Tektronix TDS1000B Series, TDS2000B Series User Manual

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TDS1000B and TDS2000B Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes

User Manual

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071-1817-01

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TDS1000B and TDS2000B Se Digital Storage Oscill

oscopes

User Manual

ries

www.tektronix.com

071-1817-01

Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pendin g. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Speciﬁcations and p

TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.

OpenChoice™ is a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc.

served. Licensed software products are

rice change privileges reserved.

PictBridge is a register Products Association CIPA DC-001-2003 Digital Photo Solutions for Imaging Devices.

ed trademark of the Standard of Camera & Imaging

Contacting Tektronix

Tektronix, Inc. 14200 SW Karl Braun Drive P.O. Box 500 Beaverton, OR 97077 USA

For pro duct information, sales, service, and technical support:

In North Am erica, call 1-800-833-9200. Worldwide, visit www.tektronix.com to ﬁnd contacts in your area.

TDS1000B and TDS2000B Oscilloscopes

Limited Lifetime Warranty

Tektronix warrants to the original end user purchaser (“original purchaser”) of the product listed below that the product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for the lifetime of the product. As used herein, “lifetime of the product” is deﬁned as a

period ending ﬁve (5) years after Tektronix discontinues manufacturing the product (as determined by Tektronix), but the warranty period shall be at least ten (10) years from the date of purchase of the product by the original purchaser from Tektronix or an authorized Tektronix distributor. This limited lifetime warranty only applies to the original purchaser and is not transferable. In the event of a warranty claim under

the limited lifetime warranty, the purchaser must provide satisfactory evidence of the date of purchase from Tektronix or an authorized Tektronix distributor and that it is the original purchaser. In the event of the sale or other transfer of the product by t he original purchaser to a third party within three (3) years of the date of purchase of the product by the original purchaser, the warranty period shall be three (3) years from the date of purchase of the product by the original purchaser from Tektronix or an authorized Tektronix distributor. Probes and other accessories and batteries and fuses are not covered by this warranty.

If the product proves defective during the applicable warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement of an equivalent product (as determined by Tektronix) in exchange for the defective product. Parts, modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty work may be new or reconditioned to like new performance. All replaced parts, modules and products become the property of Tektronix.

As used hereafter, “Customer” refers to the person or entity asserting rights under this warranty. In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the applicable warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. Customer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service c enter designated by Tektronix, shipping charges prepaid and with a copy of proof of purchase by the original purchaser. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations.

This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by accident, ordinary wear and tear of mechanical components, use outside of the product’s speciﬁcations, improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service the product; b) to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modiﬁed or integrated with other products when the effect of such modiﬁcation or integration increases the time or difﬁculty of servicing the product.

THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS D ISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF

MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX’ RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE AN D EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

[W18 – 25MAY06]

P2220 Probe

Warra nty

Tektronix warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one ( proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without in exchange for the defective product. Parts, modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty work replaced parts, modules and products become the property of Tektronix.

In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. Customer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix, with shipping charges prepaid. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations.

This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service t he product; b) to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modiﬁed or integrated with other products when the effect of such modiﬁcation or integration increases the time or difﬁculty of servicing the product.

THIS WARRA PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. TEKTRON MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX’ RESPON SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FO R BREAC LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMA ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

[W2 – 15AUG04]

NTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE

IX AND ITS VENDORS D ISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF

SIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE

H OF THIS WARRANTY. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE

GES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS

1) year from the date of shipment. If any such product

charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement

may be new or reconditioned to like new performance. All

Table of Contents

General Safety Summary ....................................... ........ iv

Compliance Information................... ............................ vii

EMC Compliance .................. ............................... vii

Safety Compliance ...................................... ........... ix

Environmental Considerations .................................... xi

Preface......................................................... ......... xiii

Help System .............................. ........................ xiv

Firmware Updates Through the Internet ........................ xv

Conventions........................................ ............... xvi

Getting Started ................................................ ............ 1

General Features........... .......................................... 1

Installation ......................................... .................. 3

Functional Check................................................. ... 4

Probe Safety ......... ................................................ 5

Voltage Probe Check Wizard........................ ............... 5

Manual Probe Compensation........................ ............... 7

Probe Attenuation Setting ................................. ......... 8

Current Probe Scaling.............. ................................. 8

Self Calibration.......................................... ............ 9

Operating Basics.............................................. .......... 11

Display Area ....................................... ................ 12

Using the Menu System ...................................... .... 15

Vertical Controls................................................... 16

Horizontal Controls ................... ............................ 17

Trigger Controls ............................................... .... 18

Menu and Control Buttons ................................ ....... 19

Input Connectors .............................................. .... 22

Other Front-Panel Items ....................... ................... 23

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions......... ...................... 25

Setting Up the Oscilloscope ............. ......................... 25

Triggering........................... ............................... 26

quiring Signals ............ ..................................... 29

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual i

Table of Contents

Scaling and Positioning Waveforms..... ........................ 30

Taking Measurements............ ................................. 34

Application Examples.................................................. 37

Taking Simple Measurements .................................... 38

Using Autorange to Examine a Series of Test Points........... 43

Taking Cursor Measurements .................. .................. 44

Analyzing Signal Detail ... ....................................... 48

Capturing a Single-Shot Signal . ................................. 51

Measuring Propagation Delay.................................... 53

Triggering on a Speciﬁc Pulse Width............................ 54

Triggering on a Video Signal..................................... 56

Analyzing a Differential Communication Signal ............... 61

Viewing Impedance Changes in a Network............... ...... 63

Math FFT..................................... ........................... 67

Setting Up the Time-Domain Waveform ............ ............ 67

Displaying the FFT Spectrum .................................... 69

Selecting an FFT Window........................................ 70

Magnifying and Positioning an FFT Spectrum ..... ............ 74

Measuring an FFT Spectrum Using Cursors .................... 75

USB Flash Drive and Device Ports ....................... ............ 77

USB Flash Drive Port ............................................. 77

File Management Conventions................................... 79

Saving and Recalling Files With a USB Flash Drive........... 80

Using the Save Function of the PRINT Front Panel Button . . . 82

USB Device Port ................. ................................. 85

Installing the PC Communications Software on a PC.......... 85

Connecting to a PC............ .................................... 86

Connecting to a GPIB System.................. .................. 89

Command Entry............ ....................................... 89

Connecting to a Printer ............. .............................. 90

Printing a Screen Image ... ....................................... 90

Reference.......... ................................................... ... 93

Acquire...................... ....................................... 93

Autorange................... ....................................... 96

Autoset ................... .......................................... 98

ii TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Table of Contents

Cursor ......................... .................................... 102

Default Setup ....................... .............................. 103

Display ..................... ....................................... 103

Help ............... ................................................ 107

Horizontal........................... .............................. 107

Math ............................................. .................. 109

Measure ........... ................................................ 111

Print .................................... ........................... 112

Probe Check ......... ............................................. 113

Ref Menu. ................................................... ...... 114

Save/Recall . . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. 114

Trigger Controls ............................................... ... 120

Utility...................................... ........................ 128

Vertical Controls.................................................. 131

Appendix A : Speciﬁcations........................................... 135

Oscilloscope Speciﬁcations...................................... 135

P2220 Probe Speciﬁcations........... ........................... 149

Appendix B: Accessories ........................ ..................... 153

Appendix C: Cleaning .................. .............................. 157

General Care ....................................... ............... 157

Cleaning.................... ....................................... 157

Appendix D: Default Setup. .......................................... 159

Appendix E: Font Licenses......................... .................. 163

Index

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual iii

General Safety Summary

Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or an y products connected to it.

To avoid potential hazards, use this product only as speciﬁed.

Only q ualiﬁed personnel should perform service procedures.

To Avoid Fire or Personal Injury

Use Proper Power Cord. Use only the power cord speciﬁed for this

product and certiﬁed for the country of use.

Connect and Disconnect Properly. Connect the probe output to the

measurement instrument before connecting the probe to the circuit under test. Connect before connecting the probe input. Disconnect the probe input and t he probe r eference lead from the circuit under test before disconnecting the probe from the

Ground the Product. Th is product is grounded through the grounding

conductor of the conductor must be connected to earth ground. Before making connections to the input or output terminals of the product, ensure that the product is

the probe re fer ence lead to the circuit under test

measurement instrument.

power cord. To avoid electric shock, the grounding

properly grounded.

Observe All Terminal Ratings. To avoid ﬁre or shock hazard, observe all

ratings and m further ratings information before making connections to th e product.

Connect th

Do not apply a potential to any terminal, including the common terminal

Power Disconnect. The power switch disconnects the product from the

power so switch; it must remain accessible to the user at all times.

Do Not O

or panels removed.

iv TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

arkings on the product. Consult the product manual for

e p rob e reference lead to earth ground only.

, that exceeds the maximum rating of that terminal.

urce. See instructions for the location. Do not block the power

perate Without Covers.

Do no t operate this product w ith covers

General Safety Summary

Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures. If you suspect that there is

damage to this product, have it inspected by qualiﬁed service personnel.

Avoid Exposed Circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and

components when power is present.

Do Not Operate in Wet/Damp Conditions.

Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere.

Keep Product Surfaces Clean and Dry.

Provide Proper Ventilation.

Refer to the manual’s installation instructions

for details on installing t he product so it has proper ventilation.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual v

General Safety Summary

Terms in this Manual

These terms may appear in this manual:

WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could

result in injury or loss of life.

CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could

result in damage to this product or other property.

Symbols and Terms on the Product

These terms may appear on the product:

DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking.

WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking.

CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product.

The follow ing symbol(s) may appear on the product:

vi TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Compliance Information

This section lists the EMC (ele environmental standards with which the instrument complies.

EMC Compliance

EC Declaration of Conformity – EMC

Meets intent of Directive 2004/108/EC for Electromagnetic Compatibility. Compliance was demonstrated to the following speciﬁcations as listed in the O fﬁcial Journal of the European Communities:

EN 61326-1:2006, EN 61326-2-1:2006. EMC requirements f or electrical

equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use.

