Rockwell Automation 1402-LSM User Manual
Allen-Bradley
ALLEN-BRADLEY
Line
Synchronization
Module
(Bulletin 1402 LSM)
Installation
and Operation
Manual
Important User Information
Solid state equipment has operational characteristics differing from those of
electromechanical equipment. “Safety Guidelines for the Application,
Installation and Maintenance of Solid State Controls” (Publication SGI-1.1)
describes some important differences between solid state equipment and
hard–wired electromechanical devices. Because of this difference, and also
because of the wide variety of uses for solid state equipment, all persons
responsible for applying this equipment must satisfy themselves that each
intended application of this equipment is acceptable.
In no event will the Allen-Bradley Company be responsible or liable for
indirect or consequential damages resulting from the use or application of
this equipment.
The examples and diagrams in this manual are included solely for illustrative
purposes. Because of the many variables and requirements associated with
any particular installation, the Allen-Bradley Company cannot assume
responsibility or liability for actual use based on the examples and diagrams.
No patent liability is assumed by Allen-Bradley Company with respect to use
of information, circuits, equipment, or software described in this manual.
Reproduction of the contents of this manual, in whole or in part, without
written permission of the Allen-Bradley Company is prohibited.
Throughout this manual we use notes to make you aware of safety
considerations.
ATTENTION: Identifies information about practices or
circumstances that can lead to personal injury or death, property
!
damage, or economic loss.
Attentions help you:
• identify a hazard
• avoid the hazard
• recognize the consequences
Important: Identifies information that is especially important for successful
application and understanding of the product.
PLC and PLC–5 are registered trademarks of Allen-Bradley Company, Inc.
ControlView is a trademark of the Allen-Bradley Company, Inc.
Table of Contents
Product Description 1–1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter Objectives 1–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction 1–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Description 1–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Synchronization and Load Share Errors 1–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Measurements 1–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Module Configuration 1–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation 2–1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Location 2–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enclosure 2–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mounting 2–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power Supply 2–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chassis Grounding 2–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Swing Arm 2–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wiring 2–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prevent Electrostatic Discharge 2–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PT and CT Transformer Selection 2–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PT Selection 2–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CT Selection 2–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PT and CT Wiring Connections 2–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connection for Three Phase WYE (Star),
4 Wire Systems 2–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connection for Three Phase WYE (Star),
3 Wire Systems 2–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connection for Three Phase Delta,
3 Wire Systems with 3 PT’s & 3 CT’S 2–5. . . . . . . . . . . .
Connection for Three Phase Open Delta,
3 Wire Systems with 2 PT’s & 3 CT’S 2–5. . . . . . . . . . . .
Connection for Three Phase Open Delta,
3 Wire Systems with 2 PT’s & 2 CT’S 2–5. . . . . . . . . . . .
Neutral Connection 2–5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current Transformer Connections 2–6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maintenance 2–6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calibration 2–6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Field Service Considerations 2–6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Operation 3–1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter Objectives 3–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operational Characteristics 3–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Functional 3–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Configuration 3–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Synchronization 3–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power Monitoring 3–6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Load Sharing 3–7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control 3–8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self–test 3–8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Update Rate 3–9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accuracy 3–9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
T
able of Contents
PLC Interface 3–9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discrete I/O Interface 3–9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discrete Outputs (From the PLC Processor) 3–10. . . .
Discrete Inputs (To the PLC Processor) 3–10. . . . . . . .
Block Transfer Data Interface 3–10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Configuration Software Support 3–11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6200 Software 3–11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Application Information 4–1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview 4–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Modes of Operation 4–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monitor Only 4–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monitor with Load Share 4–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Synchronization and Monitor 4–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Synchronization and Monitor with Load Share 4–2. .
Interfacing to the LSM 4–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Block Transfer Communications 4–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Configuration 4–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acquiring Data From the LSM 4–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discrete Input / Output Control of the LSM 4–4. . . . . . . .
Discrete Outputs From The PLC–5 4–4. . . . . . . . . . .
Discrete Inputs to the PLC–5 4–6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ladder Program Description 4–8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Files Used 4–9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accessing BTR Data from PLC Ladder 4–11. . . . . . . . . . .
Catalog Number Explanation A–1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Line Synchronization Module A–1.
Block Transfer and Discrete I/O Definition B–1.
Sample Ladder Listing C–1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Line Synchronization Module
Mechanical Dimensions D–1.
