How it Works
Motorola
Loading...
Digital Spectra Plus

Motorola ASTRO Digital Spectra, Digital Spectra Plus, ASTRO Digital Spectra Plus Service Manual

Download
Page 1
®
ASTRO® Digital Spectra and Digital Spectra Plus
UHF/VHF/800 MHz Mobile Radios
Detailed Service Manual
Page 2
This manual provides sufficient information to enable qualified service technicians to troubleshoot and repair ASTRO® Digital Spectra For the most part, the information in this manual pertains to both ASTRO Digital Spectra and ASTRO Digital Spectra Plus radios. Exceptions are clearly noted where they occur.
For details on radio operation or basic troubleshooting, refer to the applicable manuals available separately. A list of related publications is provided in the section, “Related Publications,” on page xiv.
®
and ASTRO Digital Spectra Plus mobile radios (models W3, W4, W5, W7, and W9) to the component level.
Product Safety and RF Exposure Compliance
Before using this product, read the operating instructions
!
C a u t i o n
for safe usage contained in the Product Safety and RF Exposure booklet enclosed with your radio.
ATTENTION!
This radio is restricted to occupational use only to satisfy FCC RF energy exposure requirements. Before using this product, read the RF energy awareness information and operating instructions in the Product Safety and RF Exposure booklet enclosed with your radio (Motorola Publication part number 68P81095C99) to ensure compliance with RF energy exposure limits.
Manual Revisions
Changes which occur after this manual is printed are described in FMRs (Florida Manual Revisions). These FMRs provide complete replacement pages for all added, changed, and deleted items, including pertinent parts list data, schematics, and component layout diagrams.
Computer Software Copyrights
The Motorola products described in this manual may include copyrighted Motorola computer programs stored in semiconductor memories or other media. Laws in the United States and other countries preserve for Motorola certain exclusive rights for copyrighted computer programs, including, but not limited to, the exclusive right to copy or reproduce in any form the copyrighted computer program. Accordingly, any copyrighted Motorola computer programs contained in the Motorola products described in this manual may not be copied, reproduced, modified, reverse-engineered, or distributed in any manner without the express written permission of Motorola. Furthermore, the purchase of Motorola products shall not be deemed to grant either directly or by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any license under the copyrights, patents or patent applications of Motorola, except for the normal non-exclusive license to use that arises by operation of law in the sale of a product.
Document Copyrights
No duplication or distribution of this document or any portion thereof shall take place without the express written permission of Motorola. No part of this manual may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose without the express written permission of Motorola.
Disclaimer
The information in this document is carefully examined, and is believed to be entirely reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies. Furthermore, Motorola reserves the right to make changes to any products herein to improve readability, function, or design. Motorola does not assume any liability arising out of the applications or use of any product or circuit described herein; nor does it cover any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.
Trademarks
MOTOROLA, the Stylized M logo, ASTRO, and Spectra are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other products or service names are the property of their respective owners.
© Motorola, Inc. 2002.
ii
Page 3
Table of Contents
Foreword.........................................................................................................ii
Product Safety and RF Exposure Compliance ............................................................................................ii
Manual Revisions ........................................................................................................................................ ii
Computer Software Copyrights ...................................................................................................................ii
Document Copyrights ..................................................................................................................................ii
Disclaimer.................................................................................................................................................... ii
Trademarks ................................................................................................................................................. ii
Commercial Warranty ..................................................................................xv
Limited Warranty ....................................................................................................................................... xv
MOTOROLA COMMUNICATION PRODUCTS ............................................................................... xv
I. What This Warranty Covers And For How Long ....................................................................xv
II. General Provisions ................................................................................................................xv
III. State Law Rights ................................................................................................................. xvi
IV. How To Get Warranty Service ............................................................................................ xvi
V. What This Warranty Does Not Cover................................................................................... xvi
VI. Patent And Software Provisions ........................................................................................ xvii
VII. Governing Law.................................................................................................................. xvii
Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications.........................................xix
Mobile Radio Model Numbering Scheme ................................................................................................. xix
ASTRO Digital Spectra Motorcycle 15 Watt (Ranges 1 and 2) Model Chart............................................. xx
ASTRO Digital Spectra Motorcycle 15 Watt (Ranges 3 and 3.5) Model Chart......................................... xxi
ASTRO Digital Spectra VHF 10–25 Watt Model Chart............................................................................ xxii
ASTRO Digital Spectra VHF 10–25 and 50–110 Watt Model Chart....................................................... xxiii
ASTRO Digital Spectra UHF 10–25 Watt Model Chart ........................................................................... xxv
ASTRO Digital Spectra UHF 20–40 Watt Model Chart .......................................................................... xxvi
ASTRO Digital Spectra UHF 50–110 Watt Model Chart .......................................................................xxviii
ASTRO Digital Spectra 800 MHz Model Chart........................................................................................ xxx
ASTRO Digital Spectra Plus VHF 25–50 and 50–110 Watt Model Chart............................................... xxxi
ASTRO Digital Spectra Plus 800 MHz Model Chart..............................................................................xxxiii
VHF Radio Specifications...................................................................................................................... xxxv
UHF Radio Specifications..................................................................................................................... xxxvi
800 MHz Radio Specifications..............................................................................................................xxxvii
Chapter 1 Introduction ......................................................................... 1-1
1.1 General .......................................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Notations Used in This Manual...................................................................................................... 1-2
Page 4
iv Table of Contents
Chapter 2 General Overview................................................................ 2-1
2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Analog Mode of Operation ............................................................................................................. 2-2
2.3 ASTRO Mode of Operation............................................................................................................ 2-2
2.4 Control Head Assembly ................................................................................................................. 2-2
2.4.1 Display (W3 Model)........................................................................................................... 2-2
2.4.2 Display (W4, W5, and W7 Models) ................................................................................... 2-2
2.4.3 Display (W9 Model)........................................................................................................... 2-3
2.4.4 Vacuum Fluorescent Display Driver.................................................................................. 2-3
2.4.5 Vacuum Fluorescent Voltage Source (W9 Model)............................................................ 2-3
2.4.6 Controls and Indicators ..................................................................................................... 2-3
2.4.7 Status LEDs ...................................................................................................................... 2-3
2.4.8 Backlight LEDs.................................................................................................................. 2-3
2.4.9 Vehicle Interface Ports...................................................................................................... 2-4
2.4.10 Power Supplies ................................................................................................................. 2-4
2.4.11 Ignition Sense Circuits ...................................................................................................... 2-4
2.5 Power Amplifier.............................................................................................................................. 2-5
2.5.1 Gain Stages ...................................................................................................................... 2-5
2.5.2 Power Control ................................................................................................................... 2-5
2.5.3 Circuit Protection............................................................................................................... 2-5
2.5.4 DC Interconnect ................................................................................................................ 2-5
2.6 Front-End Receiver Assembly ....................................................................................................... 2-6
2.7 RF Board Basic.............................................................................................................................. 2-6
2.8 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator ......................................................................................................... 2-6
2.8.1 VHF Radios....................................................................................................................... 2-6
2.8.2 UHF and 800 MHz Radios ................................................................................................ 2-7
2.9 Command Board............................................................................................................................ 2-7
2.10 ASTRO Spectra Vocoder/Controller Board.................................................................................... 2-7
2.11 Radio Power .................................................................................................................................. 2-8
2.11.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 2-8
2.11.2 B+ Routing for ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board ............................................................... 2-9
Chapter 3 Theory of Operation............................................................ 3-1
3.1 RF Board........................................................................................................................................ 3-1
3.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 3-1
3.1.2 Synthesizer ....................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.1.2.1 Reference Frequency Generation............................................................................ 3-3
3.1.2.2 First VCO Frequency Generation ............................................................................ 3-3
3.1.2.3 Programmable Reference Divider............................................................................ 3-4
3.1.2.4 Phase Modulator...................................................................................................... 3-5
3.1.2.5 Loop Filter................................................................................................................ 3-5
3.1.2.6 Auxiliary Control Bits................................................................................................ 3-5
3.1.2.7 Second VCO............................................................................................................ 3-6
3.1.2.8 Power Distribution.................................................................................................... 3-6
3.1.3 Receiver Back-End ........................................................................................................... 3-6
3.1.3.1 First IF...................................................................................................................... 3-6
3.1.3.2 ABACUS II IC........................................................................................................... 3-7
3.2 Command Board............................................................................................................................ 3-8
3.2.1 Microcontroller and Support ICs ....................................................................................... 3-8
3.2.2 Serial Input/Output IC ....................................................................................................... 3-8
3.2.3 Power-Up/-Down Sequence ............................................................................................. 3-9
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 5
Table of Contents v
3.2.4 Regulators ...................................................................................................................... 3-10
3.2.5 Reset Circuits ................................................................................................................. 3-10
3.2.6 Serial Communications on the External Bus .................................................................. 3-11
3.2.7 Synchronous Serial Bus (MOSI) ..................................................................................... 3-12
3.2.8 Received Audio............................................................................................................... 3-12
3.2.9 Microphone Audio...........................................................................................................3-12
3.2.10 Transmit Deviation .......................................................................................................... 3-13
3.2.11 RS-232 Line Driver ......................................................................................................... 3-13
3.2.12 Flash Programming ........................................................................................................ 3-13
3.2.13 Encryption Voltages ........................................................................................................ 3-13
3.2.14 Regulator and Power-Control IC..................................................................................... 3-14
3.3 ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board .................................................................................................. 3-15
3.3.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 3-15
3.3.2 Controller Section ........................................................................................................... 3-15
3.3.3 Vocoder Section ............................................................................................................. 3-17
3.3.4 RX Signal Path ............................................................................................................... 3-18
3.3.5 TX Signal Path................................................................................................................ 3-21
3.3.6 Controller Bootstrap and Asynchronous Buses .............................................................. 3-22
3.3.7 Vocoder Bootstrap ..........................................................................................................3-24
3.3.8 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Bus .............................................................................. 3-24
3.3.9 Controller Memory Map .................................................................................................. 3-24
3.3.10 Vocoder Memory Map .................................................................................................... 3-26
3.3.11 MCU System Clock......................................................................................................... 3-28
3.3.12 DSP System Clock ......................................................................................................... 3-28
3.3.13 Radio Power-Up/Power-Down Sequence....................................................................... 3-28
3.3.14 VOCON BOARD Signals ................................................................................................ 3-29
3.4 ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board .......................................................................................... 3-38
3.4.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 3-38
3.4.2 ASTRO Spectra Plus Controller Section ........................................................................ 3-38
3.4.3 ASTRO Spectra Plus Vocoder Section........................................................................... 3-39
3.4.4 ASTRO Spectra Plus RX Signal Path............................................................................. 3-41
3.4.5 ASTRO Spectra Plus TX Signal Path ............................................................................. 3-42
3.4.6 ASTRO Spectra Plus Controller Bootstrap and Asynchronous Busses ......................... 3-43
3.4.7 ASTRO Spectra Plus Serial Peripheral Interface Bus .................................................... 3-44
3.4.8 ASTRO Spectra Plus MCU and DSP System Clocks..................................................... 3-44
3.4.9 ASTRO Spectra Plus Voltage Regulators ...................................................................... 3-45
3.4.10 ASTRO Spectra Plus Radio Power-Up/Power-Down Sequence .................................... 3-46
3.5 Voltage Control Oscillator ............................................................................................................ 3-47
3.5.1 VHF Band ....................................................................................................................... 3-47
3.5.1.1 General..................................................................................................................3-47
3.5.1.2 DC Voltage Supplies.............................................................................................. 3-47
3.5.1.3 VCO....................................................................................................................... 3-47
3.5.1.4 Synthesizer Feedback ........................................................................................... 3-48
3.5.1.5 RX Buffer Circuitry................................................................................................. 3-48
3.5.1.6 Frequency Divider and TX Buffer Circuitry ............................................................ 3-48
3.5.2 UHF Band ....................................................................................................................... 3-48
3.5.2.1 General..................................................................................................................3-48
3.5.2.2 Super Filter 8.6 V................................................................................................... 3-49
3.5.2.3 VCO....................................................................................................................... 3-49
3.5.2.4 Receive Mode (AUX2* Low).................................................................................. 3-49
3.5.2.5 Transmit Mode (AUX2* High) ................................................................................ 3-49
3.5.2.6 Bandshift Circuit..................................................................................................... 3-49
3.5.2.7 Output Buffer ......................................................................................................... 3-49
3.5.2.8 First Buffer .............................................................................................................3-49
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 6
vi Table of Contents
3.5.2.9 Doubler ..................................................................................................................3-50
3.5.2.10 Synthesizer Feedback ........................................................................................... 3-50
3.5.2.11 Second Buffer ........................................................................................................ 3-50
3.5.2.12 Receive/Transmit Switch ....................................................................................... 3-50
3.5.3 800 MHz Band ................................................................................................................ 3-50
3.5.3.1 General ..................................................................................................................3-50
3.5.3.2 Super Filter 8.6 V................................................................................................... 3-50
3.5.3.3 VCO .......................................................................................................................3-50
3.5.3.4 Receive Mode-AUX 1* and AUX 2* High............................................................... 3-51
3.5.3.5 Transmit Mode-AUX 1* High; AUX 2* Low ............................................................ 3-51
3.5.3.6 TalkAround Mode-AUX 1* Low; AUX 2* Low......................................................... 3-51
3.5.3.7 VCO Buffer............................................................................................................. 3-51
3.5.3.8 First Buffer Circuit .................................................................................................. 3-51
3.5.3.9 Doubler ..................................................................................................................3-51
3.5.3.10 Second Buffer ........................................................................................................ 3-52
3.5.3.11 K9.4 V Switch......................................................................................................... 3-52
3.6 Receiver Front-End...................................................................................................................... 3-53
3.6.1 VHF Band ....................................................................................................................... 3-53
3.6.1.1 General ..................................................................................................................3-53
3.6.1.2 Theory of Operation............................................................................................... 3-53
3.6.2 UHF Band ....................................................................................................................... 3-53
3.6.2.1 General ..................................................................................................................3-53
3.6.2.2 Theory of Operation............................................................................................... 3-54
3.6.3 800 MHz Band ................................................................................................................ 3-54
3.6.3.1 General ..................................................................................................................3-54
3.6.3.2 Theory of Operation............................................................................................... 3-54
3.7 Power Amplifiers .......................................................................................................................... 3-55
3.7.1 VHF Band Power Amplifiers ........................................................................................... 3-55
3.7.1.1 High-Power Amplifier ............................................................................................. 3-55
3.7.1.1.1 Transmitter...................................................................................................... 3-55
3.7.1.1.2 Antenna Switch and Harmonic Filter............................................................... 3-56
3.7.1.1.3 Power Control Circuitry ................................................................................... 3-57
3.7.1.2 25/10-Watt Power Amplifier ................................................................................... 3-59
3.7.1.2.1 Antenna Switch and Harmonic Filter............................................................... 3-60
3.7.1.2.2 Power Control Circuitry ................................................................................... 3-60
3.7.1.3 50-Watt Power Amplifiers ...................................................................................... 3-63
3.7.1.3.1 Transmitter...................................................................................................... 3-63
3.7.1.3.2 Antenna Switch and Harmonic Filter............................................................... 3-64
3.7.1.3.3 Power Control Circuitry ................................................................................... 3-65
3.7.2 UHF Band Power Amplifiers ........................................................................................... 3-68
3.7.2.1 High-Power Amplifier ............................................................................................. 3-68
3.7.2.1.1 Transmitter...................................................................................................... 3-68
3.7.2.1.2 Antenna Switch and Harmonic Filter............................................................... 3-69
3.7.2.1.3 Power Control Circuitry ................................................................................... 3-69
3.7.2.2 40-Watt Power Amplifier ........................................................................................ 3-72
3.7.2.2.1 Transmitter...................................................................................................... 3-72
3.7.2.2.2 Antenna Switch and Harmonic Filter............................................................... 3-73
3.7.2.2.3 Power Control Circuitry ................................................................................... 3-74
3.7.3 800 MHz Band Power Amplifiers .................................................................................... 3-77
3.7.3.1 15- and 35-Watt Amplifiers .................................................................................... 3-77
3.7.3.1.1 Transmitter...................................................................................................... 3-77
3.7.3.1.2 Antenna Switch and Harmonic Filter............................................................... 3-78
3.7.3.1.3 Power Control Circuitry ................................................................................... 3-79
3.7.3.1.4 Temperature Sensing ..................................................................................... 3-81
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 7
Table of Contents vii
Chapter 4 Troubleshooting Procedures ............................................. 4-1
4.1 ASTRO Spectra Procedures.......................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1.1 Handling Precautions........................................................................................................ 4-1
4.1.2 Voltage Measurement and Signal Tracing........................................................................ 4-2
4.1.3 Power-Up Self-Check Errors ............................................................................................ 4-2
4.1.3.1 Power-Up Sequence................................................................................................ 4-3
4.1.4 RF Board Troubleshooting................................................................................................ 4-5
4.1.4.1 Display Flashes “FAIL 001” ..................................................................................... 4-5
4.1.4.1.1 Incorrect Values at U602, Pin 19 ...................................................................... 4-6
4.1.4.1.2 Incorrect Values at U602 Pin 25 (MODULUS CONTROL) ............................... 4-7
4.1.4.1.3 Incorrect Voltage at Positive Steering Line....................................................... 4-7
4.1.4.1.4 Incorrect Values at U602, pin 27 ...................................................................... 4-7
4.1.4.2 Review of Synthesizer Fundamentals ..................................................................... 4-7
4.1.4.3 Second VCO Checks............................................................................................... 4-8
4.1.4.4 Troubleshooting the Back-End ................................................................................ 4-8
4.1.5 Standard Bias Table ......................................................................................................... 4-9
4.2 ASTRO Spectra Plus Procedures................................................................................................4-10
4.2.1 ASTRO Spectra Plus Power-Up Self-Check Errors........................................................ 4-10
4.2.2 ASTRO Spectra Plus Power-Up Self-Check Diagnostics and Repair ............................ 4-11
4.2.3 ASTRO Spectra Plus Standard Bias Table .................................................................... 4-12
4.3 VCO Procedures.......................................................................................................................... 4-13
4.3.1 VHF Band ....................................................................................................................... 4-13
4.3.1.1 VCO Hybrid Assembly........................................................................................... 4-13
4.3.1.2 Out-of-Lock Condition............................................................................................ 4-13
4.3.1.3 No or Low Output Power (TX or RX Injection)....................................................... 4-15
4.3.1.4 No or Low Modulation............................................................................................ 4-15
4.3.2 UHF Band ....................................................................................................................... 4-15
4.3.2.1 VCO Hybrid Assembly........................................................................................... 4-15
4.3.2.2 Out-of-Lock Condition............................................................................................ 4-16
4.3.2.3 No or Low Output Power (TX or RX Injection)....................................................... 4-16
4.3.2.4 No or Low Modulation............................................................................................ 4-17
4.3.3 800 MHz Band ................................................................................................................ 4-18
4.3.3.1 VCO Hybrid Assembly........................................................................................... 4-18
4.3.3.2 Out-of-Lock Condition............................................................................................ 4-18
4.3.3.3 No or Low Output Power (TX or RX Injection)....................................................... 4-19
4.3.3.4 No or Low Modulation............................................................................................ 4-19
4.4 Receiver Front-End (RXFE)......................................................................................................... 4-20
4.4.1 VHF Band ....................................................................................................................... 4-20
4.4.2 UHF Band ....................................................................................................................... 4-20
4.4.3 800 MHz Band ................................................................................................................ 4-20
4.5 Power Amplifier Procedures ........................................................................................................ 4-21
4.5.1 VHF Band ....................................................................................................................... 4-21
4.5.1.1 High-Power Amplifier............................................................................................. 4-21
4.5.1.1.1 General Troubleshooting and Repair Notes ................................................... 4-21
4.5.1.1.2 PA Functional Testing..................................................................................... 4-25
4.5.1.1.3 Power Control and Protection Circuitry........................................................... 4-28
4.5.1.2 25/10 Watt Power Amplifier ................................................................................... 4-29
4.5.1.2.1 General Troubleshooting and Repair Notes ................................................... 4-29
4.5.1.2.2 PA Functional Testing..................................................................................... 4-30
4.5.1.2.3 Localizing Problems........................................................................................ 4-34
4.5.1.2.4 Isolating Failures............................................................................................. 4-35
4.5.1.2.5 Power Control and Protection Circuitry........................................................... 4-37
4.5.1.3 50 Watt Power Amplifiers ...................................................................................... 4-38
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 8
viii Table of Contents
4.5.1.3.1 General Troubleshooting and Repair Notes ................................................... 4-38
4.5.1.3.2 PA Functional Testing..................................................................................... 4-39
4.5.1.3.3 Localizing Problems........................................................................................ 4-42
4.5.1.3.4 Isolating Failures............................................................................................. 4-43
4.5.1.3.5 Power Control and Protection Circuitry........................................................... 4-45
4.5.2 UHF Band ....................................................................................................................... 4-47
4.5.2.1 High-Power Amplifier ............................................................................................. 4-47
4.5.2.1.1 General Troubleshooting and Repair Notes ................................................... 4-47
4.5.2.1.2 PA Functional Testing..................................................................................... 4-51
4.5.2.1.3 Power Control and Protection Circuitry........................................................... 4-54
4.5.2.2 40 Watt Power Amplifiers....................................................................................... 4-56
4.5.2.2.1 General Troubleshooting and Repair Notes ................................................... 4-56
4.5.2.2.2 PA Functional Testing..................................................................................... 4-57
4.5.2.2.3 Localizing Problems........................................................................................ 4-61
4.5.2.2.4 Isolating Failures............................................................................................. 4-62
4.5.2.2.5 Power Control and Protection Circuitry........................................................... 4-64
4.5.3 800 MHz Band ................................................................................................................ 4-66
4.5.3.1 15 Watt and 35 Watt Power Amplifiers .................................................................. 4-66
4.5.3.1.1 General Troubleshooting and Repair Notes ................................................... 4-66
4.5.3.1.2 PA Functional Testing..................................................................................... 4-67
4.5.3.1.3 Localizing Problems........................................................................................ 4-71
4.5.3.1.4 Isolating Failures............................................................................................. 4-72
4.5.3.1.5 Power Control and Protection Circuitry........................................................... 4-74
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting Charts ..................................................... 5-1
5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 List of Troubleshooting Charts ....................................................................................................... 5-1
RF Board Back-End................................................................................................................. 5-3
Command Board ..................................................................................................................... 5-4
Radio Power-Up Fail ............................................................................................................... 5-5
Bootstrap Fail .......................................................................................................................... 5-6
01/90, General Hardware Failure ............................................................................................ 5-7
01/81, Host ROM Checksum Failure....................................................................................... 5-7
01/82 or 002, External EEPROM Checksum Failure............................................................... 5-8
01/84, SLIC Initialization Failure..............................................................................................5-8
01/88, MCU (Host mC) External SRAM Failure ...................................................................... 5-9
01/92, Internal EEPROM Checksum Failure ........................................................................... 5-9
02/A0, ADSIC Checksum Failure .......................................................................................... 5-10
02/81, DSP ROM Checksum Failure..................................................................................... 5-10
02/88, DSP External SRAM Failure U414............................................................................. 5-11
02/84, DSP External SRAM Failure U403............................................................................. 5-11
02/82, DSP External SRAM Failure U402............................................................................. 5-12
02/90, General DSP Hardware Failure.................................................................................. 5-12
09/10, Secure Hardware Failure............................................................................................ 5-13
09/90, Secure Hardware Failure............................................................................................ 5-13
No RX Audio.......................................................................................................................... 5-14
No TX Modulation.................................................................................................................. 5-15
Key Load Fail......................................................................................................................... 5-16
800 MHz Receiver Front-End Hybrid..................................................................................... 5-17
UHF Receiver Front-End Hybrid............................................................................................ 5-17
VHF Receiver Front-End Hybrid............................................................................................ 5-18
ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Power-Up Failure.................................................................. 5-19
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 9
Table of Contents ix
ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON DC Supply Failure ................................................................ 5-20
ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON TX Modulation Failure Sheet 1 of 4 ...................................... 5-21
ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON TX Modulation Failure Sheet 2 of 4 ...................................... 5-22
ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON TX Modulation Failure Sheet 3 of 4 ...................................... 5-23
ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON TX Modulation Failure Sheet 4 of 4 ...................................... 5-24
ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON RX Audio Failure .................................................................. 5-24
ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Secure Hardware Failure ..................................................... 5-25
ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Key Load Fail........................................................................ 5-26
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Waveforms ............................................. 6-1
6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 ASTRO Spectra Waveforms .......................................................................................................... 6-1
Waveform W1: Power-On Reset Timing........................................................................................ 6-1
Waveform W2: DSP SSI Port RX Mode ........................................................................................ 6-2
Waveform W3: DSP SSI Port TX Mode CSQ ................................................................................ 6-2
Waveform W4: ABACUS Programming at Mode Change ............................................................. 6-3
Waveform W5: ABACUS/ADSIC Interface .................................................................................... 6-3
Waveform W6: SPI Bus Programming ADSIC .............................................................................. 6-4
Waveform W7: Receive Audio....................................................................................................... 6-4
Waveform W8: Transmit Audio...................................................................................................... 6-5
Waveform W9: Power-Down Reset ............................................................................................... 6-5
Waveform W10: ADSIC 2.4 MHz Reference ................................................................................. 6-6
6.3 ASTRO Spectra Digital Plus VOCON Board Waveforms .............................................................. 6-7
32 kHz Clock Waveform ................................................................................................................ 6-7
16.8 MHz Clock Waveform ............................................................................................................ 6-8
TX Modulation Out Waveform ....................................................................................................... 6-8
Differential ADDAG Output Waveform........................................................................................... 6-9
TX SSI Waveform .......................................................................................................................... 6-9
SPI Bus Waveform ...................................................................................................................... 6-10
TX 1 kHz Tone Waveform ........................................................................................................... 6-10
Serial Audio Port Waveform ........................................................................................................ 6-11
