Yamaha XT250 Y 2008 Owner's manual

Read this manual carefully before operating this vehicle.
OWNER’S MANUAL
XT250Y
3C5-28199-21
Q
Read this manual carefully before operating this vehicle. This manual should stay with this vehicle if it is sold.

INTRODUCTION

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Welcome to the Yamaha world of motorcycling! As the owner of the XT250Y, you are benefiting from Yamaha’s vast experience and newest technology regarding the design and manufacture of high-quality products, which have earned Yamaha a reputation for dependability. Please take the time to read this manual thoroughly, so as to enjoy all advantages of your XT250Y. The Owner’s Manual does not only instruct you in how to operate, inspect and maintain your motorcycle, but also in how to safeguard yourself and others from trouble and injury. In addition, the many tips given in this manual will help keep your motorcycle in the best possible condition. If you have any further questions, do not hesitate to contact your Yamaha dealer. The Yamaha team wishes you many safe and pleasant rides. So, remember to put safety first! Yamaha continually seeks advancements in product design and quality. Therefore, while this manual contains the most cur­rent product information available at the time of printing, there may be minor discrepancies between your motorcycle and this manual. If there is any question concerning this manual, please consult a Yamaha dealer.
WARNING
Please read this manual carefully and completely before operating this motorcycle.
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IMPORTANT MANUAL INFORMATION

Particularly important information is distinguished in this manual by the following notations:
This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to alert you to potential personal injury hazards. Obey all safety messages that follow this symbol to avoid possible injury or death.
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WARNING
NOTICE
TIP
A WARNING indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
A NOTICE indicates special precautions that must be taken to avoid damage to the vehicle or other property.
A TIP provides key information to make procedures easier or clearer.
IMPORTANT MANUAL INFORMATION
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XT250Y
OWNER’S MANUAL
©2008 by Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.
1st edition, April 2008
All rights reserved.
Any reprinting or unauthorized use
without the written permission of
Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. is expressly prohibited.
Printed in Japan.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LOCATION OF IMPORTANT LABELS
SAFETY INFORMATION
DESCRIPTION
INSTRUMENT AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS
..............................................1-1
...................2-1
...................................3-1
Left view ...........................................3-1
Right view .........................................3-2
Controls and instruments..................3-3
........................................4-1
Main switch/steering lock .................4-1
Indicator lights .................................4-2
Multi-function display .......................4-3
Handlebar switches .........................4-4
Clutch lever ......................................4-5
Shift pedal ........................................4-5
Brake lever ......................................4-6
Brake pedal .....................................4-6
Fuel tank cap ...................................4-6
Fuel ..................................................4-7
Fuel cock .........................................4-8
Starter (choke) knob “1” .................4-9
Seat ...............................................4-10
Helmet holder ................................4-10
Adjusting the shock absorber
assembly ....................................4-11
Sidestand .......................................4-12
Ignition circuit cut-off system .........4-12
FOR YOUR SAFETY – PRE-OPERATION CHECKS
Pre-operation check list ................... 5-2
OPERATION AND IMPORTANT RIDING POINTS
Starting and warming up a cold
engine .......................................... 6-1
Starting a warm engine ...................6-2
Shifting ............................................ 6-2
Tips for reducing fuel
consumption ................................ 6-3
Engine break-in ............................... 6-3
Parking ............................................ 6-4
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENT
Owner’s tool kit ................................ 7-1
Periodic maintenance and lubrication
chart ............................................. 7-2
Removing and installing the cowling
and panels ...................................7-6
Checking the spark plug .................. 7-8
Engine oil and oil filter element .....7-10
Replacing the air filter element and
cleaning the check hose ............7-13
Adjusting the carburetor ................ 7-14
Adjusting the engine idling
speed ......................................... 7-14
Checking the throttle cable free
play ............................................ 7-15
.................................. 6-1
.................................... 7-1
.............. 5-1
Valve clearance ............................ 7-15
Tires .............................................. 7-16
Spoke wheels ............................... 7-17
Adjusting the clutch lever free
play ............................................ 7-18
Adjusting the brake lever free
play ............................................ 7-18
Adjusting the rear brake light
switch ......................................... 7-19
Checking the front and rear brake
pads ........................................... 7-19
Checking the brake fluid level ....... 7-20
Changing the brake fluid ............... 7-21
Drive chain slack ........................... 7-21
Cleaning and lubricating the drive
chain .......................................... 7-22
Checking and lubricating the
cables ........................................ 7-23
Checking and lubricating the throttle
grip and cable ............................ 7-23
Checking and lubricating the brake
and shift pedals ......................... 7-24
Checking and lubricating the brake
and clutch levers ........................ 7-24
Checking and lubricating the
sidestand ................................... 7-25
Lubricating the rear suspension .... 7-25
Checking the front fork .................. 7-26
Checking the steering ................... 7-26
Checking the wheel bearings ........ 7-27
Battery ........................................... 7-27
Replacing the fuse ......................... 7-29
Replacing the headlight bulb .........7-29
Replacing the tail/brake light
bulb ............................................7-31
Replacing a turn signal light bulb ..7-31
Supporting the motorcycle ............. 7-32
Front wheel .................................... 7-33
Rear wheel ....................................7-33
Troubleshooting .............................7-35
Troubleshooting chart .................... 7-36
MOTORCYCLE CARE AND STORAGE
Matte color caution ..........................8-1
Care .................................................8-1
Storage ............................................8-3
...........................................8-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SPECIFICATIONS
CONSUMER INFORMATION
Identification numbers ...................10-1
Motorcycle noise regulation
(for Australia) ..............................10-2
..............................9-1
............10-1