Bulletin 1402 Technical Specifications E–1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
CSA Hazardouis Location Approval E–2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compliance to European Union Directives E–4. . . . . . . . . . .
ii
Using This Manual
Preface
A–B
What This Manual Contains
Review the table below to familiarize yourself with the topics contained in
this manual.
For information about: Refer to chapter:
Product features and System applications
Synchronization Functions
Extensive Array of Monitoring Information
Installing the Line Synchronization Module
Wiring and Transformer Selection
Operational Characteristics
PLC Interface
Configuration Software Support – 6200 Software
Modes of Operation
Block Transfer Communications
Configuration Information
Ladder Program Description
Catalog Number Explanation Appendix A
Block Transfer and Discrete I/O Definition Appendix B
Sample Ladder Listing Appendix C
Mechanical Dimensions Appendix D
Technical Specifications Appendix E
1
2
3
4
For More Information on Additional Power Quality Products
For this information: Refer to:
Catalog Number 1400–PD Installation and Operation Manual Publication 1400–5.2
Catalog Number 1400–SP Installation and Operation Manual Publication 1400–801
Installing the Communications Card Instructions
Catalog Number 1400–DCU
RS–232C and RS–485 Convertor Instructions
Catalog Number 1400–CC
LSM Application Notes Publication 1402Catalog Number 1403-MM Powermonitor II Instruction Sheet Publication 1403-5.0
Catalog Number 1003-NSC Smart Communications Card
Instruction Sheet
Powermonitor II Tutorial Publication 1403-1.0.2
Publication
1400–5.0
Publication
1400–5.1
Publication 1403-5.1
i
Preface
Using This Manual
Terms and Conventions
In this manual, the following terms and conventions are used:
Abbreviation Term
AWG American Wire Gage
BTR Block Transfer Read
BTW Block Transfer Write
CT Current Transformer
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
ID Identification
LED Light Emitting Diode
I/O Inputs and Outputs should be considered with respect to the PLC processor
LSM Line Synchronization Module
PT Potential Transformer
RAM Random Access Memory
RFI Radio Frequency Interference
RMS Root–mean–square
ROM Read Only Memory
VA Volt–ampere
VAR Volt–ampere Reactive
ii
Chapter
Chapter
Objectives
Introduction
A–B
1
Product Description
After reading this chapter, you should be able to identify the product features
and system applications.
The Bulletin 1402, Line Synchronization Module (LSM), is designed to meet
the needs of manufacturers, system integrators, and users of 3 phase
alternators and cogeneration systems or for applications that require two
three–phase systems to be synchronized with each other. The module
provides means for automatic synchronization, load sharing, and high speed
power system monitoring.
General Description
The Line Synchronization Module (LSM) is a two slot 1771 form factor
module that fits into a standard Allen–Bradley 1771 I/O chassis. It performs
three functions:
1. Measures appropriate parameters from the two three–phase systems and
provides control and error signals to implement engine governor control
for synchronization.
2. Provides an analog output that is representative of the ratio of the power
being supplied by the alternator to the output rating of the alternator,
reads an analog input that represents the ratio of the total system load
being supplied to the total system capacity, and provides an error signal to
adjust the alternator for proper load sharing based on the instantaneous
load requirements.
3. Performs as a multi–function digital power monitor for the system.
These functions provide data and control signals which are communicated to
the PLC-5 via the 1771 backplane.
1–1
Chapter 1
Product Description
Synchronization and Load Share Errors
In order to synchronize two three phase systems without high instantaneous
energy transfer, the voltage, frequency, and phase displacement of the two
systems must be matched. Kilowatt Load Sharing can be implemented by
matching the ratio of power system load to system capacity to the ratio of
actual alternator power to rated alternator power. The LSM provides the
following information to allow the user’s system to achieve the necessary
control actions.