CISPR 11:2003. Radiated and conducted emissions, Group 1, Class A

IEC 610 00-4-2:2 001 . Electrostatic discharge immunity

IEC 61000 -4 -3:200 2. RF electromagnetic ﬁeld immunity

IEC 61000-4-4:2 004 . Electrical fast transient/burst immunity

IEC 6 100 0-4-5 :20 01. Power l ine surge immunity

IEC 61000-4-6:2003. Conducted RF immunity

IEC 61000-4 -11:2004. Voltage dips an d interruptions immunity

ctromagnetic compliance), safety, and

1234

EN 61000-3-2:2006. AC power line harmonic emissions

EN 61000-3-3:1995. Voltage changes, ﬂuctuations, and ﬂicker

European Contact.

Tektronix UK, Ltd. Western Peninsula Western Road Bracknell, RG12 1RF United Kingdom

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual vii

Compliance Information

This product is intended for use in nonresidential areas only. Use in residential areas may cause electromagnetic interference.

Emissions which exceed the levels required by this standard may occur when this equipment is connected to a test o

To ensure compliance with the EMC standards listed here, high quality shielded interface cables should be used.

Instrument rebooting may be experience where the EUT takes longer than 10 seconds to recover from IEC61000-4-11 transient immunity test.

The increase in trace noise while subjected to the test ﬁeld (3 V/m over the frequency ranges of 80 MHz to 1 GHz and 1.4 G 1 kHz) and (1 V/m over the frequency range of 2.0 GHz to 2.7 GHz, with 80% amplitude modulation at 1 kHz) is not to exceed 2 major divisions peak-to-peak. Ambient conducted ﬁelds may induce triggering when the trigger threshold is offset less than 1 major division from ground reference.

The increase in trace noise while subjected to the test ﬁeld (3 V rms over the frequency range of 150 kHz to 80 MHz, with 80% amplitude modulation at 1 kHz) is not to exceed 1 major division peak-to-peak. Ambient conducted ﬁelds may induce t riggering when the trigger threshold is offset less than 0.5 major divisions from ground reference.

Performance Criterion C applied at the 70%/25 cycle Voltage-Dip and the 0%/250 cycle Voltage-Interruption test levels (IEC 61000-4-11).

Australia / New Zealand Declaration of Conformity – EMC

bject.

Hz to 2.0 GHz, with 80% amplitude modulation at

Complies with the EMC provision of the Radiocommunications Act per the following standard, in accordance with ACMA:

CISPR 11:2003. Radiated and Conducted Emissions, Group 1, Class A, in accordance with EN 61326-1:2006 and EN 61326-2-1:2006.

viii TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Safety Compliance

EC Declaration of Conformity – Low Voltage

Compliance was demonstrated to the following speciﬁcation as listed in the Ofﬁcial Journal of the European Communities:

Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC.

EN 6 101 0-1 : 200 1. Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use.

U.S. Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory Listing

UL 61 010-1:2004, 2ndEdition. Standard for electrical measuring and test equipment.

Canadian Certiﬁcation

CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1:2004. Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use. Part 1.

Additional Compliances

IEC 610 10-1: 2001. Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use.

Compliance Information

Equipment Type

Test and measuring equipment.

Safety Class

Class 1 – grounded product.

Pollution Degree Description

A measure of the contaminants that could occur in the environment around and within a product. Typically the internal environm ent inside a pro duct is considered to be the same as the extern al. Products should be used only in the environment for which they are rated.

Pollution Degree 1. No pollution or only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs. Products in this category are generally encapsulated, hermetically sealed, or located in clean rooms.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual ix

Compliance Information

Pollution Degree 2. Normally only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs. Occasionally a temporary conductivity that is caused by condensation must be expected. This location is a typical ofﬁce/home environment. Temporary c ondensatio n occurs only when the p roduct is out of service.

Pollution Degree 3. Conductive pollution, or dry, nonconductive pollution that becomes conductive due to con densation. These are sheltered locations where neither temperature nor humidity is controlled. The area is protected from direct sunshine, rain, or direct wind.

Pollution Deg ree 4. Pollution that generates per s istent conductivity through conductive dust, rain, or snow. Ty pical outdoor locations.

Installation (Overvoltage) Category Descriptions

Terminals on this product may have different installation (overvoltage) category designations. The installation categories are:

Measurement Category IV. For measurements performed at the source of low-voltage installation.

Measurement Category III. For measurements perform ed in the building installation.

Measurement Category II. For measurements performed o n circuits directly connected to the low-voltage installation.

Measurement Category I. For measurements performed on circuits not directly connected to MAINS.

Overvoltage Category

Overvoltage C ategory II (as deﬁned in IEC 61010-1).

x TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Environmental Considerations

This section provides information about the environ men tal impact of the product.

Product End-of-Life Handling

Observe the following guidelines when recycling an instrument or component:

Equipment Recycling. Production of this equipment required the

extraction and use of natural resources. The equipment may contain substances that could b if improperly handled at the product’s end of life. In order to avoid release of such substances into the environment and to reduce the use of natural resources appropriate system that will ensure that most of the materials are reused or recycled appropriately.

e harmful to the environment or human health

, we encourage y ou to recycle this product in an

Compliance Information

This symbol indica applicable Europ Directives 2002 electronic equi about recyclin the Tektronix

Mercury Notiﬁcation.

This product uses an LCD backlight lamp that

tes that this product complies with the

ean Union requirements according to

/96/EC and 2006/66/EC on waste electrical and

pment (WEEE) and batteries. For information

g options, check the Support/Service section of

Web site (www.tektronix.com).

contains mercury. Disposal may be regulated due to environmental considerations. Please contact your local authorities or, within the United States, refer to the E-cycling Central Web page (www.eiae.org) for disposal or recycling information.

Restriction of Hazardous Substances

This product has been classiﬁed as Monitoring and Control equipment, and is outside the scope of the 2002/9 5/EC RoHS Directive.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual xi

Compliance Information

xii TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscillo sco pe User Manual

Preface

This manual contains o peratin g information for the TDS1000B and TDS2000B Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes. The manual consists of the following chapters:

Preface

The Getting Started chapter brieﬂy describes features of the oscilloscope and provides installation instructions.

The Operating Basics chapter covers operating principles of the oscilloscopes.

The Understanding Oscilloscope Functions chapter describes basic operations and functions of an oscilloscope: setting up th e oscilloscope, triggering, acquiring data, scaling and positionin g waveforms, and taking measurements.

The A p plication Examples chapter provides examples on how to solve a variety of measurement problems.

The Math FFT chapter describes how to use the Math Fast Fourier Transform function to convert a time-domain signal into its frequency components (spectrum).

The USB Flash Drive and Device Ports chapter describes how to use the USB Flash Drive port and how to connect the oscilloscope to printers and computers throug h the USB Device port.

The Reference chapter describes the selections or available range of values for each option.

The Appendix A: Speciﬁcations chapter includes electrical, environmental, and physical speciﬁcations for the oscilloscope and the P2220 probe, as well as certiﬁcations and com pliances.

The Appendix B: Accessories chapter brieﬂy describes standard and optional accessories.

The Appen dix C: Cleaning chapter describes how to take care of the oscilloscope.

The Appendix D: Default Setup chapter contains a list of the menus and controls with the default (factory) settings that are recalled when you push the DEFAULT SETUP f ron t-panel button.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual xiii

Preface

The Appendix E: Font Licenses chapter provides the licenses to use speciﬁc Asian fonts.

Help System

The oscilloscope has a Help system with topics that cover all the features of the oscilloscope. You can use the Help system to display several kinds of information:

General information about understandin g and using the oscilloscope, such as Using the Menu System.

Information about speciﬁc menus and controls, such as the Vertical Position Control.

Advice about problems you may face while using an oscilloscope, such as Reducing Noise.

The Help system provides several ways to ﬁnd the inform a tio n you need: context-sensitive help, hyperlinks, and an index.

Context-Sensitive Help

The oscilloscope displays information about the last menu displayed on the screen when yo u push the HELP front-panel b utton. When viewing help topics, an that the knob is active. If the topic uses more than one pag e, turn the multipurpose knob to move from page to page within the topic.

LED lights next to the multipurpose knob to indicate

Hyperlinks

Most of the help topics contain phrases marked with angle brackets, such as <Autoset>. These are links to other topics. Turn the multipurpose knob to m ove the highlight from one link to another. Push the Show Topic option button to display the topic corresponding to the highlighted link. Pu sh the Back option button to return to the previous topic.

xiv TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Index

Push the front-panel HELP button, then push the Index option button. Push the Page Up or Page Dow n option buttons until you ﬁnd the index page that contains the topic you wan t to view. Turn the multipurpose knob to highlight a help topic. Push the Show Topic option button to display the topic.

NOTE. Push the Exit option button or any menu button to remove the He lp

text from the screen and return to displaying waveforms.

Firmware Updates Through the Internet

If a newer version of ﬁrmware becomes available, you can use the Internet and a USB ﬂash drive to update your oscillo scope. If you do not have access to the Internet, contact Tektronix for information on update procedures.

To update the ﬁrmware from the Internet, follow th ese steps:

1. Push the UTILITY ► System Status option, and write down the ﬁrmware version num ber of the oscilloscop

2. From your computer, access the www.tektronix.com web site and check if a n ewer version of oscilloscope ﬁrmware is available.

Preface

3. If there is a newer version of ﬁrmware, download the ﬁrmware ﬁle from the web page.

You may need to unzip the downloaded ﬁle.

4. Copy the T DS1K 2KB.TEK ﬁrmware ﬁle to the root folder of a USB ﬂash drive.

5. Insert the USB ﬂash drive into the USB Flash Drive port on the front of the oscilloscope.

6. From your oscilloscope, push the UTILITY ► File Utilities ►

- more - page 2 of 2 ► Update Firmware option button.

It takes several minutes to update the ﬁrmware.

Your oscilloscope will prompt you to press a button when the ﬁrmware update is complete. You must not remove the USB ﬂash drive, or power off the oscilloscope until the ﬁrmware update is complete.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual xv

Preface

Conventions

This manual uses the following conventions:

Front-panel button s, knobs and c on nectors appear in all uppercase letters. For example: HELP, PRINT.

Menu options appear with the ﬁrst letter of each word in upper case. For example: P eak Detect, Window Zone.

Multipurpose knob

Front-panel buttons and knob labels

— All upper case

Option buttons — First le tter of each word on screen is upper case

NOTE. Option buttons may also be called screen buttons, side-menu

buttons, bezel buttons, or soft keys.

The ► deli

miter separates a series of button pushes. For example, UTILITY ► Options ► Set Date and Time means that you push the UTILITY front-panel button, then push the Options option b

utton, and then push th e Set Date and Time option button. Multiple pushes of an option button may be required to select the desired option.

xvi TDS10 00B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Getting Started

TDS1000B and TDS2000B Series D are small, lightweight, benchtop oscilloscope you can use to take ground-referenced measurements.

