Texas Instruments TI-92 Guidebook
TI-92
GUIDEBOOK
The
Geometry IIè, who are with the Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France.
The
of the
Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
Cabri Geometry II is a trademark of Université Joseph Fourier.
TI-GRAPH LINK, Calculator-Based Laboratory, CBL, CBL 2, Calculator-Based Ranger,
CBR, Constant Memory, Automatic Power Down, APD, and EOS are trademarks of
Texas Instruments Incorporated.
© 1995–1998, 2001 Texas Instruments Incorporated
Geometry was jointly developed by TI and the authors of Cabri
TI-92
Symbolic Manipulation was jointly developed by TI and the authors
TI-92
program, who are with Soft Warehouse, Inc., Honolulu, HI.
DERIVE
ë
Important
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Concerning Radio
Frequency
Interference
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
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or more of the following measures:
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Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
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Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
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Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from
that to which the receiver is connected.
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Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician
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Any changes or modifications to this equipment not
ii
Table of Contents
This guidebook describes how to use the TI-92. The table of
contents can help you locate “getting started” information as
well as detailed information about the TI-92’s features.
How to Use this Guidebook................................................................... viii
Chapter 1: Getting Started
Chapter 2: Operating the
Chapter 3: Basic Function Graphing
TI-92
Getting the
Performing Computations ........................................................................ 4
Graphing a Function.................................................................................. 7
Constructing Geometric Objects ............................................................. 9
Turning the
Setting the Display Contrast................................................................... 15
The Keyboard ........................................................................................... 16
Home Screen ............................................................................................ 19
Entering Numbers.................................................................................... 21
Entering Expressions and Instructions................................................. 22
Formats of Displayed Results ................................................................ 25
Editing an Expression in the Entry Line............................................... 28
Menus............................................................................................... 30
TI-92
Selecting an Application ......................................................................... 33
Setting Modes ........................................................................................... 35
Using the Catalog to Select a Command............................................... 37
Storing and Recalling Variable Values................................................... 38
Re-using a Previous Entry or the Last Answer..................................... 40
Auto-Pasting an Entry or Answer from the History Area ................... 42
Status Line Indicators in the Display..................................................... 43
Preview of Basic Function Graphing..................................................... 46
Overview of Steps in Graphing Functions............................................ 47
Setting the Graph Mode .......................................................................... 48
Defining Functions for Graphing........................................................... 49
Selecting Functions to Graph................................................................. 51
Setting the Display Style for a Function ............................................... 52
Defining the Viewing Window................................................................ 53
Changing the Graph Format ................................................................... 54
Graphing the Selected Functions........................................................... 55
Displaying Coordinates with the Free-Moving Cursor........................ 56
Tracing a Function................................................................................... 57
Using Zooms to Explore a Graph........................................................... 59
Using Math Tools to Analyze Functions ............................................... 62
Ready to Use................................................................. 2
TI.92
On and Off.................................................................. 14
TI-92
Chapter 4: Tables
Preview of Tables..................................................................................... 68
Overview of Steps in Generating a Table.............................................. 69
Setting Up the Table Parameters ........................................................... 70
Displaying an Automatic Table .............................................................. 72
Building a Manual (Ask) Table............................................................... 75
iii
Table of Contents
(Continued)
Chapter 5: Using Split Screens
Chapter 6: Symbolic Manipulation
Chapter 7: Geometry
Preview of Split Screens ......................................................................... 78
Setting and Exiting the Split Screen Mode ........................................... 79
Selecting the Active Application............................................................ 81
Preview of Symbolic Manipulation........................................................ 84
Using Undefined or Defined Variables.................................................. 85
Using Exact, Approximate, and Auto Modes ....................................... 87
Automatic Simplification ........................................................................ 90
Delayed Simplification for Certain Built-In Functions ....................... 92
Substituting Values and Setting Constraints ........................................93
Overview of the Algebra Menu............................................................... 96
Common Algebraic Operations.............................................................. 98
Overview of the Calc Menu................................................................... 101
Common Calculus Operations ............................................................. 102
User-Defined Functions and Symbolic Manipulation ....................... 103
If You Get an Out-of-Memory Error..................................................... 105
Special Constants Used in Symbolic Manipulation........................... 106
Preview of Geometry............................................................................. 108
Learning the Basics................................................................................ 109
Managing File Operations..................................................................... 116
Setting Application Preferences........................................................... 117
Selecting and Moving Objects .............................................................. 120
Deleting Objects from a Construction................................................. 121
Creating Points....................................................................................... 122
Creating Lines, Segments, Rays, and Vectors..................................... 124
Creating Circles and Arcs ..................................................................... 127
