Metrohm tiBase 1.1 User Manual

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tiBase 1.1

Manual

8.101.8050EN

Metrohm AG CH-9100 Herisau Switzerland Phone +41 71 353 85 85 Fax +41 71 353 89 01 info@metrohm.com www.metrohm.com

tiBase 1.1

8.101.8050EN

Manual

09.2012 ek/fpe

Teachware Metrohm AG CH-9100 Herisau teachware@metrohm.com

Although all the information given in this documentation has been checked with great care, errors cannot be entirely excluded. Should you notice any mistakes please send us your comments using the address given above.

Documentation in additional languages can be found on

http://documents.metrohm.com.

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1 Introduction 1

1.1 Welcome to tiBase ................................................................ 1

1.2 Application ............................................................................ 2

1.3 Operation .............................................................................. 2

1.4 Instrument integration ......................................................... 3

1.5 Database ................................................................................ 3

1.6 Communication ..................................................................... 4

1.7 Conformity ............................................................................ 4

1.8 Versions ................................................................................. 5

1.9 Online help ............................................................................ 6

2 General program functions 7

Table of contents

2.1 Program parts ....................................................................... 7

2.1.1 Program parts .......................................................................... 7

2.1.2 Database - User interface ......................................................... 7

2.1.3 Configuration - User interface .................................................. 8

2.2 Login/Password protection .................................................. 8

2.2.1 General information on login / password protection ................ 8

2.2.2 Logging in ............................................................................... 9

2.2.3 Logging out manually ............................................................ 10

2.2.4 Logging out automatically ..................................................... 10

2.2.5 Changing the password ......................................................... 10

2.3 Electronic signatures .......................................................... 11

2.3.1 Rules for electronic signatures ................................................ 11

2.3.2 Procedure for electronic signatures ........................................ 12

2.3.3 Signature Level 1 ................................................................... 13

2.3.4 Signature level 2 .................................................................... 14

2.3.5 Deleting signatures Level 2 .................................................... 16

2.4 Formula editor .................................................................... 17

2.4.1 Input field .............................................................................. 17

2.4.2 Calculation algorithms ........................................................... 18

2.4.3 Variables ............................................................................... 20

2.4.4 Operators/functions ............................................................... 33

2.4.5 Molar mass calculator ............................................................ 67

tiBase 1.1

2.5 Editing ................................................................................. 68

2.5.1 Select date ............................................................................ 68

2.5.2 Text editor ............................................................................. 68

2.5.3 Hyperlink ............................................................................... 69

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III

Table of contents

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3 Configuration 71

3.1 Configuration - General ..................................................... 71

3.1.1 Configuration - Definition ...................................................... 71

3.1.2 Configuration - User interface ................................................ 71

3.1.3 Configuration - Menu bar ...................................................... 72

3.1.4 Configuration - Toolbar ......................................................... 73

3.1.5 Configuration - Subwindows ................................................ 73

3.1.6 Configuration - Functions ...................................................... 74

3.1.7 View ...................................................................................... 75

3.2 Administration .................................................................... 75

3.2.1 User administration ............................................................... 75

3.2.2 Security settings ..................................................................... 83

3.2.3 Program administration ......................................................... 93

3.3 Configuration data ............................................................. 98

3.3.1 Export/import ........................................................................ 98

3.3.2 Back up/restore ................................................................... 100

3.3.3 Options ............................................................................... 102

3.4 Subwindow Import processes ......................................... 104

3.4.1 Import processes - General .................................................. 104

3.4.2 Import processes - Table ...................................................... 105

3.4.3 Import processes - Properties ............................................... 106

3.5 Subwindow Import protocol ........................................... 107

3.5.1 Import protocol - General .................................................... 107

3.5.2 Import protocol - Table ........................................................ 107

3.5.3 Import protocol - Properties ................................................. 109

4 Database 111

4.1 Database - General ........................................................... 111

4.1.1 Database - Definition ........................................................... 111

4.1.2 Database - User interface ..................................................... 111

4.1.3 Database - Menu bar ........................................................... 112

4.1.4 Database - Toolbar .............................................................. 116

4.1.5 Database - Subwindow ........................................................ 117

4.1.6 Database - Functions ........................................................... 118

4.1.7 Views .................................................................................. 119

4.2 Database display .............................................................. 122

4.2.1 Opening a database ............................................................ 122

4.2.2 Selecting a database ............................................................ 123

4.2.3 Displaying a single database ................................................ 124

4.2.4 Displaying databases next to one another ............................ 124

4.2.5 Displaying databases one above the other ........................... 124

4.2.6 Closing a database .............................................................. 124

4.3 Managing databases ........................................................ 125

4.3.1 Managing databases ........................................................... 125

4.3.2 Creating a new database ..................................................... 126

4.3.3 Renaming a database .......................................................... 126

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Table of contents

4.3.4 Deleting a database ............................................................. 127

4.3.5 Database properties ............................................................. 127

4.3.6 Backing up database manually ............................................. 130

4.3.7 Restoring the database ........................................................ 131

4.4 Templates .......................................................................... 133

4.4.1 Report templates ................................................................. 133

4.4.2 Curve overlay templates ....................................................... 169

4.4.3 Templates for control chart .................................................. 174

4.4.4 Export templates ................................................................. 178

4.5 Determination overview .................................................. 206

4.5.1 Determination overview - General ........................................ 206

4.5.2 Determination overview - Functions ..................................... 212

4.6 Subwindow Information .................................................. 257

4.6.1 Information - Overview ....................................................... 257

4.6.2 Information - Determination ............................................... 257

4.6.3 Information - Method ......................................................... 260

4.6.4 Information - Sample ........................................................... 261

4.6.5 Information - Configuration ................................................ 262

4.6.6 Information - Messages ...................................................... 265

4.6.7 Information - Determination comment ............................... 266

4.7 Results subwindow .......................................................... 266

4.7.1 Results - General .................................................................. 266

4.7.2 Results - Results overview .................................................... 266

4.7.3 Results - Raw data ............................................................... 268

4.7.4 Results - Calculation # ......................................................... 276

4.7.5 Results - Properties .............................................................. 278

4.8 Curves subwindow ........................................................... 279

4.8.1 Curves - General .................................................................. 279

4.8.2 Curves - Measuring point list ................................................ 280

4.8.3 Properties ............................................................................ 280

5 How to proceed? 292

5.1 Backup ............................................................................... 292

5.1.1 Backing up a database ......................................................... 292

5.1.2 Restoring the database ........................................................ 294

5.1.3 Backing up configuration data ............................................. 295

5.1.4 Restoring configuration data ................................................ 296

5.2 Determinations ................................................................. 297

5.2.1 Searching for determinations ............................................... 297

5.2.2 Filtering determinations ....................................................... 298

5.2.3 Signing determination ......................................................... 299

5.2.4 Exporting determinations ..................................................... 301

5.2.5 Importing determinations .................................................... 303

5.2.6 Deleting determinations ....................................................... 303

5.2.7 Making the determination version current ........................... 304

5.2.8 Reprocessing determinations ............................................... 305

5.2.9 Printing determination reports ............................................. 309

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Table of contents

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5.2.10 Printing determination overviews ......................................... 310

5.3 Databases .......................................................................... 311

5.3.1 Database in general ............................................................. 311

5.3.2 Opening a database ............................................................ 312

5.3.3 Closing a database .............................................................. 312

5.3.4 Creating a database ............................................................. 313

5.3.5 Backing up a database ......................................................... 314

5.3.6 Restoring the database ........................................................ 315

5.3.7 Deleting a database ............................................................. 316

5.4 Configuration data ........................................................... 317

5.4.1 Configuration data in general .............................................. 317

5.4.2 Exporting configuration data ............................................... 317

5.4.3 Importing configuration data ............................................... 318

5.4.4 Backing up configuration data ............................................. 318

5.4.5 Restoring configuration data ................................................ 320

5.5 Import of PC/LIMS reports .............................................. 321

5.5.1 Import - automatic .............................................................. 321

5.5.2 Import - manual .................................................................. 322

5.5.3 Editing the import ................................................................ 322

5.5.4 Import - one USB flash drive ................................................ 323

5.5.5 Import - several USB sticks ................................................... 325

5.5.6 Import - via RS Server .......................................................... 328

5.5.7 Import protocol - properties ................................................ 330

5.5.8 Deleting an import protocol ................................................. 330

5.6 Reports .............................................................................. 331

5.6.1 Creating report template .................................................... 331

5.6.2 Edit report template ............................................................ 332

5.6.3 Printing determination report .............................................. 334

5.6.4 Printing determination overview ......................................... 335

5.7 No help available .............................................................. 336

Index 337

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1 Introduction

1.1 Welcome to tiBase

Introduction

1 Introduction

tiBase 1.1

tiBase is a program for administrating analysis data on the basis of PC/ LIMS reports. The reports of the corresponding Metrohm instruments can be read into tiBase.

Overview of the main program features

￭ User interface: easy to operate and configure ￭ Application ￭ Comprehensive online help ￭ Program versions

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1.2 Application

tiBase is a database program for administrating data on the basis of PC/ LIMS reports.

The reports generated by Titrino plus, Coulometer, PC Control, Touch Control, Ti-Touch und Compact Titrosampler can be read into tiBase.

1.3 Operation

Introduction

The modern user interface makes it simple for the user to find his/her way around tiBase. The bar on the left edge of the screen gives you access to the two basic elements of tiBase:

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Database

Depending on the access permissions, these buttons are either visible or invisible. The menu bar is in the upper part of the screen. It is also possible for the individual commands to be masked out, depending on the access permissions.

In the centre of the screen are the information windows with the determination overviews, curves, information or results. This view can be set individually for each user with the aid of the new Layout Manager. This means that the users only see the windows or buttons needed for their work. This reduces the introductory period for routine users to a minimum; incorrect operation as a result of overcrowded screens are also a thing of the past.

Configura-

tion

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1.4 Instrument integration

Introduction

PC/LIMS reports can be read into tiBase by:

￭ Titrino plus

848, 870, 877

￭ Touch Control

840 (5.840.0150), 900

￭ Ti-Touch

915, 916

￭ PC Control ￭ 862 Compact Titrosampler ￭ 899 Coulometer

1.5 Database

Introduction

1 Introduction

tiBase is based on an object-oriented database that has proven itself in practice. All program settings, the user administration, methods and templates are stored in the configuration database and the determination data is stored in the determination databases defined by the user. These databases can be installed locally on the computer reserved for measurements and make up a simple measurement system. tiBase is however scalable and grows with operational requirements. As soon as data security and central data management make it necessary, tiBase is installed as a client/server configuration. The tiBase database is then installed on a server. All measurement and office computers work as clients. All results are stored centrally in this network and can be accessed and processed by all Client PCs. All clients also access the same pool of methods.

The new database has all the major tools necessary for managing, searching for and grouping results. Quick filters allow the user to browse through thousands of determinations within seconds and to display the result clearly. Chart plots give a fast overview of the sequence of results based on time.

All options for reprocessing are available to the user.

Overview of functions

￭ Object-oriented client/server database (see Chapter 3.2.3.1, page

93).

￭ Layout manager for the database view (see Chapter 4.1.7, page 119). ￭ Quick filters (see Chapter 4.5.2.4.3, page 216).

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1.6 Communication

￭ Efficient search functions (see Chapter 4.5.2.3, page 213). ￭ Access permissions control for every database (see Chapter 4.3.5.3,

page 128).

￭ Automatic database backup (see Chapter 4.3.5.4, page 129). ￭ Control charts (see Chapter 4.5.2.16, page 254). ￭ Reprocess determinations (see Chapter 4.5.2.6, page 226).

1.6 Communication

Introduction

The decisive factor for acceptance is the possibility of easy and economical integration in existing laboratory information systems, central databases and long-term archiving systems.

tiBase is communicative. Data generated in tiBase can be exported in XML and CSV format. Connection to LIMS systems on the market is thus not difficult. Export to long-term archiving systems such as NuGenesis SDMS or Scientific Software Cyberlab is also supported.

The new Report generator provides a simple and flexible solution for creating analysis reports. The report generator allows you to freely define the report templates. It is therefore possible at any time to display one or more determinations in a choice of PDF format or as a printout.

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Overview of functions

￭ Import of PC/LIMS reports (see Chapter 3.4.3, page 106). ￭ Various export formats, e.g. XML, CSV, SLK (see Chapter 4.4.4.2.1,

page 179).

￭ Report designer (see Chapter 4.4.1.4.1.1, page 136). ￭ E-mail functions for security settings (see Chapter 3.2.2.7, page 91). ￭ Send determinations by e-mail (see Chapter 4.5.2.7, page 249).

1.7 Conformity

Introduction

tiBase also sets new standards with respect to the fulfilling of GMP and GLP requirements. The latest quality standards and validation proce-

dures were implemented in developing and programming the software. A centralized user administration defines the access permissions for program functions and determinations, whereby any number of users with freely definable access profiles are possible. The system administrator can conveniently access the user administration from any tiBase client. Access to the software is password-protected and there is a choice of tiBase or Windows login.

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1 Introduction

The use of digital signatures makes it possible to sign determinations. There are two signatures available with differing properties. With the first signature (Level 1, Review) the user confirms that he has programmed the method correctly or carried out the analysis correctly. With the second signature (Level 2, Release) the method or result is shared and protected against further modifications. It is thus possible to mirror customized workflows in tiBase.

All data is version-controlled and protected against unauthorized access, modification or deletion in the database. The database itself controls access to the data in network operation and provides archiving and restore functions.

Conformity-relevant properties of tiBase 1.1

￭ Conformity is priority in development and validation. ￭ Central user administration (see Chapter 3.2.1.1, page 75). ￭ Detailed access permissions (see Chapter 3.2.1.2.2, page 78). ￭ Password protection under tiBase or Windows (see Chapter 3.2.2.2,

page 84).

￭ Digital signature on two levels (see Chapter 2.3, page 11). ￭ One signature each for methods and results. ￭ Documentation of all determination modifications (see Chapter

4.5.2.13, page 253).

1.8 Versions

Introduction

tiBase is available in the following sales versions, which differ with regard to scope and functions. An upgrade is possible at any time.

tiBase 1.1 full tiBase 1.1 multi

Product 6.6063.112 6.6063.113

User administration • •

Security settings • •

Client/server support •

Number of licenses 1 3

Additional licenses as an option •

XML data export to LIMS • •

Upgrade possible • •

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1.9 Online help

Introduction

Calling up the help

tiBase has a very extensive and detailed online help that can be accessed in two ways:

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￭ General call The Help ▶ tiBase Help menu item or the symbol

used to open the online help with the topic Welcome to tiBase. From there you can jump to the desired topic via Contents, Index, Search or personal Favorites.

￭ Context-sensitive call With the [F1] function key on the keyboard

you can jump directly to the topic which will show information on the active element in tiBase (dialog window, tab).

