NComputing L300 User Manual

L300, L230 and L130

Ethernet Virtual Desktops

with vSpace™

www.ncomputing.com

User Manual

L300/L230/L130 User Manual

Important Notices

Please note that reproduction of this User Manual in whole or in part, without express written permission from NComputing, is not permitted.

NComputing reserves the right to make improvements and/or changes to this User Manual and to the products, programs and/or specifications described herein at any time without notice. Information contained in this document may have been obtained from internal testing or from a third party. NComputing shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the use of this material. The latest version of this User Manual can be downloaded from the “Documentation” page in the Support section of the NComputing website at: www.ncomputing.com

Refer to the Limited Hardware Warranty applicable to your region for information on what is and what is not covered by the warranty, your responsibilities, exclusions, and how to obtain service. It is your responsibility to download a copy of the warranty at the time of purchase to keep for your records. The warranty can be downloaded from the “Documentation” page in the Support section of the NComputing website.

Please refer to the End User License Agreement (EULA) and Terms of Use (TOU) that are presented for your review during the software installation process. The information contained in these documents is very important. The EULA and TOU constitute agreements between you and NComputing and are accepted by you by installing and using the product. It is your responsibility to print a copy of the EULA and TOU directly from the installer in order to keep for your records.

This product gives users shared access to computer resources. It is not a computer, and may not support all software applications, especially high-resolution graphics applications or 3D games that are designed to be supported by stand-alone computers. Similarly, it may not support all hardware peripherals that are designed to be supported by stand-alone computers.

Refer to your computer operating system and application software vendors’ license agreements for information

on using these products with NComputing systems. Additional software licenses may be required. Microsoft® Windows® Licenses. You are licensed by NComputing to use the vSpace software under the

terms of the EULA. You must also acquire the appropriate number of Windows Server licenses and Client Access Licenses for each device or user accessing Windows Server software. You cannot use the vSpace software with Windows Client software (i.e., Windows Vista, Windows 7) unless a single user and no other user accesses the same Windows Client software at any one time, or you are authorized to do so under an

applicable license from Microsoft or as expressly set forth in the “Microsoft Windows Server to Windows XP

License Rights” section of the NComputing EULA. In all cases, your rights and obligations with respect to the

use of vSpace software with Windows Server software and Windows Client software are defined by both the NComputing vSpace software EULA and the applicable Microsoft Software License Agreement or EULA. For more information on licensing with Microsoft operating systems see: www.ncomputing.com/mslicensing For single user applications of your L-series product such as remote control, digital signage and 1:1 VDI refer to the same web page for information on client operating systems currently supported.

The NComputing hardware and software products described in this user manual are protected by numerous granted and pending U.S. and international patents. Some components of NComputing products utilize opensource software. Please refer to the GPL Declarations section of this User Manual for more information.

© 2003-2010 NComputing Inc. All rights reserved. NComputing, vSpace, and Numo are registered trademarks of NComputing Inc. – USA. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Media, and DirectShow are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Intel, Core 2, Core i5, and Core i7 are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. VESA is a trademark of Video Electronics Standards Association. Kensington is a trademark of ACCO World Corporation. QuickTime is a registered trademark of Apple, Inc. YouTube is a registered trademark of Google. Adobe and Adobe Flash are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems, Inc. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

L300/L230/L130 User Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SAFETY INFORMATION .................................................................................................................................................................... 4

REGULATORY COMPLIANCE ............................................................................................................................................................... 4

FCC INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

GPL DECLARATIONS.................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

PRODUCT OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7

INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

VSPACE SOFTWARE INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................................................................. 9

WINDOWS CONFIGURATION NOTES ............................................................................................................................................................. 11

L300 DEVICE SETUP ................................................................................................................................................................................. 12

L130 AND L230 DEVICE SETUP .................................................................................................................................................................. 14

ONLINE REGISTRATION .............................................................................................................................................................................. 18

OFFLINE REGISTRATION ............................................................................................................................................................................. 20

UPDATING THE VSPACE SOFTWARE ................................................................................................................................................ 23

