuring DVMRP ..................................................................................... 164
27.3.1 DVMRP Configuration Error Messages .............................................. 165
27.4 Default DVMRP Timer Values ...................................................................... 166
Chapter 28
OSPF ..................................................................................................................... 167
28.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 167
28.1.1 OSPF Autonomous Systems and Areas .............................................. 167
28.1.2 How OSPF Works ................................................................................ 168
28.1.3 Interfaces and Virtual Links .................................................................. 168
28.1.4 Configuring OSPF ............................................................................... 168
28.2 OSPF Status ................................................................................................ 169
28.3 Enabling OSPF and General Settings .......................................................... 170
28.4 Configuring OSPF Areas .............................................................................. 172
28.4.1 Viewing OSPF Area Information Table ................................................. 173
28.5 Configuring OSPF Interfaces ....................................................................... 174
12 Table of Contents
ES-4024A User’s Guide
28.6 Configuring OSPF Virtual Links ................................................................... 175
Chapter 29
Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 177
29.1 The Maintenance Screen .............................................................................. 177
29.2 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................ 177
29.3 Restore a Configuration File ......................................................................... 178
29.4 Backing Up a Configuration File ................................................................... 178
29.5 Load Factory Defaults .................................................................................. 179
29.6 Reboot System .............................................................................................. 179
29.7 FTP Command Line ...................................................................................... 180
29.7.1 Filename Conventions ........................................................................ 180
29.7.1.1 Example FTP Commands .......................................................... 180
29.7.2 FTP Command Line Procedure .......................................................... 181
29.7.3 GUI-based FTP Clients ........................................................................ 181
29.7.4 FTP over WAN Restrictions ................................................................ 182
Chapter 30
Diagnostic............................................................................................................. 183
30.1 Diagnostic ..................................................................................................... 183
Chapter 31
Cluster Management............................................................................................ 185
31.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 185
31.2 Cluster Management Status ......................................................................... 186
31.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ................................................. 187
31.2.1.1 Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch .................... 187
31.3 Configuring Cluster Management ................................................................. 188
Chapter 32
MAC Table............................................................................................................. 191
32.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 191
32.2 Viewing the MAC Table ................................................................................. 192
Chapter 33
IP Table ................................................................................................................. 193
33.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 193
33.2 Viewing the IP Table ..................................................................................... 194
Chapter 34
ARP Table ............................................................................................................. 195
34.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 195
34.1.1 How ARP Works .................................................................................. 195
Table of Contents 13
ES-4024A User’s Guide
34.2 Viewing ARP Table ....................................................................................... 195
Chapter 35
Routing Table ....................................................................................................... 197
35.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 197
35.2 Viewing the Routing Table ............................................................................ 197
Chapter 36
DHCP Server Status............................................................................................. 199
36.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 199
36.2 Displaying DHCP Server Status .................................................................... 199
36.3 Displaying Detail DHCP Server Information .................................................. 200
Chapter 37
Introducing the Commands .............................................................................. 203
37.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 203
37.1.1 Switch Configuration File ..................................................................... 203
37.2 Accessing the CLI .......................................................................................... 203
37.2.1 Access Priority .................................................................................... 204
37.2.2 The Console Port ................................................................................. 204
37.2.2.1 Initial Screen ............................................................................... 204
37.2.3 Telnet ................................................................................................... 204
37.3 The Login Screen ......................................................................................... 205
37.4 Command Syntax Conventions ..................................................................... 205
37.5 Getting Help ................................................................................................... 205
37.5.1 List of Available Commands ................................................................. 206
37.5.2 Detailed Command Information ........................................................... 206
37.6 Command Modes .......................................................................................... 207
37.7 Using Command History ................................................................................ 207
37.8 Saving Your Configuration ............................................................................. 208
37.8.1 Logging Out .......................................................................................... 208
37.9 Command Summary ...................................................................................... 208
37.9.1 User Mode ............................................................................................ 209
37.9.2 Enable Mode ........................................................................................ 209
37.9.3 General Configuration Mode ................................................................ 212
37.9.4 interface port-channel Commands ....................................................... 223
37.9.5 interface route-domain Commands ...................................................... 225
37.9.6 config-vlan Commands ........................................................................ 226
Chapter 38
Command Examples........................................................................................... 229
38.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 229
38.2 show Commands ........................................................................................... 229
14 Table of Contents
ES-4024A User’s Guide
38.2.1 show system-information .................................................................... 229
38.2.2 show hardware-monitor ........................................................................ 230
38.2.3 show logging ....................................................................................... 230
38.2.4 show interface ..................................................................................... 231
38.2.5 show mac address-table ..................................................................... 231
38.3 ping ............................................................................................................... 232
38.4 traceroute ...................................................................................................... 233
38.5 Restarting the Switch ..................................................................................... 233
38.5.1 Resetting to the Factory Default ........................................................... 234
38.6 no Command Examples ................................................................................ 234
38.6.1 no mirror-port ...................................................................................... 234
38.6.2 no trunk ................................................................................................ 235
38.6.3 no port-access-authenticator ................................................................ 235
38.7 interface Commands ..................................................................................... 236
38.7.1 interface port-channel ......................................................................... 236
38.7.2 interface route-domain ......................................................................... 236
38.7.3 filter ...................................................................................................... 237
38.7.4 mirror ................................................................................................... 238
38.7.5 gvrp ..................................................................................................... 238
38.7.6 ingress-check ...................................................................................... 239
38.7.7 frame-type ........................................................................................... 239
38.7.8 spq ...................................................................................................... 240
38.7.9 wfq ....................................................................................................... 240
38.7.10 egress set .......................................................................................... 241
38.7.11 qos priority .......................................................................................... 241
38.7.12 name .................................................................................................. 242
38.7.13 speed-duplex ...................................................................................... 242
38.8 Activating RSTP on the Stacking Module ...................................................... 243
Chapter 39
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ............................................................. 245
39.1 IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Overview .......................................................... 245
39.2 VLAN Databases ........................................................................................... 245
39.2.1 Static Entries (SVLAN Table) ............................................................... 245
39.2.2 Dynamic Entries (DVLAN Table) .......................................................... 246
39.3 Configuring Tagged VLAN ............................................................................. 246
39.4 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands ............................ 247
39.4.1 GARP Status ........................................................................................ 247
39.4.2 GARP Timer ........................................................................................ 247
39.4.3 GVRP Timer ......................................................................................... 248
39.4.4 Enable GVRP ....................................................................................... 248
39.4.5 Disable GVRP ...................................................................................... 249
39.5 Port VLAN Commands .................................................................................. 249
Table of Contents 15
ES-4024A User’s Guide
39.5.1 Set Port VID ........................................................................................ 249
39.5.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type ................................................................. 249
39.5.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP .............................................................. 250
39.5.4 Modify Static VLAN ............................................................................. 250
39.5.4.1 Modify a Static VLAN Table Example ......................................... 251
39.5.4.2 Forwarding Process Example ..................................................... 251
39.5.5 Delete VLAN ID .................................................................................... 251
39.6 Enable VLAN ................................................................................................ 252
39.7 Disable VLAN ................................................................................................ 252
39.8 Show VLAN Setting ...................................................................................... 252
Chapter 40
Troubleshooting................................................................................................... 255
40.1 Problems Starting Up the Switch ................................................................... 255
40.2 Problems Accessing the Switch .................................................................... 255
40.2.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ......................... 256
40.2.1.1 Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers .............................................. 256
40.2.1.2 JavaScripts ................................................................................. 259
40.2.1.3 Java Permissions ....................................................................... 261
40.3 Problems with the Password ......................................................................... 263
Appendix A
Product Specifications........................................................................................ 265
Appendix B
IP Subnetting........................................................................................................ 269
Index...................................................................................................................... 277
16 Table of Contents
ES-4024A User’s Guide
List of Figures
Figure 1 Backbone Application .............................................................................. 33
Figure 2 Bridging Application ................................................................................34
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Application ................................................. 34
Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application ...................................................................35
Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ...................................................... 36
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet ........................................................................... 37
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets .............................................................38
Figure 8 Mounting the ES-4024A on a Rack ........................................................ 39
Figure 9 Front Panel ............................................................................................. 41
Figure 10 Transceiver Installation Example ........................................................... 43
Figure 11 Installed Transceiver ............................................................................ 43
Figure 12 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ............................................ 44
Figure 13 Transceiver Removal Example .............................................................. 44
Figure 14 Rear Panel ............................................................................................ 44
Figure 15 Stacking Example 1 ...............................................................................46
