Sony MDS-501 User Manual

MiniDisc Recorder
3-758-491-23(1)
Operating instructions
MDS-501
® 1994 by Sony Ckjrporation

WARNING

CAUTION

RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
DO NOT OPEN
CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK.
DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK).
NO USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE.
REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL.
This symbol is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated
"dangerous voltage" within the
product's enclosLU% that may be of
A
sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons.
This symbol is intended to alert the user to the presence of important operating and maintenance (servicing)
instructions in the literature
accompanying the appliance.

INFORMATION

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generatc's, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
— Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. — Increase the separation betw'een the equipment and
receiver.
— Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different
from that to which the receiver is connected.
— Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician
for help.
CAUTION
You are cautioned that any changes or modifications not expressly approved in this manual could void your authority to operate this equipment.
For the customers in Canada

Owner's Record

The model and serial numbers are located on the rear of the
unit. Record the serial number in the spacs provided below. Refer to them whenever you call upon your Sony dealer regarding this product.
Model No. MDS-501 Serial No.
IN NO EVENT SHALL SELLER BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY NATURE, OR LOSSES OR EXPENSES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECTIVE PRODUCT OR THE USE OF ANY PRODUCT.
______________________
CAUTION
TO PREVENT ELECTRIC SHCXK, DO NOT USE THIS POLARIZED AC PLUG WITH AN EXTENSION CORD, RECEPTACLE OR OTHER OUTLET UNLESS THE BLADES CAN BE FULLY INSERTED TO PREVENT BLADE EXPOSURE.
This apparatus complies with the Class B limits for radio
noise emissions set out in Radio Interference Regulations.

Table of Contents

Welcome!.............................................................................4
What is the MiniDisc?
Preparations
Precautions...........................................................................6
Unpacking............................................................................7
Checking the supplied accessories
Notes on installation.......................................................7
Checking the operating voltage Installing batteries into the remote commander Should the front cover come off
Looking at the Controls........................................................8
Front panel......................................................................8
Remote commander........................................................9
Hooking Up the System
Rear panel jacks............................................................10
Before you begin Notes on the optical digital input/output jacks Hooking up an analog-signal amplifîer
Hooking up a digital-signal amplifier...........................12
Setting the Qock.................................................................13
Listening to a MiniDisc (MD)
Playing an MD (Normal Play)............................................14
Playing an MD from the first track...............................14
Locating a specific track...............................................15
Locating the beginning of a track (AMS).....................15
Locating a position within a track (Search) Displaying the title and remaining playing
time of a track
Displaying the recording date.......................................17
Playing Tracks in Random Order (SHUFFLE Play) Playing Tracks in a Specific Order (PROGRAM Play)
Playing Tracks Repeatedly.................................................20
Playing tracks repeatedly..............................................20
Playing a specified portion repeatedly (A-B Repeat) Scanning Tracks (Music Scan) Inserting Spaces During Playback (Auto Space) Pausing After Each Track (Auto Pause)
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10 10
10
11
16 16 18
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21 21
22
5
7 7
7 7
18
20
Editing a Recorded MiniDisc
Editing Functions for a Recorded MiniI3isc Erasing Recordings (Erase Function)
Erasing a single track
Erasing an MD..............................................................35
Erasing a part of a track................................................35
Dividing Recorded Tracks (Divide Function) Combining Recorded Tracks (Combine Function)
Moving Recorded Tracks (Move Function).......................39
Labeling Recordings (Title Function)
Turning off the title display..........................................41
Labeling a track with the front panel controls
Labeling an MD with the front panel controls
Labeling a track with the remote commander
Labeling an MD with the remote commander..............43
Additional Information
Timer-Activated Recording and Playback
Specirications.....................................................................46
Display Messages...............................................................47
System Limitations.............................................................47
Guide to the Serial Copy Management System
Troubleshooting Guide.......................................................50
Index.................................................................................. 51
Note on procedures
Most of the procedures in this manual use the front panel controls. Procedures that require use of the remote commander are marked "Remote commander operation only." When both sets of controls are applicable but are represented by different marks, the front f>anel control appears first, followed by the respective remote commander control in parentheses.
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34 34
38 41 41
42
43
45
48
33
36
Recording a MiniDisc
Before Recording
Selecting the recording mode To protect a MiniDisc against accidental erasure
Input monitor function..................................................24
Recording...........................................................................25
Recording a Digital Source Recording From the Line (Analog) Input Jack
Analog recording..........................................................28
Adjusting the recording level
CD Synchro-Recording......................................................30
Playing Back Tracks Just Recorded...................................31
Marking Track Numbers While Recording
(Track Marking)
Marking track numbers manually (Manual Track
Marking)
Marking track numbers automatically (Automatic
Track Marking)
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22
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24
25 28
29
32
32 32