• Voltage Match Error (in steps of 0.05 percent)
• Frequency Match Error, or slip (in steps of 0.01 Hz)
• Synchronizing Bus to Reference Bus Phase Match Error (in steps of 1
degree)
• Load Sharing Error (scalar quantity between 0.000 and 1.000)
• Synchronization Status
— Frequency Within Limits
— Voltage Within Limits
— Phase Within Limits
— Synchronization Mode Conflict Failure
— Phase Rotation Mismatch Failure (3 phase synchronization mode only)
— No Reference Bus Voltage Present Failure
— No Synchronizing Bus Voltage Present Failure
— Reference Bus Over Voltage Failure
— Synchronizing Bus Over Voltage Failure
1–2
Chapter 1
Product Description
Measurements
Synchronizing Bus
Synchronizing Bus
Reference Bus
In addition to the synchronization function, the LSM provides an extensive
array of monitoring information for systems wired in Wye, Delta, or Open
Delta. The monitored data is shown below:
T
able 1.1
Current in Amps (per phase & neutral)
Average Current in Amps
Positive Sequence Current in Amps
Negative Sequence Current in Amps
Percent Current Unbalance
Voltage in Volts (per phase L–L, also L–N on 4–wire systems)
Average Voltage in Volts (L–L, also L–N on 4–wire systems)
Positive Sequence Voltage in Volts
Negative Sequence Voltage in Volts
Percent Voltage Unbalance
Frequency in Hz
Phase Rotation (ABC, ACB)
Power Factor in Percent (total, also per phase on 4–wire systems)
Watts (total & per phase on 4–wire systems)
VA (total & per phase on 4–wire systems)
VAR (total & per phase on 4–wire systems)
Power Consumption in kW Hours
Reactive Power Consumption in kVAR Hours
Demand (Amps, VA, & Watts)
Voltage per phase in Volts (per phase L–L, also L–N on 4–wire systems)
Average Voltage in Volts (L–L, also L–N on 4–wire systems)
Frequency in Hz
Phase Rotation (ABC, ACB)
Module Configuration
All voltage and current measurements are true RMS. The power
measurements are calculated from the instantaneous voltage and current
measurements. The remainder of the monitoring information is derived from
these values.
Before the LSM can perform its intended functions, it must be configured by
the user. The module is configured by providing the required data via a block
transfer to the module. The block transfer data can be entered into the PLC-5
manually or with the 6200 Version 4.4 I/O Configuration Software. The 6200
Software can also be used to monitor the operation of the module.
1–3
Chapter 1
Product Description
1–4
Chapter
Location
Enclosure
A–B
2
Installation
The Bulletin 1402 Line Synchronization Module (LSM) should be installed
in a Bulletin 1771 I/O chassis that is located in a dry, dirt free environment
away from heat sources and very high electric or magnetic fields. The
module is designed to operate in an ambient temperature between 0 and 60°
Celsius. The LSM is typically installed in a local rack in order to maximize
data transfer rates.
This equipment is classified as open equipment and must be installed
(mounted in an enclosure during operation as a means of providing safety
protection. The enclosure chosen should protect the LSM from atmospheric
contaminants such as oil, moisture, dust, corrosive vapors, or other harmful
airborne substances. A steel enclosure is recommended to guard against EMI
(Electromagnetic Interference) & RFI (Radio Frequency Interference).
Mounting
Power Supply
Chassis Grounding
The enclosure should be mounted in a position that allows the doors to open
fully. This will allow easy access to the wiring of the LSM and related
components so that servicing is convenient.
When choosing the enclosure size, extra space should be allowed for
associated application equipment such as, transformers, fusing, disconnect
switch, master control relay, and terminal strips.
The LSM mounts in two slots of a Bulletin 1771 Series B, I/O chassis.
Mounting dimensions will vary with the size of the chassis selected. Refer to
the appropriate 1771 literature for specific dimensions.
The LSM backplane power requirement is 1.1A at 5V DC. Refer to the
appropriate 1771 literature for additional information on available power
supply current.
For correct and reliable performance, the grounding recommendations
specified for Allen–Bradley PLC systems must be followed.
2–1
Chapter 2
Installation
Swing Arm
Wiring
The LSM requires the use of a Cat. No. 1771-WC (10 position, gold
contacts) Swing Arm.
There are two sets of terminals associated with the LSM; a 10 position
swingarm and an 8 position fixed terminal block. All customer wiring to the
LSM is accomplished via these terminals on the front of the module. The
10–position swingarm is used to make all of the voltage (PT) connections to
the module as well as the Load Share connections. These connections are
designed to accommodate wire size 0.5 mm
2
mm
(14 AWG). The 8–position fixed terminal block is used to make all of
the current (CT) connections. These connections are designed to
accommodate gauge wire size 0.5 mm
3.25 mm
Phasing and polarity of the AC current and voltage inputs and their
relationship are critical for the correct operation of the unit. Figure 2.1
through Figure 2.5 shown on Pages 2–7 through 2–11 provide wiring
diagrams to help ensure correct installation.
Two (2) conductor shielded wire (22 gauge or greater) should be used for
Load Share wiring. The shield shall be grounded at the PLC Chassis ground
point only.
2
(12 AWG).
