Wavetek 3ST Operation Manual

OPERATION MANUAL

MODEL 3ST

SYSTEM SWEEP TRANSMITTER

This document contains information proprietary to
Wavetek. The information in this document
is not to be used or duplicated in any manner without
the prior approval, in writing, of Wavetek.

WavetekWavetek

Wavetek

WavetekWavetek
CATV Division

5808 Churchman Bypass
Indianapolis, IN 46203-6109
[phone]
[phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-Mail: [e-mail]
Internet: http://www.wavetek.com

11/96 Rev. I,
Manual Part No.
6510-00-0273

WARRANTY

Wavetek warrants that all Products manufactured or procured by Wavetek conform to
Wavetek’s published specifications and are free from defects in materials and workmanship
for a period of one (1) year from the date of delivery to the original Buyer, when used under
normal operating conditions and within the service conditions for which they were designed.
This warranty is not transferrable and does not apply to used or demonstration products.

The obligation of Wavetek arising from a Warranty claim shall be limited to repairing, or at
its option, replacing without charge, any assembly or component (except batteries) which in
Wavetek’s sole opinion proves to be defective within the scope of the Warranty. In the event
Wavetek is not able to modify, repair or replace nonconforming defective parts or components
to a condition as warranted within a reasonable time after receipt thereof, Buyers shall receive
credit in the amount of the original invoiced price of the product.

Wavetek must be notified in writing of the defect or nonconformity within the Warranty
period and the affected Product returned to Wavetek’s factory, designated Service Provider,
or Authorized Service Center within thirty (30) days after discovery of such defect or
nonconformity. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges and insurance for Products returned to
Wavetek or its designated Service Provider for warranty service. Wavetek or its designated
Service Provider shall pay costs for return of Products to Buyer.

Wavetek shall have no responsibility for any defect or damage caused by improper storage,
improper installation, unauthorized modification, misuse, neglect, inadequate maintenance,
accident or for any Product which has been repaired or altered by anyone other than Wavetek
or its authorized representative or not in accordance with instructions furnished by Wavetek.

The Warranty described above is Buyer’s sole and exclusive remedy and no other warranty,
whether written or oral, expressed or implied by statute or course of dealing shall apply.
Wavetek specifically disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose. No statement, representation, agreement, or understanding, oral or
written, made by an agent, distributor, or employee of Wavetek, which is not contained in the
foregoing Warranty will be binding upon Wavetek, unless made in writing and executed by
an authorized representative of Wavetek. Under no circumstances shall Wavetek be liable for
any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, expenses, or losses,
including loss of profits, based on contract, tort, or any other legal theory.

Extended Warranty Programs

Extended warranties and service contracts are available for new and currently owned
equipment for an additional cost. Contact the Customer Service Department (800 851-

1198) for details pertaining to extended warranties and service contracts.

Return Authorization Procedure

The customer MUST obtain a RETURN AUTHORIZATION NUMBER from the
Customer Service Department (800 851-1198) prior to returning any equipment for
warranty or non-warranty repair. Wavetek accepts no liability for any instrument or
subassembly returned to the factory without this number. Any correspondence regarding

returned instruments or subassemblies should be referenced to that number.

Contents

SECTION 1 - GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 1-1

1.2 SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................. 1-2

1.2.1 Frequency .................................................................... 1-2

1.2.2 Level Measurement ................................................... 1-2

1.2.3 Hum Measurement..................................................... 1-2

1.2.4 Carrier to Noise Measurement .................................. 1-3

1.2.5 Telemetry .................................................................... 1-3

1.2.6 Transmitter.................................................................. 1-4

1.2.7 Spectrum Mode........................................................... 1-4

1.2.8 Intermodulation Distortion ........................................ 1-4

1.2.9 Depth of Modulation .................................................. 1-5

1.2.10 Serial Interface .......................................................... 1-5

1.2.11 General....................................................................... 1-5

1.2.12 Powering .................................................................... 1-5

1.2.13 Standard Accessories................................................. 1-6

1.2.14 Options....................................................................... 1-6

1.2.15 Optional Accessories................................................. 1-6

SECTION 2 - INSTALLATION

2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 2-1

2.2 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION ................................... 2-1

2.3 INSTALLATION .................................................................. 2-1

2.4 WARRANTY INFORMATION .......................................... 2-2

2.5 POWER REQUIREMENTS ............................................... 2-3

2.6 CABLE SPECIFICATIONS ................................................ 2-3

2.7 TECHNICAL SUPPORT .................................................... 2-5

2.8 WORLDWIDE SALES OFFICES .....................................2-5

SECTION 3 - USER INTERFACE

3.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 3-1

3.2 FRONT-PANEL DESCRIPTION ................................... 3-1

3.2.1 Soft Keys ...................................................................... 3-1

3.2.2 Measurement Mode Selection Keys ......................... 3-2

3.2.3 Support Mode Selection Keys ................................... 3-4

3.2.4 Arrow Keys .................................................................. 3-4

3.2.5 Alpha-Numeric Entry Keys ....................................... 3-5

3.2.6 Printing ........................................................................ 3-6

SECTION 4 - OPERATION - HOW TO USE THE 3ST
TRANSMITTER

4.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................4-1

4.2 STEALTH SWEEP START-UP PROCEDURE ......... 4-1

4.3 SETUP.................................................................................. 4-4

4.3.1 General Setup............................................................. 4-5

4.3.2 Measurement Setup................................................... 4-8

4.3.3 How To Setup Your Channel Plan .......................... 4-10

4.3.4 How To Edit Channel Parameters .......................... 4-12

4.3.5 Sweep Transmitter ....................................................4-20

4.4 HOW TO PERFORM LEVEL MEASUREMENTS.... 4-22

4.5 HOW TO MEASURE TILT-BALANCING AN

AMPLIFIER ........................................................................4-24

4.6 SCAN MODE ......................................................................4-26

4.7 HOW TO MEASURE C/N ................................................4-30

4.8 HOW TO MEASURE HUM ............................................. 4-32

4.9 MODULATION ................................................................. 4-33

4.10 SPECTRUM ANALYZER MODE ................................ 4-34

4.11 SWEEP MODE ................................................................. 4-39

4.12 FILE.................................................................................... 4-40

4.12.1 How to Store/View/Delete Measurement Files ...4-40

4.13 AUTO .................................................................................4-42

4.13.1 How to Create/Edit/Delete Test Locations ......... 4-42

4.13.2 How to Perform an Auto Test ................................4-45

4.13.3 Viewing/Printing Auto Test Files .......................... 4-53

4.14 STATUS ............................................................................. 4-59

SECTION 5 - REVERSE SWEEP OPTION

5.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................5-1

5.1.1 Wavetek Stealth Reverse Sweep Concept ..............5-1

5.1.2 Basic Reverse Sweep Procedure .............................. 5-1

5.1.3 Interfacing With Different Network Architectures 5-2

5.2 HOW TO SETUP FOR REVERSE SWEEPING ......... 5-5

5.2.1 Enable or Disable Reverse Sweep ........................... 5-5

5.2.2 Select the Frequency of the Reverse Telemetry

Carrier .........................................................................5-6

5.2.3 Access Reverse Sweep Plans .................................... 5-6

5.2.4 Selecting a Reverse Sweep Plan .............................. 5-6

5.2.5 Creating a New Reverse Sweep Plan ...................... 5-7

5.2.6 Editing a Reverse Sweep Plan ................................. 5-10

APPENDIX A: STATUS INDICATORS ............................... A-1

APPENDIX B: USER MESSAGES ......................................... B-1

MODEL 3ST

SECTION 1 GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The Wavetek Sweep System Transmitter performs essential cable TV
system preventive maintenance tests with accuracy and ease. Signal
levels, hum, C/N, and frequency response can be quickly tested
without subscriber interference.

The Sweep System is made up of two components; the Sweep System
Receiver 3SR, and Sweep System Transmitter 3ST. The contents of
this manual will describe the care and operation of the Sweep System
Transmitter 3ST, including Reverse Sweep operation.

Sweep response is tested by injecting a low level signal in vacant
spectrum areas, and monitoring cable system carrier levels in occupied
spectrum areas. In addition to generating the sweep test signal, the
Transmitter 3ST continuously monitors the system carriers. The 3ST
sends headend level readings to the 3SR Receiver with every sweep
update. In this way, any headend level changes are compensated by
the receiver to maintain the utmost measurement accuracy.

Sweep response measurements won't be affected by signal levels
changing in the headend. The Transmitter 3ST has all of the mea­surement capability of the 3SR Receiver, so the Headend Technician
can keep an eye on headend levels.

With the Reverse Sweep option, a transmitter is built into the hand­held sweep receiver. The headend sweep transmitter (3ST) is set up
to receive the reverse sweep sent from the field. When a reverse
sweep is activated from a field test point, the headend transmitter
receives the telemetry signal that indicates which receiver is sending
the sweep. The headend transmitter measures the sweep, and sends
the results, along with the serial number of the sending receiver via its
telemetry signal to the field. The field receiver with the tagged serial
number then displays the sweep response as measured in the headend
on its LCD.

1-1

The 3ST Transmitter is a full-featured signal analysis meter, with a
complete spectrum display and an analog representation of single
channel measurement data. When tuned to a specific channel, a
comprehensive set of information is provided: tuned channel, video
frequency and level, audio frequency and level, the difference
between video and audio carrier levels.

The 3ST Transmitter is a standard 19" rack mount unit, that weighs
approximately fifteen pounds. Its 320 X 240 dot matrix LCD shows
measurement data in both graphical and numerical form.

1.2 SPECIFICATIONS

1.2.1 Frequency

Range: 5 to 1,000 MHz

Accuracy: + 10 ppm at 25°C; + 10 ppm drift over

temp.; + 3 ppm/year aging

Resolution Bandwidths: 30, 280 kHz (30 kHz for CSO)/CTB only)

Tuning Resolution: 10 kHz

Sweep Resolution: 250 kHz maximum

1.2.2 Level Measurement

Range: -40 to +60 dBmV

Resolution: 0.1 dB

Accuracy: + 1.0 dB from 0 to + 40°C (typical),

(relative to 25°C)

1.2.3 Hum Measurement

(carrier > 0 dBmV) Non-scrambled channels only

Range: 0 to 10%

1-2

Resolution: <0.2%

Accuracy: +0.7%

1.2.4 Carrier to Noise Measurement

Non-scrambled channels only. No preselection required for 78
channels at +10 dBmV input level.

Carrier to Noise Ratio

Depth of Measurement Charact eristics

60

Out of Measurement Range

50

40

30

20

Carrier to Noise Range

10

0

-10 0 10 14 24

+3.0 dB Accuracy

+2.0 dB Accuracy

Video Carri er Level (dBmV)

*Specified results with the measurement offset within 2 to 3 MHz
range above the video carrier.”

