ZyXEL ES-3124 User Guide

ES-3124 Series
Intelligent Layer 2+ Switch

User’s Guide

Version 3.70
Edition 2
4/2007
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Copyright © 2007 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.
Trademarks
ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.
Copyright 3
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement
This device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
• This device may not cause harmful interference.
• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations.
FCC Warning
This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital switch, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a commercial environment. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this device in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

Certifications

CE Mark Warning:
This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
Taiwanese BSMI (Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection) A Warning:
Notices
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT
APPAREIL A LASER DE CLASS 1
4 Certifications
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
PRODUCT COMPLIES WITH 21 CFR 1040.10 AND 1040.11.
PRODUIT CONFORME SELON 21 CFR 1040.10 ET 1040.11.
Viewing Certifications
1 Go to http://www.zyxel.com.
2 Select your product from the drop-down list box on the ZyXEL home page to go to that
product's page.
3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page.
Certifications 5
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.
• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• CAUTION: RISK OF EXPLOSION IF BATTERY (on the motherboard) IS REPLACED BY AN INCORRECT TYPE. DISPOSE OF USED BATTERIES ACCORDING TO THE INSTRUCTIONS. Dispose them at the applicable collection point for the recycling of electrical and electronic equipment. For detailed information about recycling of this product, please contact your local city office, your household waste disposal service or the store where you purchased the product.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.
• The PoE (Power over Ethernet) devices that supply or receive power and their connected Ethernet cables must all be completely indoors.

Safety Warnings

6 Safety Warnings
This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Safety Warnings 7
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide

ZyXEL Limited Warranty

ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address, Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from country to country.
Registration
Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
8 ZyXEL Limited Warranty
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide

Customer Support

Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support.
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
METHOD
LOCATION
CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS (WORLDWIDE)
COSTA RICA
CZECH REPUBLIC
DENMARK
FINLAND
FRANCE
GERMANY
HUNGARY
KAZAKHSTAN
NORTH AMERICA
SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE WEB SITE
SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE
support@zyxel.com.tw +886-3-578-3942 www.zyxel.com
www.europe.zyxel.com
sales@zyxel.com.tw +886-3-578-2439 ftp.zyxel.com
ftp.europe.zyxel.com
soporte@zyxel.co.cr +506-2017878 www.zyxel.co.cr ZyXEL Costa Rica
sales@zyxel.co.cr +506-2015098 ftp.zyxel.co.cr
info@cz.zyxel.com +420-241-091-350 www.zyxel.cz ZyXEL Communications
info@cz.zyxel.com +420-241-091-359
support@zyxel.dk +45-39-55-07-00 www.zyxel.dk ZyXEL Communications A/S
sales@zyxel.dk +45-39-55-07-07
support@zyxel.fi +358-9-4780-8411 www.zyxel.fi ZyXEL Communications Oy
sales@zyxel.fi +358-9-4780 8448
info@zyxel.fr +33-4-72-52-97-97 www.zyxel.fr ZyXEL France
+33-4-72-52-19-20
support@zyxel.de +49-2405-6909-0 www.zyxel.de ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH.
sales@zyxel.de +49-2405-6909-99
support@zyxel.hu +36-1-3361649 www.zyxel.hu ZyXEL Hungary
info@zyxel.hu +36-1-3259100
http://zyxel.kz/support +7-3272-590-698 www.zyxel.kz ZyXEL Kazakhstan
sales@zyxel.kz +7-3272-590-689
support@zyxel.com 1-800-255-4101
+1-714-632-0882
sales@zyxel.com +1-714-632-0858 ftp.us.zyxel.com
www.us.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications Inc.
REGULAR MAIL
ZyXEL Communications Corp. 6 Innovation Road II
Science Park Hsinchu 300 Ta iw a n
Plaza Roble Escazú Etapa El Patio, Tercer Piso San José, Costa Rica
Czech s.r.o. Modranská 621 143 01 Praha 4 - Modrany Ceská Republika
Columbusvej 2860 Soeborg Denmark
Malminkaari 10 00700 Helsinki Finland
1 rue des Vergers Bat. 1 / C 69760 Limonest France
Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146 Wuerselen Germany
48, Zoldlomb Str. H-1025, Budapest Hungary
43, Dostyk ave.,Office 414 Dostyk Business Centre 050010, Almaty Republic of Kazakhstan
1130 N. Miller St. Anaheim CA 92806-2001 U.S.A.
Customer Support 9
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
METHOD
LOCATION
NORWAY
POLAND
RUSSIA
SPAIN
SWEDEN
UKRAINE
UNITED KINGDOM
SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE WEB SITE
SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE
support@zyxel.no +47-22-80-61-80 www.zyxel.no ZyXEL Communications A/S
sales@zyxel.no +47-22-80-61-81
info@pl.zyxel.com +48 (22) 333 8250 www.pl.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications
+48 (22) 333 8251
http://zyxel.ru/support +7-095-542-89-29 www.zyxel.ru ZyXEL Russia
sales@zyxel.ru +7-095-542-89-25
support@zyxel.es +34-902-195-420 www.zyxel.es ZyXEL Communications
sales@zyxel.es +34-913-005-345
support@zyxel.se +46-31-744-7700 www.zyxel.se ZyXEL Communications A/S
sales@zyxel.se +46-31-744-7701
support@ua.zyxel.com +380-44-247-69-78 www.ua.zyxel.com ZyXEL Ukraine
sales@ua.zyxel.com +380-44-494-49-32
support@zyxel.co.uk +44-1344 303044
08707 555779 (UK only)
sales@zyxel.co.uk +44-1344 303034 ftp.zyxel.co.uk
www.zyxel.co.uk ZyXEL Communications UK
REGULAR MAIL
Nils Hansens vei 13 0667 Oslo Norway
ul. Okrzei 1A 03-715 Warszawa Poland
Ostrovityanova 37a Str. Moscow, 117279 Russia
Arte, 21 5ª planta 28033 Madrid Spain
Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg Sweden
13, Pimonenko Str. Kiev, 04050 Ukraine
Ltd.,11 The Courtyard, Eastern Road, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG12 2XB, United Kingdom (UK)
+” is the (prefix) number you enter to make an international telephone call.
10 Customer Support
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide

Table of Contents

Copyright ..................................................................................................................3
Certifications ............................................................................................................4
Safety Warnings ....................................................................................................... 6
ZyXEL Limited Warranty.......................................................................................... 8
Customer Support.................................................................................................... 9
Table of Contents ................................................................................................... 11
List of Figures ........................................................................................................ 23
List of Tables .......................................................................................................... 27
Preface ....................................................................................................................31
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch ................................................................................ 33
1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................33
1.2 Software Features ..............................................................................................33
1.3 Hardware Features ............................................................................................37
1.4 Applications ........................................................................................................38
1.4.1 Backbone Application ...............................................................................38
1.4.2 Bridging Example ......................................................................................39
1.4.3 High Performance Switched Example ......................................................39
1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples ...............................................40
1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example ..............................................................40
1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example ........................................................41
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection................................................................. 43
2.1 Freestanding Installation ...................................................................................43
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .........................................................................44
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements .................................................44
2.2.1.1 Precautions ....................................................................................44
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch ........................................44
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ................................................................44
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ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview................................................................................................ 47
3.1 Panel Connections ............................................................................................47
3.1.1 Console Port ............................................................................................49
3.1.2 Ethernet Ports ...........................................................................................49
3.1.3 Transceiver Slots .....................................................................................50
3.2 Rear Panel .........................................................................................................52
3.2.1 Power Connector ......................................................................................52
3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector ...............................................52
3.3 LEDs ..............................................................................................................53
Chapter 4
The Web Configurator............................................................................................ 55
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................55
4.2 System Login ..................................................................................................55
4.3 The Status Screen .........................................................................................56
4.4 Menu Overview ..................................................................................................57
4.4.1 Change Your Password .........................................................................60
4.5 Saving Your Configuration ..................................................................................61
4.6 Switch Lockout ..................................................................................................61
4.7 Resetting the Switch .......................................................................................62
4.7.1 Reload the Configuration File .................................................................62
4.7.2 Reset to the Factory Defaults ...................................................................63
4.8 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ...............................................................64
4.9 Help ..................................................................................................................64
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings ................................................................50
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation ................................................................50
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal ...................................................................51
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example ............................................................................................. 65
5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................65
5.1.1 Creating a VLAN .......................................................................................65
5.1.2 Setting Port VID ........................................................................................66
5.2 Configuring Switch Management IP Address .....................................................67
Chapter 6
System Status and Port Statistics ........................................................................ 69
6.1 Port Status Summary .....................................................................................69
6.1.1 Status: Port Details ...............................................................................71
12 Table of Contents
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Chapter 7
Basic Setting ......................................................................................................... 77
7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................77
7.2 System Information ........................................................................................77
7.3 General Setup ...............................................................................................80
7.4 Introduction to VLANs ......................................................................................82
7.5 Switch Setup Screen .......................................................................................83
7.6 IP Setup ..........................................................................................................85
7.6.1 Management IP Addresses ......................................................................85
7.7 Port Setup .......................................................................................................88
Chapter 8
VLAN ....................................................................................................................... 93
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN ..................................................93
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames ..............................................93
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration ...........................................................................94
8.2.1 GARP ........................................................................................................94
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers .................................................................................94
8.2.2 GVRP ........................................................................................................94
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking .........................................................................................95
8.4 Select the VLAN Type .......................................................................................95
8.5 Static VLAN ........................................................................................................96
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status ....................................................................................96
8.5.2 Static VLAN Details ...................................................................................97
8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN ........................................................................98
8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings .............................................................100
8.6 Protocol Based VLANs ....................................................................................103
8.7 Configuring Protocol Based VLAN .................................................................103
8.8 Create an IP-based VLAN Example .................................................................105
8.9 Port-based VLAN Setup ..............................................................................106
8.9.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN ................................................................106
Chapter 9
Static MAC Forwarding.........................................................................................111
9.1 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ............................................................ 111
Chapter 10
Filtering ................................................................................................................. 113
10.1 Configure a Filtering Rule ........................................................................... 113
Chapter 11
Spanning Tree Protocol ....................................................................................... 115
11.1 STP/RSTP Overview .................................................................................... 115
Table of Contents 13
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
11.1.1 STP Terminology ..................................................................................115
11.1.2 How STP Works ................................................................................... 116
11.1.3 STP Port States ...................................................................................116
11.1.4 Multiple RSTP ..................................................................................... 117
11.2 Spanning Tree Protocol Main Screen ............................................................117
11.3 Configure Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol .................................................... 118
11.4 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status .......................................................121
11.5 Configure Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol .......................................122
11.6 Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status .........................................125
Chapter 12
Bandwidth Control ............................................................................................... 127
12.1 Bandwidth Control Overview ........................................................................127
12.1.1 CIR and PIR ..........................................................................................127
12.2 Bandwidth Control Setup ...............................................................................127
Chapter 13
Broadcast Storm Control..................................................................................... 131
13.1 Broadcast Storm Control Setup .....................................................................131
Chapter 14
Mirroring ............................................................................................................... 135
14.1 Port Mirroring Setup ......................................................................................135
Chapter 15
Link Aggregation.................................................................................................. 139
15.1 Link Aggregation Overview ...........................................................................139
15.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation ...........................................................................139
15.2.1 Link Aggregation ID .............................................................................140
15.3 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status .....................................................140
15.4 Link Aggregation Setup ................................................................................141
Chapter 16
Port Authentication.............................................................................................. 145
16.1 Port Authentication Overview ........................................................................145
16.1.1 RADIUS ...............................................................................................145
16.1.1.1 Vendor Specific Attribute .............................................................145
16.1.1.2 Tunnel Protocol Attribute .............................................................146
16.2 Port Authentication Configuration ..................................................................146
16.2.1 Configuring RADIUS Server Settings ................................................147
16.2.2 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security ...........................................................148
14 Table of Contents
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Chapter 17
Port Security......................................................................................................... 151
17.1 About Port Security .......................................................................................151
17.2 Port Security Setup ........................................................................................151
Chapter 18
Classifier ............................................................................................................... 155
18.1 About the Classifier and QoS .........................................................................155
18.2 Configuring the Classifier ..............................................................................155
18.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration .................................................158
18.4 Classifier Example .........................................................................................159
Chapter 19
Policy Rule............................................................................................................ 161
19.1 Policy Rules Overview ..................................................................................161
19.1.1 DiffServ .................................................................................................161
19.1.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ...............................................................161
19.2 Configuring Policy Rules ................................................................................162
19.3 Viewing and Editing Policy Configuration .......................................................164
19.4 Policy Example ...............................................................................................165
Chapter 20
Queuing Method................................................................................................... 167
20.1 Queuing Method Overview ............................................................................167
20.1.1 Strictly Priority .......................................................................................167
20.1.2 Weighted Fair Scheduling .....................................................................167
20.1.3 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ..........................................168
20.2 Configuring Queuing ......................................................................................168
Chapter 21
VLAN Stacking...................................................................................................... 171
21.1 VLAN Stacking Overview ..............................................................................171
21.1.1 VLAN Stacking Example .......................................................................171
21.2 VLAN Stacking Port Roles .............................................................................172
21.3 VLAN Tag Format ...........................................................................................172
21.3.1 Frame Format .......................................................................................173
21.4 Configuring VLAN Stacking ............................................................................174
Chapter 22
Multicast................................................................................................................ 177
22.1 Multicast Overview ........................................................................................177
22.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses .........................................................................177
22.1.2 IGMP Filtering .......................................................................................177
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ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
22.1.3 IGMP Snooping ...................................................................................177
22.2 Multicast Status .............................................................................................178
22.3 Multicast Setting ............................................................................................178
22.4 IGMP Filtering Profile ....................................................................................181
22.5 MVR Overview ..............................................................................................183
22.5.1 Types of MVR Ports ..............................................................................183
22.5.2 MVR Modes ..........................................................................................183
22.5.3 How MVR Works ..................................................................................184
22.6 General MVR Configuration ...........................................................................184
22.7 MVR Group Configuration .............................................................................187
22.7.1 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................188
Chapter 23
DHCP Relay .......................................................................................................... 191
23.1 DHCP Relay Overview .................................................................................191
23.1.1 DHCP Relay Agent Information ............................................................191
23.2 DHCP Relay Configuration ............................................................................191
Chapter 24
Static Route .......................................................................................................... 193
24.1 Configuring Static Route ...............................................................................193
Chapter 25
DiffServ Code Point ............................................................................................. 195
25.1 DiffServ Overview ........................................................................................195
25.2 Enable DiffServ ..............................................................................................195
25.3 Configure DSCP Setting ...............................................................................197
Chapter 26
Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 199
26.1 The Maintenance Screen .............................................................................199
26.2 Load Factory Default .....................................................................................200
26.3 Save Configuration .........................................................................................201
26.4 Reboot System ...............................................................................................201
26.5 Firmware Upgrade ......................................................................................202
26.6 Restore a Configuration File .......................................................................202
26.7 Backup a Configuration File ........................................................................203
26.8 FTP Command Line .......................................................................................204
26.8.1 Filename Conventions .........................................................................204
26.8.1.1 Example FTP Commands ...........................................................204
26.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ...........................................................204
26.8.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .........................................................................205
26.8.4 FTP Restrictions ..................................................................................205
16 Table of Contents
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Chapter 27
Access Control..................................................................................................... 207
27.1 Access Control Overview ...........................................................................207
27.2 The Access Control Main Screen ...................................................................207
27.3 About SNMP ................................................................................................208
27.3.1 Supported MIBs ..................................................................................209
27.3.2 SNMP Traps .......................................................................................209
27.3.3 Configuring SNMP ...............................................................................210
27.3.4 Setting Up Login Accounts ................................................................210
27.4 SSH Overview ................................................................................................212
27.5 How SSH works .............................................................................................212
27.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch ................................................................213
27.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH ................................................................214
27.7 Introduction to HTTPS ....................................................................................214
27.8 HTTPS Example ............................................................................................215
27.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ...................................................215
27.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages ...............................................215
27.8.3 The Main Screen ..................................................................................216
27.9 Service Port Access Control .......................................................................217
27.10 Remote Management ..............................................................................218
Chapter 28
Diagnostic............................................................................................................. 221
28.1 Diagnostic .....................................................................................................221
Chapter 29
Syslog ................................................................................................................... 223
29.1 Syslog Overview ............................................................................................223
29.2 Syslog Setup .................................................................................................223
29.3 Syslog Server Setup .....................................................................................224
Chapter 30
Cluster Management............................................................................................ 227
30.1 Cluster Management Status Overview ..........................................................227
30.2 Cluster Management Status ..........................................................................228
30.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ..................................................229
30.2.1.1 Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch .....................230
30.3 Clustering Management Configuration .........................................................231
Chapter 31
MAC Table ............................................................................................................. 235
31.1 MAC Table Overview .....................................................................................235
31.2 Viewing the MAC Table .................................................................................236
Table of Contents 17
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Chapter 32
ARP Table.............................................................................................................. 237
32.1 ARP Table Overview .....................................................................................237
32.1.1 How ARP Works ...................................................................................237
32.2 Viewing the ARP Table ..................................................................................237
Chapter 33
Configure Clone ................................................................................................... 239
33.1 Configure Clone ............................................................................................239
Chapter 34
Introducing Commands...................................................................................... 241
34.1 Overview ........................................................................................................241
34.2 Accessing the CLI ..........................................................................................241
34.2.1 The Console Port ..................................................................................241
34.3 The Login Screen ..........................................................................................242
34.4 Command Syntax Conventions ......................................................................242
34.5 Changing the Password .................................................................................243
34.6 Privilege Levels ..............................................................................................243
34.7 Command Modes ...........................................................................................244
34.8 Getting Help ...................................................................................................245
34.8.1 List of Available Commands .................................................................246
34.9 Using Command History ................................................................................247
34.10 Saving Your Configuration ............................................................................247
34.10.1 Switch Configuration File ....................................................................247
34.10.2 Logging Out ........................................................................................248
34.11 Command Summary ....................................................................................248
34.11.1 User Mode ..........................................................................................248
34.11.2 Enable Mode .......................................................................................249
34.11.3 General Configuration Mode ...............................................................254
34.11.4 interface port-channel Commands ......................................................267
34.11.5 config-vlan Commands .......................................................................271
34.11.6 mvr Commands ...................................................................................272
34.2.1.1 Initial Screen ...............................................................................242
Chapter 35
User and Enable Mode Commands ................................................................... 275
35.1 Overview ........................................................................................................275
35.2 show Commands ...........................................................................................275
35.2.1 show system-information .....................................................................275
35.2.2 show ip ..................................................................................................276
35.2.3 show logging ........................................................................................276
35.2.4 show interface ......................................................................................276
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ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
35.2.5 show mac address-table ......................................................................277
35.3 ping ...............................................................................................................278
35.4 traceroute .......................................................................................................278
35.5 Copy Port Attributes .......................................................................................279
35.6 Configuration File Maintenance ....................................................................280
35.6.1 Using a Different Configuration File ......................................................280
35.6.2 Resetting to the Factory Default ...........................................................281
Chapter 36
Configuration Mode Commands......................................................................... 283
36.1 Enabling IGMP Snooping ...............................................................................283
36.2 Configure IGMP Filter ....................................................................................284
36.3 Enabling STP .................................................................................................285
36.4 no Command Examples .................................................................................287
36.4.1 Disable Commands .............................................................................287
36.4.2 Resetting Commands ...........................................................................287
36.4.3 Re-enable commands ...........................................................................287
36.4.4 Other Examples of no Commands ........................................................288
36.4.4.1 no trunk .......................................................................................288
36.4.4.2 no port-access-authenticator .......................................................289
36.4.4.3 no ssh ..........................................................................................289
36.5 Queuing Method Commands .........................................................................290
36.6 Static Route Commands ................................................................................290
36.7 Enabling MAC Filtering ..................................................................................291
36.8 Enabling Trunking ..........................................................................................292
36.9 Enabling Port Authentication ..........................................................................293
36.9.1 RADIUS Server Settings .......................................................................293
36.9.2 Port Authentication Settings .................................................................294
Chapter 37
Interface Commands............................................................................................ 297
37.1 Overview ........................................................................................................297
37.2 Interface Command Examples .......................................................................297
37.2.1 interface port-channel ..........................................................................297
37.2.2 bpdu-control .........................................................................................297
37.2.3 broadcast-limit .....................................................................................298
37.2.4 bandwidth-limit .....................................................................................298
37.2.5 mirror ...................................................................................................299
37.2.6 gvrp ......................................................................................................300
37.2.7 ingress-check .......................................................................................300
37.2.8 frame-type ............................................................................................301
37.2.9 weight ..................................................................................................301
37.2.10 egress set ..........................................................................................302
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37.2.11 qos priority ..........................................................................................302
37.2.12 name ...................................................................................................303
37.2.13 speed-duplex ......................................................................................303
37.2.14 test ......................................................................................................303
37.3 Interface no Command Examples ..................................................................304
37.3.1 no bandwidth-limit .................................................................................304
Chapter 38
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ............................................................. 305
38.1 Configuring Tagged VLAN ..............................................................................305
38.2 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands .............................306
38.2.1 GARP Status .........................................................................................306
38.2.2 GARP Timer ........................................................................................306
38.2.3 GVRP Timer .........................................................................................307
38.2.4 Enable GVRP .......................................................................................307
38.2.5 Disable GVRP .......................................................................................307
38.3 Port VLAN Commands ...................................................................................307
38.3.1 Set Port VID .........................................................................................308
38.3.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type .................................................................308
38.3.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP ...............................................................308
38.3.4 Modify Static VLAN ..............................................................................309
38.3.5 Delete VLAN ID ....................................................................................310
38.4 Enable VLAN .................................................................................................310
38.5 Disable VLAN ................................................................................................. 311
38.6 Show VLAN Setting .......................................................................................311
38.3.4.1 Modify a Static VLAN Table Example ..........................................309
38.3.4.2 Forwarding Process Example .....................................................309
Chapter 39
Multicast VLAN Registration Commands .......................................................... 313
39.1 Overview ........................................................................................................313
39.2 Create Multicast VLAN .................................................................................313
Chapter 40
Troubleshooting ................................................................................................... 315
40.1 Problems Starting Up the Switch ....................................................................315
40.2 Problems Accessing the Switch .....................................................................315
40.2.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ..........................316
40.2.1.1 Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers ..............................................316
40.2.1.2 JavaScripts ..................................................................................319
40.2.1.3 Java Permissions ........................................................................321
40.3 Problems with the Password ..........................................................................323
20 Table of Contents
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Appendix A
Product Specifications ........................................................................................ 325
Appendix B
IP Addresses and Subnetting ............................................................................. 329
Index...................................................................................................................... 337
Table of Contents 21
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22 Table of Contents
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide

List of Figures

Figure 1 Backbone Application ............................................................................. 39
Figure 2 Bridging Application ............................................................................... 39
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Application ................................................. 40
Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application .................................................................. 41
Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ..................................................... 41
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet ........................................................................... 43
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets ............................................................ 44
Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ............................................................. 45
Figure 9 Front Panel: ES-3124 ............................................................................ 47
Figure 10 Front Panel: ES-3124-4F ..................................................................... 47
Figure 11 Front Panel: ES-3124PWR .................................................................. 48
Figure 12 Front Panel: ES-3124F ........................................................................ 48
Figure 13 Transceiver Installation Example .......................................................... 51
Figure 14 Installed Transceiver ............................................................................ 51
Figure 15 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ........................................... 51
Figure 16 Transceiver Removal Example ............................................................. 51
Figure 17 Rear Panel (AC models) ....................................................................... 52
Figure 18 Rear Panel (DC models) ....................................................................... 52
Figure 19 Web Configurator: Login ....................................................................... 56
Figure 20 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .............................................. 56
Figure 21 Change Administrator Login Password ................................................. 61
Figure 22 Example Xmodem Upload ..................................................................... 63
Figure 23 Reload the Configuration file: Via Console Port ................................... 63
Figure 24 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port .......................................... 64
Figure 25 Web Configurator: Logout Screen ........................................................ 64
Figure 26 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ................................................... 65
Figure 27 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID .............................................. 67
Figure 28 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address ................................... 67
Figure 29 Status (ES-3124PWR) .......................................................................... 70
Figure 30 Status (ES-3124-4F) ............................................................................. 70
Figure 31 Status: Port Details (ES-3124PWR) ...................................................... 72
Figure 32 Status: Port Details (ES-3124-4F) ......................................................... 73
Figure 33 System Info (ES-3124PWR) ................................................................. 78
Figure 34 System Info (ES-3124-4F) .................................................................... 79
Figure 35 General Setup ....................................................................................... 81
Figure 36 Switch Setup ......................................................................................... 83
Figure 37 IP Setup ................................................................................................ 86
Figure 38 Port Setup (ES-3124PWR) ................................................................... 89
List of Figures 23
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Figure 39 Port Setup (ES-3124 and ES-3124-4F) ................................................ 90
Figure 40 Port Setup (ES-3124F) ......................................................................... 91
Figure 41 Port VLAN Trunking .............................................................................. 95
Figure 42 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type .......................................................... 96
Figure 43 VLAN: VLAN Status .............................................................................. 96
Figure 44 Static VLAN Details ................................................................................ 97
Figure 45 VLAN: Static VLAN .............................................................................. 99
Figure 46 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ..................................................................... 101
Figure 47 Protocol Based VLAN Application Example .......................................... 103
Figure 48 Protocol Based VLAN ........................................................................... 104
Figure 49 Protocol Based VLAN Configuration Example ...................................... 105
Figure 50 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) .............................................. 107
Figure 51 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ............................................... 108
Figure 52 Static MAC Forwarding ......................................................................... 111
Figure 53 Filtering ................................................................................................. 113
Figure 54 MRSTP Network Example .................................................................... 117
Figure 55 Spanning Tree Protocol RSTP and MRSTP .......................................... 118
Figure 56 RSTP: Configuration ............................................................................. 119
Figure 57 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol: Status .................................................. 121
Figure 58 MRSTP: Configuration .......................................................................... 123
Figure 59 MRSTP: Status ..................................................................................... 125
Figure 60 Bandwidth Control ................................................................................. 128
Figure 61 Broadcast Storm Control ....................................................................... 132
Figure 62 Mirroring ................................................................................................ 136
Figure 63 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................ 140
Figure 64 Link Aggregation: Configuration ............................................................ 142
Figure 65 RADIUS Server .................................................................................... 145
Figure 66 Port Authentication ................................................................................ 147
Figure 67 Port Authentication: RADIUS ................................................................ 147
Figure 68 Port Authentication: 802.1x ................................................................... 148
Figure 69 Port Security ......................................................................................... 152
Figure 70 Classifier ................................................................................................ 156
Figure 71 Classifier: Summary Table ..................................................................... 158
Figure 72 Classifier: Example ................................................................................ 160
Figure 73 Policy ..................................................................................................... 162
Figure 74 Policy: Summary Table .......................................................................... 164
Figure 75 Policy Example ...................................................................................... 166
Figure 76 Queuing Method ................................................................................... 169
Figure 77 VLAN Stacking Example ....................................................................... 172
Figure 78 VLAN Stacking ...................................................................................... 174
Figure 79 Multicast Status. ..................................................................................... 178
Figure 80 Multicast Setting ..................................................................................... 179
Figure 81 Multicast: IGMP Filtering Profile ............................................................ 182
24 List of Figures
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Figure 82 MVR Network Example ......................................................................... 183
Figure 83 MVR Multicast Television Example ....................................................... 184
Figure 84 MVR ...................................................................................................... 185
Figure 85 MVR: Group Configuration .................................................................... 187
Figure 86 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................. 188
Figure 87 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................. 189
Figure 88 MVR Group Configuration Example ..................................................... 190
Figure 89 MVR Group Configuration Example ...................................................... 190
Figure 90 DHCP Relay ........................................................................................... 192
Figure 91 Static Routing ........................................................................................ 193
Figure 92 DiffServ ................................................................................................. 196
Figure 93 DiffServ ................................................................................................. 198
Figure 94 Maintenance ........................................................................................ 199
Figure 95 Load Factory Default: Start ................................................................... 200
Figure 96 Load Factory Default: Start ................................................................... 200
Figure 97 Close Browser after Load Factory Defaults ........................................... 201
Figure 98 Reboot System: Confirmation ............................................................... 201
Figure 99 Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................... 202
Figure 100 Restore Configuration ......................................................................... 203
Figure 101 Backup Configuration .......................................................................... 203
Figure 102 Access Control .................................................................................... 207
Figure 103 SNMP Management Model ................................................................ 208
Figure 104 Access Control: SNMP ....................................................................... 210
Figure 105 Access Control: Logins ....................................................................... 211
Figure 106 SSH Communication Example ............................................................. 212
Figure 107 How SSH Works .................................................................................. 213
Figure 108 HTTPS Implementation ........................................................................ 214
Figure 109 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ....................................... 215
Figure 110 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) .......................................................... 216
Figure 111 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) .......................................................... 216
Figure 112 Example: Lock Denoting a Secure Connection .................................... 217
Figure 113 Access Control: Service Access Control ............................................. 218
Figure 114 Access Control: Remote Management ............................................... 219
Figure 115 Diagnostic ........................................................................................... 221
Figure 116 Syslog ................................................................................................. 224
Figure 117 Syslog: Server Setup .......................................................................... 225
Figure 118 Clustering Application Example .......................................................... 228
Figure 119 Cluster Management: Status ............................................................... 229
Figure 120 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen ...... 230
Figure 121 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch ............... 231
Figure 122 Clustering Management Configuration .............................................. 232
Figure 123 MAC Table Flowchart .......................................................................... 235
Figure 124 MAC Table .......................................................................................... 236
List of Figures 25
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Figure 125 ARP Table ........................................................................................... 238
Figure 126 Configure Clone .................................................................................. 239
Figure 127 no port-access-authenticator Command Example .............................. 289
Figure 128 Pop-up Blocker .................................................................................... 316
Figure 129 Internet Options .................................................................................. 317
Figure 130 Internet Options ................................................................................... 318
Figure 131 Pop-up Blocker Settings ...................................................................... 319
Figure 132 Internet Options ................................................................................... 320
Figure 133 Security Settings - Java Scripting ........................................................ 321
Figure 134 Security Settings - Java ....................................................................... 322
Figure 135 Java (Sun) ............................................................................................ 323
26 List of Figures
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide

List of Tables

Table 1 Model-specific Features ........................................................................... 33
Table 2 Panel Connections ................................................................................... 48
Table 3 LEDs ......................................................................................................... 53
Table 4 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview ....................................................... 57
Table 5 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details ............................................. 58
Table 6 Navigation Panel Links ............................................................................. 59
Table 7 Status ........................................................................................................ 71
Table 8 Status: Port Details ................................................................................... 73
Table 9 System Info ............................................................................................... 79
Table 10 General Setup ........................................................................................ 81
Table 11 Switch Setup ........................................................................................... 83
Table 12 IP Setup .................................................................................................. 87
Table 13 Port Setup ............................................................................................... 91
Table 14 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology ............................................................ 94
Table 15 VLAN: VLAN Status ................................................................................ 96
Table 16 Static VLAN Details ................................................................................ 97
Table 17 VLAN: Static VLAN ................................................................................. 100
Table 18 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ....................................................................... 102
Table 19 Protocol Based VLAN Setup .................................................................. 104
Table 20 Port Based VLAN Setup ......................................................................... 109
Table 21 Static MAC Forwarding ........................................................................... 112
Table 22 FIltering ................................................................................................... 113
Table 23 STP Path Costs ...................................................................................... 115
Table 24 STP Port States ...................................................................................... 116
Table 25 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status .............................................................. 118
Table 26 RSTP: Configuration ............................................................................... 120
Table 27 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol: Status .................................................... 121
Table 28 MRSTP: Configuration ............................................................................ 124
Table 29 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status .............................................................. 125
Table 30 Bandwidth Control .................................................................................. 128
Table 31 Broadcast Storm Control ........................................................................ 133
Table 32 Mirroring ................................................................................................. 137
Table 33 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch .......................................................... 140
Table 34 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ........................................................... 140
Table 35 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................... 141
Table 36 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration .................................. 143
Table 37 Supported VSA ....................................................................................... 146
Table 38 Supported Tunnel Protocol Attribute ....................................................... 146
List of Tables 27
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Table 39 Port Authentication: RADIUS .................................................................. 147
Table 40 Port Authentication: 802.1x .................................................................... 149
Table 41 Port Security ........................................................................................... 152
Table 42 Classifier ................................................................................................. 156
Table 43 Classifier: Summary Table ...................................................................... 158
Table 44 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Number ..................................... 158
Table 45 Common IP Ports ................................................................................... 159
Table 46 Policy ...................................................................................................... 163
Table 47 Policy: Summary Table ........................................................................... 165
Table 48 Queuing Method ..................................................................................... 170
Table 49 VLAN Tag Format ................................................................................... 172
Table 50 Single and Double Tagged 802.11Q Frame Format ............................... 173
Table 51 802.1Q Frame ........................................................................................ 173
Table 52 VLAN Stacking ........................................................................................ 175
Table 53 Multicast Status ...................................................................................... 178
Table 54 Multicast Setting ..................................................................................... 180
Table 55 Multicast: IGMP Filtering Profile ............................................................. 182
Table 56 MVR ........................................................................................................ 186
Table 57 MVR: Group Configuration ..................................................................... 187
Table 58 DHCP Relay ........................................................................................... 192
Table 59 Static Routing ......................................................................................... 193
Table 60 Static Routing ......................................................................................... 197
Table 61 Static Routing ......................................................................................... 198
Table 62 Maintenance ........................................................................................... 199
Table 63 Filename Conventions ............................................................................ 204
Table 64 General Commands for GUI-based FTP Clients .................................... 205
Table 65 Access Control Overview ....................................................................... 207
Table 66 SNMP Commands .................................................................................. 208
Table 67 SNMP Traps ........................................................................................... 209
Table 68 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................... 210
Table 69 Access Control: Logins ........................................................................... 211
Table 70 Access Control: Service Access Control ................................................ 218
Table 71 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................... 219
Table 72 Diagnostic ............................................................................................... 221
Table 73 Syslog Severity Levels ........................................................................... 223
Table 74 Syslog ..................................................................................................... 224
Table 75 Syslog: Server Setup .............................................................................. 225
Table 76 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications ....................................... 227
Table 77 Cluster Management: Status .................................................................. 229
Table 78 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ............................................... 231
Table 79 Clustering Management Configuration ................................................... 232
Table 80 MAC Table .............................................................................................. 236
Table 81 ARP Table ............................................................................................... 238
28 List of Tables
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Table 82 Configure Clone ...................................................................................... 240
Table 83 Command Interpreter Mode Summary ................................................... 244
Table 84 Command Summary: User Mode .......................................................... 248
Table 85 Command Summary: Enable Mode ....................................................... 249
Table 86 Command Summary: Configuration Mode ............................................. 254
Table 87 interface port-channel Commands ......................................................... 267
Table 88 Command Summary: config-vlan Commands ........................................ 271
Table 89 mvr Commands ...................................................................................... 272
Table 90 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch .......................................... 315
Table 91 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch ................................................... 315
Table 92 Troubleshooting the Password ............................................................... 323
Table 93 General Product Specifications .............................................................. 325
Table 94 Management Specifications .................................................................... 326
Table 95 Physical and Environmental Specifications ............................................ 327
Table 96 Classes of IP Addresses ........................................................................ 330
Table 97 Allowed IP Address Range By Class ...................................................... 330
Table 98 “Natural” Masks ..................................................................................... 331
Table 99 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation .......................................................... 331
Table 100 Two Subnets Example .......................................................................... 332
Table 101 Subnet 1 ............................................................................................... 332
Table 102 Subnet 2 ............................................................................................... 333
Table 103 Subnet 1 ............................................................................................... 333
Table 104 Subnet 2 ............................................................................................... 334
Table 105 Subnet 3 ............................................................................................... 334
Table 106 Subnet 4 ............................................................................................... 334
Table 107 Eight Subnets ....................................................................................... 335
Table 108 Class C Subnet Planning ...................................................................... 335
Table 109 Class B Subnet Planning ...................................................................... 336
List of Tables 29
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
30 List of Tables
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide

Preface

Congratulations on your purchase of the ES-3124 Series Intelligent Layer 2+ Switch.
This preface introduces you to the switch and discusses the conventions of this User’s Guide. It also provides information on other related documentation.
About This User's Guide
This manual is designed to guide you through the installation and configuration of your switch for its various applications.
Related Documentation
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary information.
• ZyXEL Web Site
Please go to http://www.zyxel.com for product news, firmware, updated documents, and other support materials.
Syntax Conventions
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters. “Select” or “Choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.
• Command and arrow keys are enclosed in square brackets. carriage return key;
• Mouse action sequences are denoted using a comma. For example, “In Windows, click Start, Settings and then Control Panel” means first click the Start button, then point your mouse pointer to Settings and then click Control Panel.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.
• The ES-3124 Series Intelligent Layer 2+ Switch may be referred to as “the switch” or “the device” in this User’s Guide.
• The ES-3124PWR may be referred to as the “PWR model”.
[ESC] means the Escape key and [SPACE BAR] means the Space Bar.
[ENTER] means the Enter, or
Preface 31
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Graphics Icons Key
switch Computer Server
Computer DSLAM Gateway
Central Office/ ISP Internet Hub/Switch
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. E-mail all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for improvement to techwriters@zyxel.com.tw or send regular mail to The Technical Writing Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. Thank you.
32 Preface

Getting to Know Your Switch

This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the switch.

1.1 Introduction

This User’s Guide covers the following switch models: ES-3124, ES-3124-4F, ES-3124-PWR and ES-3124F. The following table lists features that are specific to the individual models. The other features discussed in this chapter are common to all of the models covered in this User’s Guide.
Note: See the product specifications in the appendix for detailed features and
standards support.
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 1
Table 1 Model-specific Features
FEATURE
2 RJ-45 Gigabit ports for stacking XXX
2 Mini-GBIC ports for stacking XX
24 Fast Ethernet SFP Slots X
IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet compliant Ethernet Ports
With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the switch is easy. In addition, the switch can also be managed via Telnet, any terminal emulator program on the console port, or third-party SNMP management.

