KROHNE BM102 User Manual

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Page 1

Handbook

BM 102 MICROFLEX

T D R Level gauge

2-WIRE

Variable area flowmeters

Vor tex flowmeters

Flow controllers

Electromagnetic flowmeters

Ultrasonic flowmeters

Mass flowmeters

Level measuring instruments

Communications technology

Engineering systems & solutions

Switches, counters, displays and recorders

Heat metering

Pressure and temperature

KROHNE 03/2004 7.02267.22.00

Subject to change without notice.

Page 2

Table of contents

Device description and range of applications ……………………………………………………….. 4

Principal gauge components ……………………..………………………………………………….…. 4

Items included with supply …………………………………………………..…………………….……. 6

Documentation supplied …………………………………………………..……………………….……. 6

Product liability and warranty ………………………….………………………………………….……. 6

Mechanical installation.........................................................................................................7

1.1 Handling and storage ..............................................................................................................7

1.2 Installation restrictions.............................................................................................................8

1.3 Mounting on the tank...............................................................................................................8

1.3.1 Installation instructions: general notes ....................................................................................8

1.3.2 Installation instructions: nozzle................................................................................................9

1.3.3 Installation instructions: Gauge - all applications...................................................................11

1.3.4 Specific installation instructions: gauge - liquid applications .................................................14

1.3.5 Specific installation instructions: gauge - solid applications ..................................................16

Electrical connections ........................................................................................................18

2.1 Electrical installation instructions...........................................................................................18

2.1.1 Wiring general notes .............................................................................................................18

2.1.2 Wiring connections: DIN connector .......................................................................................18

2.1.3 Wiring connections: M16 terminal box ..................................................................................19

2.1.4 ’Ex’ equalizing conductor ......................................................................................................19

2.2 Power Supply........................................................................................................................20

2.2.1 Non-hazardous-duty version .................................................................................................20

2.2.2 Hazardous-duty version ........................................................................................................21

2.3 Electrical output.....................................................................................................................22

2.3.1 Network options ....................................................................................................................22

2.3.2 HART® communication protocol...........................................................................................22

User interface ......................................................................................................................23

3.1 Power-on and start-up...........................................................................................................23

3.2 Available user interfaces .......................................................................................................23

3.3 Operator control ....................................................................................................................23

3.3.1 PCSTAR 2 for Windows : basic installation & operating instructions ....................................23

3.3.2 Summary of User Functions in PCSTAR 2 (F2 – Configuration)...........................................27

3.3.3 Quick Configuration: configuration examples........................................................................33

3.3.4 HART® Communicator: installation & operating instructions ................................................38

3.3.5 Characters available for alpha-numerical data functions in PC STAR 2 and on the HART®

console..................................................................................................................................46

3.3.6 Local user display (instruments equipped with DIN connectors only) ...................................47

3.4 BM 102 MICROFLEX T.D.R. meter characteristics...............................................................48

3.4.1 Gauge operating logic when the reflection is lost ..................................................................49

3.4.2 Gain and voltage amplitude ..................................................................................................50

3.4.3 Level measurement when more than one phase or layer in the tank ....................................56

Service / Maintenance.........................................................................................................57

4.1 Replacement of the signal converter.....................................................................................57

4.2 Fault clearing.........................................................................................................................59

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Technical data.....................................................................................................................63

5.1 Technical data ......................................................................................................................63

5.1.1 Accuracy ............................................................................................................................... 65

5.1.2 Start-up characteristics .........................................................................................................66

5.2 BM 102 equipment architecture ............................................................................................67

5.2.1 BM 102 mechanical options (by probe type).........................................................................67

5.2.2 Definition of terms.................................................................................................................69

5.2.3 Probe measurement limits ....................................................................................................70

5.3 Gauge dimensions ................................................................................................................71

Measuring principle............................................................................................................72

6.1 General principle................................................................................................................... 72

6.1.1 Level measurement of one product.......................................................................................73

Certificates and Approvals ................................................................................................74

PCSTAR 2 software user’s guide ......................................................................................75

8.1 Software installation.............................................................................................................. 75

8.2 PCSTAR 2 software history .................................................................................................. 75

8.3 Supported networks ..............................................................................................................75

8.4 PCSTAR 2 functions .............................................................................................................75

8.4.1 F1 Help .................................................................................................................................76

8.4.2 F2-Connection: on-line functions ..........................................................................................76

8.4.3 F3 Exit:..................................................................................................................................84

8.4.4 F4 Serial (parameters): .........................................................................................................84

8.4.5 F5 Record (Reading): ...........................................................................................................84

8.4.6 F9 Colors ..............................................................................................................................87

8.4.7 Other important PCSTAR 2 functions ...................................................................................87

8.5 Fault Clearing PCSTAR 2 ..................................................................................................... 88

Appendix A: BM 102 Level Gauge Configuration Record ………………………………………... 89

Appendix B: BM 102 – CE Declaration of Conformity…………………………………………..…. 90

Appendix C: Returning a device for testing or repair to KROHNE …………………………..…. 91

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Device description and range of applications

The BM 102 MICROFLEX level gauge uses the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) measuring principle and two-wire technology for level measurement. It is designed solely for measuring the distance, level, volume and ullage of liquids, pastes, slurries and powder products. It can continue to measure the level or distance and total volume in applications with two products. The level measurement data can be displayed and the gauge configured using either a HART Handheld Communicator console (HHC) or a PC work station equipped with PCSTAR2 software supplied as standard with the gauge.