RX Audio Waveform .................................................................................................................... 6-11
RX BBP Waveform ...................................................................................................................... 6-12
Secure Interface Waveform ......................................................................................................... 6-12
8 kHz Frame Sync for Security Circuitry Waveform .................................................................... 6-13
Chapter 7 Schematics, Component Location Diagrams, and
Parts Lists .............................................................................................. 7-1
7.1 RF Section .................................................................................................................................... 7-2
ASTRO Spectra Radio Interconnection................................................................................... 7-4
HRN4009B/HRN6014A VHF RF Board; HRN4010B/HRN6020A UHF RF Board; and
HRN6019A 800 MHz RF Board Schematic............................................................................. 7-5
HRN4009B/HRN6014A VHF RF Board, HRN4010B/HRN6020A UHF RF Board, and
HRN6019A 800 MHz RF Board Component Location Diagrams............................................ 7-6
HRN4009C/HRN6014C VHF RF Board Schematic Diagram.................................................. 7-9
HRN4009C/HRN6014C VHF RF Board Component Location Diagrams ............................. 7-10
HRN4009E and HRN6014D VHF RF Board; HRN4010D and HRN6020C UHF RF Board; and
HRN6019C 800 MHz RF Board Schematic Diagram (Sheet 1 of 2) ..................................... 7-12
HRN4009E and HRN6014D VHF RF Board; HRN4010D and HRN6020C UHF RF Board; and
HRN6019C 800 MHz RF Board Schematic Diagram (Sheet 2 of 2) ..................................... 7-13
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 10
x Table of Contents
HRN4009E and HRN6014D VHF RF Board; HRN4010D and HRN6020C UHF RF Board; and
HRN6019C 800 MHz RF Component Location Diagram ...................................................... 7-14
7.2 Command Board Section............................................................................................................. 7-17
HLN5558E/F/G, HLN6529C/D/E/F/G, HLN6560C/D/E/F/G/H and HLN6562C/D/E/F/G/H
Command Board Schematic Diagram ................................................................................... 7-17
HLN5558E/F/G, HLN6529C/D/E, HLN6560C/D/E/F/G/H, and HLN6562C/D/E/F/G/H Command
Board Component Location Diagrams .................................................................................. 7-18
HLN5558H/J, HLN6529H, HLN6560J and HLN6562J Command Board Schematic
Diagram................................................................................................................................. 7-21
HLN5558H/J, HLN6529H, HLN6560J and HLN6562J Component Location Diagram ......... 7-22
7.3 VOCON Section........................................................................................................................... 7-26
HLN6458D VOCON Board Schematic (Sheet 1 of 2) ........................................................... 7-26
HLN6458D VOCON Board Schematic (Sheet 2 of 2) ........................................................... 7-27
HLN6458D VOCON Board Component Location Diagrams (Sheet 1 of 2)........................... 7-28
HLN6458D VOCON Board Component Location Diagrams (Sheet 2 of 2)........................... 7-29
HLN6458E VOCON Board Schematic (Sheet 1 of 2)............................................................ 7-32
HLN6458E VOCON Board Schematic (Sheet 2 of 2)............................................................ 7-33
HLN6458E VOCON Board Component Location Diagrams (Sheet 1 of 2)........................... 7-34
HLN6458E VOCON Board Component Location Diagrams (Sheet 2 of 2)........................... 7-35
HLN6458F/G VOCON Board Schematic (Sheet 1 of 2) ........................................................ 7-38
HLN6458F/G VOCON Board Schematic (Sheet 2 of 2) ........................................................ 7-39
HLN6458F/G VOCON Board Component Location Diagrams (Sheet 1 of 2) .......................7-40
HLN6458F/G VOCON Board Component Location Diagrams (Sheet 2 of 2) .......................7-41
HLN6458H VOCON Board Schematic (Sheet 1 of 2) ........................................................... 7-44
HLN6458H VOCON Board Schematic (Sheet 2 of 2) ........................................................... 7-45
HLN6458H VOCON Board Component Location Diagrams ................................................. 7-46
7.4 ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Section ........................................................................................ 7-49
ASTRO Spectra Plus Top Level Schematic (Sheet 1 of 2) ................................................... 7-49
ASTRO Spectra Plus Top Level Schematic (Sheet 2 of 2).................................................... 7-50
ASTRO Spectra Plus RF Interface Schematic (Sheet 1 of 2) ............................................... 7-51
ASTRO Spectra Plus RF Interface Schematic (Sheet 2 of 2)................................................ 7-52
ASTRO Spectra Plus Digital/USB Schematic (Sheet 1 of 2)................................................. 7-53
ASTRO Spectra Plus Digital/USB Schematic (Sheet 2 of 2)................................................. 7-54
ASTRO Spectra Plus Audio/DC Schematic........................................................................... 7-55
ASTRO Spectra Plus Voltage Conversion Schematic ........................................................... 7-56
ASTRO Spectra Plus Secure Interface Schematic................................................................ 7-57
ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Component Location Diagram, Top View .............................7-58
ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Component Location Diagram, Bottom View........................ 7-59
7.5 VCO Section ................................................................................................................................ 7-62
HLD6061D and HLD6062D VHF VCO Hybrid Schematic..................................................... 7-62
HLD6061D and HLD6062D VHF VCO Hybrid Component Location Diagram...................... 7-63
HLD4342B and HLD4343B VHF VCO Carrier Schematic Diagram ...................................... 7-64
HLD4342D and HLD4343D VHF VCO Carrier Schematic Diagram...................................... 7-65
HLD4342B/HLD4343B VHF VCO Carrier Component Location Diagram............................. 7-66
HLD4342D/HLD4343D VHF VCO Carrier Component Location Diagram ............................ 7-67
UHF VCO Ranges 1, 2, 3, and 4 Hybrid Schematic.............................................................. 7-70
HLE6101A UHF VCO Range 1 Hybrid and HLE6102A Range 2 Hybrid Component Location
Diagram................................................................................................................................. 7-71
HLE6103B UHF VCO Range 3 Hybrid and HLE6104B Range 4 Hybrid Component Location
Diagram................................................................................................................................. 7-73
UHF VCO Ranges 1, 2, 3, and 4 Schematic Diagram........................................................... 7-75
HLE6045B Range 1 and HLE6046B Range 2 UHF VCO Component Location Diagram.....7-76
HLE6000D Range 3 and HLE6041D Range 4 UHF VCO Component Location Diagrams .. 7-77
HLF6080B 800 MHz VCO Schematic Diagram..................................................................... 7-79
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 11
Table of Contents xi
HLF6080B 800 MHz VCO Component Location Diagram .................................................... 7-80
7.6 RX Front-End Section.................................................................................................................. 7-82
HRD6001E/6002E/6011E/6012E VHF Receiver Front-End Schematic................................ 7-82
HRD6001E/6002E/6011E/6012E VHF Component Location Diagram ................................. 7-83
HRD6001G/6002G/6011G/6012G VHF Receiver Front-End Schematic .............................. 7-87
HRD6001G/6002G/6011G/6012G VHF Receiver Front-End Component Location Diagram 7-88 HRE6001B/6002C/6003B/6004B/6011B/6012B/6014B UHF Receiver Front-End Preamp and
Standard Schematics ............................................................................................................ 7-90
HRE6001B/6002C/6003B/6004B/6011B/6012B/6014B UHF Receiver Front-End Hybrid
Component Location Diagram............................................................................................... 7-91
HRF6004B/C 800 MHz Receiver Front-End Schematic Diagram ......................................... 7-94
HRF6004B/C 800 MHz Receiver Front-End Component Location Diagram......................... 7-95
7.7 Power Amplifier Section............................................................................................................... 7-97
HLD6022C VHF 50 Watt PA Schematic ............................................................................... 7-97
HLD6022C VHF 50-Watt PA Component Location Diagram, Side 1 .................................... 7-98
HLD6022C VHF 50-Watt PA Component Location Diagram, Side 2 .................................... 7-99
HLD6064C VHF 100-Watt PA Schematic ........................................................................... 7-101
HLD6064C VHF 100-Watt PA Component Location Diagram, Side 1 ................................ 7-102
HLD6064C VHF 100-Watt PA Component Location Diagram, Side 2 ................................ 7-103
HLD6032B/HLD6066B VHF 25-Watt PA Schematic........................................................... 7-105
HLD6032B/HLD6066B VHF 25-Watt PA Component Location Diagram, Side 1 ................ 7-106
HLD6032B/HLD6066B VHF 25-Watt PA Component Location Diagram, Side 2................ 7-107
HLE6062B and HLE6071B UHF 25-Watt PA Schematic .................................................... 7-110
HLE6062B UHF 25-Watt PA Component Location Diagram, Side 1 .................................. 7-111
HLE6062B UHF 25-Watt PA Component Location Diagram, Side 2.................................. 7-112
HLE6043C, HLE6044C, and HLE6049B UHF 40-Watt PA Schematic................................ 7-114
HLE6043C, HLE6044C, and HLE6049B UHF 40-Watt PA Component Location Diagram,
Side 1 .................................................................................................................................. 7-115
HLE6043C, HLE6044C, and HLE6049B UHF 40-Watt PA Component Location Diagram,
Side 2 .................................................................................................................................. 7-116
HLE6039C, HLE6040C, and HLE6051C UHF 100-Watt PA Schematic ............................. 7-120
HLE6039C, HLE6040C, and HLE6051C UHF 100-Watt PA Component Location Diagram,
Side 1 .................................................................................................................................. 7-121
HLE6039C, HLE6040C, and HLE6051C UHF 100-Watt PA Component Location Diagram,
Side 2 .................................................................................................................................. 7-122
HLF6078B 800 MHz 15-Watt PA Schematic....................................................................... 7-127
HLF6078B 800 MHz 15-Watt PA Component Location Diagram, Side 1............................ 7-128
HLF6078B 800 MHz 15-Watt PA Component Location Diagram, Side 2 ........................... 7-129
HLF6077D 800 MHz 35-Watt PA Schematic ...................................................................... 7-131
HLF6077D 800 MHz 35-Watt PA Component Location Diagram, Side 1............................ 7-132
HLF6077D 800 MHz 35-Watt PA Component Location Diagram, Side 2 ........................... 7-133
Appendix A Secure Modules...................................................................A-1
A.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... A-1
A.2 Circuit Description..........................................................................................................................A-2
A.3 Troubleshooting Secure Operations..............................................................................................A-2
A.3.1 Error 09/10, Error 09/90....................................................................................................A-2
A.3.2 Keyload.............................................................................................................................A-2
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 12
xii Table of Contents
Appendix B Replacement Parts Ordering..............................................B-1
B.1 Basic Ordering Information ............................................................................................................B-1
B.2 Transceiver Board and VOCON Board Ordering Information........................................................B-1
B.3 Motorola Online..............................................................................................................................B-1
B.4 Mail Orders ....................................................................................................................................B-1
B.5 Telephone Orders ..........................................................................................................................B-2
B.6 Fax Orders .....................................................................................................................................B-2
B.7 Parts Identification .........................................................................................................................B-2
B.8 Product Customer Service .............................................................................................................B-2
Glossary.........................................................................................Glossary-1
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 13
List of Figures xiii
List of Figures
Figure 2-1. DC Voltage Routing Block Diagram...................................................................................... 2-9
Figure 2-2. ASTRO Spectra B+ Routing for Vocoder/Controller (VOCON) Board ................................ 2-10
Figure 3-1. Prescaler IC Block Diagram.................................................................................................. 3-2
Figure 3-2. Synthesizer IC Block Diagram .............................................................................................. 3-2
Figure 3-3. Loop Divider Waveforms....................................................................................................... 3-4
Figure 3-4. Loop Filter Schematic ........................................................................................................... 3-5
Figure 3-5. Power-on Reset .................................................................................................................. 3-11
Figure 3-6. Transmitter Attack Time...................................................................................................... 3-14
Figure 3-7. VOCON Board - Controller Section .................................................................................... 3-16
Figure 3-8. VOCON Board - Vocoder Section....................................................................................... 3-18
Figure 3-9. DSP RSSI Port - RX Mode ................................................................................................. 3-19
Figure 3-10. DSP RSSI Port - TX Mode.................................................................................................. 3-21
Figure 3-11. Host SB9600 and RS232 Ports .......................................................................................... 3-23
Figure 3-12. Controller Memory Mapping................................................................................................ 3-25
Figure 3-13. Vocoder Memory Mapping.................................................................................................. 3-27
Figure 3-14. ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board - Controller Section.................................................. 3-39
Figure 3-15. ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board - Vocoder Section .................................................... 3-40
Figure 3-16. ASTRO Spectra Plus RX Mode ..........................................................................................3-41
Figure 3-17. ASTRO Spectra Plus TX Mode........................................................................................... 3-42
Figure 3-18. ASTRO Spectra Plus Host SB9600 and RS232 Ports........................................................ 3-44
Figure 3-19. ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON DC Distribution ................................................................... 3-45
Figure 3-20. RPCIC Block Diagram ........................................................................................................ 3-57
Figure 3-21. Regulator/Power Control IC Block Diagram........................................................................ 3-61
Figure 3-22. 50-Watt Power Amplifier Block Diagram............................................................................. 3-63
Figure 3-23. Regulator/Power Control IC Block Diagram........................................................................ 3-65
Figure 3-24. UHF High-Power, Power Amplifier Block Diagram ............................................................. 3-68
Figure 3-25. RPCIC Block Diagram ........................................................................................................ 3-70
Figure 3-26. RPCIC Block Diagram ........................................................................................................ 3-74
Figure 3-27. RPCIC Block Diagram ........................................................................................................ 3-79
Figure 4-1. VCO Block Diagram - VHF Band ........................................................................................ 4-14
Figure 4-2. VCO Block Diagram - UHF Band ........................................................................................ 4-17
Figure 4-3. VCO Block Diagram - 800 MHz Band ................................................................................. 4-18
Figure 4-4. Connector Pin-Out - High-Power Amplifier ......................................................................... 4-22
Figure 4-5. PA Test Adapter, 25/10 Watt Power Amplifier..................................................................... 4-31
Figure 4-6. PA Test Adapter, 50 Watt Power Amplifier.......................................................................... 4-40
Figure 4-7. Connector Pin-Out - High-Power Amplifier ......................................................................... 4-48
Figure 4-8. Block Diagram for Spectra High-Power Power Amplifier .................................................... 4-56
Figure 4-9. PA Test Adapter, 40 Watt Power Amplifier.......................................................................... 4-58
Figure 4-10. PA Test Adapter, 15 and 35 Watt Power Amplifier.............................................................. 4-67
Go to Chapter 7 on page 7-1 for a listing of schematics and component location diagrams.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 14
xiv List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 3-1. Integrated Circuits Voltages ................................................................................................ 3-10
Table 3-2. VOCON Board Address Bus (A) Pinouts ............................................................................ 3-29
Table 3-3. VOCON Board Address Bus (HA) Pinouts.......................................................................... 3-30
Table 3-4. VOCON Board Data Bus (D) Pinouts.................................................................................. 3-30
Table 3-5. VOCON Board Data Bus (HD) Pinouts............................................................................... 3-31
Table 3-6. U204 (MCU) ........................................................................................................................ 3-32
Table 3-7. U206 (SLIC) ........................................................................................................................ 3-33
Table 3-8. VOCON U405 (DSP) .......................................................................................................... 3-35
Table 3-9. VOCON U406 (ADSIC) ....................................................................................................... 3-36
Table 4-1. Power-Up Self-Check Error Codes .......................................................................................4-2
Table 4-2. Voltage by Location............................................................................................................... 4-5
Table 4-3. Feedback Frequency Ranges............................................................................................... 4-7
Table 4-4. Standard Operating Bias ....................................................................................................... 4-9
Table 4-5. ASTRO Spectra Plus Power-Up Self-Check Error Codes .................................................. 4-10
Table 4-6. ASTRO Spectra Plus Standard Operating Bias .................................................................. 4-12
Table 4-7. VCO Frequency .................................................................................................................. 4-15
Table 4-8. Power Control DC Voltage Chart ........................................................................................4-23
Table 4-9. LLA and 2nd Stage Typical Voltages................................................................................... 4-26
Table 4-10. DC Voltages and Input Power Chart ................................................................................... 4-30
Table 4-11. Power Control DC Voltage Chart ........................................................................................ 4-31
Table 4-12. Antenna Switch DC Voltage Chart ......................................................................................4-34
Table 4-13. LLA and Driver Typical Voltages ......................................................................................... 4-35
Table 4-14. DC Voltages and Input Power Chart ................................................................................... 4-39
Table 4-15. Power Control DC Voltage Chart ........................................................................................ 4-40
Table 4-16. LLA and Pre-Driver Typical Voltages ..................................................................................4-43
Table 4-17. Power Control DC Voltage Chart ........................................................................................ 4-49
Table 4-18. LLA and 2nd Stage Typical Voltages...................................................................................4-52
Table 4-19. DC Voltages and Input Power Chart ................................................................................... 4-58
Table 4-20. Power Control DC Voltage Chart ........................................................................................ 4-59
Table 4-21. Antenna Switch DC Voltage Chart ......................................................................................4-61
Table 4-22. LLA and Pre-Driver Typical Voltages ..................................................................................4-62
Table 4-23. DC Voltages and Input Power Chart ................................................................................... 4-68
Table 4-24. Power Control DC Voltage Chart ........................................................................................ 4-68
Table 4-25. Antenna Switch DC Voltage Chart ......................................................................................4-71
Table 5-1. List of Troubleshooting Charts .............................................................................................. 5-1
Table A-1. ASTRO Digital Spectra Secure Modules...............................................................................A-1
Table A-2. ASTRO Digital Spectra Plus Secure Modules.......................................................................A-1
Related Publications
ASTRO Digital Spectra and Digital Spectra Plus Model W3 User’s Guide .................................. 68P81090C61
ASTRO Digital Spectra and Digital Spectra Plus Models W4, W5, W7, and W9 User’s Guide ... 68P81090C62
ASTRO Digital Spectra Hand-Held Control Head User’s Guide (Model W3)............................... 68P81073C25
ASTRO Digital Spectra (Model W4, W5, W7, and W9) User’s Guide .......................................... 68P81074C80
ASTRO Digital Spectra and Digital Spectra Plus Mobile Radios Basic Service Manual .............. 68P81076C20
ASTRO Digital Spectra Mobile Radios Dual Control Head Radio System Service Manual ......... 68P81091C78
ASTRO Spectra and Digital Spectra FM Two-Way Mobile Radios Installation Manual................ 68P81070C85
ASTRO Spectra Motorcycle Radios Supplemental Installation Manual ...................................... 68P80103W01
KVL 3000 User’s Manual ..............................................................................................................68P81131E16
Spectra VHF VCO Section Detailed Service Manual Supplement............................................... 68P81074C48
Spectra High-Power Power Amplifier Detailed Service Manual Supplement............................... 68P81077C25
Spectra Systems 9000 Control Unit Detailed Service Manual Supplement................................. 68P81077C30
Spectra A5 and A7 Control Head Instruction Manual....................................................................68P81109C33
Spectra A4 Control Head Instruction Manual ...............................................................................68P81109C34
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 15
Commercial Warranty
Limited Warranty
MOTOROLA COMMUNICATION PRODUCTS
I. What This Warranty Covers And For How Long
MOTOROLA INC. (“MOTOROLA”) warrants the MOTOROLA manufactured Communication Products listed below (“Product”) against defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service for a period of time from the date of purchase as scheduled below:
Motorola, at its option, will at no charge either repair the Product (with new or reconditioned parts), replace it (with a new or reconditioned Product), or refund the purchase price of the Product during the warranty period provided it is returned in accordance with the terms of this warranty. Replaced parts or boards are warranted for the balance of the original applicable warranty period. All replaced parts of Product shall become the property of MOTOROLA.
This express limited warranty is extended by MOTOROLA to the original end user purchaser only and is not assignable or transferable to any other party. This is the complete warranty for the Product manufactured by MOTOROLA. MOTOROLA assumes no obligations or liability for additions or modifications to this warranty unless made in writing and signed by an officer of MOTOROLA. Unless made in a separate agreement between MOTOROLA and the original end user purchaser, MOTOROLA does not warrant the installation, maintenance or service of the Product.
MOTOROLA cannot be responsible in any way for any ancillary equipment not furnished by MOTOROLA which is attached to or used in connection with the Product, or for operation of the Product with any ancillary equipment, and all such equipment is expressly excluded from this warranty. Because each system which may use the Product is unique, MOTOROLA disclaims liability for range, coverage, or operation of the system as a whole under this warranty.
II. General Provisions
ASTRO Digital Spectra and Digital Spectra Plus Units
Product Accessories One (1) Year
One (1) Year
This warranty sets forth the full extent of MOTOROLA'S responsibilities regarding the Product. Repair, replacement or refund of the purchase price, at MOTOROLA's option, is the exclusive remedy. THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER EXPRESS WARRANTIES. IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE LIMITED TO THE DURATION OF THIS LIMITED WARRANTY. IN NO EVENT SHALL MOTOROLA BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES IN EXCESS OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT, FOR ANY LOSS OF USE, LOSS OF TIME, INCONVENIENCE, COMMERCIAL LOSS, LOST PROFITS OR SAVINGS OR OTHER INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE SUCH PRODUCT, TO THE FULL EXTENT SUCH MAY BE DISCLAIMED BY LAW.
Page 16
xvi Commercial Warranty
III. State Law Rights
SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LIMITATION ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED WARRANTY LASTS, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY.
This warranty gives specific legal rights, and there may be other rights which may vary from state to state.
IV. How To Get Warranty Service
You must provide proof of purchase (bearing the date of purchase and Product item serial number) in order to receive warranty service and, also, deliver or send the Product item, transportation and insurance prepaid, to an authorized warranty service location. Warranty service will be provided by Motorola through one of its authorized warranty service locations. If you first contact the company which sold you the Product, it can facilitate your obtaining warranty service. You can also call Motorola at 1-888-567-7347 US/Canada.
V. What This Warranty Does Not Cover
A. Defects or damage resulting from use of the Product in other than its normal and customary
manner.
B. Defects or damage from misuse, accident, water, or neglect.
C. Defects or damage from improper testing, operation, maintenance, installation, alteration,
modification, or adjustment.
D. Breakage or damage to antennas unless caused directly by defects in material workmanship.
E. A Product subjected to unauthorized Product modifications, disassemblies or repairs (includ-
ing, without limitation, the addition to the Product of non-Motorola supplied equipment) which adversely affect performance of the Product or interfere with Motorola's normal warranty inspection and testing of the Product to verify any warranty claim.
F. Product which has had the serial number removed or made illegible.
G. Rechargeable batteries if:
H. any of the seals on the battery enclosure of cells are broken or show evidence of tampering.
I. the damage or defect is caused by charging or using the battery in equipment or service other
than the Product for which it is specified.
J. Freight costs to the repair depot.
K. A Product which, due to illegal or unauthorized alteration of the software/firmware in the Prod-
uct, does not function in accordance with MOTOROLA's published specifications or the FCC type acceptance labeling in effect for the Product at the time the Product was initially distrib­uted from MOTOROLA.
L. Scratches or other cosmetic damage to Product surfaces that does not affect the operation of
the Product.
M. Normal and customary wear and tear.
June 28, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 17
Commercial Warranty xvii
VI. Patent And Software Provisions
MOTOROLA will defend, at its own expense, any suit brought against the end user purchaser to the extent that it is based on a claim that the Product or parts infringe a United States patent, and MOTOROLA will pay those costs and damages finally awarded against the end user purchaser in any such suit which are attributable to any such claim, but such defense and payments are conditioned on the following:
A. that MOTOROLA will be notified promptly in writing by such purchaser of any notice of such
claim;
B. that MOTOROLA will have sole control of the defense of such suit and all negotiations for its
settlement or compromise; and
C. should the Product or parts become, or in MOTOROLA's opinion be likely to become, the
subject of a claim of infringement of a United States patent, that such purchaser will permit MOTOROLA, at its option and expense, either to procure for such purchaser the right to con­tinue using the Product or parts or to replace or modify the same so that it becomes nonin­fringing or to grant such purchaser a credit for the Product or parts as depreciated and accept its return. The depreciation will be an equal amount per year over the lifetime of the Product or parts as established by MOTOROLA.
MOTOROLA will have no liability with respect to any claim of patent infringement which is based upon the combination of the Product or parts furnished hereunder with software, apparatus or devices not furnished by MOTOROLA, nor will MOTOROLA have any liability for the use of ancillary equipment or software not furnished by MOTOROLA which is attached to or used in connection with the Product. The foregoing states the entire liability of MOTOROLA with respect to infringement of patents by the Product or any parts thereof.
Laws in the United States and other countries preserve for MOTOROLA certain exclusive rights for copyrighted MOTOROLA software such as the exclusive rights to reproduce in copies and distribute copies of such Motorola software. MOTOROLA software may be used in only the Product in which the software was originally embodied and such software in such Product may not be replaced, copied, distributed, modified in any way, or used to produce any derivative thereof. No other use including, without limitation, alteration, modification, reproduction, distribution, or reverse engineering of such MOTOROLA software or exercise of rights in such MOTOROLA software is permitted. No license is granted by implication, estoppel or otherwise under MOTOROLA patent rights or copyrights.
VII. Governing Law
This Warranty is governed by the laws of the State of Illinois, USA.
68P81076C25-C June 28, 2002
Page 18
xviii Commercial Warranty
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
June 28, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 19
Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications xix
Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications
Mobile Radio Model Numbering Scheme
Typical Model Number:
Position:
Position 1 - Type of Unit
D = Dash-Mounted Mobile Radio M = Motorcycle Mobile Radio T =Trunk-Mounted Mobile Radio
Positions 2 & 3 - Model Series
04 = ASTRO
Position 4 - Frequency Band
Less than 29.7MHz
A
=
29.7 to 35.99MHz
B
=
36 to 41.99MHz
C
=
42 to 50MHz
D
=
66 to 80MHz
F
=
74 to 90MHz
G
=
Product Specific
H
=
136 to 162MHz
J
=
146 to 178MHz
K
=
174 to 210MHz
L
=
190 to 235MHz
M
=
Values given represent range only; they are
not absolute.
Position 5 - Power Level
0 to 0.7 Watts
A
=
0.7 to 0.9 Watts
B
=
1.0 to 3.9 Watts
C
=
4.0 to 5.0 Watts
D
=
5.1 to 6.0 Watts
E
=
6.1 to 10 Watts
F
=
Position 6 - Physical Packages
RF Modem Operation
A
=
Receiver Only
B
=
Standard Control; No Display
C
=
Standard Control; With Display
D
=
Limited Keypad; No Display
E
=
Limited Keypad; With Display
F
=
Full Keypad; No Display
G
=
Full Keypad; With Display
H
=
Limited Controls; No Display
J
=
Limited Controls; Basic Display
K
=
Limited Controls; Limited Display
L
=
Rotary Controls; Standard Display
M
=
Enhanced Controls; Enhanced Display
N
=
Low Profile; No Display
P
=
Low Profile; Basic Display
Q
=
Low Profile; Basic Display, Full Keypad
R
=
Position 7 - Channel Spacing
1 = 5kHz 2 = 6.25kHz 3 = 10kHz 4 = 12.5kHz
T04S LF 9 P W 7 A N S P 0 1 123 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516
336 to 410MHz
P
=
403 to 437MHz
Q
=
438 to 482MHz
R
=
470 to 520MHz
S
=
Product Specific
T
=
806 to 870MHz
U
=
825 to 870MHz
V
=
896 to 941MHz
W
=
1.0 to 1.6GHz
Y
=
1.5 to 2.0GHz
Z
=
10.1 to 15 Watts
G
=
16 to 25 Watts
H
=
26 to 35 Watts
J
=
36 to 60 Watts
K
=
L
= 61 to 110 Watts
5 = 15kHz 6 = 20/25kHz 7 = 30kHz 9 = Variable/Programmable
Positions 13 - 16
SP Model Suffix
Position 12 -
Unique Model Variations
C = Cenelec N = Standard Package
Position 11 - Version
Version Letter (Alpha) - Major Change
Position 10 - Feature Level
1 = Basic 2 = Limited Package 3 = Limited Plus 4 = Intermediate 5 = Standard Package
Position 9 - Primary System Type
A
=
Conventional
B
=
Privacy Plus
C
=
Clear SMARTNET
D
=
Advanced Conventional Stat-Alert
E
=
Enhanced Privacy Plus
F
=
Nauganet 888 Series
G
=
Japan Specialized Mobile Radio (JSMR)
H
=
Multi-Channel Access (MCA)
J
=
CoveragePLUS
K
=
MPT1327* - Public
L
=
MPT1327* - Private
M
=
Radiocom
N
=
Tone Signalling
P
=
Binary Signalling
Q
=
Phonenet
W
=
Programmable
X
=
Secure Conventional
Y
=
Secure SMARTNET
6 = Standard Plus 7 = Expanded Package 8 = Expanded Plus 9 = Full Feature/ Programmable
* MPT = Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications
Position 8 - Primary Operation
A
=
Conventinal/Simplex
B
=
Conventional/Duplex
C
=
Trunked Twin Type
D
=
Dual Mode Trunked
E
=
Dual Mode Trunked/Duplex
F
=
Trunked Type I
G
=
Trunked Type II
H
=
FDMA* Digital Dual Mode
J
=
TDMA** Digital Dual Mode
K
=
Single Sideband
L
=
Global Positioning Satellite Capable
M
=
Amplitude Companded Sideband (ACSB)
P
=
Programmable
S
=
Integrated Voice and Data
* FDMA = Frequency Division Multiple Access
** TDMA = Time Division Multiple Access
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
MAEPF-27247-O
Page 20
xx Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications
ASTRO Digital Spectra Motorcycle 15 Watt (Ranges 1 and 2) Model Chart
Model Number Description
M04JGF9PW4AN Model W4 (136-162 MHz), Range 1, 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04JGF9PW5AN Model W5 (136-162 MHz), Range 1, 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04JGH9PW7AN Model W7 (136-162 MHz), Range 1, 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04KGF9PW4AN Model W4 (146-174 MHz), Range 2, 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04KGF9PW5AN Model W5 (146-174 MHz), Range 2, 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04KGH9PW7AN Model W7 (146-174 MHz), Range 2, 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04RGF9PW4AN Model W4 (438-470 MHz), Range 2, 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04RGF9PW5AN Model W5 (438-470 MHz), Range 2, 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04RGH9PW7AN Model W7 (438-470 MHz), Range 2, 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04UGF9PW4AN Model W4 (800 MHz), 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04UGF9PW5AN Model W5 (800 MHz), 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04UGH9PW7AN Model W7 (800 MHz), 15 Watt, 128 Channels
Item No. Description
XXX HLD6066_ VHF Power Amplifier Board, 25-Watt
XXXXXXXXXX HKN6062_ Cable, Control Head to Radio
XX
X HLD4342_ VHF VCO Carrier
XX
XXX HLD4343_ VHF VCO Carrier, CEPT XXX HLD6032_ VHF Power Amplifier Board, Range 2, 25-Watt
X HLD6061_ VHF VCO, Range 1, 136-162 MHz
XX
XXX HLD6062_ VHF VCO Board, Range 2, 146-174 MHz
XXX HLE6046_ UHF VCO Carrier, Range 2 XXX HLE6062_ UHF RF Power Amplifier Board, Range 2, 25-Watt XXX HLE6102_ UHF VCO Board, Range 2
XXX HLF6078_ 800 MHz RF Power Amplifier Board, 15-Watt XXX HLF6079_ 800 MHz VCO Board XXX HLF6080_ 800 MHz VCO Carrier Board
XXXXXXXXXX HLN1368_ White Motorcycle Enclosure and Hardware
XX XX
XXXXXXXXXX HLN6127_* Low-Power Dash Hardware XXXXXXXX HLN6193_ MPL Button Kit
XX
XXXXXXXXXX HLN6342_* Motorcycle Hardware
XX
XXXXXXXXXX HLN6365_ Interface Board Kit
XX
XXXXXXXXXX HLN6418_* Transceiver Hardware
XX
XX X X HLN6444_* W5 Motorcycle Control Head Hardware
X
X X X HLN6445_* W7 Motorcycle Control Head Hardware
X
XXXXXXXXXX HLN6458_ Vocoder Controller
XX X
XX
X XX XX
XX
XX X
X = Item Included _ = the latest version kit. When ordering a kit, refer to your specific kit for the suffix number. * = kit not available. Order piece parts from the Accessories and Aftermarket Division.
X HLN6459_ Interface Board
X X X X HLN6523_* W7 Button Kit
X
X
X X X HLN6548_* W5 Button Kit
X X HLN6549_* W4 Button Kit XXXXXXXXXX HLN6562_ Motorcycle Command Board Kit XXXXXXX HLN6563_ Motorcycle Control Head
X X X HLN6571_ Spare Button Kit XXXXXXXXXX HMN1079_ Weatherproof Microphone X HRD6001_ VHF Receiver Board, Range 1, Standard
XXX HRD6002_ VHF Receiver Board, Range 2, Standard
XXX HRE6002_ UHF Receiver Board, Range 2, Standard
XXX HRF6004_ 800 MHz FX Front-End
XXX HRN4009_ VHF RF Board
XXX HRN4010_ UHF RF Board
X HRN6014_ VHF RF Board, ASTRO
XXX HRN6019_ 800 MHz RF Board, ASTRO
XXXXXXXXXX HSN6003_ Weatherproof Speaker
X X X PMLN4019_ W4 Motorcycle Control Head
X RAE4024_ UHF Antenna, Quarterwave
XXX RAF4011_ 800 MHz Antenna, 3 dB Gain
HLN6454_ Motorcycle Control Head Board Kit
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 21
Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications xxi
ASTRO Digital Spectra Motorcycle 15 Watt (Ranges 3 and 3.5) Model Chart
Model Number Description
M04RGF9PW4ANSP02 Model W4 (450-482 MHz), Range 3, 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04RGF9PW5ANSP02 Model W5 (450-482 MHz), Range 3, 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04RGF9PW4ANSP01 Model W4 (453-488 MHz), Range 3.5, 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04RGF9PW5ANSP01 Model W5 (453-488 MHz), Range 3.5, 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04RGH9PW7ANSP01 Model W7 (453-488 MHz), Range 3.5, 15 Watt, 128 Channels
Item No. Description
X XXX X HKN6062_ Cable, Control Head to Radio X
X HLE6000_ UHF VCO Carrier, Range 3
X X X HLE6000DSP01 UHF VCO Carrier, Range 3.5
X HLE6043_ UHF RF Power Amplifier Board, Range 3, 40-Watt
X
X X X HLE6043CSP01 UHF RF Power Amplifier Board, Range 3.5, 40-Watt
X
X HLE6103_ UHF VCO Hybrid, Range 3
X X X HLE6103BSP01 UHF VCO Hybrid, Range 3.5
X
XXX X HLN1368_ White Motorcycle Enclosure and Hardware
X
XXX X HLN6127_* Low-Power Dash Hardware X X X HLN6193_ MPL Button Kit
X
XXX X HLN6342_* Motorcycle Hardware
X
XXX X HLN6365_ Interface Board Kit XXX X HLN6418_* Transceiver Hardware
X
X X HLN6444_* W5 Motorcycle Control Head Hardware
X HLN6445_* W7 Motorcycle Control Head Hardware
X
XXX X HLN6458_ Vocoder Controller
X HLN6523_* W7 Button Kit
X X HLN6548_* W5 Button Kit X X
X X X
X X X X
X HLN6549_* W4 Button Kit XXX X HLN6562_ Motorcycle Command Board Kit X X X HLN6563_ Motorcycle Control Head XXX X HLN6571_ Spare Button Kit XXX X HMN1079_ Weatherproof Microphone X HRE6003_ UHF Receiver Board, Range 3, Standard
X X X HRE6003BSP01 UHF Receiver Board, Range 3.5, Standard XXX X HRN6020_ UHF RF Board, ASTRO XXX X HSN6003_ Weatherproof Speaker
X PMLN4019_ W4 Motorcycle Control Head XXX X RAE4024_ UHF Antenna, Quarterwave
X = Item Included _ = the latest version kit. When ordering a kit, refer to your specific kit for the suffix number. * = kit not available. Order piece parts from the Accessories and Aftermarket Division.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 22
xxii Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications
ASTRO Digital Spectra VHF 10–25 Watt Model Chart
Model Number Description
D04JHH9PW3AN Model W3 (136-145.9 MHz), 10-25 Watt, 255 Channels
D04JHF9PW4AN Model W4 (136-162 MHz), 10-25 Watt, 128 Channels
D04JHF9PW5AN Model W5 (136-162 MHz); 10-25 Watt, 128 Channels
D04JHH9PW7AN Model W7 (136-162 MHz), 10-25 Watt, 255 Channels
T04JHH9PW9AN Model W9 (136-162 MHz), 10-25 Watt, 255 Channels
D04KHH9PW3AN Model W3 (146-145.9 MHz), 10-25 Watt, 255 Channels
D04KHF9PW4AN Model W4 (146-174 MHz), 10-25 Watt, 128 Channels
D04KHF9PW5AN Model W5 (146-174 MHz), 10-25 Watt, 128 Channels
D04KHH9PW7AN Model W7 (146-174 MHz), 10-25 Watt, 255 Channels
T04KHH9PW9AN Model W9 (146-174 MHz), 10-25 Watt, 255 Channels
Item No. Description
X XXXX HRD6001_ Front-End Receiver Board Kit (Range 1, 136-162 MHz)
XXXX HRD6002_ Front-End Receiver Board Kit (Range 2, 146-174 MHz)
X
XXXX X XX HRN6014_ RF Board Kit
X
XXXX X XXX HLD4342_ VCO Board Kit
X
XXXX HLD6061_ VCO Hybrid Kit (Range 1, 136-162 MHz)
XXXXX HLD6062_ VCO Hybrid Kit (Range 2, 146-174 MHz)
X
XXXXXXXXX HLN5558_ Command Board Kit XXXXXXXXX HLN6458_ VOCON Board Kit
X X
XXXX X XXX HLD6066_ Power Amplifier Board
X X HLN6344_ Interface Board XXX X XX HLN6401_ Control Head Interconnect Board X X AAHN4045_ W4 Control Head
X X XX HLN6396_ W5,W7 Control Head Board
X X HCN1078_ W9 Control Head XXX X XX HMN1080_ Microphone
X X HMN1061_ Microphone
X
XXXXXXXXX HSN4018_ Speaker
X X HLN4921_ Control Head (W9) Trunnion
X X HLN5488_ Radio Microphone Installation Hardware (W9 Trunnion)
X
XXX XXXX HLN6015_ Trunnion/Hardware (Dash Mount) XXX X XX HLN6060_ Dash-Mount Hardware
X X
XXXXXXXXX HLN6418_* Transceiver Hardware
X X HLN6440_* Control Head without Keypad Hardware
X
XXX XXXX HKN4191_ Power Cable (Length - 20 Feet)
X X HLN6549_* C4 Button Kit X X HLN6105_ Emergency/Secure/MPL Button Kit
X X XX HLN6193_ Emergency/MPL Field Option Button Kit X X HLN6548_* SMARTNET Button Kit
X X X
X = Item Included _ = the latest version kit. When ordering a kit, refer to your specific kit for the suffix number. * = kit not available. Order piece parts from the Accessories and Aftermarket Division.