UNINSTALLATION ............................................................................................................................................................................ 23

CLIENT ACCESS LICENSE (CAL) INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................................. 23

L300 ACCESS DEVICES .............................................................................................................................................................................. 24

L130/L230 ACCESS DEVICES ..................................................................................................................................................................... 31

USING THE VSPACE MANAGEMENT CONSOLE (VSPACE 4) ............................................................................................................... 36

SOFTWARE SETTINGS (LOCAL) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 37

SOFTWARE SETTINGS (LAN) ....................................................................................................................................................................... 43

HARDWARE SETTINGS (LAN/LOCAL) ............................................................................................................................................................ 44

USING THE NCOMPUTING MANAGEMENT CONSOLE (VSPACE 6) .................................................................................................... 47

NCOMPUTING VSPACE .............................................................................................................................................................................. 47

LICENSE INFORMATION .............................................................................................................................................................................. 48

TROUBLESHOOTING ERROR MESSAGES ........................................................................................................................................... 53

GLOSSARY ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 56

FAQ ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 58

L300/L230/L130 User Manual

This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Safety Information

Refer to the following to prevent any physical injury or loss of assets caused by damage to the product. A user must read this User Manual carefully before use and properly follow the instructions.

 Make sure that the place of installation is not too hot (above 35˚C), too cold (below 0˚C), or too wet

(above 85% relative humidity).

 Avoid any severe impacts to the product  Make sure that the product is not exposed to direct sunlight or any hot machinery.  Please keep the product away from any items which have strong magnetic properties.  Do not disassemble, repair or rebuild the product.  Please properly route all cables and power cords to avoid a tripping hazard. An electric shock, fire,

damage to the product or physical injury may occur as a result of tripping over the cable.

Regulatory Compliance

FCC Information

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules.

These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by one or the following measures:

 Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna  Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver  Connect the equipment to a power outlet on a circuit different from which the receiver is

connected

 Consult your dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s

authority to operate the equipment.

L300/L230/L130 User Manual

 기기의 명칭(모델명) : Multi-User Computing Access Device

(L230)

 인증 번호 : NCC-L230 (B)  인증 받은 자의 상호 : 엔컴퓨팅 주식회사  제조자/제조국가 : 엔컴퓨팅 주식회사/한국  제조년월 : 제품 뒷면 참고

NCC-L230 (B)

 기기의 명칭(모델명) : Multi-User Computing Access Device

(L130)

 인증 번호 : NCC-L130 (B)  인증 받은 자의 상호 : 엔컴퓨팅 주식회사  제조자/제조국가 : 엔컴퓨팅 주식회사/한국  제조년월 : 제품 뒷면 참고

NCC-L130 (B)

이 기기는 가정용으로 전자파 적합 등록을 한 기기로서 주거지역에서는 물론 모든 지역에서 사용할 수 있습니다.

 기기의 명칭(모델명) : Network virtual desktop (L300)  인증 번호 : NCC-L300 (B)  인증 받은 자의 상호 : 엔컴퓨팅 주식회사  제조자/제조국가 : 엔컴퓨팅 주식회사/한국  제조년월 : 제품 뒷면 참고

NCC-L300 (B)

전자파적합등록 (EMC Registration)

European Community:

Disposal Information:

This symbol means that according to local laws and regulations your product should be disposed of separately from household waste. The separate recycling of your product will help ensure that it is recycled in a manner that protects human health and the environment.

L300/L230/L130 User Manual

GPL Declarations

The NComputing L300 access device contains – in part – some free software (software licensed in a way that ensures your freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software). This free software is also contained in the L300 firmware update files that are distributed together with NComputing vSpace software installation packages that are expressly for the L300. The free software contained within the L300 firmware includes a version of X-LOADER, U-BOOT, LINUX, LIBSYSFS, LIBUCI, LIBUSBIP, ETHTOOL, UCLIBC, QT and BUSYBOX. In addition, NComputing vSpace software for Linux is distributed with some free software that includes EEVDEV (an extension to EVDEV) and NCXHCI (an extension to USBIP), both present in the additional software package called “Multi-user Extensions for Linux.” The aforementioned software components are free (see http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html for more details) software programs developed by the Free Software Foundation, a separate not-for-profit organization without any affiliation to NComputing, Inc. As part of the distribution of an L300 device, the associated vSpace software installation package, and/or vSpace software for Linux you were granted a license to the free software under the terms of either the GNU General Public License or GNU Lesser General Public License (“Licenses”; copies of which are available from http://www.gnu.org/licenses/licenses.html).