This chapter describes how to do the following tasks:

Install your product

Perform a brief functional check

Perform a probe check and compensate probes

Match your probe atten

Use the self calibra ti on routi ne

NOTE. You can select a language to display on the screen when you power

on the oscilloscope. At any time, you can also access the UTILITY ► Language optio n to select a language.

General Features

The next table and list describe the general features.

Model Channels Bandwidth Sample rate Display

TDS1001B

TDS1002B

TDS1012B

TDS2002B

TDS2004B

TDS2012B

TDS2014B

TDS2022B

TDS2024B

igital Storage Oscilloscopes

uation factor

240MHz

260MHz

2 100 MHz

260MHz

460MHz

2 100 MHz

4 100 MHz

2 200 MHz

4 200 MHz

500 MS/s

1.0 GS/s

1.0 GS/s Color

2.0 GS/s Color

Monochrome

Monochro

Monochrome

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 1

Getting Started

Context-sensitive help system

Color or monochrome LCD display

Selectable 20 M Hz bandwidth limit

2500 point record length for each channel

Autoset

Autoranging

Probe Check Wizard

Setup and waveform storage

USB Flash Drive port for ﬁle storage

Direct print ing to any PictBridge compatible print er

PC communications through the USB Device port with Op enCh oice PC Communications software

Connect to a GPIB controller through an optional TEK-USB-488 adapter

Cursors with readouts

Trigger frequency readout

Eleven automatic measurements

Waveform averaging and peak detection

Dual time base

Math functions: +, -, and × operations

Math Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)

Pulse Width trigger capability

Video trigger capability with line-selectable triggering

External trigger

Variable persistence display

User interface and help topics in ten languages

2 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Installation

Power Cord

Use only the power cord provided with your oscilloscope. Appendix B: Accessories lists the standard and the optional accessories.

Power Source

Getting Started

Use a p ower source that delivers 90 to 264 VAC you have a 400 Hz power source, it must deliver 90 to 132 VAC

,45to66Hz. If

RMS

360to440Hz.

Security Loop

Use a standard laptop computer security lock, or thread a security cable through t he built-in cable channel to secure your oscilloscope to your location.

Security cable channel Security lock hole

Power cord

Ventilation

NOTE. The oscilloscope cools by convection. Keep two inches clear on the

sides and top of the product to allow adequate air ﬂow.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 3

Getting Started

Functional Check

Perform this functional check to verify that your oscilloscope is operating correctly.

ON/OFF button

DEFAULT SETUP button

PROBE COMP

1. Power on the oscilloscope.

Push the DEFAULT SETUP butto

The default Probe option at setting is 10X.

2. Set the switch to 10X on the P222 0 probe and connect the probe to channel 1 on the oscilloscope. To do this, align the slot in the probe connector with the key on the CH 1 BNC, push to connect, and twist to the right to lock the probe in place.

Connect the probe tip and reference lead to the PROBE COMP terminals.

tenuation

3. Push the AUTOSET button. Within a few seconds, you should see a square wave in the display of about 5V peak-to-peak at 1 kHz.

Push the CH1 MENU button on the front panel twice to remove channel 1, push the CH 2 MENU button to display channel 2, and repeat steps 2 and 3. For 4-channel models, repeat for CH 3 and CH 4.

4 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Probe Safety

Check and observe probe ratings before using probes.

A guard around the P2220 probe body provides a ﬁnger barrier for protection from electric shock.

WARNING. To avoid electric shock when using the probe, keep ﬁngers

behind the guard on the probe body.

Getting Started

Finger guard

To avoid electric s of the probe head w

Connect the probe to the oscilloscope, and connect the ground terminal to g rou nd before you take any measurements.

hock while using the probe, do n ot touch metallic portions

hile it is connected to a voltage source.

Vo ltage Probe Check Wizard

You can use the Probe Check Wizard to verify that a voltage probe is operating properly. The wizard does not support current probes.

The wizard helps you adjust the compensation for voltage probes (usually with a screw on the probe body or probe connector) and set the factor for the Attenuation option for each channel, such as in the CH 1 MENU ► Probe ► Vo l ta g e ► Attenuation option.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 5

Getting Started

You should use the Probe Check Wizard each time you connect a voltage probe to an input channel.

To use the Probe Check Wizard, push the PROBE CHECK button. If the voltage probe is connected properly, compensated properly, and the Attenuation option in the os cill oscope VERTICAL menu is set to match the probe, the oscilloscope displays a PASSED message at the bottom of the screen. Otherwise, the oscilloscope displays directions on the screen to guide you in correcting these problems.

NOTE. The Probe Check Wizard is useful for 1X, 10X, 20X, 50X, and 100X

probes. It is not useful for 500X or 1000X probes, or for probes connected to the EXT TRIG BNC.

NOTE. When the process is complete, the Probe Check Wizard restores the

oscilloscope settings (other than the Probe option) to what they were before you pushed the PROBE CHECK button.

To compensate a probe that you plan to use with the EXT TRIG input, follow these steps:

1. Connect the probe to any input channel BNC, such as to CH 1.

2. Push the PROBE CHECK button and follow the directions on

the screen.

3. After you verify that the probe functions and is compensated properly, connect the probe to the EXT TRIG BNC.

6 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Manual Probe Compensation

As an alternative method to the Probe Check Wizard, you can manually perform this adjustment to match your probe to the inpu t channel.

Getting Started

PROBE

COMP

Overcompensated

Undercompensated

Compensated correctly

AUTOSET

button

1. Push the CH 1 MENU ► Probe ► Vol tage ► Attenuation option and

select 10X. Set the switch to 10X on the P2220 probe and connect the probe to channel 1 on the oscilloscope. If you use the probe hook-tip, ensure a proper connection by ﬁrmly inserting the tip onto the probe.

2. Attach the probe tip to the P ROB E COMP ~5V@1kHz terminal and the reference lead to the PROBE COMP chassis terminal. Display the channel, and then push the AUTOSET button.

3. Check the shap waveform.

4. If necessary, adjust your probe. The P2220 probe is shown.

Repeat as necessary.

eofthedisplayed

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 7

Getting Started

Probe Attenuation Setting

Probes are available with various attenuation factors which affect the vertical scale of the signal. The Probe Check Wizard veriﬁes that the attenuation factor in the oscilloscope matches the probe.

As an alternative method to Probe Check, you can manually select the factor that matches the attenuation of your probe. F or example, to match a probe set to 10X connected to CH 1, push the CH 1 MENU ► Probe ► Volt a g e ► Attenuation option, and select 10X.

NOTE. The default setting for the Attenuation op tion is 1 0X.

If you change the Atten need to change the oscilloscope Attenuation option to match. Switch settings are 1X and 10X.

NOTE. When the Attenuation switch is set to 1X, the P2220 probe limits the

bandwidth of the oscilloscope to 6 MHz. To use the full bandwidth of the oscilloscope, be sure to set the switch to 10X.

Current Probe Scaling

Current probes provide a voltage signal proportional t o the current. You need to set the oscilloscope to match the scale of your current probe. The default scale is 10 A/V.

For example, to set the scale for a c urrent probe connected to CH 1, push the CH 1 MENU ► Probe ► Current ► Scale option, and select an appropriate value.

uation switch on the P2220 probe, you also

Attenuation switc

8 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Self Calibration

The self calibration routine lets you optimize the oscilloscope signal path for maximum measurement accuracy. You can run the routine at any time but you should always run the routine if the ambient temperature changes by 5 ° C (9 °F) or more. The routine takes about two minutes.

For accurate calibration, power on the oscilloscope and wait twenty minutes to ensure it is warmed up.

To compensate the signal path, disconnect any probes or cables from the input connectors. Then, access the UTILITY ► Do Self Cal option, and follow the directions on the screen.

Getting Started

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 9

Getting Started

10 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Operating Basics

The front panel is divided into chapter provides you with a quick overview of the controls and the information displayed on the screen.

2-channel model

easy-to-use functional areas. This

4-channel model

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 11

Operating Basics

Display Area

In addition to display ing waveforms, the display is ﬁlled with many details about the waveform and the oscillosco p e control settings.

NOTE. For details on displaying the FFT function, (See page 69, Displaying

the FFT Spectrum.)

1. Icon display shows acquisition mode.

Sample mo

Peak detect mode

Average mode

12 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Operating Basics

2. Trigger status indicates the following:

The oscilloscope is acquiring pretrigger data. All triggers are ignored in this state.

All pretrigger data has been acquired and the oscilloscope is ready to accept a trigger.

The oscilloscope has seen a trigger and is acquiring the posttrigger data.

The oscilloscope has stopped acquiring waveform data.

The oscilloscope has completed a Single Sequence acquisition.

The oscilloscope is in a uto mode and is acquiring waveforms in the absence of triggers.

The oscilloscope is ac quiring and displaying waveform data continuously in scan mode.

3. Marker shows horizontal trigger position. Turn the HORIZONTAL POSITION knob to adjust the position of the marker.

4. Readout shows the time at the center graticule. The trigger time is zero.

5. Marker sh ows Edge or Pulse Width trigger level.

6. On-screen markers show the ground reference points of the

displayed waveforms. If there is no marker, the channel is not displayed.

7. An arrow icon indicates that the waveform is inverted.

8. Readouts show the vertical scale factors of the channels.

9. AB

icon indi cates that the cha nnel is bandwidth limited.

10. Readout shows main time base setting.

11. Readout shows window time base setting if it is in use.

12. Readout shows trig ger source used for triggering.

13. Icon shows selected trigger type as follows:

Edge trigger for the rising edge.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 13

Operating Basics

14. Readout shows Edge or Pulse Width trigger level.

15. Display area shows helpful messages; some messages display for

only three seconds.

If you recall a saved waveform, readout shows information about the reference waveform, such as RefA 1.00V 500µs.

16. Readout shows date and time.

17. Readout shows trigger frequency.

Message Area

The oscilloscope displays a message area (item number 15 in the previous ﬁg ure) at the botto m of the screen that conveys the following types of helpful information:

Edge trigger for the falling edge.

Video trigger for line sync.

Video trigger for ﬁeld sync.

Pulse Width trigger, positive polarity.

Pulse Width trigger, negative polarity.