1.2 Software Features

This section describes the general software features of the switch.
DHCP Client
MODEL
ES-3124 ES-3124-4F ES-3124PWR ES-3124F
X
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual computers to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the switch as a DHCP client to obtain TCP/IP information (such as the IP address and subnet mask) from a DHCP server. If you disable the DHCP service, you must manually enter the TCP/IP information.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 33
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
VLAN
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
Queuing
Queuing is used to help solve performance degradation when there is network congestion. Three scheduling services are supported: Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ), Weighted Round Robin (WRR) and Weighted Fair Schedule (WFS). This allows the switch to maintain separate queues for packets from each individual source or flow and prevent a source from monopolizing the bandwidth.
Port Mirroring
Port mirroring allows you to copy traffic going from one or all ports to another or all ports in order that you can examine the traffic from the mirror port (the port you copy the traffic to) without interference.
Static Route
Static routes tell the switch how to forward IP traffic when you configure the TCP/IP parameters manually.
IGMP Snooping
The switch supports IGMP snooping enabling group multicast traffic to be only forwarded to ports that are members of that group; thus allowing you to significantly reduce multicast traffic passing through your switch.
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR)
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR) is designed for applications (such as Media-on-Demand (MoD)) using multicast traffic across a network. MVR allows one single multicast VLAN to be shared among different subscriber VLANs on the network.
This improves bandwidth utilization by reducing multicast traffic in the subscriber VLANs and simplifies multicast group management.
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) / RSTP (Rapid STP)
(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches, bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.
The switch allows you to create multiple STP configurations and assign ports to a specific tree.
34 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Link Aggregation
Link aggregation (trunking) is the grouping of physical ports into one logical higher-capacity link. You may want to trunk ports if for example, it is cheaper to use multiple lower-speed links than to under-utilize a high-speed, but more costly, single-port link.
Port Authentication and Security
For security, the switch allows authentication using IEEE 802.1x with an external RADIUS server and port security that allows only packets with dynamically learned MAC addresses and/or configured static MAC addresses to pass through a port on the switch.
VLAN Stacking
Use VLAN stacking to add an outer VLAN tag to the inner IEEE 802.1Q tagged frames that enter the network. By tagging the tagged frames (“double-tagged” frames), the service provider can manage up to 4,094 VLAN groups with each group containing up to 4,094 customer VLANs. This allows a service provider to provide different service, based on specific VLANs, for many different customers.
Differentiated Services (DiffServ)
With DiffServ, the switch marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic flow.
Classifier and Policy
You can create a policy to define actions to be performed on a traffic flow grouped by a classifier according to specific criteria such as the IP address, port number or protocol type, etc.
Cluster Management
Cluster Management allows you to manage switches through one switch, called the cluster manager. The switches must be directly connected and be in the same VLAN group so as to be able to communicate with one another using same cluster management implementation.
Maintenance and Management Features
• Access Control
You can specify the service(s) and computer IP address(es) to control access to the switch for management.
• Cluster Management
Cluster management (also known as iStacking) allows you to manage switches through one switch, called the cluster manager. The switches must be directly connected and be in the same VLAN group so as to be able to communicate with one another.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 35
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
• Configuration and Firmware Maintenance
You can backup or restore the switch configuration or upgrade the firmware on the switch.
IP Protocols
• IP Host (No routing)
• Telnet for configuration and monitoring
• SNMP for management
SNMP MIB II (RFC 1213)
SNMP v1 RFC 1157
SNMPv2, SNMPv2c or later version, compliant with RFC 2011 SNMPv2 MIB for IP, RFC 2012 SNMPv2 MIB for TCP, RFC 2013 SNMPv2 MIB for UDP
Ethernet MIBs RFC 1643
Bridge MIBs RFC 1493
SMI RFC 1155
RMON RFC 1757
SNMPv2, SNMPv2c RFC 2674
System Monitoring
• System status (link status, rates, statistics counters)
•SNMP
• Temperatures, voltage, fan speed reports and alarms
• Port Mirroring allows you to analyze one port's traffic from another.
Security
• System management password protection
• Port-based VLAN
• IEEE 802.1Q VLAN
• 802.1x Authentication
• Limit dynamic port MAC address learning
• Static MAC address filtering
Bandwidth Control
• The switch supports rate limiting in 64 Kbps increments allowing you to create different service plans.
• The switch supports IGMP snooping enabling group multicast traffic to be only forwarded to ports that are members of that group; thus allowing you to significantly reduce multicast traffic passing through your switch.
• Broadcast storm control
36 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Quality of Service
• Eight queues so you can ensure mission-critical data gets delivered on time.
• Follows the IEEE 802.1p priority setting standard based on source/destination MAC addresses.

1.3 Hardware Features

This section describes the hardware features of the switch.
24 10/100 Mbps Fast Ethernet Ports
Connect up to 24 computers or switches to the 10/100 Mbps auto-negotiating, automatic cable sensing (auto-MDIX) Ethernet RJ-45 ports.
24 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet SFP Slots
In the ES-3124F, you can install compatible 100 Mbps SFP transceivers in these 100Mbps slots to connect up to 24 computers or switches.
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
PoE (Power over Ethernet)
The ES-3124PWR can provide power to a device (that supports PoE) such as an access point or a switch through a 10/100Mbps Ethernet port.
2 Dual-personality Interfaces
The switch has two dual personality interfaces for uplink. A dual personality interface includes one Gigabit port and one slot for mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module) with one port active at a time.
Mini-GBIC Slots
Install SFP transceivers in these slots to connect to other Ethernet switches at longer distances than the Ethernet port.
Gigabit Ethernet Ports
These ports allow the switch to connect to another WAN switch or daisy-chain to other switches.
Management Port
Connect a computer to this port for management purposes. You cannot access the network through this port.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 37
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Console Port
Use the console port for local management of the switch.
Backup Power Supply Port
Connect a backup power supply device to this port to ensure uninterrupted network connection in the event of a power failure.
Fans
The fans cool the switch sufficiently to allow reliable operation of the switch in even poorly ventilated rooms or basements.

1.4 Applications

This section shows a few examples of using the switch in various network environments.

1.4.1 Backbone Application

In this application, the switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can be expected in the near future.
The switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can connect computers directly to the switch’s port or connect other switches to the switch.
In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print servers etc.
38 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Figure 1 Backbone Application

1.4.2 Bridging Example

In this example application the switch connects different company departments (RD and Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server
and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed department servers via the switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the switch.
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Moreover, the switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to centralize multiple servers at a single location.
Figure 2 Bridging Application

1.4.3 High Performance Switched Example

The switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following example, use trunking to connect these two networks.
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 39
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The switch can provide the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely communicate with each other.
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Application

1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples

This section shows a workgroup and a shared server example using 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.
For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 8 on page 93.
1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example
Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.
40 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application
1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example
Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server, as shown in the following example. In this example, only ports that need access to the server need belong to VLAN 1. Ports can belong to other VLAN groups too.
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Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 41
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42 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Hardware Installation and
This chapter shows you how to install and connect the switch.

2.1 Freestanding Installation

1 Make sure the switch is clean and dry.
2 Set the switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the
switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.
3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the switch to allow air circulation and the
attachment of cables and the power cord.
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CHAPTER 2
Connection
4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.
5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the switch. These rubber feet help
protect the switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when stacking.
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet
Note: Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when
stacking.
For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the switch. This is especially important for enclosed rack installations.
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 43
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2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the installation steps.

2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements

• Two mounting brackets.
• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
Note: Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.
2.2.1.1 Precautions
• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it contains.
• Make sure the position of the switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.

2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch

1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the switch, lining up the four screw holes on
the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the switch.
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the switch.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the
switch.
4 You may now mount the switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.

2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the switch) on one side of the
rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the rack.
44 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the rack.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 45
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46 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the switch and shows you how to make the hardware connections.

3.1 Panel Connections

The figure below shows the front panel of the switch.
Figure 9 Front Panel: ES-3124
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CHAPTER 3

Hardware Overview

LEDs
Figure 10 Front Panel: ES-3124-4F
LEDs
10/100 Mbps Ethernet Ports
10/100 Mbps Ethernet Ports
RJ-45 Gigabit Ports for Stacking
Console Port
Management Port
RJ-45 Gigabit / Mini-GBIC Dual Personality Interfaces
Mini-GBIC Ports for Stacking
Console Port
Management Port
RJ-45 Gigabit / Mini-GBIC Dual Personality Interfaces
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 47
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Figure 11 Front Panel: ES-3124PWR
LEDs
10/100 Mbps PoE Ethernet Ports
Figure 12 Front Panel: ES-3124F
LEDs
100 Mbps SFP Slots
RJ-45 Gigabit Ports for Stacking
Console Port
Management Port
RJ-45 Gigabit / Mini-GBIC Dual Personality Interfaces
Mini-GBIC Ports for Stacking
Console Port
Management Port
RJ-45 Gigabit / Mini-GBIC Dual Personality Interfaces
The following table describes the ports on the panels.
Table 2 Panel Connections
CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
All Models
Console Port Only connect this port if you want to configure the switch using the command line
interface (CLI) via the console port.
Management Port
Dual Personality Interfaces
2 100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 Gigabit Ports
2 Mini­GBIC Ports
ES-3124, ES-3124-4F and ES-3124PWR
24 10/100 Mbps RJ-45 Ethernet Ports
Connect to a computer using an RJ-45 Ethernet cable for local configuration of the switch.
Each interface has one 1000 Base-T copper RJ-45 port and one Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) fiber port, with one port active at a time.
Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet switches.
Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optic connections to backbone Ethernet switches.
Connect these ports to a computer, a hub, an Ethernet switch or router.
48 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Table 2 Panel Connections (continued)
CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
ES-3124F
24 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet SFP Slots
ES-3124 and ES-3124PWR
2 100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 Gigabit Ports
ES-3124-4F and ES-3124F
2 Mini-GBIC Ports
ES-3124PWR
Power over Ethernet (PoE)

3.1.1 Console Port

ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Connect these ports to a computer or switch.
Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet switches or use them to daisy-chain other switches.
Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optic connections to backbone network Ethernet switches or use them to daisy-chain other switches.
The 24 10/100 Mbps RJ-45 Ethernet ports are compliant with the IEEE 802.3af power over Ethernet standard.
For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured to the following parameters:
• VT100 terminal emulation
• 9600 bps
• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
• No flow control
Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the switch. Connect the female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.