X X X HLN6185_* Remote-Mount, SECURENET Control-Head Hardware
X X HLN6441_* Control Head with Keypad Hardware
X HLN6493_* Plug Kit X X HLN4952_ Fuse Kit X X HKN4356_ Radio Cable (Length -17 Feet)
X X HKN4192_ Power Cable (Length - 20 Feet) X X HLN6481_* Systems 9000 E9 Clear Button Kit
X X HLN6523_* SMARTNET Button Kit
X X HLN6167_ Option Button Kit
X HLD4343_ VCO Board Kit; VHF CEPT X HLD6032_ Power Amplifier Board Kit X HLN6127_ Hardware, Radio Dash Low-Power X HLN6459_ W3 Interface Board X HMN4044_ ASTRO Handheld Control Head (W3) X HRN4009_ RF Board Kit
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 23
Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications xxiii
ASTRO Digital Spectra VHF 10–25 and 50–110 Watt Model Chart
Model Number Description
D04JKH9PW3AN Model W3 (136-145.9 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 128 Channels
D04JKF9PW4AN Model W4 (136-162 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 128 Channels
D04JKF9PW5AN Model W5 (136-162 MHz); 25-50 Watt, 128 Channels
D04JKH9PW7AN Model W7 (136-162 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 255 Channels
T04JKH9PW9AN Model W9 (136-162 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 255 Channels
D04KKF9PW3AN Model W3 (146-174 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 128 Channels
D04KKF9PW4AN Model W4 (146-174 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 128 Channels
D04KKF9PW5AN Model W5 (146-174 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 128 Channels
D04KKH9PW7AN Model W7 (146-174 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 255 Channels
T04KKH9PW9AN Model W9 (146-174 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 255 Channels
T04JLH9PW3AN Model W3 (136-145.9 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04JLF9PW4AN Model W4 (136-162 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04JLF9PW5AN Model W5 (136-162 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04JLH9PW7AN Model W7 (136-162 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04JLH9PW9AN Model W9 (136-162 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04KLH9PW3AN Model W3 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04KLF9PW4AN Model W4 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04KLF9PW5AN Model W5 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04KLH9PW7AN Model W7 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04KLH9PW9AN Model W9 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
Item No. Description
XXXXX X XXXX HRD6001_ Front-End Rcvr Board Kit (Range 1, 136-162 MHz)
XXXXX XXX X X HRD6002_ Front-End Rcvr Board Kit (Range 2, 146-174 MHz)
XX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X HRN6014_ RF Board Kit XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X HLD4342_ VCO Board Kit
XX XX
XXX X XXXX HLD6061_ VCO Hybrid Kit (Range 1, 136-162 MHz)
XXXXX XXX X X HLD6062_ VCO Hybrid Kit (Range 2, 146-174 MHz)
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X HLN5558_ Command Board Kit
XX XX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X HLN6458_ VOCON Board Kit
X XXXX HLD6064_ Power Amplifier Board
(50-110W, Range 1, 136-162 MHz)
XX
XXXXXXXX HLD6022_ Power Amplifier Board
(25-50W, Range 1, 136-174 MHz)
XXX X X HLD6063_ Power Amplifier Board
(50-110W, Range 2, 146-174 MHz)
X X HLN6344_ Interface Board
XX XXX HLN6401_ Control Head Interconnect Board
X X
XX X X XX X X HLN6396_ W5,W7 Control Head Board
XX XXX XXX X X X HMN1080_ Microphone
X
XX
XXXXXXXX HSN4018_ Speaker
X
X X X AAHN4045_ W4 Control Head
XXXXXX X X HLN6486_ High-Power Interconnect Board XXX X X X HLN6432_ Control Head Back Housing
X X X X HCN1078_ W9 Control Head
X X X X HMN1061_ Microphone
X XXXXXXX X X HSN6001_ Speaker X X X X HLN4921_ Control Head (W9) Trunnion X X HLN5488_ Radio Microphone Installation Hardware (W9 Trunnion) X X X HLN6185_* Rem-Mount, SECURENET Control-Head Hardware
XXX X X X HLN6231_ Remote W4, W5, W7 Control-Head Trunnion
X XXXXXXX X X HLN6233_* Option Connector Hardware
X = Item Included _ = the latest version kit. When ordering a kit, refer to your specific kit for the suffix number. * = kit not available. Order piece parts from the Accessories and Aftermarket Division.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 24
xxiv Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications
ASTRO Digital Spectra VHF 10–25 and 50–110 Watt Model Chart (cont.)
Model Number Description
D04JKH9PW3AN Model W3 (136-145.9 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 128 Channels
D04JKF9PW4AN Model W4 (136-162 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 128 Channels
D04JKF9PW5AN Model W5 (136-162 MHz); 25-50 Watt, 128 Channels
D04JKH9PW7AN Model W7 (136-162 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 255 Channels
T04JKH9PW9AN Model W9 (136-162 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 255 Channels
D04KKF9PW3AN Model W3 (146-174 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 128 Channels
D04KKF9PW4AN Model W4 (146-174 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 128 Channels
D04KKF9PW5AN Model W5 (146-174 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 128 Channels
D04KKH9PW7AN Model W7 (146-174 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 255 Channels
T04KKH9PW9AN Model W9 (146-174 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 255 Channels
T04JLH9PW3AN Model W3 (136-145.9 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04JLF9PW4AN Model W4 (136-162 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04JLF9PW5AN Model W5 (136-162 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04JLH9PW7AN Model W7 (136-162 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04JLH9PW9AN Model W9 (136-162 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04KLH9PW3AN Model W3 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04KLF9PW4AN Model W4 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04KLF9PW5AN Model W5 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04KLH9PW7AN Model W7 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04KLH9PW9AN Model W9 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
Item No. Description
X XXXXXXXXXHLN6132_* High-Power Installation Hardware
XX
XX XXXX HLN6015_ Trunnion/Hardware (Dash Mount)
XX
XX XXXX HLN6060_ Dash-Mount Hardware
X XXXXXXXXXHLN6121_* High-Power Radio Hardware
XX
XXXXXXXX HLN6418_* Transceiver Hardware X X X X HLN6440_* Control Head without Keypad Hardware
X X X X HLN6441_* Control Head with Keypad Hardware
X XXXXXXXXXHLN6525_* High-Power Transceiver Hardware
X X XXX X HLN6493_* Plug Kit X XXXXXXXXXXHLN4952_ Fuse Kit X X XXXXXXXXHKN4356_ Radio Cable (Length -17 Feet)
X XXXXXXXXXHKN6039_ Cable (Length - 17 Feet) X XXXXXXXXXHKN4051_ Cable and Fuse
XX
XX XXXX HKN4191_ Power Cable (Length - 20 Feet)
X X HKN4192_ Power Cable (Length - 20 Feet) X X X X HLN6481_* Systems 9000 E9 Clear Button Kit
X X
XX X X XX X X HLN6193_ Emergency/MPL Field Option Button Kit X X X X HLN6548_* SMARTNET Button Kit
X X X X HLN6523_* SMARTNET Button Kit
X X X
X X X HLN6549_* C4 Button Kit
X X X HLN6105_ Emergency/Secure/MPL Button Kit
X X X X HLN6167_ Option Button Kit
X HLN6459_ W3 Interface Board Kit X X X HMN4044_ ASTRO Handheld Control Head (W3) X X X TLN5277_ Filter Kit
X X HKN6096_ Handheld Control Head ”Y” Cable Kit X X HLN6291_ Installation Hardware Kit X X HLN6574_ W3 Interconnect Board Kit
X = Item Included _ = the latest version kit. When ordering a kit, refer to your specific kit for the suffix number. * = kit not available. Order piece parts from the Accessories and Aftermarket Division.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 25
Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications xxv
ASTRO Digital Spectra UHF 10–25 Watt Model Chart
Model Number Description
D04RHH9PW3AN Model W3 (438-470 MHz), 10-25 Watt, 255 Channels
D04RHF9PW4AN Model W4 (438-470 MHz), 10-25 Watt, 128 Channels
D04RHF9PW5AN Model W5 (438-470 MHz), 10-25 Watt, 128 Channels
D04RHH9PW7AN Model W7 (438-470 MHz), 10-25 Watt, 255 Channels
T04RHH9PW9AN Model W9 (438-470 MHz), 10-25 Watt, 255 Channels
Item No. Description
X AAHN4045_ Front Housing XXX X HAE4003_ Antenna
X X
XXX HKN4191_ Power Cable (Length-20 Feet)
X
XXX X HLE6046_ VCO Carrier, Range 2 XXX X HLE6062_ Power Amplifier, 25W, Range 2
X X
XXX X HLE6102_ VCO Hybrid Kit, Range 2
X
XXX X HLN5558_ Command Board Kit
X
XXX HLN6015_ Trunnion XXX HLN6073_ Dash-Mount Hardware X HLN6105_ Emergency/Secure/MPL Button Kit X HLN6549_* C4 Button Kit XXX HLN6401_ Control Head Interconnect Board
X
XXX X HLN6418_* Transceiver Hardware XXX X HLN6458_ VOCODER Controller
X
XXX HMN1080_ Microphone XXX X HRE6002_ Receiver, Range 2
X
XXX X HRN6020_ RF Board Kit
X
XXX X HSN4018_ Speaker
X HLN6548_* SMARTNET Button Kit X X HLN6193_ Emergency/MPL Field Option Button Kit X X HLN6396_ DEK Compatible Control Head X HLN6440_* Control Head without Keypad Hardware
X HLN6441_* Control Head with Keypad Hardware X HLN6523_* SMARTNET Button Kit
X HCN1078_ W9 Control Head X HKN4192_ Power Cable (Length-20 Feet) X HKN4356_ Radio Cable X HLN4921_ Trunnion X HLN4952_ Fuse Kit X HLN5488_ Installation Hardware X HLN6162_* Remote Hardware X HLN6167_ Option Button Kit
X
X X X X X
X HSN6185_ Remote-Mount, SECURENET Control-Head Hardware X HLN6344_ Interface Board X HLN6481_* Systems 9000 E9 Clear Button Kit X HLN6493_* Plug Kit X HMN1061_ Microphone
HLN6127_ Dash Hardware, Low-Power Kit HLN6459_ W3 Interface Board Kit HMN4044_ ASTRO Handheld Control Head (W3) HRN4010_ Low-Power RF Board Kit TLN5277_ Filter Kit
X = Item Included _ = the latest version kit. When ordering a kit, refer to your specific kit for the suffix number. * = kit not available. Order piece parts from the Accessories and Aftermarket Division.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 26
xxvi Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications
ASTRO Digital Spectra UHF 20–40 Watt Model Chart
Model Number Description
D04QKH9PW3AN Model W3 (403-433 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04QKF9PW4AN Model W4 (403-433 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04QKF9PW5AN Model W5 (403-433 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04QKH9PW7AN Model W7 (403-433 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 255 Channels
T04QKH9PW9AN Model W9 (403-433 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 255 Channels
D04RKH9PW3ANSP01 Model W3 (450-482 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04RKF9PW4AN Model W4 (450-482 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04RKF9PW5AN Model W5 (450-482 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04RKH9PW7AN Model W7 (450-482 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 255 Channels
T04RKH9PW9AN Model W9 (450-482 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 255 Channels
D04SKH9PW3AN Model W3 (482-512 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04SKF9PW4AN Model W4 (482-512 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04SKF9PW5AN Model W5 (482-512 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04SKH9PW7AN Model W7 (482-512 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 255 Channels
T04SKH9PW9AN Model W9 (482-512 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 255 Channels
Item No. Description
X X X AAHN4045_ Front Housing
XXX HAE4002_ Antenna, Roof Top
XX XX
XX XXXXXXXX HKN4191_ Power Cable (Length-20 Feet)
X X X HKN4192_ Power Cable (Length-20 Feet) X X X HKN4356_ Radio Cable (Length-17 Feet)
XX
XXX HLE6045_ VCO Carrier, Range 1 XXX HLE6049_ Power Amplifier, 40W, Range 1
XX XX
XXX HLE6101_ VCO Hybrid Kit, Range 1
X X X HLN4921_ Trunnion X X X HLN4952_ Fuse Kit X X X HLN5488_ Installation Hardware
XX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX HLN5558_ Command Board Kit XX XXXXXXXX HLN6015_ Trunnion/Hardware (Dash Mount)
XX XX
XX XXXXXXXX HLN6073_ Dash-Mount Hardware X X X HLN6548_* SMARTNET Button Kit
X HLN6162_* Remote-Mount Hardware X X X HLN6167_ Option Button Kit
X
X X
X
XX
XX
X XX XX
X XX X HLN6185_* Remote-Mount, SECURENET Control-Head Hardware XX X X XX HLN6193_ Emergency/MPL Field Option Button Kit XX X X XX HLN6396_ Control Head Deck Compatible
X X HLN6105_ Emergency/Secure/MPL Button Kit X X HLN6549_* C4 Button Kit
X X X HLN6344_ Interface Board XX XXX XXX HLN6401_ Control Head Interconnect Board XXXXXXXXXXXXX HLN6418_* Transceiver Hardware X X X HLN6440_* Control Head without Keypad Hardware
X X X HLN6441_* Control Head with Keypad Hardware
XXXXXXXXXXXXX HLN6458_ VOCODER Controller
X X X HLN6481_* Systems 9000 E9 Clear Button Kit
X X X HLN6493_* Plug Kit
X X X HLN6523_* SMARTNET Button Kit XX XXX XXX HMN1080_ Microphone XXX HRE6001_ Receiver R/E, Range 1 XXXXXXXXXXXXX HRN6020_ RF Board
X X X HMN1061_ Microphone
X = Item Included _ = the latest version kit. When ordering a kit, refer to your specific kit for the suffix number. * = kit not available. Order piece parts from the Accessories and Aftermarket Division.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 27
Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications xxvii
ASTRO Digital Spectra UHF 20–40 Watt Model Chart (cont.)
Model Number Description
D04QKH9PW3AN Model W3 (403-433 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04QKF9PW4AN Model W4 (403-433 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04QKF9PW5AN Model W5 (403-433 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04QKH9PW7AN Model W7 (403-433 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 255 Channels
T04QKH9PW9AN Model W9 (403-433 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 255 Channels
D04RKH9PW3ANSP01 Model W3 (450-482 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04RKF9PW4AN Model W4 (450-482 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04RKF9PW5AN Model W5 (450-482 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04RKH9PW7AN Model W7 (450-482 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 255 Channels
T04RKH9PW9AN Model W9 (450-482 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 255 Channels
D04SKH9PW3AN Model W3 (482-512 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04SKF9PW4AN Model W4 (482-512 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04SKF9PW5AN Model W5 (482-512 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 128 Channels
D04SKH9PW7AN Model W7 (482-512 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 255 Channels
T04SKH9PW9AN Model W9 (482-512 MHz), 20-40 Watt, 255 Channels
Item No. Description
XXXXX HAE4003_ Antenna, Quarterwave
XXXX HLE6000_ VCO Carrier, Range 3 XXXX HLE6043_ Power Amplifier, 40W, range 3 XXXX HLE6103_ VCO Hybrid Kit, range 3 XXXX HRE6003_ Receiver R/E, Range 3
XX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX HSN4018_ Speaker
X X X HCN1078_ W9 Control Head
X XXXX HAE4004_ Antenna, Roof Top X XXXX HLE6041_ VCO Carrier, Range 4 X XXXX HLE6044_ Power Amplifier, 40W, Range 4 X XXXX HLE6104_ VCO Hybrid Kit, Range 4
X XXXX HRE6004_ Receiver R/E, Range 4 X X
X X HLN6459_ W3 Interface Board X X HMN4044_ ASTRO Handheld Control Head (W3)
X = Item Included _ = the latest version kit. When ordering a kit, refer to your specific kit for the suffix number. * = kit not available. Order piece parts from the Accessories and Aftermarket Division.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 28
xxviii Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications
ASTRO Digital Spectra UHF 50–110 Watt Model Chart
Model Number Description
T04QLF9PW4AN Model W4 (403-433 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04QLF9PW5AN Model W5 (403-433 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04QLH9PW7AN Model W7 (403-433 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04QLH9PW9AN Model W9 (403-433 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04RLF9PW4AN Model W4 (450-482 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04RLF9PW5AN Model W5 (450-482 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04RLH9PW7AN Model W7 (450-482 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04RLH9PW9AN Model W9 (450-482 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04SLF9PW4AN Model W4 (482-512 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04SLF9PW5AN Model W5 (482-512 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04SLHPW7AN Model W7 (482-512 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04SLHPW9AN Model W9 (482-512 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
Item No. Description
X X X AAHN4045_ Front Housing
XX HAE4002_ Antenna, Roof Top
XX
X XXX HAE4003_ Antenna, Quarterwave
XXXX HAE4004_ Antenna, Roof Top
XXXXXXXXXX HKN4051_ Cable and Fuse
XX XX
XXXXXXXXXX HKN4356_ Radio Cable (Length-17 Feet)
XX
XXXXXXXXXX HKN6039_ Cable (Length-17 Feet)
X XXX HLE6039_ VCO Carrier, Range 3
XXXX HLE6040_ Power Amplifier Board, Range 4 XXXX HLE6041_ VCO Carrier, Range 4
XX
XX HLE6045_ VCO Carrier, Range 1
XX
XX HLE6051_ Power Amplifier Board, 100W, Range 1 XX HLE6101_ VCO Hybrid Kit, Range 1
XX
X XXX HLE6103_ VCO Hybrid Kit, Range 3
XXXX HLE6104_ VCO Hybrid Kit, Range 4
XXXXXXXXXX HLN4952_ Fuse Kit
XX XX
XXXXXXXXXX HLN5558_ Command Board Kit X XX XX XX XX X XX XX XX
XX XX XX
XX XX
X X X
X X HLN6105_ Emergency/Secure/MPL Button Kit XXXXXXXXXX HLN6121_* High-Power Radio Hardware XXXXXXXXXX HLN6132_* Installation Hardware, High-Power XXXX XXX HLN6231_ Remote W4, W5, W7 Control-Head Trunnion XXXXXXXXXX HLN6233_* Option Connector Hardware
X X HLN6549_* C4 Button Kit XXXX XXX HLN6432_ Back Housing, Control Head XXXXXXXXXX HLN6458_ VOCON Board Kit XXXXXXXXXX HLN6486_ Interconnect Board
X X XXX HLN6493_* Plug Kit XXXXXXXXXX HLN6525_* High-Power Transceiver Hardware XXXXX XXX HMN1080_ Microphone XX X X HMN1061_ Microphone
X HRE6001_ Receiver Board Kit, Range 1
X XXX HRE6003_ Receiver Board Kit, Range 3
XXXX HRE6004_ Receiver Board Kit, Range 4 XXXXXXXXXX HRN6020_ RF Board XXXXXXXXX HSN6001_ Speaker
X X HLN6548_* SMARTNET Button Kit X XX XX HLN6193_ Emergency/MPL Field Option Button Kit X XX XX HLN6396_ W5, W7 Control Head Board
X = Item Included _ = the latest version kit. When ordering a kit, refer to your specific kit for the suffix number. * = kit not available. Order piece parts from the Accessories and Aftermarket Division.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 29
Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications xxix
ASTRO Digital Spectra UHF 50–110 Watt Model Chart (cont.)
Model Number Description
T04QLF9PW4AN Model W4 (403-433 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04QLF9PW5AN Model W5 (403-433 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04QLH9PW7AN Model W7 (403-433 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04QLH9PW9AN Model W9 (403-433 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04RLF9PW4AN Model W4 (450-482 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04RLF9PW5AN Model W5 (450-482 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04RLH9PW7AN Model W7 (450-482 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04RLH9PW9AN Model W9 (450-482 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 255 Channels
T04SLF9PW4AN Model W4 (482-512 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04SLF9PW5AN Model W5 (482-512 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04SLHPW7AN Model W7 (482-512 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04SLHPW9AN Model W9 (482-512 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
Item No. Description
X X X HLN6440_* Control Head without Keypad Hardware
X X X HLN6441_* Control Head with Keypad Hardware X X X HLN6523_* SMARTNET Button Kit
X X X HCN1078_ W9 Control Head X X X HLN4921_ Trunnion X X X HLN6167_ Option Button Kit X X X HLN6481_* Systems 9000 E9 Clear Button Kit
X = Item Included _ = the latest version kit. When ordering a kit, refer to your specific kit for the suffix number. * = kit not available. Order piece parts from the Accessories and Aftermarket Division.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 30
xxx Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications
ASTRO Digital Spectra 800 MHz Model Chart
Model Number Description
D04UJF9PW3AN Model W3 (800 MHz), 35 Watt, 128 Channels
D04UJF9PW4AN Model W4 (800 MHz), 35 Watt, 128 Channels
D04UJF9PW5AN Model W5 (800 MHz), 35 Watt, 128 Channels
D04UJF9PW7AN Model W7 (800 MHz), 35 Watt, 255 Channels
T04UJF9PW9AN Model W9 (800 MHz), 35 Watt, 255 Channels
Item No. Description
X AAHN4045_ Front Housing XXX HKN4191_ Power Cable (Length-20 Feet)
X X
XXX X HLF6077_ Power Amplifier
X
XXX X HLF6079_ VCO Hybrid XXX X HLF6080_ VCO Carrier
X X
XXX HLN6015_ Trunnion/Hardware X HLN6040_ Phon/Page/Emer/MPL Button
X
XXX X HLN6126_* Mid-Power Dash Mount Radio Hardware
X X HLN6193_ Emergency/MPL Field Option Button Kit X HLN6549_* C4 Button Kit XXX HLN6401_ Control Head Interconnect Board XXX X HLN6418_* Transceiver Hardware XXX HMN1080_ Microphone XXX X HRF6004_ Front-End Receiver Kit
X X
XXX X HRN6019_ RF Board Kit XXX X HSN4018_ Speaker
X X
XXX X RRA4914_ Antenna
X
XXX X HLN5558_ Command Board Kit
X HLN6548_* SMARTNET Button Kit
X X HLN6396_ Control Head Deck Compatible
X HLN6440_* Control Head without Keypad Hardware XXX X HLN6458_ VOCODER Controller
X
X HLN6441_* Control Head with Keypad Hardware X HLN6523_* SMARTNET Button Kit
X HCN1078_ W9 Control Head X HKN4192_ Power Cable (Length-20 Feet) X HKN4356_ Radio Cable (Length-17 Feet) X HLN4921_ Trunnion, Control Head w9 X HLN4952_ Fuse Kit X HLN5488_ Installation Hardware (W9 Trunnion) Radio Microphone X HLN6167_ Option Button Kit
X
X HLN6185_* Remote-Mount, SECURENET Control Head Hardware X HLN6344_ Interface Board X HLN6481_* Systems 9000 E9 Clear Button Kit X HLN6493_* Plug Kit X HMN1061_ Microphone
X = Item Included _ = the latest version kit. When ordering a kit, refer to your specific kit for the suffix number. * = kit not available. Order piece parts from the Accessories and Aftermarket Division.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 31
Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications xxxi
ASTRO Digital Spectra Plus VHF 25–50 and 50–110 Watt Model Chart
Model Number Description
D04KKH9SW3AN Model W3 (146-174 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 512 Channels
D04KKF9SW4AN Model W4 (146-174 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 128 Channels
D04KKF9SW5AN Model W5 (146-174 MHz); 25-50 Watt, 128 Channels
D04KKH9SW7AN Model W7 (146-174 MHz),25-50 Watt, 512 Channels
T04KKH9SW9AN Model W9 (146-174 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 512 Channels
T04KLH9SW3AN Model W3 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 512 Channels
T04KLF9SW4AN Model W4 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04KLF9SW5AN Model W5 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04KLH9SW7AN Model W7 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 512 Channels
T04KLH9SW9AN Model W9 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 512 Channels
Item No. Description
X XXXXXXXXX HRD6002_ Front-End Rcvr Board Kit (Range 2, 146-174 MHz)
XXXXXXXXX HRN6014_ RF Board Kit
X X
XXXXXXXXX HLD4342_ VCO Board Kit
X
XXXXXXXXX HLD6062_ VCO Hybrid Kit (Range 2, 146-174 MHz)
X
XXXXXXXXX HLN5558_ Command Board Kit
X
XXXXXXXXX HLN6837_ VOCON Board Kit
X
XXXX HLD6022_ Power Amplifier Board
(25-50W, Range 2, 146-174 MHz)
XXXXX HLD6063_ Power Amplifier Board
(50-110W, Range 2, 146-174 MHz)
X HLN6344_ Interface Board XXX HLN6401_ Control Head Interconnect Board X X AAHN4045_ W4 Control Head
X XXX HLN6486_ High-Power Interconnect Board X XX HLN6432_ Control Head Back Housing
X X XX HLN6396_ W5,W7 Control Head Board
X X HCN1078_ W9 Control Head
O
OOOOOOOOO NTN9801_ ASTRO Spectra Plus UCM XXX X XX HMN1080_ Microphone
X X HMN1061_ Microphone
X
XXXX HSN4018_ Speaker
XXXXX HSN6001_ Speaker X X HLN4921_ Control Head (W9) Trunnion X X HLN5488_ Radio Microphone Installation Hardware (W9 Trunnion)
X
XXX HLN6015_ Trunnion/Hardware (Dash Mount)
X X
XXX HLN6060_ Dash-Mount Hardware
XXXX HLN6866_* Transceiver Hardware
X
X X HLN6440_* Control Head without Keypad Hardware
X HLN6185_* Rem-Mount, SECURENET Control-Head Hardware
X XX HLN6231_ Remote W4, W5, W7 Control-Head Trunnion XXXXX HLN6233_* Option Connector Hardware XXXXX HLN6132_* High-Power Installation Hardware
XXXXX HLN6121_* High-Power Radio Hardware
X X HLN6441_* Control Head with Keypad Hardware
XXXXX HLN6525_* High-Power Transceiver Hardware
X X HLN6493_* Plug Kit X X XXX HLN4952_ Fuse Kit X X XXX HKN4356_ Radio Cable (Length -17 Feet)
XXXXX HKN6039_ Cable (Length - 17 Feet) XXXXX HKN4051_ Cable and Fuse
X = Item Included O = Optional item _ = the latest version kit. When ordering a kit, refer to your specific kit for the suffix number. * = kit not available. Order piece parts from the Accessories and Aftermarket Division.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 32
xxxii Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications
ASTRO Digital Spectra Plus VHF 25–50 and 50–110 Watt Model Chart (cont.)