Principal gauge components

BM 102 housing and probes (non-Ex and Ex versions) with high-

temperature

option

with inactive

length option

1 Nameplate (see next page for details) 2 Cable entry (output and power supply) to wiring compartment 3 Equi-potential bonding system connection (Ex – see section 2.1.4) 4 Flange (process connection onto tank or other suitable mounting) 5 Single cable probe 6 Counterweight (with threaded hole in base for anchoring) 7 Twin cable probe 8 Spacer 9 Chuck / ring (for single cable probes) 10 Turnbuckle (for twin or single cable probes) 11 Threaded process connection (e.g. 1” G, 1” NPT, …) 12 Coaxial probe 13 Extension tube for high temperature applications 14 Single rod probe 15 Inactive length: coaxial tube under the process connection (i.e. an inactive length of the

probe) for installations with long nozzles or concrete roofs – for single rod and single cable probe versions only

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Standard nameplate

*eg. VF030415B0112110110100000. The “type code” gives the options chosen for this unit and is defined in the BM 102 Data Sheet. This document is available from your local KROHNE Sales office or on the “Download Centre” on KROHNE’s website http://www.krohne.com/.

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Items included with supply:

The scope of supply encompasses:

• Signal converter with probe in the version ordered. The version is stated on the nameplate.

• PCSTAR 2 computer software for data display and gauge configuration.

Documentation supplied:

Installation & Operating instructions:

Installation, connection, start-up and safety advice in condensed form, but sufficient for most applications. This is supplied as a printed document with the device delivered.

Handbook (this manual):

Detailed user manual and reference book, including how to configure meter parameters available in the user menu and how to perform basic maintenance. This is not shipped with the level meter ordered.

Supplementary Installation and Operating Instructions BM 102 KEMA 00 ATEX 1101X:

Supplementary instructions covering devices to be installed and used in hazardous areas. This document is only supplied with specially approved instruments. This document is available from your local KROHNE Sales office or on the “Download Centre” on KROHNE’s website http://www.krohne.com/.

Product liability and warranty:

The BM 102 TDR level gauge is designed for measuring the distance, level, and volume of liquids, pastes, slurries and powders. It may equally measure level, distance, total volume and ullage in applications where two or more products are present.

Special codes and regulations apply to its use in hazardous areas. Please refer to the BM 102 MICROFLEX KEMA 00 ATEX 1101X Supplementary Installation and Operating Instructions for further information. This document is available from your local KROHNE Sales office or on the “Download Centre” on KROHNE’s website http://www.krohne.com/.

Responsibility as to suitability and intended use of these level gauges rests solely with the user. Improper installation and operation of our level gauges may lead to loss of warranty. In addition, the "General conditions of sale", forming the basis of the purchasing contract, are applicable.

If you need to return measuring instruments to KROHNE, please note the information given in Appendix C. KROHNE regrets that they cannot repair or check your device unless it is accompanied by the completed form.

The level gauge does not form part of an overfill protection system (as defined for example in WHG: German water resources act) nor is it concerned by the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 97/23/EC.

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1 Mechanical installation

1.1 Handling and storage

To carry: the device will weigh between 3 kg or 7 lb and 12 kg or 25 lb. Carry using both hands to lift the device carefully by the converter housing. If necessary, use lifting gear. No attempt should be made to lift the instrument by its probe.

Caution:

The probe is a critical gauge component. Do not damage– Handle with care!!!

Avoiding blows

When handling the BM 102, avoid hard blows, jolts, impacts, etc.

Caution:

Fragile electronics

Avoid bending (single rod and coaxial probes)

Support the probe to avoid bending.

Support probe here

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Avoid cable kinks and fraying

Do not coil the cable less than 400 mm or 16 “ in diameter. Cable kinks or fraying will cause measurement errors.

Storage temperature

Store within the given storage temperature limits.

1.2 Installation restrictions

Hazardous-duty systems (Ex, FM,…)

• Refer to the BM 102 MICROFLEX KEMA 00 ATEX 1101X Supplementary Installation and Operating Instructions for further information on installing gauges approved for use in hazardous locations. This document is available from your local KROHNE Sales office or on the “Download Centre” on KROHNE’s website http://www.krohne.com/.

• Check that the flange, gasket and probe materials are compatible with the product. Read the information given on the converter nameplate, the flange markings and specifications in the approval certificates.

1.3 Mounting on the tank

1.3.1 Installation instructions: general notes

The fitter should give some thought to tank fittings and tank shape.

• Nozzle position in relation to the tank walls and other objects inside the tanks (Warning : this free area will depend on the probe type selected: refer to later on in this section)

• Type of tank roof, i.e. floating, concrete, integral, etc; and base, i.e. conical, etc.

Whenever working on an installation, remember to:

• Disconnect the power supply before starting work.

However,

• The gauge may be installed when the tank contains product.

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1.3.2 Installation instructions: nozzle

Threaded process connections Nozzle height

The simplest and most economic way is to mount the BM 102 directly on the tank with a GAS or NPT threaded connection.