Creating Triangles.................................................................................. 129
Creating Polygons.................................................................................. 130
Constructing Perpendicular and Parallel Lines ................................. 132
Constructing Perpendicular and Angle Bisectors.............................. 134
Creating Midpoints ................................................................................ 135
Transferring Measurements.................................................................. 136
Creating a Locus..................................................................................... 138
Redefining Point Definitions ................................................................ 139
Translating Objects................................................................................ 140
Rotating and Dilating Objects .............................................................. 141
Creating Reflections and Inverse Objects........................................... 146
Measuring Objects ................................................................................. 149
Determining Equations and Coordinates............................................ 151
Performing Calculations ....................................................................... 152
Collecting Data....................................................................................... 153
Checking Properties of Objects ........................................................... 154
Putting Objects in Motion..................................................................... 156
Controlling How Objects Are Displayed............................................. 158
Adding Descriptive Information to Objects........................................ 161
Creating Macros ..................................................................................... 164
Geometry Toolbar Menu Items ............................................................ 167
Pointing Indicators and Terms Used in Geometry ............................ 169
Helpful Shortcuts ................................................................................... 170
iv
Chapter 8: Data/Matrix Editor
Preview of the Data/Matrix Editor....................................................... 172
Overview of List, Data, and Matrix Variables..................................... 173
Starting a Data/Matrix Editor Session................................................. 175
Entering and Viewing Cell Values........................................................ 177
Inserting and Deleting a Row, Column, or Cell.................................. 180
Defining a Column Header with an Expression................................. 182
Using Shift and CumSum Functions in a Column Header................ 184
Sorting Columns..................................................................................... 185
Saving a Copy of a List, Data, or Matrix Variable .............................. 186
Chapter 9: Statistics and Data Plots
Chapter 10: Additional Home Screen Topics
Chapter 11: Parametric Graphing
Preview of Statistics and Data Plots.................................................... 188
Overview of Steps in Statistical Analysis............................................ 192
Performing a Statistical Calculation.................................................... 193
Statistical Calculation Types................................................................ 195
Statistical Variables ............................................................................... 197
Defining a Statistical Plot...................................................................... 198
Statistical Plot Types............................................................................. 200
Using the Y= Editor with Stat Plots..................................................... 202
Graphing and Tracing a Defined Stat Plot.......................................... 203
Using Frequencies and Categories ...................................................... 204
If You Have a CBL 2/CBL or CBR........................................................206
Saving the Home Screen Entries as a Text Editor Script ................. 210
Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Information ........................................211
Creating and Evaluating User-Defined Functions ............................. 213
Using Folders to Store Independent Sets of Variables ..................... 216
If an Entry or Answer Is “Too Big” ......................................................219
Preview of Parametric Graphing.......................................................... 222
Overview of Steps in Graphing Parametric Equations...................... 223
Differences in Parametric and Function Graphing............................ 224
Chapter 12: Polar Graphing
Chapter 13: Sequence Graphing
Preview of Polar Graphing.................................................................... 228
Overview of Steps in Graphing Polar Equations................................ 229
Differences in Polar and Function Graphing...................................... 230
Preview of Sequence Graphing ............................................................ 234
Overview of Steps in Graphing Sequences ......................................... 235
Differences in Sequence and Function Graphing .............................. 236
Setting Axes for Time, Web, or Custom Plots.................................... 240
Using Web Plots ..................................................................................... 241
Using Custom Plots ............................................................................... 244
Using a Sequence to Generate a Table................................................ 245
Comparison of
TI-92
and
Sequence Functions.......................... 246
TI-82
v
Table of Contents
(Continued)
Chapter 14: 3D Graphing
Chapter 15: Additional Graphing Topics
Chapter 16: Text Editor
Preview of 3D Graphing........................................................................ 248
Overview of Steps in Graphing 3D Equations .................................... 249
Differences in 3D and Function Graphing.......................................... 250
Moving the Cursor in 3D ....................................................................... 253
Rotating and/or Elevating the Viewing Angle..................................... 255
Changing the Axes and Style Formats ................................................ 257
Preview of Additional Graphing Topics.............................................. 260
Collecting Data Points from a Graph .................................................. 261
Graphing a Function Defined on the Home Screen........................... 262
Graphing a Piecewise Defined Function............................................. 264
Graphing a Family of Curves................................................................ 266
Using the Two-Graph Mode.................................................................. 267
Drawing a Function or Inverse on a Graph ........................................ 270
Drawing a Line, Circle, or Text Label on a Graph ............................. 271
Saving and Opening a Picture of a Graph........................................... 275
Animating a Series of Graph Pictures ................................................. 277
Saving and Opening a Graph Database ............................................... 278
Preview of Text Operations.................................................................. 280
Starting a Text Editor Session.............................................................. 281
Entering and Editing Text..................................................................... 283
Entering Special Characters ..................................................................286
Entering and Executing a Command Script....................................... 288
Creating a Lab Report............................................................................ 290