LOCATION OF IMPORTANT LABELS

Read and understand all of the labels on your vehicle. They contain important information for safe and proper operation of your vehicle. Never remove any labels from your vehicle. If a label becomes difficult to read or comes off, a replacement label is available from your Yamaha dealer.
1
1 2
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1-1
LOCATION OF IMPORTANT LABELS
1
Before you operate this vehicle, read the owners manual.
Prima di usare il veicolo, leggete il manuale di istruzioni. Lire le manuel du propriétaire avant dutiliser ce véhicule. Lesen Sie die Bedienungsanleitung bevor Sie dieses Fahrzeug fahren. Antes de conducir este vehículo, lea el Manual del Propietario.
5RU-21568-01
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5
2
6
7
8
3TT-21668-00
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1-2
LOCATION OF IMPORTANT LABELS
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1-3
LOCATION OF IMPORTANT LABELS
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4AA-22259-40
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1-4

SAFETY INFORMATION

Be a Responsible Owner
As the vehicles owner, you are respon­sible for the safe and proper operation
1
of your motorcycle. Motorcycles are single-track vehicles.
2
Their safe use and operation are de­pendent upon the use of proper riding techniques as well as the expertise of the operator. Every operator should know the following requirements before riding this motorcycle. He or she should:
Obtain thorough instructions from
a competent source on all aspects
of motorcycle operation.
Observe the warnings and mainte-
nance requirements in this Own-
ers Manual.
Obtain qualified training in safe
and proper riding techniques.
Obtain professional technical ser-
vice as indicated in this Owner’s
Manual and/or when made neces-
sary by mechanical conditions.
Safe Riding
Perform the pre-operation checks each
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time you use the vehicle to make sure it is in safe operating condition. Failure to inspect or maintain the vehicle properly increases the possibility of an accident or equipment damage. See page 5-1 for a list of pre-operation checks.
This motorcycle is designed to car­ry the operator and a passenger.
The failure of motorists to detect and recognize motorcycles in traf­fic is the predominating cause of automobile/motorcycle accidents. Many accidents have been caused by an automobile driver who did not see the motorcycle. Making yourself conspicuous appears to be very effective in reducing the chance of this type of accident.
Therefore:
Wear a brightly colored jacket.
Use extra caution when you are approaching and passing through intersections, since in­tersections are the most likely places for motorcycle accidents to occur.
Ride where other motorists can see you. Avoid riding in another
2-1
motorists blind spot.
Many accidents involve inexperi­enced operators. In fact, many op­erators who have been involved in accidents do not even have a cur­rent motorcycle license.
Make sure that you are qualified and that you only lend your mo­torcycle to other qualified opera­tors.
Know your skills and limits. Staying within your limits may help you to avoid an accident.
We recommend that you prac­tice riding your motorcycle where there is no traffic until you have become thoroughly famil­iar with the motorcycle and all of its controls.
Many accidents have been caused by error of the motorcycle opera­tor. A typical error made by the op­erator is veering wide on a turn due to excessive speed or under­cornering (insufficient lean angle for the speed).
Always obey the speed limit and never travel faster than warrant-
SAFETY INFORMATION
ed by road and traffic conditions.
Always signal before turning or changing lanes. Make sure that other motorists can see you.
The posture of the operator and passenger is important for proper control.
The operator should keep both hands on the handlebar and both feet on the operator foot­rests during operation to main­tain control of the motorcycle.
The passenger should always hold onto the operator, the seat strap or grab bar, if equipped, with both hands and keep both feet on the passenger footrests. Never carry a passenger unless he or she can firmly place both feet on the passenger footrests.
Never ride under the influence of alcohol or other drugs.
Protective apparel
The majority of fatalities from motorcy­cle accidents are the result of head in­juries. The use of a safety helmet is the single most critical factor in the preven-
tion or reduction of head injuries.
Always wear an approved helmet.
Wear a face shield or goggles. Wind in your unprotected eyes could contribute to an impairment of vision that could delay seeing a hazard.
The use of a jacket, heavy boots, trousers, gloves, etc., is effective in preventing or reducing abrasions or lacerations.
Never wear loose-fitting clothes, otherwise they could catch on the control levers, footrests, or wheels and cause injury or an accident.
Always wear protective clothing that covers your legs, ankles, and feet. The engine or exhaust sys­tem become very hot during or af­ter operation and can cause burns.
A passenger should also observe the above precautions.
Avoid Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
All engine exhaust contains carbon monoxide, a deadly gas. Breathing car­bon monoxide can cause headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, confu-