Symbols and conventions

The following symbols and formatting are used in this documentation:

Configuration

Link to another help topic in which information is shown for the marked term.

Database Dialog text

Designation for names of parameters, menu items, tabs and dialog windows in the software.

100 Designation for parameter values in input fields.

File ▶ New Menu or menu item; Path needed to reach a certain

point in the program.

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[Next] Button

Formula editor

Formulae can be entered in fields with this symbol, and the formula editor opens when you click on the symbol (see Chapter 2.4, page 17).

Instruction step

Carry out these steps in the sequence shown.

Caution

This symbol draws attention to possible damage to instruments or instrument parts.

Note

This symbol marks additional information and tips.

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2 General program functions

2.1 Program parts

2.1.1 Program parts

General program functions

tiBase has two different program parts which can be opened by clicking on the corresponding symbol in the vertical bar on the left. The symbol for the opened program part is shown in color, the symbol for the other program part in black and white. The menus, symbol bars and content of the main window depend on the program part currently opened.

Database program part

￭ Opening/closing databases ￭ Managing databases ￭ Reprocessing ￭ Creating report templates

2 General program functions

Configuration program part

￭ Configuration of data import, login, backup, etc. ￭ Security settings ￭ User administration ￭ Program administration

Note

Access to a program part can be deactivated in the user administration. The respective symbol is disabled in such cases.

2.1.2 Database - User interface

Program part: Database

Database symbol

tiBase 1.1

Clicking on the database symbol in the vertical bar on the left opens the Database program part, while at the same time the database symbol is shown in color. The upper left corner of the symbol contains a black field

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2.2 Login/Password protection

displaying the number of databases currently opened (see Chapter 4.2.2, page 123).

Elements

The user interface of the Database program part is comprised of the following elements:

￭ Database-specific menu bar. ￭ Database-specific toolbar. ￭ Main window in which up to 6 subwindows can be displayed.

2.1.3 Configuration - User interface

Program part: Configuration

Configuration symbol

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Clicking on the configuration symbol in the vertical bar at the left opens the Configuration program part, while at the same time the configuration symbol is shown in color.

Elements

The user interface of the Configuration program part is comprised of the following elements:

￭ Configuration-specific menu bar. ￭ Configuration-specific toolbar. ￭ Main window in which 2 subwindows are displayed.

2.2 Login/Password protection

2.2.1 General information on login / password protection

Program part: Configuration / Database

tiBase can be configured so that all users have to log in with their user name and password, and this data is automatically checked. This requires a User administration to be set up and the corresponding Security settings to be made. This data is saved in the configuration

database. In the case of client/server systems, this is on the server and applies globally for all clients (central user administration).

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2 General program functions

Recommended settings

The [Set] button on the Login/Password protection tab in the Security settings dialog window has to be pressed in order to make the set-

tings. The following conditions will then be complied with:

￭ A login with user name and password is required each time the

program is started.

￭ Depending on the setting, the password administration is carried

out in tiBase or in Windows.

￭ User names must be unique. Users cannot be deleted once they

have been entered.

￭ Passwords must be unique for each user. None of the expired pass-

words already used once by the user may be reused.

￭ Passwords must comprise a minimum number of characters. ￭ Passwords must be changed after a defined validity period. ￭ The number of login attempts is limited. If this number is exceeded,

the user will automatically be set to inactive status.

Actions

If the login is activated, the following actions can be performed:

2.2.2 Logging in

User

Password

￭ Logging in at program start ￭ Logging out manually ￭ Logging out automatically ￭ Changing password

Program parts: Configuration / Database

If both the options Enforce login with user name and Enforce login with password are activated in the Security settings, the Log in dialog window will appear every time the program is started and after each time a user logs out.

Entry of the short name of the user.

Entry 24 characters

Entry of the password.

Entry 24 characters

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2.2 Login/Password protection

Note

Users who log in for the first time or users whose status has been reset from inactive or removed back to active must log in with the Start password (see Chapter 3.2.1.3.1, page 81) specified by the adminis- trator. Afterwards, the Change password window will automatically open in which a new password must be entered.

[Change password]

Opens the Change password window, in which the new password must be entered and confirmed.

[Cancel]

The login is canceled and the program is terminated.

2.2.3 Logging out manually

Menu item: Configuration / Database ▶ File ▶ Logout

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A logged-in user can log out at any time with the File ▶ Logout menu item. The logout options defined in the Security settings apply. After the logout, the Log in window opens in which a new user can log in.

2.2.4 Logging out automatically

Program part: Configuration

If the automatic logout is activated in the Security settings, then the user will be logged out automatically after the defined waiting time if no operating functions have been performed in the meantime via keyboard or mouse. The Log in window appears again afterwards, but only the same user or members of the same user group can use it to log back in again.

Note

Users with administrator rights can always log in.

2.2.5 Changing the password

Dialog window: Log in ▶ [Change password] ▶ Change password

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Note

In tiBase, the password can only be changed if the Password monitoring by tiBase option is set in the security settings.

tiBase 1.1

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[Change password]

Old password

2 General program functions

This button in the Log in dialog window opens the Change password window, in which the new password must be entered and confirmed.

Note

The password must always be changed before the Validity of the password expires. For users who are logging in for the first time or users whose status has been reset from inactive or removed back to

active, this window opens automatically after login with the Start password. Here you will also need to enter the Start password

assigned by the administrator in the Old password field.

Entry of the previous password.

Entry 24 characters

New password

Entry of the new password. The password options are defined in the Security settings on the Login/Password protection tab.

Entry 24 characters

Confirm password

Confirmation of the new password.

Entry 24 characters

2.3 Electronic signatures

2.3.1 Rules for electronic signatures

Program part: Database

In tiBase, determinations can be electronically signed at two levels. The following rules apply for this:

￭ Signature levels

Determinations can be signed at two levels (signature level 1 and signature level 2) by entering the user name and a password.

￭ Multiple signing

Determinations can be signed several times at each level.

￭ Signing at level 1

If level 2 has been signed, then no more signatures are possible at level

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2.3 Electronic signatures

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￭ Signing at level 2

Level 2 can not be signed unless there are already signatures on level

￭ Different users

The same user may not sign on both level 1 and level 2.

￭ Reason and comment

Each signature must be accompanied by a reason selected from predefined default reasons. An additional comment can also be entered.

￭ Saved data

Signature date, user name, full name, reason and comments are saved for each signature.

￭ Deleting signatures 1

Signatures at level 1 are automatically deleted again when a new version is created.

￭ Deleting signatures 2

Signatures at level 2 can only be deleted by users who have the respective permission.

￭ Signature options

The options for electronic signatures are set in the Signatures tab in the Security settings dialog window.

2.3.2 Procedure for electronic signatures

Program part: Database

Determinations exhibit one of the following three statuses with respect to signatures (see flow diagram):

￭ Not signed

Determinations that are not signed can be deleted and changed, with a new version being created each time there is a change.

￭ Signed (1)

No new versions are generated when determinations are signed at level 1. If determinations signed at level 1 are changed, then a new version will be generated that no longer contains any signatures. Determinations signed at level 1 can be deleted.

￭ Signed (2)

No new versions are generated when determinations are signed at level 2. Determinations signed at level 2 can neither be changed nor deleted. It is, however, possible to delete the signatures (2), although the signatures (1) will be retained.

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

tiBase 1.1

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Modify

Not signed

Sign (1)

Signed 1

Sign (2)

Signed 2

Delete signatures 2

Delete

Create

Delete

Modify

Delete

2.3.3 Signature Level 1

Dialog window: Database ▶ Determinations ▶ Sign ▶ Signature 1… ▶ Signature level 1

2 General program functions

Info

Determinations can be signed at level 1 in the Signature level 1 window.

Note

Determinations that have been signed at level 1 can be modified and deleted. If the modified method or determination is saved as a new version, however, then all existing signatures will be deleted automatically, i.e. the method or determination must be signed once again.

Display of information for signing and deleting signatures. The following messages are possible:

Selection Signature possible | Signature 1 not possible

(signature 2 exists) | Signature not possible (accessed by other client) | Signature not possible for multiple determinations

Signature possible

The selected determination can be signed.

tiBase 1.1

Signature 1 not possible (signature 2 exists)

The selected determination can no longer be signed at level 1 as it has already been signed at level 2.

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

2.3 Electronic signatures

User

Password

Reason

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Signature not possible (accessed by other client)

The selected determination cannot be signed as it is already marked to be signed on a different client.

Signature not possible for multiple determinations

Several determinations have been selected; they may, however, only be signed individually.

Entry of the user name (short name).

Entry 24 characters

Entry of the password.

Entry 24 characters

Selection from the Default reasons defined for the Signature level 1 category in the Security settings dialog window.

Selection Selection from the default reasons

Comment

Entry of a comment on the signature.

Entry 1,000 characters

[Sign]

Sign the determination. The window remains open.

Determinations can only be signed at level 1 if the user belongs to a user group with the respective permission.

2.3.4 Signature level 2

Dialog window: Database ▶ Determinations ▶ Sign ▶ Signature 2… ▶ Signature level 2

Determinations can be signed at level 2 in the Signature level 2 window.

Note

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Info

2 General program functions

Note

Determinations signed at level 2 are locked, i.e. they can be neither modified nor deleted. In order to be able to edit such determinations again, the signatures on level 2 must first be deleted.

Information for signing and deleting signatures is displayed in this box. The following messages are possible:

Selection Signature possible | Signature 2 not possible

(signature 1 missing) | Signature not possible (accessed by other client)

Signature possible

The selected determination can be signed.

Signature 2 not possible (signature 1 missing)

The selected determination cannot be signed at level 2 as it has not yet been signed at level 1.

Signature not possible (accessed by other client)

The selected determination cannot be signed as it is already marked to be signed on a different client.

User

Password

Reason

Comment

[Sign]

Entry of the user name (short name).

Entry 24 characters

Entry of the password.

Entry 24 characters

Selection from the Default reasons defined for the Signature level 2 category in the Security settings dialog window.

Selection Selection from the default reasons

Entry of a comment on the signature.

Entry 1,000 characters

Sign the determination. The window remains open.

tiBase 1.1

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2.3 Electronic signatures

Note

Determinations can only be signed at level 2 if the user belongs to a user group with the respective permission.

2.3.5 Deleting signatures Level 2

Dialog window: Database ▶ Determinations ▶ Sign ▶ Delete Signatures 2… ▶ Delete Signatures Level 2

The Delete Signatures Level 2 window allows you to delete all of the signatures on level 2 for the selected method or determination.

User

Entry of the user name (short name).

Entry 24 characters

Password

Entry of the password.

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Reason

Comment

[Delete]

Entry 24 characters

Selection from the Default reasons defined for the Signature level 2 category in the Security settings dialog window.

Selection Selection from the default reasons

Entry of a comment on the signature.

Entry 1,000 characters

Delete signatures 2.

Note

Signatures 2 can only be deleted if the user belongs to a user group with the respective permission.

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

tiBase 1.1

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2.4 Formula editor

Dialog window: Formula editor

The Formula editor serves as a support when entering formulas for calculating results. It has an automatic Syntax check, which is activated when applying the formula. The general rules of priority apply for the calculation operations.

The Formula Editor dialog window contains the following elements:

￭ Input field

Entry of the calculation formula (see Chapter 2.4.1, page 17).

￭ Function buttons

Buttons for the rapid entry of operators and parentheses (see Chapter

2.4.1, page 17).

￭ Operators/functions

Selection of the operators and functions variables available for the calculation formula (see Chapter 2.4.4.1, page 33).

￭ Description

Description of the selected variables, operators or functions.

2 General program functions

2.4.1 Input field

Dialog window: Formula editor

The calculation formula is entered in the input field of the Formula Editor. The following options are available for the entry:

Entry via keyboard

￭ Numbers

Numbers as well as mathematical functions can be entered directly via the keyboard.

￭ Text

Text must be enclosed in quotation marks " (e.g. "my text").

￭ Variables

Variables must be entered and ended with an apostrophe ' (e.g. 'MV.my variable').

￭ time

Time indications must always be made with the aid of the Time( ) function.

Entry using the function buttons

Mathematical operators and parentheses can simply be added to the formula using the corresponding buttons. A space is automatically added before and after the sign.

tiBase 1.1

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2.4 Formula editor

Addition Equal to Logic AND

Subtraction Greater than Logic OR

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Multiplication Less than

Round parentheses

Division Not equal to

Potentiation Less than or equal to Molar mass calculator

Greater than or equal to Undo last action

Redo last action

Entry via selection

The element selected in the fields Variables or Operators can be added to the formula by double clicking or [Insert].

2.4.2 Calculation algorithms

Dialog window: Formula editor

Numerical format

The standard IEEE 754 (1985) for binary floating point arithmetic is implemented in "double precision" (64 Bit) in the software.

Rounding off process

Measured values and results are rounded off symmetrically (commercial rounding). In so doing, 1, 2, 3, 4 are always rounded down and 5, 6, 7,

8, 9 always rounded up.

Examples

2.33 yields 2.3

2.35 yields 2.4

2.47 yields 2.5

-2.38 yields -2.4

-2.45 yields -2.5

Statistics

The mean value, absolute and relative standard deviation of results R are calculated using the following formula:

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2 General program functions

Mean value

Absolute standard deviation

Relative standard deviation (in %)

The statistical calculations of the software have been implemented so that they can be checked to as great a degree as possible by the user. The individual values are therefore incorporated in the statistics with full accuracy.

It is not the number of decimal places which is decisive for the accuracy of the calculations, but rather the number of significant digits of the decimal numbers displayed. The binary 64 bit numerical format implemented on the basis of the IEEE 754 standard means that the decimal numerals resulting from this have 15 certain significant decimal places.

You can influence the number of significant digits by selecting the unit and the number of decimal places. As the result unit to be set sometimes contains the prefix "Milli" as well as the actual physical unit, the number of significant places changes accordingly by three places during such a conversion.

Example

The result displayed 1234.56789158763 mg/L has 15 certain places. It should be rounded off to three decimal places according to the above rounding procedure:

1234.568 mg/L (7 significant places, 3 of them decimal places)

The unit "g/L" means that the same result 1.23456789158763 g/L is also rounded off to three decimal places:

1.235 g/L (4 significant places, 3 of them decimal places)

The number of significant digits has now been reduced by three to four digits by omitting the prefix "milli".

tiBase 1.1

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2.4 Formula editor

Note

The above losses of accuracy by rounding off in the area of the maximum certain places are only relevant theoretically. Most of the time they are lower by several orders of magnitude than – as an example – the uncertainties resulting from weighing out the sample.

2.4.3 Variables

2.4.3.1 Variables - Overview

Dialog window:

Variables are automatically generated by the program during or at the end of the determination. You can use the formula editor to access these and either use the values for further calculations or output them as a result.

Variable types

The following types of variables are differentiated:

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Formula editor

Name

Method variables

Sample data variables

Command variables

Result variables

Determination variables

Syntax Description

'MV.Variable name'

Method variables include the variables FCT and DIV

Sample data variables include the variables Sample size, Unit, Sam-

ple position, ID1 and ID2.