Directions to access another menu, such as when you push the TRIG MENU button:

For TRIGGER HOLDOFF, go to H ORIZONTAL MENU

Suggestion of what you might wan t to do next, such as when you push the MEASURE button:

Push an option button to change its measurement

Information about the action the oscilloscope p erform e d, such as when you push the DEFAULT SETUP button:

Default setup recalled

Information about the waveform, such as when you push the AUTOSET button:

Square wave or pulse detected on CH1

14 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Using the Menu System

The user interface of the oscilloscopes was designed for easy access to specialized functions through the menu structure.

When you push a front-panel button, the oscilloscope displays the corresponding menu on the right side of the screen. The menu shows the options that are available when you push the un labeled option buttons directly to the right o f the screen.

The oscilloscope uses several methods to display menu options:

Page (Submenu) Selection: For some menus, you can use the top option button to cho ose two or three submenus. Each time you push the top button, the options change. For example, when you push the top button in the TRIGGER Menu, the oscilloscope cycles through the Edge, Video, and Pulse Width trigger submenu s.

Circular List: The oscilloscope sets the parameter to a different value each time you push the option button. For example, you can push the CH 1 MENU button and then push the top option button to cycle through the Vertical (channel) Coupling options.

In some lists, you can use the multipurpose knob to select an option. A h int line tells you when the m ultip urpose knob can be used, and an LED by the multipurpose knob lights when the knob i s active. (See page 19, Menu and Control Buttons .)

Operating Basics

Action: The oscilloscope displays the type of action that will immediately occur when you push an Action option button. For example, when the Help Index is visible, and you push the Page Down option button, the oscilloscope immediately displays the next page of index entries.

Radio: The oscilloscope uses a different button for each option. The currently-selected option is highlighted. For example, the oscilloscope displays v ario us acquisition mode options when you push the ACQU IRE Menu button. To select an option, push the corresponding button.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 15

Operating Basics

Page Selection Circular List

TRIGGER CH1

Type

Edge

or or

TRIGGER CH1

Type

Video

or or

TRIGGER CH1

Type

Pulse

Vertical Controls

Coupling

Ground

Action Radio

HELP

Page

Down

ACQUIRE

Sample

Peak Detect

Average

All models, 4-channel sh own

POSITION (CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 & CH 4).

Positions a waveform vertically.

CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 & CH 4 MENU. Displays the Vertical menu selections

and toggles the display of the channel waveform on and off.

16 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

VOLTS/DIV (CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 & CH 4). Selects vertical scale factors.

MATH MENU. Displays waveform math operations menu and toggles the

display of the math waveform on and off.

Horizontal Controls

2-channel model 4-channel model

Operating Basics

POSITION.

Adjusts the horizontal p osition of all channel and math waveforms. The resolution of this control varies with the time base setting. (See page 109, Window Zone.)

NOTE. To make a large adjustment to the horizontal position, turn the

SEC/DIV knob to a larger value, change the horizontal position, and then turn the SEC/DIV knob back to the previous value.

HORIZ MENU. Displays the Horiz

SET TO ZERO. Sets the horizontal position to zero.

SEC/DIV. Selects the hor izontal time/div (scale factor) for the main or

ontal Menu.

the window time base. When Window Zone is enabled, it changes the width of the window zone by changing the window time base. (See page 109, Window Zone.)

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 17

Operating Basics

Trigger Controls

2-channel model

4-channel model

LEVEL.

the am plitude lev

TRIG MENU. Displays the Trigger Menu.

SET TO 50%. The

the peaks of the trigger signal.

FORCE TRIG. Completes an acquisition regardless of an adequate trigger

signal. This button has no effect if the acquisition is already stopped.

TRIG VIEW. Displays the trigger waveform in place of the channel

wavefor how the trigger settings affect the trigger signal, such as trigger coupling.

When you use an E dge or Pulse trig ger, the LEVEL knob sets

el that the signal must cross to acquire a waveform.

trigger level is set to the vertical midpoint between

m while you hold down the TRIG VIEW button. Use this to see

18 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Menu and Control Buttons

Multipurpose knob

Refer to the Reference chapter for detailed information on the menu and button controls.

Multipurpose Knob. The function is determined by the displayed menu

or selected menu option. When active, the adjacent LED lights. The next table lists the functions.

Active menu or option Knob function Description

Cursor Cursor 1 or

Cursor 2

Display

Help

Horizontal

Math

Adjust Contrast Changes the contrast of the

Scroll Selects entries in the Index;

Holdoff Sets the amount of time before

Position

Vertical Scale Changes the scale of the Math

Operating Basics

Positions the selected cursor

display

selects links in a topic; displays the next or previous page for a topic

another trigger event can be accepted;(See page 127, Holdoff.)

Positions the Math waveform

waveform

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 19

Operating Basics

Active menu or option Knob function Description

Measure Type

Save/Recall

Trigger

Utility ► File Utilities

Utility ► Options ► GPIB Setup ► Address

Utility ► Options ► Set Date and Time

Selects the type of automatic measurement for each source

Action

File selection

Source Selects the source whe n the

Video line number

Pulse width

File selection

Name entry

Val ue entry

Sets the transaction as save or recall for setup ﬁles, waveform ﬁles, and screen images

Selects setup , waveform, or image ﬁles to save, or selects setup or waveform ﬁles to recall

Trigger Type option is set to Edge

Sets the oscilloscope to a speciﬁc line number when the Trigger Type option is set to Video and the Sync option is set to Line Number

Sets the width of the pulse when the Trigger Type option is set to Pulse

Selects ﬁles to rename or delete;(See page 130, File

Utilities for the USB Flash Drive.)

Renames the ﬁle or folder; (See page 131, Rename File or Folder.)

Sets the GPIB address for the TEK-USB-488 adapter

Sets the value for the date and time;(Seepage129,Setting theDateandTime.)

20 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Operating Basics

Active menu or option Knob function Description

Vertical ► Probe ► Voltage ►

Attenuation

Vertical ► Probe ► Current ► Scale

AUTORANGE. Displays the Autorange Menu, and activates or

Value entry

For a channel menu (such as the CH 1 MENU), sets the attenuation factor in the oscilloscope

For a of channel menu (such as the CH 1 MENU), sets the scale in the oscilloscope

deactivates the autoranging function. When autoranging is active, the adjacent LED lights.

SAVE/RECALL. Displays the S ave/Recall Menu for setups and

waveforms.

MEASURE. Displays the automated measurements menu.

ACQUIRE. Displays the Acquire Menu.

REF MENU. Displays the Reference Menu to quickly display and

hide

reference waveforms stored in the oscilloscope non-volatile memory.

UTILITY. Displays the Utility Menu.

CURSOR. Displays the Cursor Menu. Cursors remain visible (unless

the Type option is set to Off) after you leave the Cursor Men u but are not adjustable.

DISPLAY. Displays the Display Menu.

HELP. Displays the Help Menu.

DEFAULT SETUP. Recalls the factory setup.

AUTOSET. Automatically sets the oscil loscope controls to produce a

usable display of the in put signals.

SINGLE SEQ. Acquires a single waveform and then sto ps.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 21

Operating Basics

RUN/STOP. Continuously acquires waveforms or stops the acquisition.

PRINT. Starts the print operation to a PictBridge compatible printer, or

performs the SAVE f unction to th

SAVE. An LED indicates when the PRINT button is conﬁgured to save

data to the USB ﬂash drive.

Input Connectors

2-channel model

eUSBﬂash drive.

4-channel model

CH 1, CH 2, CH 3

EXT TRIG. Input connector for an external trigger source. Use the

Trigger Menu to select the Ext, or Ext/5 trigger sour ce. P ush and hold the TRIG VIEW button to see how the trigger settings affect the trigger signal, such as trigger coupling.

22 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

&CH4.

Input connectors for waveform display.

Other Front-Panel Items

USB Flash Drive Port. Insert a USB ﬂash drive for data storage or

retrieval. The oscilloscope displays a clock symbol to indicate when the ﬂash drive is active. After a ﬁle is saved or retrieved, the oscilloscope removes the clock, and displays a hint line to notify you that the save or recall operation is complete.

For ﬂash drives with an LED, the LED blinks when saving data to or retrieving data from the driv e. Wait until the LED stops to remove the drive.

Operating Basics

USB Flash Drive port

PROBE COMP. Pro

to electrically match a voltage probe to the oscilloscope input circuit. (See page 5, Voltage Probe Check Wizard.)(See page 7, Manual Probe

Compensatio

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 23

be compensation output and chassis reference. Use

n.)

Operating Basics

24 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

This chapter contains general before you use an oscilloscope. To use your oscilloscope effectively, you need to learn about the following functions:

Setting up the oscilloscope

Triggering

Acquiring signals (waveforms)

Scaling and positioning wave form s

Measuring waveforms

The next ﬁgure shows a block diagram of the various functions of the oscilloscope and the

ir relationships to each other.

information that you need to understand

Setting Up the Oscilloscope

You should become familiar with several functions that you may use often when operating your oscilloscope: Autoset, Autorange, saving a

and recalling a setup.

setup,

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 25

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Using Autoset

Each time you p ush the AUTOSET button, the Autoset function obtains a stable waveform display for you. It automatically adjusts the vertical scale, horizontal scale and trigger settings. Autoset also displays several automatic measurem ents in the graticule area, depending on the signal type.

Using Autorange

Autorange is a continuous function that you can enable or disable. The function adjusts setup values to track a signal when the signal exhibits large changes or when you physically move the probe to a different point.

Saving a Setup

The oscilloscope saves the current setup if you wait ﬁve seconds after the last change before you power off the oscilloscope. The oscilloscope recalls this setup the next time you apply power.

You can use the SAVE/RECALL Menu to save up to ten different setups.

You can also save setups to a USB ﬂash drive. The oscilloscope accommodates a USB ﬂash drive for removable data storage and retrieval. (See page 77, USB Flash Drive Port.)

Recalling a Setup

The o scilloscope can recall the last setup before t he oscilloscope was powered off, any saved setups, or the default setup. (See page 114, Save/Recall.)

Default Setup

The oscilloscope is set up for normal operation when it is shipped from the factory. This is the default setup. To recall this setup, push the DEFAULT SETUP button. To view the default settings, refer to Appendix D: Default Setup.

Triggering

The trigger determines when the oscillosco pe starts to acquire data and to display a waveform. When a trigger is set up properly, the

26 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

oscilloscope converts unstab le displays or blank screen s into meaningful waveforms.