Chapter 17: Programming
vi
Preview of Programming ...................................................................... 294
Running an Existing Program .............................................................. 296
Starting a Program Editor Session....................................................... 298
Overview of Entering a Program ......................................................... 300
Overview of Entering a Function......................................................... 303
Calling One Program from Another..................................................... 305
Using Variables in a Program ............................................................... 306
String Operations ................................................................................... 308
Conditional Tests ................................................................................... 310
Using If, Lbl, and Goto to Control Program Flow.............................. 311
Using Loops to Repeat a Group of Commands.................................. 313
............................................................................. 316
Configuring the
Getting Input from the User and Displaying Output .........................317
Creating a Table or Graph..................................................................... 319
Drawing on the Graph Screen .............................................................. 321
Accessing Another
Debugging Programs and Handling Errors......................................... 324
Example: Using Alternative Approaches ............................................ 325
TI-92
a CBL 2/CBL, or a CBR..............................323
TI-92,
Chapter 18: Memory and Variable Management
Preview of Memory and Variable Management ................................. 328
Checking and Resetting Memory ......................................................... 330
Displaying the
Manipulating Variables and Folders with
Pasting a Variable Name to an Application ........................................ 335
Transmitting Variables between Two
Transmitting Variables under Program Control................................. 339
VAR-LINK
Screen........................................................... 331
VAR-LINK
s ...................................... 336
TI-92
.......................... 333
Chapter 19: Applications
Appendix A: TI-92 Functions and Instructions
App. 1: Analyzing the Pole-Corner Problem ....................................... 342
App. 2: Deriving the Quadratic Formula ............................................. 344
App. 3: Exploring a Matrix.................................................................... 346
App. 4: Exploring cos(x) = sin(x) ........................................................ 347
App. 5: Finding Minimum Surface Area of a Parallelepiped ............ 348
App. 6: Running a Tutorial Script Using the Text Editor.................. 350
App. 7: Decomposing a Rational Function ......................................... 352
App. 8: Studying Statistics: Filtering Data by Categories ................. 354
App. 9: CBL 2/CBL Program for the TI
App. 10: Studying the Flight of a Hit Baseball.................................... 358
App. 11: Visualizing Complex Zeros of a Cubic Polynomial .............. 360
App. 12: Exploring Euclidean Geometry............................................. 362
App. 13: Creating a Trisection Macro in Geometry ........................... 364
App. 14: Solving a Standard Annuity Problem ................................... 367
App. 15: Computing the Time-Value-of-Money .................................. 368
App. 16: Finding Rational, Real, and Complex Factors .................... 369
App. 17: A Simple Function for Finding Eigenvalues........................ 370
App. 18: Simulation of Sampling without Replacement.................... 371
Quick-Find Locator................................................................................ 374
Alphabetical Listing of Operations ...................................................... 377
92..........................................357
-
Appendix B: Reference Information
Appendix C: Service and Warranty Information
Index
TI-92 Error Messages ............................................................................ 472
TI-92 Modes............................................................................................ 479
TI-92 Character Codes .......................................................................... 483
TI-92 Key Map ........................................................................................ 484
Complex Numbers ................................................................................. 488
Accuracy Information............................................................................ 490
System Variables and Reserved Names .............................................. 491
EOSé (Equation Operating System) Hierarchy................................. 492
Battery Information ............................................................................... 496
In Case of Difficulty............................................................................... 498
Support and Service Information......................................................... 499
Warranty Information............................................................................ 500
General Index ......................................................................................... 503
Geometry Index...................................................................................... 516
vii
p
How to Use this Guidebook
The last thing most people want to do is read a book of
instructions before using a new product. With the
can perform a variety of calculations without opening the
guidebook. However, by reading at least parts of the book and
skimming through the rest, you can learn about capabilities
that let you use the
more effectively.
TI-92
TI-92
, you
How the Guidebook Is Organized
Which Chapters Should You Read?
The
screen, Y= Editor, Graph screen, Geometry, etc.) that are explained
in this guidebook. Generally, the guidebook is divided into three
major parts.
¦
¦
¦
Particularly when you first get started, you may not need to use all of
the
that apply to you. It’s a little like the dictionary. If you’re looking for
xylophone, skip A through W.
If you want to: Go to:
Get an overview
of the
capabilities
has a wide variety of features and applications (Home
TI-92
Chapters 1 – 9 cover topics that are often used by people who are
just getting started with the
Chapters 10 – 19 cover additional topics that may not be used
right away (depending on your situation).
The appendices provide useful reference information, as well as
service and warranty information.
’s capabilities. Therefore, you only need to read the chapters
TI-92
Chapter 1
TI-92
and its
to get you started performing calculations,
graphing functions, constructing geometric
objects, etc.
Chapter 2
about operating the
chapter primarily covers the Home screen,
much of the information applies to any
application.
.
TI-92
— Contains step-by-step examples
— Gives general information
. Although this
TI-92
Learn about a
articular
application or
topic
Although you don’t need to read every chapter, skim through the
entire guidebook and stop at anything that interests you. You may
find a feature that could be very useful, but you might not know it
exists if you don’t look around.
viii
The applicable chapter
learn how to graph a function, go to
Chapter 3: Basic Function Graphing.
Most chapters start with a step-by-step
“preview” example that illustrates one or
more of the topics covered in that chapter.
— For example, to
How Do I Look Up Information?
Because the book is big, it’s important that you know how to look
things up quickly. Use the:
¦
Table of contents
¦
Index
¦
Appendix A (for detailed information about a particular
function or instruction)
TI-92
Notes about Appendix A
Long after you learn to use the
a valuable reference.