*

Resolution: 0.5 dB

Range 52 dB maximum

1.2.5 Telemetry

Frequency: User defined, 5 to 1,000 MHz

Modulation: FSK, 100 kHz deviation

Spectrum Required: »1 MHz recommended

1-3

1.2.6 Transmitter

Frequency Range: 5 to 1,000 MHz

Level Range: +20 to +50 dBmV

(1)

; settable in 2 dB

increments

Spectral Purity: Hars -30 dBc; Spurs -35 dBc

1.2.7 Spectrum Mode

Spans: 3, 5, 10, 20, and 50 MHz (0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, and

5 MHz/div)

Sweep Rates: 2 seconds (50 & 5 MHz)

Display Scaling
and Range: 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 dB/division; 6 vertical

divisions

Spurious Free
Dynamic Range: 60 dB (typical specifications)

1.2.8 Intermodulation Distortion

CSO / CTB Characteristics

60

Out of Measurement Range

50

40

30

preselection)

20

Depth of Measurement (dB)

10

(without preamplification / with

0

-20 -10 0 10 20 30

+3.0 dB Accuracy

+2.5 dB Accuracy

Video Signal Level (dBmV)

*

1-4

*Typical Specifications

Range: 60 dB maximum

Resolution: 1 dB

1.2.9 Depth of Modulation

Assumes presence of white reference on any VITS line. Non­scrambled channels only.

Range: 80 to 100%

Resolution: <0.5% at 85%

1.2.10 Serial Interface

Serial, RS232; Epson, IBM Printers

1.2.11 General

Log Linearity: +0.5 dB (typical)

Flatness: +0.5 dB @ 25 °C, @ 20 dBmV

Dimensions: Transmitter 3ST: 48.3 cm (W) x

13.3 cm (H) x 35.6 cm (D), 19" (W) x 5.25"
(H) x 14" (D)

Weight: Transmitter 3ST: 6.8 kg (15 lbs.)

Operating
Temperature Range: 0 to +50°C; 32 to 122°F

1.2.12 Powering

Frequency 47 to 63 Hz ~ 100 VA

Input Current: 1.2A @ 100 VAC.

0.5A @ 265 VAC.

1-5

Fuse 1.25 A, 250V 5X20mm SLO-BLO (2

required)

1.2.13 Standard Accessories

Line Cord
Channel Plan Transfer Cable
Operations Manual

1.2.14 Options

16/64 QAM Digital Carrier Power Measurement - Enables Stealth to
perform accurate level measurements on digital carriers.

1.2.15 Optional Accessories

1010-00-0342 Citizen PN60 (thermal fusion) Printer
1019-00-0457 Optional Battery for PN60 Printer
3010-59-0009 Citizen PN60 Printer Ribbons (2) (included with

printer)
1217-50-0159 Citizen PN60 Printer Cable (included with printer)
4010-00-0105 Charger/Adapter 120VAC to 18VDC
1019-00-0437 Charger/Adapter 220VAC to 18 VDC
SBC-1 Charger for one spare Stealth Battery Cartridge
SBC-6 Charger for up to six spare Stealth Battery

Cartridges
1217-50-0151 Stealth Serial Printer Cable
PP-75 Precision Preselector for Carrier-To-Noise and

Intermodulation Distortion Testing (55 to 440 MHz)
PP-55-110 Tunable Precision Preselector (55 to 110 MHz)
PP-110-220 Tunable Precision Preselector (110 to 220 MHz)
PP-220-440 Tunable Precision Preselector (220 to 440 MHz)
PP-440-880 Tunable Precision Preselector (440 to 880 MHz)
7201 Tunable Precision Preselector (31 to 62 MHz)
7202 Tunable Precision Preselector (62 to 125 MHz)
7203 Tunable Precision Preselector (125 to 250 MHz)
7204 Tunable Precision Preselector (250 to 500 MHz)

1-6

(1)

Specification Change - The transmitter output is being changed
from +10 to +40 dBmV to +20 to +50 dBmV. To determine which
transmitter output range is available on your unit, access the Status
screen by pressing the FCN key followed by the status second
function key. If "Enhanced Output" is displayed in the options box,
the transmitter output range is +20 to +50 dBmV.

1-7

SECTION 2 INSTALLATION

2.1 INTRODUCTION

This section provides information on how to install the 3ST Transmit­ter.

2.2 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION

The instrument was inspected, and given final operational and quality
control tests prior to being carefully packaged for shipment. The unit
should operate in accordance with the specifications listed in this
manual.

When unpacking the instrument, inspect the shipping container and
instrument for shipping damage. If the container is damaged, phone
Wavetek immediately. Save the shipping carton and packing materials
for possible future use.

FOR CUSTOMER SERVICE call: WAVETEK: [phone],
International Customers, contact your local Wavetek Representative.

2.3 INSTALLATION

Proper installation of the Transmitter is essential to correct operation
of the system. The transmitter is typically installed in a headend rack.
There are two different options for setting up the system. One entails
inserting the sweep at a standard combining network input, with a
directional coupler (test point) at the output of the combining net­work.

Alternately, a directional coupler may be used to insert the sweep at
the output of the combiner. A directional coupler is used to sample
system signals in the headend, and an additional directional coupler is
used to inject the sweep (see figure). The sampling directional
coupler (DC a) may be of any value (dB), but higher values are
typically chosen to limit insertion loss. The sweep insertion direc­tional coupler (DC b) tap loss must be taken into account when setting
the insertion level of the transmitted sweep signal.

2-1

The transmitter output level is variable from +20 to +50

s

(1)

dBmV in 2
dB increments. The output level will be attenuated by the tap value
of the directional coupler. For example, if a sweep signal level of
+16 dBmV is desired on the system and the output of the 3ST
Transmitter is set to +36 dBmV, a directional coupler value of 20 dB
may be used, or the combination of a lower value directional coupler
and an attenuator pad.

DC aDC b

Combining

Sy

Network

INOUT

Stealth Transmitter

IN

Stealth
Receiver

An alternate method would be to insert the 3ST Transmitter output
at one of the combining network inputs, and connect the (transmit­ter) reference input to the headend amplifier input test point. This
method eliminates the need to add directional couplers at the
combiner output.

For detailed setup information, see "Stealth Sweep Start-up Proce­dure", page 4-1.

2.4 WARRANTY INFORMATION

The Sweep System Transmitter 3ST is covered by a one year parts
and labor warranty (for details, see "Warranty", opposite Table of
Contents).

2-2

2.5 POWER REQUIREMENTS

The Sweep System Transmitter 3ST operates on 90-265 VAC, 57-63
Hz single phase input power source.

2.6 CABLE SPECIFICATIONS

There are two cables associated with the operation of the 3ST
Transmitter; Stealth to Stealth, and a Serial Printer cable. The
following information describes each of the associated cables.

Stealth to Stealth

The Stealth to Stealth cable, (1217-50-0149) provided with each 3ST
Transmitter, is used for communications between Stealth units and
for downloading sweep files to a PC.

Rx

Tx

DTR

GND

DSR
RTS
CTS

RI

Tx
Rx
DTR
GND
DSR
CTS
RTS
RI

2-3

Serial Printer Cable

The Serial Printer Cable, (1217-50-0151) can be used to print data
directly from the 3ST Transmitter.

Tx
Rx

GND

DTR

Rx
Tx
DTR
GND
DSR
CTS

2-4

2.7 TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Although we've worked hard to make the 3ST as easy-to-use as
possible, the wide range of network architectures available today can
make proper configuration a difficult task. If you have a problem
using your unit you can contact Wavetek's Technical Support for
help. You can reach Wavetek's Technical Support, Monday through
Friday between 8 am and 5 PM at [phone]. Wavetek also
maintains a support forum on the Internet. You can leave messages
and a Support Specialist will get back to you at Internet address:
[e-mail].

If you received your Stealth unit and found it to be damaged or
incomplete in any way, phone Wavetek immediately. Save the
shipping carton and packing material in the event that you have to
return it.

FOR CUSTOMER SERVICE call: WAVETEK [phone],
International Customers, contact your local Wavetek Representative.

The above numbers can also be accessed on your unit by pressing the
FCN key followed by the help key.

2.8 Worldwide Sales Offices

Austria (Vienna) Hong Kong
Tel: [phone] Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone]

China (Beijing) Japan (Tokyo)
Tel: [phone] Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone]

France (Paris) Singapore
Tel: [phone] Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone]

Germany (Munich) United Kingdom (Norwich)
Tel: [phone] Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone]

2-5

(1)

Specification Change - The transmitter output is being changed
from +10 to +40 dBmV to +20 to +50 dBmV. To determine which
transmitter output range is available on your unit, access the Status
screen by pressing the FCN key followed by the status second
function key. If "Enhanced Output" is displayed in the options box,
the transmitter output range is +20 to +50 dBmV.

2-6

SECTION 3 USER INTERFACE

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This section will help you become familiar with the front-panel
controls of the Model 3ST Transmitter. Included are descriptions of
the front-panel and notes on the use of features.

3.2 FRONT-PANEL DESCRIPTION

The hardware portion of the user interface consists of a 320x240 dot
matrix LCD and a 40-key keypad. The keypad includes:

• eight Soft keys

• eight Measurement Mode selection keys

• four Support Mode selection keys

• four Arrow keys

• sixteen Numeric Entry keys

3.2.1 Soft Keys

There are a total of eight vertically oriented soft keys, four on either
side of the display. The function of each soft key changes depending
on the particular operation being performed. The function is indi­cated on the display next to the associated soft key. Soft keys are not
always active. When a soft key is inactive, it’s indicator is either
dimmed (grayed) or does not appear at all.

3-1

3.2.2 Measurement Mode Selection Keys

Measurement modes are chosen by pressing the appropriate Mea­surement Mode Selection key. There is a key for each of the eight
major measurement functions. These keys are located directly below
the display.

LEVEL: Signal level measurements on individual channels are made

by entering a specific channel number and pressing the
channel key. Measurements can also be made by selecting
the carrier with a marker in the Scan mode and pressing the
Level key.

TILT: The Tilt mode simplifies the balancing of pilot levels by

displaying a bar graph with a representation of up to nine
different user selected video carrier levels.

3-2

SCAN: Use the Scan mode to get a good look at absolute carrier

levels. In this mode a bar graph showing all carrier levels is
displayed.

SWEEP:

NOTE: Telemetry occurs only while the unit is in Sweep mode.

C/N: Measures the C/N (carrier to noise) ratio of the tuned

HUM: Measures the hum modulation of the tuned channel, will

MOD: Allows the user to listen to the modulation of the tuned

SPECT: Provides a Spectrum Analyzer display, and CSO/CTB

This mode injects a low level signal in vacant spectrum

areas, and transmits telemetry to any 3SR Receivers that
are connected to the system. Cable system carrier levels in
occupied spectrum areas are monitored and displayed in bar
graph format.

Selecting another mode will result in a loss of telemetry to
any Receivers connected to the system.

channel or frequency will be displayed.

display in either % or dB as selected by the operator.

channel of frequency and measure Depth of Modulation of a
video carrier.

measurements.

3-3

3.2.3 Support Mode Selection Keys

Support modes are accessed using the Support Mode Selection keys.
There is a key for each of the four support functions. These keys are
located to the right of the display.

File: Allows the user to access measurement files.

Auto: This function provides automated FCC 24 hour testing

capabilities.

Setup: The setup functions are used to set or adjust the operating

parameters of the unit.

Print: Allows the user to print the current measurement screen.

3.2.4 Arrow Keys

The four Arrow keys are used for various purposes. There functions
are described in the individual sections for each operating mode.
These keys are located to the right of the Support Mode Selection
keys.

