Page 1
ES-3148
Intelligent Layer 2+ Switch
User’s Guide
3.60
12/2005
Edition 2
Page 2
Page 3
ES-3148 User’s Guide
Copyright
Copyright © 2005 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a
retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software
described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others.
ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This
publication is subject to change without notice.
Copyright 1
Page 4
ES-3148 User’s Guide
Certifications
FCC Statement
This switch complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1 This switch may not cause harmful interference.
2 This switch must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operations.
FCC Warning
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital switch, pursuant
to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause
harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
CE Mark Warning:
This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which
case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
Taiwanese BSMI (Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection) A Warning:
Notice 1
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the
user's authority to operate the equipment.
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
Certifications
1 Go to www.zyxel.com.
2 Select your product from the drop-down list box on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's
page.
3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page.
2 Certifications
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ES-3148 User’s Guide
Safety Warnings
For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• To reduce the risk of fire, use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger telecommunication
line cord.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high
voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel can service the device. Please contact
your vendor for further information.
• Use ONLY the dedicated power supply for your device. Connect the power cord or power adaptor to
the right supply voltage (110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT use the device if the power supply is damaged as it might cause electrocution.
• If the power supply is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power supply. Contact your local vendor to order a new power supply.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them. Do NOT
allow anything to rest on the power cord and do NOT locate the product where anyone can walk on
the power cord.
• If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical, gas or water pipes will be damaged.
• Do NOT install nor use your device during a thunderstorm. There may be a remote risk of electric
shock from lightning.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
Certifications 3
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ES-3148 User’s Guide
ZyXEL Limited Warranty
ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials
or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and
upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or
materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without
charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or
components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured
functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL.
This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act
of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This
warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of
merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for
indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material
Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit
be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated
warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts
and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address,
Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary
from country to country.
Registration
Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at
www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
4 ZyXEL Limited Warranty
Page 7
Customer Support
Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support.
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
ES-3148 User’s Guide
METHOD
LOCATION
CORPORATE
HEADQUARTERS
(WORLDWIDE)
CZECH REPUBLIC
DENMARK
FINLAND
FRANCE
GERMANY
HUNGARY
KAZAKHSTAN
NORTH AMERICA
NORWAY
SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE* WEB SITE
SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE
support@zyxel.com.tw +886-3-578-3942 www.zyxel.com
www.europe.zyxel.com
sales@zyxel.com.tw +886-3-578-2439 ftp.zyxel.com
ftp.europe.zyxel.com
info@cz.zyxel.com +420-241-091-350 www.zyxel.cz ZyXEL Communications
info@cz.zyxel.com +420-241-091-359
support@zyxel.dk +45-39-55-07-00 www.zyxel.dk ZyXEL Communications A/S
sales@zyxel.dk +45-39-55-07-07
support@zyxel.fi +358-9-4780-8411 www.zyxel.fi ZyXEL Communications Oy
sales@zyxel.fi +358-9-4780 8448
info@zyxel.fr +33-4-72-52-97-97 www.zyxel.fr ZyXEL France
+33-4-72-52-19-20
support@zyxel.de +49-2405-6909-0 www.zyxel.de ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH.
sales@zyxel.de +49-2405-6909-99
support@zyxel.hu +36-1-3361649 www.zyxel.hu ZyXEL Hungary
info@zyxel.hu +36-1-3259100
http://zyxel.kz/support +7-3272-590-698 www.zyxel.kz ZyXEL Kazakhstan
sales@zyxel.kz +7-3272-590-689
support@zyxel.com 1-800-255-4101
+1-714-632-0882
sales@zyxel.com +1-714-632-0858 ftp.us.zyxel.com
support@zyxel.no +47-22-80-61-80 www.zyxel.no ZyXEL Communications A/S
sales@zyxel.no +47-22-80-61-81
www.us.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications Inc.
REGULAR MAIL
ZyXEL Communications Corp.
6 Innovation Road II
Science Park
Hsinchu 300
Ta iw a n
Czech s.r.o.
Modranská 621
143 01 Praha 4 - Modrany
Ceská Republika
Columbusvej
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Denmark
Malminkaari 10
00700 Helsinki
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1 rue des Vergers
Bat. 1 / C
69760 Limonest
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Wuerselen
Germany
48, Zoldlomb Str.
H-1025, Budapest
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43, Dostyk ave.,Office 414
Dostyk Business Centre
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0667 Oslo
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Customer Support 5
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ES-3148 User’s Guide
METHOD
LOCATION
POLAND
RUSSIA
SPAIN
SWEDEN
UKRAINE
UNITED KINGDOM
* “+” is the (prefix) number you enter to make an international telephone call.
SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE* WEB SITE
SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE
info@pl.zyxel.com +48 (22) 333 8250 www.pl.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications
+48 (22) 333 8251
http://zyxel.ru/support +7-095-542-89-29 www.zyxel.ru ZyXEL Russia
sales@zyxel.ru +7-095-542-89-25
support@zyxel.es +34-902-195-420 www.zyxel.es ZyXEL Communications
sales@zyxel.es +34-913-005-345
support@zyxel.se +46-31-744-7700 www.zyxel.se ZyXEL Communications A/S
sales@zyxel.se +46-31-744-7701
support@ua.zyxel.com +380-44-247-69-78 www.ua.zyxel.com ZyXEL Ukraine
sales@ua.zyxel.com +380-44-494-49-32
support@zyxel.co.uk +44-1344 303044
08707 555779 (UK only)
sales@zyxel.co.uk +44-1344 303034 ftp.zyxel.co.uk
REGULAR MAIL
ul. Okrzei 1A
03-715 Warszawa
Poland
Ostrovityanova 37a Str.
Moscow, 117279
Russia
Arte, 21 5ª planta
28033 Madrid
Spain
Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg
Sweden
13, Pimonenko Str.
Kiev, 04050
Ukraine
www.zyxel.co.uk ZyXEL Communications UK
Ltd.,11 The Courtyard,
Eastern Road, Bracknell,
Berkshire, RG12 2XB,
United Kingdom (UK)
6 Customer Support
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ES-3148 User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Copyright ..................................................................................................................1
Certifications ............................................................................................................2
ZyXEL Limited Warranty.......................................................................................... 4
Customer Support.................................................................................................... 5
Preface ....................................................................................................................25
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch................................................................................ 27
1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................27
1.2 Software Features ..............................................................................................27
1.3 Hardware Features ............................................................................................30
1.4 Applications ........................................................................................................31
1.4.1 Backbone Application ...............................................................................31
1.4.2 Bridging Example ......................................................................................32
1.4.3 High Performance Switched Example ......................................................32
1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples ...............................................33
1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example ..............................................................33
1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example ........................................................34
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection................................................................. 35
2.1 Freestanding Installation ...................................................................................35
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .........................................................................36
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements .................................................36
2.2.1.1 Precautions ....................................................................................36
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch ........................................36
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ................................................................37
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview................................................................................................ 39
3.1 Panel Connections ............................................................................................39
3.1.1 Console Port ............................................................................................40
3.1.2 Ethernet Ports ...........................................................................................40
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3.2 Panel LEDs ....................................................................................................43
Chapter 4
The Web Configurator............................................................................................ 45
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................45
4.2 System Login ..................................................................................................45
4.3 The Status Screen .........................................................................................46
4.4 Switch Lockout .................................................................................................50
4.5 Resetting the Switch .......................................................................................51
4.6 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ...............................................................53
4.7 Help ..................................................................................................................53
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings ................................................................40
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots .......................................................................................41
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation ................................................................41
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal ...................................................................42
3.1.4 Power Connector ......................................................................................42
3.1.5 External Backup Power Supply Connector ...............................................42
4.3.1 Change Your Password .........................................................................50
4.5.1 Reload the Configuration File .................................................................51
4.5.2 Reset to the Factory Defaults ...................................................................52
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example ............................................................................................. 55
5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................55
5.1.1 Creating a VLAN .......................................................................................55
5.1.2 Setting Port VID ........................................................................................57
5.1.3 Configuring Switch Management IP Address ...........................................58
Chapter 6
System Status and Port Statistics ........................................................................ 59
6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................59
6.2 Port Status Summary .....................................................................................59
6.2.1 Status: Port Details ..............................................................................61
Chapter 7
Basic Setting ......................................................................................................... 65
7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................65
7.2 System Information ........................................................................................65
7.3 General Setup ...............................................................................................67
7.4 Introduction to VLANs ......................................................................................69
7.5 Switch Setup Screen .......................................................................................70
7.6 IP Setup ..........................................................................................................71
7.6.1 Management IP Addresses ......................................................................72
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7.7 Port Setup .......................................................................................................74
Chapter 8
VLAN ....................................................................................................................... 77
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN ....................................................77
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames .............................................77
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration ...........................................................................78
8.2.1 GARP .......................................................................................................78
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers .................................................................................78
8.2.2 GVRP ........................................................................................................78
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking .........................................................................................79
8.4 Select the VLAN Type .......................................................................................79
8.5 Static VLAN ........................................................................................................80
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status ...................................................................................80
8.5.2 Configure a Static VLAN .......................................................................81
8.5.3 Configure VLAN Port Settings ..............................................................83
8.6 Port-based VLAN Setup ................................................................................85
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN ..................................................................86
Chapter 9
Static MAC Forwarding.......................................................................................... 89
9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................89
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ..............................................................89
Chapter 10
Filtering ................................................................................................................... 91
10.1 Introduction to Filtering .....................................................................................91
10.2 Configure a Filtering Rule .............................................................................91
Chapter 11
Spanning Tree Protocol......................................................................................... 93
11.1 STP/RSTP Overview ........................................................................................93
11.1.1 STP Terminology ....................................................................................93
11.1.2 How STP Works .....................................................................................94
11.1.3 STP Port States .....................................................................................94
11.2 STP Status .................................................................................................94
11.3 Configure STP ...............................................................................................96
Chapter 12
Bandwidth Control ................................................................................................. 99
12.1 Bandwidth Control Overview ............................................................................99
12.1.1 CIR and PIR ............................................................................................99
12.2 Bandwidth Control Setup ................................................................................99
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Chapter 13
Broadcast Storm Control..................................................................................... 103
13.1 Overview ........................................................................................................103
13.2 Broadcast Storm Control Setup .....................................................................103
Chapter 14
Mirroring ............................................................................................................... 107
14.1 Introduction to Port Mirroring ..........................................................................107
14.2 Port Mirroring Setup .......................................................................................107
Chapter 15
Link Aggregation...................................................................................................111
15.1 Introduction to Link Aggregation .................................................................... 111
15.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation ........................................................................... 111
15.3 Link Aggregation Status ................................................................................112
15.4 Link Aggregation Setup ................................................................................. 113
15.2.1 Link Aggregation ID .............................................................................112