¦
You can access most of the
selecting them from menus. Use Appendix A for details about the
arguments and syntax used for each function and instruction.
− You can also use the Help information that is displayed at the
bottom of the
¦
At the beginning of Appendix A, the available functions and
instructions are grouped into categories. This can help you locate
a function or instruction if you don’t know its name.
− Also refer to Chapter 17, which categorizes program
commands.
CATALOG
, Appendix A can continue to be
TI-92
’s functions and instructions by
TI-92
menu, as described in Chapter 2.
ix
Chapter 1: Getting Started
Getting the TI-92 Ready to Use ................................................................ 2
Performing Computations ........................................................................ 4
Graphing a Function.................................................................................. 7
Constructing Geometric Objects ............................................................. 9
1
This chapter helps you to get started using the
chapter takes you through several examples to introduce you to
some of the principle operating and graphing functions of the
.
TI-92
After setting up your
read Chapter 2: Operating the
advance to the detailed information provided in the remaining
chapters in this guidebook.
and completing these examples, please
TI-92
. You then will be prepared to
TI-92
quickly. This
TI-92
Chapter 1: Getting Started 1
Getting the TI.92 Ready to Use
2
The TI-92 comes with four AA batteries. This section
describes how to install these batteries, turn the unit on for the
first time, set the display contrast, and view the Home screen.
Installing the AA Batteries
Important: When replacing
batteries in the future,
ensure that the
turned off by pressing
®.
TI-92
is
To install the four AA alkaline batteries:
1. Holding the
unit upright, slide the latch on the top of the
TI-92
unit to the right unlocked position; slide the rear cover down
about one-eighth inch and remove it from the main unit.
2. Place the
Slide to open.
I/O
face down on a soft cloth to prevent scratching the
TI-92
top
display face.
3. Install the four AA batteries. Be sure to position the batteries
according to the diagram inside the unit. The positive (+) terminal
of each battery should point toward the top of the unit.
AA batteries
back
4. Replace the rear cover and slide the latch on the top of the unit to
Turning the Unit On and Adjusting the Display Contrast
To turn the unit on and adjust the display after installing the
batteries:
1. Press ´ to turn the
2. To adjust the display to your satisfaction, hold down ¥
2 Chapter 1: Getting Started
the left locked position to lock the cover back in place.
on.
TI-92
The Home screen is displayed; however, the display contrast may
be too dark or too dim to see anything. (When you want to turn
the
off, press 2 ®.)
TI-92
(diamond symbol inside a green border) and momentarily press
| (minus key) to lighten the display. Hold down ¥ and
momentarily press « (plus key) to darken the display.
About the Home Screen
When you first turn on your
, a blank Home screen is displayed.
TI-92
The Home screen lets you execute instructions, evaluate
expressions, and view results.
The following example contains previously entered data and
describes the main parts of the Home screen. Entry/answer pairs in
the history area are displayed in “pretty print.”
History Area
Lists entry/answer pairs
you have entered. Pairs
scroll up the screen as
you make new entries.
Last Entry
Your last entry.
Entry Line
Where you enter
expressions or
instructions.
Toolbar
Lets you display menus for
selecting operations
applicable to the Home
screen. To display a toolbar
menu, press ƒ, „, etc.
Last Answer
Result of your last entry.
Note that results are not
displayed on the entry line.
Status Line
Shows the current state
of the calculator.
Chapter 1: Getting Started 3
Performing Computations
This section provides several examples for you to perform that demonstrate some of the
computational features of the TI-92. The history area in each screen was cleared by
pressing ƒ and selecting 8:Clear Home, before performing each example, to illustrate
only the results of the example’s keystrokes.
Steps Keystrokes Display
Showing Computations
1. Compute
sin(p/4)
and display the
result in symbolic and numeric
format.
To clear the history area of previous
calculations, press
Home.
and select
ƒ
8:Clear
Finding the Factorial of Numbers
1. Compute the factorial of several
numbers to see how the TI-92
handles very large integers.
To get the factorial operator (!), press
2 I, select
select
1:!
.
7:Probability
, and then
Expanding Complex Numbers
3
1. Compute
to see how the TI-92
(3+5i)
handles computations involving
complex numbers.
W2T
e4d¸¥
¸
5 2I71
¸
202I71
¸
302I71
¸
c 3 « 5 2)
dZ3¸
Finding Prime Factors
1. Compute the factors of the rational
number
You can enter “factor” on the entry line by
typing
pressing
Optional
2. (
2634492
FACTOR
„
.
on the keyboard, or by
and selecting
2:factor(
.
) Enter other numbers on
your own.
4 Chapter 1: Getting Started
FACTORc
2634492d
¸
Steps Keystrokes Display
Expanding Expressions
3
1. Expand the expression
You can enter “expand” on the entry line by
typing
EXPAND
pressing
on the keyboard, or by
and selecting
„
3:expand(
(xì5)
.
.
EXPANDc
cX|5d
Z3d
¸
2. (Optional) Enter other expressions
on your own.