3.1.2 Ethernet Ports

The switch has 24 10/100Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Ethernet ports. In 10/ 100Mbps Fast Ethernet, the speed can be 10Mbps or 100Mbps and the duplex mode can be half duplex or full duplex.
The ES-3124 and ES-3124PWR also come with two pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have priority over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini­GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled. The speed of the Gigabit Ethernet ports can be 100Mbps or 1000Mbps and the duplex mode can be half duplex (at 100 Mbps) or full duplex.
An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed and duplex mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.
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An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or crossover Ethernet cable.
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings
The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the switch are:
• Speed: Auto
• Duplex: Auto
• Flow control: Off

3.1.3 Transceiver Slots

These are slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers or 100Mbps SFP (Small Form-Factor Pluggable) transceivers. A transceiver is a single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. The switch does not come with transceivers. You must use transceivers that comply with the SFP Transceiver MultiSource Agreement (MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i specification Rev 1.0 for details.
There are two pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have priority over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.
The ES-3124-4F and ES-3124F also have two mini-GBIC ports for connection to other switches.
The ES-3124F has 24 100Mbps SFP ports to connect to a computer or a switch.
You can change transceivers while the switch is operating. You can use different transceivers to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.
• Type: SFP connection interface
• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)
Note: To avoid possible eye injury, do not look into an operating fiber-optic module’s
connectors.
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation
Use the following steps to install a mini GBIC transceiver or 100Mbps SFP transceivers.
1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.
50 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
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Figure 13 Transceiver Installation Example
2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
3 The switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that
it is functioning properly.
Figure 14 Installed Transceiver
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal
Use the following steps to remove a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
Figure 15 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example
2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
Figure 16 Transceiver Removal Example
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3.2 Rear Panel

The following figure shows the rear panel of the switch. The rear panel contains the connector for external backup power supply (BPS), the power receptacle, and the power switch (DC models only).
Figure 17 Rear Panel (AC models)
Figure 18 Rear Panel (DC models)

3.2.1 Power Connector

Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.
To connect the power to the switch, insert the female end of power cord to the power receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to the power source. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.

3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector

The switch supports external backup power supply (BPS).
The backup power supply constantly monitors the status of the internal power supply. The backup power supply automatically provides power to the switch in the event of a power failure. Once the switch receives power from the backup power supply, it will not automatically switch back to using the internal power supply even when the power is resumed.
52 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

3.3 LEDs

The following table describes the LEDs.
Table 3 LEDs
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
BPS Green Blinking The system is receiving power from the backup power supply.
PWR Green On The system is turned on.
SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.
ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.
Ethernet ports (ES-3124 and ES-3124-4F only)
LNK/ACT Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 10 Mbps Ethernet
FDX Amber On The Gigabit port is negotiating in full-duplex mode.
Ethernet ports (ES-3124PWR only)
LNK/ACT Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 10 Mbps Ethernet
PoE Amber On The switch is supplying power to the connected device that
100Mbps SFP ports (ES-3124F only)
LNK Amber On The port has a successful connection.
ACT Amber Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data.
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
On The backup power supply is connected and active.
Off The backup power supply is not ready or not active.
Amber Blinking The system cannot get power from the backup power supply.
Off The system is off.
On The system is on and functioning properly.
Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.
Off The system is functioning normally.
network.
Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 100 Mbps Ethernet
network.
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
Off The Gigabit port is negotiating in half-duplex mode and no
collisions are occurring.
network.
On The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 100 Mbps Ethernet
network.
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
supports PoE.
Off No device is connected to this port or the switch is not supplying
power via the Ethernet cable.
Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port.
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Table 3 LEDs (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Gigabit Port
LNK/ACT Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 1000 Mbps
Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 100 Mbps Ethernet
FDX Amber On The Gigabit port is negotiating in full-duplex mode.
Mini-GBIC Ports
LNK Green On The port has a successful connection.
ACT Green Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data.
MGMT
10 Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
100 Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
Ethernet network.
On The link to a 1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
network.
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
Off The Gigabit port is negotiating in half-duplex mode and no
collisions are occurring.
Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port.
On The port is connected at 10 Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 10 Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
On The port is connected at 100 Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 100 Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
54 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator. This guide uses the ES-3124PWR screens as an example. The screens may vary slightly for different ES­3124 models. Not all fields are available on all models.

4.1 Introduction

The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy switch setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
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CHAPTER 4

The Web Configurator

• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).

4.2 System Login

1 Start your web browser.
2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the switch (for example, the default for the
management port is 192.168.0.1 and for the switch port is 192.168.1.1) in the Location or Address field. Press
3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default
password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.
[ENTER].
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Figure 19 Web Configurator: Login
4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.

4.3 The Status Screen

The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.
The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.
Figure 20 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)
A
B
C
D
E
A - Click the menu items to open submenu links, and then click on a submenu link to open the screen in the main window.
56 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
B, C, D, E - These are quick links which allow you to perform certain tasks no matter which screen you are currently working in.
B - Click this link to save your configuration into the switch’s nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory is the configuration of your switch that stays the same even if the switch’s power is turned off.
C - Click this link to go to the status page of the switch.
D - Click this link to logout of the web configurator.
E - Click this link to display web help pages. The help pages provide descriptions for all of the
configuration screens.

4.4 Menu Overview

In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Table 4 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview
BASIC SETTING
ADVANCED APPLICATION
ROUTING PROTOCOL MANAGEMENT
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 57
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The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.
Table 5 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details
BASIC SETTING
System Info General Setup Switch Setup IP Setup Port Setup
ADVANCED APPLICATION
VLAN
VLAN Status VLAN Port Setting Protocol Based
VLAN
Static VLAN Static MAC Forwarding Filtering Spanning Tree Protocol
Status
Configuration Bandwidth Control Broadcast Storm
Control Mirroring Link Aggregation
Status
Configuration Link Aggregation
Status
Configuration Port Authentication
RADIUS
802.1x Port Security Classifier Policy Rule Queuing Method VLAN Stacking Multicast
Multicast Status Multicast Setting IGMP Filtering
Profile MVR
DHCP Relay
ROUTING PROTOCOL MANAGEMENT
Static Routing DiffServ
DiffServ Setting DSCP Setting
Maintenance
Firmware Upgrade Restore
Configuration Backup
Configuration Load Factory Default Reboot System
Access Control
SNMP Logins Service Access
Control Remote
Management Diagnostic Syslog
Setup
Server Setup Cluster Management
Status
Configuration MAC Table ARP Table Configure Clone
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The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.
Table 6 Navigation Panel Links
LINK DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings
System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware
monitoring information.
General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification
Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global switch parameters such
IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the management IP
Port Setup This link takes you to screens where you can configure settings for individual switch
Advanced Application
VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q VLAN
Static MAC Forwarding
Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.
Spanning Tree Protocol
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm Control
Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports to
Link Aggregation This link takes you to a screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to
Port Authentication
Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate maximum port security
Classifier This link takes you to a screen where you can configure classifiers.
Policy Rule This link takes you to a screen where you can configure policy rules.
Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure strictly priority or weighted
VLAN Stacking This link takes you to a screen where you can configure VLAN stacking.
Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure various multicast features
DHCP Relay This link takes you to a screen where you can configure DHCP relay information
information about the switch.
as VLAN type, MAC address learning, GARP and priority queues.
address, subnet mask (necessary for switch management) and DNS (domain name server).
ports.
(depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu).
This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses for a port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.
This link takes you to screens where you can configure the STP/RSTP to prevent network loops.
This link takes you to screens where you can cap the maximum incoming bandwidth allowed on specified port(s).
This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.
another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without interference
form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service), a protocol for user authentication that allows you to use an external server to validate an unlimited number of users.
through the use of configured static MAC addresses.
fair scheduling with associated queue weights for each port.
and create multicast VLANs.
and specify the DHCP server(s).
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Table 6 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
Routing Protocol
Static Routing This link takes you to screens where you can configure static routes. A static route
DiffServ This link takes you to screens where you can configure DiffServ and DSCP settings.
Management
Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration
Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password
Diagnostic This link takes you to screens where you can view system logs and test port(s).
Syslog This link takes you to screens where you can setup system logs and a system log
Cluster Management
MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses (and types)
ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses – IP
Configure Clone This link takes you to a screen where you can clone port attributes of a port and
defines how the switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP parameters manually.
file maintenance as well as reboot the system.
and configure SNMP and remote management.
server.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management and view its status.
of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
address resolution table.
transfer them to other port(s).

4.4.1 Change Your Password

After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator password. Click Management, Access Control and then Logins to display the next screen.
60 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Figure 21 Change Administrator Login Password
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide

4.5 Saving Your Configuration

When you are done modifying the settings in a screen, click Apply to save your changes back to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the switch’s power is turned off.
Click the Save link in the upper right hand corner of the web configurator to save your configuration to nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory refers to the switch’s storage that remains even if the switch’s power is turned off.
Note: Use the Save link when you are done with a configuration session.

4.6 Switch Lockout

You could block yourself (and all others) from accessing the switch through the web configurator if you do one of the following:
1 Deleting the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).
2 Deleting all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the
management port of the switch.
3 Filtering all traffic to the CPU port.
4 Disabling all ports.
5 Misconfiguring the text configuration file.
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6 Forgetting the password and/or IP address.
7 Preventing all services from accessing the switch.
8 Changing a service port number but forgetting it.
Note: Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the switch.
Try using the out-of-band management port before resetting the switch. The default IP address is 192.168.0.1.

4.7 Resetting the Switch

If you lock yourself (and others) out of the switch, you can try using out-of-band management. If you still cannot correct the situation or forgot the password, you will need to reload the factory-default configuration file.

4.7.1 Reload the Configuration File

Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and the IP address to 192.168.1.1.
To upload the configuration file, do the following:
1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See
Section 3.1.1 on page 49 for details.
2 Disconnect and reconnect the switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect the
switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.
3 When you see the message “
seconds ...
4 Type
5 Wait for the “
6 This is an example Xmodem configuration upload using HyperTerminal. Click Transfer,
atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.
upload on your terminal.
then Send File to display the following screen.
” press any key to enter debug mode.
Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM
Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3
62 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Figure 22 Example Xmodem Upload
Type the configuration file's location, or click Browse to search for it.
Choose the 1K Xmodem protocol.
Then click Send.
7 After a configuration file upload, type atgo to restart the switch.
Figure 23 Reload the Configuration file: Via Console Port
Bootbase Version: V0.6 | 03/06/2006 09:21:13 RAM:Size = 32 Mbytes DRAM POST: Testing: 32768K OK DRAM Test SUCCESS ! FLASH: Intel 32M
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
ZyNOS Version: 3.70(AID.0)b0 | 4/28/2006 17:27:36
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.
.................................
Enter Debug Mode
switch> atlc
Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC Total 262144 bytes received. Erasing..
................................................................
OK switch> atgo
The switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default password of “1234”.