Model Number Description
D04KKH9SW3AN Model W3 (146-174 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 512 Channels
D04KKF9SW4AN Model W4 (146-174 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 128 Channels
D04KKF9SW5AN Model W5 (146-174 MHz); 25-50 Watt, 128 Channels
D04KKH9SW7AN Model W7 (146-174 MHz),25-50 Watt, 512 Channels
T04KKH9SW9AN Model W9 (146-174 MHz), 25-50 Watt, 512 Channels
T04KLH9SW3AN Model W3 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 512 Channels
T04KLF9SW4AN Model W4 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04KLF9SW5AN Model W5 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 128 Channels
T04KLH9SW7AN Model W7 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 512 Channels
T04KLH9SW9AN Model W9 (146-174 MHz), 50-110 Watt, 512 Channels
Item No. Description
X XXX HKN4191_ Power Cable (Length - 20 Feet)
X HKN4192_ Power Cable (Length - 20 Feet)
X X HLN6481_* Systems 9000 E9 Clear Button Kit X X HLN6549_* C4 Button Kit XXXX X XXX HLN6105_ Emergency/Secure/MPL Button Kit
X X HLN6548_* SMARTNET Button Kit
X X HLN6523_* SMARTNET Button Kit
X X HLN6167_ Option Button Kit
X X X
X HMN4044_ ASTRO Handheld Control Head (W3) X TLN5277_ Filter Kit X HKN6096_ Handheld Control Head ”Y” Cable Kit X HLN6291_ Installation Hardware Kit X HLN6574_ W3 Interconnect Board Kit
HLN6459_ W3 Interface Board Kit
X = Item Included O = Optional item _ = the latest version kit. When ordering a kit, refer to your specific kit for the suffix number. * = kit not available. Order piece parts from the Accessories and Aftermarket Division.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 33
Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications xxxiii
ASTRO Digital Spectra Plus 800 MHz Model Chart
Model Number Description
M04UGF9SW4AN Model W4 (800 MHz), 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04UGF9SW5AN Model W5 (800 MHz), 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04UGH9SW7AN Model W7 (800 MHz), 15 Watt, 512 Channels
D04UJH9SW3AN Model W3 (800 MHz), 35 Watt, 512 Channels
D04UJF9SW4AN Model W4 (800 MHz), 35 Watt, 128 Channels
D04UJF9SW5AN Model W5 (800 MHz), 35 Watt, 128 Channels
D04UJH9SW7AN Model W7 (800 MHz), 35 Watt, 512 Channels
T04UJH9SW9AN Model W9 (800 MHz), 35 Watt, 512 Channels
Item No. Description
X AAHN4045_ Front Housing, W4 Control Head XXXX HKN4191_ Power Cable (Length-20 Feet) XXXXX HLF6077_ Power Amplifier
XX HLF6078_ 15W. 800 MHz Power Amplifier
X X
XXXXXXX HLF6079_ VCO Hybrid
X
XXXXXXX HLF6080_ VCO Carrier
XXXX HLN6015_ Trunnion/Hardware
X
XX X XXX HLN6688A_ Phon/Page/Emer/MPL Button
XXXXX HLN6126_ Mid-Power Dash Mount Radio Hardware
XX X XXX HLN6645A_ Emergency/MPL Field Option Button Kit
X
X HLN6549_* W4 Button Kit
X XX HLN6401_ Control Head Interconnect Board
X
XX HLN6365_ Interface Board, Motorcycle
X
XXXXXXX HLN6418_* Transceiver Hardware
X XX HMN1080_ Microphone, Modified Standard
X
XXXXXXX HRF6004_ Front-End Receiver Kit
X
XXXXXXX HRN6019_ RF Board Kit
XXXXX HSN4018_ Speaker XXXXX RRA4914_ Antenna XXXXX HLN5558_ Command Board Kit
XX HLN6562_ Command Board, Motorcycle
X
X X HLN6548_* SMARTNET Button Kit
XX HLN6396_ Control Head Deck Compatible X HLN6440_* W5 Control Head without Keypad Hardware
X
XX HLN6563_ Motorcycle Control Head
X HLN6445_* Hardware, Control Head, Motorcycle
X HLN6208_ Button, Spectra SecureNET
X HLN6441_* W7 Control Head with Keypad Hardware
X X HLN6523_* SMARTNET Button Kit
OOOOX HKN4192_ Power Cable (Length-20 Feet)
O OOX HKN4356_ Remote Mount Radio Cable (Length-17 Feet)
XOOOX HLN6185_* Remote-Mount, SECURENET Control Head Hardware
O OOX HLN6344_ Interface Board, Remote Mount
PMLN4019_ W4 ASTRO Motorcycle Control Head
X HCN1078_ W9 Control Head
X HLN4921_ Trunnion, Control Head w9 X HLN4952_ Fuse Kit X HLN5488_ Installation Hardware (W9 Trunnion) X HLN6167_ Option Button Kit
X HLN6481_* Systems 9000 E9 Clear Button Kit X HMN1061_ Microphone
X = Item Included O = Optional _ = the latest version kit. When ordering a kit, refer to your specific kit for the suffix number. * = kit not available. Order piece parts from the Accessories and Aftermarket Division.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 34
xxxiv Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications
ASTRO Digital Spectra Plus 800 MHz Model Chart (cont.)
Model Number Description
M04UGF9SW4AN Model W4 (800 MHz), 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04UGF9SW5AN Model W5 (800 MHz), 15 Watt, 128 Channels
M04UGH9SW7AN Model W7 (800 MHz), 15 Watt, 512 Channels
D04UJH9SW3AN Model W3 (800 MHz), 35 Watt, 512 Channels
D04UJF9SW4AN Model W4 (800 MHz), 35 Watt, 128 Channels
D04UJF9SW5AN Model W5 (800 MHz), 35 Watt, 128 Channels
D04UJH9SW7AN Model W7 (800 MHz), 35 Watt, 512 Channels
T04UJH9SW9AN Model W9 (800 MHz), 35 Watt, 512 Channels
Item No. Description
X HLN6638_ Radio Hardware
XXXXXXX HLN6837_ Vocoder/Controller
X
XXXX HLN6073_ Radio Hardware X HLN6459_ Interface Board X HMN4044_ Handheld Control Head X HLN6613_ Transceiver Hardware
X X HLN6493_* Large Black Plug Kit
XX X XXX HLN6105_ Spare Button Kit
X
X HLN6675_* System 9000 Button Kit Secure
X
XX HLN6639_* Radio Hardware XX HKN6062_ Cable, Control Head to Radio
X X
XX HLN6179_ Motorcycle Adapter Control Head Speaker XX HKN6032_ Motorcycle Power Cable
X X
XX HLN6180_ Motorcycle Mounting Hardware
X
XX HLN6342_* Motorcycle Hardware Secure
X HLN6249_* Button, Secure
X
XX RAF4011_ 800 MHz Antenna, 3 dB Gain
X
XX HSN6003_ Motorcycle Waterproof Speaker XX HMN1079_ Modified Motorcycle Waterproof Microphone
X
X X HLN6524_ Button, Conventional
O OO HKN6432_ Back Housing Kit O OO HLN6231_ Hardware, Remote-Mount Dash
X HLN6444_* Hardware, Control Head, Motorcycle
X = Item Included O = Optional _ = the latest version kit. When ordering a kit, refer to your specific kit for the suffix number. * = kit not available. Order piece parts from the Accessories and Aftermarket Division.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 35
Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications xxxv
VHF Radio Specifications
GENERAL RECEIVER TRANSMITTER
FCC Designations: AZ492FT3772 Frequency Range: Frequency Range:
Temperature Range:
Operating: –30°C to +60°C Channel Spacing: 12.5 kHz, 25 kHz Rated Output Power: Storage: –40°C to +85°C Low-Power Radio: 10–25 Watt Variable
Power Supply: 12 Vdc Negative Ground Only High-Power Radio: 50–110 Watt Variable
Battery Drain: (Maximum) Range 1: 26 MHz Channel Spacing: 12.5 kHz, 25 kHz 10–25 Watt Variable: Range 2: 28 MHz
Standby @ 13.8 V: 0.8 A Channel Increment Step: 2.5 kHz
Receive at Rated Audio @ 13.8 V: 3.0 A Sensitivity: (per EIA spec. RS204C)
Transmit @ Rated Power: 7.0 A 20 dB Quieting: (25/30 kHz Channel Spacing) Output Impedance: 50 Ohm 25–50 Watt Variable: With Optional Preamp: 0.30 µV
Standby @ 13.8 V: 0.8 A Without Optional Preamp: 0.50 µV Frequency Separation: Receive at Rated Audio @ 13.8 V: 3.0 A 12 dB SINAD (25/30 kHz Channel Spacing) Range 1: 26 MHz Transmit @ Rated Power: 13.5 A With Optional Preamp: 0.20 µV Range 2: 28 MHz 50–110 Watt Variable: Without Optional Preamp: 0.35 µV
Standby @ 13.8 V: 0.9 A Frequency Stability:
Receive at Rated Audio @ 13.8 V: 4.0 A Selectivity: (per EIA Specifications) (–30 to +60°C; 25°C Ref.): ±0.00025% Transmit @ Rated Power: 27.5 A (Measured in the Analog Mode)
Dimensions (H x W x D) 12.5 kHz Channel Spacing: –70 dB 25 kHz/30 kHz Channel Spacing: ±5.0 kHz W4, W5, and W7 Models: 12.5 kHz Channel Spacing: ±2.5 kHz
Remote-Mount Control Head: 2.0" x 7.1"x 2.2" Intermodulation: (per EIA Specifications)
(50.8 mm x 180.3 mm x 55.9 mm) (Measured in the Analog Mode) FM Hum and Noise:
Dash-Mount Radio: 2.0" x 7.1"x 8.6" With Optional Preamp: –70 dB (Measured in the Analog Mode): –45 dB
(50.8 mm x 180.3 mm x 218.4 mm) Without Optional Preamp: –80 dB
W9 Model: Emission (Conducted and Radiated): –75 dB
Remote-Mount Control Head: 3.4" x 6.5"x 1.7" Spurious Rejection:
(86.4 mm x 165.1 mm x 43.2 mm) With Optional Preamp: –80 dB Audio Sensitivity:
Speaker: (excluding mounting bracket) Without Optional Preamp: –83 dB (For 60% Max. Deviation at 1 kHz): 0.08V ±3 dB
(139.7 mm x 139. 7mm x 63.5 mm) Frequency Stability: Audio Response:
Weight: (6 dB/Octave Pre-Emphasis 300 to 3000 Hz):
Mid-Power Radio: 6.1 lbs (2.8 kg) Audio Output: (per EIA Specifications) +1, –3 dB High-Power Radio: 11.2 lbs (5.1 kg) (Measured in the Analog Mode):
Speaker: 1.5 lbs (0.7 kg) 5 Watts at Less Than 3% Distortion Emissions Designators:
AZ492FT3773 Range 1: 136–162 MHz Range 1: 136–162 MHz
Range 2: 146–174 MHz Range 2: 146–174 MHz
Input Impedance: 50 Ohm Mid-Power Radio: 25–50 Watt Variable
Frequency Separation:
25/30 kHz Channel Spacing: –80 dB Modulation Limiting:
5.5" x 5.5"x 2.5"
(–30° to +60°C; 25°C Reference): ±0.00025% (Measured in the Analog Mode)
10 Watts Optional with Reduced Duty Cycle 8K10F1E, 11K0F3E, 15K0F2D, 16K0F3E,
12 Watts for High-Power Radios 20K0F1E, and 15K0F1D
AZ492FT3771: 11K0F1D, 11K0F2D
AZ492FT3772: 10K0F1D, 10K0F2D
AZ492FT3773: 11K0F1D, 11K0F2D
All measurements are taken in the test mode at 25 kHz channel spacing except where indicated.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Specifications subject to change without notice.
Page 36
xxxvi Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications
UHF Radio Specifications
GENERAL RECEIVER TRANSMITTER
FCC Designations: AZ492FT4786 Frequency Range: Frequency Range:
Temperature Range: Range 3: 450–482 MHz Range 3: 450–482 MHz
Operating: –30°C to +60°C Range 4: 482–512 MHz Range 4: 482–512 MHz Storage: –40°C to +85°C
Power Supply: 12 Vdc Negative Ground Only Low-Power Radio: 1–6 Watt Variable
Battery Drain: (Maximum)
1–6 Watt Variable: Frequency Separation: High-Power Radio: 50–110* Watt Variable
Standby @ 13.8 V: 0.7 A Range 1 and 4: 30 MHz
Receive at Rated Audio @ 13.8 V: 3.0 A Range 2 and 3: 32 MHz Channel Spacing: 12.5 kHz or 25 kHz Transmit @ Rated Power: 4.0 A
10–25 Watt Variable: Sensitivity: (per EIA spec. RS204C) Output Impedance: 50 Ohm Standby @ 13.8 V: 0.7 A 20 dB Quieting: (25 kHz Channel Spacing)
Receive at Rated Audio @ 13.8 V: 3.0 A With Optional Preamp: 0.30 µV Frequency Separation: Transmit @ Rated Power: 7.0 A Without Optional Preamp: 0.50 µV Range 1 and 4: 30 MHz 20–40 Watt Variable: 12 dB SINAD (25 kHz Channel Spacing) Range 2 and 3: 32 MHz (30 W Max. in Talk-Around Mode) With Optional Preamp: 0.20 µV
Standby @ 13.8 V: 0.7 A Without Optional Preamp: 0.35 µV Frequency Stability: Receive at Rated Audio @ 13.8 V: 3.0 A (–30° to +60°C; 25°C Ref.): ±0.00025%
Transmit @ Rated Power: 13.0 A Selectivity: (per EIA Specifications)
78 Watt (Range 3 & 4)/110 W (Range 1 & 3): (Measured in the Analog Mode) Modulation Limiting: Standby @ 13.8 V: 0.8 A 25 kHz Channel Spacing: –75 dB 25 kHz Channel Spacing: ±5.0 kHz Receive at Rated Audio @ 13.8 V: 4.0 A 12.5 kHz Channel Spacing: –70 dB 12.5 kHz Channel Spacing: ±2.5 kHz Transmit @ Rated Power: 31.5 A
Dimensions (H x W x D) (Measured in the Analog Mode) (Measured in the Analog Mode): –45 dB W4, W5, and W7 Models: With Optional Preamp: –70 dB
Remote-Mount Control Head: 2.0" x 7.1"x 2.2" Without Optional Preamp: –75 dB Emission (Conducted and Radiated): –70 dB
(50.8 mm x 180.3 mm x 55.9 mm)
Dash-Mount Radio: 2.0" x 7.1"x 8.6" Spurious Rejection: Audio Sensitivity:
(50.8 mm x 180.3 mm x 218.4 mm) With Optional Preamp: –80 dB (For 60% Max. Deviation at 1 kHz): 0.08V ±3 dB
W9 Model: Without Optional Preamp: –83 dB
Remote-Mount Control Head: 3.4" x 6.5"x 1.7" Audio Response:
(86.4 mm x 165.1 mm x 43.2 mm) Frequency Stability: (Measured in the Analog Mode)
Speaker: (excluding mounting bracket) (–30° to +60°C; 25°C Reference): ±0.00025% (6 dB/Octave Pre-Emphasis 300 to 3000Hz):
(139.7 mm x 139.7 mm x 63.5 mm) Audio Output: (per EIA Specifications)
Weight: 5 Watts at Less Than 3% Distortion 8K10F1E, 11K0F3E, 15K0F2D, 16K0F3E, Mid-Power Radio: 6.1 lbs (2.8 kg) 10 Watts Optional with Reduced Duty Cycle 20K0F1E, 15K0F1D, 11K0F1D, and 11K0F2D High-Power Radio: 11.2 lbs (5.1 kg) 12 Watts for High-Power Radios
Speaker: 1.5 lbs (0.7 kg)
AZ492FT4787 Range 1: 403–433 MHz Range 1: 403–433 MHz
Range 2: 438–470 MHz Range 2: 438–470 MHz
Channel Spacing: 12.5 kHz or 25 kHz Rated Output Power:
Input Impedance: 50 Ohm Mid-Power Radio: 10–25 Watt Variable
20–40 Watt Variable
Intermodulation: (per EIA Specifications) FM Hum and Noise:
5.5" x 5.5"x 2.5" +1,–3 dB
(Measured in the Analog Mode): Emissions Designators:
All measurements are taken in the test mode at 25 kHz channel spacing except where indicated.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Specifications subject to change without notice.
* Maximum power 78 Watts above 470 MHz.
Page 37
Model Numbering, Charts, and Specifications xxxvii
800 MHz Radio Specifications
GENERAL RECEIVER TRANSMITTER
FCC Designations: AZ492FT5759 Frequency Range: 851–869 MHz Frequency Range:
Temperature Range:
Operating: –30°C to +60°C Input Impedance: 50 Ohm Rated Output Power: Storage: –40°C to +85°C Mid-Power Radio: 15 Watt
Power Supply: 12 Vdc Negative Ground Only
Battery Drain: (Maximum) 20 dB Quieting: (25 kHz Channel Spacing):
15 Watt: 0.50µV Output Impedance: 50 Ohm
Standby @ 13.8 V: 0.7 A 12 dB SINAD: (25 kHz Channel Spacing):
Receive at Rated Audio @ 13.8 V: 3.0 A 0.35µV Frequency Separation: 18 MHz Transmit @ Rated Power: 6.5 A
35 Watt: (30 W max. in Talk-Around mode) Digital Sensitivity: Frequency Stability: Standby @ 13.8 V: 0.7 A 1% BER (12.5 kHz channel): 0.30µV (–30° to +60°C; 25°C Ref.): ±0.00015% Receive at Rated Audio @ 13.8 V: 3.0 A
Transmit @ Rated Power: 14.0 A Modulation Limiting:
Dimensions (H x W x D) (Measured in the Analog Mode)
W4, W5, and W7 Models: 25 kHz Channel Spacing: –75 dB Modulation Fidelity (C4FM): Remote-Mount Control Head: 2.0" x 7.1"x 2.2" 12.5 kHz Digital Channel: ±2.8 kHz
(50.8 mm x 180.3 mm x 55.9 mm) Intermodulation: (per EIA Specifications)
Dash-Mount Radio: 2.0" x 7.1"x 8.6" (Measured in the Analog Mode): –75 dB FM Hum and Noise:
(50.8 mm x 180.3 mm x 218.4 mm) (Measured in the Analog Mode): –40 dB
W9 Model: Spurious Rejection: –90 dB
Remote-Mount Control Head: 3.4" x 6.5"x 1.7" Emission (Conducted and Radiated): –60 dBc
(86.4 mm x 165.1 mm x 43.2 mm) Frequency Stability:
Speaker: (excluding mounting bracket) (–30° to +60°C; 25°C Reference): ±0.00015% Audio Sensitivity:
(139.7 mm x 139.7 mm x 63.5 mm) Audio Output: (per EIA Specifications)
Weight: 5 Watts at Less Than 3% Distortion (Measured in the Analog Mode) Mid-Power Radio: 6.1 lbs (2.8 kg) 10 Watts Optional with Reduced Duty Cycle (6 dB/Octave Pre-Emphasis 300 to 3000Hz): High-Power Radio: 11.2 lbs (5.1 kg) 12 Watts for High-Power Radios +1,–3 dB Speaker: 1.5 lbs (0.7 kg)
AZ492FT5751 Repeater Mode: 806–824 MHz
Channel Spacing: 12.5 kHz/20 kHz/25 kHz Talk-Around Mode: 851–869 MHz
Frequency Separation: 18 MHz High-Power Radio: 35 Watt
Sensitivity: (per EIA spec. RS204C) Channel Spacing: 12.5 kHz/20 kHz/25 kHz
5% BER (12.5 kHz channel): 0.25µV
Selectivity: (per EIA Specifications) 25 kHz Channel Spacing: ±5.0 kHz
5.5" x 5.5"x 2.5" (For 60% Max. Deviation at 1 kHz): 0.08V ±3 dB
(Measured in the Analog Mode): Audio Response:
Emissions Designators:
8K10F1E, 15K0F1D, 10K0F2D, 11K0F3E,
15K0F2D, 10K0F1D, 16K0F3E, and 20K0F1E
All measurements are taken in the test mode at 25 kHz channel spacing except where indicated.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Specifications subject to change without notice.
Page 38
xxxviii
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 39
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 General
This manual includes all the information necessary to maintain peak product performance and maximum working time. This detailed level of service (component-level) is typical of some service centers, self-maintained customers, and distributors.
Use this manual in conjunction with the ASTRO Digital Spectra and Digital Spectra Plus Mobile Radios Basic Service Manual (Motorola part number 68P81076C20), which helps in troubleshooting a problem to a particular board.
Conduct the basic performance checks first to verify the need to analyze the radio and help pinpoint the functional problem area. In addition, you will become familiar with the radio test mode of operation which is a helpful tool. If any basic receiver or transmitter parameters fail to be met, the radio should be aligned using the radio alignment procedure described in the ASTRO Digital Spectra and Digital Spectra Plus Mobile Radios Basic Service Manual.
Included in other areas of this manual are functional block diagrams, detailed Theory of Operation, troubleshooting charts and waveforms, schematics, and parts list. You should be familiar with these sections to aid in deducing the problem circuit. Also included are component location diagrams to aid in locating individual circuit components, as well as IC diagrams, which identify some convenient probe points.
The Theory of Operation section of this manual contains detailed descriptions of operations of many circuits. Once you locate the problem area, review the Troubleshooting Chart for that circuit to fix the problem.
Page 40
1-2 Introduction: Notations Used in This Manual
1.2 Notations Used in This Manual
Throughout the text in this publication, you will notice the use of warnings, cautions, and notes. These notations are used to emphasize that safety hazards exist, and care must be taken and observed.
NOTE: An operational procedure, practice, or condition that is essential to emphasize.
CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous
!
situation which, if not avoided, may equipment damage.
result in
C a u t i o n
WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous
!
!
situation which, if not avoided, could death or injury.
result in
W A R N I N G
!
D A N G E R
You will also find in this publication the use of the asterisk symbol (*) to indicate a negative or NOT logic true signal.
DANGER indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will
result in death or injury.
June 28, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 41
Chapter 2 General Overview
2.1 Introduction
The ASTRO Digital Spectra radio is a dual-mode (trunked/conventional), microcontroller-based transceiver incorporating a Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The microcontroller handles the general radio control, monitors status, and processes commands input from the keypad or other user controls. The DSP processes the typical analog signals and generates the standard signaling digitally to provide compatibility with existing analog systems. In addition it provides for digital modulation techniques utilizing voice encoding techniques with error correction schemes to provide the user with enhanced range and audio quality all in a reduced bandwidth channel requirement. It allows embedded signaling which can mix system information and data with digital voice to add the capability of supporting a multitude of system features.
The ASTRO Digital Spectra radio comes in five models and are available in the following bands; VHF (136-174 MHz), UHF (403-470 MHz or 450-512 MHz), and 800 MHz (806-870 MHz).
The ASTRO Digital Spectra radio comprises seven major assemblies, six of which are in the main radio housing. They are:
• Control-Head Assembly (Dash- or Remote-Mount) — is connected, directly or remotely, to the front of the transceiver by the interconnect board or remote interconnect board and control cable. This assembly contains a vacuum fluorescent (VF) display, VF driver, microprocessor and serial bus interface.
• Power Amplifier (PA) — contains antenna switch, directional coupler/detector, and amplifier(s).
• Front-End Receiver Assembly — contains pre-amplifier, preselector, mixer, and injection filter.
• RF Board — contains receiver I-F amplifier, demodulator, synthesizer logic and filtering circuitry, and digital receiver back-end integrated circuit (IC).
• VCO/Buffer/Divider Board — contains voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), divider, receive and transmit buffers.
• Command Board — contains power control/regulator, digital-to-analog (D/A) IC, serial bus interface, and audio power amplifier (PA).
• VOCON (Vocoder/Controller) Board — contains the microcomputer unit (MCU), its associated memory and memory management integrated circuit, and the digital signal processor (DSP) and its associated memories and support IC.
• VOCON Plus (Vocoder/Controller) Board — the architecture is based on a Dual-Core processor, which contains a DSP Core, an MCORE 210 Microcontroller Core, and custom peripherals. The board also contains memory ICs and DSP support ICs.
Page 42
2-2 General Overview: Analog Mode of Operation
2.2 Analog Mode of Operation
When the radio is receiving, the signal comes from the antenna/antenna-switch on the power amplifier board to the front-end receiver assembly. The signal is then filtered, amplified, and mixed with the first local-oscillator signal generated by the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The resulting intermediate frequency (IF) signal is fed to the IF circuitry on the RF board, where it is again filtered and amplified. This amplified signal is passed to the digital back-end IC, where it is mixed with the second local oscillator to create the second IF at 450 kHz. The analog IF is processed by an analog­to-digital (A/D) converter, where it is converted to a digital bit stream and divided down to a baseband signal, producing digital samples. These samples are converted to current signals and sent to the DSP support IC. The digital-signal-processor-support IC digitally filters and discriminates the signal, and passes it to the digital-signal processor (DSP). The DSP decodes the information in the signal and identifies the appropriate destination for it. For a voice signal, the DSP will route the digital voice data to the DSP-support IC for conversion to an analog signal. The DSP-support IC will then present the signal to the audio power amplifier on the command board, which drives the speaker. For signalling information, the DSP will decode the message and pass it to the microcomputer.
When the radio is transmitting, microphone audio is passed to the command board limiter then to the DSP-support IC, where the signal is digitized. The DSP-support IC passes digital data to the DSP, where pre-emphasis and low-pass (splatter) filtering are done. The DSP returns this signal to the DSP-support IC, where it is reconverted into an analog signal and scaled for application to the voltage-controlled oscillator as a modulation signal. Transmitted signalling information is accepted by the DSP from the microcomputer, coded appropriately, and passed to the DSP-support IC, which handles it the same as a voice signal. Modulation information is passed to the synthesizer along the modulation line. A modulated carrier is provided to the power amplifier (PA) board, which transmits the signal under dynamic power control.
2.3 ASTRO Mode of Operation
In the ASTRO mode (digital mode) of operation, the transmitted or received signal is limited to a discrete set of deviation levels, instead of continuously varying. The receiver handles an ASTRO­mode signal identically to an analog-mode signal up to the point where the DSP decodes the received data. In the ASTRO receive mode, the DSP uses a specifically defined algorithm to recover information. In the ASTRO transmit mode, microphone audio is processed identically to an analog mode with the exception of the algorithm the DSP uses to encode the information. This algorithm will result in deviation levels that are limited to discrete levels.
2.4 Control Head Assembly
This section discusses the basic operation and components of each control head assembly.
2.4.1 Display (W3 Model)
The control head assembly for a W3 model has a two-line, 14-character liquid-crystal display (LCD) with eight Status annunciators.
2.4.2 Display (W4, W5, and W7 Models)
The control head assembly for W4, W5, and W7 models has an 8-character, alphanumeric, vacuum fluorescent display. The anodes and the grids operate at approximately 34 Vdc when on and 0 Vdc when off. The filament operates at approximately 2.4 Vac. The voltage for the display is generated by a fixed-frequency, variable duty-cycle controlled “flyback” voltage converter. The switching frequency is approximately 210 kHz. The internal microprocessor controls the voltage converter, which provides approximately 37 Vdc to the vacuum fluorescent (VF) driver and approximately 2.4 Vrms to the VF display.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 43
General Overview: Control Head Assembly 2-3
2.4.3 Display (W9 Model)
The control-head assembly for a W9 model has an 11-character, alphanumeric, vacuum fluorescent display. It needs three separate voltages to operate; the cathode needs 35 V to accelerate electrons to the anode; the grid needs 40 V to totally shut off current flow; the filament needs 3.8 Vac at 80mA. These voltages are obtained from the transformer on the display controller board.
2.4.4 Vacuum Fluorescent Display Driver
This Vacuum Fluorescent (VF) display driver receives ASCII data from the VOCON board, decodes it into display data, and then scans the display with the data. Once properly loaded into the display, data is refreshed without any further processor action. The display driver is periodically reset by the actions of transistors that watch the clock line from the microprocessor to the display driver. When the clock line is held low for more than 600 ms, the display driver resets and new display data follows.
2.4.5 Vacuum Fluorescent Voltage Source (W9 Model)
Voltage for the VF display is generated by a fixed frequency, variable-duty cycle driven, flyback voltage converter. An emitter-coupled stable multi vibrator runs at approximately 150 kHz. The square wave output from this circuit is integrated to form a triangle that is applied to the non-inverting input of half an integrated circuit (IC).
During start up, the inverting input is biased at 3.7 V. A transistor is on while the non-inverting input voltage is below 3.7 V. This allows current to flow in a transformer, building a magnetic field. When the triangle wave exceeds 3.7 V, the transistor turns off and the magnetic field collapses, inducing negative current in the transformer.
This current flow charges two capacitors. As the voltage on one of the capacitor increases beyond 35 V, a diode begins to conduct, pulling the integrated circuit’s inverting input below 3.7 V. This decreases the cycle time to produce the 35 V. The 41 V supply is not regulated, but it tracks the 35 V supply.
Similarly, the ac supply for VF filament is not regulated, but is controlled to within one volt by an inductor on the display board.
2.4.6 Controls and Indicators
The control-head assembly processes all the keypad (button) inputs and visual indicators through the microprocessor. Some of the buttons double as function keys for radio options. All buttons are backlit to allow operation in low-light conditions.
2.4.7 Status LEDs
These LEDs are driven by the display driver as though they were decimal points on the VF display. Level shifting transistors are required for this since the display driver uses 39 V for control signals.
2.4.8 Backlight LEDs
The microprocessor operates the backlight LEDs. A transistor supplies base current to the individual LED driver transistors. The driver transistors act as constant current sources to the LEDs. Some backlight LEDs are connected to a thermistor. This circuit allows more current to flow through these LEDs at room temperature and reduces current as the temperature rises.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 44
2-4 General Overview: Control Head Assembly
2.4.9 Vehicle Interface Ports
The Vehicle Interface Ports (VIPs) allow the control head to activate external circuits and receive inputs from the outside world. In general, VIP outputs are used for relay control and VIP inputs accept inputs from external switches. See the cable kit section for typical connections of VIP input switches and VIP output relays.
The VIP outputs are driven by logic within the control head for both the Dash and Remote Mount configuration. Field programming of the radio can define the functions of these pins. The output transistors that drive the VIP outputs can sink 300 mA of current. Primarily, they are used to control external relays. These relays should be connected between the respective VIP output pin and switched B+. Typical applications for VIP outputs are controlling the external horn/lights alarm and activating the horn-ring transfer relay function.
Remote Mount Configuration:
The VIP pins are located on the back of the control head below the area labeled “VIP”. For Remote Mount radios, all three VIP inputs and outputs are available at the rear of the control head. The VIP inputs are connected to ground with either normally-open or normally-closed switches.
Dash Mount Configuration:
For the Dash Mount configuration, only two VIP output pins are available and they are located at the 15-pin accessory connector. VIP input lines are not available in this configuration.
2.4.10 Power Supplies
The +5-V supply is a three-terminal regulator IC to regulate the 12 V SWB+ down for the digital logic hardware.
2.4.11 Ignition Sense Circuits
A transistor senses the vehicle ignition’s state, disabling the radio when the ignition is off. For negative-ground systems, the orange lead is typically connected to the fuse box (+12 V).
NOTE: Refer to the ASTRO Spectra and Digital Spectra FM Two-Way Mobile Radios Installation
Manual (68P81070C85) for more information on operating the radio independent of the
ignition switch.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 45
General Overview: Power Amplifier 2-5
2.5 Power Amplifier
The power amplifier (PA) is a multi-stage, discrete-transistor RF amplifier consisting of the following:
• Low-level power controlling stage
•Drivers
• Final amplifier
• Directional coupler
• Antenna switch
• Harmonic filter
2.5.1 Gain Stages
The first stage buffers the RF signal, filters harmonics, and acts as a variable amplifier. All of the amplifying stages are matched using transmission lines, capacitors, and inductors and are supplied with DC from either A+, keyed 9.4-V, or 9.6-V sources. Following the last gain stage, PIN diodes switch the signal flow either from the antenna to the receiver, or from the last gain stage to the antenna.