Reducing Expressions
2
1. Reduce the expression
(x
ì2xì
5)/(xì1)
to its simplest form.
You can enter “propFrac” on the entry line
by typing
by pressing
PROPFRAC
„
on the keyboard, or
and selecting
7:propFrac(.
PROPFRACc
cXZ2|2X
|5de
cX|1dd
¸
Factoring Polynomials
2
ì
1. Factor the polynomial
respect to
You can enter “factor” on the entry line by
typing
pressing
x
FACTOR
and selecting
„
.
on the keyboard or by
5)
(x
2:factor(
with
.
FACTORc
XZ2|5
bXd
¸
Solving Equations
2
1. Solve the equation
respect to
You can enter “solve(” on the entry line by
selecting
typing
pressing
The status line area shows the required
syntax for the marked item in the Catalog
menu.
x
“solve(”
SOLVE(
and selecting
„
.
on the keyboard, or by
ì2xì
x
from the Catalog menu, by
6=2
1:solve(
with
.
2½S
(press D until
the ú mark
points to
¸
solve(
X Z 2 | 2X|6
Á2bXd
¸
)
Chapter 1: Getting Started 5
Performing Computations
Steps Keystrokes Display
(Continued)
Solving Equations with a Domain
Constraint
1. Solve the equation
respect to
where x is greater than
x
zero.
Pressing
operator (domain constraint).
produces the “with” (I)
K
2
x
ì2xì
6=2
with
2½S
(press D until
the ú mark
points to
¸
solve(
X Z 2 | 2X|6
Á2
bXd2KX
2Ã0
¸
)
2
Finding the Derivative of Functions
1. Find the derivative of
(xìy)3/(x+y)
2
with respect to x.
This example illustrates using the calculus
differentiation function and how the function
is displayed in “pretty print” in the history
area.
2=cX|Y
dZ3ecX«
YdZ2bXd
¸
Finding the Integral of Functions
1. Find the integral of
respect to
This example illustrates using the calculus
integration function.
.
x
xùsin(x)
with
2<XpW
XdbXd
¸
6 Chapter 1: Getting Started
Graphing a Function
The example in this section demonstrates some of the graphing capabilities of the
It illustrates how to graph a function using the Y= Editor. You will learn how to enter a
function, produce a graph of the function, trace a curve, find a minimum point, and
transfer the minimum coordinates to the Home screen.
2
Explore the graphing capabilities of the
by graphing the function
TI-92
Steps Keystrokes Display
1. Display the Y= Editor.
2. Enter the function
(abs(x
2
ì3)ì
10)/2
¥#
.
c ABScXZ2
|3d|10d
e2¸
y=(|x
ì3|ì
“pretty print”
display of the
function in the
entry line
TI-92
.
10)/2
entry line
.
3. Display the graph of the function.
Select
6:ZoomStd
moving the cursor to
pressing
¸
by pressing 6 or by
6:ZoomStd
.
and
4. Turn on Trace.
The tracing cursor, and the x and y
coordinates are displayed.
„ 6
…
tracing
cursor
Chapter 1: Getting Started 7
Graphing a Function
Steps Keystrokes Display
(Continued)
5. Open the
3:Minimum
menu and select
MATH
.
6. Set the lower bound.
Press B (right cursor) to move the tracing
cursor until the lower bound for x is just to
the left of the minimum node before
pressing
the second time.
¸
7. Set the upper bound.
Press B (right cursor) to move the tracing
cursor until the upper bound for x is just to
the right of the minimum node.
8. Find the minimum point on the graph
between the lower and upper bounds.
‡DD
¸
B
B
...
¸
B
B
...
¸
9. Transfer the result to the Home
screen, and then display the Home
screen.
8 Chapter 1: Getting Started
minimum point
minimum coordinates
¥ H
¥"
Constructing Geometric Objects
This section provides a multi-part example about constructing
geometric objects using the Geometry application of the
You will learn how to construct a triangle and measure its
area, construct perpendicular bisectors to two of the sides,
and construct a circle centered at the intersection of the two
bisectors that will circumscribe the triangle.
TI-92
.
Getting Started in Geometry
Note: Each of the following
example modules require
that you complete the
previous module.
To start a Geometry session, you first have to give it a name.
83
1. Press O
the
dialog box.
New
to display
2. Press DG1 as the name
for the new construction,
and press ¸.
3. Press ¸ to display the
Geometry drawing
window.
Chapter 1: Getting Started 9
Constructing Geometric Objects
(Continued)
Creating a Triangle
To create a triangle:
1. Press … and select
3:Triangle
.
2. Move the cursor (#) to the
desired location, and press
¸ to define the first
point.
3. Move the cursor to another
location, and press ¸
to define the second point.
4. Move the cursor to the
third location, and press
¸ again to complete
the triangle.
Measuring the Area of the Triangle
Note: Default
measurements are in
centimeters. See “Setting
Application Preferences” in
Chapter 7 to change to
other unit measurements.
To measure the area of the triangle that you constructed in the
previous example:
1. Press ˆ and select
2:Area.
2. Move the cursor, if
necessary, until
TRIANGLE”
“THIS
is displayed.