'Command name.Variable name'

Command variables are variables which are generated by the individual commands in the method run. The command variables are displayed in the order determined by the commands executed in the method run.

'RS.Result name.Variable identification'

Result variables are special command variables which are generated by CALC commands and which are available under a designation of their own.

'DV.Variable identification'

Determination variables are general variables and cannot be assigned to individual commands.

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2 General program functions

Name Syntax Description

2.4.3.2

System variables

Common variables

Enter variables

Variables must always be entered and ended with an apostrophe ' (e.g. 'MV.myVariable').

When using variables, always observe their data type (Number, Text or Date/Time).

Method variables

Tab: Database ▶ Determinations ▶ Reprocessing ▶ Variables

'SV.Variable identification'

System variables are general variables which are adopted in the determination at the start of the determination.

'CV.Name' Common variables are global varia-

bles. Depending on the device, the names are set or can be defined by the user.

Note

Method variables include the variables FCT (factor) and DIV (divisor).

Syntax

'MV.Variable name'

Examples: 'MV.FCT' and 'MV.DIV'

Occurence

These two variables occur in the formula saved in the 870 KF Titrino plus. By modifying these variables the result can be indicated as different concentration units (mg/mL, ppm etc.).

Method variables

Variable

Description Data type

name

FCT Conversion factor for the calculation for-

Number

mula

DIV Divisor for the calculation formula Number

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2.4 Formula editor

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Conversion table of the formula for KF titration

Result unit Sample size

Factor Divisor

in...

% g 0.1 1

% mg 100 1

% mL 0.1 Density of the

sample in g/ mL

ppm g 1000 1

ppm mL 1000 Density of the

sample in g/ mL

ppm µ L 1 Density of the

sample in g/ mL

mg/mL g Density of the

1 sample in g/ mL

mg/mL mL 1 1

mg 1 1 1

mL 1 1 Density of H

mg/piece Pieces 1 1

2.4.3.3 Sample data variables

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Sample data variables

Sample data variables include the variables Sample size, Unit, Sample position, ID1 and ID2.

In the field Variables of the formula editor all sample data variables are listed.

Syntax

'MV.Variable name'

Examples: 'MV.Sample Size' , 'MV.Sample Unit' , 'MV.ID1'

You can select the sample data variables directly in the formula editor under Variables ▶ Sample data variables in order to avoid syntax errors.

O in g/mL

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2 General program functions

Sample data variables

2.4.3.4

Variable

name

(PC-Con-

trol)

CI1 ID1 Sample identification 1 Number

CI2 ID2 Sample identification 2 Number

C00 Sample Size Sample size Number

Sample Unit Sample unit Text

If the PC/LIMS report contains a negative value for the sample size (from reweighing), it will be converted during the import into tiBase

1.1. The variable COO becomes Abs MV.Sample.Size in tiBase 1.1

Command variables

Dialog window: Formula Editor ▶ Variables

Variable name

( tiBase 1.1)

Note

Description Data type

The command variables are method-specific. They depend on which commands are used in the method. Included among the command variables are also solution and sensor variables, which are applied automatically from the corresponding tables in the Configuration for the devicedependent commands at the time the determination is started and which are allocated to the individual commands. The Variables field of the Formula editor lists all Command variables which are available for the current method.

Syntax

'Command name.Variable identification'

Examples: 'DET U 3.SME' , 'Liquid Handling 4.CONC'

You can select the command variables directly in the formula editor under Variables ▶ Command Variables in order to avoid syntax errors.

If a method run before the calculation contains more than one data generating command (titrations, measurements, calibrations, monitored dosing, evaluations, calculations), then there is a command identification before the variable.

M. for titration mode, measuring mode and monitored dosing

tiBase 1.1

<E. for EVAL

C. for CALC

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2.4 Formula editor

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Command variables

Unless marked otherwise, all of the variables listed here in alphabetical order are of the Number type.

Note

In the case of variables with Index {x}, the desired number 1…9 must be entered for x (e.g. .EP{3}.ERC for the third endpoint).

If no index is specified, then the last index will be used automatically (e.g. .EP.ERC for the last endpoint).

Variable name

(PC-Control)

.BM# .BP{x}.MEA Measured value for the break

.BT# .BP{x}.TEM Temperature for the break point

.BD# .BP{x}.TIM Time for the break point x (1…9)

.BP# .BP{x}.VOL Volume for the break point x

.CONC .CONC Concentration of the solution

.MCD .DBL Duration command (total dura-

.MDC .DRI Current and/or last drift for drift

.MSD .DSC Duration start conditions (time

Variable name

( tiBase 1.1)

Description Command

point x (1…9) in the unit of the measured value

x (1…9) in °C

in s

(1…9) in mL

used for the command (number)

tion for the processing of the command) in s

correction in mL/min

for processing all start conditions) in s

DET, MET, MEAS (without T/Flow)

DE, MET

DET, MET, SET, KFT, STAT, STDADD, ADD, DOS, LQH

DET, MET, SET, KFT, KFC, STAT, MEAS, CAL MEAS, STDADD, DOS

SET, KFT, KFC

DET, MET, SET, KFT, STAT

.DDC .DTI Time for drift correction (time

from the start of the titration to the end of the command) in s

.MCM .EME End measured value (measured

value after processing of the command) in the unit of the measured value

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

SET, KFT, KFC

DET, MET, SET, KFT, KFC, STAT, MEAS, CAL MEAS, STDADD, DOS

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2 General program functions

Variable name

(PC-Control)

.MEN .ENP Electrode zero point for the sen-

.EP{x}.DME Measured value differential for

.EF# .EP{x}.ERC ERC for the endpoint x (1…9) DET

.EM# .EP{x}.MEA Measured value for the endpoint

.ESI# .EP{x}.MEP Marking for the endpoint x

.EP# .EP.QTY Measured value (water) for the

Variable name

( tiBase 1.1)

Description Command

DET pH, DET U, MET pH, sor used for the command (dimensionless for pH sensor or in mV for the ISE sensor, number) and/or electrode zero point calculated from the calibration (for STDADD and CAL LOOP)

the endpoint x (1…9)

x (1…9) in the unit of the measured value

(1...9); 1 = 1 endpoint, 2 = 2 or more endpoints

endpoint in mg

MET U, SET pH, SET U,

STAT, MEAS pH, MEAS U,

MEAS T, MEAS Conc, CAL

LOOP, DOS, STDADD

MET

DET, MET, SET, KFT, KFC

DET, MET, SET, KFT

KFC

.ET# .EP{x}.TEM Temperature for the endpoint x

(1...9) in °C

.ED# .EP{x}.TIM Time for the endpoint x (1...9) insDET, MET, SET, KFT, KFC

.EP# .EP{x}.VOL Volume for the endpoint x (1…

9) in mL

.MCT .ETE End temperature (temperature

following processing of the command) in °C

.MCV .EVT End volume (total dosed volume

at the end of the command) in mL

.FM# .FP{x}.MEA Measured value for the fixed

endpoint x (1…9) in the unit of the measured value

.FP{x}.QTY Measured value (water) for the

fixed endpoint x (1...9) in mg

.FT# .FP{x}.TEM Temperature for the fixed end-

point x (1…9) in °C

DET, MET, SET, KFT

DET, MET, SET, KFT, KFC,

STAT, MEAS (without T/

Flow), CAL MEAS,

STDADD, DOS

DET, MET, SET, KFT, STAT,

DOS

DET, MET, SET, KFT, STAT

KFC

DET, MET, SET, KFT, STAT,

MEAS (without T/Flow)

tiBase 1.1

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2.4 Formula editor

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Variable name

(PC-Control)

.FD# .FP{x}.TIM Time for fixed endpoint x (1…9)

.FP# .FP{x}.[VOL] Volume for the fixed endpoint x

.HM# .HP{x}.MEA Measured value for HNP x (1...9)

.HT# .HP{x}.TEM Temperature for HNP x (1...9) in°CDET, MET

.HD# .HP{x}.TIM Time for HNP x (1...9) in s DET, MET

.HP# .HP{x}.[VOL] Volume for HNP (half neutraliza-

#M.MIM .IME Initial measured value (measured

Variable name

( tiBase 1.1)

Description Command

DET, MET, SET, KFT, KFC,

in s

(1...9) in mL

in mV

tion potential) x (1...9) in mL

value before start conditions are processed) in the unit of the measured value (number)

STAT, MEAS (without T/ Flow)

DET, MET, SET, KFT, STAT

DET, MET

DET, MET, SET, KFT, STAT, MEAS, CAL MEAS, STDADD, DOS

.MIT .ITE Initial temperature (temperature

before start conditions are processed) in °C

.XAM .MA.MEA Maximum measured value in the

unit of the measured value

.XAT .MA.TEM Temperature for the maximum

measured value in °C

.XAD .MA.TIM Time for the maximum measured

value in s

.XAP .MA.[VOL] Volume with maximum meas-

ured value in mL

.MI.GFL Minimum gas flow rate in

mL/min

.XIM .MI.MEA Minimum measured value in the

unit of the measured value

.XIT .MI.TEM Temperature for minimum meas-

ured value in °C

.XID .MI.TIM Time for the minimum measured

value in s

DET, MET, SET, KFT, STAT, MEAS (without T/Flow), CAL MEAS, STDADD, DOS

DET, MET, SET, KFT, STAT, MEAS

DET, MET, SET, KFT, STAT

MEAS T/Flow

DET, MET, SET, KFT, STAT, MEAS

.XIP .MI.[VOL] Volume for minimum measured

value in mL

.RMC .MR.MRC Correlation coefficient for mean

dosing rate for the whole range

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

DET, MET, SET, KFT, STAT

STAT, DOS

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2 General program functions

Variable name

(PC-Control)

.RMS .MR.MRS Standard deviation for mean

.RM .MR.MRT Mean dosing rate for the whole

.MTM .MTE Temperature measurement with

.MMP .NMP Number of measuring points

.RDC# .RE{x}.DRC Correlation coefficient for mean

.RDS# .RE{x}.DRS Standard deviation for mean

.RD# .RE{x}.[DRT] Mean dosing rate in window x

Variable name

( tiBase 1.1)

Description Command

dosing rate for the whole range in mL/min

range in mL/min

sensor; 1 = on, 0 = off)

(number of measuring points in the measuring point list)

dosing rate in window x (1…9)

dosing rate in window x (1…9) in mL/min

(1…9) in mL/min

STAT, DOS

DET, MET, SET, KFT, STAT,

MEAS (without T/Flow),

CAL MEAS, STDADD, DOS

DET, MET, SET, KFT, KFC,

STAT, MEAS, CAL MEAS,

DOS

STAT

.MCM .RES Result calculated from the stand-

ard addition curve (concentration of the selected unit)

.MSL .SLO Electrode slope of the sensor

used for the command (in % for pH sensor or mV for ISE sensor, number) or electrode slope calculated from the calibration (for CAL LOOP)

.MSM .SME Start measured value (measured

value after processing the start conditions) in the unit of the measured value

.MST .STE Start temperature (temperature

after processing of the start conditions) in °C

.MTS .STY Type of stop with which the

command was stopped: 1 = normal; 0 = manual or after error

.MSA .SVA Start volume absolute (volume

that was added according to the start condition "start volume") in mL

STDADD

DET pH, DET U, MET pH,

MET U, SET pH, SET U,

STAT, MEAS pH, MEAS U,

MEAS T, MEAS Conc, CAL

LOOP, DOS, STDADD

DET, MET, SET, KFT, KFC,

STAT

DET, MET, SET, KFT, KFC,

STAT

DET, MET, SET, KFT, STAT,

MEAS, CAL MEAS,

STDADD, DOS

DET, MET, SET, KFT, STAT

tiBase 1.1

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2.4 Formula editor

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Variable name

(PC-Control)

.MSP .SVM Start volume measured value

.MSS .SVS Start volume measured value

.MSV .SVT Total start volume (volume that

.TITER .TITER Titer value of the solution used

.MVA .VAR Variance of the result calculated

.MCV .VOL Dosed volume STDADD, ADD, LQH

Variable name

( tiBase 1.1)

Description Command

DET, MET (volume which was added according to the start measured value given in the start conditions) in mL

DET, MET (volume that was added according to the start condition "start slope") in mL

DET, MET, SET, KFT, STAT was added in dependence on all three start conditions) in mL

DET, MET, SET, KFT, STAT, for the command (number)

from the standard addition curve

STDADD dos, STDADD

auto, ADD, DOS, LQH

STDADD

1) HNP = Half neutralization potential

2.4.3.5

Result variables

Dialog window: Formula Editor ▶ Variables

Result variables are method-specific and are defined in the CALC command of the method. The Variables field of the Formula editor lists all Result variables which are available for the current method.

Syntax

'RS.Result name.Variable identification'

Examples: 'RS.RS01.VAL' (='RS.RS01'), 'RS.testTime.UNI'

You can select the method variables directly in the formula editor under Variables ▶ Result Variables in order to avoid syntax errors.

Result variables

Variable name

(PC-Control)

.R1 to .R9 [.VAL] Result value ( .VAL optional;

Variable name

( tiBase 1.1)

Description Command

number)

CALC

SSA# .ASD Absolute standard deviation for

the result (number)

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

CALC

tiBase 1.1

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2 General program functions

Variable name

(PC-Control)

SMN# .MNV Mean value of the result (num-

SNR .NSR Statistics actual counter for the

SSD .NST Statistics setpoint counter for the

SSR# .RSD Relative standard deviation for

SNT .STS Statistics status for the result

#C.R# unit .UNI Result unit (Text) CALC

Variable name

( tiBase 1.1)

Description Command

CALC

ber)

CALC

result (number)

CALC

result (number)

CALC

the result (number)

CALC

(number 1 = Statistics on, 0 = Statistics off)

2.4.3.6 Determination variables

Dialog window: Formula Editor ▶ Variables

Determination variables are general variables that are generated in the method run. They are not assigned to individual commands. The Varia- bles field of the Formula editor lists the determination variables which are available for the current method, sorted according to name.

Syntax

'DV.Variable name'

Examples: 'DV.DUR', 'DV.STT'

You can select the determination variables directly in the formula editor under Variables/Determination variables in order to avoid syntax errors.

Available determination variables

Variable name

(PC-Control)

DD DUR Duration of the determination insNumber

STT Time point at which the determi-

Variable name

( tiBase 1.1)

Description Data

type

Date/

nation was started

Time

tiBase 1.1

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2.4 Formula editor

2.4.3.7 System variables

Dialog window: Formula Editor ▶ Variables

System variables are general variables which are adopted in the determination at the start of the determination. They are assigned neither to individual commands nor to determinations. The Variables field of the Formula editor lists all System variables which are available for the current method.