2.5.2 Power Control
A directional coupler and detector network controls power. It senses the forward power from the last gain stage and feeds the detected voltage back to the command board control circuitry where it is compared to a reference voltage set during power-set procedures. The DC feed voltage is corrected and supplied to the “controlled” stage of the power amplifier. Circuitry on the power amplifier board controls the gain of the first stage and is proportional to the DC control voltage.
2.5.3 Circuit Protection
Current and temperature sensing circuitry on the power amplifier board feed sensed voltages to the command board for comparison. If the command board suspects a fault condition, it overrides the power control function and cuts the power back to a level that is safe for the conditions. In addition, some high-power amplifier boards include circuitry that monitors the power supply line. If the battery voltage exceeds or drops below a pre-determined level, the power output of the amplifier is adjusted to ensure proper operation of the transmitter.
2.5.4 DC Interconnect
The ribbon cable connector carries sensed voltages for power and protection to the command board. It also carries A+ feed to the command board for distribution throughout the internal transceiver housing and carries control voltage from the command board to the power amplifier board.
The rear battery connector carries A+ from the battery to the power amplifier board. The red lead goes directly to the A+ terminal on the PA board. The black lead from the battery connector ties to the chassis, and connection to the power amplifier board is made through the board mounting screws.
A+ ground connection for the internal transceiver housing is through the RF coax ground connectors and through the mechanical connection of the power amplifier heatsink to the rest of the radio. During test conditions in which the power amplifier assembly (board and heatsink) is physically disconnected from the rest of the radio, it is acceptable to rely on the coax cable connections to carry ground to the internal housing.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 46
2-6 General Overview: Front-End Receiver Assembly
2.6 Front-End Receiver Assembly
The receiver front-end consists of a preselector, a mixer circuit, and an injection filter. The receiver injection (1st local oscillator) comes from the VCO assembly through a coax cable. The injection filter is either fixed-tuned or tuned at the factory depending upon the bandsplit. The output of the filter is connected to the mixer.
The preselector is a fixed-tuned filter. The receiver signal is fed to the preselector from the antenna switch in the PA for the 800 MHz and UHF radios, or the preamp output for VHF. The signal is then sent to the mixer integrated circuit where it is connected to the mixer transistor. The receiver injection is also fed to this point. The mixer output is at the 1st IF center frequency of 109.65 MHz. This signal is sent to the 1st IF amplifier stage on the RF board through a coaxial cable.
2.7 RF Board Basic
The RF board contains the common synthesizer circuits, dual IF receiver and demodulation circuits. A 4-pole crystal filter at 109.65 MHz provides first IF selectivity. (For HRN6014D, HRN6020C, HRN6019C, HRN4009D, HRN4010C and later RF board kits, two 2-pole crystal filters provide first IF selectivity at 109.65 MHz.) The output of the filter circuit is fed directly to the custom digital back-end circuit module. An amplification circuit at 109.65 MHz, the second mixer, the second IF amplifiers (at 450 kHz), the IF digital-to-analog converter, and the baseband down-converter comprise the digital back-end circuit module.
Synthesizing for the first and second VCO is performed by the prescaler and synthesizer ICs. These ICs are programmed through a serial data bus from signals generated on the VOCON board. A DC voltage generated on the command board, sets the synthesizer’s reference oscillator frequency of
16.8 MHz. This voltage is controlled by the digital-to-analog converter (D/A), and is the only element of the RF board requiring alignment.
The second local oscillator runs at 109.2 MHz (low-side injection), or 110.1 MHz (high-side injection) and consists of a VCO which is frequency-locked to the reference oscillator. Part of the local oscillator’s circuitry is in the prescaler IC.
A clamp and rectifier circuit on the RF board generates a negative DC voltage of -4 V (nominal) for increasing the total voltage available to the first VCO and second local oscillator’s VCO. The circuit receives a 300 kHz square wave output from the prescaler IC, then clamps, rectifies, and filters the signal for use as the negative steering line for the two VCOs.
2.8 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
This section discusses the voltage-controlled oscillator components and basic operation for each band.
2.8.1 VHF Radios
The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) assembly utilizes a common-gate Field Effect Transistor (FET) in a Colpitts configuration as the gain device. The LC tank circuit’s capacitive portion consists of a varactor bank and a laser-trimmed stub capacitor. The inductive portion consists of microstrip transmission line resonators. The stub capacitor serves to tune out build variations. Tuning is performed at the factory and is not field adjustable. The varactor network changes the oscillator frequency when the DC voltage of the steering line changes. The microstrip transmission lines are shifted in and out of the tank by PIN diodes for coarse frequency jumps. A third varactor is used in a modulation circuit to modulate the oscillator during transmit.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 47
General Overview: Command Board 2-7
The VCO output is coupled to a transistor for amplification and for impedance buffering. The output of this stage passes through a low-pass filter where the signal is split into three paths. One path feeds back to the synthesizer prescaler; the other two provide injection for the RX and TX amplification strings. The receive injection signal is further amplified and passed to the RX front-end injection filter. The transmit signal goes to an analog divider, which divides the signal by two. The signal is amplified and buffered and then injected into the transmitter’s low-level amplifier.
All transmit circuitry operates from keyed 9.4 V to conserve current drain while the radio is receiving. A transistor/resistor network drives the PIN diodes in the VCO tank. These driver networks provide forward bias current to turn diodes on and reverse the bias voltage to turn the diodes off. AUX 1 AND AUX 2 lines control the PIN diode driver networks.
2.8.2 UHF and 800 MHz Radios
The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) assembly generates variable frequency output signals controlled by the two steering lines. The negative steering line increases the tuning range of the VCO, while the positive steering line affects the synthesizer control loop to incrementally change the frequency.
The VCO generates a signal in the required frequency range. For UHF and 800 MHz radios, this signal is fed to the doubler/buffer circuit which, in turn, doubles the VCO output frequency and amplifies it to the power level required by the TX buffer and RX mixer. A PIN diode switch routes the signal to the TX port when the keyed 9.4 V is high. Otherwise, the signal is routed to the RX port. The synthesizer feedback is provided from the output of the doubler stage.
2.9 Command Board
The serial input/output IC provides command board functions including buffers for PTT, channel active, squelch mute, busy, and data transmission, and logic functions for switched B+, emergency, reset, and power control.
The regulator and power control circuits include an unswitched +5 V discrete circuit and the regulator/power control IC, which produces both switched +5 V and 9.6 V. The unswitched +5 V source is used as a reference for its switched +5 V source. Filtered unswitched +5 V is used for the microcontrol circuits. Switched +5 V and 9.6 V are controlled by a digital transistor from the serial input/output IC.The power control circuitry receives power set and limit inputs from the digital-to­analog IC, and feedback from the RF power amplifier. Based on those inputs, the power control circuitry produces a control voltage to maintain a constant RF power level to the antenna.
The reset circuits consist of the power-on reset, high/low battery voltage reset, and the external bus system reset. The reset circuits allow the microcomputer to recover from an unstable situation; for example, no battery on the radio, battery voltage too high or too low, and remote devices on the external bus not communicating. Communication in RS-232 protocol is provided by an IC which interfaces to the rear accessory connector (J2).
2.10 ASTRO Spectra Vocoder/Controller Board
The Vocoder/Controller (VOCON) board, located on the top side of the radio housing, contains a microcontrol unit (MCU) with its flash memory, DSP, and DSP support ICs. The VOCON board controls receive/transmit frequencies, the display, and various radio functions, using either direct logic control or serial communication to external devices. The connector J801 provides interface between the encryption module and the VOCON board for encrypting voice messages.
The VOCON board executes a stored program located in the FLASH ROM. Data is transferred to and from memory by the microcontrol unit data bus. The memory location from which data is read, or to which data is written, is selected by the address lines.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 48
2-8 General Overview: Radio Power
The support-logic IC acts as an extension of the microcontrol unit by providing logic functions such as lower address latch, reset, memory address decoding, and additional control lines for the radio. The VOCON board controls a crystal-pull circuit to adjust the crystal oscillator frequency on the microcontrol unit, so that the E-clock harmonics do not cause interference with the receive channel.
The vocoder circuitry on the VOCON board is powered by a switched +5-V regulator located on the command board. This voltage is removed from the board when the radio is turned off by the control head switch.
The DSP (digital-signal processing) IC performs signaling, voice encoding/decoding, audio filtering, and volume control functions. This IC performs Private-Line/Digital Private Line (PL/DPL) encode and alert-tone generation. The DSP IC transmits pre-emphasized analog signals and applies a low­pass (splatter) filter to all transmitted signals. It requires a 33 MHz crystal to function. An 8 kHz interrupt signal generated by the DSP-support IC is also required for functionality. This device is programmed using parallel programming from the microcontrol unit and the DSP-support IC.
The DSP-support IC performs analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversions on audio signals. It contains attenuators for volume, squelch, deviation, and compensation, and it executes receiver filtering and discrimination. The IC requires a 2.4 MHz clock to function (generated by the digital back-end IC) and is programmed by the microcontrol unit’s Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus.
2.11 Radio Power
This section provides information on DC power distribution in ASTRO radios.
2.11.1 General
In the ASTRO radio, power is distributed to seven boards: command, VOCON, control head, synthesizer, receiver front end, RF, and RF power amplifier.
Power for the radio is supplied by the vehicle’s 12-V battery. When using a desktop adapter unit, an external DC power supply can be connected to replace the vehicle’s battery source.
A+ (referred to as incoming unswitched battery voltage) enters the radio through the rear RF power amplifier connector (P1) and is the main entry for DC power. The second path, through P2, pin 5, provides ignition sense to inhibit the RF transmitter when the ignition switch is off.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 49
General Overview: Radio Power 2-9
When the command board regulators are “on,” the 9.6-V output sources the command board and RF board circuits. The switched +5 V is routed to the VOCON board. See Figure 2-1.
On/Off
5W
Control
Head
VOCON
Board
A+
SWB+
Command Board
9.6V
SW
+5V
UNSW
+5V
SW
9.4V
9.6V
Synth
RF
Board
A+9.6V
9.6V
RF
Power Amp
Keyed
9.4V
RF
Filter
A+
P1
IGN
J2-5
Battery
12V
Figure 2-1. DC Voltage Routing Block Diagram
The 9.6 V and the A+ voltage are the main DC power for the RF board. Outputs from the RF board provide DC power to the synthesizer and the receiver front-end filter. The RF board has an internal +5-Vdc regulator that is sourced from the A+ voltage.
The voltage to power the 9.4-V regulator is produced by the command board’s 9.6-V regulator. The
9.4 V (referred to as “keyed 9.4 V”) is controlled by the VOCON board through P501, pin 45. This DC voltage enables the transmitter’s RF power amplifier when the VOCON board senses a lock detect from the synthesizer.
2.11.2 B+ Routing for ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board
Refer to Section 3.4, "ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board," on page 3-38 for information on the ASTRO Spectra Plus.
See Figure 2-2 and your specific schematic diagram.
The A+ power for the radio is derived from the 12-V battery, which is applied to the command board through connector P503, pins 5 and 9. This A+ voltage is routed through the command board to the control head connector, P502, pin 30 and to the VOCON board, J501, pin 38.
The interconnect board couples the A+ voltage from the command board to the control head, where a power FET (Q51) provides the means of controlling the main power source (SWB+) by the on/off switch. SWB+ is routed back to the SIO/IC (U522) on the command board through connector P502. The SIO/ICcontrols the RPCIC enable line.
When the RPCIC enable line toggles low, the 9.6-V and the SW+5-V regulators turn on. The SW+5­V regulator is the main power source for the VOCON board. Digital and analog +5 V are derived by
filtering SW+5 V through .005 µH chokes L511 and L510 on the command board. These two 5-V
regulated supplies are used to partition the digital logic circuitry from the analog circuitry.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 50
2-10 General Overview: Radio Power
Transistor Q206 controls solid-state power switch Q207, providing SWB+ to the encryption module (if equipped). The "SWB+" and "UNSWB+" encryption voltages both originate from pin 38 of J501 and are fed to the encryption module via J801.
Port PL3 (5-V EN) on the SLIC and Q207 are under the control of the microcontroller unit (MCU), U204. This allows the MCU to follow an orderly power-down sequence when it senses that the B+ sense is off. This sense is provided via resistor network R222 and R223, which provides an input to the A/D port to the MCU.
It should also be noted that a system reset is provided by the undervoltage detector, U407. This device brings the system out of reset on power-up, and provides a system reset to the microcomputer on power-down.
J801
8Kx24 SRAM
U402
8Kx24 SRAM
U403
8Kx24 SRAM
U414
256Kx8
FLASH
U205
256Kx8
FLASH
U210
DSP56001
U405
256Kx8
FLASH
U404
SRAM
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
U202
EEPROM
U201
HC11F1
MCU U204
ADSIC
U406
5V Digital
SLIC IV
U206
5V Analog
B+_CNTL
5V EN
Vocoder/Controller
SW B+
Switch
Q207
B+_Sense
B+_
Sense
J501
UNSW_B+
Figure 2-2. ASTRO Spectra B+ Routing for Vocoder/Controller (VOCON) Board
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
MAEPF-25104-O
Page 51
Chapter 3 Theory of Operation
3.1 RF Board
This section provides a detailed circuit description of the ASTRO RF board for VHF, UHF and 800 MHz models. This board contains the common synthesizer circuits (synthesizer section) and dual IF receiver and demodulation circuits (receiver back-end). When reading the theory of operation, refer to your appropriate schematic and component location diagrams located in “Chapter
7. Schematics, Component Location Diagrams, and Parts Lists”. This detailed Theory of Operation
will help isolate the problem. However, first use the ASTRO Digital Spectra and Digital Spectra Plus Mobile Radios Basic Service Manual (68P81076C20) to troubleshoot the problem to a particular board.
3.1.1 General
The synthesizer section includes the prescaler IC (U601), the synthesizer IC (U602), and the reference oscillator (U600). The prescaler and the synthesizer chips are completely controlled by the serial data bus.
The prescaler IC (see Figure 3-1) provides the following:
• Multi-dual modulus prescaler
•5-V regulator
• Super filter 8.6-V regulator
• Fixed divide-by-8 circuit for the reference oscillator
• Programmable divide-by-N and charge pump phase detector to support the second injection VCO
The synthesizer IC (see Figure 3-2) provides:
• Reference divider
• Phase modulator
• Dual-bandwidth adaptive filter
• Ramp generator
• Sample-and-hold phase detector
• Programmable loop divider
• Auxiliary output bits for system control
Page 52
3-2 Theory of Operation: RF Board
NC NC PREINPRE
PNP BASE
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
5V OUT
GND
S.F. VIN
S.F. BASE
S.F. OUT
S.F. CAP
S.F. GND
NC
DATA OUT
NC
8 OUT
REG
REF
5V
S U P E R
F I L T E R
8 BIAS
B+
IN
8
AUX PNP
BASE
AUX
5V
REG
2ND L.O. CHARGE - PUMP
8
8
IN
VREF
VREF
AUX
5V
OUT
PRESCALER
PHASE DETECTOR
2ND L.O.
2ND L.O. VCO (NOT USED)
VCO VCC
U601
MOSAIC
VCO BIAS
MULTI - MODULUS
PRESCALER
N
VCO GND
4344123456
BC1 BC2 MOD
300KHz
VCO
VCO
BYP.
TANK
404142
PRE
CONT
OUT
LATCH
u P
I N T E R F A C E
DATA S R L
CLOCK
0 DET REF IN
0 DET OUT
N OUT
VCO
NC
OUT
2827262524232221201918
MAEPF-25181-O
VCC
GND
CE
NC
39
BS
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
FILT
S1
S2
EN3
ENR
CLOCK
DATA
SEL
DIG GND
NC
REF IN
BUF REF
Figure 3-1. Prescaler IC Block Diagram
4344123456
AF2
GB
AF6
TX FIL
ADAPTIVE FILTER
(300KHz)
uP
INTERFACE
REF
DIV
FR
TEST
AF1
IN
FIL IN
STEER (LOCK)
AF5
OUT
RX FIL
SYNTHESIZER
RAMP CONTROL
STEERING, &
SAMPLE LOGIC
DIVIDER
PRESCALER
CONTROL
DATA
SYNC
AF3
OUT
TX FIL
STEER
U602
CMOS
PHASE
MODULATOR
3
/
LOOP
&
AUX1
AF4
CAP
LING
MAIN
3/
AUX CONTROL
BIT LATCHES
AUX2
AUX3
FILT
MOD
GB
CNT
BUF
OUT
BUF
PNP
OUTPUT BUFFER
SAMPLE & HOLD
RAMP GENERATOR
+1
RAMP
BUF
0 MOD IN
AOS
FIN
404142
LIN
GND
BASE
LIN VDD
RAMP
RAMP
RAMP PNP
BASE
RAMP
CAP
RAMP GB
0 MOD
RAMP
2827262524232221201918
LIN
GND
BUF
BIAS
VDD
RES
GB
DIG
VDD
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
MAEPF-25182-O
Figure 3-2. Synthesizer IC Block Diagram
Page 53
Theory of Operation: RF Board 3-3
The reference oscillator generates the 16.8 MHz signal that serves as the reference for all radio frequency accuracy. It uses a proprietary temperature compensation circuit to keep the radio within its specified frequency tolerance.
The receiver back-end uses the ABACUS II IC (U301) to demodulate all the way to baseband, starting from the first IF.
3.1.2 Synthesizer
This section discusses the synthesizer components and detailed theory of operation.
3.1.2.1 Reference Frequency Generation
The reference oscillator (U600) generates a 16.8 MHz reference signal that is tuned onto frequency via a DC-fed varactor input. The digital/analog IC (U502), which is on the command board and is under the control of the serial data bus, generates the DC voltage to the varactor. The reference signal from U600-3 is capacitively coupled into the prescaler (U601-21), where it is divided by 8. The resulting 2.1 MHz signal is routed to the synthesizer IC (U602).
The 2.1 MHz signal is divided by 7, with the result, a 300 kHz signal, serving the following purposes:
• Input to the prescaler IC for second VCO reference
• A source for the negative voltage generator
• Input to the programmable reference divider
3.1.2.2 First VCO Frequency Generation
For reasons of clarity and simplicity, 800 MHz is used as the example product in all synthesizer text. In the 800 MHz models, the feedback is taken before the doubler circuit of the VCO. Band-to-band and kit-to-kit variations are noted in the text as required.
The first VCO in ASTRO radios is a thick-film hybrid transmission line resonator. Its frequency is controlled by a DC-fed varactor bank.
A transmission line feedback path from J601-1 to C604 couples the output frequency back to the prescaler. The signal from the prescaler output (U601, pin 40) is routed to the synthesizer input (U602, pin 27), where it is divided by the A&B counters of the loop divider. The loop equations required for calculating the counter values are as follows:
NOTE: These are examples — the prescaler modulus and the reference frequency are
programmable and vary from band-to-band. The examples that follow are for 800 MHz and assume: P / P + 1= 255 / 256 and F
EQUATION: N = F
EXAMPLE: N = (F
vco
/ F
r
vco
EQUATION: A = (fractional remainder of N / P) (P)
EXAMPLE: A = N / P = (72,000 / 255) = 252.8627; .8627 x 255 or A = 220
EQUATlON: B = [N - {A x (P + 1)}] / P
= 6.25 kHz. For UHF and VHF, P / P + 1= 127 / 128 and Fr = 5 kHz.
r
/ Fr) = (403 MHz / 6.25 kHz) or N = 64,480
EXAMPLE: B = [64,480 - {220 x (255+1)}] / 255 or B = 32
Plug in the calculated numbers to test the value of N with the following equation:
EQUATION: N = B (P) + A (P + 1)
EXAMPLE: N = (32) (255) + (220) (256) or N = 64,480
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 54
3-4 Theory of Operation: RF Board
The synthesizer generates a modulus control output which instructs the prescaler to divide by either P or P + 1 (that is, 255 or 256). When modulus control is low, the prescaler is dividing by P + l (256) and the A counter is running; when modulus control is high, the prescaler is dividing by P (255) and the B counter is running. One complete cycle of loop division is repeated for each reference period.
Assume that the VCO is operating correctly at 403 MHz, and the reference frequency is 6.25 kHz. The prescaler and loop divider work in tandem to divide the VCO frequency down to the reference frequency. The waveforms in Figure 3-3 depict what happens in a locked system. Notice in the waveforms that the leading edge of F
goes high to turn on the constant current source Q607. The
r
ramp capacitor (C634) begins to charge through Q607 and R627, charging at a constant rate, while the prescaler and loop divider are dividing the VCO frequency by N (64,480 in the example). At this point, the loop divider generates a loop pulse (F
FR
FV
SAMPLE AND HOLD
RAMP DISCHARGE
) which turns off the current source.
v
REFERENCE FREQUENCY
LOOP DIVIDER
RAMP CAPACITOR
Figure 3-3. Loop Divider Waveforms
The voltage that was on C634 is sampled and held by the phase detector. This voltage is amplified approximately 1.8 times and applied to the VCO varactors via the adaptive loop filter and the steering line. This event is repeated at the reference rate so that frequency errors will always be corrected.
NOTE: In VHF receive mode, for frequencies divisible only by 2.5 kHz (for example, 146.0025 MHz),
capacitor C670 will be switched in parallel with C634 by Q670. The reference frequency will be 2.5 kHz instead of 5.0 kHz or 6.25 kHz. In transmit mode, the 2.5 kHz reference is not used.
Assume that the VCO frequency tends to drift low. If this happens, the loop pulse will occur at some later time. The current source still begins at the rising edge of F leading edge of F
has been time delayed. Thus, C634 charges to a higher value and the steering
v
line drives the VCO to a higher frequency. The opposite case also applies.
3.1.2.3 Programmable Reference Divider
The reference frequency for 800 MHz is 6.25 kHz; for VHF and UHF, the typical reference frequency is 5.0 kHz. In VHF radios, the reference frequency is 2.5 kHz for receive frequencies not evenly divisible by 5.0 kHz or 6.25 kHz.
MAEPF-25183-O
but it stays on longer because the
r
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 55
Theory of Operation: RF Board 3-5
3.1.2.4 Phase Modulator
ASTRO radios use a dual-port modulation scheme. The nature of the synthesizer loop is to track out low-frequency errors. In order to enable low-frequency modulation, such as DPL, the reference signal is modulated with the same signal as the VCO. Effectively, this prevents the low-frequency error in the loop (DPL) from tracking out because the same error is on the reference signal. The net effect is that the leading edge of the reference pulse is time-varying at the same rate as the loop pulse; therefore, there is no phase error between the two signals and low-frequency modulation is allowed to pass.
The phase modulation comparator has two inputs: U602, pins 28 and 29. R625 and C630 form an exponential ramp into the plus side of the comparator on U602, pin 29. This ramp is tickled at the reference rate. R626 and C631 form an integrator through which modulation is applied to the minus side of the comparator. The comparator trips when the ramp voltage reaches the voltage on U602, pin 28. The output of the comparator is the time-shifted leading edge of F
.
r
3.1.2.5 Loop Filter
ASTRO radios use a switchable, dual-bandwidth loop filter. They also use adaptive filter switching to achieve fast lock. The output of the phase detector is routed to an external device (Q608), the output of which is routed back into the IC for proper filter path selection.
In normal operation, the high drive buffer output is routed through the appropriate transmission gates into the selected filter. A simplified schematic is shown in Figure 3-4.
R615
IN
R613 C625
NARROW BAND WIDE BAND
The loop filters greatly minimize voltage transients that contribute to system hum and noise but, due to their lowpass nature, it takes considerable time to change the average charge in the filters. Therefore, the adapt scheme was implemented. When the radio is changing frequency, the loop goes into the adapt mode. Selected transmission gates in the IC effectively place a short across the resistors in the filter (eliminating associated RC time constants) and quickly charge the loop filter capacitors to the correct steering line voltage for the new frequency. At the end of the adapt sequence, the appropriate filter is reconnected via internal transmission gates.
3.1.2.6 Auxiliary Control Bits
The auxiliary control bits are system control outputs whose states are controlled by the microprocessor via the serial data bus. AUX 1 and AUX 2 are sent to the first VCO to control pin shift states. AUX 3 controls the state of the negative steering line.
OUT
C623
R616 R617
IN OUT
C626 C654 C625 R614
Figure 3-4. Loop Filter Schematic
C623
MAEPF-25184-O
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 56
3-6 Theory of Operation: RF Board
3.1.2.7 Second VCO
The second VCO is a grounded-gate, FET Colpitts oscillator. The resonator consists of a fixed inductor and a varactor. A potentiometer, R634, adjusts the negative voltage to the varactor. This adjustment is performed at board test to bring the phase detector output to the center of its linear region; that is approximately 2.25 V. (For HRN6014D, HRN6020C, HRN6019C, HRN4009D, HRN4010C and later RF board kits, a voltage divider consisting of R633 and R635 brings the phase voltage detector output to the center of its linear region (2.25 V), eliminating the adjustment at board test.) The negative voltage is filtered by R611 and C612. The oscillator output is coupled into the IF IC (U301) as a second injection source. It is also fed back to the prescaler (U601, pin 26) for phase locking.
The prescaler contains a programmable, single modulus, divide-by-N circuit, and a charge pump phase detector. The reference frequency (F injection oscillator runs at 109.2 MHz and is divided by 364 inside the IC. The phase detector in the chip compares the divided signal to F maintain frequency control.
The phase detector output is routed to the varactor via decoupling choke L604. A divide-by-N test point is also provided from U601, pin 29.
) is 300 kHz and comes in on U601, pin 31. The low-side
r
and either sources or sinks current, as necessary, in order to
r
3.1.2.8 Power Distribution
The command board provides all power to the synthesizer in the form of 9.6 Vdc. The prescaler has onboard voltage regulators for 5 V and super filter 8.6 V. The 5-V regulator drives the external series pass device Q602; the super filter’s pass device is Q603.
3.1.3 Receiver Back-End
This section discusses the receiver back-end components and detailed theory of operation.
3.1.3.1 First IF
The 109.65 MHz IF signal reaches the RF board via a connector J350. Transistor Q350 amplifies the signal approximately 9dB and supplies the proper impedance for crystal filter Y350. (For HRN6014D, HRN6020C, HRN6019C, HRN4009D, HRN4010C and later RF board kits, amplification circuitry consisting of transistors Q350 and Q354 amplifies the signal approximately 9dB and supplies the proper impedance for crystal filters FL350 and FL351.)
Transistor Q351 supplies filtered A+ for powering Q350 and the receiver front-end. Transistor Q352 switches the filtered A+ supply by reducing the base current from Q351.
NOTE: Since there is 12.5 Vdc on J350, it is important to use a DC block when connecting J350 to
an external source.
Y350 is a 4-pole crystal filter, consisting of two independent 2-pole crystal filters contained in a single package. The filter package has a polarization mark located on the top to ensure proper installation.
Y350 supplies the 109.65 MHz IF selectivity and its output passes through a matching network and then goes to ABACUS II IC (U301) pin 30.
(For HRN6014D, HRN6020C, HRN6019C, HRN4009D, HRN4010C and later RF board kits, FL350 and FL351 are 2-pole crystal filters which supply the 109.65 IF selectivity. The output passes through a matching network and goes to the ABACUS II IC (U301), pin 30.)
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 57
Theory of Operation: RF Board 3-7
3.1.3.2 ABACUS II IC
Once in the ABACUS II IC (U301), the first IF frequency is amplified and then down converted to 450 kHz, the second IF frequency. At this point, the analog signal is converted into two digital bit streams by a sigma-delta A/D converter. The bit streams are then digitally filtered and mixed down to baseband and filtered again. The differential output data stream is then sent to the VOCON board where it is decoded to produce the recovered audio.
The ABACUS II IC is electronically programmable, and the amount of filtering, which is dependent on the radio channel spacing and signal type, is controlled by the microcomputer. Additional filtering, which used to be provided externally by a conventional ceramic filter, is replaced by internal digital filters in the ABACUS II IC.
The ABACUS II IC contains a feedback AGC circuit to expand the dynamic range of the sigma-delta converter. The differential output data contains the quadrature (I and Q) information in 16-bit words, the AGC information in a 9-bit word, imbedded word sync information and fill bits dependent on sampling speed. A fractional-n synthesizer is also incorporated in the ABACUS II IC for the 2nd LO generation.
The second LO/VCO is a Colpitts oscillator (see Section 3.1.2.7, "Second VCO," on page 3-6). Its output feeds into the ABACUS II IC on pin 35, providing injection to the second mixer for converting the IF frequency to 450 kHz.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 58
3-8 Theory of Operation: Command Board
3.2 Command Board
This section of the theory of operation provides a detailed circuit description of the ASTRO Digital Spectra Command Board. When reading the Theory of Operation, refer to your appropriate schematic and component location diagrams located in “Chapter 7. Schematics, Component
Location Diagrams, and Parts Lists”. This detailed Theory of Operation will help isolate the problem
to a particular component. However, first use the ASTRO Digital Spectra and Digital Spectra Plus Mobile Radios Basic Service Manual to troubleshoot the problem to a particular board.
The command board includes the following integrated circuits:
• U401, U402 — Differential Amplifiers
• U450 — Audio Amplifier
• U500 — Regulator/Power Control IC (RPCIC)
• U501 — 555 Timer
• U502 — D/A Converter
• U503 — Precision Voltage Regulator
• U522 — Serial Input/Output IC (SIOIC)
• U523, U524 — Analog Switch
• U526 — RS232 Level Shifter
• U530 — 8-Bit Shift Register
3.2.1 Microcontroller and Support ICs
The microcontroller and support ICs are located on the VOCON board, and are interconnected to the command board via connector P501. The control lines linking the boards are either drivers or receivers, depending upon their application. The VOCON board is responsible for decoding or encoding ASTRO and analog data, and producing receive audio and transmit deviation.
3.2.2 Serial Input/Output IC
The serial input/output IC (SIOIC), U522, is a special-function logic/linear integrated circuit. In the ASTRO mobile application, the device provides power-on reset, power control, and bipolar driver/ receivers for serial communication. The SIOIC supports the following functions:
1. A buffer for push-to-talk (PTT) to SLIC (U522, pins 37 and 38). Normally a contact closure for PTT is detected by the control head, which sends a command to the VOCON board via the external serial bus protocol. However, some applications require direct PTT control. To generate PTT via the buffer inverter (pin 37), a contact closure to ground at J502, pin 24, or from the accessory connector P503, pin 17, will generate a logic high to the SLIC device (U206, port PH6) on the VOCON board.
2. A buffer for the Busy signal from the VOCON board to the external bus (Busy Out) and the return path back to the VOCON board (Busy RTS). This function is described in Section
3.2.6, "Serial Communications on the External Bus," on page 3-11.
3. A buffer for Data Transmission from the VOCON board to the External Bus and a received data return to the VOCON board. This function is described in Section 3.2.6, "Serial
Communications on the External Bus," on page 3-11.