Recommendation

Do not fit a nozzle longer than its diameter , especially for single probes and powder applications

Nozzles extending into tank

Caution:

Do not use nozzles that extend into the tank. This will disturb the electromagnetic emitted pulse and the measurement.

h ≤ Ød

Contact KROHNE if this relationship cannot be

, where h = nozzle height and d = nozzle diameter

respected.

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Installation of two devices

If two devices are to be used on the same tank, these should be mounted at a distance of at least 2 m or 6 ¾ ft away from each other. If not, interferences from the electromagnetic (EM) fields generated by both instruments may cause measurement errors. Not applicable to coaxial probes - the outer shell of the probe contains the EM field: no minimum distance required.

Process connection

For the gauge to make accurate measurements:

• The tank process connection must be level.

• Ensure a good fit with the gauge process connection

• The tank roof should not deform under the weight of the gauge

Process connection and entry pipe

Caution:

Do not put the nozzle close to the entry pipe. Pouring the product directly onto the probe will give false readings. Install deflector plate if impossible to distance gauge from entry pipe.

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Stilling wells

Tanks with floating roofs for petro-chemical applications: use a stilling well.

1 Stilling well

2 Tank

3 Floating roof

4 Product (petroleum applications)

5 Well fixed to tank base (no roof

deformation)

6 Sediment

1.3.3 Installation instructions: Gauge - all applications

BM102 gauges are designed to be mounted on a suitable process connection on a tank or sump. Install the gauge using two people to avoid damaging the probe. Support the housing and the probe.

Installation of single and twin cable probe level meters

Caution :

1 Do not over-bend

probe!

Inserting the probe:

2 hold more than one

metre above the opening to avoid cable bending.

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Probes: entanglement, straightness and tank bottom clearance

Rigid section length of single and twin cable probes

Cable diameter Rigid section length Single cable Ø4mm or 0.15” 40mm or 1½” Ø8mm or 0.15” 200mm or 8” Twin cable Ø4mm or 0.15” 40mm or 1½”

• Cable probes must be straight once inserted into the tank. They must also be far from other objects (e.g. mixers) to avoid entanglement.

• In order to maintain the gauge’s operating characteristics, it is recommended to avoid touching the tank bottom with the counterweights (for cable probes) or probe end (other types).

Objects (discontinuities) inside the tank that influence the probe’s EM (electromagnetic) field

Install the gauge far from protruding objects such as:

• Heating tubes,

• Sudden changes in tank cross-section,

• Tank wall reinforcements and beams,

• Weld lines and dip-stick pipes, etc...

TDR gauges generate electromagnetic (EM) fields when a measurement pulse is emitted. This field is affected by any nearby discontinuities and these will weaken and potentially block the emitted pulse. A minimum distance is recommended depending on the probe type to be installed. See the table on the next page for recommended free space dimensions. Alternatively, the fitter may use a reference chamber or stilling well. However, the chamber walls must be smooth (i.e. no visible weld lines), straight and vertical to maintain the pulse strength and gauge accuracy.

For clean applications only :

Coaxial (type 3) probes may be used close to or touching objects or walls as the EM field generated by the probe is contained within the probe’s outer sheath (refer also to the EM field sizes/free area given in the figures on the next page).

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1 Agitator

2 Support beam perpendicular to the

pulse direction

3 Abrupt changes in tank cross section

4 Heating tubes

5 Alternative solution: reference chamber

-electromagnetic field is contained within chamber

6 Gauge electromagnetic field:

Any intruding metallic object will be detected in this zone if perpendicular to the emitted pulse direction.

= Do not fit the gauge near to these objects.

Recommended minimum distance of probe from objects inside the tank Probe Type

Minimum free space

Single (types 1,2 and 6) 300 mm or 12” Twin (type 4) 100 mm or 4” Coaxial (type 3) 0 mm or 0”

Electromagnetic field shape around probe, by type (not to scale)

Single (types 1,2 and 6) Twin (type 4) Coaxial (type 3)

No beam angle for any probe type.

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Avoid direct solar radiation

Fit a sunshade on the gauge for open-air installations: this is either supplied on demand by KROHNE or provided by the customer. The ambient temperature limits of the gauge are given below.

1.3.4 Specific installation instructions: gauge - liquid applications

Probe bending in agitated products: recommended solutions

1 Agitator

2 Turnbuckle for anchoring probe to

tank bottom

3 Bypass chamber

4 Probe and counterweight (centred on

request)

Mounting on a reference vessel or still well is ideal. To ensure that the probe does not come into contact with the tank wall, the probe should be fixed to the bottom of the chamber or centred.

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Fastening the probe to the tank bottom

Flexible probes can be fastened with a chuck (ring), turnbuckle or similar fastening device to the tank bottom:

Chuck (ring) Turnbuckle for Ø8 mm cable

probes

Turnbuckle for Ø4 mm cable probes

Shortening cable probes

If required, the cable probe can be shortened, but this applies only when used in liquids.

Procedure Step Action

1 Detach socket set screw M6x10 (ISO

4026) with a 3mm Allen (hexagon) key (ISO 2936).

2 Pull cable (2) out of counterweight (3)

and shorten to required length using cable cutters to prevent the cable wires and strands from splaying out.