sion, and eventually death. Carbon Monoxide is a colorless, odor­less, tasteless gas which may be present even if you do not see or smell any engine exhaust. Deadly levels of carbon monoxide can collect rapidly and you can quickly be overcome and unable to save yourself. Also, deadly levels of carbon monoxide can linger for hours or days in enclosed or poorly ventilated areas. If you experience any symptoms of carbon monoxide poison­ing, leave the area immediately, get fresh air, and SEEK MEDICAL TREAT­MENT.
Do not run engine indoors. Even if you try to ventilate engine exhaust with fans or open windows and doors, carbon monoxide can rap­idly reach dangerous levels.
Do not run engine in poorly venti­lated or partially enclosed areas such as barns, garages, or car­ports.
Do not run engine outdoors where engine exhaust can be drawn into a building through openings such as windows and doors.
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2
2-2
SAFETY INFORMATION
Loading
Adding accessories or cargo to your motorcycle can adversely affect stabili­ty and handling if the weight distribution
1
of the motorcycle is changed. To avoid the possibility of an accident, use ex­treme caution when adding cargo or
2
accessories to your motorcycle. Use extra care when riding a motorcycle that has added cargo or accessories. Here, along with the information about accessories below, are some general guidelines to follow if loading cargo to your motorcycle: The total weight of the operator, pas­senger, accessories and cargo must not exceed the maximum load limit.
Operation of an overloaded vehicle could cause an accident.
Maximum load:
160 kg (353 lb)
When loading within this weight limit, keep the following in mind:
Cargo and accessory weight
should be kept as low and close to
the motorcycle as possible. Se-
curely pack your heaviest items as
close to the center of the vehicle as possible and make sure to distrib­ute the weight as evenly as possi­ble on both sides of the motorcycle to minimize imbalance or instabili­ty.
Shifting weights can create a sud­den imbalance. Make sure that ac­cessories and cargo are securely attached to the motorcycle before riding. Check accessory mounts and cargo restraints frequently.
Properly adjust the suspension for your load, and check the con­dition and pressure of your tires.
Never attach any large or heavy items to the handlebar, front fork, or front fender. These items, including such cargo as sleeping bags, duffel bags, or tents, can create unstable han­dling or a slow steering re­sponse.
This vehicle is not designed to pull a trailer or to be attached to a sidecar.
Genuine Yamaha Accessories
Choosing accessories for your vehicle is an important decision. Genuine Yamaha accessories, which are avail­able only from a Yamaha dealer, have been designed, tested, and approved by Yamaha for use on your vehicle. Many companies with no connection to Yamaha manufacture parts and acces­sories or offer other modifications for Yamaha vehicles. Yamaha is not in a position to test the products that these aftermarket companies produce. Therefore, Yamaha can neither en­dorse nor recommend the use of ac­cessories not sold by Yamaha or modifications not specifically recom­mended by Yamaha, even if sold and installed by a Yamaha dealer.
Aftermarket Parts, Accessories, and Modifications
While you may find aftermarket prod­ucts similar in design and quality to genuine Yamaha accessories, recog­nize that some aftermarket accessories or modifications are not suitable be­cause of potential safety hazards to you
2-3
SAFETY INFORMATION
or others. Installing aftermarket prod­ucts or having other modifications per­formed to your vehicle that change any of the vehicles design or operation characteristics can put you and others at greater risk of serious injury or death. You are responsible for injuries related to changes in the vehicle. Keep the following guidelines in mind, as well as those provided under Load­ing when mounting accessories.
Never install accessories or carry cargo that would impair the perfor­mance of your motorcycle. Care­fully inspect the accessory before using it to make sure that it does not in any way reduce ground clearance or cornering clearance, limit suspension travel, steering travel or control operation, or ob­scure lights or reflectors.
Accessories fitted to the handle­bar or the front fork area can create instability due to improper weight distribution or aerody­namic changes. If accessories are added to the handlebar or front fork area, they must be as
lightweight as possible and should be kept to a minimum.
Bulky or large accessories may seriously affect the stability of the motorcycle due to aerody­namic effects. Wind may at­tempt to lift the motorcycle, or the motorcycle may become un­stable in cross winds. These ac­cessories may also cause instability when passing or being passed by large vehicles.
Certain accessories can dis­place the operator from his or her normal riding position. This improper position limits the free­dom of movement of the opera­tor and may limit control ability, therefore, such accessories are not recommended.
Use caution when adding electri­cal accessories. If electrical acces­sories exceed the capacity of the motorcycles electrical system, an electric failure could result, which could cause a dangerous loss of lights or engine power.
Aftermarket Tires and Rims
The tires and rims that came with your motorcycle were designed to match the performance capabilities and to provide the best combination of handling, brak­ing, and comfort. Other tires, rims, siz­es, and combinations may not be appropriate. Refer to page 7-16 for tire specifications and more information on replacing your tires.
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2-4