2
(22 AWG) through size 2.0
2
(22 AWG) through ring lugs size
Prevent Electrostatic Discharge
ATTENTION: Electrostatic discharge can damage integrated
circuits or semiconductors if you touch backplane connector pins.
!
Follow these guidelines when you handle the module:
• Touch a grounded object to discharge static potential.
• Wear an approved wrist-strap grounding device.
• Do not touch the backplane connector or connector pins.
• Do not touch circuit components inside the module.
• If available, use a static-safe work station.
• When not in use, keep the module in its static-shield box.
2–2
Chapter 2
Installation
PT and CT Transformer Selection
For proper monitoring and synchronization, correct selection of current
transformers (CT’s) and potential transformers (PT’s) is critical. The
following paragraphs provide the information required to choose these
transformers. Also refer to transformer operational characteristics Pages 3–2
and “Factory Configuration Parameters” listed on Page B–2.
PT Selection
The LSM is designed for a nominal full scale input voltage of 120V AC. The
user must supply transformers to scale down the system L–N (Wye) or L–L
(Delta) voltage to the full scale input rating of the module. The PT’s should
be selected as follows:
• Wye (Star) Configuration – PT primary rating = L–N voltage or nearest
higher standard size. PT secondary rating = 120 Volts.
• Delta or Open–Delta Configuration – PT primary rating = system L–L
voltage. PT secondary rating = 120 Volts.
PT quality directly affects system accuracy. The PT’s must provide accurate
linearity and maintain the proper phase relationship between voltage and
current in order for the Phase Error, Volts, kW, and Power Factor readings to
be valid. Instrument accuracy Class 1 or better is recommended. The LSM
PT inputs represent a O.O2 VA burden.
CT Selection
The LSM uses current transformers (CT’s) to sense the current in each phase
of the power feed from the synchronizing voltage source, and may optionally
be included in the ground or neutral conductor. The precision of the selected
CT’s will directly affect the device accuracy.
The CT secondary should have a rating of 5A full scale and a burden
capacity greater than 3VA. The LSM Module CT Inputs represent a burden
of 0.0025VA.
ATTENTION: The CT primary rating is normally selected to be
equal to the current rating of the power feed protection device.
However, if the peak anticipated load is much less than the rated
!
system capacity, then improved accuracy and resolution can be
obtained by selecting a lower rated CT. Generally, the CT size
should be the maximum expected peak current +25%, rounded
up to the nearest standard CT size.
2–3
Chapter 2
PT an
ing Connections
Installation
Other factors may affect CT accuracy. The length of the CT cabling should
be minimized because long cabling could contribute to excessive power load
on the CT and inaccuracy. The CT burden rating must exceed the combined
burden of the LSM plus cabling plus any other devices connected in the
measuring circuit (burden is the amount of load being fed by the CT,
measured in Volt–Amps calculated at 5A full scale.).
Overall accuracy is dependent on the combined accuracy of the Bulletin
1402, the CT’s, and the PT’s. Instrument accuracy Class 1 or better is
recommended.
ATTENTION: A CT circuit must not be opened under power.
Wiring between the CT’s and the LSM should include a terminal
!
block for shorting the CT’s. Open CT’s secondaries can produce
hazardous voltages, which can lead to personal injury or death,
property damage or economic loss.
d CT Wir
Connection for Three Phase WYE (Star), 4 Wire Systems
Figure 2.1 shown on Page 2–7 provides a wiring diagram for 4–wire WYE
(Star) systems. The “Voltage Mode” of the LSM should be set to “1” (as
described in Chapter 3, “General Operation”) for 4–wire WYE systems.
The LSM senses the line to neutral (or ground) voltage of each phase. The
PT primaries and secondaries must be wired in a WYE (Star) configuration
as shown in the figure. Voltage input leads should be protected by circuit
breakers or fuses at their source. If the power rating of the PT’s is over 25
Watts, secondary fuses should be used. Wiring and polarity marks must be
exactly as shown for correct operation.
Connection for Three Phase WYE (Star), 3 Wire Systems
Figure 2.2 shown on Page 2–8 provides a wiring diagram for 3–wire WYE
(Star) systems. The “Voltage Mode” of the LSM should be set to “1” (as
described in Chapter 3, “General Operation”) for 3–wire WYE systems.
The LSM senses the line to neutral voltage of each phase. The PT primaries
and secondaries must be wired in a WYE (Star) configuration as shown in
the figure. Voltage input leads should be protected by circuit breakers or
fuses at their source. If the power rating of the PT’s is over 25 Watts,
secondary fuses should be used. Wiring and polarity marks must be exactly
as shown for correct operation.