Further, for at least three (3) years from the date of distribution of the applicable product or software, we will give to anyone who contacts us at gplcoderequest@ncomputing.com, for a charge of no more than our cost of physically performing source code distribution, a machine-readable copy of the complete corresponding source code for the version of the software that we distributed to you. For additional information refer to this page on the NComputing website: www.ncomputing.com/gplcodedownload

L300/L230/L130 User Manual

L130

L230

L300

Maximum Screen Resolution (Wide)

1440x900

1920x1080

Maximum Screen Resolution (Standard 4:3)

1280x1024

1600x1200

Maximum Color Depth

16-bit

24-bit

Mouse & Keyboard Ports

PS/2

USB

Speaker Port

Yes

Microphone Port

Yes

USB Peripheral Ports

None

1 x USB*

2 x USB*

Acceleration for full-screen video support

Yes

Host System

Network

End User Environment

Access

Device

Product Overview

The NComputing L-series access devices with vSpace™ desktop virtualization software dramatically cut your computing costs by enabling multiple users to share a single PC, server or virtual machine. Each user gets their own virtual desktop with a rich, multimedia computing experience that is practically indistinguishable from running on a full PC. Best of all, IT staff and end users do not need special training because this end-to-end solution is easy to manage and is compatible with standard desktop applications.

L-series Models

This user manual covers three distinct L-series products: the L130, L230 and L300. The entry-level L130 provides all of the basic features needed for a good virtual desktop experience, complete with keyboard, mouse, monitor and speaker connections. The L230 adds a USB port for connecting storage devices, a microphone port, and more color depth for an even better user experience. The L300 delivers the best possible virtual desktop experience with the addition of a high-performance video acceleration system that supports full screen motion video, higher screen resolutions and more USB ports. This manual covers the Lseries on Windows operating systems (refer to the NComputing online Knowledge Base at

www.ncomputing.com/support and search on “OS Support,” for specific Windows operating systems

supported). For documentation on available Linux operating system support – refer to the Knowledge Base (search on “L-series Linux”). The following table summarizes the key differences between the products in the L-series family.

*NComputing L-series access devices use remote USB 1.1 or 2.0 to provide transparent USB redirection.

L300/L230/L130 User Manual

Recommended Host Hardware Configuration (L300)

Host Configurations

Number of Users1

1-10

10-20

20-30

30-50

50-75

75-100

CPU*

(minimum or equivalent)

Intel™ Core

2 Quad

Intel Core™

Intel Core i7

Dual Xeon™

Dual Xeon

Memory (32-bit OS)

4 GB

Memory (64-bit OS)

6 GB

8 GB

12 GB

16 GB

24 GB

System Requirements

Starting with L-series vSpace 6.5, the maximum number of users is increased to 100. However the number of users, intended application suite and overall performance expectation will ultimately determine how powerful a computer must be used in order to deliver the desired multi-user experience. The tables below give recommended specifications for a vSpace host computer running a typical application set, based on the number of users and type of access device. NComputing recommends you always test your environment in advance of deployment to ensure it meets your expectations.

1 The number of users that your installation will support depends upon the host's configuration and your end-users’ performance expectations. Performance results are highly dependent upon the individual host hardware, memory, applications being used, OS and network conditions within any LAN. Host requirements will vary, please test your multi-user environment before deployment.

32-bit operating systems are not supported with this number of users.

For additional sizing guidelines refer to the following Knowledge Base articles:

 Scaling vSpace Deployments  Deployment Checklist.

