Snap-on Microscan User Manual
User Manual
June 2010
EAZ0067L10A Rev. A
Trademarks
IMPORTANT:
Blue Point, MICROSCAN, Scanner, Snap-on, and ShopStre am Conne ct are trademar ks of Snap- on Inco rpor ated,
registered in the United States and other countries.
All other marks are trademarks or registered tr ademarks of th eir resp ective hold ers.
Copyright Information
©2010 Snap-on Incorporated. All rights rese rved.
Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liabilities
The information, specifications and illustrations in this manual are based on the latest information available at the
time of printing. While the authors have taken due care in the p rep ara tion of this manua l, nothing con t ained he rein:
• Modifies or alters in any way the standard terms and cond itions of the purchase, lea se, or rent al agre ement
under the terms of which the equipment to which this m anual relate s was acquired.
• Increases in any way the liability to the customer or to third parties.
Snap-on reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice.
Before operating or maintaining this u nit, please read this ma nual carefully paying extra attention to the safety
warnings and precautions.
Visit our websites at:
www.diagnostics.snapon.com/microscan (North America)
snapondiag.com (United Kingdom)
sun-diagnostics.com (United Kingdom)
For Technical Assistance Call
1-800-424-7226 (North America)
CALL +44 (0) 845 601 4736 (United Kingdom)
E-mail DiagnosticsUKproductsupport@snapon.com (United King dom)
For technical assistance in all other markets, cont act your selling agent.
ii
Safety Information
!
DANGER
!
WARNING
!
CAUTION
For your own safety and the safety of others, and to prevent damage to the equipment an d
vehicles upon which it is used, it is important that these Safety Messages be read and understood
by all persons operating, or coming into contact with, the equip ment.
This product is intended for use by properly trained and ski lled pro fessional automo tive
technicians. The safety messages presented throughout this manual are reminders to the
operator to exercise extreme care when using this test instrument.
There are many variations in procedures, techniques, tools, and p art s for servicing vehicles, as
well as in the skill of the individual doing the work. Because of the vast number of test applications
and variations in the products that can be tested with this instrument, we cannot possibly
anticipate or provide advice or safety messages to cover every situation. It is the automotive
technician’s responsibility to be knowledgeable of the system being tested. It is essential to use
proper service methods and test procedures. It is import ant to perform tests in an appropriate and
acceptable manner that does not endanger your sa fety, the safety of others in the work area, the
equipment being used, or the vehicle being tested.
It is assumed that the operator has a thorough underst anding of vehicle systems before using this
product. Understanding of these system principl es and oper ating theor ies is nece ssary for
competent, safe and accurate use of this instrument.
Before using the equipment, always refer to and follow the safety messages and app licable te st
procedures provided by the manufacturer of the vehicle or equipment being tested. Use the
equipment only as described in this manual.
Read, understand and follow all safety messag es and instructio ns in this manual, the
accompanying safety manual, and on the test equi pment.
Safety Message Conventions
Safety messages are provided to help prevent personal injury and equipm ent damage. All safety
messages are introduced by a signal word indicating the haza rd level.
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious
injury to the operator or to bystanders.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if n ot avoided, could result in death o r serious
injury to the operator or to bystanders.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not a voided, may r esult in modera te or mino r
injury to the operator or to bystanders.
iii
Safety Information Important Safety Instructio ns
!
WARNING
Safety messages contain three different type styles.
• Normal type states the hazard.
• Bold type states how to avoid the hazard.
• Italic type states the possible consequences of not avoid ing th e hazard.
An icon, when present, gives a graphical description of the potential hazard.
Example:
Risk of unexpected vehicle movement.
• Block drive wheels before performing a test with engine running.
A moving vehicle can cause injury.
Important Safety Instructions
For a complete list of safety mess ages, refer to the accomp anying safety manual.