Syntax

'SV.Variable name'

Examples: 'SV.SIN', 'SV.SLI'

You can select the system variables directly in the formula editor under Variables/System variables in order to avoid syntax errors.

Available system variables

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Variable name

(PC-Control)

%AC .ACC Autostart actual counter. Number

%AD .ACE Autostart setpoint counter. Number

%RN .RUN Sample number. Number

%SE .SEN Indication whether the end of

%AS .SIN Indication whether the determi-

%SL SLI Sample table actual line. Number

SNT .STA Indication whether the statistics

%SC .STC Start counter Number

Variable name

( tiBase 1.1)

Description Data type

Number the sample table has been reached (1 = yes, 0 = no).

Number nation has been started as a single determination or within a series (1 = single determina-

tion, 0 = series determination).

Number is activated (1 = yes, 0 = no.

%SS Sample table status

1 = Sample table on

0 = Sample table off

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Number

tiBase 1.1

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2.4.3.8 Common variables

Dialog window: Formula Editor ▶ Variables

Common variables are global variables, which are adopted from the corresponding table of the program part Configuration, where the common variables can be defined, at the start of the determination and assigned to the determination. The Variables field of the Formula editor lists all Com- mon Variables which are available for the current method, sorted according to name.

Syntax

'CV.Variable name.Variable name'

Examples: 'CV.TestDate', 'CV.TestTime.VAL', 'CV.AverageTemp.UNI'

You can select the common variables directly in the formula editor under Variables/Common Variables in order to avoid syntax errors.

Available Common Variables

2 General program functions

Variable name

(PC-Control)

CV01...CV25 [.VAL] Value of common variables

Variable name

( tiBase 1.1)

Description Data type

(number).

Usage

870 KF Titrino Plus

With this instrument the two common variables, CV01 and CV02, are defined for blind values.

877 Titrino Plus, 848 Titrino Plus, 862 Titrosampler

With these instruments there can be defined up to five method-independent common variables, CV01 to CV05. Common variables are e.g useful for the following applications:

￭ Determination of a blank value which will be taken into account during

the content determination of the sample.

￭ Determination of the content of a standard solution, which will be

taken into account during the content determination of the sample.

Text, number or date/time

tiBase 1.1

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

2.4 Formula editor

2.4.3.9 Alphabetical command overview

￭ BRC

Coulometric bromine number determination

￭ CAL Cond

Determination of cell constants of conductivity sensors with the aid of a known standard solution.

￭ CAL MEAS Conc

Measuring of calibration buffers for the calibration of ion-selective electrodes.

￭ CAL MEAS pH

Measuring of calibration buffers for the calibration of pH sensors.

￭ DET pH

Potentiometric pH measurement with pH electrodes (measured quantity pH).

￭ DET U

Potentiometric voltage measurement with metal electrodes (measured quantity voltage U).

￭ DET Ipol

Voltametric measurement with selectable polarization current (measured quantity voltage U).

￭ DET Upol

Amperometric measurement with selectable polarization voltage (measured value current I).

￭ DOS pH

Dosing of a specified volume with a solution (measured quantity pH)

￭ DOS U

Dosing of a specified volume with a solution (measured quantity voltage U).

￭ KFC

Coulometric Karl Fischer titration with voltametric measurement.

￭ KFT Ipol

Volumetric Karl Fischer titration with voltametric measurement (selectable polarization current).

￭ KFT Upol

Volumetric Karl Fischer titration with amperometric measurement (selectable polarization current).

￭ MEAS Conc

Concentration measurement (direct measurement).

￭ MEAS Cond

Conductivity measurement.

￭ MEAS Ipol

Voltametric measurement with selectable polarization current

￭ MEAS pH

Potentiometric pH measurement with pH electrodes.

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

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2 General program functions

￭ MEAS T

Temperature measurement.

￭ MEAS U

Potentiometric voltage measurement.

￭ MEAS Upol

Amperometric measuremen with selectable polarization current.

￭ MET Ipol

Monotonic equivalence point titration with voltametric measurement (selectable polarization current).

￭ MET pH

Monotonic equivalence point titration with potentiometric pH measurement.

￭ MET U

Monotonic equivalence point titration with potentiometric voltage measurement.

￭ MET Upol

Monotonic equivalence point titration with amperometric measurement (selectable polarization voltage).

￭ SET pH

Endpoint titration with potentiometric pH measurement.

￭ SET U

Endpoint titration with potentiometric voltage measurement.

￭ SET Ipol

Endpoint titration with voltametric measurement (selectable polarization current).

￭ SET Upol

Endpoint titration with amperometric measurement (selectable polarization voltage).

￭ STAT pH

STAT titration by keeping the measured value pH constant.

￭ STAT U

STAT titration by keeping the measured value U constant.

2.4.4 Operators/functions

2.4.4.1

tiBase 1.1

Operators/functions - Overview

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

2.4 Formula editor

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Overview of the operators and functions

Operators Functions

Arithmetic:

￭ Addition (+) ￭ Subtraction (-) ￭ Multiplication (*) ￭ Division (/) ￭ Potentiation (^)

Logic:

￭ AND ￭ OR

Comparison:

￭ Equal to (=) ￭ Greater than (>) ￭ Greater than or equal to (>=) ￭ Less than (<) ￭ Less than or equal to (<=) ￭ Not equal to (<>)

Arithmetic:

￭ Exponential function (Exp) ￭ Natural logarithm (Ln) ￭ Common logarithm (Log) ￭ Square root (Sqrt) ￭ Absolute value (Abs) ￭ Fraction (Frac) ￭ Integer (Int) ￭ Round integer (Round) ￭ Sign (Sign) ￭ Quantiles of the Student's t-distribution (Tinv)

Date/Time:

￭ Time() ￭ Time(Date) ￭ Time(Date+Time)

Type conversion:

￭ NumberToText ￭ NumberToTime ￭ TextToNumber ￭ TextToTime ￭ TimeToNumber ￭ TimeToText

Text:

￭ TextPosition ￭ SubText ￭ Trim

Miscellaneous:

￭ Error ￭ Case

Priority rules of the operators

The operators are evaluated in the order in which they are listed in the table below. In order to attain the required order, it may be necessary to place operators in parentheses.

Arithmetic ^

Comparison <, <=, >, >=

Logic AND, OR

Operators

*, /

+, -

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

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￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

2 General program functions

2.4.4.2 Arithmetical operators

2.4.4.2.1 Addition

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

Operand1 + Operand2

The operands can be entered either directly or as a variable and can be of the type Text, Number or Date/Time.

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remark

both operands of the same type:

Number Number Number 1.2 + 3 = 4.2 -

Text Text Text "Metrohm" + "AG" =

"Metrohm AG"

Time Time Number Time(1998;04;06) +

Time(1964;02;03) = 59300.875 (for

UTC+1)

Operand of different type: The operand which does not correspond to the result type is converted to the relevant result type before the operation.

Number Text Text 1.2 + "Metrohm" = "1.2Metrohm" -

Text Number Text "Metrohm" + 1.2 = "Metrohm1.2" -

Number Time Number 2.0 + Time(1999;11;7) = 36472.96

(for UTC+1)

Time Number Number Time(1999;10;7) + 2.0 = 36441.92

(for UTC+2)

Text Time Text "Metrohm" + Time(1999;10;7) =

"Metrohm1999-10-07 00:00:00 UTC+2"

If the maximum permissible length (65 536 characters) of the character string is exceeded by addition of the operands, the surplus characters will be removed from the second operand.

Result: Number of days calculated from December 1899, dependent on the system time

Before the operation, the operand of the type Date/Time is converted to Text.

Time Text Text Time(1999;01;7) + "Metrohm" =

"1999-01-07 00:00:00 UTC +1Metrohm"

tiBase 1.1

The same rules apply here as for the previous operation.

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

2.4 Formula editor

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

2.4.4.2.2 Subtraction

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

Operand1 - Operand2

The operands can be entered either directly or as a variable and can be of the type Text, Number or Date/Time.

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remark

both operands of the same type:

Number Number Number 1.2 - 3 = -1.8 -

Text Text Text "Metrohm" - "AG" = invalid This operation is not allowed.

Time Time Number Time(1998;01;06) -

Time(1964;12;03) = 12'087.00 (for UTC+1)

Operand of different type: The operand which does not correspond to the result type is converted to the relevant result type before the operation.

Number Text Text 1.2 - "Metrohm" = invalid This operation is not allowed.

Text Number Text "Metrohm" - 1.2 = not valid This operation is not allowed.

Number Time Number 2.0 - Time(1999;10;7) =

-36'437.917 (for UTC+2)

Time Number Number Time(1999;10;7) - 2.5 =

36'437.917 (for UTC+2)

Text Time Text "Metrohm" - Time(1999;10;7) =

invalid

Time Text Text Time(1999;10;7) - "Metrohm" =

invalid

Result: Number of days calculated from December 1899, dependent on the system time

This operation is not allowed.

2.4.4.2.3 Multiplication

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Syntax

Operand1 * Operand2

The operands can be entered either directly or as a variable and can be of the type Text, Number or Date/Time.

tiBase 1.1

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

2 General program functions

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remark

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number 1.2 * 3 = 3.6 -

Text Text Text "Metrohm" * "AG" = invalid This operation is not allowed.

Time Time Number Time(1998;05;06) *

Time(1902;02;03) = 27'478'004.545

(for UTC+1 or +2 for summer time)

Operand of different type: The operand which does not correspond to the result type is converted to the relevant result type before the operation.

Number Text Text 2 * "Metrohm" = "MetrohmMe-

trohm"

Text Number Text "Metrohm" * 2 = "MetrohmMe-

trohm"

Number Time Number 2.0 * Time(1999;10;7) = 72'879.833

(for UTC+2)

Time Number Number Time(1999;10;7) * 2.0 = 72'879.833

(for UTC+2)

Text Time Text "Metrohm" * Time(1999;10;7) =

invalid

Time Text Text Time(1999;10;7) * "Metrohm" =

invalid

Result: Number of days calculated from December 1899, dependent on the system time

This operation is not allowed.

2.4.4.2.4 Division

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

Operand1 / Operand2

The operands can be entered either directly or as a variable and can be of the type Text, Number or Date/Time.

Examples

Operand1

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number 1.2 / 3 = 0.4 Operand2 must not be zero!

Text Text Text "Metrohm" / "AG" = invalid This operation is not allowed.

Operand2 Result Example Remark

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￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

2.4 Formula editor

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remark

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Time Time Number Time(1998;04;06) /

Time(1964;02;03) = 1.533 (for UTC

+1 or +2 for summer time)

Operand of different type: The operand which does not correspond to the result type is converted to the relevant result type before the operation.

Number Text Text 1.2 / "Metrohm" = invalid This operation is not allowed.

Text Number Text "Metrohm" / 1.2 = invalid This operation is not allowed.

Number Time Number 10'000 / Time(1999;10;7) = 274 (for

UTC+2)

Time Number Number Time(1999;02;17) / 10'000 = 3.621

(for UTC+1)

Text Time Text "Metrohm" / Time(1999;10;7) =

invalid

Time Text Text Time(1999;10;7) / "Metrohm" =

invalid

Result: Number of days calculated from December 1899, dependent on the system time

This operation is not allowed.

2.4.4.2.5 Potentiation

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

Operand1 ^ Operand2

The operands can be entered either directly or as a variable and can be of the type Text, Number or Date/Time.

Examples

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remark

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number 1.2 ^ 3 = 1.728 Complex results (which com-

prise +bi, i.e. a real and an imaginary component) are displayed as an error.

Text Text Text "Metrohm" ^ "AG" = invalid This operation is not allowed.

Time Time Number Time(1900;01;05) ^

Time(1900;01;02) = 196.371 (for UTC +1)

Operand of different type: The operand which does not correspond to the result type is converted to the relevant result type before the operation.

Number Text Text 1.2 ^ "Metrohm" = invalid This operation is not allowed.

Result: Number of days calculated from December 1899, dependent on the system time

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

tiBase 1.1

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remark

Text Number Text "Metrohm" ^ 1.2 = invalid This operation is not allowed.

2 General program functions

Number Time Number 1.2 ^ Time(1900;02;03) = 586.198

(for UTC+1)

Time Number Number Time(1999;10;7) ^ 2.5 =

253479847878.04 (for UTC+2)

Text Time Text "Metrohm" ^ Time(1999;10;7) =

invalid

Time Text Text Time(1999;10;7) ^ "Metrohm" =

invalid

2.4.4.3 Logical operators

2.4.4.3.1 AND

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

Operand1 AND Operand2

The operands can be entered either directly or as a variable and can be of the type Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1 = true, 0 = false). The following cases are possible:

Operand1 Operand2 Result

This operation is not allowed.

1 1 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

0 0 0

Examples

Operand1

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number 5 AND 4 --> 1

Text Text Number "Metrohm" AND "AG" --> 1

Time Time Number Time(1999;10;07) AND

Operands of a different type:

Operand2

Result Example Remark

4 AND 0 --> 0

"" AND "AG" --> 0

Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

Numbers greater than 0 are interpreted as 1 (true).

An empty character string ("") is interpreted as 0 (false), everything else as 1 (true). The first operation therefore corresponds to 1 AND 1 --> 1.

Time(): see Time(Date)

tiBase 1.1

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

2.4 Formula editor

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Operand1

Number Text Number 1.2 AND "1.2" --> 1

Text Number Number "Metrohm" AND 1.2 --> 1 The same rules apply here as for the previ-

Number Time Number 2.0 AND Time(1999;10;7) -->

Time Number Number Time(1999;10;7) AND 2.5 -->1The same rules apply here as for the previ-

Text Time Number "Metrohm" AND

Operand2

Result Example Remark

Before the operation, the operand of the

0 AND "1" --> 1

0 AND "0" --> 1

0 AND "" --> 0

0 AND Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

Time(1999;10;7) --> 1

"" AND Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

type Number is converted to the type Text, as a conversion from Text to Number is not advisable. During the second

operation, the 0 is therefore converted to "0", which corresponds to the logical value 1 (true), as every character string that is not empty is interpreted as 1.

ous operation.

Before the operation, the operand of the type Date/Time is converted to Number and all data from December 30, 1899 are interpreted as 1 (true).

ous operation.

Before execution of the operation, the operand of the type Date/Time is converted to the type Text and every character string that is not empty is interpreted as 1 (true).

Time Text Number Time(1999;10;7) AND

"Metrohm" --> 1

2.4.4.3.2 OR

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

Operand1 OR Operand2

Operand1 Operand2 Result

1 1 1

0 1 1

1 0 1

0 0 0

Examples

Operand1

Operand2 Result Example Remark

The same rules apply here as for the previous operation.

Operands of the same type:

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

tiBase 1.1

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Operand1 Operand2 Result Example Remark

2 General program functions

Number Number Number 5 OR 4 --> 1

4 OR 0 --> 1

Text Text Number "Metrohm" OR "AG" --> 1

"" OR "Metrohm" --> 1

"" OR "" --> 0

Time Time Number Time(1999;10;07) OR

Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

Operand of different type: The operand which does not correspond to the result type is converted to the relevant

result type before the operation.