Chapter 16
Port Authentication.............................................................................................. 117
16.1 Introduction to Authentication ......................................................................... 117
16.1.1 RADIUS ............................................................................................... 117
16.2 Port Authentication Configuration ..................................................................117
16.2.1 Configuring RADIUS Server Settings ................................................. 118
16.2.2 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security ............................................................ 118
Chapter 17
Port Security......................................................................................................... 121
17.1 About Port Security ........................................................................................121
17.2 Port Security Setup ........................................................................................121
Chapter 18
Access Control..................................................................................................... 125
18.1 Overview ......................................................................................................125
18.2 The Access Control Main Screen ...................................................................125
18.3 About SNMP .................................................................................................126
18.3.1 Supported MIBs ..................................................................................127
18.3.2 SNMP Traps .......................................................................................127
18.3.3 Configuring SNMP ...............................................................................127
18.3.4 Setting Up Login Accounts .................................................................128
18.4 SSH Overview ................................................................................................130
18.5 How SSH works .............................................................................................130
18.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch ................................................................131
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18.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH ................................................................131
18.7 Introduction to HTTPS ....................................................................................131
18.8 HTTPS Example ............................................................................................132
18.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ...................................................132
18.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages ...............................................133
18.8.3 The Main Screen ..................................................................................134
18.9 Service Port Access Control ........................................................................135
18.10 Remote Management .................................................................................136
Chapter 19
Queuing Method................................................................................................... 139
19.1 Introduction to Queuing ..................................................................................139
19.1.1 Strictly Priority .......................................................................................139
19.1.2 Weighted Fair Scheduling .....................................................................139
19.2 Configuring Queuing .....................................................................................140
Chapter 20
Classifier ............................................................................................................... 143
20.1 About the Classifier and QoS .........................................................................143
20.2 Configuring the Classifier ...............................................................................143
20.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration .................................................146
20.4 Classifier Example .........................................................................................147
Chapter 21
Policy Rule............................................................................................................ 149
21.1 About Policy Rules .........................................................................................149
21.1.1 DiffServ .................................................................................................149
21.1.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ...............................................................149
21.2 Configuring Policy Rules ................................................................................150
21.3 Viewing and Editing Policy Configuration .......................................................152
21.4 Policy Example ...............................................................................................153
Chapter 22
VLAN Stacking...................................................................................................... 155
22.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................155
22.1.1 VLAN Stacking Example .......................................................................155
22.2 VLAN Stacking Port Roles .............................................................................156
22.3 VLAN Tag Format ...........................................................................................156
22.3.1 Frame Format .......................................................................................157
22.4 Configuring VLAN Stacking ............................................................................158
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Chapter 23
Multicast................................................................................................................ 161
23.1 Overview ........................................................................................................161
23.2 Multicast Status ..............................................................................................162
23.3 Multicast Setup ..............................................................................................162
23.4 IGMP Filtering Profile ....................................................................................164
23.5 MVR Overview ...............................................................................................166
23.6 General MVR Configuration ..........................................................................167
23.7 MVR Group Configuration .............................................................................169
23.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses .........................................................................161
23.1.2 IGMP Filtering .......................................................................................161
23.1.3 IGMP Snooping ...................................................................................161
23.5.1 Types of MVR Ports ..............................................................................166
23.5.2 MVR Modes ..........................................................................................166
23.5.3 How MVR Works ..................................................................................167
23.7.1 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................171
Chapter 24
DHCP Relay .......................................................................................................... 175
24.1 DHCP Relay Overview ...................................................................................175
24.1.1 DHCP Relay Agent Information ............................................................175
24.2 DHCP Relay Configuration ............................................................................175
Chapter 25
Static Route .......................................................................................................... 177
25.1 Configuring ...................................................................................................177
Chapter 26
Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 179
26.1 The Maintenance Screen ...............................................................................179
26.2 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................179
26.3 Restore a Configuration File .........................................................................180
26.4 Backing Up a Configuration File ....................................................................180
26.5 Load Factory Defaults ...................................................................................181
26.6 Reboot System ...............................................................................................181
26.7 FTP Command Line .......................................................................................182
26.7.1 Filename Conventions .........................................................................182
26.7.1.1 Example FTP Commands ...........................................................183
26.7.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ...........................................................183
26.7.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .........................................................................184
26.7.4 FTP Restrictions ..................................................................................184
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Chapter 27
Diagnostic............................................................................................................. 185
27.1 Diagnostic .....................................................................................................185
Chapter 28
Cluster Management............................................................................................ 187
28.1 Overview ........................................................................................................187
28.2 Cluster Management Status ..........................................................................188
28.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ..................................................189
28.2.1.1 Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch .....................189
28.3 Configuring Cluster Management .................................................................190
Chapter 29
MAC Table............................................................................................................. 193
29.1 Overview ........................................................................................................193
29.2 Viewing the MAC Table .................................................................................194
Chapter 30
ARP Table.............................................................................................................. 195
30.1 Overview ........................................................................................................195
30.1.1 How ARP Works ...................................................................................195
30.2 Viewing the ARP Table ..................................................................................195
Chapter 31
Introducing the Commands .............................................................................. 197
31.1 Overview ........................................................................................................197
31.1.1 Switch Configuration File ......................................................................197
31.2 Accessing the CLI ..........................................................................................197
31.2.1 Access Priority .....................................................................................198
31.2.2 The Console Port ..................................................................................198
31.2.2.1 Initial Screen ...............................................................................198
31.2.3 Telnet ...................................................................................................198
31.3 The Login Screen ..........................................................................................199
31.4 Command Syntax Conventions ......................................................................199
31.5 Getting Help ...................................................................................................200
31.5.1 List of Available Commands .................................................................200
31.5.2 Detailed Command Information ............................................................201
31.6 Command Modes ...........................................................................................201
31.7 Using Command History ................................................................................202
31.8 Saving Your Configuration ..............................................................................202
31.8.1 Logging Out ..........................................................................................203
31.9 Command Summary ......................................................................................203
31.9.1 User Mode ............................................................................................203
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Chapter 32
Command Examples........................................................................................... 225
32.1 Overview ........................................................................................................225
32.2 show Commands ...........................................................................................225
32.3 ping ...............................................................................................................228
32.4 traceroute .......................................................................................................229
32.5 Enabling RSTP ...............................................................................................229
32.6 Configuration File Maintenance ....................................................................230
32.7 no Command Examples .................................................................................231
32.8 interface Commands ......................................................................................234
31.9.2 Enable Mode .........................................................................................204
31.9.3 General Configuration Mode .................................................................208
31.9.4 interface port-channel Commands ........................................................218
31.9.5 config-vlan Commands .........................................................................221
31.9.6 mvr Commands ....................................................................................223
32.2.1 show system-information .....................................................................225
32.2.2 show ip ..................................................................................................226
32.2.3 show logging ........................................................................................226
32.2.4 show interface ......................................................................................227
32.2.5 show mac address-table ......................................................................227
32.6.1 Using a Different Configuration File ......................................................230
32.6.2 Resetting to the Factory Default ...........................................................230
32.7.1 no mirror-port .......................................................................................231
32.7.2 no https timeout ....................................................................................231
32.7.3 no trunk .................................................................................................232
32.7.4 no port-access-authenticator ................................................................232
32.7.5 no ssh ...................................................................................................233
32.8.1 interface port-channel ..........................................................................234
32.8.2 bpdu-control .........................................................................................234
32.8.3 broadcast-limit .....................................................................................235
32.8.4 bandwidth-limit .....................................................................................236
32.8.5 mirror ...................................................................................................236
32.8.6 gvrp ......................................................................................................237
32.8.7 ingress-check .......................................................................................238
32.8.8 frame-type ............................................................................................238
32.8.9 weight ..................................................................................................239
32.8.10 egress set ..........................................................................................239
32.8.11 qos priority ..........................................................................................240
32.8.12 name ...................................................................................................240
32.8.13 speed-duplex ......................................................................................241
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Chapter 33
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ............................................................. 243
33.1 IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Overview ...........................................................243
33.2 VLAN Databases ............................................................................................243
33.2.1 Static Entries (SVLAN Table) ................................................................243
33.2.2 Dynamic Entries (DVLAN Table) ...........................................................244
33.3 Configuring Tagged VLAN ..............................................................................244
33.4 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands .............................245
33.4.1 GARP Status .........................................................................................245
33.4.2 GARP Timer ........................................................................................245
33.4.3 GVRP Timer .........................................................................................246
33.4.4 Enable GVRP .......................................................................................246
33.4.5 Disable GVRP .......................................................................................247
33.5 Port VLAN Commands ...................................................................................247
33.5.1 Set Port VID .........................................................................................247
33.5.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type .................................................................247
33.5.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP ...............................................................248
33.5.4 Modify Static VLAN ..............................................................................248
33.5.4.1 Modify a Static VLAN Table Example ..........................................249
33.5.4.2 Forwarding Process Example .....................................................249
33.5.5 Delete VLAN ID ....................................................................................249