DESCRIPTION

Left view
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1. Fuel cock (page 4-8)
2. Starter (choke) knob (page 4-9)
9
3. Air filter element (page 7-13)
4. Helmet holder (page 4-10)
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1 2 43
3-1
Right view
DESCRIPTION
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12 3
2
3
4
5
6
7
1. Battery (page 7-27)
2. Fuse (page 7-29)
3. Owner’s tool kit (page 7-1)
4. Engine oil level check window (page 7-10)
5. Engine oil filler cap (page 7-10)
5
3-2
4
8
9
DESCRIPTION
Controls and instruments
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1. Clutch lever (page 4-5)
2. Left handlebar switches (page 4-4)
9
3. Indicator lights (page 4-2)
4. Main switch/steering lock (page 4-1)
5. Multi-function display (page 4-3)
6. Right handlebar switches (page 4-4)
7. Front brake lever (page 4-6)
8. Throttle grip (page 7-15)
12 6 83 5 7
4
9
9. Fuel tank cap (page 4-6)
3-3

INSTRUMENT AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS

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2
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Main switch/steering lock
The main switch/steering lock controls the ignition and lighting systems, and is used to lock the steering. The various positions are described below.
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ON
All electrical circuits are supplied with power, and the meter lighting and tail­light come on, and the engine can be started. The key cannot be removed.
TIP
The headlight comes on automatically when the engine is started and stays on until the key is turned to OFF, even if the engine stalls.
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OFF
All electrical systems are off. The key can be removed.
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WARNING
Never turn the key to “OFF” or “LOCK” while the vehicle is moving. Otherwise the electrical systems will be switched off, which may result in loss of control or an accident.
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LOCK
The steering is locked, and all electrical systems are off. The key can be re­moved.
To lock the steering
1. Push.
2. Turn.
1. Turn the handlebars all the way to the left or right.
2. Push the key in from the OFF po­sition, and then turn it to LOCK while still pushing it.
3. Remove the key.
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9
4-1
INSTRUMENT AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS
To unlock the steering
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1
2
2
3
1. Push.
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2. Turn.
1. Push the key into the main switch,
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6
7
8
9
and then turn it to OFF while still pushing it.
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Indicator lights
1 2
1. High beam indicator light “”
2. Turn signal indicator light “”
3. Neutral indicator light “”
Turn signal indicator light “
This indicator light flashes when the turn signal switch is pushed to the left or right.
Neutral indicator light “
This indicator light comes on when the transmission is in the neutral position.
3
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High beam indicator light “
This indicator light comes on when the high beam of the headlight is switched on.
4-2
INSTRUMENT AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS
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Multi-function display
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WARNING
Be sure to stop the vehicle before making any setting changes to the multi-function display. Changing settings while riding can distract the operator and increase the risk of an accident.
4
1
2
1. SELECT button
2. RESET button
3. Clock
4. Speedometer
3
1
1. Odometer/tripmeter (bottom)
2. Tripmeter (top)
2
The multi-function display is equipped with the following:
a speedometer (which shows the riding speed)
an odometer (which shows the to­tal distance traveled)
two tripmeters (which show the distance traveled since they were last set to zero)
a clock
TIP
Be sure to turn the key to ON be-
fore using the SELECT andRESET buttons. When the key is turned to ON, all
of the display segments of the