Number Text Number 1.2 OR "1.2" --> 1

0 OR "" --> 1

Text Number Number "Metrohm" OR 1.2 --> 1 The same rules apply here as for the pre-

Numbers greater than 1 are automatically interpreted as 1 (true)

An empty character string ("") is interpreted as 0 (false), everything else as 1 (true). The first operation therefore corresponds to 1 OR 1 --> 1

Time(): see Time(Date)

Before the operation, the operand of the type Number is converted to the type Text, as a conversion from Text to Number is not advisable. During the second operation, the 0 is therefore converted to "0", which corresponds to the logical value 1 (true), as every character string that is not empty is interpreted as 1.

vious operation.

Number Time Number 2.0 OR Time(1999;10;7) --> 1

0 OR Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

Time Number Number Time(1999;10;7) OR 2.5 --> 1 The same rules apply here as for the pre-

Text Time Number "Metrohm" OR

Time(1999;10;7) --> 1

Time Text Number Time(1999;10;7) OR

"Metrohm" --> 1

Before the operation, the operand of the type Date/Time is converted to Number and all data from December 30, 1899 are interpreted as 1 (true).

vious operation.

Before execution of the operation, the operand of the type Date/Time is converted to the type Text and every character string that is not empty is interpreted as 1 (true).

The same rules apply here as for the previous operation.

2.4.4.4 Relational operators

2.4.4.4.1 Equal to

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

Operand1 = Operand2

tiBase 1.1

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

2.4 Formula editor

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

The operands can be entered either directly or as a variable and can be of the type Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1 = true, 0 = false).

Examples

Operand1

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number 5 = 5 --> 1

Text Text Number "Metrohm" = "AG" --> 0

Time Time Number Time(1998;04;06) =

Operands of a different type:

Number Text Number 1.2 = "1.2" --> 11.2 =

Text Number Number "Metrohm" = 1.2 --> 0 The same rules apply here as for the previous

Number Time Number 2.0 = Time(1999;10;07) -->0Before the operation, the operand of the

Operand2

Result Example Remark

4 = 5 --> 0

When making a comparison between two

"aG" = "AG" --> 0

Time(1964;02;03) --> 0

"Metrohm" --> 0

texts the ASCII value of the character sequence is compared (see Chapter

2.4.4.10, page 66). Attention: Uppercase and lowercase letters have different values!

(see Chapter 2.4.4.6.2, page 54)

Before the relational operation, the Number is converted to Text, afterwards the texts are compared according to ASCII value (see Chapter 2.4.4.10, page 66).

operation.

type Date/Timeis converted to Number. During execution of the operation, the exact value is always used after this conversion, even if maximum 5 places after the comma can be displayed (see Chapter 2.4.4.7.5, page 59).

Time Number Number Time(1999;10;7) = 2.0 --> 0 The same rules apply here as for the previous

operation.

Text Time Number "Metrohm" =

Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

Time Text Number Time(1999;10;07) =

"Metrohm" --> 0

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Before the operation, the operand is converted from the type Date/Time to Text (here thus: "1999-10-07 00:00:00 UTC+2"), afterwards the texts are compared according to ASCII value (see Chapter 2.4.4.10, page

66).

The same rules apply here as for the previous operation.

tiBase 1.1

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

2.4.4.4.2 Greater than

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

Operand1 > Operand2

The operands can be entered either directly or as a variable and can be of the type Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1 = true, 0 = false).

Examples

2 General program functions

Operand1

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number 5 > 4 --> 1

Text Text Number "Metrohm" > "AG" --> 1

Time Time Number Time(1998;04;06) >

Operands of a different type:

Number Text Number 1.2 > "Metrohm" --> 01.23 >

Text Number Number "Metrohm" > 1.2 --> 1 The same rules apply here as for the previ-

Operand2

Result Example Remark

4 > 5 --> 0

When making a comparison between two

"Aarau" > "Zug" --> 0

Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

"1.2" --> 1

texts the ASCII value of the character sequence is compared (see Chapter

2.4.4.10, page 66). Attention: Upper- case and lowercase letters have different values!

(see Chapter 2.4.4.6.2, page 54)

Before the relational operation, the Number is converted to Text, afterwards the texts are compared according to ASCII value (see Chapter 2.4.4.10, page 66).

ous operation.

Number Time Number 2.0 > Time(1999;10;07) --> 0 Before the comparison, the operand is

converted from the type Date/Time to a Number.

Time Number Number Time(1999;10;07) > 2.0 --> 1 The same rules apply here as for the previ-

ous operation.

Text Time Number "Metrohm" >

Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

Time Text Number Time(1999;10;7) >

"Metrohm" --> 0

tiBase 1.1

Before the operation, the operand is converted from the type Date/Time to Text (here thus: "1999-10-07 00:00:00 UTC +2"), afterwards the texts are compared according to ASCII value (see Chapter

2.4.4.10, page 66).

The same rules apply here as for the previous operation.

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

2.4 Formula editor

2.4.4.4.3 Greater than or equal to

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

Operand1 >= Operand2

The operands can be entered either directly or as a variable and can be of the type Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1 = true, 0 = false).

Examples

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Operand1

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number 5 >= 4 --> 1

Text Text Number "Metrohm" >= "AG" --> 1 When making a comparison between two

Time Time Number Time(1998;04;06) >=

Operands of a different type:

Number Text Number 1.2 >= "1.2" --> 11.2 >=

Text Number Number "Metrohm" >= 1.2 --> 1 The same rules apply here as for the previ-

Operand2

Result Example Remark

4 >= 5 --> 0

texts the ASCII value of the character sequence is compared (see Chapter

2.4.4.10, page 66). Attention: Upper- case and lowercase letters have different values!

(see Chapter 2.4.4.6.2, page 54)

Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

Before the relational operation, the Num-

"Metrohm" --> 0

ber is converted to Text, afterwards the texts are compared according to ASCII value (see Chapter 2.4.4.10, page 66).

ous operation.

Number Time Number 2.0 >= Time(1999;10;07) -->0Before the comparison, the operand is con-

verted from the type Date/Time to a Number.

Time Number Number Time(1999;10;07) >= 2.0 -->1The same rules apply here as for the previ-

ous operation.

Text Time Number "Metrohm" >=

Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

Time Text Number Time(1999;10;7) >=

"Metrohm" --> 0

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Before the operation, the operand is converted from the type Date/Time to Text (here thus: "1999-10-07 00:00:00 UTC +2"), afterwards the texts are compared according to ASCII value (see Chapter

2.4.4.10, page 66).

The same rules apply here as for the previous operation.

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2.4.4.4.4 Less than

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

Operand1 < Operand2

The operands can be entered either directly or as a variable and can be of the type Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1 = true, 0 = false).

Examples

2 General program functions

Operand1

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number 5 < 4 --> 0

Text Text Number "Metrohm" < "AG" --> 0 When making a comparison between two

Time Time Number Time(1998;04;06) <

Operands of a different type:

Number Text Number 1.2 < "Metrohm" --> 11.2 <

Text Number Number "Metrohm" < 1.2 --> 0 The same rules apply here as for the previ-

Operand2

Result Example Remark

4 < 5 --> 1

texts the ASCII value of the character sequence is compared (see Chapter

2.4.4.10, page 66). Attention: Upper- case and lowercase letters have different values!

(see Chapter 2.4.4.6.2, page 54)

Time(1964;02;03) --> 0

Before the relational operation, the Num-

"1" --> 0

ber is converted to Text, afterwards the texts are compared according to ASCII value (see Chapter 2.4.4.10, page 66).

ous operation.

Number Time Number 2.0 < Time(1999;10;07) -->1Before the comparison, the operand is con-

verted from the type Date/Time to a Number.

Time Number Number Time(1999;10;07) < 2.0 -->0The same rules apply here as for the previ-

ous operation.

Text Time Number "Metrohm" <

Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

Time Text Number Time(1999;10;7) <

"Metrohm" --> 1

tiBase 1.1

Before the operation, the operand is converted from the type Date/Time to Text (here thus: "1999-10-07 00:00:00 UTC +2"), afterwards the texts are compared according to ASCII value (see Chapter

2.4.4.10, page 66).

The same rules apply here as for the previous operation.

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

2.4 Formula editor

2.4.4.4.5 Less than or equal to

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

Operand1 <= Operand2

The operands can be entered either directly or as variables and can be of the type Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1 = true, 0 = false).

Examples

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Operand1

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number 5 <= 4 --> 0

Text Text Number "Metrohm" <= "AG" --> 0 When making a comparison between two

Time Time Number Time(1998;04;06) <=

Operands of a different type:

Number Text Number 2 <= "1.2" --> 01.2 <=

Text Number Number "Metrohm" <= 1.2 --> 0 The same rules apply here as for the previ-

Operand2

Result Example Remark

4 <= 5 --> 1

texts the ASCII value of the character sequence is compared (see Chapter

2.4.4.10, page 66). Attention: Upper- case and lowercase letters have different values!

(see Chapter 2.4.4.6.2, page 54)

Time(1964;02;03) --> 0

Before the relational operation, the Num-

"Metrohm" --> 1

ber is converted to Text, afterwards the texts are compared according to ASCII value (see Chapter 2.4.4.10, page 66).

ous operation.

Number Time Number 2.0 <= Time(1999;10;07) --

> 1

Time Number Number Time(1999;10;07) <= 2.0 --

> 0

Text Time Number "Metrohm" <=

Time(1999;10;07) --> 0

Time Text Number Time(1999;10;7) <=

"Metrohm" --> 1

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Before the comparison, the operand is converted from the type Date/Time to a Num- ber.

The same rules apply here as for the previous operation.

Before the operation, the operand is converted from the type Date/Time to Text (here thus: "1999.10.07"), afterwards the texts are compared according to ASCII value (see Chapter 2.4.4.10, page 66).

The same rules apply here as for the previous operation.

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2.4.4.4.6 Not equal to

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

Operand1 <> Operand2

The operands can be entered either directly or as a variable and can be of the type Text, Number or Date/Time. The result type is always a number (1 = true, 0 = false).

Examples

2 General program functions

Operand1

Operands of the same type:

Number Number Number 5 <> 4 --> 1

Text Text Number "Metrohm" <> "AG" --> 1 When making a comparison between two

Time Time Number Time(1998;04;06) <>

Operands of a different type:

Number Text Number 1.2 <> "1.2" --> 01.2 <>

Text Number Number "Metrohm" <> 1.2 --> 1 The same rules apply here as for the previ-

Operand2

Result Example Remark

5 <> 5 --> 0

texts the ASCII value of the character sequence is compared (see Chapter

2.4.4.10, page 66). Attention: Upper- case and lowercase letters have different values!

(see Chapter 2.4.4.6.2, page 54)

Time(1964;02;03) --> 1

Before the relational operation, the Num-

"Metrohm" --> 1

ber is converted to Text, afterwards the texts are compared according to ASCII value (see Chapter 2.4.4.10, page 66).

ous operation.

Number Time Number 2.0 <> Time(1999;10;07) -->1Before the comparison, the operand is con-

verted from the type Date/Time to a Number.

Time Number Number Time(1999;10;07) <> 2.5 -->1The same rules apply here as for the previ-

ous operation.

Text Time Number "Metrohm" <>

Time(1999;10;07) --> 1

Time Text Number Time(1999;10;7) <>

"Metrohm" --> 1

tiBase 1.1

Before the operation, the operand is converted from the type Date/Time to Text (here thus: "1999-10-07 00:00:00 UTC +2"), afterwards the texts are compared according to ASCII value (see Chapter

2.4.4.10, page 66).

The same rules apply here as for the previous operation.

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

2.4 Formula editor

2.4.4.5 Arithmetical functions

2.4.4.5.1 Exponential function

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = Exp(number)

Calculates e ^ number. Other notation for y = e Euler number (e = 2.71828…).

Parameters

Number 　 Exponent

The parameter can be indicated either directly as a number or as a variable of the type Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the expected type, it will automatically be converted to this. If this is not possible, the result of this operation is given as invalid.

Examples

Exp(1.5) = 4.48169

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

(number)

, whereby e is the

2.4.4.5.2

Exp('CV.AverageTemp') = Power of the exponent (common variable CV.AverageTemp) for base e

Natural logarithm

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = Ln(number)

Gives the logarithm of the entered number for base e. Alternative notation for y = loge(number), whereby e is the Euler number (e = 2.71828…).

Parameters

Number 　 > 0

Examples

Ln(3) = 1.09861

Ln('CV.AverageTemp') = Natural logarithm of the value of the common variable CV.AverageTemp for base e

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

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2.4.4.5.3 Common logarithm

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = Log(number)

Gives the logarithm of the entered number for base 10. Alternative notation for y = log10(number).

Parameters

Number　 > 0

Examples

Log(10) = 1

Log('CV.AverageTemp') = Common logarithm of the value of the com- mon variable CV.AverageTemp

2 General program functions

2.4.4.5.4

Square root

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = Sqrt(number)

Gives the square root of the entered number. Alternative notation for y = √ number or y = 2√ number.

Parameters

Number　 ≥ 0

Examples

Sqrt(33) = 5.745

Sqrt('CV.AverageTemp') = Square root of the value of the common variable CV.AverageTemp

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2.4 Formula editor

2.4.4.5.5 Absolute value

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = Abs(number)

Gives the absolute value of the entered number, i.e. the value of the number irrespective of its sign.

Parameters

Number

Examples

Abs(-55.3) = 55.3

Abs('CV.AverageTemp') = Value of the common variables CV.AverageTemp without signs

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2.4.4.5.6

Fraction

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = Frac(number)

Gives the fraction of the entered number.

Note

In the results properties, the number Decimal places of the result must always be given, as otherwise the fraction cannot be displayed.

Parameters

Number

Examples

Frac(-55.325) =0.325

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Frac('CV.AverageTemp') = Value of the common variable CV.AverageTemp without sign

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2.4.4.5.7 Integer

2 General program functions

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = Int(number)

Gives the integer of the entered number.

Parameters

Number

Examples

Int(-55.325) = -55

Int('CV.AverageTemp') = Integer of the value of the common variable CV.AverageTemp

2.4.4.5.8

Rounding integer

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = Round(number)

Gives the rounded value of the entered number as a whole number.

Note

If the first decimal place is 5 or greater, the number is rounded up to the next whole number (commercial rounding).

Parameters

Number

Examples

Round(-55.5259) = -56

tiBase 1.1

Round('CV.AverageTemp') = Rounded value of the common variable CV.AverageTemp

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

2.4 Formula editor

2.4.4.5.9 Sign

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = Sign(number)

Gives the sign of the entered number: 1 for a positive number, -1 for a negative number.