Weicomei

Welcome lo the world of the MiniDisc! The Sony MiniDisc Recorder is the result of Sony's on-going commitment to leadership in audio-video technology. Here are some of the capabilities and features you'll discover with the new MiniDisc Recorder.

CD-like performance

• Direct access to up to 25 tracks through your remote
commander, just like a CD player.
• A music calendar that shows at a glance which track is
being played back, recorded or edited. A grid display
function provides easy distinction between premastered
and recordable discs.
• Convenient playback functions such as shuffle play,
program play, music scan, and repeat (all tracks, a single
track or a specific portion).
• A digital peak meter for accurate signal level monitoring
during input and output.
• Timer-activated playback and recording using an
optional timer.
An array of special features
• A title function for creating titles of up to 1(X) characters
for recorded discs and traclb.
• An AMS (Automatic Music Sensor) dial for quick and
easy access to specific tracks.
Instant delete function for an entire disc or a single track.
• Multiple TOC (Table Of Contents)-based editing
functions that allow you to divide, combine and move
tracks with ease. Sound monitoring during track division
is also supported.
Track marking function for automatic or manual addition of track numbers while recording.
State-of-the-art technology
• ATRAC (Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding) data compression technology with a compression ratio of
about 1:5, providing almost the same disc playing time as a CD.
Professional level memory start function for fast playback resumption during play pause. Sound is output from an internal memory rather than the disc to eliminate delays due to disc rotation lag (of about 0.1 to 0.3 seconds).
Automatic date and time stamp function for recordings.
Multi-purpose input and output jacks
Digital I/O and analog I/O jacks to accomodate a variety of sound sources. Connect digital sound sources for direct, adjustment-free playback or dubbing of digital sound.
U.S. and foreign patents licensed from Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation.

What is the MiniDisc?

How MiniDiscs work How the MiniDisc got so smal
MiniDiscs (MD) come in two types: premastered (prerecorded) and recordable (blank). Premastered ME)s,
recorded at music studios, can be played back almost endlessly. However, they can't be recorded on or over like cassette tapes. To record, you use a "recordable MD".

Premastered MDs

Premastered MDs are recorded and played like regular CDs. A laser beam focuses on the pits in the surface of the MD and reflects the data back to the lens in the recorder. The recorder then decodes the signals and plays them back as music.

Recordable MDs

Recordable MDs, which use magneto-optical (MO) technology, can be recorded again and again. The laser inside the recorder applies heat to the MD, demagnetizing the magnetic layer of the MD. (See illustration below.) The recorder then applies a magnetic field to the layer. This magnetic field corresponds exactly to the audio signals generated by the connected source. (The north and south
polarities equate to digital "1" and "0".) The demagnetized
MD adopts the polarity of the magnetic field, resulting in a
recorded MD.

■ Recording Mechanism

The 2.5-inch MiniDisc, encased in a plastic cartridge that looks like a 3.5-inch diskette (see illustration below), uses a new digital audio compression technology called ATRAC (Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding). To store more sound in less space, ATRAC extracts and encodes only those frequency components actually audible to the human ear.