4. Inputs to sense Switched B+ or Emergency enabling the Power Regulators and provide the switched +5-V regulated supply. This function is described in Section 3.2.3, "Power-Up/-
Down Sequence," on page 3-9.
5. Power-on reset (POR*) circuits provide reset to the Host processor (U204). This function is described in Section 3.2.5, "Reset Circuits," on page 3-10.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 59
Theory of Operation: Command Board 3-9
3.2.3 Power-Up/-Down Sequence
Normally, switched B+ (SWB+) enters the command board from P502, pin 31. This voltage is derived from the battery A+ voltage which enters the control head through P502, pin 30. A power FET transistor, located in the control head (W5 and W7 models), provides the means of controlling the main power source via the control head’s on/off switch.
When SWB+ or EMERG become active, the RPCIC EN output (U522, pin 15) goes to a logic low, enabling the Switched +5-V and +9.6-V regulators of the RPCIC (U500). Approximately 220 ms after the B+ is active (see Waveform W1), the power-on-reset (POR*) from U522, pin 40 switches to a logic 1 state, enabling the microprocessor on the VOCON board. The microprocessor then completes an initialization sequence and sets Row 5/5-V enable input to a logic low at P501, pin 15. The input provides a low to the SIOIC to hold the 9.6-V enable on. Therefore, if SWB+ or EMERG go inactive, the regulators will remain enabled until the microcontroller turns them off by returning the
9.6/5-V EN state to a logic high. (This is especially true with emergency, since the foot switch is usually momentary.)
The emergency input is provided to enable the radio transceiver to be activated, regardless of the state of the control head’s on/off power switch. The emergency input (EMERG) is activated by opening the normally grounded foot switch connected to either P502, pin3 or P503, pin 24. This input is routed to the SIOIC (U522, pin 31) and is internally connected to a pull-up resistor within the IC to provide the logic 1 state change.
This change is inverted through an exclusive OR gate within the IC, outputting a logic 0 at pin 30 and the NOR gate input (internal to the IC) to enable the 9.6-V regulator. The logic low at pin 30 is connected to a time-out timer, which latches the 9.6-V enable output for 100 ms. This delay is required to allow the VOCON microprocessor to initiate its start-up vectors and poll the emergency interrupt input from P501, pin 16. The microprocessor takes control of the 9.6 V (P501, pin 15), holding it active low regardless of the states of other inputs.
The emergency active state depends on the emergency polarity (EMERG POL) input to the SIOIC (U522, pin 32). When the jumper JU502 is installed, emergency is active with the foot switch open. Removing JU502 causes the emergency to go active with the switch closed.
To turn off the radio, SWB+ is taken inactive (- Vdc) by pressing the on/off switch on the control head. The microcontroller periodically audits the SWB+ at its input port (pin 20) to determine if it has returned to a logic high. When it sees the logic high condition (caused by an inactive switch), the microcontroller initiates the power-down sequence, turning the voltage regulators and the radio off.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 60
3-10 Theory of Operation: Command Board
3.2.4 Regulators
The regulator circuits include an unswitched +5 V (UNSW5V) discrete circuit, and the regulator/ power-control IC (RPCIC) that produces switched +5 V (U500, pin 14) and 9.6 V (U500, pin 17). The UNSW+5-V source is used by the RPCIC as a reference (U500, pin 20) for its switched + 5-V source. This regulated voltage is produced from the A+ voltage and is present when the battery is connected. The regulators within the RPCIC are controlled by the input to pin 24 via a digital transistor, Q538. This device is controlled from an output (9.6/5-V enable) of the SIOIC (U522, pin
15).
The various voltages used by the ICs on the command board are shown in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1. Integrated Circuits Voltages
Integrated Circuit UNSW5V SW +5V SW +9.6V
Serial Input/ Output (SIOIC)
Regulator/ Power Control (RPCIC)
Digital/ Analog IC (DAIC)
Analog Switch
RS232 Driver (IC)
555 Timer (IC)
8-Bit Shift Register
Differential Amplifiers
3.2.5 Reset Circuits
The reset circuits consist of the power-on reset (POR), high-/low- battery voltage reset, and the external bus system reset. The reset circuits allow the microcontroller to recover from an unstable condition, such as no battery on the radio, battery voltage too high or too low, and remote devices on the external bus not communicating.
When the battery (A+) is first applied to the radio, the unregulated voltage source powers the unswitched +5-V regulator and the SIOIC internal regulator. The voltage is also sent to the control head, where it is switched on/off by a series FET transistor. The transistor returns the voltage to the command board, via connector P502-31, as switched B+. The switched B+ voltage is sensed by the SIOIC on pin 28, and changes the state of the 9.6-V enable output gate (RPCIC_EN*) to an active “low.” The low state turns on the 9.6-V regulator (U500-24), and its regulated output is fed back to the input of the voltage comparator on the SIOIC (U522-14). The comparator output switches to a logic low upon exceeding the 5.6-V threshold (see Figure 3-5).
U522-6, -24 U522-3, -12 U522-14
U500-20 U500-14 U500-17
U502-1, -28
U523-16, U524-14
U526-19
U501-8
U530-16
U401-4, U402-4
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 61
Theory of Operation: Command Board 3-11
The three inputs to the NOR gate (SW9.6-V, RPCIC EN, and RPCIC_EN delayed) must be at a logic low to enable the power-on reset (POR*) to a high logic state. During this power-up sequence, this reset is delayed approximately 170 ms after the B+ voltage is sensed. This delay is needed to allow the supply voltages and oscillators to stabilize before releasing the VOCON board’s microprocessor.
Figure 3-5 illustrates the internal function of the POR* within the SIOIC device.
SIOIC
(Internal)
UNSW+5V
SW9.6V
RPCIC EN
R526
R524
15
25
5.6V Reference
14
C511
Figure 3-5. Power-on Reset
3.2.6 Serial Communications on the External Bus
Serial communications on the external bus use the BUS+ (J502-25), BUS- (J502-22), and BUSY (J502-9) lines.
These three lines are bidirectional; therefore, numerous devices can be in parallel on the bus. All devices monitor the bus while data is being transmitted at a 9600-baud rate. The transmitted data includes the address of the device for which the data is intended. Examples of the different types of data are: control head display data and button closure data.
Data bus drivers for the BUS+ and BUS- lines are differentially driven, having BUS- inverted from the state of BUS+. The idle states are: BUS+, a logic high; and BUS-, a logic low. The drivers are so designed that any of the devices on the bus can drive these lines to their non-idle state without loading problems.
P501-27
POR
MAEPF-25185-O
In a typical transmission, the microcontroller examines the BUSY line. If the BUSY line is in the idle state, the microcontroller sets the BUSY line and then transmits. At the end of transmission, the microcontroller returns the BUSY line to idle. The microcontroller sets the BUSY line via microcontroller pin 30, SIOIC pins 10 and 13, and J502-9.
Data transmission is sent onto the bus asynchronously. When the microcontroller sends data onto the bus, the microcontroller also monitors the transmitted data as a collision detection measure. If a collision is detected as a result of receiving a different data pattern, the microcontroller will stop transmission and try again. The microcontroller monitors and receives data via the BUS+ line (J502-
25) to the SIOIC (U522, pin 17) and the BUS- line (J502-22) to the SIOIC (U522, pins 18 and 20), and pin 20 of the microcontroller. Data is transmitted from microcontroller pin 19 to the SIOIC to BUS+ (J501, pin 25), and the SIOIC to BUS- (J501, pin 22).
In the remote version of the radio, option cards can be installed. If data transmission is required, data is transmitted from J502-20 to SIOIC pin 19, then from the SIOIC to BUS+ (J501, pin 25), and the SIOIC to BUS- (J501, pin 22).
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 62
3-12 Theory of Operation: Command Board
3.2.7 Synchronous Serial Bus (MOSI)
The synchronous serial bus is an internal bus used by the microcontroller for communicating with various ICs. The serial bus, called MOSI (master out/ slave in), is used to program the digital-to­analog (D/A) converter IC (U526), the serial-to-parallel shift register (U530) on the command board, and the ABACUS II IC (U301) on the RF board. The MOSI data is sent from the VOCON board’s microprocessor (U204) through the ADSIC input/output IC (U406) and enters the command board through P501, pin 9. This serial bus has an associated clock and individual select lines for steering the data to one of the three possible devices.
The clock and data are routed in parallel to all serially programmed ICs. The ICs are programmed one-at-a-time by the microcontroller, with each IC ignoring activity on its clock and data lines unless it has been selected.
3.2.8 Received Audio
The received audio is sent from the ADSIC D/A converter as the SDO signal. The audio enters the command board at P501, pin 40, and is routed to the analog multiplex gate (U524, pin 1). The gate’s output (U524, pin 2) is paralleled with the output of a second multiplex gate (U524, pin 9) and sent to voltage divider R455 and R456. The voltage divider provides the required attenuation for minimum/ maximum volume control settings. Capacitor C454 provides a DC block and couples the audio into U450, pin 2 for amplification.
The two multiplex gates provide control of either receive audio or vehicular repeater audio. These gates are controlled by the inputs to U524, pin 13 and U524, pin 6 from the serial shift register, U530. The independent inputs are software selected by the VOCON’s microcontroller.
The audio power amplifier (PA), U450, is a DC-coupled-output bridge-type amplifier. The gain is internally fixed at 36 dB. Speaker audio leaves U450 on pins 11 and 13. For dash-mount models, the audio is routed to the speaker via P503, pins14 and 16. The amplifier is biased to one half of the A+ voltage and connected directly to the speaker from the rear accessory connector (J2, pins 6 and 7). The speaker outputs must NOT be grounded in any way. An audio isolation transformer must be used if grounded test equipment (such as a service monitor) is to be connected to the speaker outputs.
When the radio is squelched, the audio PA is disabled by the VOCON board’s controller, providing a low output state to P501, pin 44 (speaker-enable input). The low input turns off Q401 and Q400, removing SWB+ voltage to the audio PA, U450. When U450, pin 10 does not have SW+B applied, the speaker is totally muted and the audio PA current drain is greatly reduced. Diode CR402 (not normally installed) is used when a vehicular repeater is installed and audio muting is required.
A second output for filtered receive audio is provided to drive accessory hardware. The output of P501, pin 49 (MOD IN/DISC AUDIO) is primarily used for transmitter modulation. In the receive mode, the digital signal processor (DSP), via ADSIC, outputs audio at a fixed level (approximately 800 mV pp). This output can be connected to the accessory connector (P503, pin 21) by selecting the appropriate jumper settings.
3.2.9 Microphone Audio
The mobile microphone connects to the front of the control head through connector P104. Microphone high audio enters the command board via P502, pin 6 and is routed to differential amplifier buffer U402. Resistors R414 and R415 provide 9.6-V bias voltage for the microphone’s internal circuitry. Amplifier U402 pre-emphasizes and limits the incoming microphone audio through components C462, R407, C463, and R408, which perform an active filter function. Components R441, R442, C467, C465, R443, C466, and C568 provide de-emphasis, developing the required clamped microphone audio, referred to as “mic audio in” (MAI).
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 63
Theory of Operation: Command Board 3-13
3.2.10 Transmit Deviation
The analog transmit deviation (MAI) enters the VOCON board through P501, pin 39, and is converted to a digital format. The digital representation is processed and pre-emphasized by the DSP processor. The pre-emphasized digital bit stream is converted back to analog by the ADSIC device.
The modulation enters the command board through P501, pin 49 (MOD IN) and P501, pin 48 (REF MOD). The two audio signals are required to compensate for low-frequency non-linearities caused by the loop filter in the VCO. The two transmit modulation signals enter a buffer (U401, pin 5 and U401, pin 3). The outputs are sent to a multiplex gate (U523), used to disable the outputs during the receive mode. The multiplex gate is controlled by the serial shift register (U530), and the control lines (U530, pins 10 and 11) are pulled low in the transmit mode.
The modulation is sent out on U530, pins 14 (MOD IN) and 15 (REF MOD). Modulation from U530, pin 14, is coupled through R400 to a non-inverting amplifier, U401. Resistors R403 and R437 fix the closed-loop output gain to 4. Modulation from U530, pin 15 is coupled through R420 to the second non-inverting amplifier, U401. Resistors R422 and R438 fix the closed-loop output gain to 6. The amplified modulation leaves the command board through J500, pins 11 and 17, and is routed to the RF board to provide the transmit modulation.
3.2.11 RS-232 Line Driver
The U526 device is a driver/receiver IC, capable of interfacing with external hardware that utilizes the RS-232 protocol. The device includes an internal oscillator, a voltage doubler, a voltage inverter, and a level shifter. The IC is sourced by +5 V and outputs digital signals at voltage levels of
±10 Vdc.
The device accepts incoming RS-232 data and converts it to a 5-V logic level. The command board jumper default settings are arranged to have the RS-232 driver normally connected to the accessory outputs, except when ordered as Motorcycle models.
3.2.12 Flash Programming
The command board provides multiplexing of the receive and transmit data inputs from the control head’s microphone connector (P104). The microphone connector is used (during certain conditions) as a Flash programming input port. When the special programming cable is inserted into P104, the “microphone high” line (normally 9.6 V) increases to 13 V, due to internal connections made within the radio interface box (RIB). Zener diode VR401 (and resistor R519), connected to the “Mic Hi” input (P502, pin 6), is forward-biased beyond its breakdown voltage of 11 Vdc. The voltage drop across R516 forward-biases Q401, turning on the transistor. The collector of Q401 pulls the voltage provided by R521 to ground. The change in state causes the multiplex control line (U525, pins 9, 10,
11) to change the gate inputs. The change allows the receive and transmit data paths to be multiplexed to P502, pin 23 (Key Fail), P502, pin 15 (P_RX data), and P502, pin 2 (PTT*/P reset).
3.2.13 Encryption Voltages
The command board produces two voltages that are used by the encryption module: 10-V (9-V on G and earlier boards) constant and 5-V key storage. The constant 10 V is generated using components U604, R608, R609, and C605 (R420, VR403, C457, and Q508 on G and earlier boards) and is fed to pin 38 of P501. On the VOCON board, the 10 V provides continuous unswitched voltage when the vehicular battery is connected to the radio and is also switched via VOCON transistors Q206 and Q207 to provide SWB+ to the encryption module. A 5-V storage circuit comprised of components R532, R533, and C571 (0.47 farad capacitor) provides +5 Vdc to the encryption module via P501 pin 36 to hold encryption keys for a period of three days with no A+ voltage present. Provision is made for a battery holder to replace capacitor C571. The addition of the battery will increase encryption key hold time to approximately one year.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 64
3-14 Theory of Operation: Command Board
3.2.14 Regulator and Power-Control IC
The regulator and power-control IC (RPCIC), U500, contains internal circuitry for the 9.6-V regulator and the switched +5-V regulator. Refer to Section 3.2.4, "Regulators," on page 3-10 for detailed theory of operation.
The power-control section of the device is responsible for maintaining a constant RF output power. A directional coupler and detector network, located within the RF power amplifier circuit, rectifies the sensed forward power from the last RF gain stage. The detected voltage is routed back to the command board control circuitry (U500) via P503, pin 8. The voltage is then coupled through a buffer amplifier and summed, through a resistor network (R509, R508, and R507), with the transmit power set voltage (U500, pin 6) and the temperature sense voltage. The resulting voltage is applied to the control amplifier’s inverting port (U502, pin 2) for automatic RF gain control.
The U500 current-sense inputs, pin 37 (sense +) and pin 38 (sense -), are sourced from the current­sensing resistor on the RF power amplifier. The two inputs are applied to a differential amplifier internal to the RPCIC. The current limit is set by a software-programmable D/A device (U502) that causes a cut back in RF output power when the set limit is exceeded.
The transmitter attack and off times are software programmable to meet domestic and international specifications. Transistors Q514 and Q515 are controlled by a serial shift register (U530). The transistors, when turned on (logic 1 input) cause the output of Q504 (the PA control line) to ramp up slowly to prevent an abrupt RF PA turn-on. The slower rate is required to meet international spurious requirements. When the transistors are turned off, the attack times return to a standard domestic response with fast rise times. Refer to Figure 3-6 for attack time diagrams.
Trigger
T1
Standard spec. European spec.
1.87 mS T2
MAEPF-25186-O
Figure 3-6. Transmitter Attack Time
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 65
Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board 3-15
3.3 ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board
This section of the theory of operation provides a detailed circuit description of an ASTRO Digital Spectra Vocoder/Controller (VOCON) Board. When reading the Theory of Operation, refer to your appropriate schematic and component location diagrams located in “Chapter 7. Schematics,
Component Location Diagrams, and Parts Lists”. This detailed Theory of Operation will help isolate
the problem to a particular component. However, first use the ASTRO Digital Spectra and Digital Spectra Plus Mobile Radios Basic Service Manual to troubleshoot the problem to a particular board.
NOTE: The information in this subsection applies to the non Plus VOCON Board. Refer to Section
3.4, "ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board," on page 3-38 for information on the ASTRO
Spectra Plus VOCON board.
3.3.1 General
The VOCON board consists of two subsystems; the vocoder and the controller. Although these two subsystems share the same printed circuit board and work closely together, it helps to keep their individual functionality separate in describing the operation of the radio.
The controller section is the central interface between the various subsystems of the radio. It is very similar to the digital logic portion of the controllers on many existing Motorola radios. Its main task is to interpret user input, provide user feedback, and schedule events in the radio operation, which includes programming ICs, steering the activities of the DSP, and sending messages to the display through the control head.
The vocoder section performs all tone signaling, trunking signalling, conventional analog voice, etc. All analog signal processing is done digitally utilizing a DSP56001. In addition it provides a digital voice plus data capability utilizing VSELP or IMBE voice compression algorithms. Vocoder is a general term used to refer to these DSP based systems and is short for voice encoder.
In addition, the VOCON board provides the interconnection between the microcontroller unit (MCU), digital-signal processor (DSP), command board, and encryption board on secure-equipped radios.
3.3.2 Controller Section
Refer to Figure 3-7 and your specific schematic diagram.
The controller section of the VOCON board consists entirely of digital logic comprised of a microcontrol unit (MCU-U204), a custom support logic IC (SLIC-U206), and memory consisting of: SRAM (U202), EEPROM (U201), and FLASH ROM (U205).
The MCU (U204) memory system is comprised of a 32k x 8 SRAM (U202), 32k x 8 EEPROM (U201), and 512k x 8 FLASH ROMs (U205). The MCU also contains 1024 bytes of internal SRAM and 512 bytes of internal EEPROM. The EEPROM memory is used to store customer specific information and radio personality features. The FLASH ROM contains the programs which the HC11F1 executes. The FLASH ROM allows the controller firmware to be reprogrammed for future software upgrades or feature enhancements. The SRAM is used for scratchpad memory during program execution.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 66
3-16 Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board
The SLIC (U206) performs many functions as a companion IC for the MCU. Among these are expanded input/output (I/O), memory decoding and management, and interrupt control. It also contains the universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART) used for the RS232 data communications. The SLIC control registers are mapped into the MCU (U204) memory space.
U201
32Kx8
EEPROM
U202 32Kx8 SRAM
U205
256Kx8 FLASH
U210
256Kx8 FLASH
HC11/DSP
Interface
1024 Bytes
SRAM
Address/Data/
Control
U204
MC68HC11F1
Resets
U206
SLIC IV
Address/Data/
Control
Chip Selects/
Bank Control
512 Bytes EEPROM
Purpose I/O
Clocks
Clocks
Purpose I/O
General
Controls
General
RS232
SCI
SPI
A/D
Command Board Command Board
ADSIC
Encryption Board
Command Board
MAEPF-25105-O
Figure 3-7. VOCON Board - Controller Section
The controller performs the programming of all peripheral ICs. This is done via a serial peripheral interface (SPI) bus. ICs programmed through this bus include the synthesizer prescaler, DAIC, and ADSIC. On secure-equipped model, the encryption board is also controlled through the SPI bus.
In addition to the SPI bus, the controller also maintains two asynchronous serial buses; the SB9600 bus and an RS232 serial bus. The SB9600 bus is for interfacing the controller section to different hardware option boards, some of which may be external to the radio. The RS232 is used as common data interface for external devices.
User input from the control head is sent to the controller via the SB9600 bus. Feedback to the user is provided by the display on the control head. The display is 2 line 14 characters on the W3 model, 8 characters on W4, W5, and W7 models, and 11 characters on the W9 model.
The controller schedules the activities of the DSP through the host port interface. This includes setting the operational modes and parameters of the DSP. The controlling of the DSP is analogous to programming analog signaling ICs on standard analog radios.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 67
Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board 3-17
3.3.3 Vocoder Section
Refer to Figure 3-8 and your specific schematic diagram.
The vocoder section of the VOCON board is made up of a digital signal processor (DSP) (U405), 24k x24 static-RAM (SRAM) (U414, U403, and U402), 256kB FLASH ROM (U404), and ABACUS II/DSP support IC (ADSIC) (U406).
The FLASH ROM (U404) contains the program code executed by the DSP. As with the FLASH ROM used in the controller section, the FLASH ROM is reprogrammable so new features and algorithms can be updated in the field as they become available. Depending on the mode and operation of the DSP, corresponding program code is moved from the FLASH ROM into the faster SRAM, where it is executed at full bus rate.
The ADSIC (U406) is basically a support IC for the DSP. It provides among other things, the interface from the digital world of the DSP to the analog world. The ADSIC also provides some memory management and provides interrupt control for the DSP processing algorithms. The configuration programming of the ADSIC is performed by the MCU. However some components of the ADSIC are controlled through a parallel memory mapped register bank by the DSP.
In the receive mode, The ADSIC (U406) acts as an interface to the ABACUS II IC, which can provide digital output of I (In phase) and Q (Quadrature) data words directly to the DSP for processing. Or the data can be filtered and discriminated by the ADSIC and data provided to the DSP as raw discriminator sample data. The latter mode, with the ADSIC performing the filtering and discrimination, is the typical mode of operation.
In the transmit mode, the ADSIC (U406) provides a serial digital-to-analog (D/A) converter. The data generated by the DSP is filtered and reconstructed as an analog signal to present to the VCO and Synthesizer as a modulation signal. Both the transmit and receive data paths between the DSP and ADSIC are through the DSP SSI port.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 68
3-18 Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board
When transmitting, the microphone audio is passed from the command board to the ADSIC, which incorporates an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter to translate the analog waveform to a series of data. The data is available to the DSP through the ADSIC parallel registers. In the converse way, the DSP writes speaker data samples to a D/A in the ADSIC, which provides an analog speaker audio signal to the audio power amplifier on the command board.
U402
8Kx24
SRAM
HC11/DSP
U403
8Kx24
SRAM
U414 8Kx24 SRAM
U404
256Kx8
FLASH
A0-A15
D0-D23
BUS
CONTROL
MODB
MODA
U405
DSP56001
EXTAL
Host
Port
SCI
SERIAL
SSI
SERIAL
Interface
Encryption
Interface
3.3.4 RX Signal Path
The vocoder processes all received signals digitally. This requires a unique back end from a standard analog radio. This unique functionality is provided by the ABACUS II IC with the ADSIC (U406) acting as the interface to the DSP. The ABACUS II IC located on the RF board provides a digital back-end for the receiver section. It provides a digital output of I (In phase) and Q (Quadrature) data words at 20 kHz sampling rate through the ADSIC interface to the DSP. Refer to the appropriate transceiver section for details on ABACUS II operation.
Gata Array
Logic
General
Purpose I/O
Speaker
D/A
System
Clock
U406
ADSIC
Microphone
A/D
Tx D/A
ABACUS Rx
Interface
Serial
Config.
Figure 3-8. VOCON Board - Vocoder Section
Modulation
Out
ABACUS
Interface
HC11
SPI
Command
Board
MAEPF-25106-O
The ADSIC interface to the ABACUS II is comprised of the four signals SBI, DIN, DIN*, and ODC (refer to Figure 3-9).
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 69
Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board 3-19
IRQB
8KHz
D8-D23
IRQB
SDO
Command Board
Interface
J501-40
ADSIC
DSP56001
U405
SC0
SC1
SSI
SERIAL
NOTE: An asterisk symbol (*) next to a signal name indicates a negative or NOT logic true signal.
ODC is a clock ABACUS II provides to the ADSIC. Most internal ADSIC functions are clocked by this ODC signal at a rate of 2.4 MHz and is available as soon as power is supplied to the circuitry. This signal may initially be 2.4 or 4.8 MHz after power-up. It is programmed by the ADSIC through the SBI signal to 2.4 MHz when the ADSIC is initialized by the MCU through the SPI bus. For any functionality of the ADSIC to exist, including initial programming, this reference clock must be present. SBI is a programming data line for the ABACUS II. This line is used to configure the operation of the ABACUS II and is driven by the ADSIC. The MCU programs many of the ADSIC operational features through the SPI interface. There are 36 configuration registers in the ADSIC of which four contain configuration data for the ABACUS II. When these particular registers are programmed by the MCU, the ADSIC in turn sends this data to the ABACUS II through the SBI.
SC2 SCK SRD
STD
A0-A2,A13-A15,RD*,WR*
2.4 MHz Receive Data Clock 20 KHz RX Data Interrupt
48KHz TX Data Interrupt
1.2 MHz Tx Data Serial Clock Serial Receive Data
Serial Transmit Data
Figure 3-9. DSP RSSI Port - RX Mode
SCKR RFS
TFS SCKT
RXD
TXD
U406
SBI DIN
DIN-
IDC
SBI
Data In
Data In*
ODC
ABACUS II
Interface
J501-6 J501-2
J501-1
J501-7
MAEPF-25107-O
DIN and DIN* are the data lines on which the I and Q data words are transferred from the ABACUS II. These signals make up a differentially encoded current loop. Instead of sending TTL type voltage signals, the data is transferred by flowing current one way or the other through the loop. This helps to reduce internally generated spurious emissions on the RF board. The ADSIC contains an internal current loop decoder which translates these signals back to TTL logic and stores the data in internal registers.
In the fundamental mode of operation, the ADSIC transfers raw baseband data to the DSP. The DSP can perform IF filtering and discriminator functions on this data to obtain a baseband demodulated signal. However, the ADSIC contains a digital filter and discriminator function and can provide this baseband demodulated signal directly to the DSP, this being the typical mode of operation. The internal digital IF filter is programmable up to 24 taps. These taps are programmed by the MCU through the SPI interface.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 70
3-20 Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board
The DSP accesses this data through its SSI port. This is a 6 port synchronous serial bus. It is used by the DSP for both transmit and receive data transferal, but only the receive functions will be discussed here. The ADSIC transfers the data to the DSP on the SRD line at a rate of 2.4 MHz. This is clocked synchronously by the ADSIC which provides a 2.4 MHz clock on SC0. In addition, a 20 kHz interrupt is provided on SC1 signaling the arrival of a data packet. This means a new I and Q sample data packet is available to the DSP at a 20 kHz rate which represents the sampling rate of the received data. The DSP then processes this data to extract audio, signaling, etc. based on the 20 kHz interrupt.
In addition to the SPI programming bus, the ADSIC also contains a parallel configuration bus consisting of D8-D23, A0-A2, A13-A15, RD*, and WR*, This bus is used to access registers mapped into the DSP memory starting at Y:FFF0. Some of these registers are used for additional ADSIC configuration controlled directly by the DSP. Some of the registers are data registers for the speaker D/A. Analog speaker audio is processed through this parallel bus where the DSP outputs the speaker audio digital data words to this speaker D/A and an analog waveform is generated which is output on SDO (Speaker Data Out). In conjunction with the speaker D/A, the ADSIC contains a programmable attenuator to set the rough signal attenuation. However, the fine levels and differences between signal types is adjusted through the DSP software algorithms. The speaker D/A attenuator setting is programmed by the MCU through the SPI bus.
The ADSIC provides an 8 kHz interrupt to the DSP on IRQB for processing the speaker data samples. IRQB is also one of the DSP mode configuration pins at start up. This 8 kHz signal must be enabled through the SPI programming bus by the MCU and is necessary for any audio processing to occur.
For secure messages, the digital signal data must be passed to the secure module for decryption prior to processing speaker data. The DSP transfers the data to and from the secure module through it's SCI port consisting of TXD and RXD. The SCI port is a two wire duplex asynchronous serial port. Configuration and mode control of the secure module is performed by the MCU through the SPI bus.
The ADSIC presents the analog speaker audio to the command board’s audio power amplifier., which drives an external speaker. For more information on this subject, refer to Section
3.2, "Command Board," on page 3-8.
Since all of the audio and signaling is processed in DSP software algorithms, all types of audio and signalling follow this same path. There is, however, one exception. Low-speed trunking data is
processed by the host µC through the SCLK port of the DSP. This port is connected to port PA0 on the host µC. The DSP extracts the low-speed data from the received signal and relays it to the host µC for processing.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 71
Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board 3-21
3.3.5 TX Signal Path
The transmit signal path follows some of the same design structure as the receive signal path described in Section 3.3.4, "RX Signal Path," on page 3-18 (refer to Figure 3-10). It is advisable to read through the section on RX Signal Path that precedes this section.
IRQB
DSP56001
U405
SSI
SERIAL
SC0
SC1
SC2 SCK SRD
STD
A0-A2,A13-A15,RD*,WR*
2.4 MHz Receive Data Clock 20 KHz RX Data Interrupt
48KHz TX Data Interrupt
1.2 MHz Tx Data Serial Clock
8KHz
D8-D23
Serial Receive Data
Serial Transmit Data
IRQB
SCKR
RFS TFS SCKT RXD TXD
ADSIC
U406
MAI VVO VRO
SBI
DIN
DIN-
IDC
MODIN
REF MOD
SBI
Data In
Data In*
ODC
J501-39 J501-49 J501-48
ABACUS II
Interface
J501-6 J501-2 J501-1 J501-7
MAEPF-25108-O
Figure 3-10. DSP RSSI Port - TX Mode
The ADSIC contains a microphone A/D with a programmable attenuator for coarse level adjustment. As with the speaker D/A attenuator, the microphone attenuator value is programmed by the MCU through the SPI bus. The analog microphone signal from the command board is input to the A/D on MAI (Mic Audio In). The microphone A/D converts the analog signal to a digital data stream and stores it in internal registers. The DSP accesses this data through the parallel configuration bus consisting of D8-D23, A0-A2, A13-A15, RD*, and WR*. As with the speaker data samples, the DSP reads the microphone samples from registers mapped into it's memory space starting at Y:FFF0. The ADSIC provides an 8 kHz interrupt to the DSP on IRQB for processing these microphone data samples.
As with the received trunking low-speed data, low speed Tx data is processed by the MCU and returned to the DSP at the DSP SCLK port connected to the MCU port PA0.
For secure messages, the digital signal may be passed to the secure module for encryption prior to further processing. The DSP transfers the data to and from the secure module through its SCI port, consisting of TXD and RXD. Configuration and mode control of the secure module is performed by the MCU via the SPI bus.