33.6 Enable VLAN .................................................................................................250
33.7 Disable VLAN .................................................................................................250
33.8 Show VLAN Setting .......................................................................................250
Chapter 34
Troubleshooting ................................................................................................... 253
34.1 Problems Starting Up the Switch ....................................................................253
34.2 Problems Accessing the Switch .....................................................................253
34.2.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ..........................254
34.2.1.1 Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers ..............................................254
34.2.1.2 JavaScripts ..................................................................................257
34.2.1.3 Java Permissions ........................................................................259
34.3 Problems with the Password ..........................................................................261
Appendix A
Product Specifications ........................................................................................ 263
Appendix B
IP Subnetting ........................................................................................................ 267
Index...................................................................................................................... 275
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List of Figures
Figure 1 Backbone Application .......................................................................................... 32
Figure 2 Bridging Application ............................................................................................ 32
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Application .............................................................. 33
Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application ............................................................................... 34
Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example .................................................................. 34
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet ......................................................................................... 35
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets ......................................................................... 36
Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .......................................................................... 37
Figure 9 Front Panel .........................................................................................................39
Figure 10 Rear Panel ........................................................................................................ 39
Figure 11 Transceiver Installation Example ....................................................................... 41
Figure 12 Installed Transceiver ......................................................................................... 42
Figure 13 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ........................................................ 42
Figure 14 Transceiver Removal Example .......................................................................... 42
Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login .................................................................................... 46
Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .......................................................... 46
Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password .............................................................. 50
Figure 18 Example Xmodem Upload .................................................................................. 51
Figure 19 Reload the Configuration file: Via Console Port ................................................ 52
Figure 20 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port ....................................................... 53
Figure 21 Web Configurator: Logout Screen ..................................................................... 53
Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ................................................................ 55
Figure 23 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ........................................................... 57
Figure 24 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address ................................................ 58
Figure 25 Status ................................................................................................................. 60
Figure 26 Status: Port Details ............................................................................................ 62
Figure 27 System Info ........................................................................................................ 66
Figure 28 General Setup .................................................................................................... 68
Figure 29 Switch Setup ...................................................................................................... 70
Figure 30 IP Setup ............................................................................................................. 72
Figure 31 Port Setup ..........................................................................................................75
Figure 32 Port VLAN Trunking ........................................................................................... 79
Figure 33 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type ....................................................................... 80
Figure 34 VLAN: VLAN Status .......................................................................................... 80
Figure 35 VLAN: Static VLAN ........................................................................................... 82
Figure 36 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting .................................................................................. 84
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Figure 37 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) ........................................................... 86
Figure 38 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ............................................................ 87
Figure 39 Static MAC Forwarding ...................................................................................... 89
Figure 40 Filtering .............................................................................................................. 91
Figure 41 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status .......................................................................... 95
Figure 42 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration .............................................................. 97
Figure 43 Bandwidth Control .............................................................................................. 100
Figure 44 Broadcast Storm Control .................................................................................... 104
Figure 45 Mirroring ............................................................................................................. 108
Figure 46 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ......................................................... 112
Figure 47 Link Aggregation: Configuration ......................................................................... 114
Figure 48 RADIUS Server ................................................................................................. 117
Figure 49 Port Authentication ............................................................................................. 118
Figure 50 Port Authentication: RADIUS ............................................................................. 118
Figure 51 Port Authentication: 802.1x ................................................................................ 119
Figure 52 Port Security ...................................................................................................... 122
Figure 53 Console Port Priority .......................................................................................... 125
Figure 54 Access Control ................................................................................................... 125
Figure 55 SNMP Management Model ............................................................................... 126
Figure 56 Access Control: SNMP ...................................................................................... 128
Figure 57 Access Control: Logins ...................................................................................... 129
Figure 58 SSH Communication Example ............................................................................ 130
Figure 59 How SSH Works ................................................................................................. 130
Figure 60 HTTPS Implementation ....................................................................................... 132
Figure 61 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ...................................................... 133
Figure 62 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) ........................................................................ 133
Figure 63 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) ........................................................................ 134
Figure 64 Login Screen (Internet Explorer) ......................................................................... 134
Figure 65 Login Screen (Netscape) .................................................................................... 135
Figure 66 Access Control: Service Access Control ............................................................ 136
Figure 67 Access Control: Remote Management .............................................................. 137
Figure 68 Queuing Method ................................................................................................ 140
Figure 69 Classifier ............................................................................................................. 144
Figure 70 Classifier: Summary Table .................................................................................. 146
Figure 71 Classifier: Example ............................................................................................. 148
Figure 72 Policy .................................................................................................................. 150
Figure 73 Policy: Summary Table ....................................................................................... 152
Figure 74 Policy Example ................................................................................................... 154
Figure 75 VLAN Stacking Example .................................................................................... 156
Figure 76 VLAN Stacking ................................................................................................... 158
Figure 77 Multicast Setting .................................................................................................. 163
Figure 78 Multicast: IGMP Filtering Profile ......................................................................... 165
Figure 79 MVR Network Example ...................................................................................... 166
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Figure 80 MVR Multicast Television Example .................................................................... 167
Figure 81 MVR ................................................................................................................... 168
Figure 82 MVR: Group Configuration ................................................................................. 170
Figure 83 MVR Configuration Example .............................................................................. 171
Figure 84 MVR Configuration Example .............................................................................. 172
Figure 85 MVR Group Configuration Example .................................................................. 173
Figure 86 MVR Group Configuration Example ................................................................... 173
Figure 87 DHCP Relay ........................................................................................................ 176
Figure 88 Static Routing ..................................................................................................... 177
Figure 89 Maintenance ...................................................................................................... 179
Figure 90 Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................................. 179
Figure 91 Restore Configuration ........................................................................................ 180
Figure 92 Backup Configuration ......................................................................................... 180
Figure 93 Load Factory Default: Conformation .................................................................. 181
Figure 94 Load Factory Default: Start ................................................................................ 181
Figure 95 Reboot System: Confirmation ............................................................................ 182
Figure 96 Reboot System: Start ......................................................................................... 182
Figure 97 Diagnostic ..........................................................................................................185
Figure 98 Clustering Application Example ......................................................................... 187
Figure 99 Cluster Management: Status .............................................................................. 188
Figure 100 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen .................. 189
Figure 101 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch ............................ 190
Figure 102 Clustering Management Configuration ........................................................... 191
Figure 103 MAC Table Flowchart ....................................................................................... 193
Figure 104 MAC Table ....................................................................................................... 194
Figure 105 ARP Table ........................................................................................................ 196
Figure 106 Initial Console Port Screen ............................................................................... 198
Figure 107 CLI: Login Screen ............................................................................................ 199
Figure 108 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 1 ......................................................... 200
Figure 109 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 2 ......................................................... 201
Figure 110 CLI Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 1 ..................................... 201
Figure 111 CLI: Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 2 .................................... 201
Figure 112 CLI: History Command Example ...................................................................... 202
Figure 113 CLI: write memory ............................................................................................ 203
Figure 114 show system-information Command Example ................................................. 225
Figure 115 show ip Command Example ............................................................................ 226
Figure 116 show logging Command Example ..................................................................... 226
Figure 117 show interface Command Example ................................................................. 227
Figure 118 show mac address-table Command Example .................................................. 228
Figure 119 ping Command Example .................................................................................. 229
Figure 120 traceroute Command Example ........................................................................ 229
Figure 121 Enable RSTP Command Example ................................................................... 230
Figure 122 CLI: boot config Command Example ............................................................... 230
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Figure 123 CLI: reload config Command Example ............................................................ 230
Figure 124 CLI: Reset to the Factory Default Example ...................................................... 231
Figure 125 no mirror-port Command Example ................................................................... 231
Figure 126 no https timeout Command Example ............................................................... 232
Figure 127 no trunk Command Example ........................................................................... 232
Figure 128 no port-access-authenticator Command Example ........................................... 233
Figure 129 no ssh Command Example .............................................................................. 234
Figure 130 interface Command Example ........................................................................... 234
Figure 131 interface bpdu-control Command Example ...................................................... 235
Figure 132 broadcast-limit Command Example ................................................................. 236
Figure 133 bandwidth-limit Command Example ................................................................ 236
Figure 134 mirror Command Example ............................................................................... 237
Figure 135 gvrp Command Example ................................................................................. 238
Figure 136 ingress-check Command Example .................................................................. 238
Figure 137 frame-type Command Example ....................................................................... 239
Figure 138 weight Command Example .............................................................................. 239
Figure 139 egress set Command Example ........................................................................ 240
Figure 140 qos priority Command Example ....................................................................... 240
Figure 141 name Command Example ............................................................................... 241
Figure 142 speed-duplex Command Example ................................................................... 241
Figure 143 Tagged VLAN Configuration and Activation Example ...................................... 244
Figure 144 CPU VLAN Configuration and Activation Example .......................................... 245
Figure 145 GARP STATUS Command Example ................................................................ 245
Figure 146 GARP Timer Command Example ..................................................................... 246
Figure 147 GVRP Status Command Example ................................................................... 246
Figure 148 vlan1q port default vid Command Example ..................................................... 247
Figure 149 frame type Command Example ....................................................................... 248
Figure 150 no gvrp Command Example ............................................................................ 248
Figure 151 Modifying Static VLAN Example ...................................................................... 249
Figure 152 no vlan Command Example ............................................................................. 250
Figure 153 show vlan Command Example ........................................................................ 251