■ Parts Making Up a MiniDisc

Shutter
h I I
_________
Recording Head
Cross-Sectional View of Recorded Pattern

•fna: l-t-

Move direction New
N(s( N ( S (j^)s ( N ( S (n
Recorded Pattern
Head Drive Signal
iH
n
_____□____
/A
Laser Beam
Magnetic Field
Old
How quick random access and the TOC (Table Of Contents) systems work
Like CDs, MDs offer instantaneous random access to the beginning of any music track. Premastered MDs are recorded with location addresses corresponding to each music selection. Recordable MDs are manufactured with a "User TOC Area" to contain the order of the music. The TCXT system is similar to the "directory management system" of floppy disks. In other words, starting and ending addresses for all music tracks recorded on the disc are stored in this area. This lets you randomly access the beginning of any track as soon as you enter the track number (AMS), as well as label the location with a track name as you would a file on a diskette.

Preparations

What is the MiniDisc?
How the Shock-Resistant Memory works
One major drawback of optical read systems is that they can skip or mute when subjected to vibration. The MD system resolves this problem by using a buffer memory that stores up to 10 seconds of audio data. This is possible because of a 1 second lag between the time audio data is picked up and when it is decoded (see illustration below). Should the optical pickup be jarred out of position, the correct audio data plays from the buffer memory. Using a concept called
"sector repositioning/' the optical pickup has the ability to within 13 milliseconds identify the disruption and resume reading from the correct point. As long as the optical pickup returns to the correct position within about 10 seconds, you never experience mistracking or muting.

■ Shock-Resistant Memory System

When playing normally
Buffer memory
ATRAC decoder
When subjected to vibration
Opticai'^^^
pickup
lim
Buffer memory
ATRAC decoder
Flow of data stops
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Precautions

On safety

• As the laser beam used in this unit is harmful to the eyes, do not attempt to disassemble the cabinet. Refer servicing to qualified personnel only.
• Should any solid object or liquid fall into the unit, unplug the unit and have it checked by qualified personnel before operating it any further.

On power sources

• Unplug the unit from the wall outlet when it is not to be used for an extended period of time.

On operation

• If the unit is brought directly from a cold to a warm location, or is placed in a very damp room, moisture may condettse on the lenses inside the MiniDisc recorder, causing the MiniDisc recorder to operate improperly. Should this occur, remove the disc and wait about an hour for the moisture to evaporate.

On the MiniDisc cartridge

• Do not open the shutter to expose the disc.
• Do not place the cartridge where it will be subject to extremes of sunlight, temperature, moisture or dust.

On cleaning

• Clean the casing with a soft cloth slightly moistened with water or a mild detergent solution. Do not use any type of abrasive pad, scouring powder or solvent such as alcohol or benzene as it may mar the finish of the casing.
If you have any questions or problems concerning your unit, please consult your nearest Sony dealer.

Unpacking

Checking the supplied accessories
Take the recorder out of the box and check that the following accessories are included:
• Remote conunanderRM-DlM (1)
• Sony SUM-3 (NS) batteries (2)
• Audio coimecting cords (2)
• Recordable MD: MDW-60 (1)
Notes on installation
• Place the unit with the front panel facing you in a location with adequate air circulation to prevent the unit from overheating.
• Do not place the unit:
— near heat sources such as radiators or air ducts. — in places subject to direct sunlight, excessive dust,
mechanical vibration or shock. — in an inclined position. — on a rug or other soft surface that would block the
ventilation holes on the bottom of the unit.

Do not throw away the carton and the packing material

They will come in handy when transporting the unit or shipping it for servicing.

On battery life

• About half a year of normal operation can be expected when using the Sony SUM-3 (NS) batteries.
• When the batteries run down, the remote commander will cease to operate the unit. In this case, replace both batteries with new ones.
On handling
• Keep the commander away from extremely hot or humid places.
• Avoid dropping any foreign objects into the commander casing, particularly when replacing the batteries.
• Avoid exposing the remote sensor to direct sunlight or lighting apparatus. Such exposure can cause a malfunction.
• To avoid damage caused by battery leakage and corrosion, remove the batteries when the commander will not be used for a long time.
Should the front cover come off
Re-attach it as follows:
a 1=^
o • a •a
1 With the front cover in horizontal position,
position the bottom hinges onto their respective pins, then press until the hinges snap in.
L J
&
Front cover
Checking the operating voltage
Operate the unit only on 120 V AC, 60 Hz. Before operating the unit, be sure that the operating voltage of your unit is identical with that of your local power supply.
Installing batteries into the remote commander