3 Insert cable back into counterweight and

tighten down screws

4 Change configuration parameters to new

probe length; the reference point is the top edge of the weight (user menu function 1.1.6)

Dimensions in mm (inches).

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1.3.5 Specific installation instructions: gauge - solid applications

False readings:

1 Do not let probe touch the side of the nozzle

Conical silo nozzles, false readings and traction on the cable probes

Caution

High traction forces :

We recommend that the probe should not be anchored to avoid excessive traction loads on the cable.

Bending and traction:

Position the connection on the roof at ½ radius of the tank and with minimum nozzle height. This will avoid damage due to bending and traction during emptying.

Traction forces during emptying cycles for powder applications

Traction load is dependent upon the height and shape of the tank, product particle size & density, and the rate at which the tank is emptied. The table below gives the load up to which cable probes will hold.

Cable maximum design load, traction Probe Maximum Load

Single cable Ø8 mm or Ø0.3” 3.5 T or 7700 lb

Traction on cable according to product (approximate value in metric tons)

Probe Length / m (ft)

Probe used Material 10 (33) 20 (65.5) 24 (79)

Cement 1.0 T or 2200 lb 2.0 T or 4410 lb 2.4 T or 5290 lb Single cable Ø8mm or

Ø0.3”

Flyash 0.5 T or 1100 lb 1.0 T or 2200 lb 1.2 T or 2650 lb

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Electro static discharge (E.S.D.)

BM 102 non-Ex and Ex gauge electronics are shielded up to 4kV against E.S.D..

Note:

E.S.D. cannot be solved by BM102 E.S.D. protection. It is the customer’s responsibility to avoid E.S.D. by grounding the tank, product and probe installation.

Danger of injury

The probe may receive an electrostatic

discharge during operation; earth the probe by pushing it against tank wall with a suitably isolated tool just before touching it to avoid receiving a shock.

2 Earth the entry pipe and product.

Product deposits on the nozzle and probe

Product build-up can occur under the nozzle: this may weaken the pulse. Avoid cavities that permit the build-up of deposits.

Tank roof deformation

Tank roofs should support loads of at least 3.5 tonnes or 7700lb for gauge installations using Ø8mm or 0.3” (type 6) single cable probes.

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2 Electrical connections

2.1 Electrical installation instructions

2.1.1 Wiring general notes

Connection to power is effected at the plug connector in the signal converter. Two wiring compartments are available: DIN connector or M16 terminal box. Observe applicable rules and regulations for cable connection: VDE 165 or equivalent national regulations. Always disconnect from power supply before opening wiring compartment. This is not mandatory for Exi applications.

Hazardous-duty systems

2.1.2 Wiring connections: DIN connector

Terminals: 3 poles and 1 x ground. Wire cross-section: max. 1.5 mm²

Cable entry: 1 x PG11, cable diameter: 8 … 10 mm (0.31 … 0.39”), IP 65 Shielding: do not connect to the DIN connector. Signal cable: no shielding required

18 BM 102

Only certified intrinsically safe equipment may be connected to the BM 102 in hazardous areas. Please refer to the BM 102 MICROFLEX KEMA 00 ATEX 1101X Supplementary Installation and Operating Instructions for further information. This document is available from your local KROHNE Sales office or on the “Download Centre” on KROHNE’s website http:// www.krohne.com/.

(AWG 16)

1 Detach screw P and remove plug from signal

converter.

2 Separate part N from part R by inserting the flat

tip of a screwdriver into gap F.

3 Connect current loop to terminals 1 and 2 (any

polarity). Use ferrules to protect cable ends.

Terminals 3 and E are not connected. 4 Fit parts N and R together again. 5 Fit gasket, re-insert connector plug R on the

signal converter, and replace screw P.

Caution

Grounding terminal E is not connected to the housing of the signal converter or to the device flange. To avoid ground current loops, the cable shielding may not be connected at both ends.

Hazardous-duty systems

When used in hazardous areas, only one intrinsically safe power supply may be connected to terminals 1 and 2. Ground terminal E and terminal 3 are not connected.

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2.1.3 Wiring connections: M16 terminal box

Power terminals: Wire cross-section: max. 1.5 mm² (AWG 16) Cable entry: 1 x M16 x 1.5, cable diameter: 3.5 … 8 mm (0.14 … 0.31”), IP 65

for USA: ½” NPT conduit connection

Shielding: Do not connect shielding to the terminal compartment.

Hazardous-duty systems

When used in hazardous areas, only one intrinsically safe power supply may be connected to terminals 1 and 2. Ground terminal E is not connected.

Caution

Ground terminal, E, is not connected to the signal converter housing or to the device flange. To avoid ground current loops, the cable shielding may not be connected at both ends.

1 Detach the 4 screws, T, and remove cover from terminal

compartment.

2 Connect the cable ends, fitted with ferrules, to the power

terminal, U (not polarity sensitive).

3 Shut the terminal compartment.

2.1.4 ’Ex’ equalizing conductor

Refer to the BM 102 MICROFLEX KEMA 00 ATEX 1101X Supplementary Installation and Operating Instructions for further information.