Triggered waveform Untriggered waveforms

For oscilloscope-speciﬁc descriptions, refer to the Operating Basics chapter. (See page 18, Trigger Controls.) ReferalsototheReference chapter. (See page 120, Trigger Controls.)

WhenyoupushtheRUN/STOPorSINGLESEQbuttontostartan acquisition, the oscilloscope goes through the following steps:

1. Acquires enough data to ﬁll the portion of the waveform record to

the left of the trigger point. This is called the pretrigger.

2. Continues to acquire data while waiting f or the trigger condition

to occur.

3. Detects the trigger condition.

4. Continues to acquire data until the waveform record is full.

5. Displays the newly-acquired waveform.

NOTE. For Edge and Pulse triggers, the oscilloscope counts the rate at

which trigger events occur to determine trigger frequency. The oscilloscope displays the frequency in the lower right corner of the screen.

Source

You can use the Trigger Source options to select the signal that the

scope uses as a trigger. The source can be the AC power line

oscillo (available only with Edge triggers), or any signal c on nected to a channel BNC or to the EXT TRIG BNC.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 27

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Types

The oscilloscope provides three types of triggers: Ed ge, Video, and Pulse Width.

Modes

You can select th e Auto or the Normal trigger mode to deﬁne how the oscilloscope acquires data when it does not detect a trigger condition. (See page 122, Mode Options.)

To perform a single sequence acquisition, push the SINGLE SEQ button.

Coupling

You can u se the Trigger Coupling option to determine which part of the signal will pass to the trigger circuit . This can help you attain a stable display of the waveform.

To use trigger coupling, push the TRIG MENU b utton, select an Edge or Pulse trigger, and select a Coupling option.

NOTE. Trigger coupling affects only the signal passed to the trigger system.

It does not affect the bandwidth or coup ling of the signal displayed on the screen.

To view the conditioned signal being passed to the trigger circuit, push and hold down the TRIG VIEW button.

Position

The horizontal position contr ol establishes the time betw een the trigger and the screen center. Refer to Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information for information on how to use this control to positionthetrigger. (Seepage30,Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information.)

Slope and Level

The Slope and Level controls help to deﬁne the trigger. The Slope option (Edge trigge r type only) determines whether the oscilloscope ﬁnds the trigger point on the rising or the falli ng edge o f a signal. The TRIGGER LEVEL knob controls where on the edge the trigger point occurs.

28 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Trigger level can be

adjusted vertically

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Rising edge Falling edge

Acquiring Signals

When you acquire a signal, the oscilloscope converts it into a digital form and displays a waveform. The acquisition mode deﬁnes how the signal is digitized, an level of detail in the acquisition.

Acquisition Modes

There are three acquisition modes: Sample, Peak Detect, and Average.

Sample. In this acqu isition mode, the oscilloscope samples the signal

in evenly spaced intervals to construct the waveform. This mode accurately represents signals most of the time.

However, this mode does not acquire rapid variations in the signal that may occur between samples. This can result in aliasing, and may cause narrow pulses to be missed. In these cases, you should use the Peak Detect mode to acquire data. (See page 31, Time Domain Aliasing.)

Peak Detect. In this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope ﬁnds the highest

and lowest these values to display the waveform. In this way, the oscill oscope can acquire and display narrow pulses, which may have otherwise been missed in

values of the input signal over each sample interval and uses

Sample mode. Noise will appear to be higher in this mode.

Trigger can be rising or falli

d the time base setting affects the time span and

Average. In this acquisition mode, t he oscilloscope acquires several

waveforms, averages them, and displays the resulting waveform. You can use this mode to reduce random noise.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 29

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Time Base

The oscilloscope digitizes waveforms by acquiring the value of an input signal at discrete points. The time base allows you to control ho w often the values are digitized.

To adjust the time base to a horizontal scale that suits your purpose, use the SEC/DIV knob.

Scaling and Positioning Waveforms

You can change the display of waveforms by adjusting the scale and position. When you change the scale, the waveform display will increase or decrease in size. When you change the position, the waveform will move up, down, right, or left.

The channel indicator (located on the left of the graticule) identiﬁes each waveform on the display. The indicator points to the ground reference level of the waveform record.

You can view the display area and readouts. (See page 12, Display Area.)

Vertical Scale and Position

You can change the vertical position of waveforms by moving them up or down in the display. To compare data, you can align a waveform above another or you can align waveforms on top of each other.

You can change the vertical scale of a waveform. The waveform display will contract or expand relativ e to the ground reference level.

For oscilloscope-speciﬁc d escriptions, refer to the Operating Basics chapter. (See page 16, Vertical Controls.) ReferalsototheReference chapter. (See page 131, Ve r ti c al C o ntr o ls .)

Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information

You can adjust the HORIZONTAL POSITION control to view waveform data before the trigger, after the trigger, or some of each. When you change the horizontal position of a waveform, you are actually changing the time between the trigger and the center of the display. (This appears to mov e the waveform to the right or left on the display.)

30 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

For example, if you want to ﬁnd the cause of a glitch in your t est circuit, you might trigger on the glitch and make the pretrigger period large enough to capture data before the glitch. You can then analyze the pretrigger data and perhaps ﬁnd the cause of the glitch.

You change the horizontal scale of all the waveforms by turning the SEC/DIV knob. For example, you might want to see just one cycle of a waveform to measure the overshoot on its rising edge.

The o sci lloscope sh o ws the horizontal scale as time per divi si on in the scale readout. Since all active waveforms use the same tim e base, the oscilloscope only displays one va lue for all the active channels, except when you use Window Zone. Refer to Window Zone for information on how to use the window function. (See page 109, Window Zone.)

For oscilloscope-speciﬁc descriptions, refer to the Operating Basics chapter. (See page 17, POSITION.)ReferalsototheReference chapter.(See page 107, Horizontal.)

Time Domain Aliasing. Aliasing occurs when the oscilloscope does

not sample the signal fast enough to construct an accurate waveform record. When this

happens, the oscilloscope displays a waveform with a frequency lower than the actual input waveform, or triggers and displays an unstable waveform.

Actual high-frequency

waveform

Apparent low-frequency

waveformduetoaliasing

Sample points

The oscilloscope accurately represents signals, but is limited by the probe bandwidth, the oscilloscope bandwidth, and the sample rate. To avoid aliasing , the oscilloscope must sample the signal more than twice as fast as the highest frequency component of th e signal.

The highest frequency that the oscilloscope sampling rate can theoretically represent is the Nyquist frequency. The sample rate is called the Nyquist rate, and is twice the Nyquist frequency.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 31

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

The oscilloscope maximum sample rates are at least ten times th e bandwidth. These high sample rates help reduce the possibility of aliasing.

There are several ways to check for aliasing:

Turn the SEC/DIV knob to change the horizontal scale. If the shape of the waveform changes drastically, you may have aliasing.

Select the Peak Detect acquisition mode. (See page 29, Peak Detect.) This mode samples the highest and lowest values so that the oscilloscope can detect faster signals. If the shape of the waveform changes drastically, you may have aliasing.

If the trigger frequency is faster than the display information, you may have aliasing or a waveform that crosses the trigger level multiple times. Examining the waveform allows you to identify whether the shape of the signal is going to allow a single trigger crossing per cycle at the selected trigger level.

If multiple triggers are likely to occur, select a trigger level that will generate only a single trigger per cycle. If the trigger frequency is still faster than the display indicates, you may have aliasing.

If the trigger frequency is slower, this test is not useful.

If the signal you are viewing is also the trigger sou rce, u s e the graticule or the cursors to estimate the frequency of the displayed waveform. Compare this to the Trigger Frequency readout in the lower right corner of the screen. If they differ by a large amount, you may have aliasing.

The next table lists the ti me ba se setting s that you can use to avoid aliasing at various frequencies and the respective sample rate. At the fastest SEC/D IV setting, aliasing is not likely to occur due to the bandwidth limitations of the oscilloscope input ampliﬁers.

32 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Settings to avoid aliasing in Sample mode

Time base Samples per second Maximum

2.5 ns

5.0to250.0ns

500.0 ns

1.0 μs

2.5 μs

5.0 μs

10.0 μs

25.0 μs

50.0 μs

100.0 μs

250.0 μs

500.0 μs

1.0 ms

2.5 ms

5.0 ms

10.0 ms

25.0 ms

50.0 ms

100.0 ms

250.0 ms

500.0 ms

1.0 s

2.5 s

5.0 s

10.0 s

25.0 s

50.0 s

Depending on the oscilloscope model.

†

Bandwidth reduced to 6 MHz with a P2220 probe set to 1X.

2GS/s

1GS/sor2GS/s

500.0 MS/s

250.0 MS/s

100.0 MS/s

50.0 MS/s

25.0 MS/s

10.0 MS/s

5.0 MS/s

2.5 MS/s

1.0 MS/s

500.0 kS/s

250.0 kS/s

100.0 kS/s

50.0 kS/s

25.0 kS/s

10.0 kS/s

5.0 kS/s

2.5 kS/s

1.0 kS/s

500.0 S/s

250.0 S/s

100.0 S/s

50.0 S/s

25.0 S/s

10.0 S/s

5.0 S/s

200.0 MHz

125.0 MHz

50.0 MHz

25.0 MHz

12.5 MHz

5.0 MHz

2.5 MHz

1.25 MHz

500.0 kHz

250.0 kHz

125.0 kHz

50.0 kHz

25.0 kHz

12.5 kHz

5.0 kHz

2.5 kHz

1.25 kHz

500.0 Hz

250.0 Hz

125.0 Hz

50.0 Hz

25.0 Hz

12.5 Hz

5.0 Hz

2.5 Hz

†

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 33

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Ta king Measurements

The oscilloscope displays graphs of voltage versus time and can help you to measure the displayed waveform.

There are several ways to take measurements. You can use the graticule, the cursors, or an automated measurement.

Graticule

This method allows you to make a quick , visual estimate. For example, you mi ght look at a waveform amplitude and determine that it is a little more than 100 mV.

You can take simple measurements by counting the m ajor and minor graticule divisions involved and multip lying by the scale factor.

Forexample,ifyoucountedﬁv e ma jor vert ical graticu le divisions between the minimum and maximum values o f a waveform and knew you had a scale factor of 100 mV/division, then you could calculate your peak-to-peak voltage as follows:

5 divisions x 100 mV/division = 500 mV

Cursor

Cursors

This method allows you to take measurements by moving the cursors, which always appear in pairs, and reading their numeric values from the display readouts. There are two types of cursors: Amplitude and Time.