1 Open the remote commander cover. 2 Insert two Sony SUM-3 (NS) batteries with

correct polarity.
2 Close the front cover.
Looking at the Controls
Front panel
SONY
m
B3 0

(D POWER switch and STANDBY indicator

Press to turn on the recorder. The indicator lights up green. Press again to change to stand-by. The indicator lights up red.
ID Disc compartment and DISC indicator
Insert a disc here for automatic loading. The indicator lights up orange after a disc is loaded.
ID ^ EJECT button
Press to eject the disc from the disc compartment.
ID Display window
Indicates the current operating status.
(Dams* dial
Turn to cue to the beginning of specific tracks, set the clock, specify the playing o^er of programmed tracks, edit functions, and enter text data. Press to play or pause an MD.
ID ^ (search) button
Press to find a specific point within a track,
m EDIT/NO button
Press to specify or cancel editing functions. Press during recording or recording pause to specify the track number recording method.
ID yes button
Press to perform editing functions (i.e., erasing, dividing, combining, and moving).
ID PLAY MODE button
Press to select playback modes (i.e., CONTINUE, SHUFFLE, and PROGRAM).
US REPEAT button
Press for repeated playback.
IQi REC (recoiling) LEVEL control
Turn to adjust the recording level when recording from analog sources. The outer knob controls the L (left) channel level and the inner knob the R (right) channel level. You can turn both knobs together, or independently by holding one while tiuuing the other. Recording level adjustment is unnecessary when recording from a digital source.

CLOCK SET button

Press to set the clock.
INPUT selector switch
B1
Use to select the input signal source. ANALCX): Selects the signal source connected to the
LINE IN (line input) jacks.
DIGITAL: Selects the signal source conncck‘d to the
DIGITAL IN jack.
TIMER switch
M
Set normally to OFF. Set to REC or PLAY when using an optional timer to record or playback at preset times.
Remote sensor
m
Accepts commands from the remote commander.
DISPLAY button
m
Press to display the title of the current track and the remaining playing time on the MD.
• REC (recoil button
m
Press once for recording pause. Press ^ or II to start recording. Use also for track marking.
■ (stop) button
Q1
Press to stop playback or recording, or to erase all programmed tracks.
II (pause) button
Press during playback or recording to pause the recorder; press again to cancel pause.
^ (play) button
Press to start playback or recording.
LEVEL control
Turn to adjust the volume of the headphones.
PHONES jack
Connect headphones with a stereo phone plug here.
* AMS: Automatic Music Sensor
8
Remote commander
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[6]—

[U POWER switch

Press to turn on the unit; press again to turn off (change to stand-by).
[H DATE buttons
DATE RECORDED button
Press to display the recording date of a track during playback.
DATE PRESENT button
Press to display the current time and date,
m REPEAT/A.SPACE/M.SCAN buttons
REPEAT button
Press for repeated playback.
A-B button
Press for repeated playback of specific portions of a track.
A(auto).SPACE button
Press once for automatic insertion of 3-second blank spaces between tracks during playback (auto space function). Press twice for automatic pausing after each track during playback (auto pause function).
M(music).^AN button
Press to scan the beginning of each track in succession.