3. Press ¸ to display the
result.
10 Chapter 1: Getting Started
Constructing the Perpendicular Bisectors
To construct the perpendicular bisector to two sides of the triangle:
1. Press † and select
4:Perpendicular Bisector
2. Move the cursor close to
the triangle until a
message is displayed that
indicates a side of the
triangle.
3. Press ¸ to construct
the first bisector.
4. Move the cursor to one of
the other two sides until
the message is displayed
(same as step 2), and press
¸ to construct the
second bisector.
.
Finding the Intersection Point of Two Lines
To find the intersection point of the two bisectors:
1. Press „ and select
3:Intersection Point
2. Select the first line, and
then press ¸.
3. Select the second line, and
then press ¸ to create
the intersection point.
.
Chapter 1: Getting Started 11
Constructing Geometric Objects
(Continued)
Creating a Circle
Hint: See “Measuring the
Area of the Triangle” on the
previous page.
To create a circle whose centerpoint is at the intersection of the two
bisectors and whose radius is attached to one of the triangle’s vertex
points:
1. Press … and select
1:Circle
.
2. Move the cursor to the
intersection point of the
two perpendicular
bisectors, and press ¸
to define the centerpoint
of the circle.
3. Move the cursor away
from the centerpoint to
expand the circle until the
cursor is near one of the
vertices of the triangle and
“THIS RADIUS POINT”
appears.
4. Press ¸ to construct
the circle.
5. Measure the area of the
circle.
Effects of Modifying the Triangle
This example illustrates the interactive features of the
grab one vertex of the triangle to modify the triangle’s shape. The
size of the circle, as well as the areas of the triangle and circle, will
change accordingly.
To observe the interactive features of the
1. Press ƒ and select
Note: The circle stays
attached to the triangle, and
the areas of the triangle and
circle change.
12 Chapter 1: Getting Started
2. Press and hold ‚
1:Pointer.
Move the cursor
to one of the intersecting
points of the circle and
triangle until
“THIS POINT”
appears, and then press
¸.
(dragging hand) with your
left thumb while pressing
the cursor with your right
thumb to drag the selected
point to its new location.
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. You will
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:
Chapter 2:
Operating the TI.92
2
Turning the
Setting the Display Contrast................................................................... 15
The Keyboard ........................................................................................... 16
Home Screen ............................................................................................ 19
Entering Numbers.................................................................................... 21
Entering Expressions and Instructions................................................. 22
Formats of Displayed Results ................................................................ 25
Editing an Expression in the Entry Line............................................... 28
Menus............................................................................................... 30
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Selecting an Application ......................................................................... 33
Setting Modes ........................................................................................... 35
Using the Catalog to Select a Command............................................... 37
Storing and Recalling Variable Values................................................... 38
Reusing a Previous Entry or the Last Answer...................................... 40
Auto-Pasting an Entry or Answer from the History Area ................... 42
Status Line Indicators in the Display..................................................... 43
This chapter gives a general overview of the
its basic operations. By becoming familiar with the information in
this chapter, you can use the
effectively.
On and Off.................................................................. 14
TI-92
and describes
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to solve problems more
TI-92
The Home screen is the most commonly used application on the
. You can use the Home screen to perform a wide variety of
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mathematical operations.
Chapter 2: Operating the TI.92 13
p
p
Turning the
TI.92
On and Off
Turning the
TI.92
On
Turning the
TI.92
Off
Note:
function of the ´ key.
is the second
®
You can turn the TI-92 on and off manually by using the
and 2 ® (or ¥ ® ) keys. To prolong battery life, the
APDé (Automatic Power Down) feature lets the TI-92 turn
itself off automatically.
Press ´.
¦
If you turned the unit off by pressing 2 ®, the
Home screen as it was when you last used it.
¦
If you turned the unit off by pressing ¥ ® or if the unit turned
itself off through APD, the
You can use either of the following keys to turn off the
Press: Description
2 ®
(press 2
and then
ress ®)
Settings and memory contents are retained by the
Constant Memoryé feature. However:
¦
You cannot use 2 ® if an error message is
displayed.
¦
When you turn the
displays the Home screen (regardless of the last
application you used).
will be exactly as you left it.
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on again, it always
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shows the
´
.
APD (Automatic Power Down)
Batteries
¥ ®
(press ¥
and then
ress ®)
After several minutes without any activity, the
automatically. This feature is called APD.
When you press ´, the
¦
The display, cursor, and any error conditions are exactly as you
left them.
¦
All settings and memory contents are retained.
APD does not occur if a calculation or program is in progress, unless
the program is paused.
The
battery. To replace the batteries without losing any information
stored in memory, follow the directions in Appendix C.
uses four AA alkaline batteries and a back-up lithium
TI-92
Similar to 2 ® except:
¦
You can use ¥ ® if an error message is
displayed.
¦
When you turn the
exactly as you left it.
will be exactly as you left it.