multi-function display will appear one after the other and then disap­pear, in order to test the electrical circuit.
Odometer, clock and tripmeter modes
Pushing the SELECT button switches the display between the odometer mode ODO and the tripmeter modes TRIP in the following order: ODO → TRIP (top) → TRIP (bottom)
ODO To reset a tripmeter, select it by push­ing the SELECT button until TRIP begins flashing (TRIP will only flash for five seconds). While TRIP is flash­ing, push the RESET button for at least one second.
Clock mode
To set the clock:
1. Push the SELECT button and RESET button together for at least two seconds.
2. When the hour digits start flashing, push the RESET button to set the hours.
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4
5
6
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8
9
4-3
INSTRUMENT AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS
1
2
3. Push the SELECT button, and the minute digits will start flashing.
4. Push the RESET button to set the minutes.
1
5. Push the SELECT button and then release it to start the clock.
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3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Handlebar switches
Left
1
2 3
1. Dimmer switch /
2. Turn signal switch /
3. Horn switch “”
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Right
1. Engine stop switch /
2. Start switch “”
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Dimmer switch “ /
Set this switch to “” for the high beam and to “” for the low beam.
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Turn signal switch “ /
To signal a right-hand turn, push this switch to “”. To signal a left-hand turn, push this switch to “”. When re- leased, the switch returns to the center position. To cancel the turn signal lights, push the switch in after it has re­turned to the center position.
4-4
INSTRUMENT AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS
1
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Horn switch “
Press this switch to sound the horn.
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Engine stop switch “ /
Set this switch to “” before starting the engine. Set this switch to “” to stop the engine in case of an emergen­cy, such as when the vehicle overturns or when the throttle cable is stuck.
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Start switch “
Push this switch to crank the engine with the starter. See page 6-1 for start­ing instructions prior to starting the en­gine.
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Clutch lever
1
1. Clutch lever
The clutch lever is located at the left handlebar grip. To disengage the clutch, pull the lever toward the handle­bar grip. To engage the clutch, release the lever. The lever should be pulled rapidly and released slowly for smooth clutch operation. The clutch lever is equipped with a clutch switch, which is part of the igni­tion circuit cut-off system. (See page 4-12.)
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Shift pedal
1. Shift pedal
The shift pedal is located on the left side of the engine and is used in com­bination with the clutch lever when shifting the gears of the 5-speed con­stant-mesh transmission equipped on this motorcycle.
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3
4
5
6
7
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9
4-5
INSTRUMENT AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS
1
2
Brake lever
1
2
3
4
1. Brake lever
The brake lever is located at the right
5
handlebar grip. To apply the front brake, pull the lever toward the handle-
6
bar grip.
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8
9
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1
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Brake pedal
1
1. Brake pedal
The brake pedal is on the right side of the motorcycle. To apply the rear brake, press down on the brake pedal.
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Fuel tank cap
To remove the fuel tank cap
1. Open the fuel tank cap lock cover.
2. Insert the key into the lock and turn it 1/4 turn clockwise. The lock will be released and the fuel tank cap can be removed.
1. Fuel tank cap lock cover
2. Unlock.
To install the fuel tank cap