3-4

3.2.5 Alpha-Numeric Entry Keys

The Alpha-Numeric keys are used to enter data as needed during the
operation of the unit. There are three indicators associated with
keypad entry. These indicators appear in the title bar to the left of
the time. The three are as follows:

A

B

- alpha entry mode

C

1

23 - numeric entry mode

- multiple choice mode

3-5

Alpha Entry Mode

Most numeric keys have alphabetic characters printed on them.
These characters can be accessed when the alpha entry indicator
appears in the title bar. In the alpha entry mode, a cursor appears
below the active position. Repeated pressing of an alphanumeric key
sequences through the values printed on the key. Once the desired
character is selected, the cursor is moved to the next position using
the LEFT or RIGHT arrow keys. Special characters are available
using the UP and DOWN arrow keys.

Alpha entry must be terminated by pressing the ENTER key.

Numeric Entry Mode

In the numeric entry mode, only the numerals 0 through 9 and the
decimal point can be entered. When negative values are allowed, the
FCN, +/- key sequence toggles between positive and negative entry.
The numeric value may also be incremented and decremented using
the UP and DOWN arrow keys.

Numeric entry must be terminated by pressing the ENTER key.

Multiple Choice Mode

This mode allows you to sequence through a series of choices which
appear in the edit box.

3.2.6 Printing

Any measurement mode screen can be printed directly. Press the
Print key to print the current measurement screen. To print a
measurement file, simply view the file and print it as you would a
current measurement screen.

3-6

SECTION 4 OPERATION - HOW TO USE THE 3ST
TRANSMITTER

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This section provides detailed operation of the 3ST Transmitter.
Included are detailed descriptions of the various displays of the
selected modes of operation.

4.2 STEALTH SWEEP START-UP PROCEDURE

The Model 3ST Transmitter is quite flexible with regard to sweep
insertion, in that the sweep level relative to the other carriers is not
extremely critical. A key principle to keep in mind is that the trans­mitter measures the levels of the video and audio carriers simulta­neously to the receiver. It also measures its own injected sweep
carrier. In order to do this, the sweep must be injected prior to the tap
which samples the system signal for the transmitter's measurements
(see diagram below).

Combining

Network

Stealth Transmitter

DC aDC b

System

INOUT

IN

Stealth
Receiver

Sweep insertion is prior to sampling of system levels by 3ST Transmitter

The Model 3ST's output may be injected as shown above, using a
directional coupler at the output of the combining network, or it may
even be injected at an input to the combining network. With an
output level set such that the sweep is 15 dB below video carrier level,
good response measurements can be made without interference to
subscriber TV pictures.

4-1

We recommend that the telemetry be set at 10 dB below the video
carrier level.

Any response irregularities caused by the combining network will be
eliminated in the normalization process.

After the transmitter is properly connected, the next step is to build a
channel plan. This channel plan will designate which channels are
active in the system, which channels are scrambled, and which
channels are inactive and therefore can be converted to sweep
injection points. The channel plan can be edited to indicate which
channels are to be tested in the Tilt mode, and to label the channels
with the programming content or call letters of the broadcaster.

The following procedure describes the steps to prepare the transmit­ter for sweeping.

Building A Channel Plan

1. To build a channel plan, first enter the setup mode by pressing the

SETUP key.

2. Press the Channel Plan soft key, and cursor down the menu to

Build Channel Plan.

3. Press the ENTER key, and you will be prompted at the first step to

name the channel plan to be built. The name should be a logical
one that will be easy to remember. The location of the headend is
usually a good name for the channel plan. When the name is typed
in, press the ENTER key.

4. The next step is to choose a channel plan from the built-in list that

most closely resembles the plan of your system. Typically your
system channel plan will be a subset of the built-in plan. Cursor
down to the appropriate channel plan and press the ENTER key or
the OK soft key.

5. You will then be prompted to enter the highest frequency that you

would like to scan. Type in the frequency and press the ENTER
key followed by the OK soft key. The unit will then commence a
scan for the presence of channels. After the scan is done, this
phase of the channel plan building process is complete. Press the
Exit soft key to return to the Channel Plan menu.

4-2

Editing A Channel Plan

The next step is to edit the channel plan to characterize it for your
particular system. Cursor down to Edit Channel Parameters and press
ENTER. A listing of all the channels within the frequency range
designated in the Build Channel Plan phase will appear on the
screen. Notice that there are columns for enabled, channel type,
channel number, label, frequency (video carrier), sweep, tilt, and,
scrambled.

Each of these features for each channel may be edited by cursoring to
the channel to be edited and pressing the Edit soft key.

Check the listed channels to ensure that channels that you know are
not video are not listed as video channels. If during the Build Chan­nel Plan phase the receiver detects a signal at a video carrier fre­quency it assumes it is a video channel. Some FM carriers may
happen to fall at video carrier frequencies for channels 95-97. Be sure
these channels are properly designated as video or single carriers. FM
signals may be entered as channels, but must be designated as Single
Carriers.

At this time be sure to edit each scrambled channel to ensure that it
is designated appropriately. A special algorithm is used to ensure that
the peak of these signals is measured.

At this time you may also wish to designate tilt channels, and label
the channels with call letters, but this is not essential to begin the
sweep process.

You may have noticed that the channel plan list included some
channels that were not marked "Enabled". These channels can be
converted automatically to sweep points using the Build Sweep
Points selection from the channel plan menu. Before doing this,
make sure that these "disabled" channels do not encompass an area of
digital or other signals that you want to avoid sweeping. If they do,
simply edit these particular channels and toggle to "No" on the
Sweep Channel selection. When this is completed, select Build
Sweep Points from the Channel Plan menu. Sweep points can
convert each disabled channel into 1, 2 or 3 sweep points.

4-3

The next step is to test the sweep by connecting the Model 3SR
receiver to a test point and pressing the SWEEP key (Ensure the
3ST Transmitter is also in the Sweep mode). After telemetry is
found, the receiver will begin sweeping. If telemetry is not found
make sure the 3ST Transmitter and the 3SR Receiver are configured
for the same telemetry frequency. Check to ensure the level of the
sweep, seen in empty spectrum areas, is 15 dB below video carrier
level. At first there will be no references for the normalized compari­son.

Storing A Sweep Reference

Wait until the "wait" indicator on the top of the sweep display
disappears, then press the FILE key. Next press the Sweep Refer-
ences soft key. The first step is to enter the name of the reference.

This can be any name that makes sense to you, and identifies the
location of the reference measurement.

After the reference is stored, press the SWEEP key, and the sweep
will be compared to the reference you just stored. The response
should be relatively smooth, the D marker should indicate < 1.0 dB.
If you have a higher number than this, or if the number is fluctuating
above this, you may need to do some channel plan editing to identify
scrambled channels, or to properly identify active/inactive channels
of FM or data carriers.

4.3 SETUP

There are four setup modes for the 3ST Transmitter; General,
Measurements, Channel Plan, and Sweep Transmitter. General setup
allows the operator to configure general aspects of the unit (not
specifically related to measurements) for personal taste. Measure­ments setup permits the operator to setup certain parameters that
apply to specific measurements. Channel Plan setup allows the
operator to configure channel tuning to match the specific character­istics of a particular cable system. Sweep Transmitter setup lets the
operator setup sweep transmission parameters.

4-4

4.3.1 General Setup

Use the Up and Down soft keys to scroll to additional setup items.
When lists are being displayed, the up arrow soft key dims when the
first item in the list is reached and the down arrow soft key dims
upon reaching the last item.

4-5

Operator Name

Allows the user to enter the operators name. The name will appear in
the header section of the Auto Test report.

Contrast Level

Adjusts the contrast level of the LCD for optimum viewing by the
operator. The level is varied on a scale from 1-15. Use the UP and
DOWN arrow keys to adjust the contrast. Contrast Level

Adjusts the contrast level of the LCD for optimum viewing by the
operator. The level is varied on a scale from 1-15. Use the UP and

DOWN arrow keys to adjust the contrast.

Backlight Time-out Period

An additional feature is an automatic Backlight Time-out. The time
out period is programmable to; always off, 5 sec, 10 sec, or always on.
Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to set the time-out period. The
Backlight can be manually turned on/off at any time by pressing the

Function key followed by the Light second function key.

Time

Use the numeric entry keys to enter the time in the HH:MM:SS
format (24 hour).

Date

Use the numeric entry keys to enter the date. The date will be
displayed in the format chosen in the Date Format setup menu.

4-6

Date Format

Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to select the desired date format.
When the date format is changed, the new format will appear every­where the date is displayed or printed. The following date formats
are available:

• MM/DD/YY

• DD.MM.YY

• YY.MM.DD

Printer

Sets the printer interface to the specific type of printer used. Use the
UP and DOWN arrow keys to select the desired printer. The re-
quired serial printer configuration is as follows:

• baud rate consistent with 3ST (recommend 9600 or 19.2K)

• 8 data bits

• 1 stop bit

• no parity

• flow control - hardware handshaking

A serial to parallel converter (such as the one manufactured by Black
Box Corp.) is required for printing to a parallel printer. The setup is
the same as the serial printer configuration.

Lines/Page

The number of Lines/Page (min 30, max 255)can be specified for
text printouts. This determines the number of lines that are printed
before a form feed command is sent. If no form feeds are desired,
enter zero for the Lines/Page.

Baud Rate

The Baud rate is used when establishing communications between
the 3ST Transmitter and another device. The Baud rates available
are; 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, and 19.2k. The UP and DOWN arrow
keys are used to set the Baud rate.

4-7

Beeps

The 3ST Transmitter produces beeps to alert you of certain operat­ing conditions.

The arrow keys are used to turn Beeps on or off as desired.

Diagnostics

Press the ENTER key to enter the diagnostic mode. The diagnostic
mode allows the user to reset the unit to all factory default settings.

Warning: All files and references will be lost when resetting the unit

to factory default settings.

4.3.2 Measurements Setup

Temperature Unit

Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to select the desired temperature
units (°C, °F).

4-8

Signal Level Units

Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to select the desired level units
(dBmV, dBµV, dBm).

Test Point Compensation

Test Point Compensation is used to account for loses associated with
certain amplifiers. Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys or the numeric
entry keys to enter the Test Point Compensation. (-100.0 to +100.0
dB in 0.1 dB steps).

Frequency Tuning Step Size

The Tuning Step Size can be adjusted using the UP and DOWN
arrow keys or the numeric entry keys (0.01 to 100.00 MHz in 10 kHz
steps).

Fundamental Hum Frequency

The fundamental hum frequency to be measured can be selected
using the
Auto is selected the unit will automatically switch to 50 Hz on PAL
type plans and 60 Hz for NTSC plans.

UP and DOWN arrow keys (60 Hz, 50 Hz, Auto). When

Scan Rate

Two scan rates are available in the Scan mode, normal and fast. The
scan rate is selected using the
scan feature allows for rapid scan displays, while sacrificing accuracy.
Normal scan rate is slower, but more accurate.

Scan Audio Carriers

If desired, the audio carriers can be omitted resulting in a faster scan.
This feature is selected using the
no).

UP and DOWN arrow keys. The Fast

UP and DOWN arrow keys (yes,

4-9

C/N Calibration

To increase the accuracy of the C/N measurements, a noise floor
calibration is performed. This allows the user to characterize the
noise floor of the unit. To perform the calibration, highlight the
selection and press the ENTER key. The unit will provide a prompt
to ensure that no cable is connected to the RF input. Once verified,
press the OK soft key to perform the calibration. The unit will
display the system noise level when the calibration is complete.