4.7.2 Reset to the Factory Defaults

To reset the switch back to the factory defaults, do the following:
1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See the
chapter on hardware connections for details.
2 Disconnect and reconnect the switch's power to begin a session. When you reconnect the
switch's power, you will see the initial screen.
3 When you see the message "
seconds
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 63
" press any key to enter debug mode.
Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
4 Type atbr after the "Enter Debug Mode" message.
Figure 24 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port
Bootbase Version: V0.6 | 03/06/2006 09:21:13 RAM:Size = 32 Mbytes DRAM POST: Testing: 32768K OK DRAM Test SUCCESS ! FLASH: Intel 32M
ZyNOS Version: 3.70(AID.0)b0 | 4/28/2006 17:27:36
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.
.................................
Enter Debug Mode
switch> atbr Restore default
Romfile.........................................................
..........OK
switch> atgo
5 After the resetting, type atgo to restart the switch.

4.8 Logging Out of the Web Configurator

Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session both for security reasons and so as you don’t lock out other switch administrators.
Figure 25 Web Configurator: Logout Screen

4.9 Help

The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some supplementary information.
Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that screen.
64 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
This chapter shows how to set up the switch for an example network.

5.1 Overview

The following lists the configuration steps for the initial setup:
• Create a VLAN
• Set port VLAN ID
• Configure the switch IP management address
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CHAPTER 5

Initial Setup Example

5.1.1 Creating a VLAN

VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.
In this example, you want to configure port 1 as a member of VLAN 2.
Figure 26 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 65
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1 Click Advanced Application and VLAN in the navigation panel and click the Static
VLAN link.
2 In the Static VLAN screen, select
ACTIVE, enter a descriptive name in the Name field and enter 2 in the VLAN Group ID field for the VLAN2 network.
Note: The VLAN Group ID field in
this screen and the VID field in the IP Setup screen refer to the same VLAN ID.
3 Since the VLAN2 network is connected to port 1 on the switch, select Fixed to configure
port 1 to be a permanent member of the VLAN only.
4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware devices (such as computers and hubs) can receive frames
properly, clear the TX Tagging check box to set the switch to remove VLAN tags before sending.
5 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory
are lost when the switch’s power is turned off.

5.1.2 Setting Port VID

Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 1 so that any untagged frames received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.
66 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
Figure 27 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID
1 Click Advanced Applications
and VLAN in the navigation panel. Then click the VLAN Port Setting link.
2 Enter 2 in the PVID field for port
1 and click Apply to save your changes back to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the switch’s power is turned off.
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide

5.2 Configuring Switch Management IP Address

The default management IP address of the switch is 192.168.1.1. You can configure another IP address in a different subnet for management purposes. The following figure shows an example.
Figure 28 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address
1 Connect your computer to any Ethernet port on the switch. Make sure your computer is
in the same subnet as the switch.
2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.1.1 (the default IP address) in the address bar
to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 55 for more information.
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3 Click Basic Setting and IP
Setup in the navigation panel.
4 Configure the related fields in the
IP Setup screen.
For the VLAN2 network, enter
192.168.2.1 as the IP address and
255.255.255.0 as the subnet mask.
5 In the VID field, enter the ID of
the VLAN group to which you want this management IP address to belong. This is the same as the VLAN ID you configure in the Static VLAN screen.
6 Select the Manageable check
box to allow the switch to be managed from the ports belonging to VLAN2 using this specified IP address.
Click Add to save your changes back to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the switch’s power is turned off.
68 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
System Status and Port
This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details screens.

6.1 Port Status Summary

The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary table with links to each port showing statistical details.
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 6
Statistics
To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Status screen as shown next.
Note: The ES-3124PWR screen is different from the other models covered in this UG.
The screen from the ES-3124-4F model is shown for comparison.
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Figure 29 Status (ES-3124PWR)
Figure 30 Status (ES-3124-4F)
70 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details
screen (refer to Figure 31 on page 72).
Name This is the name you assigned to this port in the Basic Setting, Port Setup screen.
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M
State If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the
PD (PWR models
only)
LACP This field displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has
Clear Counter Enter a port number and then click Clear Counter to erase the recorded statistical
for 1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half). It also shows the cable type (Copper or Fiber) for the mini-GBIC ports.
port (see Section 11.1.3 on page 116 for more information). If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
If PoE (Power over Ethernet) is enabled on a port and a powered device (PD) is connected, this field displays On.
If the PD is disconnected, or PoE is disabled on a port, this field displays Off.
enabled on the port.
been up.
information for that port, or select Any to clear statistics for all ports.

6.1.1 Status: Port Details

Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics. Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the switch.
Note: The ES-3124PWR screen is different from the other models covered in this
UG.The screen from ES-3124-4F model is shown for comparison.
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Figure 31 Status: Port Details (ES-3124PWR)
72 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
Figure 32 Status: Port Details (ES-3124-4F)
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 Status: Port Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Info
Name This field shows the name of the port.
Link This field shows whether the Ethernet connection is down, and the speed/duplex
mode. It also shows the cable type (Copper or Fiber) for the combo ports.
Status If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the port
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 73
(see Section 11.1.3 on page 116 for more information). If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Table 8 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
PD PowerConsumption (mW)
(PWR models only)
PD MaxCurrent (mA)
(PWR models only)
PD MaxPower (mW) (PWR models only)
LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.
Tx Packet The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.
TX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.
Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags transmitted.
Rx Packet The following fields display detailed information about packets received.
RX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.
Control This field shows the number of control received (including those with CRC error) but it
TX Collision The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.
Single This is a count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is inhibited by
Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission was inhibited
This field shows the power consumption of the powered device connected to the port. This field is not available for the Gigabit and mini-GBIC ports.
This field shows the maximum current a powered device can get from the switch. If the powered device’s power consumption exceeds the maximum power offered by the switch, the switch stops sending power.
The switch can provide up to 351.36mA current to one PD connected to each 10/ 100Mbps Ethernet port and up to a total of 123.2W power to all PDs connected to the switch.
This field is not available for the Gigabit and mini-GBIC ports.
This field shows the maximum power the switch can provide through this port. This field is not available for the Gigabit and mini-GBIC ports.
transmitted.
received.
does not include the 802.3x Pause frames.
exactly one collision.
by more than one collision.
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Table 8 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Excessive This is a count of frames for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.
Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the retransmission count is reset.
Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the
frame have already been transmitted.
Error Packet
RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check)
error(s).
Length This field shows the number of frames received with a length that was out of range.
Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64
octets), including the ones with CRC errors.
Distribution
64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64
octets in length.
65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
1024-1518 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the
between 65 and 127 octets in length.
between 128 and 255 octets in length.
between 256 and 511 octets in length.
between 512 and 1023 octets in length.
between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.
maximum frame size.
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76 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP Setup and Port Setup screens.

7.1 Overview

The System Info screen displays general switch information (such as firmware version number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen allows you to configure general switch identification information. The General Setup screen also allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your switch. The real time is then displayed in the switch logs. The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global switch features. The IP Setup screen allows you to configure a switch IP address, subnet mask(s) and DNS (domain name server) for management purposes.
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 7

Basic Setting

7.2 System Information

In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting and System Info to display the screen as shown. You can check the firmware version number and monitor the switch temperature, fan speeds and voltage in this screen.
Note: The ES-3124PWR screen is different from the other models covered in this UG.
The screen from the ES-3124-4F model is shown for comparison.
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Figure 33 System Info (ES-3124PWR)
78 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 34 System Info (ES-3124-4F)
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 System Info
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the switch for identification purposes.
ZyNOS F/W Version
Ethernet Address
PoE Status (this section is available on the PWR models only)
Total Power (W)
Consuming Power (W)
Remaining Power (W)
Hardware Monitor
Temperature Unit
Temperature MAC, CPU and PHY refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the switch’s
Current This field displays the current temperature measured at this sensor.
This field displays the version number of the switch 's current firmware including the date created.
This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the switch.
This is the total power in Watts the switch can provide over the Ethernet.
This is the power consumed by PoE compatible devices connected to the switch.
This is the remaining power in Watts the switch can provide over the Ethernet.
The switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit (Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.
printed circuit board. ENV refers to the environmental or ambient temperature within the device (PWR models only).
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Table 9 System Info (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.
MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.
Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.
Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those
Fan speed (RPM)
Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).
MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.
Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error
Voltage (V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
Current This is the current voltage reading.
MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.
MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.
Threshold This field displays the minimum voltage at which the switch should work.
Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this
above.
A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.
(RPM).
(RPM). "<41" is displayed for speeds too small to measure (under 2000 RPM).
indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.
reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.
point; otherwise Error is displayed.

7.3 General Setup

Use this screen to configure general settings such as the system name and time. Click Basic Setting and General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
80 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 35 General Setup
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 General Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to
64 printable characters; spaces are allowed.
Location Enter the geographic location of your switch. You can use up to 32 printable ASCII
Contact Person's Name
Login Precedence
characters; spaces are not allowed.
Enter the name of the person in charge of this switch. You can use up to 32 printable ASCII characters; spaces are not allowed.
Use this drop-down list box to select which database the switch should use (first) to authenticate an administrator (user for switch management).
Configure the local user accounts in the Access Control Logins screen. The RADIUS is an external server. Before you specify the priority, make sure you have set up the corresponding database correctly first.
Select Local Only to have the switch just check the administrator accounts configured in the Access Control Logins screen.
Select Local then RADIUS to have the switch check the administrator accounts configured in the Access Control Logins screen. If the user name is not found, the switch then checks the user database on the specified RADIUS server. You need to configure Port Authentication Radius first.
Select RADIUS Only to have the switch just check the user database on the specified RADIUS server for a login username, password and the access privilege.
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Table 10 General Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Use Time Server when Bootup
Time Server IP Address
Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).
New Time (hh:min:ss)
Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.
New Date (yyyy­mm-dd)
Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Enter the time service protocol that your timeserver uses. Not all time servers support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to find a protocol that works. The main differences between them are the time format.
When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the switch displays the day, month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format it is recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time zone.
Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of seconds since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.
NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868). None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the
switch, the time and date will be reset to 1970-1-1 0:0.
Enter the IP address of your timeserver. The switch searches for the timeserver for up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen will appear locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.
Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears in the Current Time field after you click Apply.
Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in the Current Date field after you click Apply.
known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list box.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

7.4 Introduction to VLANs

A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast domain.
82 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Note: VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.
See Chapter 8 on page 93 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.