2–4
Chapter 2
PT an
ing Connections
Installation
d CT Wir
Continued
Connection for Three Phase Delta, 3 Wire Systems with 3 PT’s & 3 CT’S
When configured for ungrounded (floating) Delta operation, the LSM senses
the L–L voltages between each of the phases. The “Voltage Mode” of the
LSM should be set to “2” (as described in Chapter 3, “General Operation”).
Figure 2.3 shown on Page 2–9 provides the wiring diagram for this
configuration. Wiring and polarity marks must be exactly as shown for
correct operation.
Connection for Three Phase Open Delta, 3 Wire Systems with
2 PT’s & 3 CT’S
When configured for ungrounded or Open Delta operation, the LSM senses
the L–L voltages between each of the phases. The “Voltage Mode” of the
LSM should be set to “4” (as described in Chapter 3, “General Operation”).
Figure 2.4 shown on Page 2–10 provides the wiring diagram for this
configuration. Wiring and polarity marks must be exactly as shown for
correct operation.
Connection for Three Phase Open Delta, 3 Wire Systems with
2 PT’s & 2 CT’S
When configured for ungrounded (floating) Open Delta operation, the LSM
senses the L–L voltages between each of the phases. The “Voltage Mode” of
the LSM should be set to “4” (as described in Chapter 3, “General
Operation”). Figure 2.5 shown on Page 2–11 provides the wiring diagram for
this configuration. Wiring and polarity marks must be exactly as shown for
correct operation.
Neutral Connection
The voltage reference terminal, “Neutral”, of the LSM serves as the zero
voltage reference for voltage readings. A low impedance Neutral connection
is essential for accurate measurement. The length of the wire should be as
short as possible. It should be made using a dedicated size 2.0 mm
AWG) wire, or larger, to a point in close proximity to the LSM. This will
provide minimal voltage error due to other distribution voltage drops.
The connection point for “Neutral” is the point where the PT secondary leads
are common.
2
(14
2–5
Chapter 2
Installation
Current Transformer Connections
The LSM is equipped with four CT inputs, designated I1 – I4. Inputs I1 – I3
are used to measure the current in the synchronizing circuit. These inputs are
wired as shown on Pages 2–7 through 2–11 in Figure 2.1 through Figure 2.5.
Input I4 is optional and is typically used to measure current in the neutral or
ground conductor. The primary rating for I4 can be different than the primary
rating for transformers I1 – I3. However, the secondary rating for all of the
CT’s must be 5 Amps.
Current connections may remain unused for a system that only performs
synchronization. Unused terminals should be wired to chassis ground for
noise immunity.
Maintenance
Calibration
Field
Service Considerations
The LSM does not require any special maintenance.
The calibration interval for the LSM depends on the user’s accuracy
requirements. To meet general operating requirements, regular calibration is
not necessary.
Contact your nearest Allen–Bradley Sales Office for calibration or service
information.
If the LSM requires servicing, please contact your nearest Allen-Bradley
Sales Office. To minimize your inconvenience, the initial installation should
be performed in a manner which makes removal easy.
1. A CT shorting block should be provided to allow the LSM current inputs
to be disconnected without open circuiting the user supplied CTs. The
shorting block should be wired to prevent any effect on the external
protective relays.
2. All wiring should be routed to allow easy maintenance at connections to
the LSM terminal strips, the swing-arm, and the LSM itself.
2–6
ATTENTION: A CT circuit must not be opened with primary
current present.. Wiring between the CT’s should include a
!
terminal block for shorting the CT’s. Open CT secondaries will
produce hazardous voltages, which can lead to personal injury or
death, property damage, economic loss or CT failure.
Chapter 2
Installation
Synchronizing
L1 L2 L3 N
CT
CT
Bus V
oltage
CT
Fuse
Fuse
Fuse
Figure 2.1
PT
PT
PT
– Wiring Diagram for 4–Wire Wye Connection
Customer Supplied
CT Shorting Switch
or T
est Block
Load Share Circuit
1
L3+
2
L3–
3
L2+
4
L2–
5
L1+
6
L1–
7
Neutral +
Neutral –
8
A
Load Share +
0
Load Share –
LSM
CT Terminal Block
LSM
Swingarm
Reference Bus V
L1 L2 L3 N
oltage
Fuse
Fuse
Fuse
PT
PT
PT
NOTE: See Appendix E for CE compliant wiring requirements.