Figure 154 Pop-up Blocker ................................................................................................. 255
Figure 155 Internet Options ............................................................................................... 255
Figure 156 Internet Options ................................................................................................ 256
Figure 157 Pop-up Blocker Settings ................................................................................... 257
Figure 158 Internet Options ................................................................................................ 258
Figure 159 Security Settings - Java Scripting ..................................................................... 259
Figure 160 Security Settings - Java .................................................................................... 260
Figure 161 Java (Sun) ......................................................................................................... 261
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List of Tables
Table 1 Panel Connections ................................................................................................ 39
Table 2 Front Panel LEDs .................................................................................................. 43
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview .................................................................... 47
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details .......................................................... 47
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links .......................................................................................... 48
Table 6 Status ..................................................................................................................... 60
Table 7 Status: Port Details ................................................................................................ 62
Table 8 System Info ............................................................................................................ 66
Table 9 General Setup ....................................................................................................... 68
Table 10 Switch Setup ........................................................................................................ 70
Table 11 IP Setup ............................................................................................................... 73
Table 12 Port Setup ............................................................................................................ 75
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology ......................................................................... 78
Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status ............................................................................................. 81
Table 15 VLAN: Static VLAN .............................................................................................. 83
Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting .................................................................................... 85
Table 17 Port Based VLAN Setup ...................................................................................... 88
Table 18 Static MAC Forwarding ........................................................................................ 90
Table 19 FIltering ................................................................................................................ 92
Table 20 STP Path Costs ................................................................................................... 93
Table 21 STP Port States ................................................................................................... 94
Table 22 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ........................................................................... 95
Table 23 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ................................................................ 98
Table 24 Bandwidth Control ............................................................................................... 100
Table 25 Broadcast Storm Control ..................................................................................... 105
Table 26 Mirroring .............................................................................................................. 109
Table 27 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch ....................................................................... 112
Table 28 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ........................................................................ 112
Table 29 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................................ 113
Table 30 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration ............................................... 115
Table 31 Port Authentication: RADIUS ............................................................................... 118
Table 32 Port Authentication: 802.1x ................................................................................. 120
Table 33 Port Security ........................................................................................................123
Table 34 Access Control Overview .................................................................................... 125
Table 35 SNMP Commands ............................................................................................... 126
Table 36 SNMP Traps ........................................................................................................ 127
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Table 37 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................................ 128
Table 38 Access Control: Logins ........................................................................................ 129
Table 39 Access Control: Service Access Control ............................................................. 136
Table 40 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................................ 137
Table 41 Queuing Method .................................................................................................. 141
Table 42 Classifier .............................................................................................................. 144
Table 43 Classifier: Summary Table ................................................................................... 146
Table 44 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Number .................................................. 146
Table 45 Common IP Ports ................................................................................................ 147
Table 46 Policy ................................................................................................................... 151
Table 47 Policy: Summary Table ........................................................................................ 153
Table 48 VLAN Tag Format ................................................................................................ 156
Table 49 Single and Double Tagged 802.11Q Frame Format ............................................ 157
Table 50 802.1Q Frame ..................................................................................................... 157
Table 51 VLAN Stacking ..................................................................................................... 159
Table 52 Multicast Status ................................................................................................... 162
Table 53 Multicast Setting .................................................................................................. 164
Table 54 Multicast: IGMP Filtering Profile .......................................................................... 165
Table 55 MVR ..................................................................................................................... 169
Table 56 MVR: Group Configuration .................................................................................. 170
Table 57 DHCP Relay ........................................................................................................ 176
Table 58 Static Routing ...................................................................................................... 177
Table 59 Filename Conventions ......................................................................................... 182
Table 60 Diagnostic ............................................................................................................ 185
Table 61 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications .................................................... 187
Table 62 Cluster Management: Status ............................................................................... 188
Table 63 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ............................................................ 190
Table 64 Clustering Management Configuration ................................................................ 191
Table 65 MAC Table ........................................................................................................... 194
Table 66 ARP Table ............................................................................................................196
Table 67 Command Summary: User Mode ........................................................................ 203
Table 68 Command Summary: Enable Mode .................................................................... 204
Table 69 Command Summary: Configuration Mode .......................................................... 208
Table 70 interface port-channel Commands ...................................................................... 218
Table 71 Command Summary: config-vlan Commands ..................................................... 221
Table 72 mvr Commands ................................................................................................... 223
Table 73 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch ....................................................... 253
Table 74 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch ................................................................ 253
Table 75 Troubleshooting the Password ............................................................................ 261
Table 76 General Product Specifications ........................................................................... 263
Table 77 Management Specifications ................................................................................. 264
Table 78 Physical and Environmental Specifications ......................................................... 264
Table 79 Classes of IP Addresses ..................................................................................... 267
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Table 80 Allowed IP Address Range By Class ................................................................... 268
Table 81 “Natural” Masks ................................................................................................... 268
Table 82 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ....................................................................... 269
Table 83 Two Subnets Example ......................................................................................... 269
Table 84 Subnet 1 .............................................................................................................. 270
Table 85 Subnet 2 .............................................................................................................. 270
Table 86 Subnet 1 .............................................................................................................. 271
Table 87 Subnet 2 .............................................................................................................. 271
Table 88 Subnet 3 .............................................................................................................. 271
Table 89 Subnet 4 .............................................................................................................. 272
Table 90 Eight Subnets ...................................................................................................... 272
Table 91 Class C Subnet Planning ..................................................................................... 272
Table 92 Class B Subnet Planning ..................................................................................... 273
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Preface
Congratulations on your purchase of the ES-3148 Intelligent Layer 2+ Switch.
This preface introduces you to the ES-3148 Intelligent Layer 2+ Switch and discusses the
conventions of this User’s Guide. It also provides information on other related documentation.
About This User's Guide
This manual is designed to guide you through the installation and configuration of your
ES-3148 for its various applications.
Related Documentation
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
• ZyXEL Glossary and Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com for an online glossary of networking terms and additional
support documentation.
Syntax Conventions
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters. “Select” or “Choose” means for
you to use one of the predefined choices.
• Command and arrow keys are enclosed in square brackets.
carriage return key;
• Mouse action sequences are denoted using a comma. For example, “In Windows, click
Start, Settings and then Control Panel” means first click the Start button, then point
your mouse pointer to Settings and then click Control Panel.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.
• The ES-3148 Intelligent Layer 2+ Switch may be referred to as “the ES-3148” or “the
switch” in this User’s Guide.
[ESC] means the Escape key and [SPACE BAR] means the Space Bar.
[ENTER] means the Enter, or
Preface 25
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Graphics Icons Key
ES-3148 Computer Server
Computer DSLAM Gateway
Central Office/ ISP Internet Hub/Switch
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. E-mail all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to techwriters@zyxel.com.tw or send regular mail to The Technical Writing
Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. Thank you.
26 Preface
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Getting to Know Your Switch
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the switch.
1.1 Introduction
The ES-3148 is a stand-alone layer 2 Ethernet switch with 48 10/100Mbps ports, two RJ-45
Gigabit (1Gbps or 1000Mbps)/mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) combo ports for
uplink, two RJ-45 Gigabit ports and a console port and a management port for local
management. A combo port contains one Gigabit port and one slot for mini-GBIC transceiver
(SFP module).
With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the switch is easy. In addition,
the switch can also be managed via Telnet, any terminal emulator program on the console port,
or third-party SNMP management.
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1.2 Software Features
This section describes the general software features of the switch.
DHCP Client
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual
computers to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the
switch as a DHCP client to obtain TCP/IP information (such as the IP address and subnet
mask) from a DHCP server. If you disable the DHCP service, you must manually enter the
TCP/IP information.
VLAN
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
Queuing
Queuing is used to help solve performance degradation when there is network congestion.
Two scheduling services are supported: Strict Priority and Weighted Fair Scheduling. This
allows the switch to maintain separate queues for packets from each individual source or flow
and prevent a source from monopolizing the bandwidth.
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Port Mirroring
Port mirroring allows you to copy traffic going from one or all ports to another or all ports in
order that you can examine the traffic from the mirror port (the port you copy the traffic to)
without interference.
Static Route
Static routes tell the switch how to forward IP traffic when you configure the TCP/IP
parameters manually.
IGMP Snooping
The switch supports IGMP snooping enabling group multicast traffic to be only forwarded to
ports that are members of that group; thus allowing you to significantly reduce multicast traffic
passing through your switch.
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR)
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR) is designed for applications (such as Media-on-Demand
(MoD)) using multicast traffic across a network. MVR allows one single multicast VLAN to
be shared among different subscriber VLANs on the network.
This improves bandwidth utilization by reducing multicast traffic in the subscriber VLANs
and simplifies multicast group management.
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) / RSTP (Rapid STP)
(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.
Link Aggregation
Link aggregation (trunking) is the grouping of physical ports into one logical higher-capacity
link. You may want to trunk ports if for example, it is cheaper to use multiple lower-speed
links than to under-utilize a high-speed, but more costly, single-port link.
Port Authentication and Security
For security, the switch allows authentication using IEEE 802.1x with an external RADIUS
server and port security that allows only packets with dynamically learned MAC addresses
and/or configured static MAC addresses to pass through a port on the switch.
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Cluster Management
Cluster Management allows you to manage switches through one switch, called the cluster
manager. The switches must be directly connected and be in the same VLAN group so as to be
able to communicate with one another using same cluster management implementation.
Maintenance and Management Features
• Access Control
You can specify the service(s) and computer IP address(es) to control access to the switch
for management.
• Cluster Management
Cluster management (also known as iStacking) allows you to manage switches through
one switch, called the cluster manager. The switches must be directly connected and be in
the same VLAN group so as to be able to communicate with one another.
• Configuration and Firmware Maintenance
You can backup or restore the switch configuration or upgrade the firmware on the
switch.
IP Protocols
• IP Host (No routing)
• Telnet for configuration and monitoring
• SNMP for management
• SNMP MIB II (RFC 1213)
• SNMP v1 RFC 1157
• SNMPv2, SNMPv2c or later version, compliant with RFC 2011
SNMPv2 MIB for IP, RFC 2012 SNMPv2 MIB for TCP, RFC 2013
SNMPv2 MIB for UDP
• Ethernet MIBs RFC 1643
• Bridge MIBs RFC 1493
• SMI RFC 1155
• RMON RFC 1757
• SNMPv2, SNMPv2c RFC 2674
System Monitoring
• System status (link status, rates, statistics counters)
•SNMP
• Temperatures, voltage, fan speed reports and alarms
• Port Mirroring allows you to analyze one port's traffic from another.
Security
• System management password protection
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• Port-based VLAN
• IEEE 802.1Q VLAN
• 802.1x Authentication
• Limit dynamic port MAC address learning
• Static MAC address filtering
Bandwidth Control
• The ES-3148 supports rate limiting in 1Mbps increments allowing you to create different
service plans.
• The ES-3148 supports IGMP snooping enabling group multicast traffic to be only
forwarded to ports that are members of that group; thus allowing you to significantly
reduce multicast traffic passing through your switch.
• Broadcast storm control
Quality of Service
• Eight queues so you can ensure mission-critical data gets delivered on time.
• Follows the IEEE 802.1p priority setting standard based on source/destination MAC
addresses.
1.3 Hardware Features
This section describes the hardware features of the ES-3148.
Power
The ES-3148 requires 100~240VAC/1.5A power.