4.3.3 How To Setup Your Channel Plan

The procedure explained in Section 4.2 should be performed when
first using the Model 3ST Transmitter.

Select Channel Plan

Press the ENTER key to call up a list of existing channel plans. If the
unit is being used for the first time, the only Channel Plan available
will be the standard NCTA plan. Refer to the "Build Channel Plan"
section to create a channel plan that matches your system. Use the
UP and DOWN arrow keys to scroll through the list. When the
desired channel plan is highlighted, press the EXIT soft key to

4-10

activate the selected channel plan. Channel plans can also be deleted
from the list using the DELETE soft key. An OK and STOP soft key
is then displayed to confirm or stop the deletion of the channel plan.

The currently active channel plan (as indicated in the lower right
hand corner of the screen) cannot be deleted. To delete this plan,
first select a different plan by using the arrow keys to highlight
another plan and then press the Load soft key. The previously active
channel plan can now be deleted.

Press the Info soft key to view the following channel plan informa­tion:

• Plan name

• The Channel Plan that the plan was based on

• The number of enabled channels

• Date the plan was last modified

Video Signal Type

The type of video signal to be measured can be selected using the

UP and DOWN arrow keys (NTSC, PAL).

Channel Tuning Sequence

Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to select either numeric order or
frequency order, for the channel tuning sequence.

Build Channel Plan

Press the ENTER key to begin the Build Channel Plan sequence.
This sequence allows the user to create a channel plan by "learning"
the channels on a cable system.

NOTE: Ensure that the 3ST Transmitter is connected to the cable

system.

Step 1: Enter a name for the new channel plan that will be built.

Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter a channel plan name. Press
the OK soft key when completed.

4-11

Step 2: Select a fixed channel plan to use for building the new plan.

Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to select a fixed channel plan to
build the new plan from. Press the OK soft key when completed.

Step 3: Enter the frequency at which to stop searching for channels.

Press the ENTER key followed by the OK soft key to set the
stop frequency.

The 3ST Transmitter will sequence through all channels in the
selected fixed plan until the stop frequency is reached. This opera­tion can be terminated by pressing the STOP soft key. When com­pleted, individual channels contained in the newly built plan can be
edited.

NOTE: Some channel plans have interlaced channels. To prevent

interference, delete interlaced channels prior to building
sweep points.

4.3.4 How To Edit Channel Parameters

This setup feature allows the user to edit an existing channel plan.
Press the ENTER key to initiate channel plan editing.

A list of all channels contained within the active plan is presented.

4-12

Use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to select the channel that you wish
to edit.

Press the EDIT soft key to view and edit the following parameters:

4-13

Note: If the parameter that you wish to edit does not appear on the

screen, keep pressing the arrow soft key to scroll through the
list.

Enabled

Y/N - If the channel is not enabled it will not be included in any
measurement modes. At least one channel must be enabled. If a
channel is not enabled, it will be converted to sweep points in the
"Build Sweep Points" process.

Channel Type

TV - Includes standard video carrier with audio carrier offset.

DUAL - European system which incorporates video plus

two independent audio carriers.

Single Carrier - Can be used for an FM or data carrier.

Sweep Insertion Point - Used to insert sweep points into vacant

spectrum areas.

Digital Carrier - Can be used for 16/64 QAM digital carrier power

measurement. Only supported in the Level, Sweep,
and Spectrum measurement modes. An RMS
detection mode is used when measuring the level of
a digital channel.

Frequency

The frequency of the carrier (for TV and DUAL types, this is the
frequency of the video carrier) Enter frequency by using the numeric
entry keys or the arrow keys.

Channel Number

The channel number of the carrier. Enter channel number by using
the numeric entry keys or the arrow keys.

4-14

Label

The label is provided to associate a channel's number with it's
programming. Using the alpha keys, label the channel with a desired
name (up to four characters). "Special" characters can be selected
using the up/down arrow keys. The label will appear to the left of the
channel number on most screens.

Sweep Channel

Y/N - Designates that the channel will be used for Sweep
measurements.

NOTE: Adding sweep points at increments other than 250 kHz will

slow the sweep speed by 15 msecs per non-250 kHz
increment.

Measurement Bandwidth Adjustments

To edit the bandwidth, cursor to the Measurement BW selection.
The bandwidth can be adjusted by using the UP and DOWN arrow
keys or by entering a value using the numeric keypad and then
pressing the ENTER key. The FCC specification for C/N measure­ments is a bandwidth of 4.200 MHz. CATV organizations outside of
the United States may have different requirements.

Noise Offset Frequency Adjustments

The frequency at which the noise level is measured is the Carrier
frequency plus the noise offset. To adjust the noise offset, cursor to
the Noise Offset selection. The offset can be adjusted by using the
UP and DOWN arrow keys or by entering a value using the numeric
keypad and then pressing the ENTER key.

Tilt Channel

Y/N - Designates which channels are used for the Tilt mode. Up to
nine channels can be designated as Tilt channels.

4-15

Scrambled

Y/N - Select Yes if the channel is scrambled. When a channel is
designated as scrambled, the sweep will only look at the video carrier
as a sweep reference, instead of both the video and audio carrier.
Note: a diamond will appear to the left of the channel type indicator
on most screens.

Audio Offset

Specifies the audio offset of the channel.

Audio Offset 2

Specifies the offset for the second audio carrier of a Dual type
channel.

An ADD and DELETE soft key allows for adding new channels to the
plan or deleting existing channels from the plan.

Press the Exit soft key to return to the Edit Channel Parameters
display.

Delete Unused Channels

Once the channel plan has been built, unused channels can be
deleted if desired. Doing this frees memory for other uses and
"unclutters" the channel plan. Select the Delete Unused Channels in
the Channel Plan menu and press ENTER.

Build Sweep Points

Once the channel plan has been built, the build sweep points
function will convert all disabled channels to sweep insertion points.
Select Build Sweep Points from the menu and press the ENTER key.

The display will prompt you to enter the number of sweep points
that each disabled channel will be converted to.

4-16

If sweep points are entered in the following frequency ranges they
will be automatically shifted to avoid measurement inaccuracies.

197.88 to 198.12 lower to 197.87

441.13 to 441.37 lower to 441.12

496.13 to 496.37 lower to 496.12

827.63 to 827.87 lower to 827.62

882.63 to 882.87 lower to 882.62

938.13 to 938.37 lower to 938.12

385.63 to 385.87 lower to 385.62

620.13 to 620.37 lower to 620.12

703.63 to 703.87 lower to 703.62

524.38 to 525.62 raise to 525.63
(all frequencies in MHz)

Specify Auto Measurements

Press the ENTER key to specify the measurements to be taken
during the performance of an Auto Test. This feature allows the user
to specify which channels, C/N, Hum, and Modulation measure­ments are made on.

4-17

Use the Up and Down arrow soft keys to cursor to a channel. Use the
C/N, HUM, and MOD soft keys to select the desired Auto Test

measurements.

Note: C/N, Hum, and Modulation cannot be measured on a
scrambled channel or a sweep point. Hum and Modulation cannot be
measured on a Digital type carrier.

Use the All/None soft key to quickly select or deselect Auto Test
measurements. If a test is selected, the None soft key is displayed. If
no tests are selected for a particular channel, then the All soft key is
displayed.

Edit Limits

The Edit Limits function works in conjunction with the performance
of an Auto Test. As the Auto Test measurements are made, the
values are compared to the above limits. Use the Up and Down arrow
soft keys to select the limit to be edited. Use the numeric entry keys
or the UP and DOWN arrow keys to enter a value. Once the value
has been entered, press the ENTER key to update the display.

4-18

Copy Remote Plan

This selection allows you to copy a channel plan from one unit to
another.

Connect a cable between the serial ports of two units. Ensure that
the baud rate is set the same for each unit (General Setup screen). A
baud rate of 19.2K is recommended for uploading plans.

Select Copy Remote Plan from the menu and press the ENTER key.
A list of plans located in the remote units memory will appear. Select
the plan that you want to copy and press the Copy soft key. The
selected plan will be transferred from the remote unit and stored in
the unit that you are operating. It will also become the active plan.

4-19

4.3.5 Sweep Transmitter

Forward Telemetry Frequency

Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys or the numeric keypad to enter
the telemetry frequency.

NOTE: For successful Stealth mode operation, the Rx telemetry

frequency must match the Tx telemetry frequency setting of
the Model 3ST Transmitter.

Caution: Do not place the telemetry signal too close to the diplex

filter cut-off frequency in that roll-off may attenuate the
telemetry signal to the degree that communication fails.
This same caution applies to placing the signal in the high
end roll-off region.

Forward Telemetry Level

This is the level of the carrier that the 3ST uses to transmit telem­etry data. Use the edit box to set the Telemetry Level to an appro­priate value. When adjusting the Telemetry Level, take into consid­eration the following losses; system, summing network, test point,
and amplifier desired input.

4-20

Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys or the numeric keypad to enter
the telemetry level (20-50

(1)

dBmV).

Forward Sweep Insertion Level

This is the level at which the 3ST inserts (transmits) sweep points.
All sweep points are inserted at the same level. Use the edit box to
set the Sweep Insertion Level to an appropriate value (This will
typically be at maximum (+50

(1)

dBmV) to over come test point loss.).

Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys or the numeric keypad to enter
the sweep insertion level (20-50

(1)

dBmV).

Include Audio Carriers

This selection allows the audio carriers to be excluded resulting in a
faster sweep. Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to include (Yes) or
exclude (No) audio carriers.

Enable or Disable Reverse Sweep

When Reverse Sweep is enabled, both Forward and Reverse sweep­ing can be performed. Only Forward sweeping is possible when
Reverse Sweep is disabled.

IMPORTANT: Reverse Sweep should be disabled when there are

no 3SR units being used with the Reverse Sweep
option. This will optimize the update rate of the
Forward Sweep. It should also be disabled if you
are using a 3HRV for reverse sweeping.

Select the Frequency of the Reverse Telemetry Carrier

This is the frequency at which 3SR units with the Reverse Sweep
option will transmit telemetry data. Optimally this will be in a
portion of the reverse frequency band with at least 1 MHz free, and
at best case, in the high end of the return band to avoid potential
interference from ingress.

4-21

IMPORTANT: The frequency the reverse telemetry carrier should

be carefully selected such that it will not interfere
with any existing carriers on the reverse plant.

Access Reverse Sweep Plans

Reverse Sweep Plans are used to define the frequencies at which
sweep points will be inserted by 3SR units with the Reverse Sweep
option. To access Reverse Sweep Plans, select the “Reverse Sweep
Plans” option and then press the ENTER key. Refer to section 5 for
detailed operation.

4.4 HOW TO PERFORM LEVEL MEASUREMENTS

Signal levels are measured in the Level and Scan Modes. The Level
display provides both a numeric indication of signal level and an
analog meter. The audio and video carrier levels of a channel are
displayed simultaneously. Alternately, an individual carrier can be
measured (as in the case for a data or pilot carrier) or the unit can be
tuned to a specific frequency.