|4] CD-SYNC operation buttons

(use for synchronized recording with a Sony CD player) STANDBY button
Press to activate recording pause prior to CD synchrt recording.
START button
Press to start CD synchro recording.
STOP button
Press to stop CD synchro recording.
[D CD PLAYER operation buttons
(Use to control Sony CD players)
II (pause) button
Press to pause playback; press again to resume playbadc
PM (AMS) buttons
Press to find the beginning of a track.
(D Operation buttons
► (play) button
Press to start playback or recording.
II (pause) button
Press during playback or recording to pause the recorder; press again to cancel pause.
■ (stop) button Press to stop playback or recording, or to erase programmed tracks.
# (record) button
Press once for recording pause. Press ► or II to start recording. Use also for track marking.
►M (AMS) buttons
Press to find the beginning of specific tracks.
► (search) buttons
Press to find a specific point within a track.
[7] Character/Numeric buttons
Alphabet/Numeric buttons
Use to specify tracks for immediate playback or to create programs during program play. Use also for entering disc and track titles.
WRITE/CAPS, WRITE/NUM buttons
Press to select the character mode.
WRITE/NAME button
Press to add a title.
CLEAR button
Press to erase a track title, disc title or programmed
track.
[8] PLAY MODE buttons
Press to select the playback mode (i.e., CONTINUE,
SHUFFLE, or PROGRAM).
[9] Display buttons
DISPLAY button
Press to display the track title or the remaining playing time during MD playback.
SCROLL button
Press to scroll titles longer than 12 characters. Press to pause scrolling.
Hooking Up the System
See below for an explanation of the MOS-501's analog and digital jacks. See pages 11 and 12 for system connection examples.
Rear panel jacks
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Q] LINE IN (line input) jacks (phono jack)

Connect to the REC OUT (recording output) of the amplifier used as a signal source for analog recording.
[D LINE OUT (line output) jacks (phono jack)
Connect to the TAPE (tape input) of an amplifier for analog signal output to speakers.
[3] a
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E 3 E 3
ID DIGITAL IN jack (optical jack)
Connect to the digital output jack of a digital signal source, such as an amplifier with a built-in D/A converter, CD player, DAT deck with a sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz, or another MD recorder,
m DIGITAL OUT jack (optical jack)
Connect to the digital input jack of an amplifier with a built-in D/A converter for signal output on speakers, or a
DAT deck or another MD recorder for digital recording.
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Notes on the optical digital input/output
jacks
Use the optional POC-15SP optical cable to connect digital devices with a sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz (i.e., DAT decks, amplifiers with digital inputs, DA converter units, etc.) to the optical digital input and output jacks. Recording level adjustment is not necessary when recording through
the POC-15SP optical cable from a digital source since the output level is fixed.
Connecting the optical cable
Before you begin
• Turn off the power to all the equipment to be connected before making any connections.
• Note that the red plug of the supplied audio connecting cord is for right-channel (R) connection and the white plug for left<hannel (L) connection. If another connecting cord is necessary, use the optional RK-C515HG cord.
• Insert the connecting cords fully into the jacks. A loose connection may cause hum pickup.
• Pull out the cords by grasping the plug, not the wire.
10
Remove the plug.

Digital sources with different sampling frequencies cannot be recorded through the digital input jack

Only CD, MD (premastered) and DAT sources with a
sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz can be recordt*d through the
digital input jack. "Din Unlock" appears in the display
window when you attempt to record digital scrurces with a sampling frequency different from that of the MD (such as 32- or 48- kHz DAT or BS). To record these sources to an MD
you must connect them through the analog LINE IN jacks.
Insert the cable firmly.
Hooking Up the System
Hooking up a digital-signal amplifier
CO player
-----
: Analog signal
: Digital signal (optical cable)
I: Signal flow
12
to a wall outlet
Note
If "Cannot Copy" appears in the display window, recording through the digital jack is not possible. In this case, connect the signal source through the LINE LN and OUT jacks.

Setting the Clock

By setting the clock, the time and date of all recordings will be automatically written to the MD. When you play back a recorded track, you can display the date and time of the recording in the display window. For more precise time and date stamping of recordings, we recommend that you set the clock at least once a week.
Example: Setting the clock to 9:10 AM, April 23,1994.

After setting the minutes, press the AMS dial in synchronization with a time signal.

r*1E!3C

Hold down CLOCK SET for about 2 seconds until the year starts to flash.

The clock setting proceeds in order of date, then time.
04n 23d 94^
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Turn the AMS dial to enter the year, month, day, hour, and minute.
Press the AMS dial after entering each item.
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To change the time and/or date
1 In step 2, press the AMS dial until the item to be changed
flashes. 2 Turn the AMS dial to change the value. 3 Complete the setting by pressing CLCX.'K SET or the AMS dial
until all items stop flashing.
To display the current date and time
Press CLCXIK SET on the front panel once to display the date, then again to display the time. When using the remote commander, press DATE PRESENT. The date appears, followed by the time.
Changing the display mode while the recorder is off
Press DISPLAY to choose either no display or display of the current
time.
When the power cord is unplugged for a long time
The memorized settings are lost, and "STANDBY" flashes when you plug in and turn on the recorder again. If this happens, set the clock again.