Customer Chassis
Ground
1
Load Share Shield
No Internal Connection
2
Synchronizing Bus V3
3
Synchronizing Bus V2
4
Synchronizing Bus V1
5
Neutral
6
Reference Bus V3
7
Reference Bus V2
B
Reference Bus V1
2–7
Chapter 2
Installation
Synchronizing
L1 L2 L3
CT
Bus V
CT
oltage
CT
Fuse
Fuse
Fuse
Figure 2.2
PT
PT
PT
– Wiring Diagram for 3–Wire Wye Connection
Customer Supplied
CT Shorting Switch
est Block
or T
1
4
5
6
7
Load Share Circuit
A
L3+
2
L3–
3
L2+
L2–
L1+
L1–
Neutral +
Neutral –
8
Load Share +
0
Load Share –
LSM
CT Terminal Block
LSM
Swingarm
2–8
Reference Bus V
L1 L2 L3
oltage
Fuse
Fuse
Fuse
PT
PT
PT
NOTE: See Appendix E for CE compliant wiring requirements.
Customer Chassis
Ground
1
Load Share Shield
No Internal Connection
2
Synchronizing Bus V3
3
Synchronizing Bus V2
4
Synchronizing Bus V1
5
Neutral
6
Reference Bus V3
7
Reference Bus V2
B
Reference Bus V1
Chapter 2
Installation
Synchronizing
L1 L2 L3
CT
Bus V
CT
oltage
CT
Fuse
Figure 2.3
PT
– Wiring Diagram for 3 Transformer Delta Connection
Customer Supplied
CT Shorting Switch
or T
est Block
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
L3+
L3–
L2+
L2–
L1+
L1–
Neutral +
Neutral –
CT Terminal Block
LSM
Reference Bus V
L1 L2 L3
oltage
Fuse
Fuse
Fuse
Fuse
Fuse
PT
PT
PT
PT
PT
NOTE: See Appendix E for CE compliant wiring requirements.
Customer Chassis
Ground
Load Share Circuit
A
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
LSM
Swingarm
Load Share +
Load Share –
Load Share Shield
No Internal Connection
Synchronizing Bus V3
Synchronizing Bus V2
Synchronizing Bus V1
Neutral
Reference Bus V3
Reference Bus V2
Reference Bus V1
2–9
Chapter 2
Installation
Synchronizing
L1 L2 L3
CT
Bus V
CT
oltage
CT
Fuse
Figure 2.4
PT
– Wiring Diagram for 2 Transformer Open–Delta Connection
Customer Supplied
CT Shorting Switch
or T
est Block
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
L3+
L3–
L2+
L2–
L1+
L1–
Neutral +
Neutral –
LSM
CT Terminal Block
Reference Bus V
L1 L2 L3
oltage
Fuse
Fuse
Fuse
PT
PT
PT
NOTE: See Appendix E for CE compliant wiring requirements.
Customer Chassis
Ground
Load Share Circuit
A
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
LSM
Swingarm
Load Share +
Load Share –
Load Share Shield
No Internal Connection
Synchronizing Bus V3
Synchronizing Bus V2
Synchronizing Bus V1
Neutral
Reference Bus V3
Reference Bus V2
Reference Bus V1
2–10
Chapter 2
Installation
Synchronizing
L1 L2 L3
CT
Bus V
oltage
CT
Fuse
Figure 2.5
PT
– Wiring Diagram for 2 Transformer Open–Delta Connection With 2 CT’
Customer Supplied
CT Shorting Switch
est Block
or T
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
L3+
L3–
L2+
L2–
L1+
L1–
Neutral +
Neutral –
LSM
CT Terminal Block
s
Reference Bus V
L1 L2 L3
oltage
Fuse
Fuse
Fuse
PT
PT
PT
NOTE: See Appendix E for CE compliant wiring requirements.
Customer Chassis
Ground
Load Share Circuit
A
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
LSM
Swingarm
Load Share +
Load Share –
Load Share Shield
No Internal Connection
Synchronizing Bus V3
Synchronizing Bus V2
Synchronizing Bus V1
Neutral
Reference Bus V3
Reference Bus V2
Reference Bus V1
2–11
Chapter 2
Installation
2–12
Chapter
ational
acteristics
Chapter
Oper
Objectives
Char
A–B
3
General Operation
This chapter:
• introduces the user to the controls and operation
• describes each function
• defines operating parameters
Functional
The LSM has six different modes of operation. These modes are described
below.