Figure 16 Stacking Example 2 ...............................................................................47
Figure 17 Stacking Example 3 ...............................................................................47
Figure 18 Uplink Example ..................................................................................... 48
Figure 19 Web Configurator: Login ........................................................................ 49
Figure 20 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .............................................. 50
Figure 21 Change Administrator Login Password .................................................54
Figure 22 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port ........................................... 56
Figure 23 Web Configurator: Logout Screen .........................................................56
Figure 24 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface .......................................... 57
Figure 25 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ...................................................59
Figure 26 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ............................................... 60
Figure 27 Status .................................................................................................... 63
Figure 28 Status: Port Details ................................................................................ 65
Figure 29 System Info ........................................................................................... 70
Figure 30 General Setup ....................................................................................... 72
Figure 31 Switch Setup ......................................................................................... 74
Figure 32 IP Setup .................................................................................................76
Figure 33 Port Setup ............................................................................................. 77
Figure 34 Port VLAN Trunking ............................................................................... 81
Figure 35 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type .......................................................... 82
Figure 36 VLAN: VLAN Status .............................................................................. 82
Figure 37 VLAN: Static VLAN ...............................................................................84
Figure 38 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ...................................................................... 85
List of Figures 17
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Figure 39 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) .............................................. 87
Figure 40 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ...............................................88
Figure 41 Static MAC Forwarding .......................................................................... 91
Figure 42 Filtering .................................................................................................. 93
Figure 43 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ............................................................. 97
Figure 44 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ..................................................98
Figure 45 Bandwidth Control .................................................................................101
Figure 46 Broadcast Storm Control ....................................................................... 103
Figure 47 Mirroring ................................................................................................ 105
Figure 48 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................. 109
Figure 49 Link Aggregation: Configuration ............................................................ 110
Figure 50 RADIUS Server .................................................................................... 111
Figure 51 Port Authentication ................................................................................112
Figure 52 Port Authentication: 802.1x ...................................................................112
Figure 53 Port Authentication: RADIUS ................................................................113
Figure 54 Port Security .......................................................................................... 116
Figure 55 DHCP: Server ....................................................................................... 118
Figure 56 DHCP Server Network Example ........................................................... 119
Figure 57 DHCP Server Configuration Example ................................................... 120
Figure 58 DHCP: Relay ......................................................................................... 121
Figure 59 DHCP Relay Network Example ............................................................. 122
Figure 60 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ..................................................... 123
Figure 61 Console Port Priority ............................................................................. 125
Figure 62 Access Control ...................................................................................... 126
Figure 63 SNMP Management Model .................................................................. 126
Figure 64 Access Control: SNMP .......................................................................... 128
Figure 65 Access Control: Logins ..........................................................................129
Figure 66 Access Control: Service Access Control ...............................................130
Figure 67 Access Control: Remote Management .................................................. 130
Figure 68 Classifier ................................................................................................ 134
Figure 69 Classifier Example .................................................................................137
Figure 70 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field .....................................................139
Figure 71 DiffServ Network Example ..................................................................... 140
Figure 72 DiffServ .................................................................................................. 140
Figure 73 DiffServ: Marking Rule Setting .............................................................. 141
Figure 74 DiffServ: DSCP Setting .......................................................................... 143
Figure 75 Queuing Method .................................................................................... 146
Figure 76 VRRP: Example 1 ................................................................................. 147
Figure 77 VRRP Status ......................................................................................... 148
Figure 78 VRRP Configuration: IP Interface ..........................................................149
Figure 79 VRRP Configuration: VRRP Parameters .............................................. 151
Figure 80 VRRP Configuration: Summary ............................................................. 152
Figure 81 VRRP Configuration Example: One Virtual Router Network .................153
18 List of Figures
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Figure 82 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch A ................... 153
Figure 83 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch B ................... 153
Figure 84 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch A ....................................... 154
Figure 85 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch B ....................................... 154
Figure 86 VRRP Configuration Example: Two Virtual Router Network ................. 154
Figure 87 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch A .....155
Figure 88 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch B .....155
Figure 89 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch A ....................................... 155
Figure 90 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch B ....................................... 155
Figure 91 Static Routing ........................................................................................ 157
Figure 92 RIP ........................................................................................................ 160
Figure 93 IGMP ..................................................................................................... 161
Figure 94 How DVMRP Works .............................................................................. 164
Figure 95 DVMRP ................................................................................................. 164
Figure 96 DVMRP: IGMP/RIP Not Set Error ......................................................... 165
Figure 97 DVMRP: Unable to Disable IGMP Error ................................................ 165
Figure 98 DVMRP: Duplicate VID Error Message ................................................. 166
Figure 99 OSPF Network Example ........................................................................ 168
Figure 100 OSPF Status ........................................................................................ 169
Figure 101 OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings ........................ 171
Figure 102 OSPF Configuration: Area Setup ........................................................ 172
Figure 103 OSPF Configuration: Summary Table ................................................. 173
Figure 104 OSPF Interface .................................................................................... 174
Figure 105 OSPF Virtual Link ................................................................................ 175
Figure 106 Maintenance ....................................................................................... 177
Figure 107 Firmware Upgrade ..............................................................................177
Figure 108 Restore Configuration ......................................................................... 178
Figure 109 Backup Configuration .......................................................................... 178
Figure 110 Load Factory Default: Conformation .................................................... 179
Figure 111 Load Factory Default: Start .................................................................. 179
Figure 112 Reboot System: Confirmation .............................................................. 179
Figure 113 Reboot System: Start ........................................................................... 180
Figure 114 Diagnostic ............................................................................................ 183
Figure 115 Clustering Application Example ...........................................................185
Figure 116 Cluster Management: Status ...............................................................186
Figure 117 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen ...... 187
Figure 118 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch ...............188
Figure 119 Clustering Management Configuration ............................................... 189
Figure 120 MAC Table Flowchart ..........................................................................191
Figure 121 MAC Table ...........................................................................................192
Figure 122 IP Table Flowchart ............................................................................... 193
Figure 123 IP Table ...............................................................................................194
Figure 124 ARP Table ........................................................................................... 196
List of Figures 19
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Figure 125 Routing Table Status ...........................................................................197
Figure 126 DHCP Server Status ............................................................................ 199
Figure 127 DHCP Server Status Detail .................................................................. 200
Figure 128 Initial Console Port Screen ................................................................... 204
Figure 129 CLI: Login Screen ................................................................................205
Figure 130 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 1 ............................................206
Figure 131 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 2 ............................................206
Figure 132 CLI Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 1 ........................ 207
Figure 133 CLI: Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 2 ....................... 207
Figure 134 CLI: History Command Example ......................................................... 208
Figure 135 CLI: write memory ...............................................................................208
Figure 136 show system-information Command Example ....................................229
Figure 137 show hardware-monitor Command Example ...................................... 230
Figure 138 show logging Command Example ....................................................... 231
Figure 139 show interface Command Example ..................................................... 231
Figure 140 show mac address-table Command Example .....................................232
Figure 141 ping Command Example .....................................................................232
Figure 142 traceroute Command Example ............................................................ 233
Figure 143 CLI: boot Command Example ............................................................. 233
Figure 144 CLI: reload config Command Example ................................................ 234
Figure 145 CLI: Reset to the Factory Default Example ......................................... 234
Figure 146 no mirror-port Command Example ......................................................235
Figure 147 no trunk Command Example ............................................................... 235
Figure 148 no port-access-authenticator Command Example ..............................236
Figure 149 interface Command Example .............................................................. 236
Figure 150 interface Command Example .............................................................. 237
Figure 151 filter Command Example .....................................................................238
Figure 152 mirror Command Example .................................................................. 238
Figure 153 gvrp Command Example ..................................................................... 239
Figure 154 ingress-check Command Example ...................................................... 239
Figure 155 frame-type Command Example ........................................................... 240
Figure 156 spq Command Example ...................................................................... 240
Figure 157 wfq Command Example ...................................................................... 241
Figure 158 egress set Command Example ........................................................... 241
Figure 159 qos priority Command Example .......................................................... 242
Figure 160 name Command Example ................................................................... 242
Figure 161 speed-duplex Command Example ...................................................... 243
Figure 162 Tagged VLAN Configuration and Activation Example ......................... 246
Figure 163 CPU VLAN Configuration and Activation Example .............................247
Figure 164 GARP STATUS Command Example ................................................... 247
Figure 165 GARP Timer Command Example ......................................................... 248
Figure 166 GVRP Status Command Example ....................................................... 248
Figure 167 vlan1q port default vid Command Example ......................................... 249
20 List of Figures
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Figure 168 frame type Command Example ........................................................... 250
Figure 169 no gvrp Example ................................................................................. 250
Figure 170 Modifying Static VLAN Example .......................................................... 251
Figure 171 no vlan Command Example ................................................................ 252
Figure 172 show vlan Command Example ............................................................ 253
Figure 173 Pop-up Blocker ..................................................................................... 256
Figure 174 Internet Options ................................................................................... 257