Terminal for equipotential bonding U-clamp terminal, max. conductor cross-section: 4 mm²/6.2 • 10-3 sq.in. on ’neck’ of signal converter

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2.2 Power Supply

2.2.1 Non-hazardous-duty version

Power supply Rated voltage 24 V DC Max. voltage (U

input

Min. voltage (U

input

HART

+ R

cable

+ R

A supply voltage above 35 V DC can cause irreparable damage to the signal converter. Also, power supply voltages above the specified max. values and below the specified min. values can lead to faulty measurements or to a device reset.

Load impedance R

Loop resistance, R Min. R Max. R R

HART

0 ohms

loop

750 ohms

loop

resistance for HART® communication 250 ohms (recommended)

loop

ammeter

35 V DC ’Ex’ = 28 V DC dependent on load impedance, see graph below

Line A = minimum voltage at the BM 102 terminals Line B = voltage drop caused by a 250 ohm loop resistance

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Example for calculating the power supply: The voltage drop is tested at 22 mA. U

power min. 22

= 22 mA x load impedance + Uinput min. 22

= 22 mA x 250 ohms + 10 V = 5.5 V + 10 V = 15.5 V

In order to cover the whole current range, the voltage drop must also be tested at 4 mA. By analogy, the following applies: U

power min. 4

= 4 mA x load impedance + Uinput min. 4

= 4 mA x 250 ohms + 18 V = 1 V + 18 V = 19 V At a load impedance of 250 ohms, a power supply voltage of 19 V is sufficient to energize the current device range of 4 to 20 mA.

2.2.2 Hazardous-duty version

The certified device may only be used with other ’Ex’ certified equipment. The minimum electrical safety data indicated on the nameplate must be observed. To ensure proper operation, the minimum parameters specified above in section 2.2.1 for the power supply must be observed to ensure that a given 4 to 20 mA converter is adequate for use with the BM 102. Refer to the BM 102 MICROFLEX KEMA 00 ATEX 1101X Supplementary Installation and Operating Instructions for further information. This document is available from the “Download Centre” on KROHNE’s website http:// www.krohne.com/.

In addition, the connected equipment must be HART

compatible so that it can be operated with the communication software or the HART® communicator.

An ’Ex’ repeater power supply unit must be used. For calculation of the supply voltage the same applies as for the non-’Ex’ version.

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2.3 Electrical output

2.3.1 Network options

The output is available in 2 versions:

1. Current output HART®, passive, HART® protocol

2. Current output Ex-ia HART

All versions with HART® protocol can be operated with the PC-STAR 2 program.

intrinsically safe; passive, HART® protocol

2.3.2 HART

In accordance with the Rosemount Standard, HART® communication can be used with a BM 102. It is used as a point-to-point connection between the BM 102 as slave and the HART

communication protocol

master.

Additional information

The following can be called up via the following interfaces:

• Current output: 22 mA for error signal.

• Digital HART

interfaces: scanning of error flags and error messages.

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3 User interface

3.1 Power-on and start-up

The BM 102 is pre-configured in accordance to customer order specifications and measurements can be made immediately. A start-up time of less than 23 seconds should be allowed for once connected and the power is switched on. If the probe length has been shortened since delivery, please refer to section 3.3.1: Summary of User Functions, user function 1.1.6: Probe length to modify configured probe length.

3.2 Available user interfaces

Measurements may be taken using either:

• PC STAR 2 software

• HART® Handheld Communicator (HHC)

• DA 06 local indicator

Included as standard with the instrument. The basic installation & operating instructions are presented in section 3.3.1 (requires PC workstation). Sold separately. Automatic recognition of the instrument when connected. A list of HHCaccessible parameters is given in section 3.3.4. Sold as an option for devices equipped with DIN connectors. For displaying readings only. Refer to section 3.3.6 for technical data.

3.3 Operator control

You can configure the device by way of the HHC or the PC-STAR 2 software. This is explained further in sections 3.3.1 and 3.3.2. Operator control via the separate HHC is described in the operating instructions supplied with the communicator.

3.3.1 PCSTAR 2 for Windows : basic installation & operating instructions

Software description

PC STAR 2 is a Windows program that permits clear and concise display of data and configuration of the BM 102 from a remote location. The program is available in English, German or French.

PC-STAR 2 system requirements

• PC with at least 486 processor 75 MHz, recommended: Pentium 120 MHz or higher

• Microsoft Windows 9x, Me, 2000, NT and XP*

• min. 16 MB main memory (RAM)

• min. 3 MB available hard disk storage

• 3 ½ “ Floppy disk drive

• Mouse or other pointing device

• Serial RS 232 port

* XP may not be automatically recognized by PCSTAR 2 in versions prior to V2.01. Refer to Section 8.5 for the corrective procedure.

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Installing and connecting PCSTAR 2 to the gauge

1. Connect the HART® adapter (not included in supply) through a load impedance of 350 ohms maximum (for hazardous-duty purposes, fix to the non-intrinsically safe side of the repeater power supply unit) and plug it into a serial interface on your PC. The repeater power supply unit must have HART® capability.

2. Installing the program: Access the files on the floppy disk supplied with the instrument and execute the file "setup.exe" and follow the instructions on the screen.