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on again, it will be
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TI-92
turns itself off
14 Chapter 2: Operating the TI.92
Setting the Display Contrast
The brightness and contrast of the display depend on room
lighting, battery freshness, viewing angle, and the adjustment
of the display contrast. The contrast setting is retained in
memory when the
is turned off.
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Adjusting the Display Contrast
Using the Snap-on Cover as a Stand
Note: Slide the tabs at the
top-sides of the
the slots in the cover.
TI-92
into
You can adjust the display contrast to suit your viewing angle and
lighting conditions.
Contrast keys
To: Press and hold both:
Increase (darken)
¥ and «
the contrast
Decrease (lighten)
¥ and |
the contrast
If you press and hold ¥ « or ¥ | too long, the display may go
completely black or blank. To make finer adjustments, hold ¥ and
then tap « or |.
on a desk or table top, you can use the snap-on
When using the
TI-92
cover to prop up the unit at one of three angles. This may make it
easier to view the display under various lighting conditions.
When to Replace Batteries
Tip: The display may be
very dark after you change
batteries. Use ¥ | to
lighten the display.
As the batteries get low, the display begins to dim (especially during
calculations) and you must increase the contrast. If you have to
increase the contrast frequently, replace the four AA batteries.
The status line along the bottom of the display also gives battery
information.
Indicator in status line Description
Batteries are low.
Replace batteries as soon as possible.
Chapter 2: Operating the TI.92 15
The Keyboard
j
Keyboard Areas
Function Keys
Access the toolbar menus
displayed across the top
of the screen.
Application
Shortcut Keys
Used with the
¥
key to let
you select
commonly used
applications.
With the
’s easy-to-hold shape and keyboard layout, you
TI-92
can quickly access any area of the keyboard even when you
are holding the unit with two hands.
The keyboard is divided into several areas of related keys.
Cursor Pad
Moves the display
cursor in up to 8
directions, depending
on the application.
Cursor Pad
QWERTY Keyboard
Enters text characters
ust as you would on a
typewriter.
To move the cursor, press the applicable edge of the cursor pad. This
Calculator Keypad
Performs a variety of
math and scientific
operations.
guidebook uses key symbols such as A and B to indicate which
side of the cursor pad to press.
C
For example, press B to move the
cursor to the right.
The diagonal directions
Note:
A
B
(H, etc.) are used only for
geometry and graphing
applications.
D
16 Chapter 2: Operating the TI.92
Important Keys You Should Know About
The area around the cursor pad contains several keys that are
important for using the
Key Description
TI-92
effectively.
O Displays a menu that lists all the applications available
on the
and lets you select the one you want. Refer
TI-92
to page 33.
N Cancels any menu or dialog box.
¸ Evaluates an expression, executes an instruction,
selects a menu item, etc.
Because this is commonly used in a variety of
operations, the
has three ¸ keys placed at
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convenient locations.
2
is a modifier
key, which is
described below.
Modifier Keys
3 Displays a list of the
’s current mode settings,
TI-92
which determine how numbers and graphs are
interpreted, calculated, and displayed. You can change
the settings as needed. Refer to “Setting Modes” on
page 35.
M Clears (erases) the entry line. Also used to delete an
entry/answer pair in the history area.
Most keys can perform two or more functions, depending on
whether you first press a modifier key.
Modifier Description
2
(Second)
Accesses the second function of the next key you
press. On the keyboard, second functions are printed in
the same color as the 2 key.
The
has two 2 keys conveniently placed at
TI-92
opposite corners of the keyboard.
¥
(Diamond)
Activates “shortcut” keys that select applications and
certain menu items directly from the keyboard. On the
keyboard, application shortcuts are printed in the same
color as the ¥ key. Refer to page 34.
¤
(Shift)
‚
(Hand)
Types an uppercase character for the next letter key
you press. ¤ is also used with B and A to highlight
characters in the entry line for editing purposes.
Used with the cursor pad to manipulate geometric
objects. ‚ is also used for drawing on a graph.
Chapter 2: Operating the TI.92 17
The Keyboard
(Continued)
2nd Functions
Note: On the keyboard,
second functions are printed
in the same color as the
2
key.
Entering Uppercase
Letters with Shift
(¤) or Caps Lock
On the
’s keyboard, a key’s second function is printed above the
TI-92
key. For example:
SINê -------------------
SIN
---------------- Primary function
Second function
To access a second function, press the 2 key and then press the
key for that second function.
In this guidebook:
Primary functions are shown in a box, such as W.
¦
Second functions are shown in brackets, such as 2
¦
When you press 2,
the display. This indicates that the
is shown in the status line at the bottom of
2ND
will use the second function,
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Q
.
if any, of the next key you press. If you press 2 by accident, press
2
again (or press N) to cancel its effect.
Normally, the
QWERTY
keyboard types lowercase letters. To type
uppercase letters, use Shift and Caps Lock just as on a typewriter.
To: Do this:
Type a single
uppercase letter
Press ¤ and then the letter key.
To type multiple uppercase letters,
¦
hold ¤ or use Caps Lock.
If You Need to Enter Special Characters
When Caps Lock is on, ¤ has no effect.