48 10/100 Mbps Fast Ethernet Ports
Connect up to 48 computers or switches to the 10/100Mbps auto-negotiating, automatic cable
sensing (auto-MDIX) Ethernet RJ-45 ports. All Ethernet ports support:
• IEEE 802.3/3u/3z/3ab standards
• Back pressure flow control in half duplex mode
• IEEE 802.3x flow control in full duplex mode
Two Gigabit Ethernet Ports for Uplink Modules
The gigabit ports allow the ES-3148 to connect to another WAN switch or daisy-chain to other
switches.
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Two Slots for Mini-GBIC Modules
The mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) module transceivers allow flexibility in
connection options. You can use mini-GBIC transceivers for fiber connections to backbone
Ethernet switches.
iStacking
Up to 24 switches may be stacked.
Console Port
Use the console port for local management of the switch.
Fans
The fans cool the switch sufficiently to allow reliable operation of the switch in even poorly
ventilated rooms or basements.
1.4 Applications
This section shows a few examples of using the switch in various network environments.
1.4.1 Backbone Application
In this application, the switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can
be expected in the near future.
The switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can connect
computers directly to the switch’s port or connect other switches to the switch.
In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the
network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print
servers etc.
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Figure 1 Backbone Application
1.4.2 Bridging Example
In this example application the switch connects different company departments (RD and
Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server
and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed
department servers via the switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a
Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the switch.
Moreover, the switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to
centralize multiple servers at a single location.
Figure 2 Bridging Application
1.4.3 High Performance Switched Example
The switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following
example, use trunking to connect these two networks.
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Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not
feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and
adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The switch can provide
the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters
and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely
communicate with each other.
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Application
1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples
This section shows a workgroup and a shared server example using 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from
stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.
For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 8 on page 77.
1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example
Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network
performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by
adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.
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Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application
1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example
Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server, as
shown in the following example. In this example, only ports that need access to the server
need belong to VLAN 1. Ports can belong to other VLAN groups too.
Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example
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Hardware Installation and
This chapter shows you how to install and connect the switch.
2.1 Freestanding Installation
1 Make sure the switch is clean and dry.
2 Set the switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the
switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.
3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the switch to allow air circulation and the
attachment of cables and the power cord.
ES-3148 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 2
Connection
4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.
5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the switch. These rubber feet help
protect the switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when
stacking.
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet
Note: Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when
stacking.
For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.
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2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the
installation steps.
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements
• Two mounting brackets.
• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
Note: Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.
2.2.1.1 Precautions
• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.
• Make sure the position of the switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take
all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch
1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the switch, lining up the four screw holes on
the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the switch.
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the switch.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the
switch.
4 You may now mount the switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.
36 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
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2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the switch) on one side of the
rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.
Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
ES-3148 User’s Guide
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the rack.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.
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38 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
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This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the switch and shows you how to make
the hardware connections.
3.1 Panel Connections
The figures below show the front panel and the rear panel of the switch.
Figure 9 Front Panel
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CHAPTER 3
Hardware Overview
RJ-45 Gigabit / Mini-GBIC
Combo Ports for uplink
Figure 10 Rear Panel
Console Port
RJ-45 Gigabit
Ports for Stacking
The following table describes the ports on the panels.
Table 1 Panel Connections
CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
48 10/100 Mbps
RJ-45 Ethernet
Ports
Four 100/1000
Mbps RJ-45
Gigabit Ports
10/100 Mbps Ethernet PortsLEDs
BPS Port for External
Backup Power Supply
Management Port
Connect these ports to a computer, a hub, an Ethernet switch or router.
Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet
switches or use them to daisy-chain other switches.
Power Receptacle
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Table 1 Panel Connections (continued)
CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
Mini-GBIC
Ports
Console Port Only connect this port if you want to configure the switch using the command line
Management
Port
Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optical connections to backbone
Ethernet switches.
interface (CLI) via the console port.
Connect to a computer using an RJ-45 Ethernet cable for local configuration of the
switch.
3.1.1 Console Port
For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured
to the following parameters:
• VT100 terminal emulation
• 9600 bps
• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
• No flow control
Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the switch. Connect the
female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.
3.1.2 Ethernet Ports
The switch has 24 100/1000Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Ethernet ports. In 100/
1000Mbps Fast Ethernet, the speed can be 100Mbps or 1000Mbps and the duplex mode can be
half duplex or full duplex.
There are two pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have priority
over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port
are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled. The speed of the Gigabit
Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports can be 100Mbps or 1000Mbps and the duplex mode can be half
duplex (at 100 Mbps) or full duplex.
An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed (100/
1000Mpbs) and duplex mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.
An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or
crossover Ethernet cable.
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings
The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the switch are:
• Speed: Auto
• Duplex: Auto
40 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
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• Flow control: Off
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots
These are slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a
single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. The switch does not come with
transceivers. You must use transceivers that comply with the SFP Transceiver MultiSource
Agreement (MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i specification Rev 1.0 for details.
There are two pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have priority
over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port
are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.
You can change transceivers while the switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.
• Type: SFP connection interface
• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)
ES-3148 User’s Guide
Note: To avoid possible eye injury, do not look into an operating fiber-optic module’s
connectors.
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation
Use the following steps to install a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.
Figure 11 Transceiver Installation Example
2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
3 The switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that
it is functioning properly.
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Figure 12 Installed Transceiver
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal
Use the following steps to remove a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
Figure 13 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example
2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
Figure 14 Transceiver Removal Example
3.1.4 Power Connector
Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.
To connect the power to the switch, insert the female end of power cord to the power
receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to the power
source. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.
3.1.5 External Backup Power Supply Connector
The switch supports external backup power supply (BPS).
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The backup power supply constantly monitors the status of the internal power supply. The
backup power supply automatically provides power to the switch in the event of a power
failure. Once the switch receives power from the backup power supply, it will not
automatically switch back to using the internal power supply even when the power is resumed.
3.2 Panel LEDs
The following table describes the LEDs on the panels.
Table 2 Front Panel LEDs
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
BPS Green Blinking The system is receiving power from the backup power supply.
PWR Green On The system is turned on.
SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.
ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.
10 Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
100 Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
Uplink Gigabit Port
1000 Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
100 Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
GBIC Slots
LNK Green On The port has a successful connection.
ACT Green Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data.
Gigabit Port
ES-3148 User’s Guide
On The backup power supply is connected and active.
Off The backup power supply is not ready or not active.
Off The system is off.
On The system is on and functioning properly.
Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.
Off The system is functioning normally.
On The port is connected at 10Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 10Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
On The port is connected at 100Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 100Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
On The port is connected at 1000Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 1000Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
On The port is connected at 100Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 100Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port.
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Table 2 Front Panel LEDs (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
LNK/ACT Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 1000 Mbps Ethernet
FDX Amber On The Gigabit port is negotiating in full-duplex mode.
MGMT
10 Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
100 Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
network.
On The link to a 1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 100 Mbps Ethernet
network.
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
Off The Gigabit port is negotiating in half-duplex mode and no
collisions are occurring.
On The port is connected at 10 Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 10 Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
On The port is connected at 100 Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 100 Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
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This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.
4.1 Introduction
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy switch setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by
default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
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CHAPTER 4
The Web Configurator
4.2 System Login
1 Start your web browser.
2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the switch (for example, the default for the
management port is 192.168.0.1 and for the switch port is 192.168.1.1) in the Location or
Address field. Press
3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default
password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time
server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.
[ENTER].
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Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login
4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.
4.3 The Status Screen
The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.
The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.
Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)
In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.
46 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
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Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview
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BASIC SETTING
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
ROUTING PROTOCOL MANAGEMENT
The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details
BASIC SETTING
System Info
General Setup
Switch Setup
IP Setup
Port Setup
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
VLAN
VLAN Status
VLAN Port Setting
Static VLAN
Static MAC Forwarding
Filtering
Spanning Tree Protocol
Status
Configuration
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm
Control
Mirroring
ROUTING PROTOCOL MANAGEMENT
Static Routing Maintenance
Firmware Upgrade
Restore
Configuration
Backup
Configuration
Load Factory Default
Reboot System
Diagnostic
Cluster Management
Status
Configuration
MAC Table
ARP Table
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Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details (continued)
BASIC SETTING
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
Link Aggregation
Status
Configuration
Port Authentication
RADIUS
802.1x
Port Security
Access Control
SNMP
Logins
Service Access
Control
Remote
Management
Queuing Method
Classifier
Policy Rule
VLAN Stacking
Multicast
Multicast Status
Multicast Setting
IGMP Filtering
Profile
MVR
DHCP Relay
ROUTING PROTOCOL MANAGEMENT
The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links
LINK DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings
System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware
General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification
Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global switch parameters such
IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the management IP
Port Setup This link takes you to screens where you can configure settings for individual switch
Advanced
Application
48 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
monitoring information.
information about the switch.
as VLAN type, MAC address learning, GARP and priority queues.
address, subnet mask (necessary for switch management) and DNS (domain name
server).
ports.
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Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q VLAN
(depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu).
Static MAC
Forwarding
Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Bandwidth
Control
Broadcast Storm
Control
Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports to
Link Aggregation This link takes you to a screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to
Port
Authentication
Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate maximum port security
Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password
Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure strictly priority or weighted
Classifier This link takes you to a screen where you can configure classifiers.
Policy Rule This link takes you to a screen where you can configure policy rules.
VLAN Stacking This link takes you to a screen where you can configure VLAN stacking.
Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure various multicast features
DHCP Relay This link takes you to a screen where you can configure DHCP relay information
Routing Protocol
Static Routing This link takes you to screens where you can configure static routes. A static route
Management
Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration
Diagnostic This link takes you to screens where you can view system logs and test port(s).
Cluster
Management
MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses (and types)
ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses – IP
This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses for a
port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.
This link takes you to screens where you can configure the STP/RSTP to prevent
network loops.
This link takes you to screens where you can cap the maximum incoming bandwidth
allowed on specified port(s).
This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.
another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without
interference
form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure RADIUS (Remote
Authentication Dial-In User Service), a protocol for user authentication that allows
you to use an external server to validate an unlimited number of users.
through the use of configured static MAC addresses.
and configure SNMP and remote management.
fair scheduling with associated queue weights for each port.
and create multicast VLANs.
and specify the DHCP server(s).
defines how the switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP parameters
manually.
file maintenance as well as reboot the system.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management
and view its status.
of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
address resolution table.
