Siemens BS-240, BS-241 Technical Description

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Information

Base Station System Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

A30808-X3247-L14-2-7618

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

Information

Base Station System

Important Notice on Product Safety

DANGER - RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK OR DEATH - FOLLOW ALL INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS.

The system complies with the standard EN 60950 / IEC 60950. All equipment connected to the system must comply with the applicable safety standards. HazardousvoltagesarepresentattheACpowersupplylinesinthiselectricalequipment.Somecomponentsmay also have high operating temperatures.

Failure to observe and follow all installation and safety instructions can result in serious personal injury or property damage. Therefore, only trained and qualified personnel may install and maintain the system.

The same text in German: Wichtiger Hinweis zur Produktsicherheit

LEBENSGEFAHR - BEACHTEN SIE ALLE INSTALLATIONSHINWEISE.

Das System entspricht den Anforderungen der EN 60950 / IEC 60950. Alle an das System angeschlossenen Geräte müssen die zutreffenden Sicherheitsbestimmungen erfüllen. In diesen Anlagen stehen die Netzversorgungsleitungen unter gefährlicher Spannung. Einige Komponenten können auch eine hohe Betriebstemperatur aufweisen.

Nichtbeachtung der Installations- und Sicherheitshinweise kann zu schweren Körperverletzungen oder Sachschäden führen. Deshalb darf nur geschultes und qualifiziertes Personal das System installieren und warten.

Caution:

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with EN 301489. Its class of conformity is defined in table A30808-X3247-X910-*-7618, which is shipped with each product. This class also corresponds to the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the relevant standards referenced in the manual “Guide to Documentation”, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. For system installations it is strictly required to choose all installation sites according to national and local requirements concerning construction rules and static load capacities of buildings and roofs. Forallsites,inparticular in residential areas it is mandatory to observe all respectively applicable electromagnetic field / force (EMF) limits. Otherwise harmful personal interference is possible.

Trademarks: Alldesignationsused in this document can be trademarks, the use of which bythirdpartiesfor their own purposes

could violate the rights of their owners.

Issued by the Information and Communication Mobile Group Hofmannstraße 51 D-81359 München

Technical modifications possible. Technical specifications and features are binding only insofar as they are specifically and expressly agreed upon in a written contract.

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Information Base Station System

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

Reason for Update

Summary:

Second Edition for Release BR7.0

Details:

Chapter/Section Reason for Update All New Release BR7.0

Revised Chapter

Issue History

Issue Number

1 07/2003 First Edition for new Release BR7.0 2 12/2003 Second Edition for Release BR7.0

Date of issue Reason for Update

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

Information

Base Station System

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Information Base Station System

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

This document consists of a total of 70 pages. All pages are issue 2.

1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.1 Main Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.2 Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2 Hardware Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.1 Board Redundancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.1.1 AC/DC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.1.2 Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.2 Power Amplifier Output Level (typical values) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.3 Rack Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3 Description of Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3.1 Core (COBA and COSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3.1.1 Core Basis (COBA2P8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3.1.2 Core Satellite (COSA6P16) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.2 Carrier Unit (CU). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

3.3 EDGE Carrier Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

3.4 GMSK Carrier Units (GCU). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

3.5 Duplexer Amplifier Multi Coupler (DUAMCO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

3.6 DI(=2) Amplifier Multi Coupler (DIAMCO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

3.7 Filter Combiner (FICOM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

3.8 Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

3.9 High Power Duplexer Unit (HPDU). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

3.10 DC Panel (DCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

3.11 Alarm Collection Terminal (ACT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

3.12 AC/DC Converter (AC/DC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

3.12.1 DC and Battery Controller (DCBCTRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

3.13 Overvoltage Protection and Tracer (OVPT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

3.14 Abis Connection Module (ABISCON) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

3.15 Abis Link Equipment (LE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

3.16 Cover Parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

3.17 Backup Battery (BATTERY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

3.18 Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3.19 Heat Exchanger (HEX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

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4 Antenna Combiners and Receiving Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

4.1 Methods of Combining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

4.1.1 Typical Combiner Losses (TX path) and Output Power Level . . . . . . . . . . 52

4.1.2 DUAMCO - DIAMCO GAIN (RX Path) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

4.1.3 Parameters of Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

4.1.4 Examples of possible BTSE configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

4.2 Receiving Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

4.2.1 Antenna diversity techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

4.2.1.1 Antenna System Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

4.2.2 Receiver Sensitivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

4.3 Transmission Diversity Time Delay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

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TechnicalDescription(TED:BSS) BS-240/241

4.3.1 Functionality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

4.4 FCC Issues (for US Market only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

5 Power Supply and Battery Backup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

5.1 Support of Emergency Operation for 3rd Party BBU System . . . . . . . . . . . 67

6 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Information

Base Station System

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Information Base Station System

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

Illustrations

Fig. 2.1 BS-240 Indoor Cabinet and BS-241 Outdoor Cabinet (Base Racks) . . 14

Fig. 2.2 Functional Blocks of the BS-240/241. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Fig. 2.3 Redundant COREs and their Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Fig. 2.4 BS-240 Base Rack and 2 Extension Racks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Fig. 2.5 BS-241 Base Rack and 2 Extension Racks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Fig. 2.6 Possible Configuration of Service1 Rack and Service2 Rack . . . . . . . . 22

Fig. 2.7 BS-240/241 fully Equipped with 24 Carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Fig. 3.1 Backplane Slot Configuration of Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Fig. 3.2 COBA2P8 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Fig. 3.3 Structure of ACLK Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Fig. 3.4 COSA6P16 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Fig. 3.5 Carrier Unit Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Fig. 3.6 PATRX Block Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Fig. 3.7 Principal Data Flow on SIPRO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Fig. 3.8 EPATRX and ESIPRO Function Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Fig. 3.9 Data Flow in ESIPRO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Fig. 3.10 Alarm Collection Terminal (ACTM and ACTP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Fig. 3.11 Example of Battery Backup Systems Connected to the AC/DC . . . . . . 43

Fig. 4.1 Overview of Combining Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Fig. 4.2 DUAMCO 2:2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Fig. 4.3 DUAMCO 4:2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Fig. 4.4 DUAMCO 8:2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Fig. 4.5 FICOM 8:1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Fig. 4.6 DIAMCO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Fig. 4.7 HPDU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Fig. 4.8 Configuration with HPDU, DUBIAS and TMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Fig. 4.9 Multi-cell (3,3,2): with 3 DUAMCO 4:2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Fig. 4.10 Multi-cell (3,3,2): with 2 DUAMCO 4:2 and 1 DUAMCO 2:2 . . . . . . . . . 58

Fig. 4.11 Single-cell (8,0,0): with FICOM and DIAMCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Fig. 4.12 Single-cell (8,0,0): with 2 DUAMCO 4:2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Fig. 4.13 Multi-cell (2,2,2): with 3 DUAMCO 2:2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Fig. 4.14 Single-cell (11...16,0,0): FICOMs, DIAMCOs and HPDUs in 2 Racks. . 60

Fig. 4.15 Capacity Downlink Improvements for TX Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Fig. 4.16 BTS Rack Cabling for Transmitter Diversity Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

Tables

Tab. 1.1 Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Tab. 1.2 Frequency Bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Tab. 2.1 Power Amplifier Output Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Tab. 3.1 Units and Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Tab. 3.2 GMSK/8PSK Linear Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Tab. 4.1 Insertion loss of DUAMCOs, FICOMs, HPDU and TMA. . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Tab. 4.2 Parameters of DUAMCO - DIAMCO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Tab. 4.3 Parameters of 900 MHz Tower Mounted Amplifier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Tab. 4.4 Parameters of 1800 MHz Tower Mounted Amplifier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Tab. 4.5 Parameters of 900/1800 MHz Tower Mounted Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Tab. 4.6 Maximum RF Power Output Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Tab. 4.7 Maximum RF Power Output Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Information

Base Station System

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Information Base Station System

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

1 Introduction

The architecture of BS-240/241 provides maximum flexibility to develop higher capacity BTSs with reduced volume and an expanded number of 24 TRXs in 3 Racks with a modularity of 8 TRXs per Rack. Any operation for rack extension or TRX substitution doesn’t involve service interruption.The provision of a full spectrum of combining equipment allows high power and minimized numberof antennas. High receiversensitivity is also guaranted.

The modular architecture and the flexible internal structure, enables the BS-240/241 to provide new GSM features such as EDGE; this platform ensures that network evolution is as smooth as possible.

The use of the latest technology reduces power consumption and improves reliability; the reliability is also increased by the redundancy of all core modules. Easy integration is possible in the already installed sites, for the backward compatibility with existing SIEMENS SBS systems. High Site efficiency is assured for composite transmit power with minimal footprint requirements.

Homogenous service throughout the network is assured by common BTS SW running on all the platforms.

The BS-240/241 primarily consists of:

• Carrier oriented boards called carrier unit (CU),

• Core boards (COSA, COBA) and

• Combining equipment

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

1.1 Main Features

The BS-240/241 is designed for max. 24 carriers in 3 Racks/Shelters plus Service Racks/Shelters, if needed. The minimum configuration is one Rack or one Shelter with a Service Rack/Shelter. Service Racks/Shelters can be configured to accommodate Backup Batteries and Link Equipment. A Service Rack/Shelter can be equipped with AC/DC Converters. Easy Rack/Shelter Extension is possible with one or two Extension Racks/Shelters.

The BS-240/241 can be configured for the systems GSM 850, GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900 with the following configurations: – Single band – Dualband: GSM 900, GSM 1800; GSM 900, GSM 1900; GSM 850, GSM 1800 and

GSM 850, GSM 1900 : – GSM 900, GSM 1800 cell mixed frequencies – Common BCCH channel for GSM 900, GSM 1800 cell (dual band) – Single cell – Multi cell

Up to 6 cells per Rack and up to 12 cells can be supported. A special case is the feature “concentric cell”; one cell with 2 supply areas (inner and complete area). This feature can be used in omnicells as well as in multicells with sectors.

The following combining options are supported: – Antenna combining with CU pairs to apply transmission diversity time delay. – Antennacombining withduplexers(DUAMCO) can be appliedfor 2, 4 and8carriers.

RF amplifier and multicoupler for the RX path are integrated – Antenna combining with Filter Combiners (FICOM) is possible for up to 8 carriers

onto one TX antenna – Cascading of multicoupler equipment (DIAMCO) is possible for up to 24 carriers – High Power Duplexer (HPDU) for reduction of the necessary numbers of antennas

in case of FICOM per cell for up to 8 carriers can be applied – Every BTSE has core equipment in the Base Rack/Shelter – Sensitivityis better than GSM requirements at the Rack entry by using DUAMCO or

DIAMCO units – BTSplus sensitivity is better than GSM requirements at the antenna connector by

using Tower Mounted Ampliﬁers (TMA) – EDGE Carrier Units (ECU) – Mixed Conﬁgurations of Cells/Sectors applying both EDGE Carrier Units (ECU) and

“normal” Carrier Units (CU) Traffic Channels:

– Full-Rate (FR) – Half-Rate (HR) – Enhanced Full-Rate (EFR) – Adaptive Multi Rate Codec (AMR)

Services: – GPRS – HSCSD – EDGE

Frequency Hopping: – Baseband – Synthesizer

Information

Base Station System

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Information Base Station System

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

Redundancy: – SW Support of Core Redundancy – SW Support of BCCH Redundancy – AC/DC n+1 redundancy. (n+1) AC/DCConverterswork in load sharing, butn AC/DC

are able to supply the whole BS-240/241 including Service Racks/Shelters

Abis interface: – Enhanced Full-Rate TCH – Full-Rate and Half-Rate TCH – AMR TCH – Submultiplexing4x16kbit/s onto one 64 kbit/s timeslot for handling Full-Rate TCH

on Um interface

– Handling of 4x(2x8) kbit/s onto one64 kbit/s timeslot for half-rate TCH on Uminter-

face

– Drop and insert feature on 2 Mbit/s (E1) and 1.5 Mbit/s (T1) links is available on a

16 kbit/s and a 64 kbit/s basis – Star, loop and multidrop chain connections – Cross connect function – Change of PCM line conﬁguration from star to multidrop or loop and vice versa is

possible without any interruption of service – Multiple Abis LAPD links; load sharing and LAPD fault recovery – External clock synchronisation – Over-Voltage Protection with OVPT

Abis link media: – Wire – Fiber optic – Micro-Wave

Fault procedures: – Automatic Recovery procedure of faulty objects in BTS – Online RF Loopback

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

1.2 Technical Data

The BS-240/241 family with 24 transceivers can be supplied in the following versions: – A BS-240 for indoor installation. – A BS-241 for outdoor installation (also equipped with: integrated power supply,

battery, microwave equipment, integrated link equipment, heat exchangerand cross connector). BS-240/241 consist in a split BTS architecture, with:

- 1 Base Rack

- Up to 2 Extension Racks

- Up to 2 Service Racks (Service1 or Service2).

Characteristics BS-240 (indoor) BS-241 (outdoor)

Max. TRX per BTSE 24 24 (in more than one Rack) Max. TRX per cell 24 24 (in more than one Rack)

Information

Base Station System

Dimensions (mm) (HxWxD) 1600x600x450 (5’3”x2’x1’6”) 1750x700x650 (5’9”x2’4”x2’2”) (Base Racks) (incl. Plinth) Volume net 432 l 705 l

796 l (incl. Plinth) Maximum power consumption 1600 W 1750 W Weight of Basic Rack empty ca.60 kg (132 Lbs) ca.60 kg (132 Lbs) Weight of Shelter empty ca.110 kg (242 Lbs) Weight of Service1 Rack equipped with: - 1 Frame AC/DC incl. 6 AC/DC Modules (ca. 27 kg/60 Lbs)

- 1 Frame for Battery incl. 1Battery (48V / 85 Ah) (ca. 140 kg/309 Lbs)

-1 Mounting Kitfor Link Equipmentincl. 1 Frame NTPM, Frame for Fan Unit and two FAN's (ca. 16 kg/ 35 Lbs)

- 1 Rack (ca. 60 kg/132 Lbs) Sum: ca. 243 kg (536 Lbs)

Weight of Service1 Rack equipped with: - 2 Frames AC/DC and

- 2 Frames for Battery Not possible: max. 3 Frames pro Rack / Shelter can be equipped.

Weight of Service1 Rack equipped with: - 1 Frame AC/DC incl. 6 AC/DC Modules (ca. 27 kg/60 Lbs)

-1 Mounting Kitfor Link Equipmentincl. 2 Frame NTPM, Frame for Fan Unit and two FAN's (ca. 21 kg/46 Lbs)

- 1 Rack (ca. 60kg/132 Lbs) Sum: ca. 108 kg (238 Lbs)

Weight of Frame: Frame with Battery ca. 140 kg (309 Lbs)

FrameAC/DC with 6 AC/DC Modules ca. 27 kg (60 Lbs) Frame with 4 CU's and 2 MUCO's ca. 40 kg (88 Lbs) Frame with 4 ACOM's ca. 40 kg (88 Lbs)) 1 HEX ca. 5.6 kg (12 Lbs)

Tab. 1.1 Technical Data

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Information Base Station System

Characteristics BS-240 (indoor) BS-241 (outdoor)

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

Temperature range (˚C) -5 °C to +55 °C

+23 °F to +131 °F

Tab. 1.1 Technical Data

Frequency-Band Uplink (MHz) Downlink (MHz)

GSM 850 824.2 - 848.8 869.2 - 893.8 P-GSM 900 (Primary) 890.2 - 914.8 935.2 - 959.8 E-GSM 900 (Extension) 880.2 - 914.8 925.2 - 959.8 R-GSM 900 (Railway) 876.2 - 914.8 921.2 - 959.8 GSM-RE 900 (Railway Extension) 876.2 - 901.0 921.2 - 946.0 GSM 1800 1710.2 -1784.8 1805.2 -1879.8 GSM 1900 1850.2 -1909.8 1930.2 -1989.8

Tab. 1.2 Frequency Bands

-45 °C to +50 °C

-49 °F to +122 °F

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

2 Hardware Architecture

The BS-240/241 is designed to achieve commonality of boards to serve both GSM 850, GSM 900 with its different deviates (GSM 1800, GSM 1900) and standards selected for mobile communication systems. Moreover, the architecture of BS-240/241 provides maximum flexibility to develop large and small BTSs which havesimilar costs per TRX.

Fig. 2.1 shows the Base Rack Cabinets.

Information

Base Station System

Fig. 2.1 BS-240 Indoor Cabinet and BS-241 Outdoor Cabinet (Base Racks)

The BTS functional blocks of the BS-240/241 are shown in Fig. 2.2

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Information Base Station System

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

Cell 0

Cell 1

TMA

DUBIAS

TMA

Base Rack

DUAMCO

H P D U

RXCA0

FICOM

DIAMCO

FICOM

4xTX

RXDIV

4xTX

RXCA1

RXDIV

4xTX

RXDIV

CU 0

CU 7

CU 0

CC-Links

ACTC

2 PCM

COBA

COSA

FAN

Ext. Sync.

2 PCM

4 PCM

to next ext. rack

ACTM

DCP

Extension Rack

O V P

Abis

Sync.

Abis

4xTX

Cascading

DIAMCO

RXDIV

CU 7

Service Rack

ACP

AC/DC

DCBCTRL

BATTERY

AC/DC

DCBCTRL

BATTERY

* not present in case of BTSE with reduced number of fan

FAN

CAN BUS

DCP

ACTC

LE 0

ACTC

ACTP

DCP

LE 1

ACTP

Fig. 2.2 Functional Blocks of the BS-240/241

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

AC/DC AC/DC converter DCBCTRL DC and Battery Controller ACP AC Panel DCP DC Panel ACTC Alarm Collection Terminal Connection module DIAMCO DI(2) Amplifier Multi Coupler ACTM Optional Alarm Collection Terminal for Master Rack DUAMCO Duplex Amplifier Multicoupler ACTP Alarm Collection Terminal for Slave Rack FICOM Filter Combiner CAN Controller Area Network HPDU High Power Duplexer COBA Core Basis (COBA2P8) LE Link Equipment COSA Core Satellite (COSA6P16) TMA Tower Mounted Amplifier CU Carrier Unit

The architecture of BS-240/241 provides maximum flexibility to develop large and small BTSs.

The BS-240/241 mainly consists of: – carrier oriented boards called carrier unit (CU), – core boards (COSA, COBA) and – combining equipment

Up to 8PCM linescan beconnected to the core boards. In order to provide cost effective solutions, the core boards are scalable (COBA, COSA). In addition, also the BTS itself is scalable. It is possible to connect up to 2 Extension Racks to a Base Rack.

The main communication between the modules is provided by means of bi-directional serial link communications between the carrier units (CU) and the core boards. The serial link also provides an effective means to realize baseband frequency hopping. Despite the fact that synchronization information is also transported via the serial links, no differential length constraints apply for the lines of the serial link.

All alarms, beside the alarms that are generated in the core and in the CU boards, are transported via theCAN bus. Alarms of the CU boards are transmitted via CC-Link.Core boards use their interface bus.

The carrier unit(s) provide all analog and digital signal processing including a RF power stage necessary to process a single carrier (e.g., GSM 8 TCHs). The carrier unit(s) interface with the combining equipment on the one side and with the core modules on the other. The core boards provide functions common to all carriers within the BS-240/241 (e.g., clock generation, O&M processing,...) as well as LAPD processing for the different carriers.

Base Station System

Information

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Page 17

Information Base Station System

2.1 Board Redundancy

2.1.1 AC/DC

2.1.2 Core

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

Redundancy in the SBS ensures survival of the system even in the event of multiple failures. Modular architecture, in conjunction with the concept of split functions, guarantees maximum survivability with a minimum of additional hardware.

Up to 6 AC/DC converters can be equipped in the service1 Rack which provide N+1 redundancy. AC/DC converters work in load sharing, but n AC/DC are able to supply the whole BS-240/241.

The Core can consist of up to 2 (without redundancy) or up to 4 (with redundancy) boards, which have a common backplane. The block diagram depicts the 2n CORE redundancy and the embedding of the active and the passive CORE into the BTS, and the interrelation of both COREs.

SELIC

BISON

FALC

ABIS

CAN

LMT

Fig. 2.3 Redundant COREs and their Interfaces

Both COREs (COBA0/COSA0 and COBA1/COSA1) have link interfaces to the ABIS lines, but only one (the active CORE) can be connected.

On the backplane of the BTS, one connector provides a link of the LMT to the current active CORE. In the case of a CORE switch over, the switch logic switches that connector to the new active CORE. The same holds for the CAN bus (alarm bus), i.e., both COREs have the same CAN bus address where at any time at most one CORE is an active CAN bus node.

Both the active and the passive CORE have links to the carrier units (CU); in reverse, each CU is linked with both COREs. The traffic data are transmitted transparently through the active CORE. Signal processing takes place only within the CUs.

The endpoints of each link are built up by SELIC ASICs (note: one SELIC contains double functionality), where on the CU, one SELICserves two COREs. In thecase of a

SELIC SELIC SELIC

RD Interf.

µP

Switch

Logic

Route Clock

CLK

CORE 0

SELIC

Redundancy Link

Switch Logic Link

Route Clock

(Frame Sync)

Interf.

Switch

Logic

CLK

SELICSELIC

µP

Route Clock

CORE 1

SELIC

BISON

FALC

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Page 18

Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

switch over, the SELICs on the active CORE are disabled by the switch logic and the SELICs on the passive one are enabled. The SELICs on the CORE have to know whether they are on the active or on the passive CORE. For this reason the SELICs need a active/passive pin, which is served by the redundancy switch logic. When a switch over occurs, the switch logic sets the active/passive pin of the former active SELICs to "passive" and that of the former passive SELICs to "active".

The SELICs on the CUs have to recognize automatically which link comes from the active CORE and which link from the passive one, i.e. it has to recognise a CORE switch over by itself.

The RD interface (redundancy interface) is realized as a 2 Mbit/s HDLC link which provides a communication interface between the two main processors (mP).

The switch logic is a flip-flop distributed over the two COREs. It manages the HW part of a switch over and enables the COREs to know about their states as active/passive.

The CLK of the active CORE is connected with the one on the passive CORE. It allows the passive CLK to be synchronized to the active one.

NOTE: the redundancy is implemented in a cold-standby mode, i.e., all calls will get lost if a CORE switch over occurs.

Information

Base Station System

2.2 Power Ampliﬁer Output Level (typical values)

Modulation Output Power

(dBm)

GSM 900 CUGV3 GMSK 47.3 53.7 GSM 900 CUGV4 GMSK 47.3 53.7 GSM 1800 CUDV3 / CUDV4 GMSK 45.7 37.1 GSM 1900 CUPV4 GMSK 45.7 37.1

GSM 900 GCUGV2 GMSK 47.3 53.7 GSM 1800 GCUDV2 GMSK 47.3 53.7

GSM 850 ECU 850 HPV2 GMSK 48.3 67.6 “ “ “ “ 8PSK 46.3 42.7 GSM 850 ECU 850 V3 GMSK 48.3 67.6 “ “ “ “ 8PSK 46.3 42.7 GSM 900 ECU GV3 GMSK 48.3 67.6

Output Power

(Watt)

“ “ “ “ 8PSK 46.3 42.7 GSM 1800 ECU DV2 GMSK 47.3 53.7 “ “ “ “ 8PSK 45.3 33.9 GSM 1800 ECU DHPV3 GMSK 48.3 67.6

Tab. 2.1 Power Ampliﬁer Output Level

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Information Base Station System

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

“ “ “ “ 8PSK 45.3 33.9 GSM 1900 ECU PV2 GMSK 47.3 53.7 “ “ “ “ 8PSK 45.3 33.9 GSM 1900 ECU PHPV2 GMSK 48.3 67.6 “ “ “ “ 8PSK 45.3 33.9 GSM 1900 ECU PHPV3 GMSK 48.3 67.6 “ “ “ “ 8PSK 45.3 33.9

Tab. 2.1 Power Ampliﬁer Output Level

Carrier Unit (CU )

GSM 900: minimum guaranteed output power CU = 50 Watt tolerance value: 47.0 dBm

- 47.6 dBm (50 W - 57.5 W); GSM1800, GSM1900: minimumguaranteed outputpower CU = 34 Watt tolerance value: 45.3 dBm - 46.0 dBm (34 W - 39.5 W). The mentioned data are guaranteed from Module Factory Test only. The typical output power at CU output is for: GSM 900: 47,3 dBm GSM 1800: 45.7 dBm To verify the typical output power values in fieldmeasurements, the tolerance value of the used measurement equipment, environmental conditions and GSM 05.05 specifications have to be considered.

Modulation Output Power

(dBm)

Output Power

(Watt)

Carrier Unit (GCU )

GSM 900: minimum guaranteed output power GCU = 50 Watt (GSMK); GSM 1800:

minimum guaranteed output power GCU = 50 Watt (GSMK). The GSM 1800 variant of the GCU V2 offers higher output power than the corresponding CU (about 15 Watt): the increased output power of the GSM 1800 GCU V2, has to be taken into consideration in the radio network planning.

EDGE Carrier Unit (ECU )

GSM 850, GSM 900: minimum guaranteed output power ECU = 63 Watt (GMSK) / 40

Watt (8PSK); GSM 1800, GSM 1900: minimum guaranteed output power ECU = 50 Watt (GMSK) / 32 Watt (8PSK). The mentioned data are guaranteed from Module Factory Test only.

2.3 Rack Conﬁguration

The BS-240/241 family, with 8 transceivers per Rack, which is expandable up to 24 transceivers in 3 Racks and can be supplied in two versions: – a BS-240 for indoor installation, and – a BS-241 for outdoor installation (also equipped with integrated link equipment,

Battery Backup and a cooling system).

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Page 20

Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

There are 4 different types of Rack: – Base Rack/Shelter (with Core modules) – Extension Rack/Shelter (for more then 8 CU’s) – Service1 Rack/Shelter (with AC/DC modules) – Service2 Rack/Shelter (for LE and batteries)

It is possible to connect up to 3 Racks/Shelters together (1 Base Rack, 2 Extension Racks; the more possible Racks/Shelters called Service Rack/Shelter are not part of a Rack Extension in the proprietary sense) that realizes then the performance of a 24 TRX BTSE as shown in Fig. 2.4 and Fig. 2.5:

Information

Base Station System

SIEMENS

ACOM

CU 2

CU 0

FAN 0

ACOM

FAN 2

CU 3

FAN 4 *

ACOM

MUCO 1

MUCO 0

DC-PANEL

ACT-C

FAN 1

ACOM

FAN 3

FAN 5*

CU 4

CU 7

BS-240

SIEMENS

ACOM

CU 2

FAN 0

FAN 2

CU 3

FAN 4*

CU 1

ACOM

MUCO

DC-PANEL

ACT-C

FAN 1

ACOM

FAN 3

MUCO

FAN 5*

BS-240

CU 7

CU 5

SIEMENS

ACOM

CU 2

FAN 0

FAN 2

FAN 4*

ACOM

MUCO

DC-PANEL

ACT-C

FAN 1

ACOM

FAN 3

MUCO

FAN 5*

CU 4

BS-240

CU 7

COSA

COBA

COSA

COBA

* not present in case of BTSE with reduced number of fans

Fig. 2.4 BS-240 Base Rack and 2 Extension Racks

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Page 21

Information Base Station System

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

SIEMENS

CU 0

ACOM

FAN 0

CU 1

FAN 2

CU 3

FAN 4*

ACOM

COBA

COSA

COBA

MUCO 0

ACOM

DC-PANEL

ACT-C

FAN 1

CU 4

COSA

FAN 3

MUCO 1

FAN 5*

ACOM

CU 5

CU 7

BS-241

SIEMENS

CU 2

ACOM

FAN 0

CU 1

FAN 2

FAN 4*

ACOM

DC-PANEL

MUCO 1

MUCO 0

ACOM

ACT-C

FAN 1

CU 4

FAN 3

FAN 5*

ACOM

CU 5

CU 7

BS-241

SIEMENS

CU 0

ACOM

FAN 0

CU 1

FAN 2

FAN 4*

ACOM

DC-PANEL

MUCO 1

MUCO 0

ACOM

ACT-C

FAN 1

CU 4

FAN 3

FAN 5*

ACOM

BS-241

CU 5

CU 7

* not present in case of BTSE with reduced number of fans

Fig. 2.5 BS-241 Base Rack and 2 Extension Racks

Fig. 2.7 shows the max possible configurations. The Base Rack and the Extension

Racks can be located physically in any position. The Service Rack (see Fig. 2.6 for possible configuration) satisfies various applications

depending on number of CU units configured and/or number and kind of Network termination equipment provided and the Battery Backup time required.

All AC/DC frames are housed in the same Service Rack thus there are two basic kinds of the Service Rack, one being connected to the AC mains (Service1 Rack) and one being connected to DC only (Service2 Rack).

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Page 22

Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

Information

Base Station System

SIEMENS

D C B C T R L

DC-PANEL

FAN 0

AC/

AC + DC Distribution

FAN 2

AC/

AC + DC Distribution

DC 02

AC/ DC 12

DC 03

AC/ DC 13

ACT-C

FAN 1

AC/ DC 04

FAN 3

AC/ DC 14

AC/ DC 05

AC/ DC 15

SIEMENS

1/4

Battery

Set

FAN 0

LE 0 LE 1

LE 2 LE 3 LE 4 LE 5

DC-PANEL

ACT-C

FAN 1

1/4

Battery

Set

1/4

Battery

Set

1/4

Battery

Set

1/4

Battery

Set Set

1/4

Battery

Fig. 2.6 Possible Configuration of Service1 Rack and Service2 Rack

On the digital side there is an extension of the CC links (connection between Core Backplane and the CU’s not housed in the Base Rack) and the CAN Bus. The CAN Bus connection cannot be shown in the right way because it strongly depends on the number of Extension and Service Racks present.

On the RF side there is an extension in the RX path only for omni and specific sector cell (e.g., 5/5/5) configurations and diversity reception with more than 8 TRX. Thus a maximum of 2 RF cables (cascading) are connected between two Racks. There is no TX combining over Rack borders thus the TRXs of different Racks is combined on air only. Some configurations are not possible with 2 Racks only e.g., 5/5/5 with FICOM because of the number of available ACOM slots.

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Page 23

Information Base Station System

Service2 Rack

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

Service1 Rack

Base Rack

Extension Rack

Fig. 2.7 BS-240/241 fully Equipped with 24 Carriers

For the BS-241 outdoor cabinet only one type of the Shelter exists to be used for all outdoor Base Shelter, Extension Shelters, Service1 and Service2 Shelters.

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Page 24

Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

3 Description of Modules

Information

Base Station System

Core modules: COBA COSA

Carrier related modules: CUx ECUx

Antenna system modules: DUAMCO2x DUAMCO4x DUAMCO8x DIAMCOx FICOMBx FICOMXx TMAx HPDUx

Alarm collection modules: ACTC (part of DC-Panel) ACTM ACTP

Name Freq.

Var.

no Up to 8PCM lineswith COBAand COSA Core basis Core satellite

Carrier unit yes Carrierunit and EDGE carrier unitcan be

yes Antenna system modules can be Duplexer 2:2 Duplexer 4:2 Duplexer 8:2 Diversity multi coupler Filter combiner (base) Filter combiner (extension) Tower mounted amplifier High power duplexer

Alarm collection terminals no ACTCis equipped inevery Rack/Shelter.

equipped (COBA and COSA can be equipped only in the Base Rack/Shelter).

equipped only in the Base and Extension Racks/Shelters (see also section 2.2)

equipped only in the Base and Extension Racks/Shelters. DIAMCO, FICOM and HPDU are not available for the GSM 1900 band. DUAMCO 2:2, DUAMCO 4:2 and HPDU working in shifted primary GSM band are available. A Diplexer can be used in all cases where GSM 900 and GSM 1800, GSM 1900 or GSM 850 and GSM 1800, GSM 1900 Feeder Cables have to be installed in parallel.

ACTM can be equipped only in the Base Rack/Shelter. ACTP can be equipped in the Extension or Service Racks/Shelters.

Remarks

Power supply modules: AC/DC DCBCTRL

OVPT OVPTCOAX ABISCON

Abis Link Equipment: LE

Tab. 3.1 Units and Modules

AC/DC converter DC battery controller

Over voltage protection and tracer. Abis Connection Module

Link Equipment no Link Equipment can be equipped only in

no AC/DC controller used for AC power can

be equipped only in the Service1 Rack/Shelter). Supervision of the AC/DC converter and ofthe connected Battery systems(only in Service1 and Service2 Racks/Shelters).

no 100 Ω / 120 Ω symmetric line

75 Ω coaxial line. The OVPT is an optional feature. ABISCON can be installed only as alternative to the OVPT

Service1 and Service2 Racks/Shelters

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Page 25

Information Base Station System

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

Name Freq.

Var.

Cover Parts: CP:ACOM CP:CU CP:AC/DC CP:DIAMCO CP:COBA, COSA CP:ACT CP:HEX

Battery Backup Battery systems no upto 4 Battery systems can be equipped

Fan Central Fan unit no for forced convection cooling Heater:

HEX Single Heater Frame Compact Rack no Base, Extension, Service1 and Service2 Shelter Shelter of the Cabinet no Base, Extension, Service1 and Service2

Tab. 3.1 Units and Modules

Cover Parts have to be inserted if the respective active module is not needed in a configuration

no the air flow inside the Frame or Shelter is

not affected

(only in the Service1 or Service2 RackShelters)

no Heater can be equipped in all typer of

Shelters

with HEX

Remarks

3.1 Core (COBA and COSA)

The Core has the following tasks inside the BTSE: – local controlling of the entire BTSE – generating of system clocks – providing of up to 8 Abis-interfaces to BSC or other BTSEs – routing of Abis-data to up to 24 CUs – providing an interface to the LMT/OMT – handling and processing of O&M-messages

Therefore, the Core can consist of up to 2 (without redundancy) or up to 4 (with redundancy) boards, which have a common backplane. The following picture gives an idea of the slot-configurations:

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Page 26

Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

Information

Base Station System

Base Rack

OVPT

Backplane

COBA

2 Abis

SELIC

COSA COBA red.

6 Abis

SELIC

2 Abis

SELIC

COSA red

6 Abis

SELIC

Fig. 3.1 Backplane Slot Configuration of Core

Extension Racks

CABLES

Plugs

Abis

CUs

8 8 8

other

interfaces

For a configuration with less or equal 2 PCM30/24-interfaces and no Extension Rack one COBA-board is required. The second slot can be used (by adding 1 COSA Board) for an expansion of the BTSE up to 8 Abis and 24 CU-interfaces or it can be used for future expansions, e.g.a GPS-Receiver for synchronization, better frequency-standards or other Abis interfaces than PCM30/24 (e.g., SDH, ATM).

The connection of Abis and CU-interfaces of the Core to the OVPT/Abis-interface and the CUs is done via cables, which are plugged into the backplane.

The CU-interfaces of the Core and its redundancy are routed with separated wires via the backplane and cables to the CUs (2 interfaces on one CU required).

The Abis interface ports of the Core and its redundancy ports can only be switched to the same wires. Only one transceiver at the same time is allowed to be switched to the same wires (no simultaneous transmitting/receiving of Core and its redundancy on the same Abis-port possible).

To find the physical place of a Abis-interface/CU out of the logical/memory-map address, appropriate configuration-rules are created and considered.

Two Core-boards, COBA2P8 (see section 3.1.1) and COSA6P16 (see section 3.1.2), are developed. The first digit gives the number of Abis-Interfaces, the following letter the kind of Abis-interface (e.g. P for PCM30/24), and the following number the number of CU-interfaces, e.g., COSA6P16 (6 PCM30/24 Abis-interfaces, 16 CU interfaces).

Hot Plug-in: A Hot Plug-in of the Core-boards (COBA and COSA) is possible. This means, that these boards can be plugged in/out with voltage switched on and no other

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Page 27

Information Base Station System

3.1.1 Core Basis (COBA2P8)

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

HW inside the Rack is disturbed (no loss of data on other boards) or a board is destroyed.

A COBA-board can only be pulled out, if before the COSA-board is pulled out

After plug-in of a Core-board, this board is in the reset-state and all bus-drivers of external busses are in tristate. These drivers shall be enabled not before initialization of the devices, which serve the external busses.

The COBA is the central board of the core. The functionality of the advanced clock generation (ACLK) and the base core controller (BCC) of the entire BTSE are integrated. Additionally two PCM30/24 Abis-interfaces are available on the COBA2P8.

The controller maintains the SW of all BTSE units in FLASH-EPROMs, supervises the SW download and terminates all internal systemalarms. Beside the O&Mfunctions the controller handles the signalling messages between BSC (Abis) and CUs (CC-Link). For interface and feature extensions the COBA can be expanded with one satellite (COSA).

To fulfill the CORE redundancyaspects, the COBAboard with its satellite COSA board can be duplicated. In this case, one CORE (COBA+COSA) is "providing service" and works as the master and the other CORE is "cold standby" or is "disabled" if HW problems have occurred. The redundancy switch is controlled by the COBA board. Special links are provided for information exchange between the two board sets.

SESA OASI RDL

TPC

LMT/OTP LAPD

SMC2 SMC1 SMC4 SMC3 SMC2

TSA-SCC1

SRAM 16MB

SAT-Interface

DC/DC Converter

LOGIC

BCC

SIU

FLASH 3 X 8MB

RDL

ACLK

CAN

WATCH

DOG

CAN-BUS, ALARMs

EEPROMs

I/O

A/D-Conv.

LEDs, Redundancy Control,

MUX

CU_DC_OFF ect.

BISON

SELIC

CU CU

SELIC-BUS

Abis1

Abis2

BISON-BUS

Route clock

ext CLK sync

A30808-X3247-L14-2-7618

Fig. 3.2 COBA2P8 Block Diagram

The ACLK generates the system specific timing signals which are distributed by SELICs to the CUs. Fig. 3.3 shows the structure of the ACLK function.

Page 28

Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

Information

Base Station System

reference clock to redundant ACLK

reference clock input

TOP

tracking

oscillator

processor

controlled

master sync input from redundant ACLK

LTG

loadable timing generator

Fig. 3.3 Structure of ACLK Function

reference

clock

divider master

clock

divider

2 4 8

4096

N C

1966080 master counter BCC Interface

The tracking oscillator TOP synchronizes the oven controlled VCXO to the selected frequency reference source. The TOP is realized as a phase/frequency lockedloop. The regulation parameters (P and I constant) are variable by SW. Also, the regulating algorithmis implementedby SW. The output clockof theoscillator is called the master clock.

The cut-off frequency of the TOP depends directly on the pulling gradient of the used OCVCXO. Since the ACLK has to synchronize to jittered lines the scattering of the cut-off frequency is very critical. The cut-off frequency has to choose very low to eliminate lowest frequency wander and is therefore near the range of the temperature’s cut-off frequency. To guarantee less deviation of the required cut-off frequency also with components from different manufactures (2nd and 3rd source), the OCVCXO is calibrated on the COBA in the factory. The pulling gradient is measured against an atomic clock and the calibration values is stored on COBA in a serial EEPROM. With Uncalibrated ACLKs must not be installed in the field. This can be achieved by the software which should check whether the ACLK is calibrated or not.

In case of redundancy switch-overs no warm up and only a short synchronization phase (because of effects at the switch-over) of the redundant ACLK is necessary.

The loadable timing generation hardware LTG is implemented in a FPGA device, which can be loaded by the BCC with the current hardware function. In this stage, all necessary system clocks and the master sync pulse are generated. Also, the master counter is realized. The count value of the master counter is fed via a serial interface to the SELIC. In active redundancy mode, the master sync pulse is forwarded to the standby ACLK. In standby redundancy mode, the generator is synchronized with the master sync pulse coming from the active ACLK function. So both redundant ACLKs generate their clocks in aligned. If necessary, a very fast redundancy switch-over is possible.

The FPGA isconfigured after a power-on reset from the BCC. Until the configurationhas finished, no output clocks are available, i.e., a communication via Abis or CUs is not

phase/

frequency

detector

BCC interface

16,384 MHz

8,192 MHz 4,096 MHz

2,048 MHz

60 ms

8 kHz

OCVCXO

32, 768 MHz

SYNC

Driver Stage

master sync to redundant ACLK

master clock

system clocks

master sync

master counts

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Information Base Station System

3.1.2 Core Satellite (COSA6P16)

PCMport1

PCMport2 PCMport3

PCMport4 PCMport5

PCMport6

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

possible. The communication path from the LMT to the BCC is not affected, i.e., a SW-download via the LMT is possible.

The COSA6P16 board (COSA6P16) has the following characteristic: – 6 PCM30/24-interfaces for Abis – 16 CU-interfaces

The board is controlled from the COBA via the SAT-interface (satellite-interface; 32bit data). Fig. 3.4 shows a block diagram of the COSA6P16:

OVPT

FALC54 for PCM30/24

OVPT

FALC54 for PCM30/24

OVPT

FALC54 for PCM30/24

BISON

RCLK1-6

CLKX1-6

SELIC SELIC SELIC

SELIC

SELIC SELIC

CUs

Working Clocks

DC/DC

Converter

Route

SAT-Interface

(32bit data)

BISON

BUS

Fig. 3.4 COSA6P16 Block Diagram

The key-element of the PCM-interfaces is the FALC (Framing and Line Interface Component for PCM30 and PCM24). It has the following tasks: – analogue receive and transmit circuitry for PCM30 and PCM24 – data- and clock-recovery – frame alignment/synthesis – line-supervision – timing-adaptation to BISON

Data arriving from the Abis-Interface via a PCM-port can be switched non-blocking and bitwise (8 kbit/s andnx8kbit/s data-rate possible) with the BISON to another PCM-Port or via a SELIC to a CU.

The Route-Clocks of one FALC can be switched with the Route-Clock multiplexer to the COBA for synchronization purposes. The COSA6P16 gets its working-clocks from the COBA.

Clock

Preselector

Route

Clocks

SELIC SELIC

Interfaces to COBA

Real-Time BUS (Hopping) Non-Real-Time BUS (O&M)

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

The COSA6P16 is switched with relays to the PCM-lines. In case of failures, the PCM-port 1(3)(5) and 2(4)(6) can be connected with each other via appropriate relays.

There is a power-on device on the COSA6P16, which generates a reset at power-on (board-reset). Via a line, the COSA6P16 can be reset from the COBA (board-reset). Additionally, single devices on the COSA6P16 can be reset from the COBA via the SAT-interface.

3.2 Carrier Unit (CU)

The Carrier Unit (CU) takes care for all carrier oriented tasks. In the uplink (UL) direction two RF signals (diversity) are received and finally converted into TRAU frames and signalling data. In the downlink (DL) direction, TRAU frames and signalling data are received and converted into a GMSK modulated RF signal, which is amplified to the desired power level.

The CU consists of following sub-units:

• Power Ampliﬁer and Transceiver Unit (PATRX)

• Signal Processing Unit (SIPRO)

• Power Supply Unit (PSU)

There are four variants of CU for the frequency bands GSM 850, R-GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900. The differences of the variants arise mainly on the sub-unit PATRX.

Information

Base Station System

Rx inputs

Tx output

Display

Test PC/OMT, SCC,

Layer 1 Trace, JTAG, PID, Vcce Loop

PATRX

PSU

Fig. 3.5 Carrier Unit Block Diagram

Power Amplifier and Transceiver Unit (PATRX)

PATRX provides the main analogue functions of the CU: – receives the two (diversity) RF signals from the antenna combining equipment and

converts them down to IF. The downconverted RF signals are then transmitted to SIPRO where they are sampled and digitally downconverted to baseband.

– receives the GMSK modulated signal from the SIPRO. The signal is then I/Q modu-

lated, upconverted, levelled, power ampliﬁed and transmitted to the antenna

combining equipment. – supports the synthesizer frequency hopping – provides an RF loop between downlink and uplink path for the unit test of the CU

The power control loop implements 6 static power steps (each 2 dB) and additional 15 dynamic power levels (each 2 dB). For low output power versions of the CU, a further reduction of 2 dB is provided.

SIPRO

CC-Link

-48V DC

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Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

Rx input

(diversity)

Tx output

RXFEM

RXFED

RXLO

to SIPRO for

downconversion

to baseband

LCLK from SIPRO

LTL

TXLO

PWSTG

MODUP

PWRDET

Fig. 3.6 PATRX Block Diagram

The functional sub-unit PATRX consists of three PCBs: – RXA: Analogue receiver board with modules RXFEM, RXFED, RXLO and LTL – TXA: Analogue transmitter board with modules MODUP, TXLO, PWRDET – PWRSTG: Power stage including heat sink

RF Control

from SIPRO

GMSK modulated

signal from SIPRO

TXBB

from SIPRO

Signal Processing Unit (SIPRO)

The SIPRO-Board is a part of the Carrier Unit. It contains all digital functions of the carrier unit namely

• Signal Processing in uplink and downlink

• Control of RF on PATRX

• Baseband and synthesizer hopping

• Channel Control

• Radio Link Control

• O&M parts relevant for carrier unit

• Link to Core via CC link

Additionally, following analogue functions are located on SIPRO:

• Analogue to digital conversion (IF)

• Digital to analogue conversion (baseband)

• Local clock of CU

Due to the analogue functions, SIPRO is specific for the different frequency variants. There are two types of SIPROs (one for GSM 850, GSM 900, onefor GSM 1800, GSM

1900).

Fig. 3.7 illustrates the principal data flow on SIPRO:

– receives two (diversity!) IF signals from the receiver, then analogue to digital conver-

sion takes place. The next step is digital downconversionto base band and ﬁltering. The output of the ﬁlter is equalized. The soft decisions from the equalizer then are deciphered. The deciphered data stream is processed by the decoder. After decoding (including bad frame indication), the data stream is packed into TRAU

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

frames and sent to TRAU.Signalling data (e.g., FACCH)are processed by layer 3 of

BTS software – receives the TRAUframes orsignalling data. The TRAUframes areunformatted and

sent to the coder. After encoding, data are ciphered. Now, baseband hopping takes

place.Training sequence isinsertedto the data received via the hopping bus.These

bursts are sent to the GMSK modulator. This stream is converted into an analogue

baseband signal leaving the SIPRO – parallel to the data stream the PLLs for synthesizer hopping are programmed.

Therefore, both for uplink and downlink, a data stream to the PLLs is generated.

Information

Base Station System

diversity

Hopping PLL

Central

Hopping PLL

Control

Digital Down-

Conversion

GMSK

Modulation

Fig. 3.7 Principal Data Flow on SIPRO

Power Supply Unit (PSU)

The PSU is the DC/DC converter for the CU for all applications. The PSU generates the voltages +26/28V, +6V (only GSM 1800, GSM 1900), +12V, +5.3V and -5.3V for the analogue circuitry and +3.35V for the digital circuitry from a -48V primary input voltage. The PSU is mechanically incorporated in the CU.

Equalization

Uplink

Downlink

Deciphering Decoding

Ciphering

Coding

TRAU Frame

Formatting

Signalling

TRAU Frame Deformatting

Signalling

3.3 EDGE Carrier Unit

The ECU unit is a modified CU using the same interfaces as CU but supporting EDGE functionality in uplink and downlink. In downlink direction, the signalling and traffic data are received from the Core and converted into GMSK or EDGE modulated signal, which is amplified to the desired power level. With thef EDGE it is possible to mix EDGE and non EDGE timeslots on the same carrier.

The ECU carries two independent receivers (normal and diversity channel) to provide the antenna diversity function. In uplink direction, the received signal is converted to IF-band. The IF-band is converted to a digital GMSK/8PSK-signal. The 8PSK is a linear modulation, where three consecutive bits are mapped to symbol as shown in Tab. 3.2

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Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

Modulating bits Symbol

(1,1,1) 0 (0,1,1) 1 (0,1,0) 2 (0,0,0) 3 (0,0,1) 4 (1,0,1) 5 (1,0,0) 6 (1,1,0) 7

Tab. 3.2 GMSK/8PSK Linear Modulation With the 8PSK modulation, the payload/burst is three times more.

The mechanical design of ECU is identical to that of CU versions. ECU and CU modules may be installed in any kind of mixed configurations concerning

BS-240/241 hardware (Base/Extension Racks). Further, any cell/sector configuration with a mixture of EDGE CU and “normal CUs” can be implemented.

The EDGE Carrier Unit (ECU) takes care for all carrier oriented tasks of the BTS. In uplink (UL) direction, two RF signals (diversity) are received and finally converted into TRAU frames and signalling data. In downlink (DL) direction, TRAU frames and signalling data are received and converted into a GMSK or EDGE modulated RF signal, which is amplified to the desired power level. A BTS Rack can be equipped by any combination of ECU and CU.

Smart Adaptive Filtering

The ECU receiver has a smart adaptive filter function. Depending on the level of a co-channel interference source, the receive signal passes through an adaptive filter with variable bandwidth.

The filter bandwidth narrows with increasing interferencelevel, allowingfor bestreceiver performance under a variety of traffic conditions. The quality of service (QoS) in the uplink greatly benefits from this feature, which can efficiently match with adaptive filtering in the mobile station receiver.

Functional Structure of the EDGE Carrier Unit

The ECU unit is a new developed and enhanced CU unit which supports the GMSK and 8PSK Modulation in uplink and downlink. It is a HW compatible to the CU unit and fits into the BTSplus Rack. A functional description of the whole receive and transmit path including the EDGE Carrier Unit and the antenna combining equipment can be found below.

The ECU (Fig. 3.8) consists of following functional subunits: Power Amplifier and Transceiver Unit (EPATRX) Signal Processing Unit (ESIPRO) EDGE Power Supply Unit (EPSU)

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Information

Base Station System

Fig. 3.8 EPATRX and ESIPRO Function Block Diagram

EDGE Power Amplifier and Tranceiver Unit ( EPATRX)

EPATRX provides the main analog functions of the CU. In uplink direction, two (diversity) preamplified and filtered RF signals are received from the antenna combining equipment. These signals are down converted to IF and channel filtered in the RXFE stage. The IF signals are then transmitted to ESIPRO, where they are sampled and digitally down converted to baseband. In downlink direction, the GMSK or 8PSK modulated signal is received from the ESIPRO, I/Q modulated and up converted by the MODUP stage, which also provides the levelling of the output power.

The obtained RFsignal is then power amplified by the module EPWRSTand transmitted to the antenna combining equipment. A part of the transmitted power is fed to the module PWRDET, which performs the power detection. This signal is used to close the digital power loop.

The Predistortion Receiver (PDRX) down converts the transmit signal to the TX-IF for the I/Q-Demodulation and adjusting the predistortion values. The transmitter is linearized by means of an adaptive digital predistortion which is applied to the baseband signals. For the introduction of the ECU,a static predistortion was choosen for linearization of the transmit path. The HW is able to do adaptive predistortion, which can be installed by SW update. EPATRX is able to support synthesizer frequency hopping by the implementation of the synthesizer modules RXLO and TXLO. The unit test of the

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Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

ECU is supported by the module LTL, which provides an RF loop between downlink and uplink path.

Signal Processing Unit (ESIPRO)

The ESIPRO-Board of the BTSPLUS is a part of the EDGE Carrier Unit. It contains the following functions of the EDGE Carrier Unit: – Signal Processing in uplink and downlink – Control of RF on EPATRX – Baseband and synthesizer frequency hopping – Channel Control – Radio Link Control – O&M parts relevant for carrier unit – Link to Core via ASIC SELIC – Digital Modulation – Predistortion signal processing – Digital part of Power control – Analog to digital conversion (RXIF) – Digital to analog conversion (TX-baseband, TX-ramping) – Analog to digital conversion (PDRX) – Analog to digital conversion of Diode voltage – Analog to digital conversion of temperature – Local clock of CU

To understand the functional structure of ESIPRO,knowledge of the principal data flow (see Fig. 3.9).

In uplink direction, an IF-signal with a frequency of more than 100 MHz arrives from ERXA at the ADC (Analog Digital Converter). The ADC output is processed by a DDC (Digital Down Converter). The DDC transforms the signal into baseband and filters the useful part of the signal. The quasi analog signal at the output of the DDC is converted into bits with reliability information (soft decisions) in the equalizer block. The soft decisions are deciphered and decoded. Traffic channels (e.g., TCH/FS) are sent via TRAU/PCU frames to TRAU/PCU. Signalling channels (e.g., SDCCH) are sent to the CORE of the BTS.In downlink direction traffic channels arrive as TRAU/PCU frames from TRAU/PCU and signaling data come from CORE. The data symbols are coded and ciphered. Afterwards base band hopping takes place via the CC link. ESIPRO sends the ciphered data to another ECU and receives data to be transmitted. The received data are modulated as GMSK or 8 PSK signals and given as a base band signal to ETXA. Both in uplink and downlink direction PLLs have to be programmed once each burst to implement synthesizer hopping.

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Information

Base Station System

Fig. 3.9 Data Flow in ESIPRO

EPSU (Power Supply Unit)

The EPSU is the DC/DC converter for the ECU for all applications. The EPSU generates the voltages +26V/+28V, +12V, +5,3V and -5,3V for the analog circuitry and +3.3V for the digital circuitry from a -48V primary input voltage. The only interface relevant change was the change of the analog bias voltage for the EPWRSTD to +12V. The EPSU is mechanically incorporated in the ECU.

The EPSU is a slightly modified version of the PSU of the GSM CU. In this document, not all Interface names are changed to EPSU. Therefore, PSU can be seen as a synchronym for EPSU in this document.

Main differences between ECU and CU

The following major changes to the CU HW were made to support the EDGE functionality:

1. NewPowerAmpliﬁerwith better linearity and approximately 3 dB higher peak power

capability

2. New power levelling concept including a digital power control loop

3. New TX-VGA and PWRDET due to new power control

4. Adaptive predistortion to linearize the transmitter

5. New module Predistortion receiver (PDRX)

6. New IQDEM (IF-sampling ADC) with higher dynamic

7. RXA adaption to new IQDEM

8. New Power Supply Unit (EPSU) with higher power capability

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3.4 GMSK Carrier Units (GCU)

3.5 Duplexer Ampliﬁer Multi Coupler (DUAMCO)

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

The GCU is a resembled ECU (the main sub-units are similar) which supports GMSK modulation only, like the CU.

GCUs and CUs differ in the RF output power value for the GSM 1800 frequency band: GCU: 53,7 W; CU: 37,1 W. There are different variants of GCUs for the frequency bands GSM 900 and GSM 1800. The types of GCU are the following:

• GCUGV2 GMSK Carrier Unit for GSM 900 MHz

• GCUDV2 GMSK Carrier Unit for GSM 1800 MHz

The DUAMCO consists of two identical modules. Each module contains a duplex filter, which combines the RX and the TX path together, to be fedto a common antenna. The DUAMCO combines 1 (see Fig. 4.2), up to 2 (see Fig. 4.3) or up to 4 (see Fig. 4.4) carriers to one antenna and consists of two branches with the following elements:

• a LNA (Low Noise Ampliﬁer) which takes care of a low system noise ﬁgure

• an attenuator (in case of installed TMAs, additional gains greater than the cable

losses must be adjusted by means of the attenuator)

• a second low noise ampliﬁer

• a power splitter which distributes the received band to the CUs (Carrier Units)

• a transmit path which consists of:

– an isolator which protects the PAs (Power Ampliﬁers) inside the CUs from each

other in order to assure the required intermodulation suppression

– a hybridcoupler which provides the referencesignal for dynamicand staticpower

control.The corresponding nottransmitted power is terminatedin a loadincluding a heat sink (for DUAMCO 4:2 and DUAMCO 8:2)

– an ASU (Antenna Supervision Unit) which is responsible for detecting certain

reﬂection factors at the antenna connector. The ASU detects the VSWR failure and generates a failure information towards the O&M (CAN bus interface). This information is subdivided in several levels with the following characteristics:

- VSWR < 2 neither generation of warning nor of an alarm

- 2 ≤ VSWR ≤ 3 generation of warning 'Antenna not Adjusted'

- VSWR > 3 generation of VSWR alarm 'Antenna Faulty'.

and a common part consisting of:

• a PDU (Power Distribution Unit) fortwo TMAs (Tower mounted Ampliﬁer) connected to the TMAs by means of an antenna feeder cable

• an O&M interface which transmits error messages to the BTS core via a slow O&M bus (CAN bus)

The DUAMCO amplifier has two different operation modes: – the AMCO mode where no TMA is used – in case a TMA is used the DUAMCO is conﬁgured in the MUCO mode

The PDU provides the DC power supply and the alarm supervision of the TMAs. Alarm monitoring is done with a signalling interface between DUAMCO and TMA, modulated onto a IF carrier at 7.86 MHz.

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

3.6 DI(=2) Ampliﬁer Multi Coupler (DIAMCO)

For the uplink direction, the DIAMCO is usedto filter and distribute the receivedsignals to the Carrier Units in one Rack. TheDIAMCO consists of two branches constitutedby: – a receive ﬁlter – a low noise ampliﬁer (LNA) which takes care of a low system noise ﬁgure – an attenuator – a second low noise ampliﬁer – a power splitter which distributes the received band to the CUs (Carrier Units)

and a common part constituted by: – aPDU (PowerDistribution Unit) for two TMAs (Towermounted Ampliﬁer) connected

to the TMAs by means of an antenna feeder cable

– anO&M interface which transmits error messages to the BTS core via a slow O&M

bus (CAN bus)

The DIAMCO RX amplifier has two different operation modes: – the AMCO mode where no TMA is used – in case a TMA is used the DIAMCO is conﬁgured in the MUCO mode

Information

Base Station System

3.7 Filter Combiner (FICOM)

With the FICOM, it is possible to combine up to 8 frequencies in downlink direction (TX) in one Rack. For the uplink direction (RX), the DIAMCO has to be used to filter and distribute the received signals to the Carrier Units. The FICOM consists of remote tunable narrowband filters (TNF). The advantage of this filter combining technique is the very low insertion loss, if e.g., 8 transmitters are combined to one antenna.

In principle, the FICOM offers the following functions:

• RF Functions: – RF Power Combining – Transmitter Spurious Signal Suppression – Isolation between inputs – Isolation output to input

• Control / Monitoring Functions: – Antenna VSWR alarm thresholds setting and status reporting – Internal Performance Monitoring – Interfacing with BTSE

• LED Display: – Antenna VSWR alarms – Tuning alarms – Presence of DC

• Lightning Protection at the RF output connector (7/16)

3.8 Tower Mounted Ampliﬁer (TMA)

The TMA connects the antenna with the BTSE in order to amplify the receive signal and pass through the transmit signal. The TMA contains two duplex filters, each on one RF connector, to separate and combinethe receive and transmit path inside the TMA. The TMA consists of: – the RX parts of the duplex ﬁlter and – the LNA (Low Noise Ampliﬁer) which takes care of a low system noise ﬁgure of the

RX part

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3.9 High Power Duplexer Unit (HPDU)

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

– the TX parts of the duplex ﬁlter The DC power for the TMA is feed into the triplexer by the PDU (Power Distribution Unit)

functionality of the DUAMCO/DIAMCO. The Encoder/Decoder units of the TMA signalling interface generate an alarm for each

TMA separately by supervising the DC current consumption of each unit. Note: When the TMA is used the DUAMCO/DIAMCO works in the so called MUCO

(multi coupler) mode. In the MUCO mode, the DUAMCO/DIAMCO mainly works as multi coupler to split the receive signal for the following CUs.

The High Power Duplexer has the task of combining the TX- and the RX-path into one antenna, in order to minimize the number of antennas when FICOM is used. The HPDU contains a duplex filter for the transmit frequency band and for the receive frequency band, but no Low Noise Amplifier in the RX path.

If the TMA shall be used together with a HPDU a so called BIAS-T (DUBIAS) for powering and signalling of the TMA is required. Up to two HPDU can be integrated on top of the Rack below the cover and also up to two HPDU could befit in the gap between the inner side wall and the Frame in the Shelter.

Note: HPDU is available for working in the P-GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM-PS 900.

3.10 DC Panel (DCP)

The DC Panel contains the circuit breakers to protect the DC power lines for the modules, the ACTP, FAN units, HEX, LE units and the ACTC where the Rack/Shelter alarms will be connected. The temperature sensor is integrated in the ACTC. The front panel of the DC Panel for the Base Rack or shelter carries the connector for the Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT).

3.11 Alarm Collection Terminal (ACT)

The Alarm Collection Terminal contains the interface to the external alarms (Operator alarms, Rack alarms, shelter alarms,...) and commands and a CAN-BUS interface to the CORE.

ACTC is part of the DC-Paneland therefore it is installed once inevery Rack/Shelter to collect all internal alarms. It has inputs for 16 internal alarms (1 Door, 6 Fans and 9 Rack/Shelter, internal alarms, which can be defined by the operator). In the Base Rack/Shelter the ACTC is direct connected to the COBA. In all other Racks/Shelters, the ACTC is connected to the ACTP.

The ACTM and ACTP contain their own DC/DC converter on board, a controller, interfaces towards the CAN-Bus and an alarm interface for 16 Rack/Shelter alarms or site inputs. ACTM has an additional interface for Operator Alarms (48 site inputs). ACTM and ACTP have a DIP Switch device to set the Rack address.

The tasks of the ACT are: – Collection of all alarms for units having no access to O&M BUS to CORE. – Collection of so-called cabinet speciﬁc alarms (Rack, Shelter). – Collection of so-called operator available alarms (Site Inputs). – Distribution of operator available commands (Site Outputs).

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– 8bit µC (80C505C) for initialization, supervision and controlling the functions of the

ACT.

– PID-EEPROM to store board data. The physical functionof the ACT is to interface the alarm and command signalsbetween

the CAN-BUS andthe alarm and command connectors. The ACT is designed to beused only one time for the Rack. So the ACT is an element without redundancy, but the BTSE is not out of service in case of a faulty ACT.

Different ACT, are available depending on the applications in the Base Rack/Shelter (ACTM) or in the Service and Extension Rack/Shelter (ACTP) as shown in Fig. 3.10.

Information

Base Station System

Temp. Superv.

6 Fan

1 Door

7 Alarms

Temp.Sens

PID

CAN-Bus Node

Controller + Interface

DCDC

ACTP

Rack1

(Extension)

ACOM

6 Fan

1 Door

CORE

7 Alarms

Alarms

Controller + Interface

CAN-Bus Node Master

48 Site Inputs 8 Site Outputs

Temp.Sens

ACOM

Rack 0 (Base)

PID

CAN-Bus Node

DCDC

Controller + Interface

ACTM

CAN-Bus

Fig. 3.10 Alarm Collection Terminal (ACTM and ACTP)

Temp. Superv.

6 Fan

1 Door

7 Alarms

Temp.Sens

PID

CAN-Bus Node

Controller + Interface

DCDC

ACTP

Rack 2

(Extension)

ACOM

Temp. Superv.

6 Fan

1 Door

ACDC

7 Alarms

Temp.Sens

PID

CAN-Bus Node

Controller + Interface

DCDC

ACTP

ACDC

Controller

Battery

Rack3

(Service1)

ACDC

Battery

Controller

ACDC

3.12 AC/DC Converter (AC/DC)

The AC/DC system consists ofone or twoFrames housed inthe Service Rack/Shelter. Each Frame provides for AC distribution, DC distribution, EMI-filter, signal distribution between rectifiers and controller board via backplane. Each AC/DC Frame contains: – up to 6 rectiﬁer modules(adapted to the actual needfor speciﬁc loads) each 720W

-48VDC (N+1 redundancy to achieve 3600W+720W)

– onecontrollerboard (DCBCTRL) forbattery supervision,rectiﬁer supervision,alarm

interface (see section 3.12.1)

– two LVD relays for Frame.

Due to the maximum ambient temperature of +55 °C (+131 °F), the DC

output power of one AC/DC module is limited to 720W. By decreasing the maximum ambient temperature to +50 °C (+122 °F), the maximum output power of one AC/DC module is increased to 800W without any change in the module or in the Frame AC/DC.

The Service Rack/Shelter with two AC/DC Frames is intended to be used to supply BS240/241 with more than 8 carriers.

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3.12.1 DC and Battery Controller (DCBCTRL)

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

The AC/DC tasks are: – outputsupplying all -48V-consumerswithinthe BS-240/241; input supplying of 230V

AC1 phase system forthe worldmarket and 208V AC2 phase system (208V phase

to phase) for the US market. – supplying external equipment with -48V – charging and supervising of different battery backup types with different capacities

and up to two battery backup systems per Service Rack/Shelter – supervising rectiﬁers, batteries and alarm messaging – switching off DC outputs (rectiﬁers as well as battery) in case of under and over

temperature – hot plug in/out – operation of two Frames in parallel

The AC/DC and the backup batteries work as an Uninterruptable Power Supply System (UPS).

The DC and Battery Controller is the supervision unit for the AC/DC Converters installed in the FrameAC/DC andfor the Batteries charging of this set of AC/DCs. The DCBCTRL has a dip switch device to adjust the frame address AC/DC frame 1 or AC/DC frame 2 and the battery capacities of the connected battery system.

3.13 Overvoltage Protection and Tracer (OVPT)

The OVPT is responsible for lightning protection of the PCM24/PCM30 ports of the Abis interface and the external synchronization clock input of the BS-240/241 against over voltage. Additionally, the OVPT provides interfaces to connect PCM tracers without interruption for monitoring the Abis lines. The OVPT is located outside the EMI shield in order to terminate possible overvoltages before it enters the EMI protected area inside the Rack.

The board performs the following tasks: – lightning protection of PCM lines – lightning protection of the ext. synchronisation clock – provision to connect ext. monitoring equipment without interruption. The lines are

de-coupled by resistors in order to prevent distortions. – supporting 75 Ω coax and 100 Ω/120 Ω symmetrical lines – for 75 Ω coax only a second version of the OVPT is available – provides grounding facility for the external cable shielding – provides stress relieve for the external cables

3.14 Abis Connection Module (ABISCON)

The Abis Connection module provides the interface between the base cabinet and the peripheral Abis-cables.The Abis Connection module also provides the feature for monitoring the Abis lines and serves as interface for external synchronisation clock.

The type of Abis Connector depends on the used cable for the Abis interface

• symmetrical lines with 100/120 Ohm impedance

• coaxial lines 75 Ohm impedance

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The ABISCONV module can be installed only as alternative to the Over Voltage Protection and Tracer module (OVPT).

3.15 Abis Link Equipment (LE)

The link equipment acts as front end to provide the Abis interface. Different equipment can be used for wire or radio transmission depending on customer requirements. If a link equipment is available at the telecommunication site, possibly no link equipment is necessary. If BS-240/241 is installed away from a telecommunication site the link equipment must be installed inside the Service Rack/Shelter. If radio transmission is required, microwave equipment must be used. Also direct connections of PCM24/30 links are possible. The number of Link Equipment, which can be installed, depends on the height of the Link Equipment.

3.16 Cover Parts

All unequipped slots in the Frames of a Rack/Shelter must be equipped with Cover Parts, to reach a balanced airflow. If the complete Frame is empty, it is not necessary to cover all the empty slots.

Information

Base Station System

3.17 Backup Battery (BATTERY)

Up to four battery systems can be equipped in the Service Racks/Shelters. One frame AC/DC can be connected to two battery systems with two independent connecting leads. One battery system can consist of up to three battery groups (one group can consistof up to four batteries) which arealways in the same Rack/Shelterdue to temperature control issues.

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Base Frame for AC/DC Converter

Battery 0

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

Battery System 0

Battery 1 Battery 2

l e

Base Frame for AC/DC Converter

l e

M o d u l e

AC DC

DC line (max. 50 A)

M o

DC line (max. 50 A)

d u l e

DC line (max. 50 A)

M o d

DC line (max. 50 A)

u l e

Battery System 1

Battery 0 Battery 1 Battery 2

Battery 0

Battery System 2

Battery System 3

Battery 1

Battery 2

Fig. 3.11 Example of Battery Backup Systems Connected to the AC/DC

The maximum DC-Output-Power of one Frame AC/DC is limited to 3600W. The maximum current out of one battery system is limited to 50A (respectively 2400W at 48V). All battery systems connected to one or two frames AC/DC should have the same battery capacity. See section Power Supply and Battery Backup for more details.

3.18 Fan

The fan unit is responsible for creating a sufficient airflow in order to cool the inner electronics using all the effects of forced convection cooling. The cooling concept is based upon a cascaded principle of six Fan Units: two fans are responsible for each Frame.

The fans used are able to overcome the pressure drop caused by the system resistance taking into account additional losses caused by adequate filters or Heat Exchangers used in order to establish an airflow that limitsthe ∆T (Temperature difference between critical hotspots inside the Rack and the ambient temperature) caused by the specific power dissipation of that hotspot.

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

In order to keep both the acoustic noise and the power consumption of all fans at the lowest level possible, the fan speeds are (independently of each other) temperature controlled via integrated sensors (NTC) that monitor the critical hotspots in order to keep them in an acceptable range.

Furthermore, each fan delivers a fan good/fan bad signal that is processed by the COBA board (routed via ACTC board in case of a Base Rack/Shelter or the ACTC board and CAN Bus in case of an Extension-/Service Rack/Shelter).

3.19HeatExchanger(HEX)

The BS-241 shelters can be equipped either with HEX. Theheat exchangers can only be equipped onthe internal side of the door ofthe BS-241 shelter. The task of a heat exchanger is to transport the heat from inside the shelter to the outside.

For every Frame in a base or extension shelter one heat exchanger is needed, therefore, 3 heatexchangers are always installed in a base or extension shelter for: – ACOM Frame – Carrier Frame – Core Frame

In the service shelter we have three sections, which can be differently equipped with AC/DC modules, link equipment or backup batteries and then 1 to 3 heat exchangers are needed, according to the installation of equipment.

Information

Base Station System

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Information Base Station System

4.1 Methods of Combining

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

4 Antenna Combiners and Receiving Paths

In order to serve cells with different carrier numbers, certaincombinations of combining modules are required. These configurations provide the necessary performance in a cost effective way.

For the UL (Up Link) path, antenna diversity is always considered. The required splitting factor only depends on the maximum carrier number per cell without yielding a reson-able technical penality.

With respect to the DL (Down Link), a trade off exists between the number of antennas and the insertion loss for a given carrier number. Increasing the antenna number decreases the DL insertion loss introduced by hybrid combining of carriers to one antenna port. For high carrier numbers per cell (≥5) filter combining becomes advantageous with respect to insertion loss but suffering from higher cost and incompatibility to synthesizer frequency hopping.

Nevertheless, for urban sites where the cell sites are usually small a configuration with a DUAMCO 8:2 supports synthesizer frequency hopping and there is no need for additional antennas. Fig. 4.1 the different combining options are shown. The relationship between labels and components is shown in Fig. 2.2.

Duplex Combining

Tower Mounted Amplifier

2:2

Filter Combining

4:2

8:2

TMA

High Power Duplexer and BIAS-T

2:1

Fig. 4.1 Overview of Combining Options

DUAMCO (Duplexer Amplifier Multi Coupler)

The DUAMCO x:y modules contain duplex filters in order to combine the transmit and receive path to one antenna connector. The receiveand transmit part of the duplex filter, respectively, provide the substantial part of the receive and transmit band filtering required by GSM 05.05, 11.21 and JTC J-STD-007.

2:1

2x8

HPDU

DUBIAS

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

The receive path consists of a LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) and a power splitter. The LNA takes care of a low system noise figure and consists of two branches. In case of malfunction of one amplifier, the RX gain of the DUAMCO decreases by about 6 dB. The power splitter distributes the received band to the CUs (Carrier Units). A splitting factor of 4 (or 8 in case of DUAMCO 8:2) is implemented in order to feed 4 (8) CUs.

The DUAMCO amplifier has two different operation modes which can be selected by e.g. DIP switches. In the following, Mode 1 is called AMCO mode and the second mode is called MUCO mode. In the AMCO mode where no TMA (Tower mounted Amplifier) is used, the DUAMCO gain is around 19 dB. In case a TMA is used, the DUAMCO is configured in the MUCO mode. In the MUCO mode, the gain is reduced to about 0 dB. The exact gain of the DUAMCO to compensate the cable losses can be adjusted for this mode with a e.g., DIP switch. This adjustment is only done once during the installation of the BTSE by the service personal. The selected mode can be read by O&M SW via CAN bus interface.

The transmit path consists of isolators, a hybrid coupler with load (for some modules) and an ASU (Antenna Supervision Unit). The isolators have to protect the PAs (Power Amplifiers) inside the CUs from each other in order to assure the required intermodulation suppression. Two different hybrid couplers (2:1, 4:1) combine up to 4 carriers to one antenna. The corresponding not transmitted power is terminated in a load including cooler. The ASU is responsible for detecting certain reflection factors at the antenna connector and is connected to the O&M interface.

The O&M interface of the DUAMCO transmits error messages to the BTS core via a slow O&M bus (CAN bus).

The DUAMCOs x:y are named depending on the number x of transmit connectors fed by the CUs and the number y of antenna connectors. The following figures show the different DUAMCOs implemented by a set of equal sub-modules.

The DUAMCOs are implemented for seven different frequency bands: GSM 850, P-GSM 900, GSM 1800 (DUAMCO 2:2 , DUAMCO 4:2 and DUAMCO 8:2); E-GSM 900, R-GSM 900, GSM-RE 900, GSM 1900 ( DUAMCO 2:2 and DUAMCO 4:2). The division of the GSM 900 band (39 MHz) in two interleaved sub-bands (25 MHz each, P-GSM and GSM-RE) results from the required filter volume for the whole band.(see Tab. 1.2)

Information

Base Station System

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Information Base Station System

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

Bias TEE

MUCO

AMCO

LNA

RXCA

to Rx

Fig. 4.2 DUAMCO 2:2

Antenna 0

Module 0

ASU

from Tx

Module 1

TMA

Signall.

TMA

DC/DC

Control

CAN

bus

DC interf.

MUCO

AMCO

RXCA

to Rx

LNA

Antenna 1

Bias TEE

ASU

from Tx

MUCO

AMCO

RXCA

BIAS TEE

LNA

to Rx

Antenna 0

Coupler

Module 0 Module 1

ASU

MUCO

TMA

Signall.

TMA

DC/DC

Control

CAN bus DC interf.

from

AMCO

RXCA

to/from core

LNA

to Rx

Antenna 1

BIAS TEE

ASU

Coupler

from

Fig. 4.3 DUAMCO 4:2

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

Information

Base Station System

BIAS TEE

MUCO

AMCO

LNA

RXCA

to Rx

Fig. 4.4 DUAMCO 8:2

Antenna 0

Coupler

Module 0 Module 1

ASU

MUCO

TMA

Signall.

TMA

DC/DC

Control

CAN bus DC interf.

from

AMCO

RXCA

to/from core

LNA

to Rx

Antenna 1

BIAS TEE

ASU

Coupler

from

RF Power Combining / Tuning Modes

The low loss power addition is carried out by combining the outputs of TNFs inside the FICOM. These TNFs are remotely tuned to the channel frequency of the corresponding carrier. The minimum number of inputs to be combined is 2. It is possible to combine a maximum number of 8 inputs by adding 'expansion modules' to the 'base module'.

A TNF is first coarse tuned to the desired channel. If RF power is suppliedto the TNF it automatically performs a fine tuning to ensure the best RF behavior. With this automatic tuning process, the drift of the passband filter center frequency is compensated.

Therefore, the filter combiner can only be used with baseband frequency hopping, as retuning of the TNF frequency requires up to 5 seconds. But for a large number of carriers (6 or 8), baseband frequency hopping has only a negligible disadvantage compared to synthesizer frequency hopping.

FICOM Modularity

The FICOM functions are carried out by two different types of modules. These are: – Base module 2:1 – Expansion module 2:1

Each type of module is able to combine 2 carriers. But only the base module has an output for the completely combined signal (antenna output with 7/16 connector). Additional there is a test output at every base module. Also, the reporting of the antenna VSWR status is only done by a base module. The different modules are connected together by a special RF connection cable.

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Information Base Station System

Antenna

VS WR

supervision

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

Therefore, the number of base modules is equal to the number of cells the FICOM has to support. The number of expansion modules per cell depends on the total number of carriers per cell (2,4,6 or 8).

A FICOM Expansion module 1:1 doesn't exist any more. In case an odd number of carriers is recommended in one cell, only one half of the expansion module 2:1 is used. For this application, one TX port remains open.

The FICOMs are implemented for two different frequency bands: GSM-R 900 and GSM

1800.

TNF

from Tx

Base 2:1

Fig. 4.5 FICOM 8:1

TNF

ESN

Control

CAN bus DC interf.

from Tx

TNF

from Tx

Exp 2:1

DIAMCO (DI(=2) Amplifier Multi Coupler)

The DIAMCO contains two sub-modules with receive filters, low noise amplifiers and power splitters.

For the uplink direction, the DIAMCO has tobe used to filter anddistribute the received signals to the Carrier Units. With the FICOM, it is possible to combine 8 frequencies in downlink direction (TX) in one Rack.The receive filters provide the substantial part of the receive band filtering required by GSM 05.05, 11.21 and JTC J-STD-007.

The LNA takes care of a low system noise figure and consists oftwo branches. In case of malfunction of one amplifier the RX gain of the DIAMCO decreases by about 6 dB. The power splitter distributes the received band to the CUs (Carrier Units). A splitting factor of 8 is implemented in order to feed 8 CUs. Additionally, the DIAMCO has a cascade output which is used for Rack Extension.

In addition, the functionality of a PDU (Power Distribution Unit) for two TMAs is integrated in the DIAMCO. This is the DC power supply and the alarm supervision of the TMAs. Alarm monitoring is done with a signalling interface between DIAMCO and TMA,

TNF

ESN

Control

CAN bus DC interf.

from Tx

TNF

from Tx

Exp 2:1

TNF

Control

CAN bus DC interf.

from Tx

ESN

TNF

from Tx

Exp 2:1

TNF

ESN

Control

CAN bus DC interf.

from Tx

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

modulated onto a IF carrier at 7.86 MHz: This interface is identical to the interface between DUAMCO and TMA.

The DIAMCO RX amplifier has two different operation modes, depending on the existence of TMAs. The first mode is called AMCO mode, the second one is called MUCO mode. In the AMCO mode where no TMA is used, the DIAMCO gain is around 19 dB. In case a TMA is used, the DIAMCO is configured in the MUCO mode. In the MUCO mode, the gain is reduced to about 0 dB. The exact gain of the DIAMCO to compensate the cable lossescan beadjusted for the MUCO mode with a DIP switch. This adjustment is only done once during the installation of the BTSE by the service personnel. The selected mode can be read by O&M SW via CAN bus interface.

Due to the fact that TMA status information is available for the DIAMCO processor, the DIAMCO itself has to switch the RX mode according to the TMA status. Each TMA can be switched on or off by a separate switch. This cannot be configured via O&M SW!

For Rack Extension the first DIAMCO works in the AMCO mode and the following DIAMCO sub-modules in the MUCO mode.

The O&M interface of the DIAMCO transmits error messages to the BTS core only via the CAN bus.

The DIAMCOs are implemented for two different frequency bands: E-GSM 900 and GSM 1800.

Information

Base Station System

MUCO

AMCO

RXCA

BIAS TEE

Antenna 0

LNA

to Rx

Module 0

Signall.

DC/DC

Control

CAN bus DC interf.

to/from core

Module 1

TMA

MUCO

AMCO

RXCA

Antenna 1

BIAS TEE

LNA

to Rx

Fig. 4.6 DIAMCO

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Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

High Power Duplexer (HPDU2)

The High Power Duplexer has the task of combining the TX and the RX paths into one antenna, in order to minimize the number of antennas when FICOM is used. The HPDU contains a duplex filter for the transmit frequency band and for the receive frequency band, but no Low Noise Amplifier in the RX path. If the TMA is used together with a HPDU, the BIAS-T (DUBIAS) for powering and signalling of the TMA is required. Up to two HPDU can be integrated on top of the Rack below the cover and also up to two HPDU can be fit in the gap between the inner side wall and the Frame in the shelter. For the main RX path, one HPDU per cell is installed. For diversity operation, a second receive path has to be installed. In one Base or Extension Rack/Shelter, one or two HPDUs can be installed and a maximum of 8 carriers can be connected to one HPDU.

Fig. 4.7 shows the standard configuration for one cell using HPDU, FICOM and

DIAMCO for up to 8 carriers in one Rack. The HPDUs are implemented for three different frequency bands: P-GSM 900, GSM

1800 and GSM-PS 900 (P-GSM shifted to E-GSM).

TX-Filter

HPDU

TX-Filter

FICOM

012 7

Fig. 4.7 HPDU

BIAS-T (DUBIAS)

If the TMA is to be used together with a HPDU, a BIAS-T (DUBIAS) for powering and signalling of the TMA is required.

The DUBIASs are implemented for two different frequency bands: R-GSM 900 and GSM 1800 .

RX-Filter

012 7RX012 7

RX-Filter

DIAMCO

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

Information

Base Station System

TX/RX

Antenna

TMA

DUBIAS

HPDU

FICOM

CU0 CU1 CU7

Fig. 4.8 Configuration with HPDU, DUBIAS and TMA Diplexer

The Diplexer gives the possibility to use one Antenna Feeder Cable for both GSM 850, GSM 900 and GSM 1800, GSM 1900 frequencies. One Diplexer is needed to combine the 2 different frequencies at the BTSs side and the other one to separate the frequencies near the antennas. The diplexer offers the possibility to reduce the number of Antenna Feeder Cables in all cases where GSM 900 and GSM 1800, GSM 1900 or GSM 850 and GSM 1900 Feeder Cables have to be installed in parallel. This is e.g., the casewhere an existing GSM 900 network willbe extended by a GSM 1800 orGSM 1900 network to implement a Dual Band Network.

DIAMCO

RX0 RX1 RX7

Antenna

TMA

4.1.1 Typical Combiner Losses (TX path) and Output Power Level

Type GSM 850, GSM 900

(dB)

FICOM 2:1 2.7 3.7 FICOM 4:1 3.2 4.2 FICOM 6:1 3.7 4.6 FICOM 8:1 4.2 5.8 DUAMCO 2:2 2.5 2.5 DUAMCO 4:2 5.7 5.7 DUAMCO 8:2 8.9 8.9 HPDU 0.6 0.75 TMA * 0.4 0.6 * RX Amplification of TMA is 25.5 dB (25.0 dB for GSM 1800)

Tab. 4.1 Insertion loss of DUAMCOs, FICOMs, HPDU and TMA

GSM 1800, GSM 1900

(dB)

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Information Base Station System

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

DUAMCOs operating with the minimum guaranteed input power from CU:

GSM 850, GSM 900: n x 50 W; GSM 1800, GSM 1900: n x 35 W The typical value for the insertion loss of FICOMs is better than 3 dB with an uncritical

carrier configuration (carrier spacing > 1 MHz).

BS-240/241

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

4.1.2DUAMCO - DIAMCO GAIN (RX Path)

Information

Base Station System

DUAMCO - DIAMCO gain

DUAMCO gain GSM 850, GSM,

P-GSM,GSM-RE, GSM-PS

AMCO characteristics

Gain (ANT-RX) 20 dB +/-1.5 dB 22 dB +/-1.5 dB Gain (ANT-RXCA) 18.5 dB +/-1.5 dB 19.5 dB +/-1.5 dB Gain ripple +/-1 dB +/-1 dB)

MUCO characteristics

Gain (ANT-RX) 2 dB +/-1 dB 3 dB +/-1 dB Gain (ANT-RXCA) 0.5 dB +/-1 dB 0.5dB +/-1 dB Gain ripple +/-0.8 dB +/-0.8 dB

Attenuator characteristics

Attenuator range 0+6 dB +/-0.5 dB 0+6dB +/-0.5 dB Step size 1 dB +/-0.3 dB 1 dB +/-0.3 dB

DIAMCO gain E-GSM GSM 1800

AMCO characteristics

GSM 1800, GSM 1900

Gain (ANT-RX) 20 dB +/-1.5 dB 22 dB +/-1.5 dB Gain (ANT-RXCA) 18.5 dB +/-1.5 dB 19.5 dB +/-1.5 dB Gain ripple +/-1 dB +/-1 dB)

MUCO characteristics

Gain (ANT-RX) 2 dB +/-1 dB 3 dB +/-1 dB Gain (ANT-RXCA) 0.5 dB +/-1 dB 0.5dB +/-1 dB Gain ripple +/-0.8 dB +/-0.8 dB

Attenuator characteristics

Attenuator range 0+6 dB +/-0.5 dB 0+6dB +/-0.5 dB Step size 1 dB +/-0.3 dB 1 dB +/-0.3 dB

Tab. 4.2 Parameters of DUAMCO - DIAMCO

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Technical Description (TED:BSS)

4.1.3 Parameters of Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA)

900 MHz Tower Mounted Ampliﬁer

Electrical System Specified Typical Uplink RF-band 890- 915 MHz

Return Loss (ANT / BTS port) > 14 dB > 15 dB Return Loss by- pass mode > 7,7 dB > 10dB

BS-240/241

Nominal gain 25.5 +2/- 2.5 dB at 25˚C (77˚F)

25.5 +3/- 3.5 dB -33˚C to +65˚C (-27˚F to +149˚F)

Gain ripple < +/- 0.5 dB at 25˚C (77˚F)

< +/- 0.8 dB -33˚C to +65˚C

(-27˚F to +149˚F) Passband ripple, max < = 0.5 dB Insertion loss bypass mode, max. < = 5 dB max. 3.4 dB Noise figure, max. 3.6 dB 2.8 dB Max. input power CW 8 x 15 Watt input TMA 1 dB compression point (CP1) > = 16.5 dBm (output) 3rd order Intercept Point (IP3) on input + 1 dBm >= 6 dBm Current consumption < = 500 mA < = 400 mA

Downlink RF- band 935 – 960 MHz

Insertion loss < = 0.8 dB < = 0.4 dB Downlink Return Loss (ANT / BTS port) > = 18 dB >= 18.5 dBm Return Loss (ANT / BTS port) bypass mode > = 18 dB >= 18.5 dBm

25.5 +/- 1 dB at 25˚C (77˚F)

Passive Intermodulation products, max. @ ANT port

Passive Intermodulation products, max. @ BTS port

Tab. 4.3 Parameters of 900 MHz Tower Mounted Ampliﬁer

A30808-X3247-L14-2-7618

IMD3 and higher

< = -108 dBm

IMD3 and higher

<= -108 dBm + Gain (Ant- BTS)

-120 dBm

-100 dBm

Page 56

Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

1800 MHz Tower Mounted Ampliﬁer

Electrical System Specified Typical Uplink RF-band 1710 - 1785 MHz

Return Loss (ANT / BTS port) > 14 dB > 16 dB Return Loss by- pass mode > 7,7 dB > 10dB

Base Station System

Information

Nominal gain 25.0 +2/- 2.5 dB at 25˚C (77˚F)

25.0 +3/- 3 dB -33˚C to +65˚C (-27˚F to +149˚F)

Gain ripple < +/- 0.5 dB at 25˚C (77˚F)

< +/- 0.8 dB -33˚C to +65˚C

(-27˚F to +149˚F) Passband ripple, max < = 0.5 dB Insertion loss bypass mode, max. < = 5.2 dB max. 3.8 dB Noise figure, max. 3.6 dB 2.5 dB Max. input power CW 8 x 15 Watt input TMA 1 dB compression point (CP1) > = 16.5 dBm (output) 3rd order Intercept Point (IP3) on input + 1 dBm >= 4 dBm Current consumption < = 500 mA < = 400 mA

Downlink RF- band 1805 –1880 MHz

Insertion loss < = 0.8 dB < = 0.6 dB Downlink Return Loss (ANT / BTS port) > = 18 dB >= 18.5 dBm

25.9 +/- 1dB at 25 ˚C (77˚F)

25.9+/-2 dB -33˚C to +65˚C (-27˚F to +149˚F)

Return Loss (ANT / BTS port) bypass mode

Passive Intermodulation products, max. @ ANT port

Passive Intermodulation products, max. @ BTS port

Tab. 4.4 Parameters of 1800 MHz Tower Mounted Ampliﬁer

> = 18 dB >= 18.5 dBm

IMD3 and higher

< = -109 dBm

IMD3 and higher

<= -109 dBm + Gain (Ant-

BTS)

-116 dBm

-90 dBm

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Information Base Station System

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

Mechanical Size, W x H x D 172x280x191 mm (8"x11"x7.5")

Weight 4.25 kg (9 Lbs) Antenna connector 7/ 16 BTS connector 7/ 16

General Supply Voltage Range +12V +/- 8%

Alarm functions alarming via sub-carrier to DUAMCO or DIAMCO

CIN is part of the combining units DUAMCO or DIAMCO and values are incorporated in the units specs.

Tab. 4.5 Parameters of 900/1800 MHz Tower Mounted Ampliﬁer

The TMAs are implemented for four different frequency bands: P-GSM 900, GSM-RE 900 (RE: Railway Extension; DUAMCO 2:2 and DUAMCO 4:2), GSM 1800 and GSM 1900 (DUAMCO 2:2 and DUAMCO 4:2). The division of the GSM 900 band (39 MHz) in two interleaved sub-bands (25 MHz each, P-GSM and GSM-RE) results from the required filter volume for the whole band.(see Tab. 1.2)

4.1.4 Examples of possible BTSE configurations

Most frequently used configurations: – 3/3/2 with duplex combining – 8/0/0 with ﬁlter and duplex combining – 2/2/2 with duplex combining – only duplex or only ﬁlter combining is exclusively used within a cell

RX TX

CU2CU0 CU1

CELL 0

DUAMCO 4:2

RX TX

CU5CU3 CU4

CELL 1

DUAMCO 4:2

CU6 CU7

RX TX

CELL 2

DUAMCO 4:2

Fig. 4.9 Multi-cell (3,3,2): with 3 DUAMCO 4:2

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

Information

Base Station System

RX TX

CU2CU0 CU1

CELL 0

DUAMCO 4:2

RX TX

CU5CU3 CU4

CELL 1

DUAMCO 4:2

Fig. 4.10 Multi-cell (3,3,2): with 2 DUAMCO 4:2 and 1 DUAMCO 2:2

CU6 CU7

RX TX

CELL 2

DUAMCO 2:2

FICOM

Base

Module

FICOM

Expansion

Module

FICOM

Expansion

Module

FICOM

Expansion

Module

CU0 CU1

CU4 CU5 CU6 CU7CU2 CU3

Fig. 4.11 Single-cell (8,0,0): with FICOM and DIAMCO

DIAMCO

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Information Base Station System

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

CELL 0

DUAMCO 4:2

RX TX

CU2 CU3CU0 CU1

CU4 CU5 CU6 CU7

Fig. 4.12 Single-cell (8,0,0): with 2 DUAMCO 4:2

RX TX

DUAMCO 4:2

CELL 0

DUAMCO 2:2

RX TX

CU0 CU1

CU2 CU3

Fig. 4.13 Multi-cell (2,2,2): with 3 DUAMCO 2:2

RX TX

CELL 1

DUAMCO 2:2

CU4 CU5

RX TX

CELL 2

DUAMCO 2:2

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

Information

Base Station System

HPDU

FICOM

Base

Module

CU0 CU1

RACK 0

FICOM

Expansion

Module

TX - Filter

FICOM

Expansion

Module

CU4 CU5 CU6 CU7CU2 CU3

RX - Filter

FICOM

Expansion

Module

DIAMCO

FICOM

Base

Module

CU8 CU9

RACK 1

FICOM

Expansion

Module

TX- Filter

FICOM

Expansion

Module

CU12CU13CU14 CU15CU10CU11

HPDU

RX - Filter

FICOM

Expansion

Module

DIAMCO

Fig. 4.14 Single-cell (11...16,0,0): FICOMs, DIAMCOs and HPDUs in 2 Racks

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4.2 Receiving Paths

4.2.1 Antenna diversity techniques

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

Basically, there are two different diversity combining techniques:

• Switched Combining

• Maximum Ratio Combining

Switched Combining

Switched Combining simply selects one of the two receiver paths according to a given quality criterion, such as maximum receiver gain.

Thus, in the case of correlated signals from receiver paths (and comparable gain), Switched Combining cannot improve receiver performance. A decision is usually made for one full Um burst.

Maximum Ratio Combining

Maximum Ratio Combining provides the best combination of all available informations from both receiver paths.

4.2.1.1 Antenna System Modules

Different TX, RX and TX/RX antennas are provided which are connected to the combining modules in order to serve cells with different carrier numbers. These combining modules have to provide the necessary performance by using the following methods: – Antenna Combining

to feed several transmitter outputs to the TX antenna

– Multicoupling

for splitting the RX signal for several receiver inputs

– Duplexing

both Antenna Combining and Multicoupling methods are used in order to connect the TX- and the RX-path to one antenna

The technology of the new BTSEs knows TX Combiner (FICOM), TX and RX Combiner (DUAMCO), High Power Duplexer (HPDU) and RX Multicoupler (DIAMCO). DUAMCO and DIAMCO use a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) in the RX path, which can be set to different gain to establish the various configurations of the BS-240/241. Additionally, the DUAMCO and DIAMCO have power supply and supervision functionality for a Tower Mounted Amplifier.

Antenna diversity is a second receive path to improvethe receive quality and thegrade of service. It is important that the diversity path is configured in the same way as the normal path, that means either, with or without TMA. Inside the Rack, it's possible that one RX path is realized with a DUAMCO and the other with a DIAMCO or cascaded DIAMCOs.

A solution of antenna combining and multicoupling is the configuration with two TX-/RX-antennas and two duplex combining modules. Both antennas belong to the same cell. One antenna is used for transmission and reception, the other for transmission and diversity reception. Therefore exist two transmit paths, one normal receive path and one diversity receive path. The combining of the two transmit paths happens 'on air'. Supervision of the two antennas will be done separately for each one.

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

The principle of On Air Combining will also be used, if TX combining beyond the Rack borders is required. For e.g. to combine 24 carriers, belonging to the same cell, 3 FICOMs will be used, each combines 8 carriers to one antenna. Combining of the signals from the 3 antennas takes place 'On Air'.

4.2.2 Receiver Sensitivity

Obtaining sensitivity better than the GSM requirements at the Rack entry is by using DUAMCOs or DIAMCOs, and obtaining sensitivity better than the GSM requirements at the antenna connector accomplished by using Tower Mounted Amplifiers (TMAs). The configuration with TMA is advantageous because of highest sensitivity of the RX path. One TMA is needed for every created RX path of DUAMCO and / or DIAMCO installed and not cascaded.

Expansion of the RX path beyond the borders of the Rack or Shelter is possible by cascading of the multicoupling devices (DIAMCO or RX path of a DUAMCO). With increasing RF cable length, the noise figure rises and thus the RX sensitivity will be degraded. The degradation is a little bit less than the additional cable loss.

In the configuration with antenna pre-amplifier, the true system RX sensitivity is guaranteed at the antenna connector, including the antenna feeder cable attenuation. In the configuration without antenna pre-amplifier, the sensitivity is guaranteed only at the rack entry.

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Base Station System

4.3 Transmission Diversity Time Delay

General

Up to BR6.0 each BTS by the maximum nominal output power of the module. Toachieve higher output power, a separated high power ampliﬁer has to be used.

This feature "combines" the output signals of 2 standard carrier units (fedwith the same baseband signal) to increase the available output power. To allow the parallel CU operation, their transmit signal must be de-correlated.

The parallel CUoperation with de-correlated signals establish a diversitydown-link path. Using down-link diversity signiﬁcantly reduces the inﬂuence of signal fading.The coding schemes CS3, CS4, MCS8, and MCS9 particularly proﬁt from such transmission diversity operation.

The mobile station (MS) receives an increased signal level.Applying downlink transmission diversity time delay enables serving large cells, e.g., in rural areas.

By using Transmission Diversity, the downlink budget of the BTS can be significantly improved. This helps to balance the cellranges of 850/900 MHz and 1800/1900 MHz in co-location scenarios.

The illustration of the downlink budget in relation to the downlink capacity is shown in the next ﬁgure, which compares several possibilities of statically allocated CU combinations in one sector.

plus

CU works on its own frequency with RF output powerlimited

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Fig. 4.15 Capacity Downlink Improvements for TX Diversity

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

4.3.1Functionality

The fully equipped BTS site with combined CU pairs to apply transmission diversity keepsup with latercapacity requirements and helps operatethe BTS sites in temporarily adjustablemodes of operation. The Transmission Diversitymode provides the BTS sites with double power and half capacity,andit performs using a CU pair of master and slave. Later,in case additional BTS sites get installed, the BTS sites of combined CU pairs can switchovertonormal capacity and normal power modeand release their slave CUs from no longer needed pair-halves to make them the single CU of an additional BTS site.

Fixed TX Time Shift

The method adds a distinct timing offset to the GSM bursts of one of the two CUs. The method introduces an assigned GSM timer to control the CU timing for offset shift purposes, and the GSM timer processes an offset control input. The GSM timer operates at astable 52MHz clocksignal, and the generated GSM burst signal can be delayed byan appointed amount of 52MHz clocks.The operator is able to adjust the delay value, which is proportionate to a step size of 0.25 symbols between minus 5 and plus 5 symbols.

The CUs transmit the two signals, and the mobile station resolves them by using the built-in equalizer. The equalizer performs pulse response computation for each transmitted burst, and handles the two signals according to multi-path propagation. In contrast to the vector addition of the two transmitted signals, the equalizer performs the signal addition using the bit energy value.

Parallel CU Operation

A parallel operation of two CUs required for the parallel transmission of de-correlated signals is feasibleand compatible with baseband hopping. The CU processes data similarly to baseband hopping. With difference to baseband hopping, not a single CU but a pair of CUs is deﬁned to transmit data. The CU pair operates at the same carrier frequency. Both CUs of the pair are assigned to the same cell antenna sector, and the

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

CUs use separate antennas. A distance preferably higher than ten lambdas separates the antennas when combining on-air transmissions.

The following example illustrates CU co-location in an extended circular cell that provides an increased cell capacity by using several different carrier frequency bands (e.g. GSM 850, GSM 900; GSM 1800, GSM 1900). CU pairs consisting of master and slave CU, apply transmission diversity time delay operation. One pair of CUs transmits on one frequency band, and the other pair of CUs transmits on another frequency band. For example, the BTS installation uses one rack for three sectors, and antenna 0 and antenna 1 are conﬁgured to serve the same cell sector 0. A Duplexer Ampliﬁer Multi-Coupler Combiner (DUAMCO 4:2) enables the master CUs ofthe pairs to use the same primary antenna 0, and the slave CUs to use the same secondary antenna 1. The CUs 0 to 3 are connected to these antennas via antenna combiner in a waythat the even CUs 0 and 2 are connected to the antenna 0, and the odd CUs 1 and 3 are connected to the antenna 1. Then there are the CU pairs with one even and one odd number. CU 0 and CU 1 compose one CU pair, and the CU 2 and the CU 3 compose a next CU pair, respectively. Each CU pair is suitable for transmission diversity time delay operation. Both CUs of such a pair use the same carrier frequency, and both CUs of the same pair transmit simultaneously. The even CU of a pair acts as a master, while the odd CU serves as a slave. The slave CU does not read the transmitted data from its master CU, but receives data from the system simultaneously to the master CU. The slave CU performs the timing offset shift in order to delay the transmission signal.

Information

Base Station System

Fig. 4.16 BTS Rack Cabling for Transmitter Diversity Operation

The transmission diversity time delay feature raises an additional inaccuracy caused by the actual timing deviation of the two transmitting CUs, due to thedifferent length of the feeding cables and the antenna positions. The transmission diversity time delay operation can be disabled for certain burst types that are timing-sensitive, e.g., the synchronization channel (SCH) for Location Services (LCS). The transmission of the slave CU is disabled when such a burst type is going to be transmitted. The operator is allowed to

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4.4 FCC Issues (for US Market only)

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

exclude time slots or logical channels from applying the transmission diversity time delay.

In this chapter you find the maximum output power at the antenna connector of the BTS.These values are only relevant for the US market.

Revised FCC Certification for ECU 850

For ECUs with 869.2 and 893.8 MHz frequencies, in order to fulfil the FCC requirements in the USA, the maximum transmittingpower of the cornerfrequencies of the GSM850 band (channel numbers 128 and 251, i.e. 869.2 MHz and 893.8 MHz, respectively) is decreased for all carrier units available for the U.S. market. This feature is realized per software. The BTS evaluatesthe mobile country code (MCC) provided by the BSC via theattribute "cellGlobalIdentity". If the MCC indicates “USA“, the BTS reduces the output power of the corner frequencies dependent on the hardware type of the carrier unit. The following table represents the maximum RF power output values for GMSK and 8PSK modulation.

CU Type Carrier

Frequency

[MHz]

ECU850V3 869.2 128 42.3 dBm = 17.0 W 45.6 dBm = 36.3 W

ECU850V3 893.8 251 44.4 dBm = 27.5 W 46.3 dBm = 42.7 W ECU850HPV2 869.2 128 42.2 dBm = 16.6 W 45.2 dBm = 33.1 W ECU850HPV2 893.8 251 44.3 dBm = 26.9 W 46.9 dBm = 49.0 W

ECU850V2 869.2 128 40.7 dBm = 11.7 W 43.4 dBm = 21.9 W

ECU850V2 893.8 251 44.4 dBm = 27.5 W 47.2 dBm = 52.5 W

Tab. 4.6 Maximum RF Power Output Values Revised FCC Certification for ECU 1900

For ECUs with 1930.2 and 1989.8 MHz frequencies, in order to fulfil the FCC requirements in the USA, the maximum transmitting power of the corner frequencies of the GSM 1900 band (channel numbers 512 and 810, i.e. 1930.2 MHz and 1989.8 MHz, respectively) is decreased for all carrier units available for the U.S. market. This feature is realized per software. The BTS evaluatesthe mobile country code (MCC) provided by the BSC via theattribute "cellGlobalIdentity". If the MCC indicates “USA“, the BTS reduces the output power of the corner frequencies dependent on the hardware type of the carrier unit. The following table represents the maximum RF power output values for GMSK and 8PSK modulation.

Channel

No.

Maximum RF

Power Output

GMSK

Maximum RF

Power Output

8PSK

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Information

Base Station System

CU Type Carrier

Frequency

[MHz]

ECUPHPV3 1930.2 512 39.6 dBm = 9.1 W 42.7 dBm = 18.6 W ECUPHPV3 1989.8 810 41.8 dBm = 15.1 W 44.9 dBm = 30.9 W ECUPHPV2 1930.2 512 39.3 dBm = 8.5 W 42.2 dBm = 16.6 W ECUPHPV2 1989.8 810 41.6 dBm = 14.5 W 44.3 dBm = 26.9 W

ECUPV2 1930.2 512 42.1 dBm = 16.2 W 44.7 dBm = 29.5 W ECUPV2 1989.8 810 44.4 dBm = 27.5 W 47.1 dBm = 51.3 W

Tab. 4.7 Maximum RF Power Output Values

Channel

No.

Maximum RF

Power Output

GMSK

Maximum RF

Power Output

8PSK

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Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

5 Power Supply and Battery Backup

The AC/DC is used in the Service Rack/Shelter. It contains one or two Frames with AC/DC rectifier modules, one controller board and two LVD relays per Frame. Up to 6 rectifier Modules can be inserted in one Frame; thus, the number of modules can be adapted to the actual need for specific loads. The Service Rack/Shelter with two AC/DC Frames is intended to be used to supply BTSEs with more than 8 carriers.

The AC/DC tasks are:

• supplying all -48V consumers within the BTSE out of 230V AC 3 phase system for the world market and 207V AC 2 phase system (240V phase to phase) for the US market

• supplying external equipment with -48V

• charging and supervising of different battery types with different capacities and to

two battery backup systems per AC/DC Frame

• supervising rectiﬁers, batteries and alarm messaging

• switching off DC outputs (rectiﬁers as well as battery) in case of under and over

temperature

• hot plug in/out

• operation of two Frames in parallel

The AC/DC and the backup batteries work as an Uninterruptable Power Supply System (UPS).

The AC/DC system consists of:

• Frame with AC distribution, DC Distribution, EMI-ﬁlter, signal distribution between rectiﬁers and controller board via backplane

• controller board with battery supervision, rectiﬁer supervision, alarm interface, EEPROM to store PID

• up to 6rectiﬁer modules per Frameeach 720W-48VDC(N+1 redundancy toachieve 3600W+720W).

Due to the maximum ambient temperature of +55 °C (+131 °F) the DC

output power of one AC/DC module is limited to 720W. Bydecreasingthe maximum ambienttemperatureto +50 °C (+122°F)the maximum output power of one AC/DC module is increased to 800W without any change in the module or in the Frame AC/DC.

• two LVD-Relays per AC/DC Frame

The Backup Battery guarantees continuous operation for a certain time in case of a power main breakdown or AC/DC failure. Four types of Backup Battery with nominal capacities of 80Ah, 85Ah, 92Ah and 100Ah are available.

The capacity of the Backup Battery can be increased further by having additional batteries in separate Service Racks / Shelters.

Note: The Battery Backup Time can also be extended using the feature emergency configuration.

5.1 Support of Emergency Operation for 3rd Party BBU System

In the BS-240/241 implementation the switch into emergency configuration (due to a battery discharge alarm) is triggered by an "ALARM STATUS" CAN bus message that has been received from the CAN node of the AC/DC controller.

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Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-240/241

A special setting of the attribute "associatedString" in the command "CREATE ENVABTSE" for the corresponding site input allows the operator to indicate that the support of emergency configuration is required for the 3rd party battery backup unit system.

The string indicates from which source, AC/DC CAN node or site input, the trigger for the emergency configuration is expected. In case the string pattern is set to "##ACDC_FAULT", the trigger is expected from the site input of the corresponding ENVABTSE object. In all othercases the normal behavior is maintained. For simplicity, there is no check if the string "##ACDC_FAULT" is used for more than one ENVABTSE object.

If the operator has set the "associatedString" attribute of an ENVABTSE object to "##ACDC_FAULT" for the AC/DC alarm line, the emergency configuration is deactivated if all trigger sources have ceased their alarm.

Information

Base Station System

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6 Abbreviations

AC Alternate Current AC Authentication Centre ACLK Advanced Clock ACOM Antenna Combiner ACP AC Panel ACTC Alarm Collection Terminal Connection

module ACTM Alarm Collection Terminal for Master Rack ACTP Alarm Collection Terminal for Slave Rack AMCO Amplifier Multi Coupler AMR Adaptive Multi Rate Codec ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit ASU Antenna Supervision Unit BCC Base Core Controller BISON Bit Switch for Optimized Network Architec-

ture BTSE Base Transceiver Station Equipment CC-Link Core Carrier Unit Link COBA Core Basis COSA Core Satellite CU Carrier Unit DC Direct Current DIAMCO Diversity Amplifier Multi Coupler DL Downlink DUAMCO Duplex Amplifier Multi Coupler ECU Edge Carrier Unit EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution EFR Enhanced Full-Rate FICOM Filter Combiner FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array FR Full-Rate GPRS General Packed Radio System GSMK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying HDLC High Level Data Link Control HPDU High Power Duplexer Unit HR Half-Rate HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data HW Hardware LE Link Equipment LMT Local Maintenance Terminal

Technical Description (TED:BSS)

BS-240/241

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LNA Low Noise Amplifier LTG Loadable Timing Generation LTL Local Test Loop LVD Low Voltage Detect MODUP Modulator and Upconverter MUCO Multi Coupler NTC Negative Thermal Coefficient O&M Operation and Maintenance OCVCXO Oven Controlled VCXO OMT Operation and Maintenance Terminal OVPT Overvoltage Protection and Tracer PATRX Power Amplifier and Transceiver Unit PCB Printed Circuit Board PCM Pulse Code Modulation PDU Power Distribution Unit PID Product Identification Data PSU Power Supply Unit PWRDET Power Detector PWRSTG Power Stage RF Radio Frequency RXA Analogue receiver board RXFED Receiver Front End Diversity RXFEM Receiver Front End Main RXLO Receiver Local Oscillator SELIC Serial Link Interface Controller (ASIC) SIPRO Signal Processing Unit TMA Tower Mounted Amplifier TNF Tunable Narrowband Filter TOP Tracking Oscillator TRAU Transcoding and Rate Adaption Unit TXA Analogue transmitter board TXLO Transmitter Local Oscillator UL Uplink UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply System VCXO Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator

Information

Base Station System

A30808-X3247-L14-2-7618

Siemens BS-240, BS-241 Technical Description

Contents

Illustrations

Tables

1 Introduction

1.1 Main Features

1.2 Technical Data

2 Hardware Architecture

2.1 Board Redundancy

2.1.1 AC/DC

2.1.2 Core

3 Description of Modules

3.1 Core (COBA and COSA)

3.1.1 Core Basis (COBA2P8)

3.1.2 Core Satellite (COSA6P16)

3.2 Carrier Unit (CU)

3.3 EDGE Carrier Unit

3.4 GMSK Carrier Units (GCU)

3.7 Filter Combiner (FICOM)

3.9 High Power Duplexer Unit (HPDU)

3.10 DC Panel (DCP)

3.11 Alarm Collection Terminal (ACT)

3.12 AC/DC Converter (AC/DC)

3.12.1 DC and Battery Controller (DCBCTRL)

3.13 Overvoltage Protection and Tracer (OVPT)

3.14 Abis Connection Module (ABISCON)

3.15 Abis Link Equipment (LE)

3.16 Cover Parts

3.17 Backup Battery (BATTERY)

4.1 Methods of Combining

4 Antenna Combiners and Receiving Paths

4.1.1 Typical Combiner Losses (TX path) and Output Power Level

4.1.3 Parameters of Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA)

4.1.4 Examples of possible BTSE configurations

4.2 Receiving Paths

4.2.1 Antenna diversity techniques

4.2.1.1 Antenna System Modules

4.2.2 Receiver Sensitivity

4.3 Transmission Diversity Time Delay

4.4 FCC Issues (for US Market only)

5 Power Supply and Battery Backup

5.1 Support of Emergency Operation for 3rd Party BBU System

6 Abbreviations