Figure 175 Internet Options .................................................................................... 258
Figure 176 Pop-up Blocker Settings ....................................................................... 259
Figure 177 Internet Options .................................................................................... 260
Figure 178 Security Settings - Java Scripting .........................................................261
Figure 179 Security Settings - Java ........................................................................ 262
Figure 180 Java (Sun) ............................................................................................ 263
List of Figures 21
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22 List of Figures
ES-4024A User’s Guide
List of Tables
Table 1 Front Panel ............................................................................................... 41
Table 2 Front Panel LEDs ...................................................................................... 45
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview ....................................................... 51
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details .............................................. 51
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links ............................................................................. 52
Table 6 Status ........................................................................................................64
Table 7 Status: Port Details ....................................................................................65
Table 8 System Info ............................................................................................... 70
Table 9 General Setup ........................................................................................... 72
Table 10 Switch Setup ........................................................................................... 74
Table 11 IP Setup ................................................................................................... 76
Table 12 Port Setup ............................................................................................... 78
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology ............................................................80
Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status ................................................................................ 83
Table 15 VLAN: Static VLAN ................................................................................. 84
Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ....................................................................... 85
Table 17 Port Based VLAN Setup ......................................................................... 89
Table 18 Static MAC Forwarding ........................................................................... 92
Table 19 Filtering ................................................................................................... 93
Table 20 STP Path Costs ...................................................................................... 95
Table 21 STP Port States ...................................................................................... 96
Table 22 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ............................................................... 97
Table 23 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ................................................... 98
Table 24 Bandwidth Control ................................................................................... 101
Table 25 Broadcast Storm Control .........................................................................104
Table 26 Mirroring: Mirror Port Setting ...................................................................106
Table 27 Trunk Groups .......................................................................................... 107
Table 28 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch ..........................................................108
Table 29 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ...........................................................108
Table 30 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ...............................................109
Table 31 Link Aggregation: Configuration ..............................................................110
Table 32 Port Authentication: 802.1x ..................................................................... 112
Table 33 Port Authentication: RADIUS .................................................................. 113
Table 34 Port Security ...........................................................................................116
Table 35 DHCP: Server ......................................................................................... 118
Table 36 DHCP: Relay ........................................................................................... 121
Table 37 Access Control Overview ........................................................................ 125
Table 38 SNMP Commands ..................................................................................127
List of Tables 23
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Table 39 SNMP Traps ............................................................................................ 127
Table 40 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................... 128
Table 41 Access Control: Logins ...........................................................................129
Table 42 Access Control: Service Access Control ................................................. 130
Table 43 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................... 131
Table 44 Classifier ................................................................................................. 134
Table 45 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Number ..................................... 136
Table 46 Common IP Ports .................................................................................... 136
Table 47 DiffServ ................................................................................................... 141
Table 48 DiffServ: Marking Rule Setting ................................................................ 141
Table 49 Default DSCP-IEEE802.1p Mapping ...................................................... 142
Table 50 DiffServ: DSCP Setting ........................................................................... 143
Table 51 Queuing Method ..................................................................................... 146
Table 52 VRRP Status ...........................................................................................148
Table 53 VRRP Configuration: IP Interface ...........................................................150
Table 54 VRRP Configuration: VRRP Parameters ................................................151
Table 55 VRRP Configuring: VRRP Parameters ...................................................152
Table 56 Static Routing .......................................................................................... 157
Table 57 RIP ..........................................................................................................160
Table 58 IGMP ....................................................................................................... 161
Table 59 DVMRP ................................................................................................... 165
Table 60 DVMRP: Default Timer Values ................................................................ 166
Table 61 OSPF vs. RIP .......................................................................................... 167
Table 62 OSPF: Router Types ............................................................................... 167
Table 63 OSPF Status ...........................................................................................169
Table 64 OSPF Status: Common Output Fields .................................................... 170
Table 65 OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings ........................... 171
Table 66 OSPF Configuration: Area Setup ............................................................ 172
Table 67 OSPF Configuration: Summary Table ..................................................... 173
Table 68 OSPF Interface ....................................................................................... 174
Table 69 OSPF Virtual Link ....................................................................................175
Table 70 Filename Conventions ............................................................................180
Table 71 Diagnostic ............................................................................................... 183
Table 72 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications .......................................185
Table 73 Cluster Management: Status ................................................................... 186
Table 74 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ............................................... 188
Table 75 Clustering Management Configuration ...................................................189
Table 76 MAC Table ..............................................................................................192
Table 77 IP Table ................................................................................................... 194
Table 78 ARP Table ............................................................................................... 196
Table 79 Routing Table Status ...............................................................................197
Table 80 DHCP Server Status ............................................................................... 199
Table 81 DHCP Server Status Detail ..................................................................... 200
24 List of Tables
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Table 82 Command Summary: User Mode .......................................................... 209
Table 83 Command Summary: Enable Mode ........................................................ 209
Table 84 Command Summary: Configuration Mode .............................................. 212
Table 85 interface port-channel Commands .......................................................... 223
Table 86 interface route-domain Commands ......................................................... 226
Table 87 Command Summary: config-vlan Commands ........................................ 227
Table 88 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch .......................................... 255
Table 89 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch ................................................... 255
Table 90 Troubleshooting the Password ................................................................ 263
Table 91 General Product Specifications ...............................................................265
Table 92 Management Specifications .................................................................... 266
Table 93 Physical and Environmental Specifications ............................................. 267
Table 94 Classes of IP Addresses ......................................................................... 269
Table 95 Allowed IP Address Range By Class ...................................................... 270
Table 96 “Natural” Masks ...................................................................................... 270
Table 97 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ........................................................... 271
Table 98 Two Subnets Example ............................................................................ 271
Table 99 Subnet 1 .................................................................................................. 272
Table 100 Subnet 2 ................................................................................................ 272
Table 101 Subnet 1 ................................................................................................ 273
Table 102 Subnet 2 ................................................................................................ 273
Table 103 Subnet 3 ................................................................................................ 273
Table 104 Subnet 4 ................................................................................................ 274
Table 105 Eight Subnets ........................................................................................ 274
Table 106 Class C Subnet Planning ...................................................................... 274
Table 107 Class B Subnet Planning ......................................................................275
List of Tables 25
ES-4024A User’s Guide
26 List of Tables
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Preface
Congratulations on your purchase of the ES-4024A Ethernet Switch.
This preface introduces you to the ES-4024A Ethernet Switch and discusses the conventions
of this User’s Guide. It also provides information on other related documentation.
Note: Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware
upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at
www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
About This User's Guide
This manual is designed to guide you through the installation and configuration of your
ES-4024A for its various applications.
Related Documentation
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
• ZyXEL Glossary and Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com for an online glossary of networking terms and additional
support documentation.
Syntax Conventions
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters. “Select” or “Choose” means for
you to use one of the predefined choices.
• Command and arrow keys are enclosed in square brackets.
carriage return key;
• Mouse action sequences are denoted using a comma. For example, “click the Apple icon,
Control Panels and then Modem” means first click the Apple icon, then point your
mouse pointer to Control Panels and then click Modem.
• For brevity’s sake, we will use “e.g.,” as a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” for
“that is” or “in other words” throughout this manual.
• The ES-4024A Ethernet Switch may be referred to as “the ES-4024A” or “the switch” in
this User’s Guide.
[ESC] means the Escape key and [SPACE BAR] means the Space Bar.
[ENTER] means the Enter, or
Preface 27
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Graphics Icons Key
ES-4024A Computer Server
Computer DSLAM Gateway
Central Office/ ISP Internet Hub/Switch
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. E-mail all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to techwriters@zyxel.com.tw or send regular mail to The Technical Writing
Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. Thank you.
28 Preface
Getting to Know Your Switch
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the switch.
1.1 Introduction
The ES-4024A is a stand-alone layer-3 Ethernet switch with 24 10/100Mbps ports, two
Gigabit/mini-GBIC ports and one built-in stacking module.
With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the switch is easy. In addition,
the switch can also be managed via Telnet, any terminal emulator program on the console port,
or third-party SNMP management.
ES-4024A User’s Guide
CHAPTER 1
1.2 Software Features
This section describes the general software features of the switch.
IP Routing Domain
An IP interface (also known as an IP routing domain) is not bound to a physical port.
Configure an IP routing domain to allow the switch to route traffic between different
networks.
DHCP
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual
computers to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the
switch as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the switch provides the
TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If you disable the DHCP service, you must have another
DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured.
VLAN
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 29
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Differentiated Services (DiffServ)
With DiffServ, the switch marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at
DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic
flow.
Classifier
You can configure a classifier to categorize traffic flow and then define actions to be
performed on a traffic flow grouped by a classifier according to specific criteria such as the IP
address, port number or protocol type, etc..
Queuing
Queuing is used to help solve performance degradation when there is network congestion.
Two scheduling services are supported: Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) and Weighted Fair
Queuing (WFQ). This allows the switch to maintain separate queues for packets from each
individual source or flow and prevent a source from monopolizing the bandwidth.