Parameters

Number

Examples

Sign(-55.3) = -1

Sign(26.115) = 1

2.4.4.5.10

Sign('CV.AverageTemp') = Sign of the value of the common variable CV.AverageTemp

Quantiles of the Student's t-distribution

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

ts = Tinv(Probability; Degrees of freedom)

Calculates the quantiles of the Student's t-distribution for two-sided intervals.

The result describes the half interval length as a multiple of the standard deviation of a sampling totality with given degrees of freedom within which, with the indicated probability, the mean value of the distribution lies, when the interval is centered on the mean value of the sampling totality.

Parameters

Probability

Type number, value range: 0 ... 1. Direct entry as number or as formula providing a number. If the type of value is non-permitted, then the result will become invalid. This is to indicate the probability with which the unknown mean value of the t-distributed result is expected to lie within the two-sided interval.

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Degrees of freedom

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2 General program functions

Type number, value range: 1 ... n. Direct entry as number or as formula providing a number. If the type of value is non-permitted, then the result will become invalid. The number of independent samplings for calculating the standard deviation, reduced by the number of adjusted parameters for the model to which the standard deviation refers, must be specified as degrees of freedom (Degrees of freedom = Number of samplings − Number of parameters).

Examples

Tinv(0.95; 9) = 2.26 : With a 10-fold determination (e.g. of a titer) half the interval length corresponds to 2.26 times the standard deviation.

Calculation of the confidence interval for a mean value of sampling: A variance-homogenous sampling with a range n for a normally

distributed quantity with an expected value µ has the mean value xm, the standard deviation s and the freedom degrees v = n − 1. Half the interval length ts ⋅ s/√ n then indicates how high the absolute difference between the mean value xm and the expected value µ maximally is within the given probability. The confidence interval is the full interval length, centered to the mean value: µ = xm ± ts ⋅ s/√ n.

2.4.4.6

Date/time functions

2.4.4.6.1 Time()

Titer determination: 0.991, 1.021, 0.995, 1.003, 1.007, 0.993, 0.998,

1.015, 1.003, 0.985

Mean value = 1.001

Standard deviation = 0.0111

Student's t-quantiles for a probability of 95% = 2.26

Confidence interval of the titer = 1.001 ± 0.008

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = Time()

Gives the current date and the current time.

Parameters

none

Return value

Current date and current time in the format yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss UTC ±xx

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2.4 Formula editor

UTC = Universal Time , from which the times in the various time zones of the earth are derived. CET (Central European Time) is equal to UTC plus 1 hour, in the summer time UTC plus 2 hours.

2.4.4.6.2 Time(Date)

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = Time(year; month; day)

Gives the entered figures in the format Date/Time.

Parameters

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Note

year

00…99 or 1000…9999

month 1…12

day 1…31

A parameter can be indicated either directly as a number or as a variable of the type Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the expected type, it will automatically be converted to this. If this is not possible, the result of this operation is given as invalid.

Note

Only the integral part is used for all parameters.

A variable of the type Date/Time cannot be transferred as a parameter here.

Both for the automatic and explicit conversion of a Time to the type Number, the number of days are counted since December 30, 1899 at 01 hours.

Attention: December 30, 1899 01 hour = 0.00000 days, this number is rounded off to 5 decimal places, but a relational operation for example is carried out with the exact value!

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Return value

Date/Time in the format yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss UTC ±xx

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2 General program functions

Note

UTC = Universal Time , from which the times in the various time zones

of the earth are derived. CET (Central European Time) is equal to UTC plus 1 hour, in the summer time UTC plus 2 hours.

Examples

Time(2004;02;02) = 2004-02-02 00:00:00 UTC +1 (dependent on the system time)

Time('CV.Test year';'CV.Test month';'CV.Test day') = Date comprised of the common variables

2.4.4.6.3

Time(Date + Time)

Dialog window:

Syntax

y = Time(year; month; day; hour; minute; second)

Gives the entered numbers in the format Date/Time.

Parameters

year

00…99 or 1000…9999

month 1…12

day 1…31

hour 0…23

minute 0…59

second 0…59

Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

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2.4 Formula editor

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Note

Only the integral part is used for all parameters.

A variable of the type Date/Time cannot be transferred as a parameter here.

Both for the automatic and explicit conversion of a Time to the type Number, the number of days are counted since December 30, 1899 at 01 hours.

Attention: December 30, 1899 01 hour = 0.00000 days, this number is rounded off to 5 decimal places, but a relational operation for example is carried out with the exact value!

Return value

Date/Time in the format yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss UTC ±xx

Note

UTC = Universal Time , from which the times in the various time zones

of the earth are derived. CET (Central European Time) is equal to UTC plus 1 hour, in the summer time UTC plus 2 hours.

Examples

Time(2004;06;02;10;30;25) = 2004-06-02 10:30:25 UTC +2

(dependent on the system time)

Time('CV.TestYear';'CV.TestMonth';'CV.TestDay';'CV.TestHour';'CV.TestMin';'CV.TestSek') = Date comprised of the common

variables

2.4.4.7

Type Conversion functions

2.4.4.7.1 NumberToText

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = NumberToText(numberl)

Gives the entered number as Text.

Parameters

Number

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

The parameter can be indicated either directly as a number or as a variable of the type Number.

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Examples

NumberToText(-55.3) = -55.3

NumberToText('CV.AverageTemp') = Vale of the common variable (AverageTemp) als Text

2.4.4.7.2 NumberToTime

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = NumberToTime(number)

Gives the entered number as Date/Time, whereby the number is interpreted as the number of days since December 30, 1899 at 01 hours.

Parameters

Number

The parameter can be indicated either directly as a number or as a variable of the type Number.

2 General program functions

2.4.4.7.3

Examples

NumberToTime(35545.526) = 1997-05-25 14:37:26 UTC+2 (dependent on the system time)

NumberToTime(35780.55) = 1997-12-16 14:12:00 UTC+1 (NumberToTime(35545.526) = 1997-05-25 14:37:26 UTC+2 (dependent on the system time)

NumberToTime('CV.TestDate') = Value of the common variable (TestDate) as Date/Time

TextToNumber

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = TextToNumber(Text)

Gives the entered text as a number.

Parameters

Text

The parameter may only contain numerical characters or variables of the type Text, as otherwise a type conversion is not possible. The result of this conversion or the calculation would then be invalid. In addition, text must be marked by inverted commas.

tiBase 1.1

Examples

TextToNumber("-55.3") = -55.3

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

2.4 Formula editor

TextToNumber('CV.DurchschnTemp') = Value of the variables (AverageTemp) as Number

TextToNumber('MV.ID1') = entered text of ID 1 as Number

2.4.4.7.4 TextToTime

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = TextToTime(Text;Format)

Gives the entered text as a Date/Time.

Parameters

Text

The parameter may only contain numerical characters or variables of the type Text, as otherwise a type conversion is not possible (Result = invalid). As a delimiter betwen Year, Month etc. you can use the following characters: slash (/), full stop (.), minus (-), semi-colon (;), colon (:), space and comma. You can determine the order of the individual data yourself, but must indicate this in the Format parameter.

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Format

Indicates in which format or order the text has been entered. This parameter must be marked by inverted commas and can comprise the following code characters:

Characters Significance

y Year

M Month

d Day

H Hour 0…23

h Hour AM/PM

m Minute

s Second

a AM/PM marking

Note

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

If you indicate the time in the format AM/PM, it is necessary in addition to the formatting character h to use the AM/PM marking a (see first example below).

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2 General program functions

Examples

TextToTime("2004-12-3 5:22:01 PM";"yMdhmsa") = 2004-12-03 17:22:01 UTC+1 (dependent on the system time)

TextToTime("12-15-01 2001:3:5";"HmsyMd") = 2001-03-05 12:15:01 UTC+1 (dependent on the system time)

TextToTime('CV.TestDate';'CV.TestFormat') = Values of the com-

mon variables in the time format indicated

TextToTime('MV.ID1';'CV.TestFormat') = entered text of ID1 in the time format indicated

2.4.4.7.5

TimeToNumber

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = TimeToNumber(Time)

Gives the entered number as a Number.

Note

Both for the automatic and explicit conversion of a Time to the type Number the number of days are counted since December 30, 1899 at 01 hours.

Attention: December 30, 1899 01 hours = 0.00000 days, this number

is rounded off to 5 decimal places, but a relational operation for example is carried out with the exact value.

Parameters

Time

This parameter can be indicated either in the form of a time function or as a variable of the type Time.

tiBase 1.1

Examples

TimeToNumber(Time()) = current date and current time represented as Number (in days since December 1899)

TimeToNumber(Time(1999;12;31;23;59;59)) = 36525.95832

TimeToNumber(Time('TestYear';'TestMonth';'TestTag')) = Value of the common variables as number of days as a Number

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

2.4 Formula editor

2.4.4.7.6 TimeToText

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = TimeToText(Time)

Gives the time entered as Text.

y = TimeToText(Time;Format)

Gives the time entered as Text in the required format.

Parameters

Time

This parameter can be indicated either in the form of a time function or as a variable of the type Date/Time.

Format

Indicates in which format or order the time is to be output as text. This parameter can comprise the following code characters and must be marked by inverted commas:

￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭￭

Characters Significance Example

y two-digit year number 03

yyyy four-digit year number 1999

M one or two-digit month number 4, 12

MM two-digit month number 04, 12

MMM Month name short form Jul, Aug

MMMM Month name July, August

d one or two-digit day number 2, 25

dd two-digit day number 02, 25

h one-digit or two-digit hour number

(1…12 AM/PM)

hh two-digit hour number (1…12 AM/

PM)

H one-digit or two-digit hour number

(0…23)

HH two-digit hour number (0…23) 08, 17

m one or two-digit minute number 2, 25

5, 11

05, 11

8, 17

mm two-digit minute number 02, 25

s one or two-digit second number 3, 55

ss two-digit second number 03, 55

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tiBase 1.1

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Characters Significance Example

E Weekday short form Mon, Tue, Wed

EEEE Weekday Monday, Tuesday

2 General program functions

D one, two or three-digit number of

the day in the year

DD two or three-digit number of the day

in the year

DDD three-digit number of the day in the

year

F one-digit number of the weekday in

the month, e.g. the 2nd Monday in May

w one or two-digit number of the

week in the year

ww two-digit number of the week in the

year

W one-digit number of the week in the

month

a Format AM/PM AM, PM

' Inverted commas for entering any

text

'' Entry of ' '

2, 35, 142

02, 35, 142

002, 035, 142

5, 25

05, 25

Note

If you wish to indicate the time in the format AM/PM, it is necessary in addition to the formatting character h to use the AM/PM marking a (see last example below).

Examples

TimeToText(Time()) = current date and current time (system) as Text

TimeToText(Time(2004;05;04)) = 2004-05-04 00:00:00 UTC+2

(dependent on the system time)

TimeToText('CV.TestZeit') = Value of the common variable (type Time) as Text

TimeToText(Time(2000;12;31);"EEEE', 'dd'.'MMMM' 'yyyy") = Sunday, December 31, 2000

TimeToText(Time(1997;05;22);"M'/'d'/'yyyy', 'ha") = 5/22/1997, 12PM

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2.4 Formula editor

2.4.4.8 Text functions

2.4.4.8.1 TextPosition

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = TextPosition(Text ; sample text)

Gives the Index which indicates at which point the sample text appears for the first time in the Text. The numbering of the index begins at 1!

Parameters

Text

The parameter can be indicated either directly or as a variable of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Sample text

The parameter can be indicated either directly or as a variable of the type Text, Number or Date/Time. If the types of the two parameters do not coincide, the type is converted from Sample text to the type Text. If the Sample text is not included in the Text, the status invalid is given.

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Note

Entries of the type Number are always provided with a decimal place.

Example: TexPosition("12345";3) = invalid, as the 3 is converted to

3.0 before the operation in 3.0 and this is not included in the text.

Examples

TextPosition("Citric acid";"acid") = 9, the word "acid" occurs in the text from index number 9 onwards

TextPosition("Citric acid";"Acid") = invalid, the word "Acid" (capitalized) does not occur in the text

TextPosition("Citirc acid";"salt") = invalid, the word "salt" does not occur in the text

TextPosition(Time(2004;05;05);"5") = 7

TextPosition(3362.14;"6") = 3

TextPosition('MV.ID2';"Carbonate") = Index in which the word part "Carbonate" begins for the first time in the ID2

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2.4.4.8.2 SubText

2 General program functions

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = SubText(Text ; Position ; Length)

Gives that part of the text from Text which begins at the index Position and which has the length Length.

Parameters

Text

The parameter can be indicated either directly as text or as a variable of the type Text. If the parameter does not correspond to the expected type, it will automatically be converted to this. If this type conversion is not possible, the result of this operation is given as invalid.

Position

The numbering of the Position begins at 1. The parameter can be indicated either directly as a number or as a variable of the type Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the expected type, it will automatically be converted to this. If a type conversion is not possible or the position does not exist, the result of this operation is given as invalid.

2.4.4.8.3

Length

The parameter can be indicated either directly as a number or as a variable of the type Number. If the parameter does not correspond to the expected type, it will automatically be converted to this. It a type conversion is not possible or the length indicated here is greater than the length of the subtext, invalid is given

Examples

SubText("Citric acid";9;5) = acid

SubText("Citric acid";9;6) = invalid, only five characters exist from

position 9 onwards

SubText('MV.ID2';1;3) = the first three chracters of the identification 2

Trim

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = Trim(Text)

Gives the Text without spaces before and after.

y = Trim(Text ; sample text)

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Gives the Text without Sample text.

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2.4 Formula editor

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Parameters

Text

The parameter can be indicated either directly or as a variable of the type

Text, Number or Date/Time.

Sample text

Note

Entries of the type Number are always provided with a decimal place.

Example: Trim("12345";3) = 12345, as the 3 is converted to 3.0 before the operation and this is not included in the text.

Examples

Trim(" Citric acid ") = "Citric acid"

2.4.4.9

Miscellaneous functions

2.4.4.9.1 Case

Trim("Citric acid";"acid") = Lemons

Trim("Citric acid";"salt") = Citric acid

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = Case(Condition ; value_true ; value_false)

y = Case(Condition ; value_true ; value_false ; value_error)

Gives value_true if the condition is true. Otherwise value_false is given. If an error occurs in the condition (result invalid), value_error is given.

Parameters

Condition　Number

Any variable (type Number) can be entered here, or a relational or logic operation can be performed whose operators can be transferred either directly or as a variable. These can be of the type Text, Number or Date/ Time.

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Value_true

If condition <> 0, this parameter is saved as a result of the function. This parameter can be transferred either directly or as a variable and can be of

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2 General program functions

the type Text, Number or Date/Time. Entire operations can also be transferred here.

Value_false

If condition = 0, this parameter is saved as a result of the function. This parameter can be transferred either directly or as a variable and can be of the type Text, Number or Date/Time. Entire operations can also be transferred here.

Value_error

If condition = invalid, this parameter is saved as a result of the function. This parameter can be transferred either directly or as a variable and can be of the type Text, Number or Date/Time. Entire operations can also be transferred here.