When you use cursors, be sure to set the Source to the waveform on the display that you want to measure.

34 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

To use cursors, push the CURSOR button.

Amplitude Cursors. Amplitude cursors appear as horizontal lines on the

display and measure the vertica to the reference level. For the Math FFT function, these cursors measure magnitude.

Time Cursors. Time cursors appear as vertical lines on the display and

measure both horizontal and vertical parameters. Times are referenced to the trigger point. For the Math FFT function, these cursors measure frequency.

Time cursors also include a readout of the waveform amplitude at the point the waveform crosses the cursor.

l parameters. Amplitudes are referenced

Automatic

The MEASURE Menu can take up to ﬁve automatic measurements. When you take automatic measurements, the oscilloscope does all the calculating for you. Because the measurements use the waveform record points, they are more accurate than the graticule or cursor measurements.

Automatic measurements use readouts to show measurement r esults. These r eadouts are updated periodically as the oscilloscope acquires new data.

For measurement descriptions, refer to the Reference chapter. (See page 111, Taking Measurements.)

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 35

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

36 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

This section presents a series of ap pli catio n examples. These simpliﬁed examples highlight the features of the oscilloscope and g ive you ideas for using it to solve your own test problems.

Taking simple m easurements

Using Autoset

Using the Measure Menu to take automatic measurements

Measuring two signals and calculating gain

Using Autorange to examine a series of test points

Taking cursor measurements

Measuring ring frequency and ring amplitude

Measuring pulse width

Measuring rise time

Analyzing signal detail

Looking at a noisy signal

Using the average function to separate a signal from noise

Capturing a single-shot signal

Optimizing the acquisition

Measuring propagation delay

Triggering on a pulse width

Triggering on a video signal

Triggering on video ﬁelds and video lines

Using the window function to see waveform details

Analyzing a differential communication signal using Math functions

Viewing impedance changes in a network using XY mode and persistence

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 37

Application Examples

Ta king Simple Measurements

You need to see a signal in a circuit, but you do not know the amplitude or freque ncy of the signal. You want to qu ickly display the signal and measure the frequency, period, and peak-to-peak amplitude.

Using Autoset

To quickly display a signal, follow these steps:

1. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

2. Push Probe ► Volt a g e ►Attenuation ► 10X.

3. Set the switch to 10X on the P2220 probe.

4. Connect the channel 1 probe tip to the signal. Connect the reference

lead to the circuit reference point.

5. Push the AUTOSET button.

The oscilloscope sets the vertical, horizontal, and trigger controls automatically. If you want t o optimize the display of the waveform , you can manually adjust these controls.

NOTE. The oscilloscope displays relevant automatic measurements in the

waveform area of the screen based on the signal type that is detected.

38 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

For oscilloscope-speciﬁc descriptions, refer to the Reference chapter. (See page 98, Autoset.)

Taking Automatic Measurements

The oscilloscope can take automatic measurements of most displayed signals.

NOTE. If a question mark (?) a ppears in the Value readout, the signal

is outside the measurement range. Adjust the VOLTS/DIV knob of the appropriate channel to decrease the sensitivity or change the SEC /DIV setting.

To measure signal frequency, period, and peak-to-peak amplitude, rise time, and positive width, follow these steps:

1. Push the MEASURE button to see the Measure Menu.

2. Push the top option

button; the Measure 1 Menu appears.

3. Push Type ► Freq.

The Va l ue readout displays the measurement and updates.

4. Push the Back op

tion button.

5. Push the second option button from the top; the Measure 2 Menu

appears.

6. Push Type ► Period.

The Va l ue readout displays the measurement and updates.

7. Push the Ba

ck option button.

8. Push the middle option button; the Measure 3 Menu appears.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 39

Application Examples

9. Push Typ e ► Pk-Pk.

The Va l ue readout disp lays the measurement an d updates.

10. Push the Back option button.

11. Push the second option button from the bottom; the Measure 4

Menu appears.

12. Push Type ► Rise Time.

The Va l ue readout disp lays the measurement an d updates.

13. Push the Back option button.

14. Push the bottom option button; the Measure 5 Menu appears.

15. Push Type ► Pos Width.

The Va l ue readout disp lays the measurement an d updates.

16. Push the Back option button.

CH1 Freq

1.000kHz

CH1

Period

1.000ms

CH1

Pk-Pk

5.04V

CH1

Rise Time

2.611µs?

CH1

Pos Width

500.0µs

40 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

Measuring Two Signals

If you are testing a piece of equipment and need to measure the gain of the audio ampliﬁer, you will need an audio generator that can inject a test signal at the ampliﬁer input. Connect two oscilloscope channels to the ampliﬁer input and output as shown next. Measure both signal levels and use the measurem ents to calculate the gain.

CH1

Pk-Pk

2.04V

CH2

Pk-Pk

206mV

CH1

None

CH1

None

CH1

None

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 41

Application Examples

To activate and display the signals connected to channel 1 and to channel 2, and select m easurem ents for the tw o channels, follow these steps:

1. Push the AUTOSET button.

2. Push the MEASURE button to see the Measure Menu.

3. Push the top option button; the Measure 1 Menu appears.

4. Push Source ► CH1.

5. Push Typ e ► Pk-Pk.

6. Push the Back option button.

7. Push the second option button from the top; the Measure 2 Menu

appears.

8. Push Source ► CH2.

9. Push Typ e ► Pk-Pk.

10. Push the Back option button.

Read the displayed peak-to-peak amplitudes for both channels.

11. To calculate the ampliﬁer voltage gain, use these equations:

VoltageGain = output amplitude/input amplitude

VoltageGain (dB) = 20 × log

(VoltageGain)

42 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

Using Autorange to Examine a Series of Test Points

If you have a machine that is malfunctioning, you may need to ﬁnd the frequency and RMS voltage of several test points, and compare these values to ideal values. You are not able to access front-panel controls since you need to use both hands when probing test points that are difﬁcult to physically reach.

1. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

2. Push Probe ► Voltage ► Attenuation and set to m atch the

attenuation of the probe attached to channel 1.

3. Push the AUTORANGE button to activate autoranging, and select

the Vertical and Horizontal option.

4. Push the MEASURE button to see the Measure Menu.

5. Push the top option button; the Measure 1 Menu appears.

6. Push Source ► CH1.

7. Push Type ► Frequency.

8. Push the Back option button.

9. Push the second option button from the top; the Measure 2 Menu

appears.

10. Push Source ► CH1.

11. Push Type ► Cyc RMS.

12. Push the Back option button.

13. Attach the probe tip and reference lead to the ﬁrst test point. Read

the frequency and cycle RMS measurements from the oscilloscope display and compare these to the ideal values.

14. Repeat step 13 for each test point, until you ﬁnd the malfunctioning

component.

NOTE. When Autorange is active, each time you move the probe to another

test point, the oscilloscope readjusts the horizontal scale, the vertical scale, and the trigger level, to give you a useful display.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 43

Application Examples

Taking Cursor Measurements

You can use the cursors to quickly take time and amplitude measurements on a waveform.

Measuring Ring Frequency and Amplitude

To measure the ring freq uency at the rising edge of a signal, follow these steps:

1. Push the CURSOR buttontoseetheCursorMenu.

2. Push Typ e ► Time.

3. Push Source ► CH1.

4. Push the Cursor 1 option button.

5. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the ﬁrst peak of

the ring.

6. Push the Cursor 2 option button.

7. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the second peak

of the ring.

You can see the Δ (delta) time and frequency (the measured ring frequency) in the Cursor Menu.

Type

Time

Source

CH1

Δt 540.0ns

1/Δt1.852MHz

ΔV0.44V

Cursor1

180ns

1.40V

Cursor2

720ns

0.96V

44 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

8. Push Type ► Amplitude.

9. Push the Cursor 1 o ption button.

10. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the ﬁrst peak of

the ring.

11. Push the Cursor 2 option button.

12. Turn the multipurpose knob to place Cursor 2 on the lowest part

of the ring.

You can see the amplitude of the ring in the Cursor Menu.

Type

Amplitude

Source

CH1

ΔV 640mV

Cursor 1

1.46V

Cursor 2

820mV

Measuring Pulse Width

If you are analyzing a pulse waveform and you want to know the width of the pulse, follow these steps:

1. Push the CURSOR button to s ee the Cursor Menu.

2. Push Type ► Time.

3. Push Source ► CH1.

4. Push the Cursor 1 o ption button.

5. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the rising edge

of the pulse.

6. Push the Cursor 2 o ption button.

7. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the falling edge

of the pulse.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 45

Application Examples

You can see the following measurements in the Cursor Menu:

The time at Cursor 1, relative to the trigger.

The time at Cursor 2, relative to the trigger.

The Δ (delta) time, which is the pulse width measurement.

NOTE. The Positive Width measurement is available as an automatic

measurement in the Measure Menu. (See page 111, Taking Measurements.)

Type

Time

Source

CH1

Δt 500.0µs

1/Δt 2.000kHz

ΔV1.38V

Cursor 1

0.00s

0.98V

Cursor 2

500µs

-1.00V

NOTE. The Positive Width measurement also displays when you select the

Single-Cycle Square option in the AUTOSET Menu. (See page 101, Square Wave or Pulse.)

46 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

Measuring Rise Time

After measuring the pulse width, you decide that you need to check the rise tim e of the pulse. Typically, you measure rise time between the 10% and 90% levels of the waveform . To measure the rise time, follow these steps:

1. Turn the SEC/DIV knob to display the rising edge of the waveform.

2. Turn the VOLTS/DIV and VERTICAL POSITION knobs to set

the waveform amplitude to about ﬁve divisions.

3. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

4. Push Volt s / D iv ► Fine.

5. Turn the VOLTS/DIV knob to set the waveform amplitude to

exactly ﬁve divisions.

6. Turn the VERTICAL POSITION knob to center the wavefo rm;

position the baseline of the waveform 2.5 divisions below the center graticule.

7. Push the CURSOR button to s ee the Cursor Menu.

8. Push Type ► Time.

9. Push Source ► CH1.

10. Push the Cursor 1 option button.

11. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor at the point where the

waveform crosses the second graticule line below center screen. This is the 10% level of the waveform.

12. Push the Cursor 2 option button.

13. Turn the multipurpose k nob to place a cursor a t the point where the

waveform crosses the second graticule line above center screen. This is the 90% level of the waveform.