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS
iv
Contents
Safety Information..................................................................................................................... iii
Contents...................................................................................................................................... v
Chapter 1: Using This Manual................................................................................................... 1
Conventions.................................................................................................................................. 1
Bold Text................................................................................................................................ 1
Terminology ........................................................................................................................... 1
Notes and Important Messages............................................................................................. 1
Procedures............................................................................................................................. 2
Additional Manuals........... ... .... ... ....................................... ... ... ... ... .... ... ........................................ 2
Chapter 2: Introduction.............................................................................................................. 3
Functional Description...................................... .... ... ... ... .... ... ...................................... .... ... ........... 3
Technical Specifications............................................................................................................... 5
Control Buttons............................................................................................................................. 6
Y (Accept) Button................................................................................................................... 6
N (Back) Button...................................................................................................................... 6
Power Button ......................................................................................................................... 6
Up Button............................................................................................................................... 6
Down Button .......................................................................................................................... 6
Connections.................................................................................................................................. 7
USB Port....................... .... ... ... ... ....................................... ... ... .... ... ... ... .................................. 7
Data Cable Connector ........................................................................................................... 7
Power Supply ............................................................................................................................... 7
Vehicle Power........................................................................................................................ 7
USB Power ... ... .... ... ... ....................................... ... ... .... ... ... ... ....................................... ... ........ 7
Battery Power ........................................................................................................................ 7
Data Cable.................................................................................................................................... 7
Chapter 3: Getting Started......................................................................................................... 8
Supplying Power.................. .... ...................................... .... ... ... ... ... ............................................... 8
Installing the Battery..................................................................................................................... 8
Connecting to Vehicle Power ....................................................................................................... 9
Powering On the Unit ................................................................................................................... 9
Selecting a Language................................................................................................................... 9
Chapter 4: On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) ............................................................................... 10
Global OBD and What it Means ................................................................................................. 10
OBD-II Start-up Phase......................................................................................................... 10
EOBD Start-up Phase.......................................................................................................... 11
OBD-II/EOBD Limitations ..................................... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ....................................... ... ...... 11
OBD-II/EOBD Advantages ............ ....................................... ... ... ... .... ... ... ................................... 11
Communication Protocols........................................................................................................... 11
What is CAN? ...................................................................................................................... 12
v
Contents
Diagnostic Services Introduction...... ... .... ... ... ... .... ...................................... .... ... ... ... ... .... ............12
Readiness Monitor Test Status............................................................................................ 12
MIL Status............................................................................................................................ 14
Diagnostic Service Definitions.............................. ... ....................................... ... ... ... ... .... ... ......... 15
Service $01: Display Current Data....................................................................................... 15
Service $02: Powertrain Freeze Frame Data....................................................................... 15
Service $03: Emission-related DTCs................................................................................... 16
Service $04: Clear/Reset Emission-related Diagnostic Data............................................... 17
Service $05: Oxygen Sensor Monitoring Test Results......................................................... 18
Service $06: Specific Monitored Systems Test Results....................................................... 22
Service $07: Emission-related DTCs detected during Current or
Last Completed Drive Cycle (Pending Codes)..................................................................... 23
Service $08: On-board Activation Tests............................................................................... 24
Service $09: Vehicle Information ...................... ... ... .... ... ... ....................................... ... ... ... ... 24
Service $09: In-use Performance Tracking.......................................................................... 24
Chapter 5: Navigation .............................................................................................................. 26
Screen Layout ............................................................................................................................ 26
Trouble Code Screens................................................................................................................ 26
Menu Screens ......................... ... ... ... ... ....................................... ... .... ... ... ... .... ............................ 27
Main Menu ........................................................................................................................... 28
Global OBD-2/EOBD Menu............................ ... ... ... ....................................... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... 28
Exit Menu............................................................................................................................. 29
Data Screens.............................................................................................................................. 30
Text View ............................................................................................................................. 30
Graph View ..........................................................................................................................31
Screen Messages....................................................................................................................... 33
Loading and Connecting Messages..................................................................................... 33
Confirmation Messages ....................................................................................................... 33
Warning Messages .............................................................................................................. 33
Error Messages.................................................................................................................... 33
Chapter 6: Operations.............................................................................................................. 34
Global OBD-2/EOBD.................................. ... ....................................... ... ... .... ... ... ... ................... 34
Readiness Status................................................................................................................. 34
Current Data . ... .... ... ... ... ....................................... ... .... ... ... ... ... ....................................... ...... 35
Freeze Frame Data........... ... ....................................... ... ... ... ... .... ... ...................................... 35
Confirmed Codes.................................................................................................................36
Clear Codes......................................................................................................................... 36
O2 Monitors ......................................................................................................................... 37
Non-Cont. Monitors..............................................................................................................37
Pending Codes .................................................................................................................... 38
Request Control of On-board System............ ... ... ... .... ... ... ...... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... 38
Vehicle Information ..............................................................................................................38
Movie.......................................................................................................................................... 39
Settings....................................................................................................................................... 39
Global OBD-2/EOBD Help................ ... .... ... ....................................... ... ... ... .... ... ... ......................40
Select Protocol ........................................................................................................................... 40
vi
Contents
Chapter 7: Data Parameters .................................................................................................... 42
Long Parameter Names .......................... ... ... ... .... ...................................... .... ... ... ... ... .... ............ 42
Short Parameter Names ...................................................................................................... 46
DTC Association .................................................................................................................. 50
Chapter 8: Maintenance........................................................................................................... 54
Cleaning and Damage Inspection .............................................................................................. 54
Replacing the Battery....... ... .... ... ....................................... ... ... ... ... .... ... ...................................... 54
Storage Tips........... .... ... ... ....................................... ... ... .... ... ... ... ................................................ 55
Appendix A: Troubleshooting................................................................................................. 56
Communication Problems ..........................................................................................................56
Erratic or No Communication............................................................................................... 56
Testing the Data Link Connector ......................................................................................... 56
Check the Malfunction Indicator Lamp................................................................................. 58
Appendix B: Downloading and Installing Software Updates ............................................... 59
Check for Service Updates Before Use...................................................................................... 59
Verifying Minimum PC Requirements......................................................................................... 59
Verifying PC System Properties........................................................................................... 60
Downloading and Installing ShopStream Connect..................................................................... 60
Downloading Service Updates ................................................................................................... 62
Before You Begin................................................................................................................. 63
Installing a Service Update .................................................................................................. 63
Appendix C: Software License Agreement............................................................................ 66
Appendix D: Product Warranty............... ... ... .... ... ... ... ....... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... 69
Index.......................................................................................................................................... 70
vii
Chapter 1 Using This Manual
This manual contains tool usage instructions.
Some of the illustrations shown in this manual may contain modules and optional equipment that
are not included on your system. Contact your sales representative for availability of other
modules and optional equipment.
1.1 Conventions
The following conventions are used.
1.1.1 Bold Text
Bold is used in procedures to highlight selectable items such as bu ttons and menu o ptions.
Example:
• Press the Y button.
1.1.2 Terminology
The term “select” means highlighting a button or menu item u sing the arrow buttons an d pressing
the Y button to confirm the selection.
Example:
• Select Clear Codes.
The above statement abbreviates the following procedu re:
1. Scroll with the arrow buttons to highlight Clear Codes on the menu.
2. Press the Y button.
1.1.3 Notes and Important Messages
The following messages are used.
Notes
A NOTE provides helpful information such as additional explanations, tips, and comment s.
Example:
1
Using This Manual Additional Manuals
NOTE:
IMPORTANT:
i For additional information refer to...
Important
IMPORTANT indicates a situation which, if not avoided, may result in damage to the test
equipment or vehicle.
Example:
The Test ID Table below is for CAN Protocol only.
1.1.4 Procedures
An arrow icon indicates a procedure.
Example:
z To change screen views:
1. Scroll to highlight Settings on the main menu and press Y to select.
A sub-menu of language options displays.
2. Highlight the desired language and press Y to select.
1.2 Additional Manuals
This tool works in conjunction with other software products. All of the required manuals are
included on the Diagnostics website. See the appropriate manu al for information regarding these
products.
2
Chapter 2 Introduction
Y our new MICROSCAN™ scan tool provides European On-board Diagnostic (EOBD) trouble
codes and datastream information for electronic vehicle control systems. Your MICROSCAN
can also graph live data parameters, recor d data, clear diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) from
the electronic control module (ECM), and reset the vehicle malfunction indicator lamp (MIL).
Contact your sales representative for availability of accessories and upgrades.
Figure 2-1
2.1 Functional Description
This section illustrates external features, ports and connectors of the OBD unit.
MICROSCAN
3
IntroductionFunctional Description
1234
5
6
7
1
2
1— Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Screen
2— Power Light emitting Diode (LED)
3— Down or Right Button
4— Up or Left Button
5— Y (Yes) Button
6— N (No) Button
7— Power Button
Figure 2-2
Front view
1
1— Battery Cover
1— USB Port
2— Data Cable Connector
Figure 2-3
Figure 2-4
Back view
T op view
4
IntroductionTechnical Specifications
2.2 T echnical S pecifications
Display:
Liquid Crystal display (LCD) backlight monochrome screen
2.83 inch (72 mm) diagonal
Battery:
9-volt
Dimensions:
Width:
5.53 inch
140.4 mm
Height:
2.68 inch
68 mm
Depth:
1.57 inch
40 mm
Weight:
Without battery:
6.4 ounce
199 g
Operating Temperature Range:
14 to 140°F
–10 to 40°C
Storage Temperature Range:
–4 to 149°F
–20 to 65°C
Data Buffer:
64 data frames (values per parameter)
Communication Protocols:
Your MICROSCAN supports the following OBD-II/EOBD communications protocols:
• SAE J1850 (VPW and PWM)
• ISO 9141-2
• ISO 14230-2 (KWP 2000)
• ISO 15765-4 (CAN)
5
IntroductionControl Buttons
2.3 Control Buttons
The MICROSCAN has the following control buttons; N (back), Y (accept), b (Up), d (Down),
and Power (Figure 2-2).
2.3.1 Y (Accept) Button
The Y button is used to do the following:
• To select the item that you highlighted using the direction buttons.
• To answer “Yes” when a Yes or No choice is given.
2.3.2 N (Back) Button
The N button is used to do the following:
• To open the Exit Menu
• To exit a menu or program.
• To close an open list and return to the previous menu.
• To answer “No” when a Yes or No choice is given.
• To return to the main menu.
2.3.3 Power Button
The Power button powers up the tool, and turns it off.
2.3.4 Up Button
The Up button is used to do the followin g:
• Move the highlight or cursor up when the screen arr ows are vertically aligned.
• Move the highlight or cursor right when the screen arrows ar e horizontally aligned.
2.3.5 Down Button
The Down button is used to do the following:
• Move the highlight or cursor down when the screen arrows are ver tically aligned.
• Move the highlight or cursor left when the screen ar rows are h orizo nt ally aligne d.
6
IntroductionConnections
2.4 Connections
The MICROSCAN scan tool uses two connections; a USB port and a data cab le port
(Figure 2-4 on page 4):
2.4.1 USB Port
The USB port is for connecting to a personal computer (PC) and is used for up dating the
internal software, and for transferring saved files. The scan tool also re ceives power through
the USB port when it is connected to a PC.
2.4.2 Data Cable Connector
The data cable connector is used to connect the MICROSCAN scan tool to a vehicle data link
connector (DLC) for testing.
2.5 Power Supply
The MICROSCAN scan tool can receive power from th e test vehicle or through the USB port
when connected to a personal computer.
2.5.1 V ehicle Power
Vehicle power is required for the scan to ol to proper ly communica te with th e vehicle during
testing. The Data Cable provides power to th e unit throu gh the vehicle dat a link conn ector
(DLC). The scan tool turns on automatically and checks for stored codes whenever it is
connected to a DLC that provides power.
2.5.2 USB Power
The MICROSCAN scan tool can be powered by a personal computer (PC) when connected
to the PC with a standard USB cable.
2.5.3 Battery Power
The MICROSCAN scan tool can receive power from the internal 9V battery. Use battery
power to review saved files only.
2.6 Data Cable
A Data Cable is included with your MICROSCAN scan tool. The data cable plugs directly into
the 16-pin data link connector (DLC) on OBD-II vehicles.
7
Chapter 3 Getting Started
To get started using your new MICROSCAN™ supply power to the tool.
3.1 Supplying Power
There are three ways to supply power to this scan tool:
• Install the battery
• Connect to vehicle power
• Connect to a personal computer (PC) with a USB cable
3.2 Installing the Battery
The MICROSCAN scan tool comes with a 9V battery that inst alls into a compartment on the
back side of the unit. When replacing the battery , use a heavy-duty typ e battery from a reliable
manufacturer . Ligh t-duty in expensive batter ies may not pr ovide suf ficient po wer to opera te
the scan tool, and may leak and damage your MICROSCAN.
z To install the battery:
1. Slide the battery cover on the back of the MICROSCAN unit down to release the lock tabs.
2. Pivot the cover up slightly and lift it off of the unit (Figure 3-1).
Figure 3-1
3. Connect a new 9-volt battery to the connector and fit the battery into th e comp artmen t.
4. Fit the center tab on the battery cover into the slot on the tool housing, pivot the cover
down, and slide it into position so that it locks into place on the housing.
Note the following safety warnings when installing batteries.
Battery cover removal
8
Getting Started Connecting to Vehicle Power
!
WARNING
Risk of personal injury or harm.
• Always make sure the battery polarities (“+” and “–”) are correct when installing.
• Do not expose batteries to excessive heat.
• Use batteries from a reputable manufacturer only.
• Do not try to recharge batteries that are not specifically designed to be recharged.
• Do not allow children to install batteries unsupervised.
• Follow the battery manufacturer's instructions as to proper handling, storage, and
disposal of batteries.
Improper use of batteries can result in personal harm.
3.3 Connecting to V ehicle Power
The Data Cable, included with your MICROSCAN unit, plugs directly into the data link
connector (DLC) on OBD-II/EOBD vehicles.
z To connect to vehicle power:
1. Attach the 15-pin connector of the Data Cable to the MICROSCAN unit. Tighten the
captive screws to ensure a good connection.
2. Connect the 16-pin connector of the Data Cable to the DLC of the test vehicle.
3. Switch the vehicle ignition on.
4. The MICROSCAN unit automatically powers on and checks for diagnostic trouble codes
(DTCs) stored in the electronic control module (ECM) of the vehicle.
3.4 Powering On the Unit
When vehicle power is not available, you can manually power on your MICROSCAN unit
using the internal 9-volt battery. To manually power the tool, Press the Power button on the
front of the unit. Press the Power button on the front of the unit.
3.5 Selecting a Language
English is the default language selection in the scan tool software. Howe ver , you can ch ange
the language setting if desired.
z To change the language setting:
1. Select Settings from the main menu.
2. Select Languages from the settings menu.
3. Scroll to highlight the desired language and press Y.
4. Press N to exit.
The language remains as selected after powering down.
9
Chapter 4 On-Board Diagnostics (OBD)
Y our new MICROSCAN conforms to Global OBD (OBD-II in North America and EOBD in Europe)
standards, and is designed for testing compliant vehicles. This chapter describes Global OBD.
4.1 Global OBD and What it Means
Many countries have enacted strict emission related regulations that will drive increased
technology into the modern automobile in order to reduce the exhaust emissions. Eur opean and
North American countries lead the way by adopting technology that st and ardizes the way these
vehicles can be checked for compliance.
The OBD-I (On-Board Diagnostics I) system was introduced in the ear ly 1980s an d by 1988 all
new cars and light trucks sold in California had to have OBD-I. The fund ament al e lement s of the
OBD-I are the electrical components (which influe nce exhaust emissions) that are mo nitored by
the engine management system. An optical warning signal is given in the event of an OBD-I
relevant failure. This fault can be read out by way of a flashing code.
OBD-II has been compulsory on all vehicles in the US market since January 1 996. EOBD
(European On-Board Diagnostics) is the European e quivalent to OBD-II. It was introduced in 2000
and became effective in January 2001. There a re a few differences between EOBD and OBD-II
but none that will affect scan tool operation. All the communication protocols for both programs are
identical. Vehicle emission strategies an d certification procedures vary betwe en countries, states
and regions. Always use service information specific to the country and emission certification.
EURO-3, also known as EOBD, is a continuation of the emission regulations known as EURO-1
and EURO-2. In addition to introducing stricter emission limits, the directive now also covers the
monitoring of emission related components and fun ctions during opera tion.
The OBD-II and EOBD system must show the failure of an emission related component or system
to the driver using a MIL (Malfunction Indicator).
What does OBD-II and EOBD mean for the Rep air Shop?
A universal connector can now be used on any OBD-II 1996 and newer an d EOBD 2001 and
newer vehicle, giving the shop more diagnostic cove rage th at was not pr eviously possib le.
4.1.1 OBD-II St art-up Phase
About 40% of the vehicles of model year 1995 sold in the USA were OBD-II prepared. Beginning
in 1996, all vehicles sold in the USA were supposed to comply with OBD-II standards.
However, some 1996 and 1 997 ve hicles were not fu lly OBD-II complian t. This mea ns that so me
early OBD-II vehicles may:
• Not have the standardized diagnostic connector location o r
• Have missing or only partially implemented OBD-II monitors.
10
On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) OBD-II/EOBD Limitations
4.1.2 EOBD St art-up Phase
The European vehicle manufacturers also needed time to phase in and develop EOBD tests and
software in their electronic control modules (ECMs). Some of th e manufacturer s alre ady had
experience with the USA OBD-II. Others may still have to improve their most recent software
versions. This means that EOBD is experiencing similar phase in problems as OBD-II, with some
2001 and 2002 vehicles having limited EOBD functionality.
4.2 OBD-II/EOBD Limitations
Generic OBD-II/EOBD data is currently limited to:
• Emission diagnostics or
• Problems related to the Malfunction Indicator.
Access to all available data in the ECM (other systems, other parameters, enhanced diagnostics)
will still require a scan tool with manufacturer specific capabilities.
4.3 OBD-II/EOBD Advantages
The advantage of OBD-II and EOBD is the simple “Plug and Play” function:
• Unlike using a manufacturer specific scan tool or vehicle communication sof tware , one does
not have to select the vehicle make, year or model.
• The communication protocol can be automatically dete cted by the scan tool software.
• Depending on the ECM and amount of parameters selected, dat a update rates may vary. By
using functions as Custom Data List and Manual Select PID in Service $01, sometimes data
update rates may be higher than with manu factu rer specific so f tware. This can be help ful in
finding intermittent signal gulches.
Data and monitors that are not described in the OBD/EOBD st anda rds are filtered out, altho ugh
they are selectable.
4.4 Communication Protocols
A communication protocol is a standardized way of dat a commun ication b etween an ECM a nd a
scan tool.
For vehicles that comply with OBD-II and EOBD, the following communi catio n protocol s are
permitted:
• ISO 9141-2 (K-LINE)
• SAE J1850 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) and VPW (Variable Pulse Width)
• ISO 14230-2 (Keyword Protocol 2000)
• ISO 15765-4 (CAN)
The scan tool can be setup so it will automatically determine the communication protocol used in
the vehicle under test.
11
On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) Diagnostic Services Introduction
4.4.1 What is CAN?
CAN stands for Controller Area Network and means tha t control units are part of a network and
can interchange data. Although some car manufacturer s have used CAN for some year s for
communication between electronic control modules (E CMs), it was not d irectly conn ected to the
diagnostic connector . In approximately 2001/2002 for Europe and 2003 for No rth America, the first
car manufacturers started to connect the CAN communication lines to the dia gnostic connecto r.
CAN will be the only required protocol in near future for OBD.
4.5 Diagnostic Services Introduction
The OBD program is divided into several sub programs, called ‘Service $xx’. This complies to the
EOBD/OBD-II standards:
Table 4-1
1. Manual selection of Test IDs is not supported.
Diagnostic services
Service Description
System readiness test status display
$01
$02 Request powertrain freeze frame data
$03
$04 Clear/reset emission-related diagnostic data
$05 Oxygen sensor monitoring test results
$06
$07
$08 Onboard system activation tests
$09 Request vehicle information
$09 In-use Performance Tracking
MIL (malfunction indicator) Status & Control
Request current powertrain diagnostic data
Request emission-related DTCs (Diagnostic Trouble
Codes)
Request on-board monitoring test results for specific
monitored systems
Request Pending Codes (emission related
diagnostic trouble codes) detected during current or
last completed driving cycle
1
4.5.1 Readiness Monitor Test Status
OBD-II/EOBD stipulates the monitoring (continuous or non-continuous) of the functions of the
following emission control related subsystems):
Table 4-2 Continuous or Non-continuous monitors
Readiness Monitor Remark
Misfire monitoring Continuous
Fuel system monitoring Continuous
Comprehensive component monitoring Continuous
† Will only be monitored if the correct conditions are met.
12
On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) Diagnostic Services Introduction
NOTE:
Table 4-2 Continuous or Non-continuous monitors
Readiness Monitor Remark
Catalyst monitoring †
Heated catalyst monitoring †
Evaporative system monitoring †
Secondary air system monitoring †
A/C system refrigerant monitoring †
Oxygen sensor monitoring †
Oxygen sensor heater monitoring †
EGR system monitoring †
† Will only be monitored if the correct conditions are met.
i Not all data is applicable or supported by all vehicles.
Each vehicle manufacturer has unique m onitor te st criteria. The Readine ss Test Status indicates
whether a particular diagnostic monitor or function pa ssed it s sp ecific test criteria an d was found
to be within specification.
Usually the monitors should run and set the Readiness Test Status during normal vehicle
operation. The OBD-II Drive Cycle (see Figure 4-1: ‘Typical OBD-II Drive Cycle’) can be used to
drive the vehicle in a prescribed manner.
HO2 Heater, Misfire,
AIR, Fuel Trim, and
Purge Monitors
Idle 2.5 Minutes
in Drive, A/C &
Rear Defrost ON
Cold Start
ECT < 50C
Misfire, Fuel Trim, and
Purge Monitors
Accelerate at 50%
Throttle to 55 mph/
89 kph A/C OFF
Misfire, EGR, AIR, Fuel Trim,
HO2, and Purge Monitors
3 Minutes
Steady State Cruise
55 mph/89 kph
Figure 4-1
EGR, Fuel Trim, and
Purge Monitors
Decelerate to
20 mph/32 kph
with the Clutch
Engaged and
No Brakes
Total Time 12 Minutes
Misfire, Fuel Trim, and
Purge Monitors
Accelerate at
75% Throttle to
55 to 60 mph/
89 to 97 kph
Typi cal OB D- II Dr ive Cycl e
Catalyst, Misfire, EGR, Fuel
Trim, HO2, and Purge Monitors
5 Minutes
Steady State Cruise
55 to 60 mph/
89 to 97 kph
EGR, and Purge Monitors
Decelerate to
End of Cycle
Without Brakes
As this is a generic drive cycle, it may have limited results o n some vehicles. If available, use the
drive cycle information as supplied by the vehicle manufacturer.
System malfunctions that occur later and record a DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code) will not change
the Readiness T est S t atus. When the failure is repaired and the DTC is era sed, all Readiness T est
Status will be reset to a ‘Not Completed’ st atus.
13
On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) Diagnostic Services Introduction
NOTE:
NOTE:
Repair validation
Use the following procedure to validate a repair.
z To validate the repair:
1. Perform a drive cycle (generic or vehicle specific).
2. Check Service $07 (refer to 4.6.7: ‘Service $07: Emission-related DTCs detected during
Current or Last Completed Drive Cycle (Pending Codes)’ on page 23) and Service $03 (refer
to 4.6.3: ‘Service $03: Emission-related DTCs’ on page 16).
If no DTCs are reported (that relate to the initial failure), it can be assumed that the fault has been
repaired correctly.
4.5.2 MIL St atus
Emission related malfunctions set failure specific DTC(s). The MIL (Malfunction Indicator Lamp)
may light up as soon as the first emission related DTC has been stor ed and confirme d (stored a
second time). Depending on the type of malfunction, it may take multiple drive cycles before the
MIL turns on.
The MIL is located in the instrument p anel. The MIL may display a symbol of an engine and sho uld
light up as soon as the ignition is switched on . Three different st ates are possible when the engine
is running:
1. OFF: no emission limits exceeded.
2. ON: at least one OBD-II/EOBD emission limit exceeded.
3. Blinking: possibility of damage to the catalytic converter.
Figure 4-2
Example of Malfunction Indicator Lamp
i The MIL may also be called the “Check Engine” lamp.
The ECM transmits the status of the Malfunction Indicator in cluding the id entification of th e ECM
that commanded the MIL to turn on.
i The MIL status indicates “off” during the ignition key on, engine off instrum ent p anel bu lb check
unless the MIL has been commanded “on” for a detected malfunction.
14
On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) Diagnostic Service Definitions
NOTE:
NOTE:
4.6 Diagnostic Service Definitions
4.6.1 Service $01: Display Current Data
The ECMs transmit the data value stored by the system. The data is commonly called PID
(Parameter IDentification). All of the sensors parameters show the actual readings. Not default or
substitute values used by the system, because of a fault with that sensor.
Depending on the ECM and amount of parameter s selected, dat a update r ates may vary. Use
Custom Data List to select the parameters to be displayed in Service $01. The fewer data
parameters were selected, the faster the update r ate.
Only OBD/EOBD defined parameters appear in th e Current Dat a Li st. To view not supported
parameters, select Manual Select PID (the last item of the Current Data List).
4.6.2 Service $02: Powertrain Freeze Frame Data
Engine conditions are stored by the ECM at the time a Monitor detects an emission-related fault.
A “Freeze Frame” is such a group of captured information.
Using Freeze Frame for Diagnostic Purposes
Freeze Frame is useful for determining the exact conditions the vehicle was oper ating under when
the DTC was set.
i Freeze Frame is captured and stored when the DTC is set, not when the problem began.
For example, misfire is evaluated every 1000 rpm. A misfire DTC may be stored 60 to 90 seconds
after the misfire initially occurred, at substantially different speed and load co nditio ns.
The Technician can duplicate these conditions to verify the complaint or the repair . In some cases
the on-board tests for a specific DTC may report no problem found. But when the conditions match
the Freeze Frame conditions, that same DTC would set with the MIL on.
i Freeze Frame data is erased whenever codes are cleared.
Does a stored DTC change?
It can be overwritten by higher priority Emission DTCs. Misfire and Fuel System DTCs have the
highest priority. A lower rated DTC may be overwritten by a higher priority DTC.
Only data parameters supporte d by the ECM are included in th e Free ze Frame dat a list.
15
On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) Diagnostic Service Definitions
4.6.3 Service $03: Emission-related DTCs
The purpose of this service is to enable the scan tool to obtain stored DTCs from the power train
ECMs that are emission-related.
The OBD-I ECM primarily identifies a faulty signal or a faulty sensor using three steps:
• Signal or component shorted to ground
• Signal or component shorted to battery positive
• No signal or component (open circuit)
For each of these tests, a specific trouble code is set.
With OBD-II/EOBD, expanded diagnostics now includes “rationality” testing. One input signal is
compared against other input signals to de termin e if the read ing is reasona ble, give n the curre nt
operating conditions.
Table 4-3
Diagnostic Trouble Code description
Position Description
P = Power train
1
2
3
4 & 5 Serial numbering of individual components or systems
C = Chassis
B = Body
U = Network
0 = Standardized emission-related trouble code
1 = Manufacturer-specific trouble code
2 = Standardized or Manufacturer-specific trouble code
3 = Standardized or Manufacturer-specific trouble code
0 = Overall system
1 = Secondary air system/Mixture preparation
2 = Fuel system
3 = Ignition system/Misfires
4 = Additional exhaust gas monitoring
5 = Cruise control/Idle speed control
6 = Input/Output signals, Control units
7 = Gearbox/Transmission
8 = Transmission
9 = Transmission
A = Hybrid Propulsion
B = Reserved
16
On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) Diagnostic Service Definitions
NOTE:
P0237
Position 4 & 5
Position 3
Position 2
Position 1
Figure 4-3 Example: DTC “P0237”
In this example, definitions listed for Position 3 are only valid for DTCs starting with “P”. For other
codes (C, B, U) there are other definitions. Please refer to ruling OBD standards for more
information.
Code Ranking
OBD-II/EOBD Codes have a priority according to their emission severity , with higher priority codes
overwriting lower priority codes. The priority of the code determines the illumination of the MIL and
the code erase procedure.
Vehicle manufa cturers have implem ented the r anking differently.
4.6.4 Service $04: Clear/Reset Emission-related Diagnostic Data
i It is recommended to perform the Clear Code/Reset function with the engine off and th e ignition
switched on.
The purpose of this service is to clear codes and turn off the MIL. It is recommended to pr int the
DTCs before erasing them, for comparison af ter rep a irs are made.
Clearing the code memory erases all diagnostic information st ated in “Reset Information” below:
Table 4-4 Reset Information (sheet 1 of 2)
Service Items to reset
Status of system monitoring tests
Number of diagnostic trouble codes
Distance travelled while MIL is activated
$01
$02
Number of warm-ups since DTCs cleared
Distance travelled since DTCs cleared
Time run by the engine while MIL is activated
Time since diagnostic trouble codes cleared
Diagnostic trouble code for freeze frame data
Freeze frame data
17
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