Examples

Case('MV.ID1' = "";"ID1 empty";"ID1 not empty") = if no entry has been made for ID1 in the run window, the text ID1 empty, otherwise ID1 not emptywill be saved in the result.

2.4.4.9.2

Case('RS.IntermediateRes' > 5.5;"Intermediate result too high";'RS.IntermediateRes' * 26.5;"Error occurred") = If the result "IntermediateRes" is greater than 5.5, the text "Intermediate result too high" will be written into the result, otherwise the intermediate result

will be multiplied by 26.5. If an error occurs during the comparison ('RS.IntermediateRes' > 5.5), "Error occurred" will be saved as a result of this operation.

Error

Dialog window: Formula editor ▶ Operators/Functions

Syntax

y = Error(value)

Gives +1 if the value is invalid (error) or 0 if the valie is valid. This function can be used e.g. to check variables for their existence or validity.

Parameters

Value

The variable to be tested.

Examples

Error('RS.IntermediateRes') = 0: the intermediate result was able to be calculated.

tiBase 1.1

Error('RS.ZwischenRes') = 1: the intermediate result is invalid.

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2.4 Formula editor

2.4.4.10 ASCII table

Dialog window: Formula editor

Only characters that can be printed are listed in the table below:

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ASCII value

(dec)

32 Space 64 At sign (@) 96 Accent grave (`)

33 Exclamation

34 Quotation mark

35 Hash mark (#) 67 C 99 c

36 Dollar ($) 68 D 100 d

37 Percent (%) 69 E 101 e

38 Commercial

39 Inverted comma

40 Opening paren-

41 Closing paren-

Characters ASCII value

(dec)

65 A 97 a

mark (!)

66 B 98 b

(")

70 F 102 f

"and" (&)

71 G 103 g

(')

72 H 104 h

theses (()

73 I 105 i

theses ())

Characters ASCII value

(dec)

Characters

42 Multiplication

sign (*)

43 Addition sign (+) 75 K 107 k

44 Apostrophe (´) 76 L 108 l

45 Subtraction sign

(-)

46 Point (.) 78 N 110 n

47 Slash mark (/) 79 O 111 o

48 0 80 P 112 p

49 1 81 Q 113 q

50 2 82 R 114 r

51 3 83 S 115 s

52 4 84 T 116 t

53 5 85 U 117 u

54 6 86 V 118 v

74 J 106 j

77 M 109 m

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2 General program functions

ASCII value

(dec)

Characters ASCII value

55 7 87 W 119 w

56 8 88 X 120 x

57 9 89 Y 121 y

58 Colon (:) 90 Z 122 z

59 Semi-colon (;) 91 Square paren-

60 Less than (<) 92 Backslash (\) 124 Vertical stroke (¦)

61 Equals (=) 93 Square paren-

62 Greater than (>) 94 Circumflex (^) 126 Tilde (~)

63 Question mark

(?)

2.4.5 Molar mass calculator

Dialog window: Molar mass calculator

The dialog window molar mass calculator is used for the simple entry of molar masses into the formula editor and is opened with the button

Characters ASCII value

(dec)

theses ([)

theses (])

95 Underscore (_)

(dec)

123 Curly parenthe-

125 Curly parenthe-

Characters

ses ({)

ses (})

Mode of operation

The molecular formula of any chemical compound can be entered in the Molecular formula field, after which pressing [OK] will cause the molar mass of the compound to be calculated and entered directly into the formula editor.

The molecular formula can be entered either directly or by clicking on the symbols of the periodic system.

Examples

Molecular

Molar mass

formula

H2SO4 98.0734

Ca(OH)2 74.09268

AlCl3*6H2O 238.43174

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2.5 Editing

Selects the month

Selects the year

Selects the day

Selected date

2.5 Editing

2.5.1 Select date

Dialog window: Select date

The dialog window Select date serves for entering a date in a field and is

opened with the button .

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2.5.2 Text editor

Dialog window: Text editor

The text editor serves for entering formatted text in text fields and is

opened with the button .

The toolbar of the text editor includes the following functions:

Cut selected text and copy it to the clipboard.

Copy selected text to the clipboard.

Paste text from the clipboard.

Open editor for entering a hyperlink (see Chapter 2.5.3, page 69).

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2 General program functions

Open formula editor for entering calculation formulas .(see Chapter 2.4, page 17)

Note

In order for results of formulas of the type Date to be output correctly, they must be converted for text windows with the function TimeTo- Text(see Chapter 2.4.4.7.6, page 60) to Text.

Font size in pt.

Select font color.

2.5.3 Hyperlink

Bold.

Italic.

Underlined.

Left-justified.

Centered.

Right-justified.

Dialog window: Hyperlink

The dialog window Hyperlink serves for entering a hyperlink in a field

Displayed text

tiBase 1.1

and is opened with the button .

Designation of the hyperlink that is displayed.

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2.5 Editing

Link target

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Address of the link target to which the hyperlink refers (Web site, E-mail address, file,...).

The button opens a selection dialog in order to link a file as a link target.

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3 Configuration

3.1 Configuration - General

3.1.1 Configuration - Definition

Program part: Configuration

Definition

In tiBase, configuration is to be understood as settings for data import, security settings, user administration, program administration and templates.

Organization

All configuration data is saved in the configuration database. In the local server systems (tiBase full) these are stored in the program directory of the computer on which the program has been installed. In client/server systems (tiBase multi) the configuration database is stored centrally on the server and saves and contains all the configuration data of all computers (clients) that are connected to this server.

3 Configuration

3.1.2 Configuration - User interface

Program part: Configuration

Configuration symbol

Clicking on the configuration symbol in the vertical bar at the left opens the Configuration program part while, at the same time, the configuration symbol is shown in color.

Elements

The user interface of the Configuration program part comprises the following elements:

￭ Configuration-specific menu bar. ￭ Configuration-specific toolbar. ￭ Main window in which 2 subwindows are displayed.

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3.1 Configuration - General

3.1.3 Configuration - Menu bar

3.1.3.1 Configuration - Main menus

Program part: Configuration

The menu bar in the Configuration program part includes the following main menu items:

￭ File

Export, import, back up, restore configuration data.

￭ View

Activate/deactivate the toolbar.

￭ Tools

User administration, Security settings, Program administration, Options.

￭ Help

Open program help, display program information.

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3.1.3.2

Export…

Import…

Backup ▶

Print (PDF)... ▶

Logout...

Exit

Configuration - File menu

Program part: Configuration

Export configuration data (see Chapter 3.3.1.1, page 98).

Import configuration data (see Chapter 3.3.1.2, page 99).

Automatic

Manual

User administration

Security settings

Back up configuration data automatically (see Chapter 3.3.2.1, page 100).

Back up configuration data manually (see Chapter 3.3.2.2, page 101).

Output user administration data as PDF file (see Chapter 3.2.1.1, page 75).

Output security settings as PDF file (see Chapter 3.2.2.1, page 83).

Log out user (see Chapter 2.2.3, page 10)

Exit the program.

3.1.3.3 Configuration - View menu

Program part: Configuration

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Toolbar

Activate/deactivate the toolbar display.

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3.1.3.4 Configuration - Tools menu

Program part: Configuration

3 Configuration

User administration…

Security settings… Options for login, password protection and electronic signature (see Chapter

Manage users and groups of users with access permissions, signature permissions and options (see Chapter 3.2.1.1, page 75).

3.2.2.1, page 83).

Program administration...

Options…

General settings for local server and client/server settings (see Chapter 3.2.3.1, page 93).

Set program options (see Chapter 3.3.3.1, page 102).

3.1.3.5 Help Menu

Configuration / Database

tiBase Help

About

Program part:

Open tiBase help.

Displays information about the program and the installation.

3.1.4 Configuration - Toolbar

Program part: Configuration

User administration…

Security settings… Options for login, password protection, Audit Trail and electronic signature (see

Manage users and groups of users with access permissions, signature permissions and options (see Chapter 3.2.1.1, page 75).

Chapter 3.2.2.1, page 83).

Logout...

tiBase Help

Log out user (see Chapter 2.2.3, page 10).

Open tiBase Help.

3.1.5 Configuration - Subwindows

Program part: Configuration

Selection

The following subwindows are displayed in the main window:

￭ Import processes

Shows the details for reading-in PC/LIMS reports of different analysis instruments in tabular form.

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3.1 Configuration - General

￭ Import protocol

Shows the log entries since the last program start.

Presentation

The subwindows can be enlarged or made smaller to suit by dragging the separating bar between the windows.

By clicking on the button above at the right, the subwindows can be maximized so that only one subwindow is displayed in the main window. The original view of all subwindows is restored when the button in the maximized subwindow is clicked on again.

3.1.6 Configuration - Functions

Program part: Configuration

The following functions can be carried out in the Configuration program part:

Views

￭ Toolbar

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User administration

￭ Manage user groups ￭ Access permissions ￭ Signatures ￭ Options ￭ Users

Security settings

￭ Login/password protection ￭ Electronic signature ￭ Default reasons

Program administration

￭ Backup directories ￭ Clients ￭ Licenses

Export/import of configuration data

￭ Export configuration data ￭ Import configuration data

Back up/restore configuration data

￭ Back up configuration data automatically ￭ Back up configuration data manually ￭ Restore configuration data

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Options

￭ General program properties

3.1.7 View

3.1.7.1 Views - General

Program part: Configuration

Definition

The term View is used to designate the contents and design of the main window in the Configuration and Database program parts. In contrast to the Database program part, the Configuration program part has only one view.

Function

￭ Toolbar

Activate/deactivate the toolbar.

Load automatically

At the program start the view with the following subwindows is opened:

3 Configuration

Import processes, Import protocols

Export/import

Views can also be exported and imported. In this way these views can be exchanged between different client/server systems.

3.1.7.2

Toolbar

Menu item: Configuration ▶ View ▶ Toolbar

The toolbar can be enabled or disabled with the Configura- tion ▶ View ▶ Toolbar menu item.

3.2 Administration

3.2.1 User administration

3.2.1.1

User administration

Dialog window: Configuration ▶ Tools ▶ User administration

Overview

User groups and their users can be managed in the User administration dialog window. Access rights for menu items and functions, signature permissions and default views can be defined for the individual program parts for each user group. In the case of client/server systems, the user administration is globally valid for all connected clients (central user administration).

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3.2 Administration

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During installation, the three user groups Administrators (with the user Admin1), Users and Removed users (each without any users) are auto-

matically created. All groups can be renamed; the Administrators group is the only group that cannot be deleted.

The user administration data can be exported and imported. In this way this data can be exchanged between different client/server systems.

The user administration data can be output as PDF file with the File ▶ Print (PDF) ▶ User administration menu item.

Structure

The User administration dialog window is divided into two parts, the size of which can be modified with the mouse. The user groups with their assigned users are listed in a tree in the left-hand part; the right-hand side shows details of the selected items.

Each user group, with the exception of the Removed users group, contains the following items:

￭ Access permissions

Assignment of access permissions to the four program parts and their menu bars.

￭ Signatures

Assignment of signature permissions for methods and determinations.

￭ Options

Definition of the view for the individual program parts.

￭ Users

Details regarding the user.

Functions

The following functions can be carried out in the User administration dialog window:

￭ Add user groups ￭ Copy user groups ￭ Rename user groups ￭ Delete user groups ￭ Define access permissions for user groups ￭ Define signature permissions for user groups ￭ Define options for user groups ￭ Add users ￭ Set start password for new user ￭ Deactivate users ￭ Activate users ￭ Remove users

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3.2.1.2 User groups

3.2.1.2.1 User groups - Details

Dialog window: Configuration ▶ Tools ▶ User administration

If a user group is selected in the left-hand side of the User administra- tion dialog window, then details of this user group will be shown on the right-hand side together with a table containing all of its members.

Group data

Group name

Display of the name of the user group.

Description

Description of the user group.

Entry 256 characters

[Rename group]

Rename the selected user group.

3 Configuration

[Delete group]

[Copy group]

[Add group]

User

Full name

Status

Delete the selected user group.

Copy the selected user group.

Add a new user group.

Group members

The table showing the group members contains information about all members of the selected user group. The table can neither be edited nor sorted.

Short name of the user.

Full name of the user.

Current user status.

tiBase 1.1

Selection enabled | disabled

enabled

The user can log in as usual.

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3.2 Administration

disabled

The user can no longer log in. The administrator must first assign him or her the status enabled and provide him or her with a new start password.

[Add user]

Add a new user to the user group.

3.2.1.2.2 User administration - Access permissions

Dialog window: Configuration ▶ Tools ▶ User administration

If the Access permissions item is highlighted for a user group in the lefthand part of the User administration dialog window, then the access permissions of this group for program parts, menu items and functions will be shown as a tree in the right-hand side of the window and can be modified there. If one item is deactivated, then all the subitems belonging to it will also be automatically deactivated. If a subitem, e.g. the Tools menu, is deactivated in the configuration, then the box for the configuration is colored gray. Blocked functions are deactivated for the particular users, i.e. shown in gray.

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3.2.1.2.3

Meaning of the symbols:

Expand view

Collapse view M Menu item

Full access to function(s) F Function

Limited access to function(s)

No access to function(s)

Note

All access permissions are switched on by default in the Administrators group and cannot be modified.

User administration - Signatures

Dialog window: Configuration ▶ Tools ▶ User administration

If the Signatures item is highlighted for a user group in the left-hand part of the User administration dialog window, then the permissions of this group will be shown in the right-hand part and can be modified there.

P Program part

Signature Level 1

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Permissions for determinations

If this check box is activated, then users in this user group can sign determinations electronically at level 1.

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Selection off | on Default value off

Signature Level 2 (Lock)

If this check box is activated, then users in this user group can sign determinations electronically at level 2 and at the same time lock them against further modifications.

Selection off | on Default value off

Delete signatures Level 2

If this check box is activated, then users in this user group can delete all signatures at level 2. This enables the determination to be edited again.

Selection off | on Default value off

3.2.1.2.4 User administration - Options

Dialog window: Configuration ▶ Tools ▶ User administration

3 Configuration

If the Options item is highlighted for a user group in the left-hand part of the User administration dialog window, then options for this group will be shown in the right-hand part and can be modified there.

Default database view

Selection of the view that will open in the Database program part as the default setting when the user logs in.

Selection Selection of the defined database views

Default configuration view

Selection of the view that will open in the Configuration program part as default setting when the user logs in.

Selection Selection of the defined configuration views

3.2.1.2.5 Adding a user group

Dialog window: Configuration ▶ Tools ▶ User administration ▶ [Add group] ▶ Add group

In order to add a new user group with default settings, an existing group must be selected and either the context-sensitive Add group menu item or the [Add group] button must be pressed. The Add group dialog window then opens afterwards.

Group name

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Name of the new group.

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3.2 Administration

Entry 24 characters

A new group with default settings is created under this name with [OK]; it does not contain any users. The Description field and the table of group members are empty.