7.5 Switch Setup Screen

Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.
Figure 36 Switch Setup
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 11 Switch Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on
whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen. See Chapter 8 on page 93 for more information.
Bridge Control Protocol Transparency
MAC Address Learning
Chapter 7 Basic Setting 83
Select Active to allow the switch to handle bridging control protocols (STP for example). You also need to define how to treat a BPDU in the Port Setup screen.
MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Table 11 Switch Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC
GARP Timer: Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See the chapter on VLAN setup for more background information.
Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each
Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.
Leave All Timer Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in
Priority Queue Assignment IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default priority of the ingress port. Use the next two fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue mapping.
The switch has eight physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the switch, traffic assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the network is congested.
Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be relearned).
port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and 65535 milliseconds; the default is 200 milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup for more background information.
Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger than Join Timer; the default is 600 milliseconds.
milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be larger than Leave Timer.
variations in delay).
Network Architecture) transactions.
important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.
84 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

7.6 IP Setup

Use the IP Setup screen to configure the default gateway device, the default domain name server and add switch IP address.

7.6.1 Management IP Addresses

The switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
You can configure up to 64 IP addresses which are used to access and manage the switch from the ports belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(s).
Note: You must configure a VLAN first.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting 85
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Figure 37 IP Setup
86 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 IP Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ES-3124 Series User’s Guide
Domain Name Server
Default Management
In-band Management IP Address
DHCP Client Select this option if you have a DHCP server that can assign the switch an IP address,
Stat ic IP Address
IP Address Enter the IP address of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example 192.168.1.1.
IP Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
VID Enter the VLAN identification number associated with the switch IP address. VID is the
Out-of-band Management IP Address
IP Address Enter the IP address of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example 192.168.0.1.
IP Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
In-band IP Addresses
IP Address Enter the IP address for managing the switch by the members of the VLAN specified in
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to use a domain name instead of an IP address.
Specify which traffic flow (In-Band or Out-of-band) the switch is to send packets originating from itself (such as SNMP traps) or packets with unknown source.
Select Out-of-band to have the switch send the packets to the out-of-band management port. This means that device(s) connected to the other port(s) do not receive these packets.
Select In-Band to have the switch send the packets to all ports except the out-of-band management port to which connected device(s) do not receive these packets.
subnet mask, a default gateway IP address and a domain name server IP address automatically.
Select this option if you don’t have a DHCP server or if you wish to assign static IP address information to the switch. You need to fill in the following fields when you select this option.
Enter the IP subnet mask of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example
255.255.255.0.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for example 192.168.1.254.
VLAN ID of the CPU and is used for management only. The default is "1". All ports, by default, are fixed members of this "management VLAN" in order to manage the device from any port. If a port is not a member of this VLAN, then users on that port cannot access the device. To access the switch make sure the port that you are connected to is a member of Management VLAN.
If you change this IP address, make sure the computer connected to this management port is in the same subnet before accessing the switch.
Enter the IP subnet mask of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example
255.255.255.0.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for example 192.168.0.254.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.
You can create up to 64 IP addresses which are used to access and manage the switch from the ports belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(s). You must configure a VLAN first.
the VID field below.
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Table 12 IP Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Subnet Mask
VID Type the VLAN group identification number.
Default Gateway
Manageable Select this option to allow the switch to be managed using this specified IP address.
Add Click Add to save the new rule to the switch’s run-time memory. It then displays in the
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Index This field displays the index number of an entry. Click an index number to edit the rule.
IP Address This field displays the IP address.
Subnet Mask This field displays the subnet mask.
VID This field displays the VLAN identification number of the network.
Default Gateway
Manageable This field displays whether the switch can be managed using the specified IP address.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
Enter the IP subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation.
summary table at the bottom of the screen.
This field displays the IP address of the default outgoing gateway.

7.7 Port Setup

Use this screen to configure switch port settings. Click Basic Setting and then Port Setup in the navigation panel to enter the port configuration screen.
Full-duplex mode operation only applies to point-to-point access (for example, when attaching the switch to a workstation, server, or another switch). When connecting to hubs, use a standard cascaded connection set at half-duplex operation.
Auto-negotiation regulates the speed and duplex of each port, based on the capability of both devices. When auto-negotiation is turned on, an Ethernet port on the ZyXEL switch negotiates with the peer automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer Ethernet port does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the ZyXEL switch determines the connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode. When the ZyXEL switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, an Ethernet port uses the preconfigured speed and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the settings of the peer Ethernet port are the same in order to connect.
88 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 38 Port Setup (ES-3124PWR)
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting 89
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Figure 39 Port Setup (ES-3124 and ES-3124-4F)
90 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 40 Port Setup (ES-3124F)
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 13 Port Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
Port This is the port index number.
Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A
port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.
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Table 13 Port Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Name Enter a descriptive name that identifies this port.
Type This field displays 10/100M for an Ethernet/Fast Ethernet connection, 100M for an
Speed/Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the Ethernet connection on this port.
Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer
802.1p Priority This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag.
BPDU Control Configure the way to treat BPDUs received on this port. You must activate bridging
PD (PWR models
only)
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Fast Ethernet connection and 10/100/1000M for Gigabit connections.
Choices are Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex, 100M/
Full Duplex and 1000M/Full Duplex (for Gigabit ports only).
Note: The connection type of an Fast Ethernet SFP port is fixed at
100M/Full Duplex.
Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends support. When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the switch negotiates with the peer automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer port does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the switch determines the connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode. When the switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the pre-configured speed and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.
memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.
The switch uses IEEE802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and backpressure flow control in half duplex mode.
IEEE802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port memory buffers fill.
Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision" signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to enable it.
See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 11 on page 83 for more information.
control protocol transparency in the Switch Setup screen first. Select Peer to process any BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) received on this port. Select Tun nel to forward BPDUs received on this port. Select Discard to drop any BPDU received on this port. Select Network to process a BPDU with no VLAN tag and forward a tagged BPDU.
This field is only available on the PWR models, but not available for the Gigabit or mini-GBIC ports.
A powered device (PD) is a device such as an access point or a switch, that supports PoE (Power over Ethernet) so that it can receive power from another device through a 10/100Mbps Ethernet port.
Select the check box to allow a powered device (connected to the port) to receive power from the switch.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.
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CHAPTER 8
The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs.

8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN

A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).

VLAN

The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 (212) VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN configurations are 4,094.
TPID 2 Bytes
User Priority 3 Bits
CFI 1 Bit
VLAN ID 12 bits

8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames

Each port on the switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the switch first decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the switch first decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
A broadcast frame (or a multicast frame for a multicast group that is known by the system) is duplicated only on ports that are members of the VID (except the ingress port itself), thus confining the broadcast to a specific domain.
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8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration

GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across switches.

8.2.1 GARP

GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and de­register attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific application, for example, GVRP.
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers
Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.

8.2.2 GVRP

GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this function to permit VLANs groups beyond the local switch.
Please refer to the following table for common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology.
Table 14 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology
VLAN PARAMETER TE RM DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.
VLAN Administrative Control
VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing
Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/
deregistration process.
Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.
Registration Forbidden
Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.
Untagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN don't tag all
Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the specified VLAN.
frames transmitted.
outgoing frames transmitted.
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Table 14 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology (continued)
VLAN PARAMETER TER M DESCRIPTION
VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that
Acceptable Frame Typ e
Ingress filtering If set, the switch discards incoming frames for VLANs

8.3 Port VLAN Trunking

Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.
Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2 (V1 and V2) on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN groups 1 and 2 on all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with unknown VLAN group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).
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this port received.
You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged incoming frames, just tagged incoming frames or just untagged incoming frames on a port.
that do not have this port as a member
Figure 41 Port VLAN Trunking

8.4 Select the VLAN Type

1 Select a VLAN type in the Switch Setup screen.
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Figure 42 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type

8.5 Static VLAN

Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be
• sent to a VLAN group as normal depends on its VLAN tag.
• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.
• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.
You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the specified VID.

8.5.1 Static VLAN Status

See Section 8.1 on page 93 for more information on Static VLAN. Click Advanced Application, VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status screen as shown
next.
Figure 43 VLAN: VLAN Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 VLAN: VLAN Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
The Number of VLAN
Index This is the VLAN index number. Click on this to view port settings for the specified
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This is the number of VLANs configured on the switch.
VLAN.
Table 15 VLAN: VLAN Status (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
screen.
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static
VLAN was set up.
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamic - using GVRP,
static - added as a permanent entry or other - added using Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).
Change Pages Click Previous or Next to show the previous/next screen if all status information
cannot be seen in one screen.

8.5.2 Static VLAN Details

Use this screen to view detailed port settings and status of the VLAN group. See Section 8.5
on page 96 for more information on static VLAN. Click on an index number in the VLAN
Status screen to display VLAN details.
Figure 44 Static VLAN Details
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 16 Static VLAN Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Status Click this to go to the VLAN Status screen.
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
screen.
Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is
marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN are marked as “–“.
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static
VLAN was set up.
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamic - using GVRP,
static - added as a permanent entry or other - added using Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).
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8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN

Use this screen to configure and view 802.1Q VLAN parameters for the switch. See Section
8.5 on page 96 for more information on static VLAN. To configure a static VLAN, click
Static VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the screen as shown next.
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Figure 45 VLAN: Static VLAN
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The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 17 VLAN: Static VLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings.
Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes.
VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this static entry; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.
Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is
Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames transmitted with
Add Click Add to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the
Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
the default selection. Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group. Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.
this VLAN Group ID.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.
VLAN settings.

8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings

Use the VLAN Port Setting screen to configure the static VLAN (IEEE 802.1Q) settings on a port. See Section 8.5 on page 96 for more information on static VLAN. Click the VLAN Port Setting link in the VLAN Status screen.
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