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4.3.1 Change Your Password
After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator
password. Click Advanced Application, Access Control and then Logins to display the next
screen.
Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password
4.4 Switch Lockout
You could block yourself (and all others) from accessing the switch through the web
configurator if you do one of the following:
1 Deleting the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).
2 Deleting all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the
management port of the switch.
3 Filtering all traffic to the CPU port.
4 Disabling all ports.
5 Misconfiguring the text configuration file.
6 Forgetting the password and/or IP address.
7 Preventing all services from accessing the switch.
8 Changing a service port number but forgetting it.
Note: Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the switch.
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4.5 Resetting the Switch
If you lock yourself (and others) from the switch or forget the switch password, you will need
to reload the factory-default configuration file or reset the switch back to the factory defaults.
4.5.1 Reload the Configuration File
Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the
factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations
and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no
parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and
the IP address to 192.168.1.1.
To upload the configuration file, do the following:
1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See
Section 3.1.1 on page 40 for details.
2 Disconnect and reconnect the switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect the
switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.
ES-3148 User’s Guide
3 When you see the message “
seconds ...
4 Type
atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.
5 Wait for the “
” press any key to enter debug mode.
Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM
Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3
upload on your terminal.
6 This is an example Xmodem configuration upload using HyperTerminal. Click Transfer,
then Send File to display the following screen.
Figure 18 Example Xmodem Upload
Type the configuration file's
location, or click Browse to
search for it.
Choose the 1K Xmodem
protocol.
Then click Send.
7 After a configuration file upload, type atgo to restart the switch.
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Figure 19 Reload the Configuration file: Via Console Port
Bootbase Version: V0.6 | 05/02/2005 16:32:24
RAM:Size = 32 Mbytes
DRAM POST: Testing: 32768K OK
DRAM Test SUCCESS !
FLASH: Intel 32M
ZyNOS Version: V3.60(TZ.0)b0.1 | 05/24/2005 10:28:06
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.
.................................
Enter Debug Mode
ES-3148> atlc
Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Total 262144 bytes received.
Erasing..
................................................................
OK
ES-3148> atgo
The switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default password
of “1234”.
4.5.2 Reset to the Factory Defaults
To reset the switch back to the factory defaults, do the following:
1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See the
chapter on hardware connections for details.
2 Disconnect and reconnect the switch's power to begin a session. When you reconnect the
switch's power, you will see the initial screen.
3 When you see the message "
seconds
4 Type
" press any key to enter debug mode.
atbr after the "Enter Debug Mode" message.
Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3
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Figure 20 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port
Bootbase Version: V0.6 | 05/02/2005 16:32:24
RAM:Size = 32 Mbytes
DRAM POST: Testing: 32768K OK
DRAM Test SUCCESS !
FLASH: Intel 32M
ZyNOS Version: V3.60(TZ.0)b0.1 | 05/24/2005 10:28:06
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.
.................................
Enter Debug Mode
ES-3148> atbr
Restore default
Romfile.........................................................
..........OK
ES-3148> atgo
5 After the resetting, type atgo to restart the switch.
4.6 Logging Out of the Web Configurator
Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password
again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session both for
security reasons and so as you don’t lock out other switch administrators.
Figure 21 Web Configurator: Logout Screen
4.7 Help
The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.
Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that
screen.
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54 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
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This chapter shows how to set up the switch for an example network.
5.1 Overview
The following lists the configuration steps for the initial setup:
• Create a VLAN
• Set port VLAN ID
• Configure the switch IP management address
ES-3148 User’s Guide
CHAPTER 5
Initial Setup Example
5.1.1 Creating a VLAN
VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can
do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.
In this example, you want to configure port 10 as a member of VLAN 2.
Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN
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1 Click Advanced Application and VLAN in the navigation panel and click the Static
VLAN link.
2 In the Static VLAN screen,
select ACTIVE, enter a
descriptive name in the Name
field and enter 2 in the VLAN
Group ID field for the VLAN2
network.
Note: The VLAN Group ID field in
this screen and the VID field
in the IP Setup screen refer
to the same VLAN ID.
3 Since the VLAN2 network is
connected to port 10 on the
switch, select Fixed to configure
port 10 to be a permanent
member of the VLAN only.
4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware
devices (such as computers and
hubs) can receive frames
properly, clear the TX Tagging
check box to set the switch to
remove VLAN tags before
sending.
5 Click Add to save the settings.
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5.1.2 Setting Port VID
Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames
are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 10 so that any untagged frames
received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.
Figure 23 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID
ES-3148 User’s Guide
1 Click Advanced Applications
and VLAN in the navigation
panel. Then click the VLAN
Port Setting link.
2 Enter 2 in the PVID field for
port 10 and click Apply to
save the settings.
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5.1.3 Configuring Switch Management IP Address
The default management IP address of the switch is 192.168.1.1. You can configure another IP
address in a different subnet for management purposes. The following figure shows an
example.
Figure 24 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address
1 Connect your computer to any Ethernet port on the switch. Make sure your computer is
in the same subnet as the switch.
2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.1.1 (the default IP address) in the address bar
to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 45 for more information.
3 Click Basic Setting and IP
Setup in the navigation panel.
4 Configure the related fields in the
IP Setup screen.
For the VLAN2 network, enter
192.168.2.1 as the IP address and
255.255.255.0 as the subnet
mask.
5 In the VID field, enter the ID of
the VLAN group to which you
want this management IP address
to belong. This is the same as the
VLAN ID you configure in the
Static VLAN screen.
6 Select the Manageable check
box to allow the switch to be
managed from the ports
belonging to VLAN2 using this
specified IP address.
7 Click Add.
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This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details
screens.
6.1 Overview
The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary table with links to
each port showing statistical details.
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CHAPTER 6
System Status and Port
Statistics
6.2 Port Status Summary
To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Status
screen as shown next.
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Figure 25 Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System up Time This field shows how long the system has been running since the last time it was
Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M
State This field displays the STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) state of the port. See the
LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been
60 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
started.
screen (refer to Figure 26 on page 62).
for 1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half). It also shows the cable
type (Copper or Fiber) for the combo ports.
chapter on STP for details on STP states.
enabled on the port.
Page 63
Table 6 Status (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has
been up.
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
Stop Click Stop to halt system statistic polling.
Clear Counter Select a port from the Port drop-down list box and then click Clear Counter to erase
the recorded statistical information for that port.
6.2.1 Status: Port Details
ES-3148 User’s Guide
Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics.
Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the
switch.
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Figure 26 Status: Port Details
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Status: Port Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Info
Link This field shows whether the Ethernet connection is down, and the speed/duplex
mode. It also shows the cable type (Copper or Fiber) for the combo ports.
Status This field shows the training state of the ports. The states are FORWARDING
(forwarding), which means the link is functioning normally or STOP (the port is stopped
to break a loop or duplicate path).
LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.
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Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.
Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.
TX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.
Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags transmitted.
Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets received.
RX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.
Control This field shows the number of control received (including those with CRC error) but it
TX Collision
The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.
Single This is a count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is inhibited by
Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission was inhibited
Excessive This is a count of frames for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.
Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the
Error Packet
RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check)
Length This field shows the number of frames received with a length that was out of range.
Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64
Distribution
transmitted.
received.
does not include the 802.3x Pause frames.
exactly one collision.
by more than one collision.
Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the
retransmission count is reset.
frame have already been transmitted.
error(s).
octets), including the ones with CRC errors.
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Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64
65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
1024-1518 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
Stop Click Stop to stop port statistic polling.
octets in length.
between 65 and 127 octets in length.
between 128 and 255 octets in length.
between 256 and 511 octets in length.
between 512 and 1023 octets in length.
between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.
maximum frame size.
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
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This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP
Setup and Port Setup screens.
7.1 Overview
The System Info screen displays general switch information (such as firmware version
number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen
allows you to configure general switch identification information. The General Setup screen
also allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an
external server when you turn on your switch. The real time is then displayed in the switch
logs. The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global switch features. The
IP Setup screen allows you to configure a switch IP address, subnet mask(s) and DNS
(domain name server) for management purposes.
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CHAPTER 7
Basic Setting
7.2 System Information
In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting and System Info to display the screen as shown.
You can check the firmware version number and monitor the switch temperature, fan speeds
and voltage in this screen.
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Figure 27 System Info
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 System Info
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the switch for identification purposes.
ZyNOS F/W
Ver si on
Ethernet
Address
Hardware Monitor
Temperature
Unit
Temperature MAC, CPU and PHY refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the switch
Current This field displays the current temperature measured at this sensor.
MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.
MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.
Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.
Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those
This field displays the version number of the switc 's current firmware including the
date created.
This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the switch.
The switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the
temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit
(Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.
printed circuit board.
above.
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Table 8 System Info (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Fan speed
(RPM)
Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).
MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.
Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error
Voltage (V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
Current This is the current voltage reading.
MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.
MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.
Threshold This field displays the minimum voltage at which the switch should work.
Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
Stop Click Stop to halt statistic polling.
A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently
ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the
temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.
(RPM).
(RPM). "<41" is displayed for speeds too small to measure (under 2000 RPM).
indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.
reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.
point; otherwise Error is displayed.
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
7.3 General Setup
Click Basic Setting and General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
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Figure 28 General Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 General Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to
32 printable characters; spaces not allowed.
Location Enter the geographic location of your switch. You can use up to 32 printable ASCII
Contact Person's
Name
Login
Precedence
characters; spaces are not allowed.
Enter the name of the person in charge of this switch. You can use up to 32
printable ASCII characters; spaces are not allowed.
Use this drop-down list box to select which database the switch should use (first) to
authenticate an administrator (user for switch management).
Configure the local user accounts in the Access Control Logins screen. The
RADIUS is an external server. Before you specify the priority, make sure you have
set up the corresponding database correctly first.
Select Local Only to have the switch just check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen.
Select Local then RADIUS to have the switch check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen. If the user name is not found, the
switch then checks the user database on the specified RADIUS server. You need to
configure Port Authentication Radius first.
Select RADIUS Only to have the switch just check the user database on the
specified RADIUS server for a login username and password.
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Table 9 General Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Use Time Server
when Bootup
Time Server IP
Address
Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).
New Time
(hh:min:ss)
Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.