3. Running the program: once the program is installed, execute the program. The screen shown below will be displayed.

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4. Define device interface: type F4 or left-click on “F4-Serial” at the bottom of the screen - to define the interface to which the device is to be connected.

Serial Port The serial port allows the user to select a free serial port (COM 1 to 4) on the

computer.

BM102 Address Type the “Address” that you have given a gauge (a value between 0 and 15)

and press ENTER or OK. This will select the required device. If you are in a point to point network leave the box at its default value (-1).

Device Identifier Device Identifier refers to the “Device number” given in User Function No.

1.4.4. Initial baud rate Transmission rate of data. Has a default value of 1200 bd. RTS state The RTS state depends on the type of RS232 converter used. For

RS232<>HARTTM(i.e. VIATOR from MACTEK) use inversed RTS state.

5. On-line connection with the gauge: Press F2 or left-click on “F2-Connection” to set up the

connection with the device - the configuration parameters are automatically loaded into the computer.

then …

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6. After the connection has been established, the following screen is shown. This will show the current status of the tank. No further configuration should be necessary. The following functions are available on the screen and will be discussed further in section 8.4:

• F2 – Device configuration: a summary of the parameters are given on the next page,

• F7 – Oscilloscope function: have all reflections occurring at the probe displayed,

• F11 – Dynamic/on-line device configuration,

• F4 – View and record all information during operation,

• F6 – Trend: observe the level trend since start of the program,

• F8 – Marker: read the status of the device

• and F10 – make printouts (screen shots).

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3.3.2 Summary of User Functions in PCSTAR 2 (F2 – Configuration)

The table below provides an overview of all parameters that can be set in the configuration menu using F2 in PCSTAR2. Reset default values are in bold type in the “Input Range” column.

Function Input Range Description

1.0.0 Operation

1.1.0 Basic parameters

1.1.1 Tank height

Enter 0 … 60 m or 0 … 197 ft.

As per order

The tank height forms the basis for calculating level measurements and for the relevant current output. It is defined as the distance between the lower flange surface and the reference point at the bottom of the tank. The output unit is determined via Fct.

1.2.4.: Length Unit The set tank height is the upper limit for Fct. 1.3.4: Scale I1 max (if Fct.

1.3.1 is set to “Level” or “Distance”). Note: the device will not measure beyond the programmed probe length if the current output is configured to measure distance or level .

1.1.2 Dead zone

Warning : Critical Parameter

Enter a value Fct.1.5.1(Detection delay) … probe length.

• Twin probe with probe length<1m or 3.3 ft

0.2 m or 8 in

• Single probe or twin probe with probe

length >1m

The dead zone is the minimum measuring distance from the process connection (reference point) to the surface of the product. So as not to impair measurement accuracy, the minimum values given in Section

5.2.3 should be adhered to. The BM 102 will ignore signals in the dead zone and display the last reading taken. The output unit is set via Fct. 1.2.4: Length Unit

or 3.3 ft

0.4 m or 16 in

• Coaxial probe

0 m or 0 in

1 … 100 seconds 1.1.3 Time constant

5 seconds

This function filters possible signal fluctuations when the liquid is turbulent.

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Function Input Range Description

1.1.6 Probe length

Enter 0.1 m or 3.9” … probe length (max.: 24000 mm or 78¾ ft.)

As per order

This value must be equal to the exact length of the probe. This value should be modified when the probe has been replaced or shortened (cable probes). The output unit is set via Fct. 1.2.4 Length Unit. An automatic search for the probe tip can be carried out when the tank is empty to update the parameter using the function F11 in the “Dynamic Configuration” menu. Probe length may be set greater than tank height but less than 24 m or 78¾ ft. for special installations.

28 BM 102

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Function Input Range Description

1.2.0 Display To display readings in the form and units required

1.2.4 Length unit

Select m, cm, mm, inch, ft or optional unit*

Unit for display of level and distance. *When “optional unit” selected, you get to the menu item Fct. 1.2.6: New unit and can there define userdefined units. The unit selected here is used in the following functions:, Fct. 1.1.1 Tank height, Fct. 1.1.2 Dead zone, Fct. 1.1.6 Probe length, Fct. 1.5.1 Detection delay and Fct. 1.7.2 Input table*. If “Level” or “Distance” is selected in fct. 1.3.1, then the units selected will also be used in these functions: Fct. 1.3.3 Scale I1 min. and Fct. 1.3.4 Scale I1max.. In addition the displayed value will use the selected unit.

1.2.5 Volume unit

Select m³, l, US Gal, ft³, bbl, m³/h, ft³/h, kg, metric tonnes or tons US

Unit of displayed volume / conversion value. Conversion means converting a level value into a “conversion value” (usually volume) in order e.g. to realize a non-linear function as a factor of the level. The unit selected here is also valid for the following function: Fct. 1.7.2 Input table. If “Volume” or “Ullage volume” is selected in fct. 1.3.1, then the units selected will also be used in these functions: Fct. 1.3.3 Scale I1 min. Fct. 1.3.4 Scale I1 max.

1.2.6 New unit (length) Appears only when “Optional unit” is selected in Fct. 1.2.4: Length unit.

1.2.6.2 Unit fact.

4 ASCII characters 1.2.6.1 Unit name

Unit

Min.: > 0.0 Max.: 100 000

1.0

Name of the new unit (max. 4 characters) Reference for the conversion factor is the millimetre. At a conversion factor of 10, the new unit is equivalent to 10 mm. At a conversion factor of 0.1, the new unit is equivalent to 0.1 mm.