Information displayed in the Level mode is as follows:

4-22

Scrambled
Channel

Label (up to four characters)

Type: TV

Single
Dual

• Channel number or frequency

• Channel label

• Video carrier frequency and level (numerical)

• Audio carrier frequency and level (numerical)

• Analog meter of carrier levels

• Delta between audio and video levels

• Selected channel plan

• Test point compensation (appears only if a nonzero value
is programmed during setup) - used to eliminate the test
point loss or probe loss from the measurement result to
show the signal level "on the system".

Tuning by Channel or Frequency

When the level mode is selected the unit can be tuned by channel or
frequency. When in the channel mode, the channel and channel label
will appear at the top of the display. The left and right arrow keys
can be used to decrement and increment the channels. Channels can
also be entered using the numeric keys followed by the CHAN key.

Channel
Number
(0-999)

Freq. Mode

To tune by frequency, use the numeric keys to enter a frequency
followed by the FREQ key. The frequency can then be decremented
by using the left key or incremented using the right arrow keys. The
step size when tuning by frequency is programmed during setup.

4-23

Scale Adjustment

The UP and DOWN arrow keys can be used to adjust the reference
level on the analog meter. This is helpful when the audio and video
levels differ by large amounts.

To automatically scale the analog meter, press the FCN key followed
by the Scale second function key.

When in the TV channel mode, the level is represented using dual
analog meters; one for the video carrier and one for the audio carrier
(two in the video + dual audio channels mode).

When in the frequency mode or single channel mode, the level is
indicated by a single meter.

4.5 HOW TO MEASURE TILT - BALANCING AN AMPLIFIER

A cable system is designed for unity gain, and the output of each like
type of amplifier (trunk, bridger/line extender) should be as close to
identical as physically possible. The amplifiers are set up with
specified levels for signals at the high and low end of the spectrum
that are used for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) or Automatic Slope
Control (ASC). In the amplifier balancing process, these signals are
measured and adjusted to specification. Before making an adjust­ment, ensure that there are no problems in the system that should not
be compensated with an adjustment but repaired instead.

To balance the amplifier, ensure that the AGC and ASC is switched
off. Tilt mode simplifies the actual balancing by displaying a bar
graph with a representation of up to nine different user selected
video carrier levels. Adjust the high pilot level to the specified level
using the gain control. The gain control tends to affect the overall
amplitude throughout the spectrum equally. Adjust the low pilot
level to the specified level using the slope control. The slope control
affects the low end of the spectrum more than the high end. Due to
the interaction between the two controls, repeat this process until the
pilots are "balanced". Then switch on the AGC and ASC, wait a
moment to measure the signal levels with the AGC and ASC acti­vated.

4-24

Information displayed in the Tilt mode is as follows:

• High and low carrier frequencies

• High and low carrier levels

• Tilt measurement

• Reference level and scale

• Selected channel plan

• Test point compensation (appears only if a nonzero value
is programmed during setup)

When the TILT key is pressed the screen will automatically display
up to nine video carrier levels that were defined in the Edit Channel
Parameters portion of the Channel Plan Setup menu.

The UP and DOWN arrow keys can be used to adjust the reference
level of the graph.

Level Adjustments

Press the LVL soft key to edit the scale and reference level of the
Tilt display. To adjust the Scale, use the UP and DOWN arrow keys
to select a scale that will provide the best viewing of the Tilt levels.

4-25

To adjust the Ref Level, press the Ref Level soft key. Now the Ref
Level can be changed by using the UP and DOWN arrow keys or by
entering a numeric value followed by the ENTER key. The refer­ence level is at the top of the graph.

NOTE: The reference value is limited by unit and the scale setting.

Pressing the Auto Scale soft key will automatically set the reference
level for an optimum Tilt display. The FCN + Scale key can also be
used to automatically set the reference level.

4.6 SCAN MODE

Use the Scan mode to get a good look at the whole spectrum of
absolute carrier levels. In this mode a bar graph showing all carrier
levels is displayed. A marker selects which carrier level is displayed
on the bottom of the screen.

Information displayed in the Scan mode is as follows:

• Channel number

• Channel label

• Video carrier frequency and level (numerical)

4-26

• Audio carrier frequency and level (numerical)

• Histogram graph of carrier levels

• Delta between audio and video levels

• Selected channel plan

• Test point compensation (appears only if a nonzero value
is programmed during setup)

• Limits annunciators

When the SCAN key is pressed a graph showing all carrier levels is
displayed. Use the RIGHT and LEFT arrow keys to position the
marker to the desired channel. The channel numbers can also be
entered directly using the numeric entry keys.

The UP and DOWN arrow keys can be used to adjust the reference
level of the graph.

Level Adjustments

Press the LVL soft key to edit the scale and reference level of the
Scan display. To adjust the Scale, use the UP and DOWN arrow keys
to select a scale that will provide the best viewing of the carrier
levels. To adjust the Ref Level, press the Ref Level soft key. Now
the Ref Level can be changed by using the UP and DOWN arrow
keys or by entering a numeric value followed by the ENTER key.
The reference level is the top line of the graph.

NOTE: The reference value is limited by unit and the scale setting.

Pressing the Auto Scale soft key will automatically set the reference
level for an optimum Scan display. The FCN + Scale key can also be
used to automatically set the reference level.

Frequency Adjustments

Press the FRQ soft key to edit frequency range parameters of the
Scan display. Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys or the numeric
entry keypad to set the start frequency. Press the Stop soft key to
adjust the stop frequency. The Full Span soft key can be used to set
the start and stop frequency to the full range of the unit.

4-27

Press the TILT soft key to turn tilt compensation on or off. Tilt
channels must be programmed in the Channel Plan Edit mode,
before this function can be implemented. The tilt is based on the
levels of the highest and lowest channels configured for tilt.

When turned on, the compensation value can be adjusted using the
UP and DOWN arrow keys or by entering a numeric value followed
by the ENTER key. When tilt compensation is in effect, a "TILT
ON" indicator appears in the upper left portion of the scan screen.

Tilt Compensation

The tilt compensation feature allows the user to enter the cable loss
for a particular section of line and then using the scan display adjust
the gain of the amplifier to compensate for this loss.

Scan Rate

Two scan rates are available in the Scan mode, normal and fast. The
scan rate is selected in the Measurement Setup menu. The Fast scan
feature allows for rapid scan displays, while sacrificing accuracy (as
much as 2 dB on scrambled channels). Normal scan rate is slower, but
much more accurate. An indicator appears in the upper left hand
corner of the Scan screen when the Fast Scan mode is selected.

Audio Carriers

If desired, the audio carriers can be omitted resulting in a faster scan.
This feature is selected in the Measurement Setup menu. An
indicator appears in the upper left hand corner of the Scan screen
when audio carriers are omitted.

Limits

The Limits feature allows for comparison of the current scan mea­surement with the "FCC" limits that are defined in Setup. There are
two parts to this feature.

When an out of tolerance condition exists a set of annunciators will
appear below the scan graph. The annunciators indicate the following
out of tolerance conditions:

4-28

• Adjacent Channel Error

• Video Level Too High/Low

• ∆VA Too High/Low

The limit annunciators are updated with each scan update.

An "aggregate" result summary can be accessed by pressing the LIM
soft key. This performs a limit check of all channels contained within
the scan and reports an overall pass/fail conclusion. The aggregate
limit check is not performed with each scan update, however, a
Check soft key is provided to repeat the limit check whenever
desired.

The Limits On/Off soft key toggles the limit check feature on & off.
When turned off, the limit annunciators do not appear.

4-29

4.7 HOW TO MEASURE C/N

It is a good engineering practice to use a bandpass filter on the input
of the receiver when making C/N measurements. This is to ensure
accuracy and extend measurement range. If a preamplifier is used to
boost test point levels prior to measurement, it should be placed
between the bandpass filter and the receiver. This measurement is
simply a comparison in amplitude between the video carrier refer­ence signal and the noise (FCC limit: > 43 dB). The noise measure­ment must be made at least 2 to 2.5 MHz from any other carrier on
the system.

In the C/N mode the carrier to noise ratio of the tuned channel or
frequency is displayed. The C/N measurement bandwidth and the
frequency offset for the noise measurement may be controlled from
the screen. A proprietary DSP technique allows C/N measurements
on modulated carriers (non-scrambled channels). The measurement
is made by measuring the video carrier level and then tuning to the
offset frequency. Once a line is found, the unit will then measure
four consecutive frames and average the values together. The value
is then corrected for the selected bandwidth, and the C/N ratio is
computed. If the mode is selected before a carrier is available on the
input, it will cause the readings to be wrong. If this occurs, change to
another mode or channel and then return to the desired channel.

4-30

Information displayed in the C/N mode is as follows:

• Channel number

• Channel label

• Carrier frequency

• Noise offset frequency

• Noise frequency

• Bandwidth

• C/N ratio

• Channel plan

To make a carrier to noise measurement, press the C/N key. The
C/N ratio of the tuned channel or frequency will be displayed.

Bandwidth Adjustments

To edit the bandwidth, press the BW soft key. The bandwidth can
be adjusted by using the UP and DOWN arrow keys or by entering a
value using the numeric keypad and then pressing the ENTER key.
The FCC specification for C/N measurements is a bandwidth of

4.200 MHz. CATV organizations outside of the United States may
have different requirements.

Noise Offset Frequency Adjustments

The frequency at which the noise level is measured is the Carrier
frequency plus the noise offset. To adjust the noise offset, press the

OFFSET soft key. The offset can be adjusted by using the UP and
DOWN arrow keys or by entering a value using the numeric keypad
and then pressing the ENTER key.

Note: BW and Noise Offset values can be defined individually for
each channel (see section 4.3.4 "How To Edit Channel Parameters").
When tuning by channel number, the BW and Noise Offset values
can be adjusted using the Offset and BW soft keys. However, these
adjustments will affect the C/N screen only and will not change the
setup value in the channel plan.

4-31

4.8 HOW TO MEASURE HUM

Hum is undesirable modulation of the television video carrier by
power line frequencies and harmonics (e.g., 60 or 120 Hz), or other
low frequency disturbances (FCC limit: < 3%). To measure Hum,
simply press the Hum key when tuned to any non-scrambled chan­nel. In the Hum mode the hum modulation of the tuned channel or
frequency will be displayed in either % or dB as selected by the
operator. Soft keys allow the operator to select 60, 120 (50, 100 Hz),
or <1,000 Hz filters for this measurement to help in troubleshooting.
A 60 Hz modulation component suggests a possible corroded connec­tor, a 120 Hz component tends to indicate a possible failure related to
the DC supply in the amplifier - possibly a capacitor going bad and
aggravating the ripple. A proprietary DSP technique enables Hum
measurements on modulated carriers (non-scrambled channels).

Stealth has been given the capability of measuring the 1Hz Hum
component. To activate this feature, set the Fundamental Hum
Frequency in the MEASUREMENTS setup screen to 1Hz. The
filter options on the Hum screen will then become; 1Hz, <50Hz, and,
<1kHz.

4-32

Note: The <1kHz setting does not include the 1Hz component, it only

includes 50 to 1000Hz. Information displayed in the Hum
mode is as follows:

NOTE: HUM measurements taken while the desktop charger is in

use will affect the HUM reading. For the most accurate
reading disconnect the charger prior to taking HUM
measurements.

4.9 MODULATION

This function allows you to monitor the video depth of modulation in
graphical and precise numerical format. A marker is placed at the
optimal modulation level (NTSC 87.5%, PAL 90%) to assist techni­cians while making adjustments.