Port Mirroring
Port mirroring allows you to copy traffic going from one or all ports to another or all ports in
order that you can examine the traffic from the mirror port (the port you copy the traffic to)
without interference.
Static Route
Static routes tell the switch how to forward IP traffic when you configure the TCP/IP
parameters manually.
IGMP
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a session-layer protocol used to establish
membership in a multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.
IGMP Snooping
The switch supports IGMP snooping enabling group multicast traffic to be only forwarded to
ports that are members of that group; thus allowing you to significantly reduce multicast traffic
passing through your switch.
IP Multicast
With IP multicast, the switch delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not
everybody. In addition, the switch can send packets to Ethernet devices that are not VLANaware by untagging (removing the VLAN tags) IP multicast packets.
30 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
ES-4024A User’s Guide
RIP
RIP (Routing Information Protocol allows a routing device to exchange routing information
with other routers.
OSPF
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state protocol designed to distribute routing
information within an autonomous system (AS). An autonomous system is a collection of
networks using a common routing protocol to exchange routing information. OSPF is best
suited for large networks.
DVMRP
DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) is a protocol used for routing multicast
data within an autonomous system (AS). DVMRP provides multicast forwarding capability to
a layer 3 switch that runs both the IPv4 protocol (with IP Multicast support) and the IGMP
protocol.
VRRP
Virtual Routing Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), defined in RFC 2338, allows you to create
redundant backup gateways to ensure that the default gateway of a host is always available.
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) / RSTP (Rapid STP)
(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.
Link Aggregation
Link aggregation (trunking) is the grouping of physical ports into one logical higher-capacity
link. You may want to trunk ports if for example, it is cheaper to use multiple lower-speed
links than to under-utilize a high-speed, but more costly, single-port link.
Port Authentication and Security
For security, the switch allows authentication using IEEE 802.1x with an external RADIUS
server and port security that allows only packets with dynamically learned MAC addresses
and/or configured static MAC addresses to pass through a port on the switch.
Maintenance and Management Features
• Access Control
You can specify the service(s) and computer IP address(es) to control access to the switch
for management.
• Cluster Management
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 31
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Cluster management (also known as iStacking) allows you to manage switches through
one switch, called the cluster manager. The switches must be directly connected and be in
the same VLAN group so as to be able to communicate with one another.
• Configuration and Firmware Maintenance
You can backup or restore the switch configuration or upgrade the firmware on the
switch.
1.3 Hardware Features
This section describes the ports on the switch.
Ethernet Ports
The ports allow the switch to connect to another Ethernet devices.
Gigabit Ethernet Ports
The ports allow the switch to connect to another WAN switch or daisy-chain to other switches.
Mini-GBIC Slots
Install SPF transceivers in these slots to connect to other Ethernet switches at longer distances
than the Ethernet port.
Console Port
Use the console port for local management of the switch.
Stacking Module
The built-in stacking module with two Gigabit ports that allow you to stack up to eight
switches.
Backup Power Supply Port
Connect a backup power supply device to this port to ensure uninterrupted network connection
in the event of a power failure.
Fans
The fans cool the switch sufficiently to allow reliable operation of the switch in even poorly
ventilated rooms or basements.
32 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
1.4 Applications
This section shows a few examples of using the switch in various network environments.
1.4.1 Backbone Application
In this application, the switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can
be expected in the near future.
The switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can connect
computers directly to the switch’s port or connect other switches to the switch.
In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the
network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print
servers etc.
Figure 1 Backbone Application
ES-4024A User’s Guide
1.4.2 Bridging Example
In this example application the switch connects different company departments (RD and
Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server
and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed
department servers via the switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a
Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the switch.
Moreover, the switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to
centralize multiple servers at a single location.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 33
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Figure 2 Bridging Application
1.4.3 High Performance Switched Example
The switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following
example, use trunking to connect these two networks.
Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not
feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and
adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The switch can provide
the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters
and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely
communicate with each other.
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Application
1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples
This section shows a workgroup and a shared server example using 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
34 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from
stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.
For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 8, “VLAN,” on page 79.
1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example
Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network
performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by
adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.
Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application
ES-4024A User’s Guide
1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example
Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server, as
shown in the following example. In this example, only ports that need access to the server
need belong to VLAN 1. Ports can belong to other VLAN groups too.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 35
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example
36 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Hardware Installation and
This chapter shows you how to install and connect the switch.
2.1 Freestanding Installation
1 Make sure the ES-4024A is clean and dry.
2 Set the ES-4024A on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the
ES-4024A and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.
3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the ES-4024A to allow air circulation and the
attachment of cables and the power cord.
ES-4024A User’s Guide
CHAPTER 2
Connection
4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.
5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the ES-4024A. These rubber feet
help protect the ES-4024A from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices
when stacking.
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet
Note: Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when
stacking.
For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 37
ES-4024A User’s Guide
2.2 Mounting the ES-4024A on a Rack
This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the
installation steps.
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements
• Two mounting brackets.
• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
Note: Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.
2.2.1.1 Precautions
• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.
• Make sure the position of the ES-4024A does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy.
Take all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the ES-4024A
1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the ES-4024A, lining up the four screw holes
on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the ES-4024A.
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the ES-4024A.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the ES-
4024A.
4 You may now mount the ES-4024A on a rack. Proceed to the next section.
2.2.3 Mounting the ES-4024A on a Rack
1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the ES-4024A) on one side of the
rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.
38 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
Figure 8 Mounting the ES-4024A on a Rack
ES-4024A User’s Guide
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the rack.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 39
ES-4024A User’s Guide
40 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
Hardware Overview
This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the ES-4024A and shows you how to
make the hardware connections.
3.1 Front Panel Connection
The figure below shows the front panel of the ES-4024A.
Figure 9 Front Panel
ES-4024A User’s Guide
CHAPTER 3
The following table describes the port labels on the front panel.
Table 1 Front Panel
LABEL DESCRIPTION
CONSOLE Only connect this port if you want to configure the switch using the command line
interface (CLI) via the console port.
24 10/100
Mbps RJ-45
Ethernet
Ports
Gigabit
Ethernet/ mini
GBIC ports
Connect these ports to a computer, a hub, an Ethernet switch or router.
Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet
switches or use them to daisy-chain other switches.
Alternatively, use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optical connections to
backbone Ethernet switches
3.1.1 Console Port
For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured
to the following parameters:
• VT100 terminal emulation
• 9600 bps
• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
• No flow control
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 41
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the switch. Connect the
female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.
3.1.2 Ethernet Ports
The ES-4024A has 24 10/100Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Ethernet ports. In 10/
100Mbps Fast Ethernet, the speed can be 10Mbps or 100Mbps and the duplex mode can be
half duplex or full duplex.
There are two pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have priority
over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port
are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled. The speed of the Gigabit
Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports can be 100Mbps or 1000Mbps and the duplex mode can be half
duplex (at 100 Mbps) or full duplex.
An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed (10/100Mpbs)
and duplex mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.
An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or
crossover Ethernet cable.
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings
The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the switch are:
• Speed: Auto
• Duplex: Auto
• Flow control: on
3.1.3 Mini GBIC Slots
These are slots for mini GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a
single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. The ES-4024A does not come with
transceivers. You must use transceivers that comply with the SFP Transceiver MultiSource
Agreement (MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i specification Rev 1.0 for details.
There are two pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have priority
over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port
are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.
You can change transceivers while the switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.
• Type: SFP connection interface
• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)
42 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Note: To avoid possible eye injury, do not look into an operating fiber-optic module’s
connectors.
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation
Use the following steps to install a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.
Figure 10 Transceiver Installation Example
ES-4024A User’s Guide
2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
3 The switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that
it is functioning properly.
Figure 11 Installed Transceiver
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal
Use the following steps to remove a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 43
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Figure 12 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example
2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
Figure 13 Transceiver Removal Example
3.2 Rear Panel
The following figure shows the rear panel of the switch. The rear panel contains the stacking
ports, a connector for backup power supply (BPS) and the power receptacle.
Figure 14 Rear Panel
3.2.1 Power Connector
Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.
44 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
To connect the power to the ES-4024A, insert the female end of power cord to the power
receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to a
100~240VAC/1.5A power outlet. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.
3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector
The backup power supply constantly monitors the status of the internal power supply. The
backup power supply automatically provides power to the switch in the event of a power
failure. Once the switch receives power from the backup power supply, it will not
automatically switch back to using the internal power supply even when the power is resumed.
3.3 Front Panel LEDs
The LEDs are located on the front panel. The following table describes the LEDs on the front
panel.
Table 2 Front Panel LEDs
ES-4024A User’s Guide
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
S1
S2
PWR Green On The system is turned on.
SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.
ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.
LNK/ACT
(Ethernet
ports)
FDX/COL
(Ethernet
ports)
Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving through the stacking port.
On The link through the stacking port is up.
Off The link through the stacking port is down.
Off The system is off.
On The system is on and functioning properly.
Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.
Off The system is functioning normally.
Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 10 Mbps Ethernet
network.
On The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 100 Mbps Ethernet
network.
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
Amber Blinking The Ethernet port is negotiating in half-duplex mode and collisions
are occurring; the more collisions that occur the faster the LED
blinks.
On The Ethernet port is negotiating in full-duplex mode.
Off The Ethernet port is negotiating in half-duplex mode and no
collisions are occurring.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 45
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Table 2 Front Panel LEDs (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
100/1000 Green On The link to a 1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Amber On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
ACT Green Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data.
On The port has a connection to an Ethernet network but not
receiving or transmitting data.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
LNK (mini
GBIC
Slots)
ACT(mini
GBIC
Slots)
Green On The port has a successful connection.
Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port.
Green Blinking The port is sending or receiving data.
Off The port is not sending or receiving data.
3.4 Stacking Scenario Examples
Use Ethernet cables when stacking the switches. See the following figures for example
stacking scenarios using the stacking module. The switches must form a closed ring in all
scenarios.
Figure 15 Stacking Example 1
46 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Figure 16 Stacking Example 2
Figure 17 Stacking Example 3
ES-4024A User’s Guide
See the chapter on CLI for information on configuring the stacking module (as well as other
ports) using line commands.
3.5 Uplink Scenario Example
Use Ethernet cables when daisy-chaining/uplinking the switches. See the following figure for
an example uplink connection using the stacking module. You must uplink to a Gigabit switch
using a category 5 Ethernet cable supporting Gigabit line rate when uplinking using the
stacking module.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 47
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Figure 18 Uplink Example
48 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.
4.1 Introduction
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy switch setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by
default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
ES-4024A User’s Guide
CHAPTER 4
The Web Configurator
4.2 System Login
1 Start your web browser.
2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the switch (for example, the default is 192.168.1.1) in
the Location or Address field. Press
3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default
password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time
server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.
Figure 19 Web Configurator: Login
[ENTER].
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 49
ES-4024A User’s Guide
4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.
4.3 The Status Screen
The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.
The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.
Figure 20 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)
In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.
50 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview
ES-4024A User’s Guide
BASIC SETTING
The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
ROUTING PROTOCOL MANAGEMENT
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details
BASIC SETTING
System Info
General Setup
Switch Setup
IP Setup
Port Setup
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
VLAN
VLAN Status
VLAN Port Setting
Static VLAN
Static MAC Forwarding
Filtering
Spanning Tree Protocol
Status
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Configuration
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm
Control
Mirroring
ROUTING PROTOCOL MANAGEMENT
Static Routing
RIP
IGMP
DVMRP
OSPF Status
OSPF Configuration
OSPF Interface
OSPF Virtual Link
Maintenance
Firmware Upgrade
Restore
Configuration
Backup
Configuration
Load Factory Default
Reboot System
Diagnostic
Cluster Management
Status
Cluster
Management
Configuration
MAC Table
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 51
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details
BASIC SETTING
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
Link Aggregation
Link Aggregation
Protocol Status
Link Aggregation
Port Authentication
RADIUS
802.1x
Port Security
DHCP
Access Control
SNMP
Logins
Service Access
Control
Remote
Management
Classifier
DiffServ
DSCP Setting
Marking Rule Setting
Queuing Method
VRRP
Status
VRRP Configuration
ROUTING PROTOCOL MANAGEMENT
IP Table
ARP Table
Routing Table
DHCP Server Status
The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links
LINK DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings
System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware
monitoring information.
General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification
information about the switch.
Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global switch parameters such
IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IP address, subnet
Port Setup This link takes you to screens where you can configure settings for individual switch
Advanced
Application
as VLAN type, MAC address learning, IGMP snooping, GARP and priority queues.
mask (necessary for switch management) and DNS (domain name server) and set
up to 64 IP routing domains.
ports.
52 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q VLAN
(depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu).
Static MAC
Forwarding
Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Bandwidth
Control
Broadcast Storm
Control
Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports to
Link Aggregation This link takes you to a screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to
Port
Authentication
Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate MAC address learning and
DHCP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the DHCP settings for the
Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password
Classifier This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the switch to group packets
DiffServ This link takes you to screens where you can enable DiffServ, configure marking
Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure SPQ or WFQ with
VRRP This link takes you to screens where you can configure redundant virtual router for
Routing Protocol
Static Route This link takes you to screens where you can configure static routes. A static route
This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses for a
port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.
This link takes you to screens where you can configure the STP/RSTP to prevent
network loops.
This link takes you to screens where you can cap the maximum bandwidth allowed
from specified source(s) to specified destination(s).
This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.
another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without
interference
form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure RADIUS (Remote
Authentication Dial-In User Service), a protocol for user authentication that allows
you to use an external server to validate an unlimited number of users.
set the maximum number of MAC addresses to learn on a port.
network on the ES-4024A.
and configure SNMP and remote management.
based on the specified criteria.
rules and set DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p mappings.
associated queue weights for each port.
your network.
defines how the ES-4024A should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP
parameters manually.
RIP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the RIP (Routing
IGMP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IGMP settings.
DVMRP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the DVMRP (Distance
OSPF This link takes you to screens where you can view the OSPF status and configure
Advanced
Management
Information Protocol) direction and versions.
Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) settings.
OSPF settings.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 53
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration
Diagnostic This link takes you to screens where you can view system logs and test port(s).
Cluster
Management
MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses (and types)
IP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the IP addresses (and types) of
ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses – IP
Routing Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the routing table in the ES-
DHCP Server
Status
file maintenance as well as reboot the system.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management
and view its status.
of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
address resolution table.
4024A.
This link takes you to screens where you can view the general and detail DHCP
server status.
4.3.1 Change Your Password
After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator
password. Click Advanced Application, Access Control and then Logins to display the next
screen.
Figure 21 Change Administrator Login Password
4.4 Switch Lockout
Note: You cannot log into the switch using the same administrator account
concurrently on different IP routing domains.
54 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
You could lock yourself (and all others) out from the switch by:
1 Deleting the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).
2 Deleting all IP routing domains.
3 Deleting all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the
management port of the switch.
4 Filtering all traffic to the CPU port.
5 Disabling all ports.
6 Assigning minimum bandwidth to the CPU port. If you limit bandwidth to the CPU port,
you may find that the switch performs sluggishly or not at all.
Note: Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the switch.
4.5 Resetting the Switch
If you lock yourself (and others) from the switch or forget the ES-4024A password, you will
need to reload the factory-default configuration file or reset the switch back to the factory
defaults.
ES-4024A User’s Guide
4.5.1 Reload the Configuration File
Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the
factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations
and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no
parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and
the IP address to 192.168.1.1.
To upload the configuration file, do the following:
1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See
Section 3.1.1 on page 41 for details.
2 Disconnect and reconnect the switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect the
switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.
3 When you see the message “
seconds ...
4 Type atlc after the “
5 Wait for the “
upload on your terminal.
6 After a configuration file upload, type
” press any key to enter debug mode.
Enter Debug Mode” message.
Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM
Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3
atgo to restart the switch.
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 55
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Figure 22 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port
Bootbase Version: V1.0 | 04/25/2003 10:01:06
RAM: Size = 32768 Kbytes
FLASH: Intel 32M
ZyNOS Version: V3.50(DU.0)b6 | 07/11/2003 18:00:29
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.
....................
Enter Debug Mode
ES-4024A> atlc
Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Total 262144 bytes received.
Erasing..
................................................................
OK
ES-4024A> atgo
The switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default password
of “1234”.
4.6 Logging Out of the Web Configurator
Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password
again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session both for
security reasons and so as you don’t lock out other switch administrators.
Figure 23 Web Configurator: Logout Screen
4.7 Help
The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.
Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that
screen.
56 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
This chapter shows how to set up the switch for an example network.
5.1 Overview
The following lists the configuration steps for the example network:
• Configure an IP interface
• Configure DHCP server settings
• Create a VLAN
• Set port VLAN ID
ES-4024A User’s Guide
CHAPTER 5
Initial Setup Example
5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface
On a layer-3 switch, an IP interface (also known as an IP routing domain) is not bound to a
physical port. The default IP address of the switch is 192.168.1.1 with a subnet mask of
255.255.255.0.
In the example network, since the RD network is already in the same IP interface as the
switch, you don’t need to create an IP interface for it. However, if you want to have the Sales
network on a different routing domain, you need to create a new IP interface. This allows the
switch to route traffic between the RD and Sales networks.
Figure 24 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface
1 Connect your computer to any Ethernet port on the switch. Make sure your computer is
in the same subnet as the switch.
2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.1.1 (the default IP address) in the address bar
to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 49 for more information.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 57
ES-4024A User’s Guide
3 Click Basic Setting and IP
Setup in the navigation panel.
4 Configure the related fields in the
IP Setup screen.