¦
Toggle Caps Lock
Press 2
¢
.
on or off
You can also use the
QWERTY
keyboard to enter a variety of special
characters. For more information, refer to “Entering Special
Characters” in Chapter 16.
18 Chapter 2: Operating the TI.92
Home Screen
Displaying the Home Screen
Parts of the Home Screen
Pretty Print Display
Shows exponents,
roots, fractions, etc.,
in traditional form.
Refer to page 25.
Last Entry
Your last entry.
Entry Line
Where you enter
expressions or
instructions.
When you first turn on your
, the Home screen is
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displayed. The Home screen lets you execute instructions,
evaluate expressions, and view results.
When you turn on the
the display always shows the Home screen. (If the
after it has been turned off with 2 ®,
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turned itself
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off through APD, the display shows the previous screen, which may
or may not have been the Home screen.)
To display the Home screen at any time:
Press ¥ ".
¦
— or —
Press 2 K.
¦
— or —
Press O ¸ or O 1.
¦
The following example gives a brief description of the main parts of
the Home screen.
History Area
Lists entry/answer pairs
you have entered.
Toolbar
Press ƒ, „, etc., to
display menus for selecting
operations.
Last Answer
Result of your last entry.
Note that results are not
displayed on the entry line.
Status Line
Shows the current state
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of the
.
History Area
The history area shows up to eight previous entry/answer pairs
(depending on the complexity and height of the displayed
expressions). When the display is filled, information scrolls off the
top of the screen. You can use the history area to:
Review previous entries and answers. You can use the cursor to
¦
view entries and answers that have scrolled off the screen.
Recall or auto-paste a previous entry or answer onto the entry
¦
line so that you can re-use or edit it. Refer to pages 41 and 42.
Chapter 2: Operating the TI.92 19
V
V
p
Home Screen
(Continued)
Scrolling through the History Area
Note: For an example of
viewing a long answer, refer
to page 24.
History Information on the Status Line
Normally, the cursor is in the entry line. However, you can move the
cursor into the history area.
To: Do this:
iew entries or answers
that have scrolled off
the screen
1. From the entry line, press C to
highlight the last answer.
2. Continue using C to move the
cursor from answer to entry, up
through the history area.
iew an entry or answer
that is too long for one
line (ú is at end of line)
Move the cursor to the entry or answer.
Use B and A to scroll left and right
(or 2 B and 2 A to go to the end
or the beginning), respectively.
Return the cursor to the
entry line
Press N, or press D until the cursor
is back on the entry line.
Use the history indicator on the status line for information about the
entry/answer pairs. For example:
If the cursor
is on the
entry line:
Total number of
pairs that are
currently saved.
8/30
Maximum number
of pairs that can
be saved.
Modifying the History Area
If the cursor
is in the
history area:
Pair number of
the highlighted
entry or answer.
Total number of
pairs that are
currently saved.
By default, the last 30 entry/answer pairs are saved. If the history
area is full when you make a new entry (indicated by
30/30
), the new
entry/answer pair is saved and the oldest pair is deleted. The history
indicator does not change.
To: Do this:
Change the number of
airs that can be saved
Press ƒ and select
¥
. Then press B, use C or D to
F
9:Format
, or press
highlight the new number, and press
¸ twice.
Clear the history area
and delete all saved pairs
Delete a particular
entry/answer pair
Press ƒ and select
ClrHome
enter
8:Clear Home
on the entry line.
Move the cursor to either the entry or
answer. Press 0 or M.
, or
20 Chapter 2: Operating the TI.92
p
Entering Numbers
·
Entering a Negative Number
Important: Use | for
subtraction and use
for negation.
The
’s keypad lets you enter positive and negative
TI-92
numbers for your calculations. You can also enter numbers in
scientific notation.
1. Press the negation key ·. (Do not use the subtraction key |.)
2. Type the number.
To see how the
evaluates a negation in relation to other
TI-92
functions, refer to the Equation Operating System (EOS) hierarchy in
Appendix B. For example, it is important to know that functions
such as
Use c and d to include
ñ are evaluated before negation.
x
Evaluated as ë(2ñ)
arentheses if you have
any doubt about how a
negation will be
evaluated.
If you use | instead of · (or vice versa), you may get an error
message or you may get unexpected results. For example:
¦ 9
p ·
ë
=
63
7
— but —
p |
9
displays an error message.
7
Entering a Number in Scientific Notation
|
¦ 6
=
2
4
— but —
6 · 2 = ë12
·
¦
2 « 4 = 2
since it is interpreted as
, implied multiplication.
6(ë2)
— but —
|
subtracts 2 from the previous answer and then adds 4.
2 « 4
1. Type the part of the number that precedes the exponent. This
value can be an expression.
E
2. Press 2 ^.
appears in the display.
3. Type the exponent as an integer with up to 3 digits. You can use a
negative exponent.
Entering a number in scientific notation does not cause the answers
to be displayed in scientific or engineering notation.
The display format is
determined by the mode
settings (pages 25
through 27) and the
magnitude of the
Represents 123.45 × 10
-2
number.
Chapter 2: Operating the TI.92 21
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