An Audio and Depth soft key is used to select the type of modulation
to be displayed.

An additional feature is the ability to listen to the audio modulation
of the tuned channel or frequency. Use the Audio soft key to listen to
the audio modulation.

Use the UP and DOWN arrow soft keys to adjust the volume.

4-33

4.10 SPECTRUM ANALYZER MODE

The spectrum analyzer display provides a view of the system
spectrum with variable spans from 50 MHz to 3 MHz and a dynamic
range of better than 60 dB. When the Spectrum key is pressed, the
following screen is displayed.

4-34

Level Adjustments

A LVL (level) soft key is used to adjust the vertical parameters of the
graph. These parameters include Max Hold, Ref Level and Scale.

The Max Hold function ensures that the highest signal over multiple
sweeps is displayed. When the Max Hold soft key is pressed, as
indicated in the left hand corner of the display, the highest signal
level is displayed. The M1/M2 readings correspond to the max hold
levels. As multiple sweeps are performed, the maximum level trace
will only change if new sweep levels exceed the existing levels.

The reference level is located at the top line of the graph. The Ref
Level can be adjusted using the cursor keys or by entering a numeric
value followed by the enter key.

The scale parameter (1,2,5, & 10 dB/Div) can only be adjusted with
the cursor keys. For example, if the reference level was set at 0 dB
and the scale was set at 10 dB/div the first horizontal grid line above
the center would be equal to -30 dB. Press the LVL soft key to return
to the main spectrum analyzer display.

Frequency Adjustments

Press the FRQ soft key to edit frequency range parameters of the
Spectrum Analyzer display. Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys or
the numeric entry keypad to set the center frequency. Press the Span
soft key to adjust the span frequency. The Full Span soft key can be
used to set the start and stop frequency to the full range of the unit.
Press the FRQ soft key to return to the main spectrum analyzer
display.

4-35

How To Make FCC In-Channel Response Measurements

(FCC limit: , + 2 dB)

The frequency response of any channel can be measured using the
spectrum analyzer mode. A flat signal source must be inserted at the
input of the modulator or processor. In testing a modulator this
source may be a full field multiburst signal, or a sweeping function
generator. For a processor, a bench sweep generator or a broadband
noise source may be used. The response is monitored with the
Stealth receiver in the spectrum analyzer mode. A 5 or 10 MHz span
may be used. The “Max Hold” function is used to ensure that the
peak levels are measured at all frequencies. The scale may be set to
as low as 0.5 dB/div, but the operator will use the appropriate scale
setting to enable display of the full response on screen. The operator
then positions the markers at the maximum and minimum points of
the display and reads the “delta” indicated at the bottom of the
screen. The FCC requirement is a window of ±2.0 dB, which means
the delta should be < 4 dB.

How To Make CSO/CTB Measurements

CSO (Composite Second Order) is a clustering of second order beats
at any frequency in the spectrum, which causes interference to
picture quality when they fall within the video bandwidth. CTB
(Composite Triple Beat) is a clustering of third order distortion
products usually around the video carrier frequency.

The ability to make these measurements allows the technician to
troubleshoot and correct the cause of this unwanted distortion.

NOTE: It is recommended that a < 12 MHz band pass filter be used

to limit the amount of intermodulation distortion caused by
overload of the RF input of the receiver. If a preamplifier is
used, it should be placed between the bandpass filter and the
receiver.

Press the CSO/CTB soft key to initiate CSO/CTB measurements.
The unit will first switch to a 30 kHz resolution bandwidth, measure
the carrier and then prompt you to turn the carrier off.

4-36

Press the OK soft key once the carrier has been turned off. The
CSO/CTB measurement is now displayed.

4-37

The light trace represents the carrier prior to it being turned off. The
dark trace represents the distortion products. The measurement
value is computed by a ratio of the peak level of the video carrier to
the peak of the distortion products of the second and third order
beats. The "worst case" CSO value is highlighted and is the overall
CSO value. Press the CSO Setup soft key to adjust the offset values
for the CSO measurement.

Using the Up and Down arrow soft keys, select the CSO Offset
number to change. Use the numeric entry keys or the UP and DOWN
arrow keys to enter a new CSO Offset value.

When exiting out of the CSO/CTB measurement, the unit will
prompt you to turn the carrier back on.

4-38

4.11 SWEEP MODE

The Transmitter Sweep mode operates the same as the Scan mode
with the following exceptions:

• Sweep telemetry is transmitted

• Sweep points are injected

• Sweep point levels are displayed in the graph

NOTE: Sweep telemetry will cease when another mode is selected.

4-39

4.12 FILE

The File menu consists of two File submenus; Store Measurement,
and Measurement Files.

4.12.1 How to Store/View/Delete Measurement Files

The Store Measurement feature allows the user to store sweep,
spectrum and scan measurements. To store a measurement, press the

File key while taking the measurement. Press the Store Measure-
ment soft key to access the measurement files. To store the measure-

ment, press the Store soft key. The unit will then prompt for a file
name. Once a name is entered, press the OK soft key to execute the
operation.

4-40

To view measurement files, press the Measurement Files soft key. A
listing of all currently stored measurement files is displayed. Use the
UP and DOWN arrow keys to select the file to be viewed. Once
selected, press the View soft key. Scan measurements can be stored,
but can only be viewed/printed using the Stealthware Data Analysis
software. Once a file is selected it can be printed using the Print soft
key. All measurement files, with the exception of scan files, can be
printed using the Print All soft key. Use the Delete soft key to delete
all unwanted files.

4-41

4.13 AUTO

The Auto menu consists of three File submenus; Test Locations,
Perform Auto Test, and Auto Test Results.

4.13.1 How To Create/Edit/Delete Test Locations

Test Locations allow the user to create specific test point location
parameters used in the Auto Test report. The Test Locations can be
created directly on the Stealth unit, or using the SteathWare Data
Analysis software and downloaded to the Stealth unit. The Test
Location is used to identify where the data is collected. The user
then simply selects the corresponding location, and the location data
is automatically included in the Auto Test report.

4-42

Press the New soft key to create a new Test Location file.

The unit will then prompt for a file name. Once a name is entered,
press the OK soft key to execute the operation.

4-43

Each location in the list has an associated type and values for the
descriptive parameters. The parameters are shown in the following
table.

Parameter Min Max Default Units
1 Area 15 column alpha numeric field
2 Amp Id 15 column alpha numeric field
3 Power Configuration IN / OUT / THROUGH
4 Feeder Maker Config 1 9 1
5 Trunk Termination NO YES NO
6 Voltage Setting LOW / MID / HIGH
7 Rev Pad -100.0 +100.0 0.0 dB
8 Rev Equalizer -100.0 +100.0 0.0 dB
9 Fwd Pad -100.0 +100.0 0.0 dB
10 Fwd Equalizer -100.0 +100.0 0.0 dB

There are five types of locations associated with a cable system:
Trunk Amp, Headend, Line Extender, Fiber Node, and Field Test.
Some of the parameters do not apply to certain types of locations.
The following table shows which of the parameters in the table
above apply to each of the location types.

4-44

Characteristic Trunk Head Extender Fiber Field

1 Area yes yes yes yes
2 Amp Id yes yes yes
3 Power Configuration yes yes yes
4 Feeder Maker Config yes yes yes
5 Trunk Termination yes yes yes
6 Voltage Setting yes yes yes
7 Rev Pad yes yes yes
8 Rev Equalizer yes yes yes
9 Fwd Pad yes yes
10 Fwd Equalizer yes yes

Editing of location files is done by pressing the Edit soft key. The
optional fields will be enabled or disabled according to the location
type selected (see table above).

Use the Up and Down arrow soft keys to scroll to the desired param­eter. Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys or the numeric entry keypad
to enter the desired value. Once all the desired parameters have been
edited, press the OK soft key.

The Delete soft key is used to delete a specific location file.

4.13.2 How To Perform An Auto Test

The Auto Test mode provides automated FCC 24 hour testing
capabilities. Video & audio carrier levels will be measured for each
enabled channel. Additionally, the following can be selectively
measured for each channel: C/N, Hum, and Modulation. See Section

4.3.3 How To Setup Your Channel Plan for instructions on how to
enable these individual measurements. Tests can be made immedi­ately or at timed intervals, with the instrument sleeping between
tests to conserve battery life. Upon test completion, the test results
can be viewed on the LCD display before printing or downloading to
a PC.

Press the Perform Auto Test soft key to enter the Auto test mode.
The instrument provides a step-by-step procedure on how to perform
an Auto Test.

4-45

Auto Test Location

Using the Up and Down arrow keys, select an Auto Test location.
Select NONE if location information is not desired. Press the OK soft
key when completed. To create a new Auto Test location, press the

New soft key.

Auto Test Characteristics

4-46

Use Up and Down arrow keys to scroll through the location character­istics for the test being performed. Press the ENTER key after each
parameter is entered to update the display. If changes are made and
you want them updated in the location file, press the Save soft key. If
changes are made and the Save soft key is not pressed, the changes
will only affect the Auto Test that is about to be performed. Press the

OK soft key when completed.

Test Point Type

Use the Up and Down arrow keys to select the Test Point type.
When the desired Test Point type is selected, press the OK soft key.
The following is a list of Test Point types available:

Trunk Amp: Forward Trunk In

Forward Trunk Out
Bridger
Reverse Trunk In
Reverse Trunk Out

Line Extended: Line Extended In

Line Extended Out

4-47

Voltage Measurements

Use the numeric entry keys to enter the following system voltage
measurements:

• AC Voltage

• DC Voltage (regulated)

• DC Voltage (unregulated)

The voltage measurements are printed in the Auto Test report. Press
the OK soft key when completed.

4-48

Test Point Compensation

Test Point Compensation is used to account for loses associated with
certain amplifiers. Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys or the numeric
entry keys to enter the Test Point Compensation. (-100.0 to +100.0
dB in 0.1 dB steps). Press the OK soft key when the desired value
has been entered.

4-49

Results File

Enter a file name for the Auto Test results to be stored. If an existing
file name is used, a warning message will appear prompting the user
to overwrite the existing file or create a new one. When the desired
file name has been entered, press the OK soft key to proceed with
the Auto Test.

Type Of Test

Press the Immediate soft key to commence the Auto Test. Press the
Scheduled soft key to perform the Auto Test repeatedly at scheduled

intervals.

Immediate

If the Immediate mode is selected the unit will commence the Auto
Test sequence. Prior to starting the test, the unit will prompt you to
enter the ambient temperature. The temperature displayed is the
temperature sensed by the unit. Use the numeric entry keys to enter
the ambient temperature. Press the OK soft key when the desired
temperature has been entered. While the Auto Test is in progress,
the following screen is displayed:

4-50

While the Auto Test is in progress, the measurement currently being
performed (i.e. Level, C/N, Hum, or Modulation) is indicated on the
screen. A bar graph showing the percentage of completion is dis­played.

Scheduled

If the Scheduled mode is selected, the start, stop, and interval
information must be entered prior to commencing the Auto Test.