For Microsoft OS licensing information see the paragraph on page 3 and www.ncomputing.com/mslicensing

For each L-series device you will need:

 Keyboard and mouse (PS/2 for L130/L230 or USB for L300)  Monitor  A category 5/6 network cable to connect to your existing Ethernet network  Optional: speakers, headphones, microphones and USB peripherals

L300/L230/L130 User Manual

Installation

vSpace software installation

Per the instructions below, always check the NComputing website for the latest vSpace software. The software on the CD in your package may not be the latest version.

 Insert the software installation CD into the host computer's

CD drive. In most cases, a window will automatically appear after a few seconds with installation options. If it does not appear, go to "My Computer," open the CD drive's icon, and start the "Setup" application.

 At the initial setup screen, click the "Download Latest

Software" button. This will launch a browser window at the NComputing Software Download Center. Locate the correct software based on product model and operating system, and download the corresponding “zip” folder.

 Note that the current version of vSpace is always located

at www.ncomputing.com/downloads

 If internet access is unavailable, click “Browse CD” to locate the installer file per the next step  After downloading and extracting the installer files, or alternately locating them on the product CD, run

the vSpace Installer by launching “setup.exe” (vSpace 4) or the *.MSI installer (vSpace 6) for a first time installation. If you are updating an existing vSpace installation, refer to the Release Notes for specific install instructions.

 At the installer’s "Welcome" screen, click on the "Next" button which will take you to the antivirus and

firewall warning screen. Read and follow the instructions, then click on the "Next" button.

L300/L230/L130 User Manual

Note: When dealing with certain firewall applications, you may need to make sure that the

NComputing .exe files have proper access permission to the network. These .exe files include: KMSERVC.EXE, BOOTSRV.EXE, KMMSG.EXE, KMUPDATE.EXE, KMREGWIZ.EXE Within the Exceptions tab of the Windows Firewall the ports that should be opened are: TCP-Protocol: 27605, 27615, 3581, 3597, 3645, 3646, 3725 UDP-Protocol: 1027, 1283, 3581, 3725 Please see our Knowledge Base at http://www.ncomputing.com/support for more details.

 At the software End User License Agreement and Terms of Use screens, read the agreements and if

you agree, click on the "I agree" checkbox, and then click on the "Next" button.

 At the “Additional Options” screen (vSpace 4 only), you have the option to install the Network

Administrator Console on this host. If you choose to use an administrator password, enter it and retype it. Click on the "Next" button. For vSpace 6 the NC Console is automatically installed on each host.

 At the final “Confirm Installation” screen, click “Install” to begin the software installation and then follow

the additional prompts. This process may take up to 5 minutes to complete, and it is normal for the system to beep frequently. The installer may appear to stop, but if the mouse cursor regularly switches between the pointer and the hourglass, everything should be proceeding normally. If the installer takes longer than 15 minutes to complete, please contact NComputing technical support for assistance.

 At the "vSpace successfully installed" screen, click “Close” to end the installer, and select whether or

not to immediately restart the computer (a restart is required before vSpace can be used).

 Proceed to the following sections to connect your L-series devices, register and activate the software

and devices and update the device firmware (as needed).

L300/L230/L130 User Manual

Windows Configuration Notes

The following are some initial Windows configuration notes to be aware of.

 Windows 7* Installation: You must have administrative rights to install vSpace L-6.5.1.10 onto

Windows 7*. However, unlike in Server 2008 R2, the actual “Administrator” account is not

enabled by default in Windows 7. So, even though you may be logged-in as a Windows 7 user

that’s a member of the Administrators group, you still won’t have sufficient “administrative rights” to install vSpace 6, and the MSI installer will generate an error message saying: “You need

administrative rights to install this software. Installation Failed.” You need to launch the

“Administrative Command Prompt” by going to All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt

and then right-click and select “Run as administrator.” Once the “Administrative Command Prompt” console pops up, launch the installer using the following command:

 msiexec /i install-filename.msi

 MSI Installer and Uninstaller Options: The MSI installer for vSpace L-6.5.1.10 has