1. Push and install the fuel tank cap into position with the key inserted in the lock.
2. Turn the key counterclockwise to the original position, and then re­move it.
4-6
TIP
1
2
The fuel tank cap cannot be installed unless the key is in the lock. In addition, the key cannot be removed if the cap is not properly installed and locked.
3. Close the lock cover.
WARNING
Make sure that the fuel tank cap is properly installed before riding. Leaking fuel is a fire hazard.
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INSTRUMENT AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS
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Fuel
Make sure there is sufficient gasoline in the tank.
WARNING
Gasoline and gasoline vapors are extremely flammable. To avoid fires and explosions and to reduce the risk of injury when refueling, follow these instructions.
1. Before refueling, turn off the en­gine and be sure that no one is sit­ting on the vehicle. Never refuel while smoking, or while in the vi­cinity of sparks, open flames, or other sources of ignition such as the pilot lights of water heaters and clothes dryers.
2. Do not overfill the fuel tank. Stop filling when the fuel reaches the bottom of the filler tube. Because fuel expands when it heats up, heat from the engine or the sun can cause fuel to spill out of the fuel tank.
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1. Fuel level
2. Fuel tank filler tube
3. Wipe up any spilled fuel immedi­ately.
NOTICE:
Immediately wipe off spilled fuel with a clean, dry, soft cloth, since fuel may deteri­orate painted surfaces or plastic parts.
[ECA10071]
4. Be sure to securely close the fuel tank cap.
WARNING
Gasoline is poisonous and can cause injury or death. Handle gaso­line with care. Never siphon gaso­line by mouth. If you should swallow some gasoline or inhale a lot of gas­oline vapor, or get some gasoline in
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9
4-7
INSTRUMENT AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS
1
your eyes, see your doctor immedi­ately. If gasoline spills on your skin, wash with soap and water. If gaso­line spills on your clothing, change
1
your clothes.
2
3
4
5
6
Recommended fuel:
UNLEADED GASOLINE ONLY
Fuel tank capacity:
9.8 L (2.59 US gal, 2.16 Imp.gal)
Fuel reserve amount:
1.9 L (0.50 US gal, 0.42 Imp.gal)
NOTICE
Use only unleaded gasoline. The use of leaded gasoline will cause severe
7
damage to internal engine parts, such as the valves and piston rings,
8
as well as to the exhaust system.
Your Yamaha engine has been de-
9
signed to use regular unleaded gaso­line with a research octane number of 91 or higher. If knocking (or pinging) oc­curs, use a gasoline of a different brand or premium unleaded fuel. Use of un-
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leaded fuel will extend spark plug life and reduce maintenance costs.
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Fuel cock
The fuel cock supplies fuel from the tank to the carburetor while filtering it al­so. The fuel cock has three positions:
OFF
1. Pointed end positioned under OFF
With the lever in this position, fuel will not flow. Always return the lever to this position when the engine is not running.
4-8
INSTRUMENT AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS
1
(a)
(b)
ON
1
1. Pointed end positioned over ON
With the lever in this position, fuel flows to the carburetor. Normal riding is done with the lever in this position.
RES
1
This indicates reserve. If you run out of fuel while riding, move the lever to this position. Fill the tank at the first oppor­tunity. Be sure to set the lever back to ON after refueling!
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Starter (choke) knob “
1. Starter (choke) knob “”
Starting a cold engine requires a richer air-fuel mixture, which is supplied by the starter (choke). Move the knob in direction (a) to turn on the starter (choke). Move the knob in direction (b) to turn off the starter (choke).
2
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4
5
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7
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9
1. Pointed end positioned over RES
4-9
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