For the Sales network, enter
192.168.2.1 as the IP address and
255.255.255.0 as the subnet
mask.
5 In the VID field, enter the ID of
the VLAN group to which you
want this IP interface to belong.
This is the same as the VLAN ID
you configure in the Static
VLAN screen.
6 Click Add.
5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings
You can set the switch to assign network information (such as the IP address, DNS server,
etc.) to DHCP clients on the network.
For the example network, configure two DHCP client pools on the switch for the DHCP
clients in the RD and Sales networks.
1 In the web configurator, click
Advanced Application and DHCP in
the navigation panel.
2 In the DHCP screen, specify the ID of
the VLAN to which the DHCP clients
belong, the starting IP address pool,
subnet mask, default gateway address
and the DNS server address(es).
3 Click Add to save the settings.
58 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
5.1.3 Creating a VLAN
VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can
do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.
In this example, you want to configure port 10 as a member of VLAN 2.
Figure 25 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN
ES-4024A User’s Guide
1 Click Advanced Application and VLAN in the navigation panel and click the Static
VLAN link.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 59
ES-4024A User’s Guide
2 In the Static VLAN screen,
select ACTIVE, enter a
descriptive name in the Name
field and enter 2 in the VLAN
Group ID field for the Sales
network.
Note: The VLAN Group ID field in
this screen and the VID field
in the IP Setup screen refer
to the same VLAN ID.
3 Since the Sales network is
connected to port 10 on the
switch, select Fixed to configure
port 10 to be a permanent
member of the VLAN only.
4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware
devices (such as computers and
hubs) can receive frames
properly, clear the TX Tagging
check box to set the switch to
remove VLAN tags before
sending.
5 Click Add to save the settings.
5.1.4 Setting Port VID
Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames
are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 10 so that any untagged frames
received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.
Figure 26 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID
60 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
1 Click Advanced
Applications and VLAN
in the navigation panel.
Then click the VLAN
Port Setting link.
2 Enter 2 in the PVID field
for port 10 and click
Apply to save the
settings.
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 61
ES-4024A User’s Guide
62 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details
screens.
6.1 Overview
The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary table with links to
each port showing statistical details.
ES-4024A User’s Guide
CHAPTER 6
System Status and Port
Statistics
6.2 Port Status Summary
To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Status
screen as shown next.
Figure 27 Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 63
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Table 6 Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System up Time This field shows how long the system has been running since the last time it was
Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or another
State This field displays the STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) state of the port. See the
LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
Stop Click Stop to halt system statistic polling.
Clear Counter Select a port from the Port drop-down list box and then click Clear Counter to erase
started.
screen (refer to Figure 28 on page 65).
value depending on the uplink module being used) and the duplex (F for full duplex
or H for half duplex).
chapter on STP for details on STP states.
enabled on the port.
been up.
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
the recorded statistical information for that port.
6.2.1 Port Details
Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics.
Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the
switch.
64 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
Figure 28 Status: Port Details
ES-4024A User’s Guide
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Status: Port Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Info
Link This field shows whether the Ethernet connection is down, and the speed/duplex
Status This field shows the training state of the ports. The states are FORWARDING
LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 65
mode.
(forwarding), which means the link is functioning normally or STOP (the port is stopped
to break a loop or duplicate path).
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.
Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.
TX This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.
Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags transmitted.
Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets received.
RX This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64
65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
1024-1518 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
>1518 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) transmitted that were
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.
Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags received.
Control This field shows the number of control packets received (including those with CRC
TX Collision
The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.
Single This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission is inhibited
Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission was inhibited
Excessive This is a count of packets for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.
transmitted.
received.
octets in length.
between 65 and 127 octets in length.
between 128 and 255 octets in length.
between 256 and 511 octets in length.
between 512 and 1023 octets in length.
between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.
greater than 1518 octets in length.
error) but it does not include the 802.3x Pause packets.
by exactly one collision.
by more than one collision.
Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the
retransmission count is reset.
66 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
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Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the
packets have already been transmitted.
Error Packet The following fields display detailed information about packets received that were in
error.
RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check)
error(s).
Length This field shows the number of packets received with a length that was out of range.
Alignment This field shows the number of packets received of proper size but with CRC error(s)
and a non-integral number of octets.
Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64
octets), including the ones with CRC errors.
Dropped
Packet
Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
Stop Click Stop to stop port statistic polling.
The following filed indicates why packets were dropped.
maximum frame size.
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 67
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68 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP
Setup and Port Setup screens.
7.1 Overview
The System Info screen displays general switch information (such as firmware version
number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen
allows you to configure general switch identification information. The General Setup screen
also allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an
external server when you turn on your switch. The real time is then displayed in the switch
logs. The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global switch features. The
IP Setup screen allows you to configure a switch IP address in each routing domain, subnet
mask(s) and DNS (domain name server) for management purposes.
ES-4024A User’s Guide
CHAPTER 7
Basic Setting
7.2 System Information
In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting and System Info to display the screen as shown.
You can check the firmware version number and monitor the switch temperature, fan speeds
and voltage in this screen.
Chapter 7 Basic Setting 69
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Figure 29 System Info
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 System Info
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the switch for identification purposes.
ZyNOS F/W
Ver si on
Ethernet
Address
Hardware Monitor
Temperature
Unit
Temperature MAC, CPU and PHY refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the switch
Current This shows the current temperature in degrees centigrade at this sensor.
MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.
MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.
Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.
Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those
This field displays the version number of the switch 's current firmware including the
date created.
This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the switch.
The switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the
temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit
(Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.
printed circuit board.
above.
70 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 8 System Info (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Fan Speed
(RPM)
Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).
MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.
Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error
Voltage(V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
Current This is the current voltage reading.
MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.
MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.
Threshold This field displays the percentage tolerance of the voltage with which the switch still
Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
Stop Click Stop to halt statistic polling.
A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently
ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the
temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.
(RPM).
(RPM). "<41" is displayed for speeds too small to measure (under 2000 RPM).
indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.
reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.
works.
point; otherwise Error is displayed.
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
7.3 General Setup
Click Basic Setting and General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
Chapter 7 Basic Setting 71
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Figure 30 General Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 General Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to
Location Enter the geographic location (up to 30 characters) of your switch.
Contact Person's
Name
Use Time Server
when Bootup
Time Server IP
Address
Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).
New Time
(hh:min:ss)
Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.
New Date (yyyymm-dd)
32 printable characters; spaces are allowed.
Enter the name (up to 30 characters) of the person in charge of this switch.
Enter the time service protocol that a timeserver sends when you turn on the switch.
Not all timeservers support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to
find a protocol that works. The main differences between them are the time format.
When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the switch displays the day,
month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format it is
recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time
zone.
Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of seconds
since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.
NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868) .
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the
switch, the time and date will be reset to 2000-1-1 0:0.
Enter the IP address (or URL if you configure a domain name server in the IP Setup
screen) of your timeserver. The switch searches for the timeserver for up to 60
seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen will appear
locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.
Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears
in the Current Time field after you click Apply.
Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in
the Current Date field after you click Apply.
72 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 9 General Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly
known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list
box.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
7.4 Introduction to VLANs
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security
among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from
accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the
printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.
ES-4024A User’s Guide
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast
packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a
specific broadcast domain.
Note: VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.
See Chapter 8 on page 79 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
7.5 IGMP Snooping
A switch can passively snoop on IGMP Query, Report and Leave (IGMP version 2) packets
transferred between IP multicast routers/switches and IP multicast hosts to learn the IP
multicast group membership. It checks IGMP packets passing through it, picks out the group
registration information, and configures multicasting accordingly. IGMP snooping allows the
switch to learn multicast groups without you having to manually configure them.
The switch forwards multicast traffic destined for multicast groups (that it has learned from
IGMP snooping or that you have manually configured) to ports that are members of that
group. The switch discards multicast traffic destined for multicast groups that it does not
know. IGMP snooping generates no additional network traffic, allowing you to significantly
reduce multicast traffic passing through your switch.
Chapter 7 Basic Setting 73
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7.6 Switch Setup Screen
Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port
Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.
Figure 31 Switch Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Switch Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on
IGMP Snooping Select the Active checkbox to enable IGMP snooping have group multicast traffic
whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen.
See Chapter 8 on page 79 for more information.
only forwarded to ports that are members significantly reducing multicast traffic
passing through your switch. See Section 7.5 on page 73 for more information on
IGMP snooping.
Note: You cannot enable both IGMP snooping and IGMP at the
same time. Refer to Chapter 26 on page 161 for more
information.
MAC Address
Learning
Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC
MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address
learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.
addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be
relearned).
74 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Table 10 Switch Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GARP Timer: Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All message
terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See the chapter on VLAN
setup for more background information.
Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each
port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and
65535 milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup for more background
information.
Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.
Leave All Timer Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in
Priority Queue Assignment
IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default
priority of the ingress port. Use the next two fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue
mapping.