Configuration
Before the LSM can perform its intended functions, it must be configured by
the integrator/OEM or user. Configuration is accomplished by sending the
appropriate information to the module via the “Block Transfer Write”
mechanism. Configuration data is compared with acceptable values. The user
can obtain acknowledgment of the configuration data by using the “Block
Transfer Read” mechanism for access to the module’s response. If
out–of–range or illegal values were entered, an error indication that identifies
the illegal or out–of–range entries is returned. If the data is acceptable, an
acknowledgment indication is returned. The new configuration data is then
used to scale the monitoring data and to set up the synchronization and load
sharing functions.
Whenever new configuration data is sent to the LSM, all module functions
(synchronization, load–sharing, and monitoring) are terminated, and the
values for “Amps Demand”, “kVA Demand”, and “kW Demand” are cleared.
The values for “kW Hours” and “kVAR Hours” are maintained at the values
present before the new configuration data was sent. The new configuration
data is then evaluated. Upon acceptance of the new configuration data, the
module resumes normal operation.
A detailed description of the required configuration data follows. See “Block
Transfer Communications”, on Page 4–2 in the Application Information
chapter of this manual and Appendix B, “Block Transfer Tables and Discrete
I/O Definition”, for a detailed description of how the module performs block
transfers and how the associated data is organized.
3–1
Chapter 3
ational
acteristics
General Operation
Oper
Continued
Char
Voltage Mode
This entry is used to indicate if the system being monitored is wired in a
WYE, a Delta, or an open Delta. A value of “1” will indicate a WYE
system, a value of “2” will indicate a three transformer Delta system, and
a value of “4” will indicate a two transformer Open Delta system.
Line–to–Neutral values will be provided only when a WYE is configured.
PT Primary Rating
This entry is used to indicate the primary voltage rating of the user
supplied potential transformers. This information is used for scaling
purposes. The value of this parameter must be between 120 and 115,000.
Line and Neutral CT Primary Ratings
These entries are used to indicate the primary ampere rating of the user
supplied line and neutral current transformers. This information is used
for scaling purposes. The value of this parameter must be between 5 and
10,000.
Synchronization Method
This configuration entry is used to indicate which method of
synchronization is to be implemented. A value of “0” indicates the
delayed acceptance window method.
3–2
ATTENTION: The following acceptance limit values must be
set to fit the customer applications.
!
Voltage Match Error Upper and Lower Acceptance Limits
These entries are used to specify the upper and lower acceptance limits
for matching Synchronizing Bus voltage to the Reference Bus voltage.
The value is specified in steps of 0.05% and must be between 0.00 and
25.00 percent.
Frequency Match Error Upper and Lower Acceptance Limits
These entries are used to specify the upper and lower acceptance limits
for matching Synchronizing Bus frequency to the Reference Bus
frequency. The value is specified in steps of 0.01 Hz and must be between
0.00 and 1.00.
Chapter 3
ational
acteristics
General Operation
Oper
Continued
Char
Phase Match Error Upper and Lower Acceptance Limits
These entries are used to specify the upper and lower acceptance limits
for matching Synchronizing Bus phasing to the Reference Bus phasing.
The value is specified in degrees and must be between 0 and 45.
Acceptance Window Delay
This entry is used for the delayed acceptance window method of
synchronization. The value is specified in steps of 0.05 seconds and must
be between 0.00 and 10.00.
Maximum Synchronizing Bus Output Power
This entry is used to specify the power level at which the load sharing
output voltage will be at its maximum value. The ratio of the actual power
output to the value of this parameter is used to adjust the load sharing
output voltage. This value will be specified in kW and must be between 0
and 999,999.
Load Share Full–scale Voltage
This entry is used to specify the load share circuit’s full scale output
voltage. The value is specified in steps of 0.01 volts and must be between
2.00 and 4.00.
Load Share Excess
This entry is used to specify the threshold for initiating action to decrease
the Synchronizing Bus output power to the appropriate portion of the total
system load. The value is a scalar quantity between 0.000 and –0.500.
Load Share Deficit
This entry is used to specify the threshold for initiating action to increase
the Synchronizing Bus output power to the appropriate percentage of the
total system load. The value is a scalar quantity between 0.000 and
+0.500.
3–3
Chapter 3
ational
acteristics
General Operation
Oper
Continued
Char
Demand Period
This entry is used to specify the desired period for demand measurement.
The value is specified in minutes and must be between 1 and 99.
Number Of Demand Periods
This entry specifies the number of demand periods that should be
averaged to determine the actual demand. The value must be between 1
and 15.