The Δt readout in the Cursor Menu is the rise time of the waveform.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 47

Application Examples

5 divisions

NOTE. The Rise Time measurement is available as an automatic

measurement in the Measure Menu. (See page 111, Taking Measurements.)

NOTE. The Rise Time measurement also displays w hen you select the Rising

Edge option in the AUTOSET Menu. (See page 101, Square Wave or Pulse.)

Analyzing Signal Detail

Type

Time

Source

CH1

Δt 140.0ns

1/Δt7.143MHz

ΔV 2.08V

Cursor 1

-80.0ns

-1.02V

Cursor 2

60.0ns

1.06V

You have a noisy signal displayed on the oscilloscope and you need to know more abo ut it. You suspect that the signal contains much more detail than you can now see in the disp lay.

48 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

Looking at a Noisy Signal

The signal appears noisy and you suspect that noise is causing problems in your circuit. To better analyze the noise, follow these steps:

1. Push the ACQUIRE button to see the Acquire Menu.

2. Push the Peak Detect option button.

3. If necessary, push the DISPLAY butt on to see the Display Menu.

Use the Adjust Contrast option button with the multipurpose knob to adjust the disp lay to see the noise more easily.

Peak detect emphasizes noise spikes and glitches in your signal, especially when the time base is set to a slow setting.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 49

Application Examples

Separating the Signal from Noise

Now you want to analyze the signal shape and ignore the noise. To reduce random noise in the oscilloscope display, follow these steps:

1. Push the ACQUIRE button to see th e Acquire Menu.

2. Push the Average option button.

3. Push the Averages option button to see the effects of varying the

number of running averages on the waveform display.

Averaging reduces random noise and makes it easier to see detail in a signal. In the example below, a ring shows on the rising and falling edges of the signal when the noise is removed.

50 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Capturing a Single-Shot Signal

The reliability of a reed relay in a piece of equipment has been poor and you need to investigate the problem. You suspect that the relay contacts arc w hen the relay opens. The fastest that you can open and close the relay is about once per minute, so you need to capture the voltage across the relay as a single-shot acquisition.

Application Examples

To set up for a single- shot acquisition, follow these steps:

1. Turn the vertical VOLTS/DIV and horizontal SEC/DIV knobs to

the approp riate ranges for the signal you expect to see.

2. Push the ACQUIRE button to see the Acquire Menu.

3. Push the Peak Detect option button.

4. Push the TRIG MENU button to see the Trigger Menu.

5. Push Slope ► Rising.

6. Turn the LEVEL knob to ad just the trigger l evel to a voltage

midway between the open and closed voltages of the relay.

7. Push the SINGLE SEQ button to start the acquisition.

When the relay opens, the oscilloscope triggers and captures the event.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 51

Application Examples

Optimizing the Acquisition

The initial acquisition shows the relay contact beginning to open at the trigger point. This is followed by a large spike that indicates contact bounce and inductance in the circuit. The inductance can cause contact arcing and premature relay failure.

You can use the vertical, horizontal, and trigger cont rols to optim ize the settings before the next single-shot event is captured. When the next acquisition is captured with the new settings (push th e SINGLE SEQ butto n again), you can see that the contact bounces several times as it opens.

52 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Measuring P ropagation Delay

You suspect that the memory timing in a microprocessor circuit is marginal. Set up the oscilloscope to measure the propagation delay between the chip-select signal and the data output of the mem ory device.

Application Examples

Type

Time

Source

CH1

Δt 20.00ns

1/Δt50.00MHz

ΔV0.28V

Cursor 1

50.0ns

-0.20V

Cursor 2

70.0ns

0.08V

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 53

Application Examples

To set up to measure propagation delay, follow these steps:

1. Push the AUTOSET button to trigger a stable display.

2. Adjust the horizontal and vertical controls to optimize the displ ay.

3. Push the CURSOR buttontoseetheCursorMenu.

4. Push Typ e ► Time.

5. Push Source ► CH1.

6. Push the Cursor 1 option button.

7. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the active edge

of the chip-select signal.

8. Push the Cursor 2 option button.

9. Turn the multipurpose knob to place the second cursor on the data

output transition.

The Δt readout in the Cursor Menu is the propagation delay between the waveforms. The readout is valid because the two waveforms have the same SEC/DIV setting.

Triggering on a SpeciﬁcPulseWidth

You are testing the pulse w idt hs of a signal in a circuit. It is critical that thepulsesallbeaspeciﬁc width, and you need to verify that they are. Edge triggering shows that your signal is as speciﬁed, and the pulse width measurement does not vary from the speciﬁcation. However, you think there might be a problem.

54 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

To set up a test for pulse width aberrations, follow these steps:

1. Push the AUTOSET button to trigger a stable display.

2. Push the Single Cycle op

view a single cycle of the signal, and to quickly take a Pulse Width measurement.

3. Push the TRIG MENU button to see the Trigger Menu.

4. Push Type ► Pulse.

5. Push Source ► CH1.

6. Turn the TRIGGER LEVEL knob to set the trigger level near

the bottom of the signal.

7. Push When ► = (equals).

8. Turn the multi

reported by the Pulse Width measurement in step 2.

9. Push More ► Mo

You can achieve a stable display with the oscilloscope triggering on normal pul

1. Push the When option button to select ≠, <,or>.Ifthereare

ses.

any aberr oscilloscope triggers.

purpose knob to set the pulse width to the value

ant pulses that meet the speciﬁed When condition, the

tion button in the AUTOSET Menu to

de ► Normal.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 55

Application Examples

NOTE. The trigger frequency readout shows the frequency of events that

the oscilloscope might consider to be a trigge r, and may be less than the frequency of th e input signal in Pulse Width trigger mode.

Triggering on a Video Signal

You are testing the need to display the video output signal. T he video output is an NTSC standard signal. Use the video trigger to obtain a stable display.

video circuit in a piece of medical equipment and

56 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

NOTE. Most vid

inputs do not p amplitude in 75 ohm feedt equivalent the oscill

eo systems use 75 ohm cabling. The oscilloscope

roperly terminate low impedance cabling. To avoid

accuracy from improper loading and reﬂections, place a

hrough terminator (Tektronix part number 011-0055-02 or

) between the 75 ohm coaxial cable from the signal source and

oscope BNC input.

Triggering on Video Fields

Automatic. To trigger on the video ﬁelds, follow these steps:

1. Push the AUTOSET button. When Autoset is complete, the

oscilloscope display s the video signal with sync on All F ields.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 57

Application Examples

The oscilloscope sets the Stan dard option when you use the Autoset function.

1. Push the Odd Field or Even Field option buttons from the AUTOSET Menu to sync on odd or even ﬁelds only.

Manual. An alternative metho

d requires more steps, bu t may be necessary depending on the video signal. To use the manual method, follow these steps:

1. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

2. Push Coupling ► AC.

3. Push the TRIG MENU button to see the Trigger M enu.

4. Push the top option button and select Video.

5. Push Source ► CH1.

6. Push the Sync option button and select All Fields, Odd Field,or

Even Field.

7. Push Standard ► NTSC.

8. Turn the horizontal SEC/DIV knob to see a complete ﬁeld across

the screen.

9. Turn the vertical VOLTS/DIV knob to ensure that the entire video

signal is visible on the screen.

58 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

Triggering on Video Lines

Automatic. You can also look at the video lines in the ﬁeld. To trigger

on the video lines, follow these

1. Push the AUTOSET button.

2. Push the top option button to select Line to sync on all lines. (The AUTOSET Menu includes All Lines and Line Number options.)

Manual. An alternative method requires more steps, but m ay be

necessary depending on the video signal. To use this m ethod, follow these steps:

1. Push the TRIG MENU button to see the Trigger Menu.

2. Push the top option button and select Video.

3. Push the Sync option button and select All Lines or Line Number

and turn the multipurpose knob to set a speciﬁc line number.

4. Push Standard ► NTSC.

5. Turn the SEC/DIV knob to see a complete video line across the

screen.

steps:

6. Turn the VOLTS/DIV knob to ensure that the entire video signal is visible on the screen.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 59

Application Examples

Incoming video signal

Using the Window Function to See Waveform Details

You can use the window (zoom) function to examine a speciﬁc portion of a waveform without changing the main display.

If you want to view the color burst in the previous waveform in more detail without changing the main display, follow these steps:

1. Push the HORIZ MENU bu tto n to see the H orizontal Menu and select the Main option.

2. Push the Window Zone option button.

3. Turn the SEC/DIV knob and select 500 ns. This will be the

SEC/DIV setting of the expanded view.

4. Turn the HORIZONTAL POSITION knob to position the window around the portion of the waveform that you want to expand.

60 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

1. Push the Window op tio n button to see the expanded portion of

the waveform.

2. Turn the SEC/DIV knob to optim ize viewing the expanded

waveform.

To switch between the Main and Window views, push the Main or Window option button in the Horizontal Menu.

Analyzing a Differential Communication Signal

You are having intermittent problem s with a serial data communication link, and you suspect poor signal quality. Set up the oscillo sco pe to show you a snapshot of the serial data stream so you can verify the signal levels and transition times.

Because this is a differential signal, you use the Math function of the oscilloscope to view a better representation of the waveform.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 61

Application Examples

NOTE. Be sure to ﬁrst compensate both probes. Differences in probe

compensation appear as errors in the differential signal.

62 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

To activate the differential signals connected to channel 1 and to channel 2, follow these steps:

1. Push the CH 1 MENU button and set the Probe ► Vo lt a g e►

Attenuation option to 10X.

2. Push the CH 2 MENU button and set the Probe ► Vo lt a g e►

Attenuation option to 10X.

3. Set t he switches to 10X on the P222 0 probes.

4. Push the AUTOSET button.

5. Push the MATH MENU button to see the Math Menu.

6. Push the O p eration option button and select -.

7. Push the CH1-CH2 option button to display a new waveform that

is the difference between the displayed waveforms.

8. To adjust the vertical scale and position of the Math waveform,

follow these steps:

a. Remove the channel 1 and channel 2 waveforms from the

display.

b. TurntheCH1andCH2VOLTS/DIVandtheVERTICAL

POSITION knobs to adjust the vertical scale and position of the Math waveform.

For a more stable display, push the SINGLE SEQ button to control the acquisition of the waveform. Each time you push the SINGLE SEQ button, the oscilloscope acqu ires a snapshot of the digital data stream. You can use the cursors or automatic measurements to analyze the waveform, or you can store the waveform to analyze later.