New Date (yyyymm-dd)
Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Enter the time service protocol that your timeserver uses. Not all time servers
support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to find a protocol that
works. The main differences between them are the time format.
When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the switch displays the day,
month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format it is
recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time
zone.
Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of seconds
since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.
NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868).
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the
switch, the time and date will be reset to 1970-1-1 0:0.
Enter the IP address of your timeserver. The switch searches for the timeserver for
up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen
will appear locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.
Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears
in the Current Time field after you click Apply.
Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in
the Current Date field after you click Apply.
known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list
box.
7.4 Introduction to VLANs
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security
among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from
accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the
printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast
packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a
specific broadcast domain.
Note: VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.
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See Chapter 8 on page 77 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
7.5 Switch Setup Screen
Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port
Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.
Figure 29 Switch Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Switch Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on
Bridge Control
Protocol
Transparency
MAC Address
Learning
Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC
70 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen.
See Chapter 8 on page 77 for more information.
Select Active to allow the switch to handle bridging control protocols (STP for
example). You also need to define how to treat a BPDU in the Port Setup screen.
MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address
learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.
addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be
relearned).
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Table 10 Switch Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GARP Timer: Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All message
terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See the chapter on VLAN
setup for more background information.
Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each
port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and
65535 milliseconds; the default is 200 milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup
for more background information.
Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.
Leave All Timer Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in
Priority Queue Assignment
IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default
priority of the ingress port. Use the next two fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue
mapping.
The switch has eight physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the switch, traffic
assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the
network is congested.
Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger
than Join Timer; the default is 600 milliseconds.
milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be
larger than Leave Timer.
variations in delay).
Network Architecture) transactions.
important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
7.6 IP Setup
Use the IP Setup screen to configure the default gateway device, the default domain name
server and add switch IP address.
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7.6.1 Management IP Addresses
The switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP
address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
You can configure up to 64 IP addresses which are used to access and manage the switch from
the ports belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(s).
Note: You must configure a VLAN first.
Figure 30 IP Setup
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Tabl e 11 IP Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Domain
Name Server
Default
Management
In-band
Management
IP Address
DHCP Client Select this option if you have a DHCP server that can assign the switch an IP address,
Stat ic IP
Address
IP Address Enter the IP address of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example 192.168.1.1.
IP Subnet
Mask
Default
Gateway
VID Enter the VLAN identification number associated with the switch IP address. VID is the
Out-of-band Management IP Address
IP Address Enter the IP address of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example 192.168.0.1.
IP Subnet
Mask
Default
Gateway
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the switch.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring the fields again.
In-band IP
Addresses
IP Address Enter the IP address for managing the switch by the members of the VLAN specified in
IP Subnet
Mask
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to
use a domain name instead of an IP address.
Specify which traffic flow (In-Band or Out-of-band) the switch is to send packets
originating from itself (such as SNMP traps) or packets with unknown source.
Select Out-of-band to have the switch send the packets to the out-of-band
management port. This means that device(s) connected to the other port(s) do not
receive these packets.
Select In-Band to have the switch send the packets to all ports except the out-of-band
management port to which connected device(s) do not receive these packets.
subnet mask, a default gateway IP address and a domain name server IP address
automatically.
Select this option if you don¡¦t have a DHCP server or if you wish to assign static IP
address information to the switch. You need to fill in the following fields when you select
this option.
Enter the IP subnet mask of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example
255.255.255.0.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.1.254.
VLAN ID of the CPU and is used for management only. The default is "1". All ports, by
default, are fixed members of this "management VLAN" in order to manage the device
from any port. If a port is not a member of this VLAN, then users on that port cannot
access the device. To access the switch make sure the port that you are connected to is
a member of Management VLAN.
If you change this IP address, make sure the computer connected to this management
port is in the same subnet before accessing the switch.
Enter the IP subnet mask of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example
255.255.255.0.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.0.254.
You can create up to 64 IP addresses which are used to access and manage the switch
from the ports belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(s). You must configure a VLAN first.
the VID field below.
Enter the IP subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.
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Tabl e 11 IP Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VID Type the VLAN group identification number.
Default
Gateway
Manageable Select this option to allow the switch to be managed using this specified IP address.
Add Click Add to save the new rule to the switch. It then displays in the summary table at the
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Index This field displays the index number of an entry. Click an index number to edit the rule.
IP Address This field displays the IP address.
Subnet Mask This field displays the subnet mask.
VID This field displays the VLAN identification number of the network.
Default
Gateway
Manageable This field displays whether the switch can be managed using the specified IP address.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation.
bottom of the screen.
This field displays the the IP address of the default outgoing gateway.
7.7 Port Setup
Click Basic Setting and then Port Setup in the navigation panel to enter the port
configuration screen.
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Figure 31 Port Setup
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Port Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This is the port index number.
Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A
port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.
Name Enter a descriptive name that identifies this port.
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Table 12 Port Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Type This field displays 10/100M for an Ethernet/Fast Ethernet connection and 10/100/
Speed/Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the Ethernet connection on this port.
Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer
802.1p Priority This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag.
BPDU Control Configure the way to treat BPDUs received on this port. You must activate bridging
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
1000M for Gigabit connections.
Choices are Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex, 100M/
Full Duplex and 1000M/Full Duplex (for Gigabit ports only).
Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port
automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends support.
When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the switch negotiates with the peer
automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer port
does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the switch determines the
connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode.
When the switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the pre-configured speed
and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the
settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.
memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate
transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.
The switch uses IEEE802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and backpressure flow
control in half duplex mode.
IEEE802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the
sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port
memory buffers fill.
Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision"
signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending
port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to
enable it.
See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 10 on page 70 for more information.
control protocol transparency in the Switch Setup screen first.
Select Peer to process any BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) received on this port.
Select Tun nel to forward BPDUs received on this port.
Select Discard to drop any BPDU received on this port.
Select Network to process a BPDU with no VLAN tag and forward a tagged BPDU.
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CHAPTER 8
The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup
screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs.
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were
created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The
VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches
need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an
untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the
type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts
after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
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VLAN
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet
switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not
be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID,
giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 (212) VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN
ID are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a
priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the
ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to
identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 bits
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames
Each port on the switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame from
an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the switch first decides
where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's default
VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
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8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration
GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across
switches.
8.2.1 GARP
GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and deregister attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a
protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific
application, for example, GVRP.
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers
Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.
8.2.2 GVRP
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for
switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this
function to permit VLANs groups beyond the local switch.
Please refer to the following table for common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology.
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology
VLAN PARAMETER TE RM DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.
VLAN Administrative
Control
VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing
Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/
deregistration process.
Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.
Registration
Forbidden
Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.
Untagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN don't tag all
Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the
specified VLAN.
frames transmitted.
outgoing frames transmitted.
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Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology (continued)
VLAN PARAMETER TER M DESCRIPTION
VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that
Acceptable frame
type
Ingress filtering If set, the switch discards incoming frames for VLANs
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking
Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to
pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices
without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.
Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2 (V1 and V2)
on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN groups 1 and 2 on
all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with unknown VLAN
group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch
you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically
allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those
switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).
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this port received.
You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged
incoming frames or just tagged incoming frames on a
port.
that do not have this port as a member
Figure 32 Port VLAN Trunking
8.4 Select the VLAN Type
1 Select a VLAN type in the Switch Setup screen.
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Figure 33 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type
8.5 Static VLAN
Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be
• sent to a VLAN group as normal depends on its VLAN tag.
• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.
• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.
You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the
specified VID.
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status
Click Advanced Application, VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status
screen as shown next.
Figure 34 VLAN: VLAN Status
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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The Number of
VLAN
Index This is the VLAN index number.
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamically using GVRP or
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
Stop Click Stop to halt polling statistics.
Change Pages Click Previous Page or Next Page to show the previous/next screen if all status
This is the number of VLANs configured on the switch.
screen.
marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN
are marked as “–“.
VLAN was set up.
statically, that is, added as a permanent entry.
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
information cannot be seen in one screen.
8.5.2 Configure a Static VLAN
To configure a static VLAN, click Static VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the
screen as shown next.
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Figure 35 VLAN: Static VLAN
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The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 15 VLAN: Static VLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings.
Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes.
VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this static entry; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.
Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.
Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is
the default selection.
Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group.
Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.
Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames transmitted with
this VLAN Group ID.
Add Click Add to add the settings as a new entry in the summary table below.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the
VLAN settings.
Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
8.5.3 Configure VLAN Port Settings
To configure the VLAN settings on a port, click the VLAN Port Setting link in the VLAN
Status screen.
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Figure 36 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a
way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the
network.
Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local switch.
Port Isolation Port Isolation allows each port (1 to 26) to communicate only with the CPU
management port but not communicate with each other. All incoming ports are
selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most
limiting but also the most secure.
Port This field displays the port number.
Ingress Check If this check box is selected for a port, the device discards incoming frames for
PVID Enter a number between 1and 4094 as the port VLAN ID.
GVRP Select this check box to allow GVRP on this port.
Acceptable Frame
Type
VLAN Trunking Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not
Apply Click Apply to save the changes
Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.
VLANs that do not include this port in its member set.
Clear this check box to disable ingress filtering.
Specify the type of frames allowed on a port. Choices are All and Tag Only.
Select All from the drop-down list box to accept all untagged or tagged frames on
this port. This is the default setting.
Select Tag On ly to accept only tagged frames on this port. All untagged frames will
be dropped.
ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through the switch.
8.6 Port-based VLAN Setup
Port-based VLANs are VLANs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the
destination MAC address and its associated port.
Port-based VLANs require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if
you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference
rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port
through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.
Port-based VLANs are specific only to the switch on which they were created.
Note: When you activate port-based VLAN, the switch uses a default VLAN ID of 1.
You cannot change it.
In screens (such as IP Setup and Filtering) that require a VID, you must enter
1 as the VID.
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The port-based VLAN setup screen is shown next. The CPU management port forms a VLAN
with all Ethernet ports.
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN
Select Port Based as the VLAN Type in the Switch Setup screen (see Figure 33 on page 80)
and then click VLAN from the navigation panel to display the next screen.
Figure 37 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected)
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Figure 38 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation)
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17 Port Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Setting Wizard Choose All connected or Port isolation.