4-51

Using the numeric entry keys, enter the start and stop information for
the date and time as well as the interval amount. Press the ENTER
key after each parameter is entered to update the display. Use the Up
and Down arrow soft keys to select the parameter to be entered. Press
the OK soft key to commence the Schedule Auto Test. If the first
interval is to commence immediately, the unit will prompt you to
enter the ambient temperature. The temperature displayed is the
temperature sensed by the unit. Use the numeric entry keys to enter
the ambient temperature. Press the OK soft key when the desired
temperature has been entered. If the first interval is to commence
immediately, the "Auto Test In Progress" screen is displayed. When
the unit is between testing intervals, the following screen is dis­played:

When the unit is between testing intervals it will enter a sleep mode
in order to conserve battery life. All other unit functions are disabled
during the performance of the Auto Test.

4-52

4.13.3 Viewing/Printing Auto Test Files

Upon completion of the Auto Test, the unit will enter the Auto Test
Results Mode to display the Auto Test files. This allows the user to
view or print the Auto Test results. Use the Up and Down arrow soft
keys to select a file, then press the View soft key. A Print All soft key
is available to print all intervals from all files in the directory to the
printer. The Info soft key displays the Test Location Characteristics
for the selected file.

A table with all testing intervals and test site information is now
displayed. If the Auto Test was performed immediately, then only
one interval is displayed. If the Auto Test was performed using
scheduled intervals, then all the interval numbers are displayed. The
Print All soft key is used to send all intervals in the directory to the
printer.

4-53

Information provided on each interval includes:

• Interval number

• Date measurement was made

• Time measurement was made

• Temperature

• Pass/Fail test results

An "X" in the Pass/Fail column indicates an overall failure of the
measurements taken during that interval. A check mark indicates
that all measurements were within the specified limits.

To comply with FCC 24 hour testing requirements, the 24hr Report
soft key is provided. When the 24hr Report soft key is pressed, the
unit will automatically format and print the highlighted interval plus
the next three intervals. The following is an example of a 24 Hour
Test Report:

4-54

------------------------------------------------------------------------­WAVETEK STEALTH 24 HOUR TEST REPORT
Model: 3ST Serial No: 1234567 Cal Date: 06/21/95

------------------------------------------------------------------------­Operator: JOHN File: PROOF1

------------------------------------------------------------------------­Location Name: 1028_ELM_ST
Location Type: Trunk
Test Point Type: Forward Trunk In
Test Point Compensation: +0.0 dB

------------------------------------------------------------------------­Area: 00A7
Amp ID: 12-275Z
Power Config: In
Feeder Maker Config: 1
Trunk Termination: No
Voltage Setting: Low
Reverse Pad: +0.0 dB Reverse Equalizer: +0.0 dB
Forward Pad: +0.0 dB Forward Equalizer: +0.0 dB

------------------------------------------------------------------------­AC Voltage: 110 V DC Voltage (reg): 14.8 V (unreg): 20.9 V

------------------------------------------------------------------------­ #1 #2 #3 #4
Date: 07/04/95 07/04/95 07/05/95 07/05/95
Time: 17:00:00 23:00:00 05:00:00 11:00:00
Temp: +75 F +61 F +59 F +83 F
Video Video Video Video 24 Hr
Chan Level Level Level Level Deviation
(dBmV) (dBmV) (dBmV) (dBmV) (dB)
2 * +9.6 +8.8 -17.7 LO +10.7 28.4 HI
3 * +9.9 +8.6 -5.8 LO +8.9 15.7 HI
4 +9.2 +8.3 -2.9 LO +10.1 13.0 HI
5 +9.3 +8.2 +9.3 +11.5 3.3
6 +8.1 +9.1 +8.6 +11.0 2.9
14 +9.7 +8.7 +9.0 +11.0 2.3
15 +9.3 +7.6 +9.6 +10.6 3.0
16 +10.2 +8.0 +10.7 +10.5 2.7
17 +9.6 +7.4 +9.4 +10.8 3.4
18 +9.2 +8.0 +10.0 +10.2 2.2

------------------------------------------------------------------------­LIMIT CHECK Limit 1 2 3 4
Min Video Carrier Level: +0.0 dBmV X Fail
Max Delta Video Levels: 10.0 dB X Fail
Min Delta V/A: 6.5 dB X X Fail
Max Delta V/A: 17.0 dB X X X Fail
Max Delta Adjacent Channels: 3.0 dB X X X X Fail

24 Hour Video Deviation: 8.0 dB Fail

Conclusion: F A I L

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Reviewed: _____________________________________ Date: __________________

4-55

The channels with the asterisks indicate those channels that ex­ceeded the Max Delta Adjacent Channels limit. The limits that the
readings were compared to, are printed at the bottom of the report.
To the right of the limits, the report displays each interval that failed
the specific limit. If a particular measurement was not within the
specified limit, a HI/LO marker is printed next to the reading
indicating the direction that the measurement was out of specifica­tion.

Each interval can be selected and viewed as desired. Use the Up and
Down arrow soft keys followed by the View soft key to view specific
interval test results.

The test results along with the limits comparison is displayed. The
asterisks and up/down arrows have the same meaning as on the single
interval report printout. The limit that was exceeded along with the
measurement reading is displayed on the lower portion of the screen.
When viewing the list of Level measurements, the following symbols
will appear to the right of the measurement if an error occurred:

• < under range

• > over range

• E synthesizer unlocked

4-56

Use the More soft key to toggle between Level measurements, C/N,
Hum, and Modulation measurements.

When viewing the list of C/N, Hum, and Modulation measurements,
the following symbols will replace the measurement value if an error
occurred:

• UNDER - under range

• OVER over range

• ERROR - synthesizer unlocked

The Print soft key can be used to print out the following report:

4-57

------------------------------------------------------------------------­WAVETEK STEALTH AUTO TEST REPORT
Model: 3ST Serial No: 1234567 Cal Date: 06/21/95

------------------------------------------------------------------------­Operator: JOHN File: PROOF1 Inverval: 1
Date: 07/20/95 Time: 15:18:09 Temp: 75 F

------------------------------------------------------------------------­Location Name: 1028_ELM_ST
Location Type: Trunk
Test Point Type: Forward Trunk In
Test Point Compensation: +0.0 dB

------------------------------------------------------------------------­Area: 00A7
Amp ID: 12-275Z
Power Config: In
Feeder Maker Config: 1
Trunk Termination: No
Voltage Setting: Low
Reverse Pad: +0.0 dB Reverse Equalizer: +0.0 dB
Forward Pad: +0.0 dB Forward Equalizer: +0.0 dB

------------------------------------------------------------------------­AC Voltage: 110 V DC Voltage (reg): 14.8 V (unreg): 20.9 V

------------------------------------------------------------------------­Chan Label Video Audio Delta V/A C/N Hum Mod
(dBmV) (dBmV) (dB) (dB) (%) (%)
2 * QVC -17.7 LO -18.4 0.7 LO 43.9 1.4 86.3
3 * TNN -5.8 LO -13.9 8.1 —-- —-- —-­ 4 USA -2.9 LO -15.6 12.7 —-- 0.9 —-­ 5 * ESPN +0.1 -16.1 16.2 48.2 —-- —-­ 6 * MTV +7.9 -20.3 28.2 HI —-- —-- 88.2
7 FMLY +9.9 -10.6 20.5 HI —-- —-- —-­ 8 CMDY +6.9 -11.5 18.4 HI —-- 12.7 —-­ 9 LIFE +9.1 -11.1 20.2 HI —-- —-- —-­ 10 * VH1 +8.5 -13.3 21.8 HI 57.9 —-- —-­ 11 * CNN +4.1 -12.0 16.1 —-- —-- —-­ 12 A&E +4.3 -3.4 7.7 —-- —-- 87.5
13 CINE +7.1 -4.2 11.3 —-- 2.1 —-­ 14 * SHOW +6.3 -7.5 3.8 —-- —-- —-­ 15 * NICK +10.2 HI -8.2 18.4 HI 55.1 —-- 86.9

------------------------------------------------------------------------­LIMIT CHECK Limit Actual
Min Video Carrier Level: +0.0 dBmV CH 2 -17.7 dBmV Fail
Max Delta Video Levels: 10.0 dB CH 2 & 15 27.9 dB Fail
Min Delta V/A: 6.5 dB CH 2 0.7 dB Fail
Max Delta V/A: 17.0 dB CH 6 28.2 dB Fail
Max Delta Adjacent Channels: 3.0 dB Fail

Conclusion: F A I L

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Reviewed: _____________________________________ Date: __________________

This report is similar to the 24 hour report with only one interval
being reported. The 24 hour video deviation information is not
present.

4-58

4.14 STATUS

To view the Status screen, press the FCN key followed by the Status
second function key. The Status screen provides unit information to
the user. An important feature is the amount of memory currently
being used. This allows the user to decide if unwanted files should to
be deleted to make more memory available for newer files.

(1)

Specification Change - The transmitter output is being changed
from +10 to +40 dBmV to +20 to +50 dBmV. To determine which
transmitter output range is available on your unit, access the Status
screen by pressing the FCN key followed by the status second
function key. If "Enhanced Output" is displayed in the options box,
the transmitter output range is +20 to +50 dBmV.

4-59

SECTION 5 REVERSE SWEEP OPTION

5.1 INTRODUCTION

This section provides detailed operation of the Model 3ST Reverse
Sweep Option. Included are detailed descriptions of how to perform
reverse sweeping as well as the various displays.

5.1.1 Wavetek Stealth Reverse Sweep Concept

With the reverse sweep option, a transmitter is built into the hand­held sweep receiver. The headend sweep transmitter (3ST) is set up
to receive the reverse sweep sent from the field. When a reverse
sweep is activated from a field test point, the headend transmitter
receives the telemetry signal that indicates which receiver is sending
the sweep. The headend transmitter measures the sweep, and sends
the results, along with the serial number of the sending receiver via its
telemetry signal to the field. The field receiver with the tagged serial
number then displays the sweep response as measured in the headend
on its LCD. Only one receiver at a time can perform reverse sweep­ing. If additional receivers attempt to sweep a message is displayed.
The only effect on receivers sweeping in the forward direction is a
slightly slower sweep time.

5.1.2 Basic Reverse Sweep Procedure

Sweeping the reverse path is a little different from sweeping the
forward path. Because the system is designed with appropriate spacing
for the forward high frequency range, the reverse path may not require
amplification at each station. The lower frequencies aren't attenuated
in cable as much as the higher frequencies. In sweeping the forward
path the amplifier is aligned such that its output is within certain
limits (the amplifier compensates for the cable behind it). However in
sweeping the reverse path the amplifier is aligned such that the
response at the headend is within certain limits from this amplifier
alignment point. So, in the reverse path the amplifier compensates for
loss characteristics in the cable in front of it.

5-1

This is why it is best to transmit the sweep from the amplifier test
point and measure it in the headend. This ensures that the system is
properly aligned to carry signals in the reverse path.

5.1.3 Interfacing With Different Network Architectures

Single Cable - Split Band Network

The Model 3ST Sweep Transmitter is connected in the headend as
shown in figure 1. The connections are similar to those made for
forward sweep, with the transmitter output connected to the combin­ing network. The difference is on the input to the 3ST transmitter.
The system signals along with the transmitted signals are tapped off
and coupled together with the reverse signals using a splitter. This
enables the 3ST transmitter to receive both forward and reverse
telemetry and sweep signals.

Figure 1. Single Cable — Split Band Network Reverse Sweep

Configuration With Bi-Directional Test Points.