* This list is not exhaustive and also includes the Dynamic configuration menu functions in PCSTAR 2.

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Function Input Range Description

1.3.0 Current output I This configures the current output. These functions are independent from what is displayed.

1.3.1 Current 1 item

Select Off, Level, Distance, Volume* or

Selection of the required function for the current output.

Ullage volume*

Level

1.3.2 Current 1 range

Select 4-20mA or 420mA + 22 mA on error.

4-20mA

This parameter defines the status which the current output assumes in the event of a fault: 4-20 mA (last measured value held in the event of a fault) 4-20 mA / E = 22 mA (is set to 22 mA in the event of a fault).

1.3.3 Scale I1 min.

1.3.4 Scale I1 max.

Enter a value from 0 mm** to a value lower than that entered for Fct. 1.3.4 Scale I max.

As per order

Enter value higher than the value selected under Fct.

1.3.3. “Scale I min.” up to tank height or the maximum volume table value***

As per order

This function defines the lower limit of the analog measuring range. It is 4 mA. The value of this parameter always has to be lower than the value selected for Fct. 1.3.4: Scale I1 max. This function defines the upper limit of the analog measuring range. It is 20 mA. The value of this parameter must always be:

- lower than or equal to the value selected under Fct. 1.1.1: Tank height or the maximum volume table value,

- higher than the value selected under Fct. 1.3.3: Scale I1 min., otherwise an error message will appear during parameter check.

1.3.5 Error delay

Select No delay, 10 sec., 20 sec., 30 sec., 1 min., 2 min., 5 min. or 15 min.

No delay

This menu is only available when (4-20 mA / E = 22 mA) has been selected under Fct. 1.3.2: Current 1 range. With this parameter, a time delay can be defined for transition of the current output to 22 mA after an error has been noted. During the delay, measurement and the analog output are held. When the error disappears, the delay also serves to return to the measuring mode.

* complete fct. 1.7.2 “Input table” before selecting “volume “ or “ullage volume”. ** or other unit selected in fct. 1.2.4 Length Unit, 1.2.5 Volume Unit depending on the item selected in fct. 1.3.1 Current 1 Item. *** depends on the value selected in fct. 1.3.1 Current 1 Item.

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Function Input Range Description

1.4.0 User data

1.4.3 Checksum Read only This value is used for identification of the device software version. The checksum is tested when starting. This helps to detect any problems with the microcontroller.

(Tag number)

1.4.4 Device number**

00000 01

This parameter assigns an identification number to the device. A text consisting of max. 8 ASCII characters can be entered.

1.4.5 Serial number Read only This parameter serves to identify the respective measuring device. This number cannot be changed and sets the address for use with HART

interfaces.

1.4.6 French command number Read only Factory-programmed number, to be quoted in case of warranty and service claims.

1.4.7 German command

number

Read only Factory-programmed number, to be

quoted in case of warranty and service claims.

1.4.8 Option**

(Descriptor)

This function can be used for entering

text of max. 15 ASCII characters (customer information only)

1.4.9 Probe type

Single rod, Twin rod, Single cable, Single cable +

Information on probe type supplied with signal converter. This is a readonly parameter.

counterweight, Single cable without counterweight, Twin cable, Twin cable + counterweight, Coaxial, Special 1, Special 2 or Special 3

As per order

** Refer to section 3.3.5: Characters available for alpha-numerical data functions in PC STAR 2

and on the HART

console.

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Function Input Range Description

1.5.0 Application For difficult applications

1.5.1 Detection delay

Enter a value 0 mm / 0 in. to Fct. 1.1.2 Dead zone

As per order

This function can be used to define an area directly below the flange in which interference reflections (e.g. from the tank nozzle) are masked. This value has to be smaller than or equal to the dead zone (Fct. 1.1.2.).

1.6.0 Serial I/O (serial input/output)

For integrating into a signal

network. Standard hardware platform for HART® is the current loop with superposed FSK signals. For a multidrop application the current output is set to “OFF” and consequently to a constant 4 mA. With a multidrop bus, up to 15 HART® devices can be operated.

1.6.2 Address

Addresses from 0 to 15

With this function, every device connected to a bus is assigned an address between 0 and 15 (HART® protocol). If several devices are connected to a digital bus, each device must be assigned a unique address under which it can then be identified in the bus. 0 = Analogue output active 1 - 15 = Multi-drop mode active,

analogue output inactive

1.7.0 Volume table For calibrating the gauge for volume measurement.

1.7.2. Input table

Select point 01 to 20, enter level and then volume values respectively.

0 (conversion table not created, volume measurement not possible)

This function is used for setting up the strapping table (level/volume). Up to 20 points can be assigned. Every new point must be larger than the preceding one. The units of length and volume can be changed later without affecting the settings in the table. The units selected for length and volume in fct.s 1.2.4 and 1.2.5 will be used here.