The DSP processes these converted microphone samples, generates and mixes the appropriate signalling, and filters the resultant data. This data is then transferred to the ADSIC IC on the DSP SSI port. The transmit side of the SSI port consists of SC2, SCK, and STD. The DSP SSI port is a synchronous serial port. SCK is the 1.2 MHz clock input derived from the ADSIC, which makes it synchronous. The data is clocked over to the ADSIC on STD at a 1.2 MHz rate. The ADSIC generates a 48 kHz interrupt on SC2 so that a new sample data packet is transferred at a 48 kHz rate which sets the transmit data sampling rate at 48Ksp.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 72
3-22 Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board
These samples are then input to a transmit D/A, which converts the data to an analog waveform. This waveform is the modulation out signal from the ADSIC ports, VVO and VRO. These signals are both sent to the command board, where they go through a gain stage and then to the VCO and Synthesizer. VVO is used primarily for audio frequency modulation; VRO is used to compensate for low-frequency response to pass Digital Private Line (DPL) modulated signals.The transmit side of the transceiver is virtually identical to a standard analog FM radio.
Also required is the 2.4 MHz ODC signal from the ABACUS II IC. Although the ABACUS II IC provides receiver functions, it is important to note that this 2.4 MHz reference is required for all of the ADSIC operations.
3.3.6 Controller Bootstrap and Asynchronous Buses
The SB9600 bus (see Figure 3-11) is an asynchronous serial communication bus, utilizing a Motorola proprietary protocol. It provides a means for the MCU to communicate with other hardware devices. In the ASTRO Digital Spectra radio, it communicates with hardware accessories connected to the accessory connector and the remote interface board.
The SB9600 bus utilizes the UART internal to the MCU, operating at 9600 baud. The SB9600 bus consists of LH/TX_Data (J501-18), LH/RX_Data (J501-17), and Busy_RTS (J501-20) signals. LH/TX_Data and LH/RX_Data are the SCI TXD and RXD ports (U204-PD0 and PD1), respectively. Busy_RTS (U204-PA3) is an active-low signal, which is pulled low when a device wants control of the bus.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 73
Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board 3-23
The same UART internal to the MCU is used in the controller bootstrap mode of operation. This mode is used primarily in downloading new program code to the FLASH ROMs on the VOCON board. In this mode, the MCU accepts special code downloaded at 7200 baud through the SCI bus instead of operating from program code resident in its ROMs.
J501-20
SB9600_BUSY
J501-18
LH_DATA/BOOT_DATA_OUT
J501-17
BOOT_DATA_IN
J501-43
RS232_DATA_OUT
J501-50
RS232_DATA_IN
J501-5
CTSOUT*
BOOT_DATA_OUT
BOOT_DATA_IN
PA3
HC11F1
U204
PD1 (TXD)
PD0 (RXD)
PJ2
SLIC IV
U206
RXDIN
PJ3
J501-42
RTS_IN*
RTSBIN
MAEPF-25109-O
Figure 3-11. Host SB9600 and RS232 Ports
A voltage greater than 10 Vdc applied to J501-31 (Vpp) will trip the circuit comprising Q203, Q204, and VR207. This circuit sets the MODA and MODB pins of the MCU to bootstrap mode (logic 0,0). If the Vpp voltage is raised to 12 Vdc required on the FLASH devices for programming, the circuit comprising VR208, Q211, and Q208 will trip, supplying Vpp to the FLASH devices, U205 and U404.
The ASTRO Digital Spectra radio has an additional asynchronous serial bus which utilizes RS232 bus protocol. This bus utilizes the UART in the SLIC IC (U206). It consists of TX/RS232 (J501-43), RX/RS232 (J501-50), CTS/RS232 (J501-5), and RTS/RS232 (J501-42). It is a four-wire duplex bus used to connect to external data devices.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 74
3-24 Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board
3.3.7 Vocoder Bootstrap
The DSP has two modes of bootstrap: from program code stored in the FLASH ROM U404, or retrieving code from the host port.
During normal modes of operation, the DSP executes program code stored in the FLASH ROM, U404. Unlike the MCU, however, the DSP moves the code from the FLASH ROM into the three SRAMs, U402, U403, and U414, where it is executed from. Since, at initial start-up, the DSP must execute this process before it can begin to execute system code, it is considered a bootstrap process. In this process, the DSP fetches 512 words, 1536 bytes, of code from the FLASH ROM, starting at physical address $C000, and moves it into internal P memory. This code contains the system vectors, including the reset vector. It then executes this piece of bootstrap code, which basically in turn moves additional code into the external SRAMs.
A second mode of bootstrap allows the DSP to load this initial 512 words of data from the host port, being supplied by the MCU. This mode is used for FLASH programming the DSP ROM when the ROM may initially be blank. In addition, this mode may be used for downloading some diagnostic software for evaluating that portion of the board.
The bootstrap mode for the DSP is controlled by three signals; MODA/IRQA*, MODB/IRQB*, and D23. All three of these signals are on the DSP (U405). MODA and MODB configure the memory map of the DSP when the DSP reset become active. These two signals are controlled by the ADSIC (U406) during power-up, which sets MODA low and MODB high for proper configuration. Later these lines become interrupts for analog signal processing. D23 controls whether the DSP will look for code from the MCU or will retrieve code from the FLASH ROM. D23 by default is pulled high through R404 which will cause the DSP to seek code from the FLASH ROM (U404) if this line is read high out of reset. This line is also connected to an I/O port on the MCU which can configure it for the second, host port, mode of bootstrap.
3.3.8 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Bus
This bus is a synchronous serial bus made up of a data, a clock, and an individual IC unique select line. It's primary purpose is to configure the operating state of each IC. ICs programmed by this include; ADSIC, Synthesizer, Prescaler, DAIC, and, if equipped, the secure module.
The MCU (U204) is configured as the master of the bus. It provides the synchronous clock (SPI_SCK), a select line, and data (MOSI [Master Out Slave In]). In general the appropriate select line is pulled low to enable the target IC and the data is clocked in. The SPI bus is a duplex bus with the return data being clocked in on MISO (Master In Slave Out). The only place this is used is when communicating with the secure module. In this case, the return data is clocked back to the MCU on MISO (master in slave out).
3.3.9 Controller Memory Map
Figure 3-12 depicts the controller section memory map for the parallel data bus as used in normal
modes of operation. There are three maps available for normal operation, but map 2 is the only one used. In bootstrap mode, the mapping is slightly different and will be addressed later.
The external bus for the host controller (U204)) consists of one 32Kx8 SRAM (U202), one 32Kx8 EEPROM (U201), one IMEG FLASH ROM U205, and SLIC (U206) configuration registers. In addition the DSP host port is mapped into this bus through the SLIC address space. The purpose of this bus is to interface the MCU (U204) to these devices
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 75
Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board 3-25
MAP 2
NON-MUX 32K COMMON
**
$0000
$1000
$2000
$3000
$4000
$5000
$6000
$7000
$8000
$9000
External
RAM
Int EE
F1 REGS
F1
INT RAM
SLIC REG
HOST PORT
Ext RAM
External
External
RAM
RAM
$0000
$0E00 $1000
$1060
$1400 $1500
$1600
$1800
SLIC III REGISTER $1400 - $14FF
F1 REGISTERS AND MEMORY:
INT RAM: $1060-$13FF INT EE: $0E00-$0FFF REGISTERS: $1000-$105F
$A000
$B000
$C000
$D000
$E000
$F000
$FFFF
COMMON ROM
BANKED ROM/EEPROM
*
*
CONTROLLED BY SLIC
$3fff
RAM
EXTERNAL EEPROM CONTROLLED BY F1
MAEPF-24346-O
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Figure 3-12. Controller Memory Mapping
Page 76
3-26 Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board
The MCU executes program code stored in the FLASH ROMs. On a power-up reset, it fetches a vector from $FFFE, $FFFF in the ROMs and begins to execute code stored at this location. The external SRAM along with the internal 1Kx8 SRAM is used for temporary variable storage and stack space. The internal 512 bytes of EEPROM along with the external EEPROM are used for non volatile storage of customer-specific information. More specifically the internal EEPROM space contains transceiver board tuning information and on power-down some radio state information is stored in the external EEPROM.
The SLIC is controlled through sixteen registers mapped into the MCU memory at $1400-$14FF. This mapping is achieved by the following signals from the MCU: R/W*, CSIO1*, HA0-HA4,HA8, HA9. Upon power-up, the MCU configures the SLIC including the memory map by writing to these registers.
The SLIC memory management functions in conjunction with the chip selects provided by the MCU provide the decoding logic for the memory map which is dependent upon the “map” selected in the SLIC. The MCU provides a chip select, CSGEN*, which decodes the valid range for the external SRAM. In addition CSI01* and CSPROG* are provided to the SLIC decoding logic for the external EEPROM and FLASH ROM respectively. The SLIC provides a chip select and banking scheme for the EEPROM and FLASH ROM. The FLASH ROM is banked into the map in 16KB blocks with one 32KB common ROM block. The external EEPROM may be swapped into one of the banked ROM areas. This is all controlled by EE1CS*, ROM1CS*, ROM2CS*, HA14_OUT, HA15_OUT, HA16, and HA17 from the SLIC (U206) and D0-D8 and A0-16 from the MCU (U204).
The SLIC provides three peripheral chip selects; XTSC1B, XTCS2B, and XTCS3B. These can be configured to drive an external chip select when its range of memory is addressed. XTSC1B is used to address the host port interface to the DSP. XTSC2B is used to address a small portion of external SRAM through the gate U211. XTSCB3 is used as general purpose I/O for interrupting the secure module.
In bootstrap mode the memory map is slightly different. Internal EEPROM is mapped at $FE00­$FFFF and F1 internal SRAM starts at $0000-$03FF. In addition, a special bootstrap ROM appears in the ROM space from $B600-$BFFF. For additional information on bootstrap mode, refer to Section
3.3.6, "Controller Bootstrap and Asynchronous Buses," on page 3-22.
3.3.10 Vocoder Memory Map
The vocoder (DSP) external bus consists of three 32k x 8 SRAMs (U401, U402, and U403), one 256k x 8 FLASH ROM (U404), and ADSIC (U406) configuration registers. Refer to Figure 3-13.
The DSP56001A (U405) has a 24 bit wide data bus (D0-D23) and a 16 bit wide address bus (A0 - A15). The DSP can address three 64k x 24 memory spaces: P (Program), Dx (Data X), and Dy (Data Y). These additional RAM spaces are decoded using PS* (Program Strobe), DS* (Data Strobe), and X/Y*. RD* and WR* are separate read and write strobes.
The ADSIC provides memory decoding for the FLASH ROM (U404). EPS* provides the logic:
A15 x (A14
and is used as a select for the ROM. The ADSIC provide three bank lines for selecting 16k byte banks from the ROM. This provides decoding for 128k bytes from the ROM in the P: memory space. PS* is used to select A17 to provide an additional 128k bytes of space in Dx: memory space for the ROM.
⊕ A13)
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 77
Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board 3-27
$FFFF
$E000
$DFFF
$A000
$9FFF
$8000
$7FFF
ADS Vectors
External ROM
16KB Physical
Banks
$00000-1FFFF
External
RAM U401
External ROM 16KB Physical
Banks
$20000-3FFFF
Not Used
External
RAM
U402
DyDxP
ADSIC
Registers
External
RAM
U403
$2000
$1FFF
$1000
$0FFF
$0200
$01FF
$0000
ADS P Ram
Internal P Ram
ADS Dx Ram
Internal X Rom
Internal Dx Ram
ADS Dy Ram
Internal Y Rom
Internal Dy Ram
MAEPF-26007-A
Figure 3-13. Vocoder Memory Mapping
The ADSIC internal registers are decoded internally and start at $E000 in Dy:. These registers are decoded using A0-A2, A13-A15, and PS* from the DSP. The ADSIC internal registers are 16 bits wide, so only D8-D23 are used.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 78
3-28 Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board
The DSP program code is stored in the FLASH ROM, U404. During normal modes of operation, the DSP moves the appropriate program code into the three SRAMs (U401, U402, and U403) and internal RAM for execution. The DSP never executes program code from the FLASH ROM itself. At power-up after reset, the DSP downloads 512 words (1536 bytes) from the ROM, starting at $C000, and puts it into the internal RAM, starting at $0000, where it is executed. This segment of program code contains the interrupt vectors and the reset vector, and is basically an expanded bootstrap code. When the MCU messages the DSP that the ADSIC has been configured, the DSP overlays more code from the ROM into external SRAM and begins to execute it. Overlays occur at different times when the DSP moves code from the ROM into external SRAM, depending on immediate mode of operation, such as changing from transmit to receive.
3.3.11 MCU System Clock
The MCU (U701) system clock is provided by circuitry internal to the MCU and is based on the crystal reference, Y100. The nominal operating frequency is 7.3728 MHz. This signal is available as a clock at 4XECLK on U701 and is provided to the SLIC (U702) for internal clock timing. The MCU actually operates at a clock rate of 1/4 the crystal reference frequency or 1.8432 MHz. This clock is available at ECLK on U701.
The MCU clock contains a crystal warp circuit comprised of L120, Q102, and C162. This circuit is controlled by an I/O port (PA6) on the MCU. This circuit moves the operating frequency of the oscillator about 250ppM on certain receive channels to prevent interference from the MCU bus noise.
3.3.12 DSP System Clock
The DSP (U405) system clock, DCLK, is provided by the ADSIC (U406). It is based off the crystal reference, Y401, with a nominal operating frequency of 33.0000 MHz. The ADSIC contains an internal clock-divider circuit that can divide the system clock from 33 MHz to 16.5 MHz or 8.25 MHz operation. The DSP controls this divider by writing to the ADSIC parallel registers. The frequency is determined by the processes the DSP is running and, to reduce system power consumption, is generally configured to the slowest operating speed possible.
The additional circuitry of CR402, L401, C416, C417, C419, and C422 make up a crystal warp circuit. This circuit is controlled by the OSCw signal from ADSIC, which is configured by the host through the SPI bus. The crystal warp circuit moves the operating frequency of the oscillator about 400ppM on certain receive channels to prevent interference from the DSP bus noise.
3.3.13 Radio Power-Up/Power-Down Sequence
Radio power-up begins when the user closes the radio on/off switch on the control top, placing 7.5 Vdc on the B+_SENSE line. This signal enables the pass element Q106 through Q105, enabling SW_B+ to the controller board and the transceiver board. B+_SENSE also enables the +5 Vdc regulator, U709. When +5 Vdc has been established, it is sensed by the supervisory IC, U726, which disables the system reset through the delay circuit R208 and C214.
When the MCU comes out of reset, it fetches the reset vector in ROM at $FFFE, $FFFF and begins to execute the code this vector points to. It configures the SLIC through the parallel bus registers. Among other things it enables the correct memory map for the MCU. It configures all the transceiver devices on the SPI bus. The MCU then pulls the ADSIC out of reset and, after a minimal delay, the DSP also. It then configures the ADSIC via the SPI bus, configuring, among other things, the DSP memory map. While this is happening, the DSP is fetching code from ROM U404 into internal RAM and beginning to execute it. It then waits for a message from the MCU that the ADSIC has been configured, before going on.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 79
Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board 3-29
During this process, the MCU does power diagnostics. These diagnostics include verifying the MCU system RAM, and verifying the data stored in the internal EEPROM, external EEPROM, and FLASH ROMs. The MCU queries the DSP for proper status and the results of DSP self tests. The DSP self tests include testing the system RAM, verifying the program code in ROM U404, and returning the ADSIC configuration register checksum. Any failures cause the appropriate error codes to be sent to the display. If everything is OK, the appropriate radio state is configured and the unit waits for user input.
On power-down, the user opens the radio on/off switch, removing the B+_SENSE signal from the controller board. This does not immediately remove power, as the MCU holds this line active through B+_CNTL. The MCU then saves pertinent radio status data to the external EEPROM. Once this is done, B+_CNTL is released, shutting off SW_B+ at Q106 and shutting down the 5-Vdc regulator U709. When the regulator slumps to about 4.7 Vdc, supervisory IC U726 activates a system reset to the SLIC, which in turn resets the MCU.
3.3.14 VOCON BOARD Signals
Due to the nature of the schematic-generating program, signal names must be different when they are not directly connected to the same point. The following tables provide a cross-reference to the various pinouts for the same functional signal.
Table 3-2. VOCON Board Address Bus (A) Pinouts
Bus U402 U403 U404 U405 U406 U414 U415
A0 A4 A4 20 C2 E9 A4 --
A1 B4 B4 19 D3 E10 B4 --
A2 A3 A3 18 D2 E8 A3 --
A3 B3 B3 17 E2 -- B3 --
A4 A2 A2 16 D4 -- A2 --
A5 B2 B2 15 B1 -- B2 --
A6 J6 J6 14 E3 -- J6 --
A7 K7 K7 13 F1 -- K7 --
A8 J7 J7 3 F2 -- J7 --
A9 K8 K8 2 F3 -- K8 --
A10 B8 B8 31 G1 -- B8 --
A11 A8 A8 1 J2 -- A8 --
A12B7B712 K1-- B7--
A13 J3 -- 4 H3 D9 -- 2
A14 -- -- 5 G2 B9 -- 1
A15 K3 K3 11 H2 D10 J3 --
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 80
3-30 Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board
Table 3-3. VOCON Board Address Bus (HA) Pinouts
Bus U201 U202 U204 U205 U206 U210 U405
HA01310D220D7 20E9
HA1 11 9 C2 19 C7 19 F8
HA2 10 8 C1 18 C8 18 F9
HA38 7 D117D8 17--
HA42 6 E316E6 16--
HA57 5 E215-- 15--
HA66 4 E114-- 14--
HA75 3 E413-- 13--
HA8 27 25 F1 3 F6 3 --
HA9 12 24 F3 2 F7 2 --
HA10 24 21 F2 31 -- 31 --
HA11 26 23 G1 1 -- 1 --
HA12 4 2 F4 12 -- 12 --
HA13 28 26 G2 4 -- 4 --
HA14 3 1 H1-In 5 H8-In
H4-Out
HA15 -- -- H2-In 11 H7-In
K3-Out
HA16 -- -- -- 10 K6 10 --
HA17 -- -- -- 6 G5 6 --
5--
11 --
Table 3-4. VOCON Board Data Bus (D) Pinouts
Bus U402 U403 U404 U405 U406 U414
D0 B9 B9 21 G3 -- B9
D1 C8 C8 22 J1 -- C8
D2 C9 C9 23 K3 -- C9
D3 D9 D9 25 L3 -- D9
D4 E8 E8 26 J3 -- E8
D5 E9 E9 27 K4 -- E9
D6 F9 F9 28 H4 -- F9
D7 G9 G9 29 L2 -- G9
D8 G8 G8 -- K2 H10 G8
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 81
Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board 3-31
Table 3-4. VOCON Board Data Bus (D) Pinouts (Continued)
Bus U402 U403 U404 U405 U406 U414
D9 H8 H8 -- J4 H9 H8
D10J9J9-- K5H8J9
D11J8J8-- L5J8J8
D12J2J2-- J5L9J2
D13J1J1-- K6K8J1
D14 H2 H2 -- J6 L8 H2
D15G2G2-- H7J7 G2
D16G1G1-- L9 K7 G1
D17 F1 F1 -- K8 L7 F1
D18E1E1-- K7J6 E1
D19E2E2-- J7 K6E2
D20 D1 D1 -- L8 J5 D1
D21 C1 C1 -- K10 L6 C1
D22 C2 C2 -- J9 L5 C2
D23B1B1-- J10K5B1
Table 3-5. VOCON Board Data Bus (HD) Pinouts
Bus U201 U202 U204 U205 U206 U210 U405
HD014 1 C621 C321 C7
HD1 15 12 B8 22 B1 22 B8
HD2 16 13 C7 23 C2 23 D7
HD3 18 15 D5 25 D4 25 A9
HD4 19 16 C8 26 C1 26 C9
HD5 20 17 D7 27 D2 27 C10
HD6 21 18 D6 28 D3 28 D8
HD7 23 19 D8 29 D1 29 C8
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 82
3-32 Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board
Table 3-6. U204 (MCU)
U204 Pin #
B1 PE0 R260
B2 PE1 B SENSE/LBAT/PWR DWN VR214
C3 PE2 N/C
A3 PE3 EMERG J901-4
D3 PE4 N/C
A2 PE5 N/C
B3 PE6 SPKR COMMON R263
C4 PE7 EXT SPKR R261
B7 4XECLK (7.3726 MHz) U206-A3
J7 PD0 BOOT DATA IN (RXD) J501-17 U206
G6 PD1 BOOT DATA OUT (TXD) J501-18 U208
H6 PD2 MISO J801-7
J6 PD3 MOSI J501-9 J801-8
G5 PD4 SPI SCK J501-8 J801-9
Description To/From
H5 PD5 DA SEL* J501-13
C5 MOD A Q204C
B5 MOD B Q204C
G3 PA0 SCLK U405-C6
U406-C9
J2 PA1 BOOT MODE U405
H3 PA2 HREQ* U405-B10
J3 PA3 SB9600 BUSY J501-20
G4 PA4 IRQA* U406-F10
U405-H10
H4 PA5 BOOTSTRAP* U206-E5
J4 PA6 ECLK SHIFT Q205B
F5 PA7 N/C
E5 RESET/RESET* U201-31
U206-E4
E6 PG7 CSPROG* U206-E3
F8 PG6 CSGEN* U211-1
G8 PG5 CS101* U206-G1
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 83
Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board 3-33
Table 3-6. U204 (MCU) (Continued)
U204 Pin #
G7 PG4 ADSIC RST* U406-A8
F7 PG3 ADSIC SEL* U406-B8
H8 PG2 DSP RST* U405-G9
F6 PG1 ROSC/PSC CE* J501-12
H7 PG0 SYN SEL* J501-11
B6 R/W* U405-D9
A5 ECLK (1.8432 MHz) U206-A4
E8 XIRQ* R233
E7 IRQ* U206-E2
A6 EXTAL 7.3728 MHz Y201
A7 XTAL Q205C
Description To/Fr o m
U206-B3
Table 3-7. U206 (SLIC)
U206 Pin #
F3 PH0 N/C
F4 PH1 N/C
F2 PH2 N/C
H1 PH3 N/C
G3 PH4 N/C
H2 PH5 INT PTT* J501-30
H3 PH6 EMC REQ J801-11
K2 PH7 LOCK DET* J501-10
B4 PJ0 MOB IRQ* J501-26
D5 PJ1 VIP IN2 J501-25
A5 RS232 DATA OUT J501-43
Description To / F r o m
U206-H2
U302-41 CR502
B6 PJ3 CTSOUT* J501-5
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 84
3-34 Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board
Table 3-7. U206 (SLIC) (Continued)
U206 Pin #
A6 PJ4 R268
C6 PJ5 OPT SEL2 (KEYLOAD*) R237
A7 PJ6 VIP IN1 J501-24
D6 PJ7 EMC EN* J801-10
C9 POR* U409-2
E4 HC11RST*/RESET* U204-E5
C4 OE* U201-25
B3 R/W* U405-D9
E5 BOOTSTRAP* U204-H4
A2 MEM R/W* U201-29
E3 AV*/CSPROG* U204-E6
Description To/ F r om
U201-31
U202-22 U205-32 U210-32
U204-B6
U202-27
G1 CE*/CS101* U204-G8
G2 SCNSLB R252
K5 ROM1CS* U205-30
F5 ROM2CS* U210-30
J4 EE1CS* U201-22
J8 KEYFAIL* J801-15
J501-21
B2 RS232 DATA IN J501-50
J2 BOOT DATA IN J501-17 U204-
J7
A3 4XECLK U204-B7
A4 ECLK U204-A5
J3 VIP OUT2 J501-23
G4 SPKREN* J501-44
K8 BUSY OUT* J501-19
G9 TXPA EN* J501-14
F8 5V EN* J501-15
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 85
Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board 3-35
Table 3-7. U206 (SLIC) (Continued)
U206 Pin #
G7 MICEN J501-45
J9 B+ CNTL U409-2
E7 VIP OUT1 J501-22
K7 CS3B EMC MAKEUP* J801-12
G6 CS2B RAM SEL* U211-2
J7 CS1B HEN* U405-E8
G8 DISP EN*/LATCH SEL* J601-4
H9 RED LED N/C
E8 GRN LED N/C
E2 IRQ* U204-E7
Description To / F r o m
Q206B
Table 3-8. VOCON U405 (DSP)
U405 Pin #
C1 PS* U404-6 U406-D8
C3 DS*
A3 RD* U404-32 U406-F8
C4 WR* U404-7 U406-G10
B3 X/Y*
A4 BR* R411
B4 BG*/BS* R432
H10 MODA/IRQA* U204-G4 U406-F10
H9 MODB/IRQB* U406-F9
J8 XTAL R415
K9 EXTAL U406-G9 (DCLK)
A2 STO U406-H1
C5 SRO U406-L3
B6 SCK U406-G3
Description To/From
B2 SC2 U406-H2
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 86
3-36 Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board
Table 3-8. VOCON U405 (DSP) (Continued)
U405 Pin #
B5 SC1 U406-J4
B9 SC0 U406-K4
C6 SCLK U204-G3
A7 TXD/EMC RXD J801-3
B7 RXD/EMC TXD J801-4
G9 RESET/DSP RST* U204-H8
E10 HACK* R409
B19 HREQ* U204-H3
E8 HEN* U206-J7
D9 HR/W* U204-B6
Description To/From
U406-C9
Table 3-9. VOCON U406 (ADSIC)
U406 Pin #
D8 PS* U404-6
G10 WR* U405-C4
F8 RD* U405-A3
J9 RSEL U403-J3
G2 TP1 R407
G1 TP2 N/C
A4 AB1 R402
B8 SEL*/ADSIC SEL* U204-F7
A8 RST*/ADSIC RST* U204-G7
F10 IRQA/IRQA* U204-G4
Description To / F r o m
U405-C1
U404-7 U402/3/14-K2
U404-32 U402/3/14-K6
U414-K3
U405-H10
F9 IRQB/IRQB* 8 kHz U405-H9
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 87
Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board 3-37
Table 3-9. VOCON U406 (ADSIC) (Continued)
U406 Pin #
F2 SSW/EPS* U404-30
C9 SCLK/SPI SCK U204-G5
C10 SPO/MOSI J501-9
C1 MA1 U501-39
B5 SDO U501-40
B1 VRO REFMOD J501-48
B2 MODIN J501-49
L3 RXD SRO 2.4 MHz U405-C5
J4 RFS SC1 U405-B5
K4 SCKR SCO U405-B9
H1 TXD STO U405-A2
H2 TFS SC2 48 kHz U405-B2
Description To/ F rom
J501-8 J801-9
J801-8
G3 SCKT SCK 1.2 MHz U405-B6
C8 DA4 BNK2 U404-10
C3 DA7B BNK1 U404-11
B6 DA7A BNK0 U404-5
J1 N/C
J2 N/C
K1 N/C
K2 N/C
H3 DIN*/DOUT* J501-1
K3 DIN/DOUT J501-2
F3 IDC ODC 2.4 MHz J501-7
J3 SBI J501-6
C7 XTL 33 MHz Y401
C6 EXTL Y401
K9 OSC* CR402
G9 DCLK U405-K9
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 88
3-38 Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board
3.4 ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board
This section of the theory of operation provides a detailed circuit description of an ASTRO Digital Spectra Plus Vocoder/Controller (VOCON) Board. When reading the Theory of Operation, refer to your appropriate schematic and component location diagrams located in “Chapter 7. Schematics,
Component Location Diagrams, and Parts Lists” of this manual. This detailed Theory of Operation
will help isolate the problem to a particular component. However, first use the ASTRO Digital Spectra and Digital Spectra Plus Mobile Radios Basic Service Manual to troubleshoot the problem to a particular board.
NOTE: The information in this subsection applies to the Plus VOCON Board. Refer to Section
3.3, "ASTRO Spectra VOCON Board," on page 3-15 for information on the ASTRO Spectra
VOCON (non Plus) board.
3.4.1 General
The ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON board consists of two subsystems; the vocoder and the controller. Although these two subsystems share the same printed circuit board and work closely together, it helps to keep their individual functionality separate in describing the operation of the radio. The controller section is the central interface between the various subsystems of the radio. It is very similar to the digital logic portion of the controllers on many existing Motorola radios. Its main task is to interpret user input, provide user feedback, and schedule events in the radio operation, which includes programming ICs (Integrated Circuits), steering the activities of the DSP (Digital Signal Processor), and sending messages to the display through the control head. The vocoder section performs functions previously performed by analog circuitry. This includes all tone signaling, trunking signaling, and conventional analog voice, etc. All analog signal processing is done digitally utilizing a DSP56600. In addition it provides a digital voice plus data capability utilizing IMBE voice compression algorithms. Vocoder is a general term used to refer to these DSP based systems and is short for voice encoder. In addition, the ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON board provides the interconnection between the MCU (microcontroller unit), DSP, command board, and UCM (Universal Encryption Module) on secure-equipped radios.
3.4.2 ASTRO Spectra Plus Controller Section
Refer to Figure 3-14 and your specific schematic diagram located in Chapter 7.
The controller section of the ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON board consists entirely of digital logic comprised of a microcontroller unit core (Patriot IC-U300), and memory consisting of: SRAM (U302), and FLASH ROM (U301). The Patriot IC is a dual-core processor that contains a DSP56600 core, a MCore 210 microcontroller core and custom peripherals. Note: When the Controller Section references the MCU, it will be referencing the Mcore 210 inside the Patriot IC (U300).
The MCU (U300) memory system is comprised of a 256k x 16 SRAM (U302) and a 2M x 16 FLASH ROM (U301). The MCU also contains 22.5k x 32 of internal SRAM. The FLASH ROM contains the programs that the Patriot IC executes, and is used to store customer specific information and radio personality features (i.e. codeplug information). The FLASH ROM allows the controller firmware to be reprogrammed for future software upgrades or feature enhancements. The SRAM is used for scratchpad memory during program execution.
The controller performs the programming of all peripheral ICs. This is done via a serial peripheral interface (SPI) bus, and through General Purpose Input/Outputs (GPIO) from the Patriot IC. ICs programmed through these interfaces include the Synthesizer, Prescaler, DAIC, and KRSIC (U200) and ADDAG (U201).
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 89
Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board 3-39
In addition to the SPI bus, the controller also maintains two asynchronous serial busses; the SB9600 bus and an RS232 serial bus. The SB9600 bus is for interfacing the controller section to different hardware option boards, some of which may be external to the radio. The RS232 is used as a common data interface for external devices.
User input from the control head is sent to the controller through SB9600 bus messages. Feedback to the user is provided by the display on the control head. The display is 2-line 14 characters on the W3 model, 8 characters on W4, W5, and W7 models; and 11 characters on the W9 model.
The controller schedules the activities of the DSP through the host port interface, which is internal to the Patriot IC (the MCU and DSP are both contained within the Patriot IC). This includes setting the operational modes and parameters of the DSP. The controlling of the DSP is similar to programming analog signaling ICs on standard analog radios.