3.2.1.2.6 Copying a user group

Dialog window: Configuration ▶ Tools ▶ User administration ▶ [Copy group] ▶ Copy group

Dialog window:

In order to copy a user group and save it under a new name, an existing group must be selected and either the context-sensitive Copy group menu item or the [Copy group] button must be pressed. This opens the

Copy group dialog window.

Group name

Name of the new group.

Entry 24 characters

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Pressing [OK] creates a new group under this name that has the same properties (access permissions, signature permissions, etc.) as the selected group; it does not contain any users. The Description field and the table of group members are empty.

3.2.1.2.7

Renaming a user group

Dialog window: Configuration ▶ Tools ▶ User administration ▶ [Rename group] ▶ Rename group

In order to rename a selected user group, either the context-sensitive Rename group menu item or the [Rename group] button must be pressed. This opens the Rename group dialog window.

Group name

Entry of the new group name.

Entry 24 characters

3.2.1.2.8 Deleting a user group

Function: Configuration ▶ Tools ▶ User administration ▶ [Delete group]

In order to delete a selected user group, either the context-sensitive Delete group menu item or the [Delete group] button must be pressed. The group is then deleted.

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Deleting user groups is only possible if the group no longer contains any users.

3.2.1.3 User

3.2.1.3.1 User - Details

Dialog window:

If a user group is selected in the left-hand side of the User administra- tion dialog window, then the details of this user will be shown on the right-hand side.

User

Display of the short name of the user that must be entered in the User field at the time of log in. This name is defined when a new user is created and cannot be subsequently modified.

3 Configuration

Note

Configuration ▶ Tools ▶ User administration

Full name

Status

Entry 24 characters

Full name of the user.

Entry 256 characters

Display of the current status of the user. Only users of the Administra- tors group can modify the status.

Selection enabled | disabled | removed

enabled

Users with enabled status can log in as usual. An exception is the first login after the change of status from disabled or removed to ena- bled. If this is the case, then a start password must be assigned with which the user can log in again.

disabled

Users with disabled status can no longer log in. They will be automatically set to this status as soon as the number of login attempts defined in the Security settings has been exceeded.

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3.2 Administration

Start password

[Set start password]

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removed

Users with the removed status can no longer log in. If the set status of a user is changed from enabled or disabled to removed, then the user will automatically be moved to the group Removed users. If the status of a removed user is changed back to enabled or disabled, then a dialog window will appear for selecting the group to which the user is to be assigned.

The invisible start password is shown with 6 * characters and must be entered by a new user the first time that the new user logs in or after a change in status from disabled or removed to enabled. The administrator must assign a new start password when adding a new user or when there is a change in status to enabled. If the user has logged in with the start password and then entered a new password afterwards, then the start password will be deleted once again.

Entry 50 characters

Opens the Start password dialog window. This button is enabled only for users with enabled status. If a user has forgotten his or her password, then the administrator can assign a new start password.

User group

Current user group. The administrator can modify the group assignment of the user. The user is automatically moved to the new group. A user can also be moved to a new group with Drag&Drop.

Selection Selection of the defined user groups

Remarks

Possibility of entering additional information for the user (e.g. function, address).

Entry 1000 characters

3.2.1.3.2 Adding a user

Dialog window: Configuration ▶ Tools ▶ User administration ▶ [Add user] ▶ Add user

There are two possible ways to add a new user:

￭ Select a user group and then the context-sensitive Add user menu

item.

￭ Select a user group and press the [Add user] button.

The Add user dialog window is then opened in both cases.

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User

Short name of the new user that must be used to log in at program start. After the name has been entered, a Start password must be issued with which the user is entered in the list of users.

Entry 24 characters

3.2.1.3.3 Setting a start password

Dialog window: Configuration ▶ Tools ▶ User administration ▶ [Set start pass- word] ▶ Set start password

A start password can be assigned for the selected user with the [Set start password] button in the User administration dialog window. It is

active only for newly added users or for those who once again have had their status set to enabled. The Start password dialog window opens.

Start password

Entry of a new start password. Password options are not used for the start password.

3 Configuration

Entry 50 characters

Confirm password

Confirmation of the start password.

Entry 50 characters

3.2.2 Security settings

3.2.2.1

Security settings

Dialog window: Configuration ▶ &Tools ▶ Security settings

Overview

Parameters for login, password protection and electronic signatures can be configured in the Security settings dialog window.

With client/server systems, the security settings are globally valid for all connected clients.

Security settings can be exported and imported. This means that these settings can be exchanged between different client/server systems.

The security settings can be output as a PDF file with the &File ▶ &Print (PDF)... ▶ &Security settings menu item.

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3.2 Administration

Recommended settings

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Recommended settings

on | off (Default value: off)

If this check box is activated, then the recommended default settings will be activated on all tabs.

Tabs

The security settings are configured on the following tabs:

￭ Login/password protection

Settings for login and password protection

￭ Modifications

Activation/deactivation of comments when determinations are modified

￭ Signatures

Options for electronic signatures

￭ Default reasons

Definition of reasons for signing and modifying methods, determinations and sample data.

3.2.2.2

Tab: Configuration ▶ &Tools ▶ Security settings ▶ Login/Password protection

Definition is made on the Login/Password protection tab as to whether the user must log in with name only or with name and password and how the password must be monitored and constructed.

Enforce login with user name

If this check box is activated, then each time the program starts the login window will appear in which the user must enter his or her user name. If this check box is deactivated, no login is necessary and the user logged in under Windows will be adopted as user name. If this is the case, then all subsequent parameters are deactivated.

Selection on | off Default value off

Enforce login with password

If this check box is activated, then each time the program starts the login window will appear in which the user must enter not only his or her user name but also a password. If this option is switched off, then all of the subsequent parameters will be deactivated.

Recommended setting: on (can no longer be edited)

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Selection on | off Default value off

Password monitoring by tiBase

If this option is switched on, then the password will be monitored by tiBase in accordance with the subsequent parameters.

Selection on | off Default value on

Password monitoring by Windows

If this option is switched on, then the password will be monitored in accordance with the parameters defined in Windows. The parameters for password protection are in this case deactivated.

Selection on | off Default value off

3 Configuration

Recommended setting: on (can no longer be edited)

Recommended setting: off (can no longer be edited)

Caution

In order to prevent an unwanted login by means of the Guest user category that is defined by default in Windows when performing password monitoring with Windows, it is imperative that this also be assigned a password or (even better) be deactivated.

Caution

If this option is switched on, then the user names in Windows and tiBase must necessarily match, because otherwise the user will no lon-

ger be able to log in to tiBase. In order to ensure this, once this selection has been made, the Test login dialog window (see Chapter

3.2.2.3, page 88) appears in which the logged-in user must log in with his or her Windows password. If this test login fails, then the Security settings dialog window will remain open.

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3.2 Administration

Note

For Windows 2000, proceed as follows for password monitoring by Windows:

1. Start/execute "secpol.msc".

2. Under "Local Policies/User Rights Assignment", activate the "Act as part of the operating system" policy for all desired user groups.

3. Restart the computer.

Maximum number of login attempts

If this check box is activated, then a user will be set to the disabled status as soon as the number of login attempts defined here has been exceeded. A user with the disabled status can no longer log in. The counter for the login attempts is reset for the respective user once he or she has logged in successfully.

Selection on | off Default value off

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Recommended setting: on (can no longer be edited)

Input range 2 - 5 Default value 3

Message by e-mail

If this check box is activated, then an e-mail will be sent to the address defined under [E-mail...] as soon as the defined number of login attempts has been exceeded.

If no definition of the e-mail parameters has been entered, the [E-mail...] dialog will be opened when the check box is activated.

Selection on | off Default value off

[E-mail...]

This button opens the Send e-mail window (see Chapter 3.2.2.7, page

91) for defining the e-mail parameters.

Logout policies

New login only for same user

Recommended setting: 3

Recommended setting: off

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If this check box is activated, then only the same user can log in again after a logout. Users with administrator rights can always log in.

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Automatic logout after

3 Configuration

Selection on | off Default value off

Recommended setting: off

If this check box is activated, then the user will be logged out automatically when no operating functions have been carried out with the keyboard or the mouse within this time. After this automatic logout, only a member of the same user group as the one to which the previously logged-off user belongs or a user with administrator rights can log in again.

Selection on | off Default value off

Recommended setting: off

Input range 1 - 60 min Default value 10 min

Recommended setting: 10

Password policies

If the Password monitoring by Windows option is switched on, then the parameters for password protection are deactivated. Compliance with the recommended settings must then be ensured by the administrator in Windows.

Enforce unique password

Activating this check box ensures that a user can use a given password

only once.

Selection on | off Default value off

Enforce use of special characters

Activating this check box ensures that the password must contain at

least one special character (@, #, ~ , etc.).

Selection on | off Default value off

Note

Recommended setting: on (can no longer be edited)

Recommended setting: off

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3.2 Administration

Minimum password length

Activating this check box ensures that the password must contain at

least the indicated number of characters.

Selection on | off Default value off

Input range 1 - 10 characters Default value 6 characters

Passwords expire every

Activating this check box ensures that the user must enter a new pass-

word before the validity period expires. When a user logs in whose password will expire within the next 10 days, a corresponding message will appear. If the validity period has expired, the user can only log in if he or she changes the password.

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Recommended setting: on (can no longer be edited)

Recommended setting: 6

Selection on | off Default value off

Recommended setting: on (can no longer be edited)

Input range 1 - 999 days Default value 365 days

Recommended setting: 365

3.2.2.3 Test login for password monitoring by Windows

Tab: Configuration ▶ &Tools ▶ Security settings ▶ Login/Password protec- tion ▶ Test login

If the Password monitoring by Windows option (see Chapter 3.2.2.2, page 84) is activated, then the Windows password of the user must be

entered in this dialog window. The test login is used to check whether the user name matches the Windows user name.

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User

Password

3 Configuration

Display of the current user name.

Entry of the Windows password.

It is only when the test login is successful that the Password monitoring by Windows can be used.

3.2.2.4

Changes

Tab: Configuration ▶ &Tools ▶ Security settings ▶ Modifications

Definition can also be set up on the Modifications tab as to whether or not, in the event of changes to determinations, a reason for the change and a change comment are required.

Comment on modification of determinations

If this check box is activated, then each time that a determination is modified a modification reason and a modification comment must be entered that will then be saved in the determination and displayed in the database in the Information subwindow on the Determination tab.

Selection on | off Default value off

Recommended setting: on (can no longer be edited)

3.2.2.5 Signatures

Tab: Configuration ▶ &Tools ▶ Security settings ▶ Signatures

The parameters for the electronic signature can be configured on the Sig-

natures tab.

Inactivity delay

tiBase 1.1

If this check box is activated, then the dialog window for signing will be automatically closed when the entered time limit has expired.

Selection on | off Default value off

Recommended setting: off

Input range 1 - 60 min Default value 10 min

Recommended setting: 10

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3.2 Administration

Remove password after signature

If this check box is activated, then the password must be entered again after each signature.

Selection on | off Default value off

Sign each determination separately

If this check box is activated, then each determination selected in the determination overview must be signed individually.

Selection on | off Default value off

3.2.2.6 Default reasons

Tab: Configuration ▶ &Tools ▶ Security settings ▶ Default reasons

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Recommended setting: on (can no longer be edited)

3.2.2.7 Sending e-mail

Dialog window: Configuration ▶ &Tools ▶ Security settings ▶ Login/Password pro- tection ▶ [E-mail...]

Mail to

E-mail address of the recipient.

Entry 200 characters

Subject

Title for describing the message.

Entry 200 characters

Message

The message defined here is sent as an e-mail when the maximum permitted number of login attempts has been exceeded.

The text editor for entering or changing the message is opened with or by double-clicking on the text field.

Selection Text (unlimited)

Mail from

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Sender

E-mail address of the sender.

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3.2 Administration

SMTP Server

Port

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Entry 200 characters

Address of the SMTP mail server.

Entry 200 characters

Port number of the SMTP mail server.

Input range 1 - 65536 Default value 25

Authentication

on | off (Default value: off)

Check box for activating the authentication of the sender when sending the e-mail and for selecting the authentication method.

Selection SMTP | SMTP after POP Default value SMTP

POP server

Port

User

Password

Address of the POP mail server.

Entry 200 characters

Port number of the POP mail server.

Input range 1 - 65536 Default value 110

Name of the user for access to mail server. The name need not match the Windows user name.

Entry 200 characters

Password for accessing the mail server. This password need not match the Windows password.

Entry 200 characters

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tiBase 1.1

Metrohm tiBase 1.1 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Table of contents

1.1 Welcome to tiBase

1 Introduction

1.2 Application

1.3 Operation

1.4 Instrument integration

1.5 Database

1.6 Communication

1.7 Conformity

1.8 Versions

1.9 Online help

2.1 Program parts

2.1.1 Program parts

2 General program functions

2.1.2 Database - User interface

2.2 Login/Password protection

2.1.3 Configuration - User interface

2.2.1 General information on login / password protection

2.2.2 Logging in

2.2.3 Logging out manually

2.2.4 Logging out automatically

2.2.5 Changing the password

2.3 Electronic signatures

2.3.1 Rules for electronic signatures

2.3.2 Procedure for electronic signatures

2.3.3 Signature Level 1

2.3.4 Signature level 2

2.3.5 Deleting signatures Level 2

2.4 Formula editor

2.4.1 Input field

2.4.2 Calculation algorithms

2.4.3 Variables

2.4.3.1 Variables - Overview

Method variables

2.4.3.3 Sample data variables

Command variables

Result variables

2.4.3.6 Determination variables

2.4.3.7 System variables

2.4.3.8 Common variables

2.4.3.9 Alphabetical command overview

2.4.4 Operators/functions

Operators/functions - Overview

2.4.4.2 Arithmetical operators

2.4.4.2.1 Addition

2.4.4.2.2 Subtraction

2.4.4.2.3 Multiplication

2.4.4.2.4 Division

2.4.4.2.5 Potentiation

2.4.4.3 Logical operators

2.4.4.3.1 AND

2.4.4.3.2 OR

2.4.4.4 Relational operators

2.4.4.4.1 Equal to

2.4.4.4.2 Greater than

2.4.4.4.3 Greater than or equal to

2.4.4.4.4 Less than

2.4.4.4.5 Less than or equal to

2.4.4.4.6 Not equal to

2.4.4.5 Arithmetical functions

2.4.4.5.1 Exponential function

Natural logarithm

2.4.4.5.3 Common logarithm

Square root

2.4.4.5.5 Absolute value

Fraction

2.4.4.5.7 Integer

Rounding integer

2.4.4.5.9 Sign

Quantiles of the Student's t-distribution

Date/time functions

2.4.4.6.1 Time()

2.4.4.6.2 Time(Date)

Time(Date + Time)

Type Conversion functions

2.4.4.7.1 NumberToText