"ADDUSERS=0" available as a command line option to enable silent installs while suppressing the popup window asking if you want to add new users. An option is added to the uninstaller to provide options for handling an existing vSpace host license during a silent uninstall. The available options when running from the Command Line are:

 "DELETELICENSE=0" – do NOT remove vSpace license  "DELETELICENSE=1" – popup box will appear  "DELETELICENSE=2" – remove vSpace license without popup

 OS Settings: The Windows Power Options setting should be configured to “High Performance”

(under Control Panel > Hardware > Power options). Microsoft’s default power settings give a false impression that vSpace CPU utilization is much higher than on previous 32-bit operating systems.

 Windows 7 Desktop Theme: If you install the Windows Server 2008 R2 “Desktop Experience”

feature, start the “Themes” system service and set it to autostart, then each individual can

“personalize” their virtual desktop to use a Windows 7 - themed interface. However, remote sessions do not support the Aero “window transparency” feature for overlapping windows.

L300/L230/L130 User Manual

NOTE: The USB keyboard and mouse ports ONLY support these types of devices. No other types of USB devices are supported on these ports. The USB keyboard and USB mouse must be directly connected to these ports and cannot go through a separate USB hub. Peripherals with integrated USB hubs or combination keyboard/mouse devices are not supported by these ports. Other USB peripherals can be connected to the vertically oriented ports that are to the left of the audio ports – note that these generic ports are not active until you have connected to a vSpace session.

L300 Device Setup

(For L230 and L130 devices, see next section)

The L300 must be connected to the host PC via an Ethernet switch, router, or other network connection. The L300 has USB ports dedicated for mice and keyboards, as indicated by the mouse and keyboard symbols below the horizontally oriented USB ports. The vertically oriented USB ports to the left of the audio connections are for other USB devices.

Network connection

The L300 device can be configured to use DHCP-assigned network settings, or use static IP settings specified by the user. To use DHCP-assigned settings, power on the device, then go into the Device Setup, click the “Network” tab, and select the bullet labeled “DHCP.”

L300/L230/L130 User Manual

If static addressing configurations are used on the network, select “Static configuration” and supply the appropriate IP, Subnet Mask, Gateway, and DNS server (primary and alternate) information. Click “OK” to save changes and return to the main screen.

When your L300 device is connected to the network the “LNK” light (indicating Ethernet link) on the L300 front

panel should be on and you should see that the Ethernet activity light, “ACT,” also blinks when there is active Ethernet traffic to/from the device.

Installation with monitor mount

The L300 device comes with a mounting plate and two mounting screws, which can be secured to a monitor via 75mm or 100mm VESA™-compliant mounting holes. The L300 device then attaches to the mounting plate, resulting in a zero-footprint workstation. In general, we recommend using the top two mounting holes on the monitor to give maximum cable access space.

Note: The L300 product also comes with a Kensington™ security lock interface, for additional theft protection.

L300/L230/L130 User Manual

Important!

Please ensure that you have updated to the latest

vSpace software and device firmware and registered

your system before contacting technical support

with a problem. Many common issues can be

resolved with a simple update.

L300 Firmware Update

It is always recommended to use the latest available version of firmware on your L300 device. Each installation of vSpace includes the latest firmware, so no additional downloads are necessary to complete this

process. On some older versions of firmware, the firmware must be “pulled” by the device. On newer

versions (starting with “Board Ver. 10001” or “Version 1.00.01”), the firmware may be “pushed” to the device by

the vSpace software. Both methods are given below: To pull a new firmware version, simply go to your L300 device and open the Device Setup screen. Under the

“Update” tab, check the “Automatic Firmware Update” checkbox and click “Apply” (or “Update Now”) to initiate the firmware update process. Follow the on-screen prompts as necessary.