The switch has four physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the switch, traffic
assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the
network is congested.
Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger
than Join Timer.
milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be
larger than Leave Timer.
variations in delay).
Network Architecture) transactions.
important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
7.7 IP Setup
Use the IP Setup screen to configure the default gateway device, the default domain name
server and add IP interface(s).
Chapter 7 Basic Setting 75
ES-4024A User’s Guide
7.7.1 IP Interfaces
The switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP
address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
On the switch, as a layer-3 device, an IP address is not bound to any physical ports. Since each
IP address on the switch must be in a separate subnet, the configured IP address is also known
as IP interface (or routing domain). In addition, this allows routing between subnets based on
the IP address without additional routers.
You can configure multiple routing domains on the same VLAN as long as the IP address
ranges for the domains do not overlap. To change the IP address of the switch in a routing
domain, simply add a new routing domain entry with a different IP address in the same subnet.
Figure 32 IP Setup
The following table describes the labels in thes screen.
Tabl e 11 IP Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Default
Gateway
Domain
Name Server
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
IP Address Enter the IP address of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example 192.168.1.1.
76 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.1.254.
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to
use a domain name instead of an IP address.
This is the IP address of the switch in an IP routing domain.
Tabl e 11 IP Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ES-4024A User’s Guide
IP Subnet
Mask
VID Enter the VLAN identification number to which an IP routing domain belongs.
Add Click Add to save the new rule to the switch. It then displays in the summary table at the
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Index This field displays the index number of an entry.
IP Address This field displays IP address of the switch in the IP domain.
Subnet Mask This field displays the subnet mask of the switch in the IP domain.
VID This field displays the VLAN identification number of the IP domain on the switch.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
7.8 Port Setup
Click Basic Setting and then Port Setup in the navigation panel to enter the port
configuration screen.
Enter the IP subnet mask of an IP routing domain in dotted decimal notation. For
example, 255.255.255.0.
bottom of the screen.
Note: Deleting all IP domains locks you out from the switch.
Figure 33 Port Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 7 Basic Setting 77
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Table 12 Port Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This is the port index number.
Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A
Name Enter a descriptive name that identifies this port.
Type This field displays 10/100M for an Ethernet connection and 1000M for the mini-GBIC
Speed/Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the Ethernet connection on this port.
Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer
802.1P Priority This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.
ports.
For Ethernet ports, select Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half
Duplex, 100M/Full Duplex or 1000M/Full Duplex.
For Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports (25 and 26), select Auto, 100M/Full Duplex or
1000M/Full Duplex.
For stacking ports (S1 and S2), select Auto or 1000M/Full Duplex.
Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port
automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends support.
When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the switch negotiates with the peer
automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer port
does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the switch determines the
connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode.
When the switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the pre-configured speed
and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the
settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.
memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate
transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.
The ES-4024A uses IEEE802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and backpressure
flow control in half duplex mode.
IEEE802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the
sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port
memory buffers fill.
Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision"
signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending
port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to
enable it.
See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 10 on page 74 for more information.
78 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
CHAPTER 8
The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup
screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs.
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were
created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The
VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches
need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an
untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the
type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts
after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
ES-4024A User’s Guide
VLAN
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet
switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not
be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID,
giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 (212) VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN
ID are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a
priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the
ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to
identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 bits
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames
Each port on the switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's
default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
A broadcast frame (or a multicast frame for a multicast group that is known by the system) is
duplicated only on ports that are members of the VID (except the ingress port itself), thus
confining the broadcast to a specific domain.
Chapter 8 VLAN 79
ES-4024A User’s Guide
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration
GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across
switches.
8.2.1 GARP
GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and deregister attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a
protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific
application, for example, GVRP.
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers
Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.
8.2.2 GVRP
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for
switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this
function to permit VLANs groups beyond the local switch.
Please refer to the following table for common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology.
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology
VLAN PARAMETER TE RM DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.
VLAN Administrative
Control
VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing
Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/
deregistration process.
Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.
Registration
Forbidden
Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.
Untagged Ports belonging to the specified don't tag all outgoing
Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the
specified VLAN.
frames transmitted.
frames transmitted.
80 Chapter 8 VLAN
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology (continued)
VLAN PARAMETER TER M DESCRIPTION
VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that
Acceptable frame
type
Ingress filtering If set, the switch discards incoming frames for VLANs
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking
Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to
pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices
without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.
Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2 (V1 and V2)
on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN groups 1 and 2 on
all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with unknown VLAN
group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch
you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically
allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those
switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).
ES-4024A User’s Guide
this port received.
You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged
incoming frames or just tagged incoming frames on a
port.
that do not have this port as a member
Figure 34 Port VLAN Trunking
8.4 Select the VLAN Type
1 Select a VLAN type in the Switch Setup screen.
Chapter 8 VLAN 81
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Figure 35 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type
8.5 Static VLAN
Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be
• sent to a VLAN group as normal depends on its VLAN tag.
• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.
• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.
You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the
specified VID.
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status
Click Advanced Application, VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status
screen as shown next.
Figure 36 VLAN: VLAN Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
82 Chapter 8 VLAN
Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ES-4024A User’s Guide
The Number of
VLAN
Index This is the VLAN index number.
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the VLAN Setup
Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamically using GVRP or
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
Stop Click Stop to halt polling statistics.
Change Pages Click Previous Page or Next Page to show the previous/next screen if all status
This is the number of VLANs configured on the switch.
screen.
marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN
are marked as “–“.
VLAN was set up.
statically, that is, added as a permanent entry.
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
information cannot be seen in one screen.
8.5.2 Configure a Static VLAN
To configure a static VLAN, click Static VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the
screen as shown next.
Chapter 8 VLAN 83
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Figure 37 VLAN: Static VLAN
The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 15 VLAN: Static VLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings.
Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes.
VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this static entry; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.
Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.
Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is
Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames transmitted with
Add Click Add to add the settings as a new entry in the summary table below.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the
Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.
the default selection.
Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group.
Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.
this VLAN Group ID.
VLAN settings.
84 Chapter 8 VLAN
Table 15 VLAN: Static VLAN (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
8.5.3 Configure VLAN Port Settings
To configure the VLAN settings on a port, click the VLAN Port Setting link in the VLAN
Status screen.
Figure 38 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting
ES-4024A User’s Guide
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a
way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the
network.
Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local switch.
Port Isolation Port Isolation allows each port (1 to 26) to communicate only with the CPU
Port This field displays the port number.
Ingress Check Select this check box to activate ingress filtering.
Chapter 8 VLAN 85
management port but not communicate with each other. All incoming ports are
selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most
limiting but also the most secure.
Clear this check box to disable ingress filtering.
ES-4024A User’s Guide
Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
PVID Enter a number between 1and 4094 as the port VLAN ID.
GVRP Select this check box to allow GVRP on this port.
Acceptable Frame
Type
VLAN Trunking Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not
Apply Click Apply to save the changes
Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.
Specify the type of frames allowed on a port. Choices are All, Tag Only and Untag
Only.
Select All from the drop-down list box to accept all untagged or tagged frames on
this port. This is the default setting.
Select Tag Only to accept only tagged frames on this port. All untagged frames will
be dropped.
Select Untag Only to accept only untagged frames on this port. All tagged frames
will be dropped.
ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through the switch.
8.6 Port-based VLANs
Port-based VLANs are VLANs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the
destination MAC address and its associated port.
Port-based VLANs require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if
you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference
rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port
through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.
Port-based VLANs are specific only to the switch on which they were created.
Note: When you activate port-based VLAN, the ES-4024A uses a default VLAN ID of
1. You cannot change it.
In screens (such as IP Setup and Filtering) that require a VID, you must enter
1 as the VID.
The port-based VLAN setup screen is shown next. The CPU management port forms a VLAN
with all Ethernet ports.
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN
Select Port Based as the VLAN Type in the Switch Setup screen (see Figure 35 on page 82)
and then click VLAN from the navigation panel to display the next screen.
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Figure 39 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected)
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Chapter 8 VLAN 87
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Figure 40 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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Table 17 Port Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Setting Wizard Choose All connected or Port isolation.
All connected means all ports can communicate with each other, that is, there are no
virtual LANs. All incoming and outgoing ports are selected. This option is the most
flexible but also the least secure.
Port isolation means that each port can only communicate with the CPU
management port and cannot communicate with each other. All incoming ports are
selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most limiting
but also the most secure.
After you make your selection, click Apply (top right of screen) to display the screens
as mentioned above. You can still customize these settings by adding/deleting
incoming or outgoing ports, but you must also click Apply at the bottom of the screen.
Incoming These are the ingress ports; an ingress port is an incoming port, that is, a port through
which a data packet enters. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the ingress port for both ports. The numbers in the top row
denote the incoming port for the corresponding port listed on the left (its outgoing port).
CPU refers to the switch management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all
Ethernet ports. If it does not form a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot
be managed from that port.