Viewing Impedance Changes in a Network

You have designed a circuit that needs to operate over a wide temperature range. You need to evaluate the change in impedance of the circuit as the ambient temperature is changed.

Connect the oscilloscope to monitor the input and output of the circuit and capture the changes that occur as you vary the temperature.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 63

Application Examples

To view the input and output of the circuit in an XY display, follow these steps:

1. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

2. Push Probe ► Volt a g e ►Attenuation ► 10X.

3. Push the CH 2 MENU button.

4. Push Probe ► Voltage ► Attenuation ► 10X.

5. Set the switches to 10X on the P2220 probes.

6. Connect the channel 1 probe to the input of the network, and

connect the channel 2 probe to the output.

64 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

7. Push the AUTOSET button.

8. Turn the VOLTS/DIV knobs to display approximately the same

amplitude signals on each channel.

9. Push the DISPLAY button to s ee the Display Menu.

10. Push Format ► XY.

The oscilloscop e displays a Lissajous pattern representing the input and output characteristics of the circuit.

11. Turn the VOLTS/DIV and VERTICAL POSITION knobs to

optimize the display.

12. Push Persist ► Inﬁnite.

13. Push the Adjust Contrast option button and turn the multipurpose

knob to adjust the display.

As you adjust the ambient temperature, the display persistence captures the changes in the characteristics of the circuit.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 65

Application Examples

66 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Math FFT

This chapter contains detailed information on ho w to use the Math FFT (Fast Fourier Transform). You can use the FFT Math mode to convert a time-domain (YT) signal into its frequency components (spectrum). You can use the Math FFT mode for the following types of analysis:

Analyze harmonics in power lines

Measure harmon ic content and distortion in systems

Characterize n oise in DC power supplies

Testimpulseresponseofﬁlters and systems

Analyze vibration

To use the Math FFT mode, you need to perform the following tasks:

Set up the source (time-domain) waveform

Display the FFT spectrum

SelectatypeofFFTwindow

Adjust the sample rate to display the fundamental frequency and harmonics without aliasing

Use zoom controls to magnify the spectrum

Use cursors to measure the spectrum

Setting Up the Time-Domain Waveform

Before you use FFT m ode, you need to set up the time-domain (YT) waveform. To do so, follow these steps:

1. Push AUTOSET to display a YT waveform.

2. Turn the VERTICAL POSITION knob to move the YT waveform

to the center vertically (zero divisions).

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 67

Math FFT

This ensures that the FFT will show a true DC valu e.

3. Turn the HORIZONTAL POSITION knob to position the part of the YT waveform that you want to analyze in the center eight divisions of the screen.

The oscilloscope calculates the FFT spectrum using the center 2048 points of the time-domain waveform.

4. Turn the VOLTS/DIV knob to ensure that the entire waveform remains on the screen. The oscilloscope may display erroneous FFT results (by adding high frequency components) if the entire waveform is not visible.

5. Turn the SEC/DIV knob to provide the resolution you want in the FFT spectrum.

6. If possible, set th e oscilloscope to display many signal cycles.

If you turn the SEC/DIV knob to select a faster setting (few cycles), the FFT spectrum shows a larger frequency range, and reduces the possibility of FFT aliasing. (See page 73, FFT Aliasing.) However, the oscilloscope also displays les resolution.

To set up the FFT display, follow these steps:

1. Push the MATH MENU butt on to see the Math Menu.

2. Push Operation ► FFT.

3. Select the Math FFT Source channel.

In many cases, the oscilloscope can produce a useful FFT spectrum even if the YT waveform is not triggered. This is especially true if y our signal is periodic o r random (noisy).

NOTE. Trigger and position any transient or burst waveforms as closely as

possible to the center of the screen.

s frequency

Nyquist Frequency

The highest frequency that any real-time digitizing oscilloscop e can measure without errors is one-half the sam ple rate. This frequen cy is called the Nyquist frequency. Frequency information above the Nyquist

68 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

frequency is undersampled, which causes FFT aliasing. (See page 73, FFT Aliasing.)

The math function transforms the center 2048 points of the time-domain waveform into an FFT spectrum . The resulting FFT spectrum contains 1024 points that go from DC (0 Hz) to the Nyquist frequency.

Normally, the display compresses the FFT spectrum horizontally into 250 points, but you can use the FFT Zoom function to expand the FFT spectrum to more clearly see the frequency components at each of the 1024 data points in the FFT spectrum.

NOTE. The oscilloscope vertical response rolls off slowly above its

bandwidth (40 MHz, 60 MHz, 100 MHz or 200 MHz, depending on the model, or 20 MHz when the Bandwidth Limit option is ON). Therefore, the FFT spectrum can show valid frequency information higher than the oscilloscope bandwidth. Howeve r, the magnitude information near or above the ba ndwidth will not be accurate.

Displaying the FFT Spectrum

Push the MATH MENU button to display the Math Menu. Use the options to select the Source channel, Window algorithm, and FFT Zoom factor. You can display only one FFT spectrum at a time.

Math FFT

Math FFT optio

Source CH1, CH2, CH31,

Window Hanning, Flattop,

FFT Zoom X1, X2, X5, X10

Available only on a 4-channel oscilloscope.

Settings Comments

CH4

Rectangular

Selects the channel used as the FFT source

Selects the FFT window type;(See page 70, Selecting an FFT Window.)

Changes thehorizontal magniﬁcation of the FFT display; (See page 74,

Magnifying and Positioning an FFT Spectrum.)

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 69

Math FFT

Fundamental frequency component

Frequency component

1. Frequency at the center graticule line.

2. Vertical scale in dB per division (0 dB = 1 V

3. Horizontal scale in frequency per division.

4. Sample rate in number of samp les per second.

5. FFT window type.

Selecting an FFT Window

Windows reduce spectral leakage in the FFT spectrum. The FFT assumes that the YT waveform repeats forever. With an integral number of cycles (1, 2, 3, ...), the YT waveform starts and ends at the same amplitude and there are no discontinuities in the signal shape.

A non-integral number of cycles in the YT waveform causes the signal start and end points to be at different amplitudes. The transitions between the start and end points cause discontinuities in the signal that introduce high-frequency transients.

RMS

70 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Math FFT

Applying a window to the YT waveform changes the waveform so that the start and stop values are close to each other, reducing the discontinuities.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 71

Math FFT

The Math FFT func

tion includ es three FFT Window options. There is a trade-off between frequency resolution and amplitude accuracy with each type of window. What you want to measure and your source signal characterist

Window Measure Characteristics

Hanning Periodic

Flattop Periodic

Rectangular Pulses or

ics will help you to determine which window to use.

Better frequency, poorer magnitude

waveforms

transients

accuracy than Flattop

Better magnitude, poorer frequency accuracy than Hanning

al-purpose window for

Speci

forms that do not have

wave

ontinuities. This is essentially

disc

same as no window

the

72 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

Math FFT

FFT Aliasing

Problems occur when the oscilloscope acquires a tim e-dom ain waveform containing frequency components that are greater than the Nyquist frequency. (See page 68, Nyquist Frequency.) The frequency components that a re above the Nyquist frequency are undersampled, appearing as lower frequency components that "fold back" around the Nyquist frequency. These incorrect components are called aliases.

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 73

Math FFT

Eliminating Aliases

To eliminate aliases, t ry the following remedies:

Turn the SEC/DIV knob to set the sample rate to a faster setting. Since you increase the Nyquist frequency as you increase the sample rate, the aliased frequency components appear at their proper frequency. If too m any frequency components are shown on the screen, you can use the FFT Zoom option to magnify the FFT spectrum.

If you do not need to view freq uency components above 20 MHz, set the Bandwidth Limit option to On.

Put an external ﬁlter on the sou rce signal to bandwidth limit the source waveform to frequencies below that of the Nyquist frequency.

Recognize and ignore the aliased frequencies.

Use zoom controls and the cursors to magnify and measure the FFT spectrum.

Magnifying and Positioning an FFT Spectrum

You can magnify and use cursors to take measurements on the FFT spectrum. The oscilloscope includes an FFT Zoom option to magnify horizontally. To magnify vertically, you can use th e vertical controls.

Horizontal Zoom and Position

The FFT Zoom opti without changing the sample rate. Zoom factors are X1 (default), X2, X5, and X10. At zoom factor X1, and w ith the waveform centered in the graticule line is at the Nyquist frequency.

When you change the zoom factor, the FFT spectrum is magniﬁed about the center graticule line. In other words, the axis of horizontal magniﬁcation is the center graticule line.

Turn the HORIZONTAL POSITION knob clockwise to move the FFT spectrum to the right. Push th e SET TO ZERO button to position the center of the spectrum at the center of the graticule.

74 TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual

, the left graticule line is at 0 Hz and the right graticule

on lets you horizontally magnify the FFT spectrum

Vertical Zoom and Position

The channel vertical knobs become vertical zoom and position controls for their respective channels when displaying the FFT spectrum. The VOLTS/DIV knob provides zoom factors of X0.5, X1 (default), X2, X5, and X10. The FFT spectrum is vertically magniﬁed about the M marker (math waveform reference point on the left edge of the screen).

Turn the VERTICAL POSITION knob clockwise to move the spectrum up for the source channel.

Measuring an FFT Spectrum Using Cursors

You can take two measurements on FFT spectrums: magnitude (in dB), and frequency (in Hz). Magnitude is referenced to 0 dB, where 0 dB equals 1 V

You can use the cursors to take measurements at any zoom factor. To do so, follow these steps:

1. Push the CURSOR button to s ee the Cursor Menu.

2. Push Source ► MATH.

RMS

Math FFT

3. Push the Ty p e option button to select Magnitude or Frequency.

4. Use the multipurpose knob to move cursors 1 and 2.

Use horizontal cursors to measure magnitude and vertical cursors to measure frequency. The options display the delta between the two cursors, the value at cursor 1 position, and the va lue at cursor 2 position. Delta is the absolute value of cursor 1 minus cursor 2.

Magnitude cursors Frequency cursors

TDS1000B/2000B Series Oscilloscope User Manual 75

Math FFT

You can also take a frequency measurement without using the cursors. To do so, turn the Horizontal Position knob to position a frequency component on the center graticule line and read the frequency at the top right of the display.

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Tektronix TDS1000B Series, TDS2000B Series User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual