Siemens C509-L User Guide

C509-L

8-Bit CMOS Microcontroller

User's Manual 10.97

http://www.siemens.de/

Semiconductor/

C509-L Data Sheet Revision History : 10.97

Previous Releases : 06.96 (Original Version) Page (new

version) 1-6

1-11 3-1 3-12

4-12 6-6 6-28 6-78 6-85 6-88 6-93 7-13 7-16 11-1 11-3, 11-4 11-1, 11-5, 11-7 11-7 to11-9

Chapter 12

Page (prev. version)

1-6 1-11 3-1 3-12

4-12 6-6 6-28 6-78 6-85 6-88 6-93 7-13 7-16 11-1 11-3 11-1, 11-5, 11-7 11-6 to11-8

Chapter 12

Subjects (changes since last revision)

Duty cycle for XTAL2 corrected RESET : correction in text “for the duration of two machine cycles“ Correction in text : XRAM is internal 1st paragraph: sentence “Bit Swap is ...” added; Table 3-2: Text in right column corrected Figure 3-7; corrected and improved Last paragraph og 4.4.2 : last sentence deleted Correction in figure 6-4 and text : “Delay = 1 state“ Correction in text 2nd paragraph : “consists of three ...“ Abbreviations below table 6-10 added Name of bit T1P2 corrected to T2P0 Formula for mode 1,3 baud rate corrected; last sentence added Formula for mode A,B baud rate corrected Several references in the text corrected from IRCON to IRCON0 Description of ICR and ICS added

modified

IL2

Improved and extended ICC specification

min. changed from 5V - 15% to 5V - 5%

AC characteristics : 16 MHz clock oscillator duty cycle (DC) for external clock changed to 0.45 to 0.55 Improved index; bold page numbers for main definition reference

Edition 10.97 Published by Siemens AG,

Bereich Halbleiter, MarketingKommunikation, Balanstraße 73, 81541 München

Attention please!

As far as patents or other rights of third parties are concerned, liability is only assumed for components, not for applications, processes and circuits implemented within components or assemblies.

The information describes the type of component and shall not be considered as assured characteristics. Terms of delivery and rights to change design reserved. For questions on technology, delivery and prices please contact the Semiconductor Group Offices in Germany or

the Siemens Companies and Representatives worldwide (see address list). Due to technical requirements components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in

question please contact your nearest Siemens Office, Semiconductor Group. Siemens AG is an approved CECC manufacturer.

Packing

Please use the recycling operators known to you. We can also help you – get in touch with your nearest sales office. By agreement we will take packing material back, if it is sorted. You must bear the costs of transport.

For packing material that is returned to us unsorted or which we are not obliged to accept, we shall haveto invoice you for any costs incurred.

Components used in life-support devices or systems must be expressly authorized for such purpose!

Critical components systems

1 A critical component is a component used in a life-support device or system whose failure can reasonably be

2 Life support devices or systems are intended (a) to be implanted in the human body, or (b) to support and/or

with the express written approval of the Semiconductor Group of Siemens AG.

expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness of that device or system.

maintain and sustain human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user may be endangered.

of the Semiconductor Group of Siemens AG, may only be used in life-support devices or

General Information

C509-L

Table of Contents Page

1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1.1 Pin Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

1.2 Pin Definitions and Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

2 Fundamental Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

2.1 CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

2.2 CPU Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

3 Memory Organization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3.1 Program Memory, “Code Space” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

3.2 Data Memory, “Data Space”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

3.3 General Purpose Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

3.4 Program and Data Memory Organization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

3.4.1 Interface of External FLASH/ROM/EPROM and External SRAM Memory. . . . . . . . 3-4

3.4.2 Normal Mode Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

3.4.3 XRAM Mode Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

3.4.4 Bootstrap Mode Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

3.4.5 Programming Mode Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

3.4.6 Special Function Register SYSCON1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

3.4.7 Operating Mode (Chipmode) Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

3.4.7.1 Special Software Unlock Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

3.4.7.2 Control Signals of the Chipmodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

3.4.7.3 Switching of the SWAP-Bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

3.4.8 Watchdog Timer - Behaviour in the Different Operating Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

3.5 Special Function Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17

4 External Bus Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4.1 Accessing External Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4.1.1 Role of P0 and P2 as Data/Address Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4.1.2 Timing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

4.1.3 External Program Memory Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

4.1.4 PSEN

4.1.5 Overlapping External Data and Program Memory Spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

4.1.6 ALE, Address Latch Enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

4.2 Enhanced Hooks Emulation Concept. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

4.3 Eight Datapointers for Faster External Bus Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

4.3.1 The Importance of Additional Datapointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

4.3.2 How the Eight Datapointers of the C509-L are Realized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

4.3.3 Advantages of Multiple Datapointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

4.3.4 Application Example and Performance Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

4.4 XRAM Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

4.4.1 XRAM Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

4.4.2 Accesses to XRAM using the DPTR (16-bit Addressing Mode). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12

4.4.3 Accesses to XRAM using the Registers R0/R1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12

4.4.4 Reset Operation of the XRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16

4.4.5 Behaviour of Port0 and Port2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16

, Program Store Enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Semiconductor Group 1-1 1997-10-01

General Information

C509-L

Table of Contents Page

5 Reset and System Clock Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

5.1 Reset Function and Circuitries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

5.2 Hardware Reset Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

5.3 Fast Internal Reset after Power-On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

5.4 Reset Output Pin (RO

5.5 Oscillator and Clock Circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

5.6 System Clock Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

6 On-Chip Peripheral Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.1 Parallel I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.1.1 Port Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.1.1.1 Port Structure Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

6.1.1.2 Quasi-Bidirectional Port Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

6.1.1.2.1 Basic Port Circuitry of Port 1 to 6 and 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

6.1.1.2.2 Port 0 Circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

6.1.1.2.3 Port 0 and Port 2 used as Address/Data Bus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

6.1.1.3 Bidirectional (CMOS) Port Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10

6.1.1.3.1 Input Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10

6.1.1.3.2 Output Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11

6.1.1.3.3 Hardware Power Down Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13

6.1.2 Alternate Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14

6.1.3 Port Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16

6.1.3.1 Port Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16

6.1.3.2 Port Loading and Interfacing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17

6.1.3.3 Read-Modify-Write Feature of Ports 1 to 6 and 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17

6.2 Timer/Counter 0 and 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19

6.2.1 Timer/Counter 0 / 1 Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20

6.2.2 Mode 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24

6.2.3 Mode 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25

6.2.4 Mode 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26

6.2.5 Mode 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27

6.3 The Compare/Capture Unit (CCU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28

6.3.1 Timer 2 Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-33

6.3.1.1 Timer 2 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-33

6.3.1.2 Timer 2 Operating Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36

6.3.1.2.1 Gated Timer Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37

6.3.1.2.2 Event Counter Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37

6.3.1.2.3 Reload of Timer 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37

6.3.2 Operation of the Compare Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-39

6.3.2.1 Compare Timer and Compare Timer 1 Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-39

6.3.2.2 Operating Modes of the Compare Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-42

6.3.3 Compare Functions of the CCU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-44

6.3.3.1 Compare Mode 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-45

6.3.3.2 Compare Mode 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-47

6.3.3.3 Compare Mode 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-48

6.3.4 Timer- and Compare-Register Configurations of the CCU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-49

) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Semiconductor Group 1-2 1997-10-01

General Information

C509-L

Table of Contents Page

6.3.4.1 Timer 2 - Compare Function with Registers CRC, CC1 to CC3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-50

6.3.4.2 Timer 2 - Capture Function with Registers CRC, CC1 to CC4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-53

6.3.4.3 Compare Function of Register CC4; “Concurrent Compare” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-55

6.3.4.4 Compare Function of Registers CM0 to CM7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-59

6.3.4.4.1 CMx Registers Assigned to the Compare Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-60

6.3.4.4.2 CMx Registers Assigned to the Timer 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-63

6.3.4.5 Timer 2 Operating in Compare Mode 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-64

6.3.4.6 Compare / Capture Operation with Compare Timer 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-65

6.3.4.6.1 Compare Function of Registers CC10 to CC17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-66

6.3.4.6.2 Capture Function of Registers CC10 to CC17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-68

6.3.5 Modulation Range in Compare Mode 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-69

6.3.6 Using Interrupts in Combination with the Compare Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-71

6.3.6.1 Some advantages in using compare interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-71

6.3.6.2 Interrupt Enable Bits of the Compare/Capture Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-73

6.3.6.3 Interrupt Flags of the Compare/Capture Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-74

6.4 Arithmetic Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-75

6.4.1 MDU Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-75

6.4.2 Operation of the MDU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-77

6.4.3 Multiplication/Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-78

6.4.4 Normalize and Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-79

6.4.5 The Overflow Flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-80

6.4.6 The Error Flag. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-80

6.5 Serial Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-82

6.5.1 Serial Interface 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-82

6.5.1.1 Operating Modes of Serial Interface 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-82

6.5.1.2 Multiprocessor Communication Feature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-83

6.5.1.3 Baud Rates of Serial Channel 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-85

6.5.2 Serial Interface 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-90

6.5.2.1 Operating Modes of Serial Interface 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-90

6.5.2.2 Multiprocessor Communication Feature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-92

6.5.2.3 Baud Rates of Serial Channel 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-92

6.5.3 Detailed Description of the Operating Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-94

6.5.3.1 Mode 0, Synchronous Mode (Serial Interface 0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-94

6.5.3.2 Mode 1/Mode B, 8-Bit UART (Serial Interfaces 0 and 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-97

6.5.3.3 Mode 2, 9-Bit UART (Serial Interface 0). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-100

6.5.3.4 Mode 3 / Mode A, 9-Bit UART (Serial Interfaces 0 and 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-100

6.6 A/D Converter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-104

6.6.1 A/D Converter Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-104

6.6.2 A/D Converter Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-107

6.6.3 A/D Converter Clock Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-111

6.6.4 A/D Conversion Timing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-112

6.6.5 Adjustment of the Sample Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-116

6.6.6 A/D Converter Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-118

Semiconductor Group 1-3 1997-10-01

General Information

C509-L

Table of Contents Page

7 Interrupt System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7.1 Structure of the Interrupt System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7.2 Interrupt Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

7.2.1 Interrupt Enable Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

7.2.2 Interrupt Priority Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10

7.2.3 Interrupt Request Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11

7.3 Interrupt Priority Level Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17

7.4 How Interrupts are Handled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19

7.5 External Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21

7.6 Interrupt Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22

8 Fail Save Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

8.1 Programmable Watchdog Timer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

8.1.1 Input Clock Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

8.1.2 Watchdog Timer Control Flags. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

8.1.3 Starting the Watchdog Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

8.1.3.1 The First Possibility of Starting the Watchdog Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

8.1.3.2 The Second Possibility of Starting the Watchdog Timer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

8.1.4 Refreshing the Watchdog Timer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5

8.1.5 Watchdog Reset and Watchdog Status Flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5

8.2 Oscillator Watchdog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6

9 Power Saving Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1

9.1 Hardware Enable for the Use of the Power Saving Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2

9.2 Power Saving Mode Control Register PCON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3

9.3 Idle Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4

9.4 Software Power Down Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6

9.5 Slow Down Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7

9.6 Hardware Power Down Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8

9.7 Hardware Power Down Mode Reset Timing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10

10 The Bootstrap Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1

10.1 General Functions of the Bootstrap Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1

10.2 Phase I: Check for Existing Custom Software in the External FLASH Memory . . 10-3

10.2.1 Custom Software Check by the Info Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3

10.2.2 Checksum Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7

10.3 Phase II: Automatic Serial Synchronization with the Host. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8

10.3.1 Automatic Synchronization Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9

10.3.2 Baud Rates for Correct Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12

10.4 Phase III: Serial Communication with the Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-13

10.4.1 Block Transfer Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-13

10.4.1.1 Header Block Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-15

10.4.1.2 Data and EOT Block Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-16

10.4.2 Operating Mode Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-17

10.4.2.1 Selection of Operating Mode 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-19

10.4.2.2 Selection of Operating Mode 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-23

10.4.2.3 Selection of Operating Mode 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-24

Semiconductor Group 1-4 1997-10-01

General Information

C509-L

Table of Contents Page

10.4.2.4 Selection of Operating Mode 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-27

10.5 Description of the Bootstrap Loader Subroutines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-29

11 Device Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1

11.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1

11.2 DC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1

11.3 A/D Converter Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5

11.4 AC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-7

12 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1

Semiconductor Group 1-5 1997-10-01

Introduction

C509-L

1Introduction

The C509-L is a high-end microcontroller in the Siemens SAB-C500 8-bit microcontroller family. lt is based on the well-known industry standard 8051 architecture; a great number of enhancements and new peripheral features extend its capabilities to meet the extensive requirements of new applications. Further, the C509-L is a superset of the Siemens SAB 80C517/80C517A 8-bit microcontroller thus offering an easy upgrade path for SAB 80C517/80C517A users.

The high performance of the C509-L microcontroller is achieved by the C500-Core with a maximum operating frequency of 16 MHz internal (and external) CPU clock. While maintaining all the features of the SAB 80C517A, the C509-L is expanded by one I/O port, in its compare/capture capabilities, by A/D converter functions, by additional 1 KByte of on-chip RAM (now 3 KByte XRAM) and by an additional user-selectable CMOS port structure. The C509-L is mounted in a P-MQFP-100-2 package.

Figure 1-1 shows the different functional units of the C509-L and figure 1-2 shows the simplified

logic symbol of the C509-L.

C509

Watchdog

Oscillator

Watchdog

8-Bit UART

HW/SW

Power

Down

Modes

On-Chip Emulation Support Module

MDU

8-Bit USART

T 2

Comp.

Timer 1

Port 9 Port 8

I/O I/O I/O I/O

RAM

256 x 8

T 0

T 1

10-Bit ADC

analog/

digit.

input

CPU C500-Core (8-Dataptr)

Port 7

analog/

digit.

input

Boot ROM 512 x 8

XRAM

3 K x 8

CCU

Port 6

Comp.

Timer 1

Port 5

Port 4 Port 4 Port 4 Port 4 Port 4

I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O

Improved functionality in comparison to the SAB 80C517A.

MCB02493

Figure 1-1 C509-L Functional Units

Semiconductor Group 1-1 1997-10-01

Introduction

C509-L

Listed below is a summary of the main features of the C509-L:

Full upward compatibility with SAB 80C517/80C517A

256 byte on-chip RAM

3K byte of on-chip XRAM

256 directly addressable bits

375 ns instruction cycle at 16-MHz oscillator frequency

64 of 111 instructions are executed in one instruction cycle

External program and data memory expandable up to 64 Kbyte each

On-chip emulation support logic (Enhanced Hooks Technology

10-bit A/D converter – 15 multiplexed inputs – Built-in self calibration

Two 16-bit timers/counters (8051 compatible)

Three 16-bit timers/counters (can be used in combination with the compare/capture unit)

Powerful compare/capture unit (CCU) with up to 29 high-speed or PWM output channels or 13 capture inputs

Arithmetic unit for division, multiplication, shift and normalize operations

Eight datapointers instead of one for indirect addressing of program and external data memory

Extended watchdog facilities – 15-bit programmable watchdog timer – Oscillator watchdog

Ten I/O ports – Eight bidirectional 8-bit I/O ports with selectable port structure

quasi-bidirectional port structure (8051 compatible) bidirectional port structure with CMOS voltage levels

– One 8-bit and one 7-bit input port for analog and digital input signals

Two full-duplex serial interfaces with own baud rate generators

Four priority level interrupt systems, 19 interrupt vectors

Three power saving modes – Slow-down mode – Idle mode – Power-down mode

Siemens high-performance ACMOS technology

M-QFP-100 rectangular quad flat package

Temperature Ranges : SAB-C509-L

SAF-C509-L

= 0 to 70 ° C

= -40 to 85 ° C

)

Semiconductor Group 1-2 1997-10-01

Introduction

C509-L

Figure 1-2 C509-L Logic Symbol

Semiconductor Group 1-3 1997-10-01

Introduction

1.1 Pin Configuration

This section describes the pin configuration of the C509-L in the P-MQFP-100-2 package.

C509-L

Figure 1-3 C509-L Pin Configuration (P-MQFP-100-2, top view)

Semiconductor Group 1-4 1997-10-01

1.2 Pin Definitions and Functions

This section describes all external signals of the C509-L with its function.

Table 1-1 Pin Deﬁnitions and Functions

Symbol Pin Number I/O*) Function

Introduction

C509-L

P1.0 - P1.7 9-6, 1,

100-98

100 99 98

I/O

Port 1

is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullup resistors. Port 1 pins that have 1's written to them are pulled high by the internal pullup resistors, and in that state can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 1 pins being externally pulled low will source current ( I

, in the DC

characteristics) because of the internal pullup resistors. Port 1 can also be switched into a bidirectional mode, in which CMOS levels are provided. In this bidirectional mode, each port 1 pin can be programmed individually as input or output. Port 1 also contains the interrupt, timer, clock, capture and compare pins that are used by various options. The output latch corresponding to a secondary function must be programmed to a one (1) for that function to operate (except when used for the compare functions). The secondary functions are assigned to the pins of port 1 as follows : P1.0 INT3

CC0 Interrupt 3 input / compare 0 output /

capture 0 input

P1.1 INT4 CC1 Interrupt 4 input / compare 1 output /

capture 1 input

P1.2 INT5 CC2 Interrupt 5 input / compare 2 output /

capture 2 input

P1.3 INT6 CC3 Interrupt 6 input / compare 3 output /

capture 3 input

P1.4 INT2

CC4 Interrupt 2 input / compare 4 output /

capture 4 input P1.5 T2EX Timer 2 external reload trigger input P1.6 CLKOUT System clock output P1.7 T2 Counter 2 input

*) I = Input

O = Output

Semiconductor Group 1-5 1997-10-01

Table 1-1 Pin Deﬁnitions and Functions (cont’d)

Symbol Pin Number I/O*) Function

Introduction

C509-L

P9.0 - P9.7 74-77,

5-2

XTAL2 12 –

I/O

Port 9

is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullup resistors. Port 9 pins that have 1's written to them are pulled high by the internal pullup resistors, and in that state can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 9 pins being externally pulled low will source current ( I

, in the DC characteri-

stics) because of the internal pullup resistors. Port 9 can also be switched into a bidirectional mode, in which CMOS levels are provided. In this bidirectional mode, each port 1 pin can be programmed individually as input or output. Port 9 also serves alternate compare functions. The output latch corresponding to a secondary function must be programmed to a one (1) for that function to operate. The secondary functions are assigned to the pins of port 9 as follows : P9.0-P9.7 CC10-CC17 Compare/capture channel 0-7

output/input

XTAL2

is the input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock generator circuits. When supplying the C509-L with an external clock source, XTAL2 should be driven, while XTAL1 is left unconnected. A duty cycle of 0.45 to 0.55 of the clock signal is required. Minimum and maximum high and low times as well as rise/fall times specified in the AC characteristics must be observed.

XTAL1 13 –

XTAL1

Output of the inverting oscillator amplifier. This pin is used for the oscillator operation with crystal or ceramic resonartor

*) I = Input

O = Output

Semiconductor Group 1-6 1997-10-01

Table 1-1 Pin Deﬁnitions and Functions (cont’d)

Symbol Pin Number I/O*) Function

Introduction

C509-L

P2.0 – P2.7 14-21 I/O

PSEN

/ RDF 22 O

Port 2

is a 8-bit I/O port. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @DPTR). In this application it uses strong internal pullup resistors when issuing 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX @Ri), port 2 issues the contents of the P2 special function register. P2.0 - P2.7 A8 - A15 Address lines 8 - 15

Program Store Enable / Read FLASH

The PSEN external program memory to the bus during external code fetch operations. It is activated every third oscillator period. PSEN is not activated during external data memory accesses caused by MOVX instructions. PSEN is not activated when instructions are executed from the internal Boot ROM or from the XRAM. In external programming mode RDF becomes active when executing external data memory read (MOVX) instructions.

output is a control signal that enables the

ALE 23 O

PRGEN 25 I External Flash-EPROM Program Enable

*) I = Input

O = Output

24 I External Access Enable

Address Latch Enable

This output is used for latching the low byte of the address into external memory during normal operation. It is activated every third oscillator period except during an external data memory access caused by MOVX instructions.

The status of this pin is latched at the end of a reset. When held at low level, the C509-L fetches all instructions from the external program memory. For the C509-L this pin must be tied low.

A low level at this pin disables the programming of an external Flash-EPROM. To enable the programming of an external Flash-EPROM, the pin PRGEN must be held at high level and bit PRGEN1 in SFR SYSCON1 has to be set. There is no internal pullup resistor connected to this pin.

Semiconductor Group 1-7 1997-10-01

Table 1-1 Pin Deﬁnitions and Functions (cont’d)

Symbol Pin Number I/O*) Function

Introduction

C509-L

P0.0 – P0.7 26, 27,

30-35

I/O Port 0

is an 8-bit open-drain bidirectional I/O port. Port 0 pins that have 1s written to them float, and in that state can be used as high-impendance inputs. Port 0 is also the multiplexed low-order address and data bus during accesses to external program or data memory. In this operating mode it uses strong internal pullup resistors when issuing 1 s. P0.0 - P0.7 AD0-AD7 Address/data lines 0 - 7

HWPD

36 I Hardware Power Down

A low level on this pin for the duration of one machine cycle while the oscillator is running resets the C509-L. A low level for a longer period will force the part to power down mode with the pins floating. There is no internal pullup resistor connected to this pin.

P5.0 - P5.7 44-37 I/O Port 5

is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullup resistors. Port 5 pins that have 1's written to them are pulled high by the internal pullup resistors, and in that state can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 5 pins being externally pulled low will source current (I characteristics) because of the internal pullup resistors. Port 5 can also be switched into a bidirectional mode, in which CMOS levels are provided. In this bidirectional mode, each port 5 pin can be programmed individually as input or output. Port 5 also serves as alternate function for “Concurrent Compare” and "Set/Reset compare” functions. The output latch corresponding to a secondary function must be programmed to a one (1) for that function to operate. The secondary functions are assigned to the pins of port 5 as follows : P5.0 - P5.7 CCM0-CCM7 Concurrent Compare

, in the DC

or Set/Reset lines 0 - 7

*) I = Input

O = Output

Semiconductor Group 1-8 1997-10-01

Table 1-1 Pin Deﬁnitions and Functions (cont’d)

Symbol Pin Number I/O*) Function

OWE 45 I Oscillator Watchdog Enable

A high level on this pin enables the oscillator watchdog. When left unconnected, this pin is pulled high by a weak internal pullup resistor. The logic level at OWE should not be changed during normal operation. When held at low level the oscillator watchdog function is turned off. During hardware power down the pullup resistor is switched off.

Introduction

C509-L

P6.0 - P6.7 46-50,

54-56

46 47 48

I/O Port 6

is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullup resistors. Port 6 pins that have 1's written to them are pulled high by the internal pullup resistors, and in that state can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 6 pins being externally pulled low will source current (I characteristics) because of the internal pullup resistors. Port 6 can also be switched into a bidirectional mode, in which CMOS levels are provided. In this bidirectional mode, each port 6 pin can be programmed individually as input or output. Port 6 also contains the external A/D converter control pin, the receive and transmission lines for the serial port 1, and the write-FLASH control signal. The output latch corresponding to a secondary function must be programmed to a one (1) for that function to operate. The secondary functions are assigned to the pins of port 6 as follows : P6.0 ADST P6.1 R×D1 Receiver data input of serial interface 1 P6.2 T×D1 Transmitter data output of serial

P6.3 WRF The WRF (write Flash) signal is active

, in the DC

External A/D converter start pin

interface 1

when the programming mode is selected. In this mode WRF becomes active when executing external data memory write (MOVX) instructions.

*) I = Input

O = Output

Semiconductor Group 1-9 1997-10-01

Table 1-1 Pin Deﬁnitions and Functions (cont’d)

Symbol Pin Number I/O*) Function

Introduction

C509-L

P8.0 - P8.6 57-60,

51-53

61 O Reset Output

P4.0 – P4.7 64-66,

68-72

I Port 8

is a 7-bit unidirectional input port. Port pins can be used for digital input if voltage levels meet the specified input high/low voltages, and for the higher 7-bit of the multiplexed analog inputs of the A/D converter simultaneously. P8.0 - P8.6 AIN8 - AIN14 Analog input 8 - 14

This pin outputs the internally synchronized reset request signal. This signal may be generated by an external hardware reset, a watchdog timer reset or an oscillator watchdog reset. The RO output is active low.

I/O Port 4

is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors. Port 4 pins that have 1’s written to them are pulled high by the internal pull-up resistors, and in that state can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 4 pins being externally pulled low will source current (I characteristics) because of the internal pull-up resistors. Port 4 also erves as alternate compare functions. The output latch corresponding to a secondary functionmust be programmed to a one (1) for that function to operate. The secondary functions are assigned to the pins of port 4 as follows : P4.0 - P4.7 CM0 - CM7 Compare channel 0 - 7

, in the DC

/ SWD 67 I Power Saving Modes Enable / Start Watchdog Timer

A low level on this pin allows the software to enter the power down mode, idle and slow down mode. If the low level is also seen during reset, the watchdog timer function is off on default. Usage of the software controlled power saving modes is blocked, when this pin is held on high level. A high level during reset performs an automatic start of the watchdog timer immediately after reset. When left unconnected this pin is pulled high by a weak internal pullup resistor. During hardware power down the pullup resistor is switched off.

*) I = Input

O = Output

Semiconductor Group 1-10 1997-10-01

Table 1-1 Pin Deﬁnitions and Functions (cont’d)

Symbol Pin Number I/O*) Function

RESET 73 I RESET

A low level on this pin for the duration of two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the C509-L. A small internal pullup resistor permits power-on reset using only a capacitor connected to VSS.

Introduction

C509-L

V V

AREF

AGND

78 – Reference voltage for the A/D converter 79 – Reference ground for the A/D converter

P7.0 - P7.7 87-80 I Port 7

Port 7 is an 8-bit unidirectional input port. Port pins can be used for digital input if voltage levels meet the specified input high/low voltages, and for the lower 8-bit of the multiplexed analog inputs of the A/D converter simultaneously. P7.0 - P7.7 AIN0 - AIN7 Analog input 0 - 7

*) I = Input

O = Output

Semiconductor Group 1-11 1997-10-01

Table 1-1 Pin Deﬁnitions and Functions (cont’d)

Symbol Pin Number I/O*) Function

Introduction

C509-L

P3.0 – P3.7 90-97

92 93 94 95 96

I/O Port 3

is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullup resistors. Port 3 pins that have 1's written to them are pulled high by the internal pullup resistors, and in that state can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 3 pins being externally pulled low will source current (I characteristics) because of the internal pullup resistors. Port 3 also contains two external interrupt inputs, the timer 0/1 inputs, the serial port 0 receive/transmit line and the external memory strobe pins. The output latch corresponding to a secondary function must be programmed to a one (1) for that function to operate. The secondary functions are assigned to the port pins of port 3 as follows P3.0 R×D0 Receiver data input (asynchronous) or

P3.1 T×D0 Transmitter data output (asynchronous)

P3.2 INT0 Interrupt 0 input / timer 0 gate control P3.3 INT1 Interrupt 1 input / timer 1 gate control P3.4 T0 Counter 0 input P3.5 T1 Counter 1 input P3.6 WR

P3.7 RD / The read control signal enables the

, in the DC

data input/output (synchronous) of serial interface 0

or clock output (synchronous) of the serial interface 0

The write control signal latches the data byte from port 0 into the external data memory

external data memory to port 0

PSENX PSENX (external program store enable)

enables the external code memory when the external / internal XRAM mode or external / internal programming mode is selected.

*) I = Input

O = Output

10, 28, 62, 88 – Circuit ground potential 11, 29, 63, 89 – Supply terminal for all operating modes

Semiconductor Group 1-12 1997-10-01

Fundamental Structure

C509-L

2 Fundamental Structure

The C509-L is the high-end 8051-compatible microcontroller of the C500 microcontroller family with a significantly increased performance of CPU and peripheral units. It includes the complete SAB 80C517A functionality, providing 100% upward compatibility. This means that all existing 80517A programs or user’s program libraries can be used further on without restriction and may be easily extended to the C509-L.

Some of the various on-chip peripherals of the C509-L support the 8-bit core in case of stringent real-time requirements. The 32-bit/16-bit arithmetic unit, the improved 4-level interrupt structure and eight 16-bit datapointers are meant to give such a CPU support. But strict compatibility to the 8051 architecture is a principle of the C509-L design.

Furthermore, the C509-L contains eight 8-bit I/O ports and fifteen general input lines. The second serial channel is compatible to the 8051-UART and provided with an independent and freely programmable baud rate generator. An 10-bit resolution A/D-converter with built-in self calibration has been integrated to allow analog signal processing. The C509-L further includes a powerful compare/capture unit with two 16-bit compare timers for all kinds of digital signal processing. The controller has been completed with well considered provisions for “fail-safe” reaction in critical applications and offers all CMOS features like low power consumption as well as an idle, powerdown and slow-down mode.

Figure 2-1 shows the block diagram of the C509-L.

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Fundamental Structure

C509-L

Figure 2-1 Block Diagram of the C509-L

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Fundamental Structure

C509-L

2.1 CPU

The CPU is designed to operate on bits and bytes. The instructions, which consist of up to 3 bytes, are performed in one, two or four machine cycles. One machine cycle requires six oscillator cycles (this number of oscillator cycles differs from other members of the C500 microcontroller family). The instruction set has extensive facilities for data transfer, logic and arithmetic instructions. The Boolean processor has its own full-featured and bit-based instructions within the instruction set. The C509-L uses five addressing modes: direct access, immediate, register, register indirect access, and for accessing the external data or program memory portions a base register plus index-register indirect addressing.Efficient use of program memory results from an instruction set consisting of 44 % one-byte, 41 % two-byte, and 15 % three-byte instructions. With a 16 MHz clock, 58 % of the instructions execute in 375 ns.

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) of the C509-L consists of the instruction decoder, the arithmetic section and the program control section. Each program instruction is decoded by the instruction decoder. This unit generates the internal signals controlling the functions of the individual units within the CPU. They have an effect on the source and destination of data transfers, and control the ALU processing.

The arithmetic section of the processor performs extensive data manipulation and is comprised of the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), an A register, B register and PSW register.

The ALU accepts 8-bit data words from one or two sources and generates an 8-bit result under the control of the instruction decoder. The ALU performs the arithmetic operations add, substract, multiply, divide, increment, decrement, BDC-decimal-add-adjust and compare, and the logic operations AND, OR, Exclusive OR, complement and rotate (right, left or swap nibble (left four)). Also included is a Boolean processor performing the bit operations as set, clear, completement, jump-if-not-set, jump-if-set-and-clear and move to/from carry. Between any addressable bit (or its complement) and the carry flag, it can perform the bit operations of logical AND or logical OR with the result returned to the carry flag.

The program control section controls the sequence in which the instructions stored in program memory are executed. The 16-bit program counter (PC) holds the address of the next instruction to be executed. The conditional branch logic enables internal and external events to the processor to cause a change in the program execution sequence.

Accumulator

ACC is the symbol for the accumulator register. The mnemonics for accumulator-specific instructions, however, refer to the accumulator simply as A.

Program Status Word

The Program Status Word (PSW) contains several status bits that reflect the current state of the CPU.

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Fundamental Structure

C509-L

Special Function Register PSW (Address D0H) Reset Value : 00

Bit No. D7

MSB

CY AC F0 RS1

RS0 OV F1 P

LSB

PSW

Bit Function

CY Carry Flag

Used by arithmetic instructions.

AC Auxiliary Carry Flag

Used by instructions which execute BCD operations) F0 General Purpose Flag RS1

RS0

These bits are used to select one of the four register banks.

RS1 RS0 Function

0 0 Bank 0 selected, data address 00H-07 0 1 Bank 1 selected, data address 08H-0F 1 0 Bank 2 selected, data address 10H-17 1 1 Bank 3 selected, data address 18H-1F

H H H H

OV Overflow Flag F1 General Purpose Flag

Used by arithmetic instructions. P Parity Flag

Set/cleared by hardware after each instruction cycle to indicate an odd/even

number of “one” bits in the accumulator, i.e. even parity.

B Register

The B register is used by 8-bit multiply and divide instructions and serves as both source and destination. For other instructions it can be treated as another scratch pad register.

Stack Pointer

The stack pointer (SP) register is 8 bits wide. It is incremented before data is stored during PUSH and CALL executions and decremented after data is popped during a POP and RET (RETI) execution, i.e. it always points to the last valid stack byte. While the stack may reside anywhere in the on-chip RAM, the stack pointer is initialized to 07H after a reset. This causes the stack to begin a location = 08H above register bank zero. The SP can be read or written under software control.

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Fundamental Structure

C509-L

2.2 CPU Timing

A machine cycle consists of 6 states (6 oscillator periods). Each state is divided into a phase 1 half, during OSC is high, and a phase 2 half, during which OSC is low. Thus, a machine cycle consists of 6 oscillator periods, numbered S1P1 (state 1, phase 1) through S6P2 (state 6, phase 2). Each state lasts for one oscillator period. Typically, arithmetic and logical operations take place during phase 1 and internal register-to-register transfers take place during phase 2.

The diagrams in figure 2-2 show the fetch/execute timing related to the internal states and phases. Since these internal clock signals are not user-accessible, the XTAL1 oscillator signals and the ALE (address latch enable) signal are shown for external reference. ALE is normally activated twice during each machine cycle: once during S1P2 and S2P1, and again during S4P2 and S5P1.

Executing of a one-cycle instruction begins at S1P2, when the op-code is latched into the instruction register. If it is a two-byte instruction, the second reading takes place during S4 of the same machine cycle. If it is a one-byte instruction, there is still a fetch at S4, but the byte read (which would be the next op-code) is ignored (discarded fetch), and the program counter is not incremented. In any case, execution is completed at the end of S6P2.

Figures 2-2 a) and b) show the timing of a 1-byte, 1-cycle instruction and for a 2-byte, 1-cycle instruction.

Most C509-L instructions are executed in one cycle. MUL (multiply) and DIV (divide) are the only instructions that take more than two cycles to complete; they take four cycles. Normally two code bytes are fetched from the program memory during every machine cycle. The only exception to this is when a MOVX instruction is executed. MOVX is a one-byte, 2-cycle instruction that accesses external data memory. During a MOVX, the two fetches in the second cycle are skipped while the external data memory is being addressed and strobed. Figure 2-2 c) and d) show the timing for a normal 1-byte, 2-cycle instruction and for a MOVX instruction.

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Fundamental Structure

C509-L

Figure 2-2 Fetch and Execute Sequences

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Memory Organization

3 Memory Organization

The C509-L CPU manipulates data and operands in the following five address spaces:

– up to 64 Kbyte of external program memory – up to 64 Kbyte of external data memory – 512 byte of internal Boot ROM (program memory) – 256 bytes of internal data memory – 3 Kbyte of internal XRAM data memory – a 128 byte special function register area

Figure 3-1 illustrates the memory address spaces of the C509-L.

C509-L

Figure 3-1 C509-L Memory Map

The internal XRAM data memory overlaps with the external data memory in the address range from F400H to FFFFH. In this address range, either external or internal data RAM can be used. If the internal XRAM has been enabled, it only can be disabled by an active RESET or HWPD signal.

The internal Boot ROM also overlaps with the external code memory in the address range from 0000H to 01FFH. Depending on the selected operating mode (chipmode), either external code memory or the internal Boot ROM is accessed in this address range.

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Memory Organization

C509-L

3.1 Program Memory, “Code Space”

Besides the internal Boot ROM, the C509-L has no internal program memory (ROM). In normal mode the program memory of the C509-L is located externally and can be expanded up to 64 Kbyte. In the normal mode the C509-L fetches all instructions from the external program memory. Therefore, the pin EA of the C509-L must be always tied to low level.

The Boot ROM includes a bootstrap loader program for the bootstrap mode of the C509-L. The software routines of the bootstrap loader program allow the easy and quick programming or loading of the internal XRAM (F400H to FFFFH) via the serial interface while the MCU is in-circuit. This allows to transfer custom routines to the XRAM, which will program an external 64 KByte FLASH memory. The routines of the bootstrap loader program may be executed or even can be blocked to prevent unauthorized persons from reading out or writing to the external FLASH memory. Therefore, the bootstrap loader checks an external FLASH memory for existing custom software and executes it. The bootstrap loader program is described in detail in chapter 10.

3.2 Data Memory, “Data Space”

The data memory address space consists of an internal and an external memory space. The internal data memory is divided into three physically separate and distinct blocks: the lower 128 bytes of RAM, the upper 128 bytes of RAM, and the 128 byte special function register (SFR) area. While the upper 128 bytes of data memory and the SFR area share the same address locations, they are accessed through different addressing modes. The lower 128 bytes of data memory can be accessed through direct or register indirect addressing; the upper 128 bytes of RAM can be accessed through register indirect addressing; the special function registers are accessible through direct addressing. Four 8-register banks, each bank consisting of eight 8-bit multi-purpose registers, occupy locations 0 through 1FH in the lower RAM area. The next 16 bytes, locations 20H through 2FH, contain 128 directly addressable bit locations. The stack can be located anywhere in the internal data memory address space, and the stack depth can be expanded up to 256 bytes.

The external data memory can be expanded up to 64 Kbytes and can be accessed by instructions that use a 16-bit or an 8-bit address. The internal XRAM is also located in the external data memory area and must be accessed by external data memory instructions (MOVX). The XRAM can also serve as code memory in the XRAM mode and in the FLASH programming mode. In these modes program code which has been prior loaded via the bootstrap loader program, is executed in the XRAM.

3.3 General Purpose Registers

The lower 32 locations of the internal RAM are assigned to four banks with eight general purpose registers (GPRs) each. Only one of these banks may be enabled at a time. Two bits in the program status word, RS0 (PSW.3) and RS1 (PSW.4), select the active register bank (see description of the PSW in chapter 2). This allows fast context switching, which is useful when entering subroutines or interrupt service routines.

The 8 general purpose registers of the selected register bank may be accessed by register addressing. With register addressing the instruction op code indicates which register is to be used. For indirect addressing R0 and R1 are used as pointer or index register to address internal or external memory (e.g. MOV @R0).

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Memory Organization

C509-L

Reset initializes the stack pointer to location 07H and increments it once to start from location 08

which is also the first register (R0) of register bank 1. Thus, if one is going to use more than one register bank, the SP should be initialized to a different location of the RAM which is not used for data storage.

3.4 Program and Data Memory Organization

The C509-L can operate in four different operating modes (chipmodes) with different program and data memory organizations:

– Normal Mode – XRAM Mode – Bootstrap Mode – Programming Mode

Table 3-1 describes the program and data memory areas which are available in the different chipmodes of the C509-L. It also shows the control bits of SFR SYSCON1, which are used for the software selection of the chipmodes.

Table 3-1 Overview of Program and Data Memory Organization

Operating Mode (Chipmode)

Program Memory Data Memory SYSCON1 Bits Ext. Int. Ext. Int. PRGEN1SWAP

Normal Mode 0000

FFFF

XRAM Mode 0200H -

F3FF

Bootstrap Mode 0200H -

F3FF

Programming Mode 0200H -

FFFF

–

0000H 01FFH = Boot ROM; F400

FFFFH = (XRAM)

0000H 01FFH = Boot ROM

0000H 01FFH = Boot ROM; F400

FFFFH = XRAM

0000H F3FF

0000 FFFF

(read only)

0000H F3FF

0000 FFFF

(read and write)

F400

FFFF

(XRAM)

–

F400

FFFF

(XRAM)

–

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Memory Organization

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3.4.1 Interface of External FLASH/ROM/EPROM and External SRAM Memory

The external FLASH/ROM/EPROM memory and the external SRAM memory can be used in the chipmodes either as code memory or as data memory. The basic memory configuration is shown in figure 3-2.

The following alternate function pins control the read/write accesses for code/data memories:

PSEN / RDF Read control signal for the FLASH/ROM/EPROM memory P6.3 / WRF Write control signal for the FLASH/ROM/EPROM memory P3.6 / WR Write control signal for the SRAM memory P3.7 / RD / PSENX Read control signal for the SRAM memory

Figure 3-2 Interface of External FLASH/ROM/EPROM and External SRAM Memory

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Memory Organization

C509-L

3.4.2 Normal Mode Configuration

The Normal Mode is the standard 8051 compatible operating mode of the C509-L. In this mode 64K byte external code memory and 61K byte external SRAM as well as 3K byte internal data memory (XRAM) are provided. If the XRAM is disabled (default after reset), totally 64K byte external data memory are available. The Boot ROM is disabled. The external program memory is controlled by the PSEN/RDF signal. Read and write accesses to the external data memory are controlled by the RD and WR pins of port 3.

The Normal Mode is entered by keeping the pin PRGEN at a logic low during the rising edge of the external RESET or HWPD signal. The locations of the code- and data-memory in Normal Mode are shown in figure 3-4.

Figure 3-3 Locations of Code- and Data Memory in Normal Mode

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