In the field, systems with bidirectional test points, (forward and
reverse signals both present on the same test point) a summing
network (provided with each reverse sweep option) is used to enable
reception of forward telemetry and sweep, as well as inject reverse
telemetry and sweep. This summing network simplifies the
connection of the field receiver to the test point.

5-2

Systems with directional test points are set up as shown in figure 2.
In this configuration the DDC-20 is used to provide a sample of the
reverse sweep output to the input of the 3SR receiver.

Figure 2. Single Cable - Split Band Network Reverse Sweep

Configuration With Directional Test Points.

Another common architecture, which is only slightly different from
those described above, prescribes the use of fiber optics to "nodes".
In these architectures the installation of the transmitter in the
headend is slightly modified, as shown in figure 3. Notice that a
diplex filter is used on the input of the 3ST Transmitter. This
provides optimal isolation between forward paths and minimal
insertion loss. The connection at the node may be as shown in figure

4. Notice that in this configuration the forward and reverse test points
are separated, and two directional couplers or the DDC-20 must be
used. In all of these connection scenarios, either a summing network
or two directional couplers are used to interface with the system test
points. Care should be taken to use the same interface at each test
point to ensure that the normalization process is cancelling out any
response variation caused by the interface.

It is also important to remember not to make absolute level measure­ments through the summing network due to the insertion loss and
frequency response characteristics of the interface.

5-3

Combining

Network

System Sweep Transmitter 3ST

FILE

AUTO

SETUP

PRINT

SWEEP

SCANLEVEL

TILT

SPECT

MOD

C/N HUM

Figure 3. Transmitter Connections In Headend For Hybrid Fiber/Coax

Networks

Figure 4. Fiber Node Test Point Connections

Dual Cable Network

Another possible, though rare, network configuration is the "Dual
Cable Network", in which a full bandwidth is used for both forward
and reverse - essentially two cable systems overlaying each other with
signals carried in opposite directions. These networks are impossible
to sweep simultaneously in both directions with one man.

5-4

The problem is that the two systems use the same spectrum,
making it impossible to distinguish between the two with one
instrument.

The recommended method for these systems is to first sweep the
forward portion of the network, then move the transmitter out to the
furthest extremity and sweep the reverse portion.

5.2 HOW TO SETUP FOR REVERSE SWEEPING

To setup the Reverse Sweep on the 3ST, press the SETUP key and
select the “Sweep Transmitter” option from the Setup menu. The
Sweep Receiver setup screen will appear.

5.2.1 Enable or Disable Reverse Sweep

When Reverse Sweep is enabled, both Forward and Reverse sweep­ing can be performed. Only Forward sweeping is possible when
Reverse Sweep is disabled.

5-5

IMPORTANT: Reverse Sweep should be disabled when there are

no 3SR units being used with the Reverse Sweep
option. This will optimize the update rate of the
Forward Sweep. It should also be disabled if you
are using the 3HRV for reverse sweeping.

5.2.2 Select the Frequency of the Reverse Telemetry Carrier

This is the frequency at which 3SR units with the Reverse Sweep
option will transmit telemetry data. Optimally this will be in a
portion of the reverse frequency band with at least 1 MHz free, and
at best case, in the high end of the return band to avoid potential
interference from ingress.

IMPORTANT: The frequency the reverse telemetry carrier should

be carefully selected such that it will not interfere
with any existing carriers on the reverse plant.

5.2.3 Access Reverse Sweep Plans

Reverse Sweep Plans are used to define the frequencies at which
sweep points will be inserted by 3SR units with the Reverse Sweep
option. To access Reverse Sweep Plans, select the “Reverse Sweep
Plans” option and then press the ENTER key.

5.2.4 Selecting a Reverse Sweep Plan

The Reverse Sweep Plan screen presents a list of all Reverse Sweep
Plans stored in memory. The current active Reverse Sweep Plan is
displayed beneath the list of plans. Use the up or down arrow to
select the plan you want, then press the Load soft key to load the
selected plan into memory for use. Press the EXIT soft key to return
to the previous screen or the SWEEP key to begin sweeping.

5-6

5.2.5 Creating a New Reverse Sweep Plan

Press the New soft key to create a new Reverse Sweep Plan. You will
be asked to enter a name for the plan that you are creating. Use the
alphanumeric keys followed by the ENTER key. Then press the OK
soft key to continue.

NOTE: A warning message will appear if a Reverse Sweep Plan

currently exists with the same name as the plan you are
creating.

5-7

Next, enter the Start Frequency. This will be the frequency of the
first sweep point in the plan. Use the numeric keys followed by the
ENTER key. Then press the OK soft key to continue.

The Interval is entered next. This interval determines the spacing
between sweep points. Use the numeric keys followed by the
ENTER key. Then press the OK soft key to continue.

5-8

Finally, you are asked to enter the Stop Frequency. There will be no
sweep points generated beyond the Stop Frequency. Use the
numeric keys followed by the ENTER key. Then press the OK soft
key to continue.

5-9

Sweep points are generated beginning at the Start Frequency and
continuing until the Stop Frequency is reached. The frequency of
each point is calculated by adding the Step Interval to the frequency
of the previous point.

After it has been created, the new plan will appear in the Reverse
Sweep Plan list.

5.2.6 Editing a Reverse Sweep Plan

If desired, the selected Reverse Sweep Plan can be viewed and
modified.

IMPORTANT: You should verify that none of the sweep points

contained within the Reverse Sweep Plan will
interfere with existing carriers on the reverse plant.

Press the Edit soft key to display the following screen:

This screen shows a list of sweep points contained within the se­lected Reverse Sweep Plan. The list consists of the sweep point
number followed by the frequency of the sweep point. Use the up
and down arrows to scroll through the list.

5-10

Note that the frequency of the selected sweep point also appears in
the edit box below the list. You can change the frequency by using
the numeric keys followed by the ENTER key. The list will be
updated when the ENTER key is pressed.

To remove a sweep point, use the up or down arrow to select the
point to be removed, then press the Delete soft key.

Press the Add soft key to insert a new sweep point into the plan.
The new point will be at the same frequency as the point that was
selected when the Add soft key was pressed. You will need to set the
new point to the desired frequency using the edit box.

When you are finished editing the Reverse Sweep Plan, press the
EXIT soft key to return to the previous screen.

5-11

APPENDIX A STATUS INDICATORS/ICONS

INTRODUCTION

There are numerous status indicators/icons displayed on the Stealth
3ST. The following is a list of all status indicators/icons and an
explanation of each. The status indicators are displayed in the title
bar as shown in the example below.

- Video Carrier

- Audio Carrier

- Single Carrier

- DUAL Carrier

- Band Pass Filter (Hum screen)

- Low Pass Filter (Hum screen)

- Noise (C/N screen)

A-1

APPENDIX B USER MESSAGES

INTRODUCTION

There are numerous user messages that will appear on the unit.
Some messages can be caused by improper operation or unit malfunc­tion. The following list provides an explanation of the condition that
caused the message to appear, followed by the suggested response:

Message ERROR... No STEALTH telemetry!

Condition No telemetry established between

Transmitter and Receiver

Response Check connection and ensure

telemetry frequencies are matched.

Message SORRY... The selected reference cannot be used!

Condition The channel plan has been
changed or a different channel plan
has been selected since
storing the reference.

Response Delete the incompatible reference

and select another or store a new
reference.

Message ERROR... The synthesizer has become unlocked!

Condition The PLL synthesizer has become

unlocked.

Response Indicates a problem with the

circuitry, service is required.

Message ERROR... The noise frequency is out of range!

Condition The noise offset frequency plus the

carrier frequency exceeds the range
of the unit.

Response Choose a smaller noise offset

frequency value.

B-1

Message ERROR... Insufficient signal level to perform the

measurement!

Condition A minimum carrier level is required

for C/N and HUM measurements.

Response Choose another channel or

frequency with greater than the
minimum level.

Message SORRY... This is an illegal name and cannot be

used.

Condition An illegal name has been entered.
Response Choose another name.

Message WARNING...A reference with this name already

exists. Overwrite?

Condition A reference with the same name

currently exists.

Response Overwrite the existing reference or

choose another name.

Message SORRY... This is an invalid name. Please try again.

Condition An invalid name has been entered.
Response The name must contain at least one

character.

Message SORRY... There is not enough memory to store a

new reference!

Condition Memory is currently at maximum

capacity.

Response Delete unwanted files to make

more memory available.

Message WARNING... The selected reference will be deleted!

Condition A reference file is about to be

deleted.

Response Press OK to delete.

B-2

Message ERROR... The selected reference has been

corrupted!

Condition The reference cannot be used

because of a non-volatile
memory failure.

Response Delete the corrupted reference and

select another.

Message SORRY... Not enough sweeps have occurred to
store an accurate reference. Please allow more
time in SWEEP.

Condition An attempt to store a reference

without sufficient sweeps.

Response Allow more time in Sweep Mode.

Message ERROR... A system error has occurred!

Condition A system error has been detected.

Response Restart the unit and try again.

Message ERROR... There is no response from the printer!

Condition The printer is not responding to the

unit.

Response Check printer connection and

compatibility.

Message SORRY... There is nothing to print! Please select a

measurement mode before attempting to print.

Condition An attempt to print was made

without being in a measurement
mode.

Response Choose a measurement mode.

Message WARNING... A sweep file with this name already

exists. Overwrite?

Condition A sweep file with the same name

currently exists.

Response Overwrite or choose another name.

B-3

Message SORRY... There is not enough memory to store a

new file!

Condition Memory is currently at maximum

capacity.

Response Delete unwanted files to make

more memory available.

Message WARNING... The selected sweep file will be
deleted!

Condition A sweep file is about to be deleted.
Response Press OK to delete.

Message ERROR... The selected sweep file has been

corrupted!

Condition The file cannot be used because of

a non-volatile memory failure.

Response Delete the corrupted file and select

another sweep file.

Message ERROR... A system error has occurred! Please
select another mode.

Condition A system error has been detected.
Response Select another measurement mode

or restart the unit and try again.

Message ERROR... At least two tilt channels must be

programmed and enabled! Please select another
mode.

Condition Tilt mode is selected with less than

two tilt channelsprogrammed.

Response Edit channel plan to program at

least two tilt channels.

Message WARNING... The selected plan will be deleted.

Condition A channel plan is about to be

deleted.

Response Press OK to delete, STOP to

B-4

cancel.

Message SORRY... The active plan cannot be deleted!

Condition An attempt to delete the active

channel plan.

Response Select a different plan as the active

plan, then delete the desired plan.

Message ERROR... This plan is corrupted and cannot be

used!

Condition The plan cannot be used because
of a non-volatile memory
failure.

Response Delete the plan and then choose

another.

Message WARNING... A plan with this name already exists.

Overwrite?

Condition A channel plan with the same name

currently exists.

Response Overwrite or choose another name.

Message SORRY...This is the name of a fixed plan and

cannot be used.

Condition An attempt was made to name a

channel plan with the name of a
fixed plan.

Response Choose another name.

Message ERROR... The stop frequency has been set too low.

Condition The stop frequency has been set

below the lowest channel in the
selected fixed plan.

Response Enter a higher stop frequency.

Message SORRY... This cannot be completed due to a system

error.

Condition A system error was detected.

Response Restart the unit and try again.

Message WARNING... This channel will be deleted!

Condition A channel is about to be deleted.

B-5