Outgoing These are the egress ports; an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port through
which a data packet leaves. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the egress port for both ports. CPU refers to the switch
management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all Ethernet ports. If it does not form
a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot be managed from that port.
Apply Click Apply to save the changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.
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90 Chapter 8 VLAN
Use these screens to configure static MAC address forwarding.
9.1 Overview
A static MAC address is an address that has been manually entered in the MAC address table.
Static MAC addresses do not age out. When you set up static MAC address rules, you are
setting static MAC addresses for a port. This may reduce the need for broadcasting.
Static MAC address forwarding together with port security allow only computers in the MAC
address table on a port to access the switch. See Chapter 17 on page 115 for more information
on port security.
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CHAPTER 9
Static MAC Forwarding
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding
Click Advanced Applications, Static MAC Forwarding in the navigation panel to display
the configuration screen as shown.
Figure 41 Static MAC Forwarding
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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Table 18 Static MAC Forwarding
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a rule
Name Enter a descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC address
MAC Address Enter the MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal
VID Enter the VLAN identification number.
Port Select a port where the MAC address entered in the previous field will be
Add After you set the fields above, click Add to insert a new rule.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Clear Click Clear to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Index Click an index number to modify a static MAC address rule for a port.
Active This field displays whether this static MAC address forwarding rule is active (Yes) or
Name This field displays the descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC
MAC Address This field displays the MAC address that will be forwarded and the VLAN identification
Port This field displays the port where the MAC address shown in the next field will be
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
without deleting it by clearing this check box.
forwarding rule.
character pairs.
Note: Static MAC addresses do not age out.
automatically forwarded.
not (No). You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it.
address-forwarding rule.
number to which the MAC address belongs.
forwarded.
92 Chapter 9 Static MAC Forwarding
This chapter discusses static IP and MAC address port filtering.
10.1 Overview
Port filtering means discarding (or dropping) traffic flow based on the source and/or
destination IP and/or MAC addresses and VLAN group.
You must first configure rules to classify traffic flows in the Classifier screen.
10.2 Configure a Filtering Rule
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CHAPTER 10
Filtering
Activate filtering on a specified traffic flow in the Filtering screen. Click Advanced
Application and Filtering in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown next.
Figure 42 Filtering
The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 19 Filtering
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Make sure to select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a
rule without deleting it by deselecting this check box.
Name This read-only field displays the name of the classifier you select in the Classifier field.
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Table 19 Filtering (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Classifier A classifier groups traffic flow based on the specified criteria. This field displays the
Add Click Add to inset the entry to the summary table below.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Clear Click Clear to set the above fields back to the factory defaults.
Index This field displays the index number of a rule. Click this number to edit the rule settings.
Active This field indicates whether the rule is enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).
Name This field displays the descriptive name of the rule.
Classifier This field displays the name of the classifier to which this rule applies.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
name(s) of the classifier(s) you configure in the Classifier screen.
Select a classifier (or traffic flow) to which the rule is to apply.
94 Chapter 10 Filtering
Spanning Tree Protocol
This chapter introduces the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP).
11.1 Overview
STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches, bridges or
routers. It allows a switch to interact with other STP-compliant switches in your network to
ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network.
11.1.1 STP Terminology
The root bridge is the base of the spanning tree; it is the bridge with the lowest identifier value
(MAC address).
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Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame onto a LAN through that port. It is assigned
according to the speed of the link to which a port is attached. The slower the media, the higher
the cost.
Table 20 STP Path Costs
LINK SPEED RECOMMENDED VALUE
Path Cost 4Mbps 250 100 to 1000 1 to 65535
Path Cost 10Mbps 100 50 to 600 1 to 65535
Path Cost 16Mbps 62 40 to 400 1 to 65535
Path Cost 100Mbps 19 10 to 60 1 to 65535
Path Cost 1Gbps 4 3 to 10 1 to 65535
Path Cost 10Gbps 2 1 to 5 1 to 65535
On each bridge, the root port is the port through which this bridge communicates with the root.
It is the port on this switch with the lowest path cost to the root (the root path cost). If there is
no root port, then this switch has been accepted as the root bridge of the spanning tree
network.
For each LAN segment, a designated bridge is selected. This bridge has the lowest cost to the
root among the bridges connected to the LAN.
RECOMMENDED
RANGE
ALLOWED RANGE
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11.1.2 How STP Works
After a bridge determines the lowest cost-spanning tree with STP, it enables the root port and
the ports that are the designated ports for connected LANs, and disables all other ports that
participate in STP. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between enabled ports,
eliminating any possible network loops.
STP-aware switches exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) periodically. When the
bridged LAN topology changes, a new spanning tree is constructed.
Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs
(Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the root bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello
BPDU after a predefined interval (Max Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the root
bridge is down. This bridge then initiates negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the
network to re-establish a valid network topology.
11.1.3 STP Port States
STP assigns five port states to eliminate packet looping. A bridge port is not allowed to go
directly from blocking state to forwarding state so as to eliminate transient loops.
Table 21 STP Port States
PORT STATE DESCRIPTION
Disabled STP is disabled (default).
Blocking Only configuration and management BPDUs are received and processed.
Listening All BPDUs are received and processed.
Learning All BPDUs are received and processed. Information frames are submitted to the
Forwarding All BPDUs are received and processed. All information frames are received and
11.2 STP Status
Click Advanced Application, Spanning Tree Protocol in the navigation panel to display the
status screen as shown next.
learning process but not forwarded.
forwarded.
96 Chapter 11 Spanning Tree Protocol
Figure 43 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 22 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Configuration Click Configuration to configure STP settings. Refer to Section 11.3 on page 98.
Bridge Root refers to the base of the spanning tree (the root bridge). Our Bridge is this
Bridge ID This is the unique identifier for this bridge, consisting of bridge priority plus MAC
Hello Time
(second)
Max Age (second) This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch can wait without receiving a
Forwarding Delay
(second)
Cost to Bridge This is the path cost from the root port on this switch to the root switch.
Port ID This is the priority and number of the port on the switch through which this switch
Topology Changed
Times
Time Since Last
Change
This field displays Running if STP is activated. Otherwise, it displays Down.
switch. This switch may also be the root bridge.
address. This ID is the same for Root and Our Bridge if the switch is the root
switch.
This is the time interval (in seconds) at which the root switch transmits a
configuration message. The root bridge determines Hello Time, Max Age and
Forwarding Delay
configuration message before attempting to reconfigure.
This is the time (in seconds) the root switch will wait before changing states (that
is, listening to learning to forwarding).
must communicate with the root of the Spanning Tree.
This is the number of times the spanning tree has been reconfigured.
This is the time since the spanning tree was last reconfigured.
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Table 22 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may
change the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then
clicking Set Interval.
Stop Click Stop to halt STP statistic polling.
11.3 Configure STP
To configure STP, click the Configuration link in the Spanning Tree Protocol screen as
shown next.
Figure 44 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 23 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Status Click Status to display the Spanning Tree Protocol Status screen (see Figure 43
Active Select this check box to activate STP. Clear this checkbox to disable STP.
98 Chapter 11 Spanning Tree Protocol
on page 97).
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Table 23 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Bridge Priority Bridge priority is used in determining the root switch, root port and designated port.
The switch with the highest priority (lowest numeric value) becomes the STP root
switch. If all switches have the same priority, the switch with the lowest MAC
address will then become the root switch. Select a value from the drop-down list
box.
The lower the numeric value you assign, the higher the priority for this bridge.
Bridge Priority determines the root bridge, which in turn determines Hello Time,
Max Age and Forwarding Delay.
Hello Time This is the time interval in seconds between BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units)
Max Age This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch can wait without receiving a BPDU
Forwarding Delay This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch will wait before changing states.
configuration message generations by the root switch. The allowed range is 1 to 10
seconds.
before attempting to reconfigure. All switch ports (except for designated ports)
should receive BPDUs at regular intervals. Any port that ages out STP information
(provided in the last BPDU) becomes the designated port for the attached LAN. If it
is a root port, a new root port is selected from among the switch ports attached to
the network. The allowed range is 6 to 40 seconds.
This delay is required because every switch must receive information about
topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs
time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a blocking state;
otherwise, temporary data loops might result. The allowed range is 4 to 30
seconds.
As a general rule:
Note: 2 * (Forward Delay - 1) >= Max Age >= 2 * (Hello Time + 1)
Port This field displays the port number.
Active Select this check box to activate STP on this port.
Priority Configure the priority for each port here.
Priority decides which port should be disabled when more than one port forms a
loop in a switch. Ports with a higher priority numeric value are disabled first. The
allowed range is between 0 and 255 and the default value is 128.
Path Cost Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame on to a LAN through that port. It is
assigned according to the speed of the bridge. The slower the media, the higher
the cost - see Table 20 on page 95 for more information.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the switch.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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