Synchronization
functionality of the synchronization process is based on the
The
synchronization discrete outputs from the PLC–5 received via the PLC
backplane. The “Initiate Synchronization” output from the PLC–5 begins the
synchronization process when it is asserted. It must remain asserted during the
entire process. If the initiate signal is removed, the synchronization process is
terminated. In addition to the initiate signal, one of the
“Auto–Synchronization”, “Check Synchronization”, or the “Permissive
Synchronization” discrete outputs from the PLC–5 must be asserted. If more
than one of those signals is present, the synchronization fails and the
“Synchronization Failure” discrete input to the PLC–5 will be asserted.
Additional information pertaining to the cause of the failure may be obtained
by reading the appropriate block transfer data from the “Synchronizing Bus
Error Parameters” table. (See Appendix B, “Block T
Definition”, for additional information.) If new setup information is received
via block transfer while the LSM is in the Synchronization mode,
synchronization is terminated. The new configuration data is evaluated and
normal operation is resumed upon acceptance of the data.
ransfer and Discrete I/O
3–4
The “Auto–Synchronization” discrete output from the PLC–5 causes the
LSM to issue the appropriate error signals, both continuous discrete inputs
and via block transfer, to cause, via the PLC–5, the synchronizing bus
voltage, frequency, and phase to align with the reference bus. Once these
conditions are satisfied, the “Close Breaker” discrete input to the PLC–5 is
asserted based on the synchronization configuration. In the event a “dead
reference bus” condition exists, the “Synchronization Failure” discrete input
to the PLC–5 is asserted. Additional information pertaining to the cause of
the failure may be obtained by reading the appropriate block transfer data
from the “Synchronizing Bus Error Parameters” table. (See Appendix B,
“Block Transfer and Discrete I/O Definition”, for additional information.)
The “Check Synchronization” discrete output from the PLC–5 causes the
LSM to function in the same manner as the “Auto–Synchronization” discrete
output from the PLC–5 except it will not assert the “Close Breaker” discrete
input to the PLC–5. This mode is useful for testing the system.
Chapter 3
ational
acteristics
General Operation
Oper
Continued
Char
Synchronization Continued
The “Permissive Synchronization” discrete output from the PLC–5 prevents
the LSM from issuing any error signals, but it asserts the “Close Breaker”
discrete input to the PLC–5 if the synchronization criteria are satisfied. This
mode also recognizes a “dead reference bus” condition and asserts the “Close
Breaker” discrete input to the PLC–5 to allow an operator to bring the
synchronizing bus on line when the reference bus has failed.
The “Enable Single Phase Synchronization” discrete output from the PLC-5
allows for single phase synchronization. In this mode, only the voltages
applied to the V3 inputs of the synchronization bus and reference bus are
used for synchronization. Any voltages applied to the V1 and/or V2 inputs
are not used for synchronization purposes (i.e. phase rotation, dead-bus
conditions and over-voltage conditions). Other than not using the V1 and V2
inputs, single phase synchronization does not change the operation of Auto,
Check or Permissive synchronization functions.
• Voltage Match Error = 100 (Reference Bus Voltage – Synchronizing
Bus Voltage) /(Reference Bus Voltage)
• Frequency Match Error = (Reference Bus Frequency) – ( Synchronizing
Bus Frequency)
• Phase Match Error = (Reference Bus Voltage Zero–cross Degrees) –
(Synchronizing Bus Voltage Zero–cross Degrees) [This calculation is
performed on either both rising zero–crosses or both falling zero–crosses
and the result is adjusted to provide a value between –180 degrees and
+180 degrees.]
In the “Delayed Acceptance Window” method of synchronization, the “Close
Breaker” discrete input to the PLC–5 is asserted after the “Voltage Match
Error”, the “Frequency Match Error”, and the “Phase Match Error” have all
remained continuously within their respective acceptance windows for the
configured delay time, called: “Acceptance Window Delay”.
In the event the reference bus and synchronizing bus systems are opposite in
phase rotation, the synchronization fails. This is indicated by the
“Synchronization Failure” discrete input to the PLC–5. Additional
information pertaining to the cause of the failure may be obtained by reading
the appropriate block transfer data from the “Synchronizing Bus Error
Parameters” table. (See Appendix B, “Block Transfer and Discrete I/O
Definition”, for additional information.)
Important: While still indicated in single phase synchronization mode,
phase rotation mismatch will not set the “synchronization failure”
discrete input to the PLC-5.
3–5
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