Playing an MD (Normal Play)

You can play back an MD in two ways:
• Playing from the first track
• Playing from a specific track
Playing an MD from the first track
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The disc name appears, followed by the total number of tracks (Tr) and total disc playing time. A music calendar showing all the track numbers appears within a grid if the MD is a premastered disc, or without a grid if the MD is a recordable disc. If the total track number exceeds 25, > appears to the right of number 25 in the music calendar.

Disc name

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Music calendar

I

(SONGS

O
Total number of tracks
T(^l disc playing time

Press POWER to turn on the recorder.

The STANDBY indicator changes from red to green.
With the label side up and the arrow
pointing toward the opening, slide the MD into the disc compartment until the recorder grips it.
If you insert the MD while the recorder is off, the recorder will turn on automatically. The DISC indicator lights up.
(TSt^
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3 Press or the AMS dial.

The MD starts playing.
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The current track number, track title (if labeled), and elapsed playing time of the current track light up in the display window.

Current track number

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Track title (if labeled)

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Elapsed playing time
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To pause playback

Press II or the AMS dial.
To restart playback, press ► or II or the AMS dial again.

To stop play

Press ■.

To eject the disc

Press ^ EJECT.
Locating a specific track
Locating the beginning of a track (AMS)
Enter the number of the track on the remote commander. The specified track will begin playing immediately.
Example: To play back the third track
Example: To play back the 26th track
l>25) c) [;|j [) ry~>
Example: To play back the 100th track
lilll [) IZj-
The AMS function allows you to go quickly to the beginning of a track by merely specifying its number in the display window.
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Turn the AMS dial.
Thiswayfor Thiswayfor previous tracks. ^ T succeeding tracks.
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Press
Press to go to —K» I »w previous tracks.
Hold down each button to go to successive tracks in the respective direction.
To locate the beginning of the current track
Press once.
To pause playback at the beginning of a track
Turn the AMS dial (or press or ►M ) after pausing playback.
To go quickly to the beginning of the last track
Turn the AMS dial counterclockwise (or press ) immediately after ii\serting the MD.
or
Press to go to succeeding tracks.
15

Playing an MD (Normal Play)

Locating a position within a track (Search)
Jse the search function to quickly scan a track either arward or backward during playback to locate a specific losition.
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1

To forward scan a track

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Hold down ►► during playback.

To backward scan a track

Hold down « during playback.
When you release the button, the recorder begins playing from the position located by scanning.
Displaying the title and remaining playing time of a track
Press DISPLAY during playback lo display the title and remaining playing time of the current track. "No Name" appears if a track is unlabelcd. To label a recordable disc and its tracks, see "Labeling Recordings" on page 41.
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DISPLAY
Press DISPLAY while playing back a track.
Each press of DISPLAY changes the display in the
following order remaining track playing time -»track
name —* elapsed playing lime

'o go forward or backward quickly

told down ►► or « during playback pause. The recorder
cans the disc at 160 times the normal playing speed. Since lo sound is output at this time, you must keep track of the lisc location through the information that appears in the lisplay window.
Note)
'racks that are only a few seconds in length may be too short to scan ising the search function. For such tracks, it is better to play the MD lack at normal speed.
2 02n 33s
2 -01n 25s
0
HflPPV
• The display window shows up to 12 characters at a time. To see a title of 13 characters or more, press SCROLL on the remote commander. Press SCROLL again to pause scrolling, and again to continue scrolling.
• If no title is recorded, "No Name" appears, followed by the elapsed playing time.
• Each press of DISPLAY while the recorder is stopped changes the display in the following order; For premastered discs: Total disc playing time —» disc name For recorded discs: Total recorded time —» remaining disc playing time —*■ disc name
16
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