To push a new firmware version use the NC Console application. With vSpace 4, open My Computer and navigate to the vSpace install directory (“C:\Program Files\NComputing\NComputing vSpace\” by default). Within this folder, locate and run the “NCCONSOLE” application. With vSpace 6, you can launch the NC Console application directly from the Start menu (Start/All Programs/NComputing vSpace/NC-Console). Once in the console navigate to Terminals > L-Series and locate the desired L300 device in the right-hand pane. Right-click this device, select “Update Firmware,” and follow the onscreen prompts to initiate the firmware update. You can select multiple devices at the same time (hold down the SHIFT or CTRL keys while selecting devices) and then apply the update to the group of devices at one time.

Once the firmware update has completed, the device will automatically restart. Note that some older builds of firmware (prior to 1.00.00) must be updated twice to reach the latest version of firmware. Repeat the firmware update process above until either the device reports “no newer firmware found”, or the firmware version (found in the Device Information screen in the device firmware or in the NC Console) matches that provided in the vSpace release notes for your version of software.

To confirm the version of firmware on multiple devices, click the “Columns” button in the NC Console and select “Firmware” – this view will show the firmware version of the discovered L-series devices.

L300/L230/L130 User Manual

L130 and L230 Device Setup

The access device must be connected via Ethernet to the host PC. This can be done using an Ethernet switch, a router, or some other network connection method.

Network connection

If the network is configured to use DHCP to get dynamic IP addresses, you can set up the access device to use it. Turn on the access devices and once you see the main screen select the "Options" button, and then select the “Setup” button.

In the "Network" tab, select whether to use a dynamic IP address or a static IP address. If you choose to use a dynamic IP address, click on the "Save" button.

L300/L230/L130 User Manual These pictures show the L230 mounting process, and the final product, fully mounted and ready for use.

If you choose to use a static IP address, you must enter the IP address and the default gateway. Then click on the "Save" button.

Installation with monitor mount

The L130 and L230 products include a monitor mount, mounting collar, monitor mount screws (silver color) and mounting collar screws (black color) for mounting it to the back of a monitor.

L130/L230 Firmware Update

L130 and L230 access devices will automatically download firmware from vSpace when booting, if a newer firmware version is on the host system than what is loaded in the device. This dynamic firmware will only persist as long as the L130/L230 device is powered on. To make the latest firmware persist, power on the device and select the "Update" tab and click on the "Update" button. When the access device asks you for a password, enter "updateme" (without the quotes). Your access device will walk you through the process of updating the firmware. For more details refer to the section “Using Your L-series Access Device” later in this user manual.

L300/L230/L130 User Manual

Important!

DEVICE AND VSPACE SOFTWARE REGISTRATION ARE REQUIRED.

UNTIL YOU HAVE REGISTERED, SESSIONS WILL TIME OUT AND DISCONNECT AFTER 1 HOUR.

YOU HAVE 30 DAYS AFTER THE INITIAL INSTALLATION TO REGISTER. IF YOU DO NOT

THE 30 DAY LIMIT IS REACHED YOU CAN STILL ACCESS THE REGISTRATION WIZARD ON THE

HOST TO COMPLETE REGISTRATION.

vSpace 4 on Server 2003

vSpace 6 on Server 2008 R2

Product Registration

Product registration is required for all L-series devices and vSpace software to enable normal product use, downloading updates, and technical support. Prior to registering, sessions will time out after one hour and devices will not be able to connect after 30 days. When registering the software, all the access devices must be connected to the host system using Ethernet.

Select "vSpace Registration" in the Windows Start menu.

 At the registration program “welcome” screen, if vSpace password protection is turned on, you will need

to enter your password. Then click the "Next" button.

 Next, you are presented with the vSpace End User License Agreement (EULA). If you agree, click in

the “I agree” check box, and then click the “Next” button.

L300/L230/L130 User Manual

Online Registration

In the case of Online Registration, follow the instructions below. Otherwise skip to the section titled “Offline

Registration.”

 If you want to register your software and L-series access devices online, leave the “Register vSpace

server software” radio button selected, and click “Next.”

 At the "Customer Data" screen, if the data fields are not already populated, enter the registered user's

relevant information. Each field in this window must be filled in. Once you have entered all the data, click on the "Next" button and proceed through the additional screens that show you which devices are connected and the current registration status (vSpace 6).

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