FLASH
Command Board
Command Board
ADDAG
ADDAG
Encryption Board SRAM
Encryption Board SRAM
KRSIC
KRSIC
SPI
SPI
SSI
SSI
GPIO
GPIO
PATRIOT
PATRIOT
U300
U300
Address/Data/
Address/Data/ Control
Control
22.5k x 32
22.5k x 32 SRAM
SRAM
DSP 56600
DSP 56600
FLASH
U301
U301
2M x 16
2M x 16
U302
U302
256k x 16
256k x 16
Figure 3-14. ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board - Controller Section
3.4.3 ASTRO Spectra Plus Vocoder Section
Refer to Figure 3-15 and your specific schematic diagram in Chapter 7.
The vocoder section of the ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON board is made up of a digital signal processor (DSP) core, 84Kx24 Program RAM, 2Kx24 Program ROM, and 62Kx16 Data RAM, which are all integrated into the Patriot IC (U300). The vocoder also contains the KRSIC (U200) and ADDAG (U201).
The FLASH ROM (U301) contains both the program code executed by the DSP and the controller firmware. As with the FLASH ROM used in the controller section, the FLASH ROM is reprogrammable so new features and algorithms can be updated in the field as they become available. Depending on the mode and operation of the DSP, corresponding program code is moved from the FLASH ROM into the faster SRAM, where it is executed at the full bus rate.
The KRSIC and ADDAG IC's are the support IC's for the DSP. In the receive mode, the KRSIC (U200) acts as an interface to the ABACUS IC, which can provide data samples directly to the DSP for processing. In the transmit mode, the ADDAG (U201) provides a serial digital-to-analog (D/A) converter. The ADDAG (U201) also has a function in receive mode for special applications. The data generated by the DSP is filtered and reconstructed as an analog signal to present a modulation signal to the VCO (voltage-controlled oscillator). Both the transmit and receive data paths between the DSP and ADDAG are through the DSP SSI port.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 90
3-40 Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board
When transmitting, the microphone audio is passed from the command board to the MC145483 CODEC (U402), which incorporates an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter to translate the analog waveform to a data stream. The data is made available to the DSP through the Serial Audio Port (SAP) of the Patriot IC. In the converse way, the DSP writes speaker data samples to a D/A in the CODEC (U402) through the SAP. The CODEC (U402) provides an analog speaker audio signal to the audio power amplifier on the command board.
Command Board
Figure 3-15. ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board - Vocoder Section
PATRIOT
U300
SPI
SSI - BBP
GPIO
KRSIC ADDAG CODEC
ABACUS
Interface
Modulation
Out
Address/Data/ Control
22.5k x 32 SRAM
DSP 56600
SSI - SAP
Speaker
D/A
FLASH
U301
2M x 16
SRAM
U302
256k x 16
Mic A/D
Encryption
Board
Command
Board
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 91
Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board 3-41
_
_
3.4.4 ASTRO Spectra Plus RX Signal Path
The vocoder processes all received signals digitally. This requires a unique back end from a standard analog radio. This unique functionality is provided by the ABACUS IC with the KRSIC (U200) acting as the interface to the DSP. The ABACUS IC located on the transceiver board provides a digital back-end for the receiver section. It provides a digital output of I (In phase) and Q (Quadrature) data words at a 20 kHz sampling rate (refer to the Receiver Back-End section for more details on ABACUS operation). This data is passed to the DSP through an interface with the KRSIC (U200) for appropriate processing. The KRSIC interface to the ABACUS is comprised of the four signals SBI, DIN, DIN*, and ODC (refer to Figure 3-16).
PATRIOT
U300
DSP 56600
SAP BBP
SCKA
STDA
SC2A
512 kHz
8 kHz
Data
MCLK
DR
FSR
GPIO
SC0B
SRDB
SC1B
CODEC
U402
RO_NEG
800 KHz
Serial Receive Data
20 kHz
SDO
Command
D0-D7,
RS0-RS4
ABA_CLK
ABA_RXD
ABA_FSYNC
Board
J501-40
KRSIC
U200
RXData
RXData
RXODC
HI
LO
ABACUS II
Interface
SBI
Data In
Data In*
ODC
J501-6RXSBI
J501-2
J501-1
J501-7
Figure 3-16. ASTRO Spectra Plus RX Mode
NOTE: An asterisk symbol (*) next to a signal name indicates a negative or NOT logic true signal.
ODC is a clock ABACUS provides to the KRSIC. Most internal KRSIC functions are clocked by this ODC signal at a rate of 2.4 MHz and is available as soon as power is supplied to the circuitry. This signal may initially be 2.4 or 4.8 MHz after power-up. It is programmed by the KRSIC through the SBI signal to 2.4 MHz when the KRSIC is initialized by the MCU (in the Patriot IC) through GPIO. SBI is a programming data line for the ABACUS. This line is used to configure the operation of the ABACUS and is driven by the KRSIC. The MCU programs many of the KRSIC operational features through the GPIO interface. When the KRSIC is programmed properly by the MCU, the KRSIC in turn sends this data to the ABACUS through the SBI.
DIN and DIN* are the data lines on which the I and Q data words are transferred from the ABACUS. These signals make up a differentially encoded current loop. Instead of sending TTL type voltage signals, the data is transferred by flowing current one way or the other through the loop. This helps to reduce internally generated spurious emissions on the RF board. There are single-ended driver circuits between the ABACUS and the KRSIC, which are used to convert the differential current driven by the ABACUS. After the driver circuits, the I and Q samples are detected and transferred to a serial transmitter.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 92
3-42 Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board
The DSP accesses this data through its SSI port. The SSI port is used by the DSP for both transmit and receive data transferal, but only the receive functions will be discussed in this section. The KRSIC transfers the data to the DSP on the SRDB line at a rate of 1.2 MHz. This is clocked synchronously by the KRSIC which provides a 1.2 MHz clock on SC0B. In addition, a 20 kHz interrupt is provided on SC1B, signaling the arrival of a data packet. This means the I and Q sample data packets are available to the DSP at a 20 kHz rate which represents the sampling rate of the received data. The DSP then processes this data to extract audio, signaling, etc. based on the 20 kHz interrupt.
Speaker audio is processed by the DSP (in the Patriot IC), which outputs the audio data words to the speaker D/A inside the CODEC (U402), and an analog waveform is generated on the SDO (Speaker Data Out) line. In conjunction with the speaker D/A, the CODEC (U402) has the ability to attenuate the receive analog output, using three data bits which provide programmable attenuation to set the rough signal attenuation.
For secure messages, the digital signal data must be passed to the secure module for decryption prior to DSP processing of the speaker data. The DSP transfers the data to and from the secure module through it's SSI port consisting of TXD and RXD. The secure module communicates with the DSP through its SPI bus, therefore a SSI to SPI conversion circuit is on the ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON board to ensure communication between the DSP and the secure module. Configuration and mode control of the secure module is performed by the MCU through the SSI/SPI bus.
The CODEC presents the analog speaker audio to the command board's audio power amplifier, which drives the external speaker. For more information on this subject, refer to Section
3.2, "Command Board," on page 3-8.
Since all of the audio and signaling is processed in DSP software algorithms, all types of audio and signaling follow this same path. There is, however, one exception. Low-speed trunking data is processed by the host uP through the SCLK port of the DSP. The DSP extracts the low-speed data from the received signal and relays it to the host uP for processing.
3.4.5 ASTRO Spectra Plus TX Signal Path
The transmit signal path (refer to Figure 3-17) follows some of the same design structure as the receive signal path described in Section 3.4.4, "ASTRO Spectra Plus RX Signal Path," on page 3-41.
PATRIOT
U300
DSP 56600
SAP BBP
SCKA
SRDA
SC2A
512 kHz
Data
8 kHz
MCLK
DT
FSR
SCKB
STDB
SC2B
CODEC
U402
2.4 MHz
Serial TX Data
48 kHz
TG
ADDAG
SCK
STD
D/A
Conv.
Gain / Attenuation
Stages
U400,401,404
U201
OUTQB
OUTQ
FMOUTSFS
MOD OUT J501-49
REF MOD J501-48
U202
MAI J501-39
Figure 3-17. ASTRO Spectra Plus TX Mode
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 93
Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board 3-43
The analog microphone signal from the command board is passed to the ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON on MAI (Mic Audio In). This signal passes through gain and attenuation stages so that the correct amplitude level of the audio is presented to the CODEC input. The CODEC contains a microphone A/D. The microphone A/D converts the analog signal to a digital data stream and transmits them to the SAP of the Patriot IC. The DSP accesses this data through this port. As with the speaker data samples, the DSP reads the microphone samples from registers mapped into its memory space.
As with the received trunking low-speed data, low speed transmit data is processed by the MCU and returned to the DSP. For secure messages, the digital signal data may be passed to the secure module prior to DSP processing before the ADDAG IC. The DSP transfers the data to and from the secure module through it's SSI port consisting of TXD and RXD. The secure module communicates with the DSP through its SPI bus, therefore a SSI to SPI conversion circuit is on the ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON board to ensure communication between the DSP and the secure module. Configuration and mode control of the secure module is performed by the MCU through the SSI / SPI bus.
The DSP processes these microphone samples, generates and mixes the appropriate signaling, and filters the resultant data. This data is then transferred to the ADDAG IC on the DSP BBP (Baseband Port) - SSI port. The transmit side of the SSI port consists of SC2B, SCKB, and STDB. The DSP BBP-SSI port is a synchronous serial port. SCKB is the 2.4 MHz clock input derived from the ADDAG, which makes it synchronous. The data is clocked over to the ADDAG on STDB at a
2.4 MHz rate. The ADDAG generates a 48 kHz interrupt on SC2B so that a new sample data packet is transferred at a 48 kHz rate, which sets the transmit data sampling rate at 48Ksp.
Within the ADDAG IC, these samples are then input to a transmit D/A, which converts the data to an analog waveform. This waveform is the modulation out signal from the ADDAG ports, FMOUT, OUTQ, and OUTQB. FMOUT is single-ended, while OUTQ and OUTQB form a differential pair. This pair is then sent to an Op-Amp (U202), which outputs a single-ended waveform. FMOUT is passed through an Op-Amp (U202) for attenuation. These signals are both sent to the command board, where they go through a gain stage and then to the VCO and Synthesizer. MODOUT is used primarily for audio frequency modulation; REFMOD is used to compensate for low-frequency response to pass subaudible modulated signals (such as PL).
3.4.6 ASTRO Spectra Plus Controller Bootstrap and Asynchronous Busses
The SB9600 bus (see Figure 3-18) is an asynchronous serial communication bus, utilizing a Motorola proprietary protocol. It provides a means for the MCU to communicate with other hardware devices. In the ASTRO Digital Spectra Plus radio, it communicates with hardware accessories connected to the accessory connector and the remote interface board.
The SB9600 bus utilizes the UART internal to the MCU, operating at 9600 baud. The SB9600 bus consists of LH / TX_Data (J501-18), LH / RX_Data (J501-17), and BUSY_RTS (J501-20) signals. LH / TX_Data and LH / RX_Data are the UTXD1 (K11) and URXD1 (K12) ports of the Patriot IC (U300), respectively. BUSY_RTS (U300-URTS1- L16) is an active-low signal, which is pulled low when a device wants control of the bus.
The same UART internal to the MCU is used in the controller bootstrap mode of operation. This mode is used primarily in downloading new program code to the FLASH ROM (U301) on the VOCON board. In this mode, the MCU accepts special code downloaded at 115k baud through the UART instead of operating from program code resident in its ROMs.
A voltage greater than 11 Vdc applied to J501-31 (Vpp) will trip the circuit comprising VR304, Q300, and U307. This circuit sets the MOD pin (J1) of the MCU to bootstrap mode (logic 1). A voltage greater than 7 Vdc applied to J501-31 (Vpp) will trip the circuit comprising VR305 and Q302. This will not put the MCU in Bootstrap mode, but the software will detect this using pin PA7 (G11), which will allow the user to interface with the Customer Programming Software, Tuner, and Flashport.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 94
3-44 Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board
The ASTRO Digital Spectra Plus radio has an additional asynchronous serial bus, which utilizes the RS232 bus protocol. This bus utilizes the secondary UART in the Patriot IC (U300). It consists of TX / RS232 (J501-43), RX / RS232 (J501-50), CTS / RS232 (J501-5), and RTS / RS232 (J501-42). It is a four-wire duplex bus used to connect to external data devices.
PATRIOT
U300
Busy_RTS J501-20
LH / TX_Data J501-18
LH / RX_Data J501-17
TX / RS232 J501-43
RX / RS232 J501-50
CTS / RS232J501-5
RTS / RS232 J501-42
Figure 3-18. ASTRO Spectra Plus Host SB9600 and RS232 Ports
URTS1
UTXD1
URXD1
UTXD2
URXD2
UCTS2
URTS2
3.4.7 ASTRO Spectra Plus Serial Peripheral Interface Bus
This bus is a synchronous serial bus made up of a data, a clock, and an individual IC unique select line. Its primary purpose is to configure the operating state of each IC. ICs programmed by this include: ADDAG, Synthesizer, Prescaler, and the DAIC.
The MCU within the Patriot IC (U300) is configured as the master of the bus. It provides the synchronous clock (SPI_SCK), a select line, and data (MOSI [Master Out Slave In]). In general the appropriate select line is pulled low to enable the target IC and the data is clocked in. The SPI bus is a duplex bus with the return data being clocked in on MISO (Master In Slave Out). The only place this is used is when communicating with the ADDAG. In this case, the return data is clocked back to the MCU on MISO (master in slave out).
Primary UART
Secondary UART
3.4.8 ASTRO Spectra Plus MCU and DSP System Clocks
The MCU within the Patriot IC (U300) needs two clocks for proper operation. A 16.8 MHz sine-wave reference is provided at the CKIH (A6) pin of the Patriot IC (U300). The source of this clock is a
16.8 MHz oscillator (Y400), and its associated filtering circuitry. This clock is also provided to the KRSIC (U200), and the ADDAG IC (U201). The MCU has the capability of running at higher clock rates, which are programmable and based on this 16.8 MHz reference. The DSP within the Patriot IC (U300) also uses the 16.8 MHz provided at the CKIH (A6) pin as a reference.
The Patriot IC (U300) also requires a 32 kHz square-wave clock, provided at the CKIL (J7) pin. This clock is generated by a 32 kHz crystal (Y401), with supporting circuitry for oscillation. This clock is utilized only for the Patriot IC (U300), and is used for reset capability and other Patriot IC (U300) functions.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 95
Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board 3-45
3.4.9 ASTRO Spectra Plus Voltage Regulators
The ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON board contains two voltage regulators, a 3-V regulator (U411) and a 1.8-V regulator (U410). SW+5-V, which is routed to the ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON board from the command board, drives the two regulators. Figure 3-19 shows the DC distribution for the ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board.
ON
ON Semiconductor
Semiconductor LP2951
LP2951
5V
5V
ON
ON Semiconductor
Semiconductor LP2951
LP2951
V = 1.8V
V = 1.8V
V = 3.0 V
V = 3.0 V
PATRIOT
PATRIOT Core, EIM
Core, EIM
PATRIOT
PATRIOT Buses
Buses
SSI,SPI,UART
SSI,SPI,UART
MC145483
MC145483
CODEC
CODEC
Voltage
Voltage
Conversion
Conversion
block
block
Clock Gen
Clock Gen
buffers
buffers
EEPOTs
EEPOTs
MAX5160
MAX5160
Secure
Secure SSI to SPI
SSI to SPI conversion
conversion circuitry
circuitry
2M x 16
2M x 16 FLASH
FLASH
16.8 MHz
16.8 MHz Ref Osc
Ref Osc
ADDAG
ADDAG
USB
USB
256 x 16
256 x 16 SRAM
SRAM
KRSIC
KRSIC
SW_5V
SW_5V
(from RPCIC
(from RPCIC
on command
on command
board)
board)
5V
5V
Audio/
Audio/ Modulation
Modulation OP amps
OP amps
Voltage
Voltage Conversion
Conversion block
block
USB/RS232
USB/RS232
quad
quad mux
mux
Figure 3-19. ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON DC Distribution
U410 and U411 are on Semiconductor LP2951CD adjustable regulators. The output voltage of these regulators is determined by the resistive divider network between the regulator output and the error amplifier feedback input. The LP2951 has error output lines which are open collector and requires a pull up resistor (R332). The error line is high when the output voltage is high and low otherwise. U412 is a 4.2-V detect circuit for the SW_5-V line. The output of this detector is tied to the error outputs of the LP2951 regulators as a low voltage detect (LV_detect ) circuit. C438 provides delay on the LV_detect line during startup. This is to allow all regulators to settle prior to Patriot U300 coming out of reset.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 96
3-46 Theory of Operation: ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON Board
3.4.10 ASTRO Spectra Plus Radio Power-Up/Power-Down Sequence
The radio power-up sequence begins when the user actuates the control head's on/off switch. The control head then produces the switched B+ (SWB+) output voltage which is routed to the command board. Upon sensing the SWB+ voltage, the command board circuitry powers on the 9.6V and the SW +5-V regulated supplies. The ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON board contains two voltage regulators, a 3-V regulator (U411) and a 1.8-V regulator (U410). The SW+5-V from the command board is routed to the ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON board via connector P501, and drives the two regulators. When SW+5-V increases above 4.2 V and after a delay time chosen by C438, the voltage detector (U412) disables the power-on reset to the Patriot IC (U300), enabling the device.
When the MCU comes out of reset, it fetches the reset vector in ROM at $FFFE, $FFFF and begins to execute the code this vector points to. Among other things it enables the correct memory map for the MCU. It configures all the transceiver devices on the SPI bus. The MCU then pulls the ADDAG and KRSIC out of reset. It then configures the ADDAG through the SPI bus configuring among other things, the DSP memory map. While this is happening, the DSP is fetching code from the FLASH (U301) into internal RAM and beginning to execute it. It then waits for a message from the MCU that the ADDAG has been configured, before going on.
During this process, the MCU does power diagnostics. These diagnostics include verifying the MCU system RAM and verifying the data stored in the FLASH ROM. The MCU queries the DSP for proper status and the results of DSP self tests. The DSP self tests include testing the system RAM and verifying the program code. Any failures cause the appropriate error codes to be sent to the display. If everything is OK, the appropriate radio state is configured and the unit waits for user input.
On power-down, the user actuates the radio's on/off switch, removing the SW_B+ signal from the ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON board. The host processor, after polling ROW3 (G2) and acknowledging the signal loss, begins the power-down sequence. Since the host holds the 9.6-V/ 5V_EN (enable) line active by controlling the state of the ROW5 / 5_EN line at P501, pin 15, this does not immediately remove power. The host then saves pertinent radio status data to the external FLASH (U301). Once this is done, the ROW5 / 5V_EN line is released (brought to logical 1), turning off 9.6-V and the SW+5-V regulators on the command board. When the SW_+5-V slumps to about
4.2 Vdc, the voltage detector (U412) on the ASTRO Spectra Plus VOCON board activates the system reset to the Patriot IC (U300). This turns off the host processor.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 97
Theory of Operation: Voltage Control Oscillator 3-47
3.5 Voltage Control Oscillator
This section of the theory of operation provides a detailed circuit description of voltage control oscillator (VCO). When reading the Theory of Operation, refer to your appropriate schematic and component location diagrams located in “Chapter 7. Schematics, Component Location Diagrams,
and Parts Lists”. This detailed Theory of Operation will help isolate the problem to a particular
component. However, first use the ASTRO Digital Spectra and Digital Spectra Plus Mobile Radios Basic Service Manual to troubleshoot the problem to a particular board.
3.5.1 VHF Band
3.5.1.1 General
The frequency injection string consists of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) constructed on a ceramic substrate and amplifier and divider stages located on the PC board. The components associated with the PC board may be repaired by conventional methods while the VCO substrate should be replaced as a unit.
3.5.1.2 DC Voltage Supplies
The 9.6-V supply enters the VCO carrier board at P601-2. It powers the receiver amplifier (Q675) and its associated biasing components. The keyed 9.4-V supply enters the carrier board at J601-5, but only during the transmit mode. K9.4 powers the divider (Q681), and the buffer amplifiers (Q682, Q683). The 8.6-V supply enters through P601-12 and passes to MP652, MP653, and MP654 on the VCO substrate. The 8.6 V supplies the output buffer on the VCO substrate, and supplies Q642 and 0643, the PIN diode drivers.
3.5.1.3 VCO
The VCO utilizes a common-gate FET in a Colpitts configuration as the gain device. The LC tank circuit's capacitive portion consists of a varactor bank and a laser-trimmed stub capacitor. The inductive portion consists of microstrip transmission-line resonators. The stub capacitor serves to tune out build variations. Tuning is performed at the factory and is not field adjustable. The varactor network changes the oscillator frequency when the DC voltage of the steering line changes. The microstrip transmission lines are shifted in and out of the tank by PIN diodes for coarse frequency jumps. The varactor bank consists of CR644 CR645 and L648. The positive steering line connects to the cathodes of both varactors through L3647, an RF choke. This line is normally between 0.5 and
8.5 Vdc, depending on the frequency programmed in the synthesizer. The negative steering line connects to the anodes of the varactors through L646 and is normally 3.9 (±0.3) Vdc.
Diode CR643, a third varactor tapped into the main transmission line resonator, modulates the oscillator during transmit. The 8.6 Vdc supplies bias to the cathode. Modulation is coupled to the anode through C639, R636, C636, and R3637, which also provide filtering and attenuation to the modulation path.
Components CR646, C668, and R655 provide automatic gain control for the FET. A hot carrier diode, CR3646, detects the peak RF voltage swings on the source of the FET. A negative voltage, proportional to the magnitude of the RF voltage swing, is applied to the gate of the FET, thereby lowering its gain and accomplishing automatic gain control. Typical DC value of the gate bias is -0.8 to -1.7 V, depending on the state of the oscillator.
PIN diodes, CR640, CR641, and CR642, serve to couple secondary transmission lines into and out of the main oscillator tank, depending on which range the VCO is operating. AUX 1* controls CR642 and CR643; AUX 2* controls CR3640. When AUX 1* goes high, Q643 turns off and a reverse-bias voltage of about 8.6 Vdc is applied to the PIN diodes to turn them off. When AUX1* goes low, Q643 turns on and a forward-bias current of about 15mA is supplied to the PIN diodes to turn them on. The other PIN diode driver network operates similarly
.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 98
3-48 Theory of Operation: Voltage Control Oscillator
The VCO output is coupled through C672 to Q645 to amplify the signal and provide load isolation for the VCO. The collector voltage of Q645 is normally about 5 Vdc.
3.5.1.4 Synthesizer Feedback
The synthesizer locks the VCO on frequency by the VCO feedback to the prescaler IC on the RF board. The output of the VCO goes into a low-pass filter consisting of C685, L676, and C687. After it is filtered, the signal splits into three directions - the majority of which passes to the RX buffer through a 2db attenuator. A smaller portion of the signal passes through C679 to the divider. Finally, another small portion of the signal is fed back to the RF board through C676 to P601 -1. Although on a DC connector, P601 -1 is an RF-sensitive node. To measure the synthesizer feedback power, use a high-impedance probe, or operate the VCO in an external fixture.
3.5.1.5 RX Buffer Circuitry
After the low-pass filtering state, VCO power is attenuated 2dB by R678, R680, and R679. The RX buffer is a 50-ohm in-and-out stage that uses L681 and C689 for the input match and C691, L678, C692, and R699 for the output match. The 9.6 Vdc supplies the RX buffer for a gain of about 10db. Components R677 and C686 help to filter out some of the 9.6-V supply's noise from the RX buffer. Transistors Q677, Q678, and associated resistors set the bias level of the RX buffer device, Q675. The collector voltage and current should be near 6.6 V and 29 mA, respectively. Resistor R682 feeds the base of 0675 while L677 is used as the collector choke; R681, C690, and C688 are added to increase stability. The cable from the RX frontend is plugged into J642.
3.5.1.6 Frequency Divider and TX Buffer Circuitry
During transmit, the VCO oscillates at twice the transmit frequency. A frequency-divider circuit following the VCO buffer divides the VCO's output frequency by two. The circuit is known as a "regenerative frequency divider" in which a mixer and a feedback amplifier are used to divide the frequency of the input signal. The divider circuit consists of transformers T601 and T602, diodes CR601, CR602, amplifier Q681, and the associated bias circuitry. The divider action of this circuit can be understood by tracing the signal through the circuit as follows: The 300 MHz range signal from the VCO buffer is fed into the primary of T602. Note that T602, T601, and diodes CR601 and CR602 form a balanced mixer. (CR601 and CR602 are actually two diodes in one SOT-23 package.) To analyze the frequency division action of the circuit, it must be assumed that the divided output frequency of 150 MHz already exists at the secondary of T601. This 150 MHz signal passes through the low-pass filter consisting of L661, L662, and C651. The 150 MHz signal is now at the input of the amplifier device, Q681. The amplified 150 MHz signal is now applied back into the balanced mixer by the center tap of T601. The difference frequency of the two applied signals (300 MHz and 150 MHz) is 150 MHz, which is half the VCO's frequency. The difference frequency is output through the secondary of T601 where it had been previously assumed to exist. This completes the feedback loop.
The 150 MHz signal is tapped off of the emitter resistor of Q681 and is amplified by the buffer stage, Q682. Transistor Q683 amplifies the signal to 10dBm, which is the level required by the power amplifier. The signal passes through a low-pass filter before exiting the board through J641.
3.5.2 UHF Band
3.5.2.1 General
The VCO is located on an alumina substrate with a metallic cover. The buffer-doubler-buffer section is located on the PC board and may be repaired using normal repair methods.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Page 99
Theory of Operation: Voltage Control Oscillator 3-49
3.5.2.2 Super Filter 8.6 V
Super-filtered 8.6 V enters the carrier board at J601-12, through an R-C filter, then on to the drain of Q9610 and the collector of Q9635.
3.5.2.3 VCO
The oscillator consists of Q9610, the main transmission line (T-line), varactor bank (CR9616-9617, C9616-9617, L9616) and feedback capacitors (C9611-9613). Components CR9610, C9614, and R9613 form an AGC circuit to prevent breakdown of the FET. Components CR9626 and C9626 form a bandshift circuit to shift the oscillator frequency up 50 MHz; C9630-9631 and CR9630 form the Receive shift circuit which shifts the VCO up 50 MHz. The main modulation circuit consists of C9621 and CR9621 in conjunction with the deviation compensating capacitors (C9622 and C9623). Finally, transistor (Q9635), resistors (R9635-9639), and capacitors (C9635-9636, C9638) form the output buffer.
This VCO utilizes both a positive and negative steering line. The SL- should be -4.O V (±.3 V) at all times. The SL+ will range from 1 to 8 V, depending on frequency and AUX bits.
3.5.2.4 Receive Mode (AUX2* Low)
When AUX2* input is low, the receive pin diode, CR9630, is forward biased by 8.6-V supply thru Q5650 and R5652. This current is then sunk into the RF board thru R5654. At this time the voltage divider output of R5649, R5651, and R5653 will keep Q5651 turned off.
3.5.2.5 Transmit Mode (AUX2* High)
When AUX2* is high (8.4 V), Q5650 will be off and Q5651 will be on. This puts -8 V on the anode of CR9630 and +8.4 V on its cathode. With approximately 16-V reverse bias on the diode, the receive bandshift T-line is removed from the circuit.
3.5.2.6 Bandshift Circuit
R9625, C9625, L9628, and C9628 form a bandshift circuit which shifts the frequency of the oscillator slightly. There is one bandshift in receive and one in transmit. The circuitry works similar to the receive pin circuitry but with the cathode of CR9626 returned to ground. This results in a maximum of 8-V reverse bias on this diode.
3.5.2.7 Output Buffer
Transistor (Q9635), resistors (R9635-9639), and capacitors (C9635-9636, C9638) form a simple common-emitter buffer to provide isolation to the VCO and an output power of +10 dBm.
3.5.2.8 First Buffer
The VCO output is coupled to the first buffer via blocking capacitor (C5661), resistive pads (R5661 and R5662), and a high-pass filter (L5660 and C5662). Q5660 is a self-biased, common-emitter amplifier which provides approximately + 10 dBm drive to the doubler as well as reverse isolation to the VC0.
68P81076C25-C July 1, 2002
Page 100
3-50 Theory of Operation: Voltage Control Oscillator
3.5.2.9 Doubler
The first buffer output is coupled to the input of the doubler by C5663. Q5660 doubles the drive frequency and increases power by approximately 3 dB as a result of the high and low impedances presented to its collector at the doubled frequency and drive frequency, respectively. The collector impedances are presented by an elliptical high-pass filter (C5670-C5674, L5670, and L5671). The filter is terminated in a resistive pad (R5676-R5678) which also serves to terminate one end of the elliptical low-pass filter (C5675, C5677, and L5672-L5674). In addition to filtering, the low-pass filter provides part of the impedance match required between the resistive pad and the second buffer. The remaining impedance match is accomplished with L5680 and C5680, configured to provide additional high-pass selectivity.
3.5.2.10 Synthesizer Feedback
The base of Q5680 provides the tap location for the synthesizer feedback buffer. C5685-C5686 and L5681 provide low-pass filtering. R5630, R5631 and R5632 is a resistive pad. Q5630 provides approximately -5 dBm to the RF board.
3.5.2.11 Second Buffer
The second buffer, Q5680, is a common-emitter amplifier with approximately 12 dB gain. It is biased to 40 mA. with an active current source, Q5681 and R5580-R5587, which ensures saturated operation.
3.5.2.12 Receive/Transmit Switch
In the receive mode where K9.4-V is off, Q5640 conducts current to turn on the part of CR5690 (a dual-common cathode pin diode) that is in series with the receive path, and the part of CR5691 that is in shunt with the transmit path. The output of Q5680 is then coupled to a resistive pad R5697-R5699 which sets the power out of J5642 to approximately +12 dBm.
In the transmit mode, K9.4-V applies 9.4 V to the anode of CR5640, thus turning off Q5640. K9.4-V is also applied to resistors R5688 and R5694 which turn on the parts of CR5690 and CR5691 that are in series with the transmit path. The output of Q5680 is then coupled to a resistive pad (R5689-R5691) which sets the power out of J5641 to approximately +16 dBm.
3.5.3 800 MHz Band
3.5.3.1 General
The VCO is located on an alumina substrate with a metal cover. The buffer-doubler-buffer section is located on the PC board and may be repaired using normal repair methods.
3.5.3.2 Super Filter 8.6 V
Super filter 8.6 V is applied to the VCO carrier board at J601-12. From there, SF8.6 passes to the drain of Q9641, to the emitters of Q9643 and Q9644, and to the collector of Q9642.
3.5.3.3 VCO
Q9641, the main and transmit/TalkAround transmission lines, and the varactors CR9641 through CR9644 form the major circuitry of the oscillator. CR9645, C9648, C9647, and R9641 make up an automatic gain control (AGC) circuit.
July 1, 2002 68P81076C25-C
Loading...
Buy Points How it Works FAQ Contact Us Questions and Suggestions Privacy Policy Cookie Policy Terms of Use