Incoming These are the ingress ports; an ingress port is an incoming port, that is, a port through
Outgoing These are the egress ports; an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port through
Apply Click Apply to save the changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.
All connected means all ports can communicate with each other, that is, there are no
virtual LANs. All incoming and outgoing ports are selected. This option is the most
flexible but also the least secure.
Port isolation means that each port can only communicate with the CPU
management port and cannot communicate with each other. All incoming ports are
selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most limiting
but also the most secure.
After you make your selection, click Apply (top right of screen) to display the screens
as mentioned above. You can still customize these settings by adding/deleting
incoming or outgoing ports, but you must also click Apply at the bottom of the screen.
which a data packet enters. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the ingress port for both ports. The numbers in the top row
denote the incoming port for the corresponding port listed on the left (its outgoing port).
CPU refers to the switch management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all
Ethernet ports. If it does not form a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot
be managed from that port.
which a data packet leaves. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the egress port for both ports. CPU refers to the switch
management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all Ethernet ports. If it does not form
a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot be managed from that port.
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Use these screens to configure static MAC address forwarding.
9.1 Overview
A static MAC address is an address that has been manually entered in the MAC address table.
Static MAC addresses do not age out. When you set up static MAC address rules, you are
setting static MAC addresses for a port. This may reduce the need for broadcasting.
Static MAC address forwarding together with port security allow only computers in the MAC
address table on a port to access the switch. See Chapter 17 on page 121 for more information
on port security.
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CHAPTER 9
Static MAC Forwarding
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding
Click Advanced Applications, Static MAC Forwarding in the navigation panel to display
the configuration screen as shown.
Figure 39 Static MAC Forwarding
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18 Static MAC Forwarding
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a rule
Name Enter a descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC address
MAC Address Enter the MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal
VID Enter the VLAN identification number.
Port Select a port where the MAC address entered in the previous field will be
Add After you set the fields above, click Add to insert a new rule.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Clear Click Clear to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Index Click an index number to modify a static MAC address rule for a port.
Active This field displays whether this static MAC address forwarding rule is active (Yes) or
Name This field displays the descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC
MAC Address This field displays the MAC address that will be forwarded and the VLAN identification
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group.
Port This field displays the port where the MAC address shown in the next field will be
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
without deleting it by clearing this check box.
forwarding rule.
character pairs.
Note: Static MAC addresses do not age out.
automatically forwarded.
not (No). You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it.
address-forwarding rule.
number to which the MAC address belongs.
forwarded.
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CHAPTER 10
This chapter discusses static IP and MAC address port filtering.
10.1 Introduction to Filtering
Filtering means sifting traffic going through the switch based on the source and/or destination
MAC addresses and VLAN group (ID).
10.2 Configure a Filtering Rule
Click Advanced Application and Filtering in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown next.
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Filtering
Figure 40 Filtering
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The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 19 FIltering
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Make sure to select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate
Name Type a descriptive name (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) for this rule. This is for
Action Select Discard source to drop frame from the source MAC address (specified in the
MAC Type a MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character
VID Type the VLAN group identification number.
Add Click Add to save the new rule to the switch. It then displays in the summary table at the
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Clear Click Clear to clear the fields to the factory defaults.
Index This field displays the index number of the rule. Click an index number to change the
Active This field displays Yes when the rule is activated and No when is it deactivated.
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this rule. This is for identification purpose
MAC
Address
Action This field displays the filtering action (Discard both, Discard source or Discard dest.).
Delete Check the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete column and then click the
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the selected checkbox(es) in the Delete column.
a rule without deleting it by deselecting this check box.
identification purpose only.
MAC field). The switch can still send frames to the MAC address.
Select Discard destination to drop frames to the destination MAC address (specified in
the MAC address). The switch can still receive frames originating from the MAC
address.
Select Discard source and Discard destination to block traffic to/from the MAC
address specified in the MAC field.
pairs.
bottom of the screen.
settings.
only.
This field displays the source/destination MAC address with the VLAN identification
number to which the MAC address belongs.
Delete button.
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Spanning Tree Protocol
This chapter introduces the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
(RSTP).
11.1 STP/RSTP Overview
(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.
The switch uses IEEE 802.1w RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) that allow faster
convergence of the spanning tree than STP (while also being backwards compatible with STPonly aware bridges). In RSTP, topology change information is directly propagated throughout
the network from the device that generates the topology change. In STP, a longer delay is
required as the device that causes a topology change first notifies the root bridge that then
notifies the network. Both RSTP and STP flush unwanted learned addresses from the filtering
database. In RSTP, the port states are Discarding, Learning, and Forwarding.
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Note: In this user’s guide, “STP” refers to both STP and RSTP.
11.1.1 STP Terminology
The root bridge is the base of the spanning tree; it is the bridge with the lowest identifier value
(MAC address).
Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame onto a LAN through that port. It is assigned
according to the speed of the link to which a port is attached. The slower the media, the higher
the cost.
Table 20 STP Path Costs
LINK SPEED RECOMMENDED VALUE
Path Cost 4Mbps 250 100 to 1000 1 to 65535
Path Cost 10Mbps 100 50 to 600 1 to 65535
Path Cost 16Mbps 62 40 to 400 1 to 65535
Path Cost 100Mbps 19 10 to 60 1 to 65535
Path Cost 1Gbps 4 3 to 10 1 to 65535
Path Cost 10Gbps 2 1 to 5 1 to 65535
RECOMMENDED
RANGE
ALLOWED RANGE
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On each bridge, the root port is the port through which this bridge communicates with the root.
It is the port on this switch with the lowest path cost to the root (the root path cost). If there is
no root port, then this switch has been accepted as the root bridge of the spanning tree
network.
For each LAN segment, a designated bridge is selected. This bridge has the lowest cost to the
root among the bridges connected to the LAN.
11.1.2 How STP Works
After a bridge determines the lowest cost-spanning tree with STP, it enables the root port and
the ports that are the designated ports for connected LANs, and disables all other ports that
participate in STP. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between enabled ports,
eliminating any possible network loops.
STP-aware switches exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) periodically. When the
bridged LAN topology changes, a new spanning tree is constructed.
Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs
(Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the root bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello
BPDU after a predefined interval (Max Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the root
bridge is down. This bridge then initiates negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the
network to re-establish a valid network topology.
11.1.3 STP Port States
STP assigns five port states to eliminate packet looping. A bridge port is not allowed to go
directly from blocking state to forwarding state so as to eliminate transient loops.
Table 21 STP Port States
PORT STATE DESCRIPTION
Disabled STP is disabled (default).
Blocking Only configuration and management BPDUs are received and processed.
Listening All BPDUs are received and processed.
Learning All BPDUs are received and processed. Information frames are submitted to the
learning process but not forwarded.
Forwarding All BPDUs are received and processed. All information frames are received and
forwarded.
11.2 STP Status
Click Advanced Application, Spanning Tree Protocol in the navigation panel to display the
status screen as shown next.
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Figure 41 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 22 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Configuration Click Configuration to configure STP settings. Refer to Section 11.3 on page 96.
Bridge Root refers to the base of the spanning tree (the root bridge). Our Bridge is this
Bridge ID This is the unique identifier for this bridge, consisting of bridge priority plus MAC
Hello Time
(second)
Max Age (second) This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch can wait without receiving a
Forwarding Delay
(second)
Cost to Bridge This is the path cost from the root port on this switch to the root switch.
Port ID This is the priority and number of the port on the switch through which this switch
Topology Changed
Times
Time Since Last
Change
This field displays Running if STP is activated. Otherwise, it displays Down.
switch. This switch may also be the root bridge.
address. This ID is the same for Root and Our Bridge if the switch is the root
switch.
This is the time interval (in seconds) at which the root switch transmits a
configuration message. The root bridge determines Hello Time, Max Age and
Forwarding Delay
configuration message before attempting to reconfigure.
This is the time (in seconds) the root switch will wait before changing states (that
is, listening to learning to forwarding).
must communicate with the root of the Spanning Tree.
This is the number of times the spanning tree has been reconfigured.
This is the time since the spanning tree was last reconfigured.
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Table 22 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Polling Interval The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may
change the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then
clicking Set Interval.
Stop Click Stop to halt STP statistic polling.
11.3 Configure STP
To configure STP, click the Configuration link in the Spanning Tree Protocol screen as
shown next.
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Figure 42 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 23 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Status Click Status to display the Spanning Tree Protocol Status screen (see Figure 41
Active Select this check box to activate STP. Clear this checkbox to disable STP.
Bridge Priority Bridge priority is used in determining the root switch, root port and designated port.
Hello Time This is the time interval in seconds between BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units)
Max Age This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch can wait without receiving a BPDU
Forwarding Delay This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch will wait before changing states.
on page 95).
The switch with the highest priority (lowest numeric value) becomes the STP root
switch. If all switches have the same priority, the switch with the lowest MAC
address will then become the root switch. Select a value from the drop-down list
box.
The lower the numeric value you assign, the higher the priority for this bridge.
Bridge Priority determines the root bridge, which in turn determines Hello Time,
Max Age and Forwarding Delay.
configuration message generations by the root switch. The allowed range is 1 to 10
seconds.
before attempting to reconfigure. All switch ports (except for designated ports)
should receive BPDUs at regular intervals. Any port that ages out STP information
(provided in the last BPDU) becomes the designated port for the attached LAN. If it
is a root port, a new root port is selected from among the switch ports attached to
the network. The allowed range is 6 to 40 seconds.
This delay is required because every switch must receive information about
topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs
time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a blocking state;
otherwise, temporary data loops might result. The allowed range is 4 to 30
seconds.
As a general rule:
Note: 2 * (Forward Delay - 1) >= Max Age >= 2 * (Hello Time + 1)
Port This field displays the port number.
Active Select this check box to activate STP on this port.
Priority Configure the priority for each port here.
Priority decides which port should be disabled when more than one port forms a
loop in a switch. Ports with a higher priority numeric value are disabled first. The
allowed range is between 0 and 255 and the default value is 128.
Path Cost Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame on to a LAN through that port. It is
assigned according to the speed of the bridge. The slower the media, the higher
the cost - see Table 20 on page 93 for more information.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the switch.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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