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3.3.3 Quick Configuration: configuration examples

The minimum functions (fct.) to be configured for a simple measurement are listed below:

Functions Definition PCSTAR 2 HART®

1.1.1 2.1.1.1 Tank Height

1.1.2 2.1.1.4 Dead zone

1.3.1 … 4 2.1.3.1 … 4 Current Output

1.7.0 2.1.7.0 Volume table*

*For volume measurements

Example procedures for each set of functions are given on the following pages. Each procedure is given in a series of steps in table form and is according to the PCSTAR 2 F2-Configuration parameter list. Please refer to section 3.3.4 for the equivalent parameters available on the HART® Communicator.

Definitions for quick configuration

* where PCSTAR 2 Fct. 1.3.1 (HART® Fct. 2.1.3.1) Current I1 Item is configured to “Level”

Typical gauge used for quick configuration examples:

Probe type: twin Ø4 mm or 0.15 ” cable probe (type 4) Product measured: Tank height: (PCSTAR 2: Fct. 1.1.1,

HART

: Fct. 2.1.1.1) Dead zone: (PCSTAR 2: Fct. 1.1.2,

HART

: Fct. 2.1.1.4) Probe length, L

Water (dielectric constant, εr = 80)

10000.00 mm or 33 ft.

0.15 m or ½ ft. (see “probe measurement limits” in section 5.2.3 for the Ø4 mm or 0.15” twin cable probe, type 4)

9.00 m or 29.5 ft. (do not modify unless advised to) (PCSTAR 2: Fct. 1.1.6 HART®: Fct. 2.1.1.2)

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Tank height: configuration of user menu PCSTAR 2 function 1.1.1 (HART® Fct. 2.1.1.1)

This function is usually either defined as true tank height or as factory configured probe length, L (see diagram on preceding page) if the former is not supplied by the customer in the order.

Why change the tank height?

• setting the distance in PCSTAR 2 Fct 1.1.1 (HART

Fct. 2.1.1.1) to L1 avoids having a non-

measurable zone underneath the probe where the measurement on the display freezes.

• when setting up a measurement scale as explained on the following pages, this means that the level at the end of the probe will be taken as zero instead of the tank bottom.

How tank height affects measurement when either Level or Distance is measured

1 Tank height 2 Measurable height

(factory configured probe length, L

)

3 Non-measurable

zone

4 With true tank

height (1) set in Function 1.1.1 of the User’s menu.

5 With factory-

configured probe length, L

, set in

Function 1.1.1 of the configuration menu.

Example procedure 1 (using PCSTAR 2):

• to change true tank height (10000mm or 33 ft) to factory configured probe length, L1 (9000mm or 29½ ft) , and then save the new parameter. Refer to item 5 in the diagram above.

Step Action Data entered / value set

1 Press F2 to connect to the

device

2 Press F2 to enter configuration

Tank status screen displayed (level reads 6750 mm) Configuration menu displayed

3 Click on the data set field for

Fct. 1.1.1 Tank height

This field currently reads

10000.00 (mm) 4 Type in the new value 9000.00 5 Press the button “F6-Send to

n/a BM102” for the BM 102 to immediately accept the new value.

6 Press “F3-Exit” to quit the

configuration menu.

Tank status screen displayed

(level now reads 5750 mm)

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Dead zone: configuration of user menu PCSTAR 2 function 1.1.2 (HART® Fct. 2.1.1.4)

The top dead zone is the minimum measuring distance between the gauge flange facing (the reference point) and the product. The various probes for the BM 102 have differing top dead zones and these are given in section 5.2.3: Probe measurement limits.

Why is configuration of the dead zone important?

The gauge will not display measurements taken here – the reading is blocked on reaching this zone. This will avoid the gauge confusing the true level with a parasite (i.e. flange) as the product nears the tank fitting and thereby displaying a false reading. It should be noted that although the reading is frozen, the gauge will continue to follow the reflection. The PCSTAR 2 F8-marker menu will display “Tank full” in this zone.

What is the difference between these functions: PCSTAR 2 Fct 1.1.2/ HART PCSTAR 2 Fct 1.5.1/ HART

Fct. 2.1.1.4: Dead zone

Fct. 2.1.5.3: Detection delay?

The “detection delay” function masks all signals (i.e. none are detected by the gauge) up to a defined distance from the flange facing. The detection delay zone size is never greater than the dead zone size. The PCSTAR 2 F8-marker menu will display “Tank full” and “Level lost” in this zone. This is illustrated below – the value in the box is the displayed value:

1 Height of tank fitting 2 Detection delay

(Fct.1.5.1=120mm)

3 Dead zone limit

(Fct.1.1.2=150mm) 4 Emitted signal 5 Flange reflection

(masked) 6 Masked zone (all

signals here are

ignored) 7 Level reflection

outside dead zone –

true level displayed 8

Level reflection inside

dead zone – level at

dead zone limit

displayed (frozen)

Level reflection inside

detection delay zone

– not detected by

gauge and level at

dead zone limit

displayed (frozen)

*(3) = 8850 mm - dead zone configured limit in terms of level

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How to set an analogue current output scale User menu functions 1.3.1 to 1.3.4

This set of functions allows users to set up a scale. The minimum (4mA) and maximum (20mA) values of an analogue current output should ideally lie within the device’s active measuring zone, as the device will freeze when the signal is lost. Refer to the measurement limits table for each probe type in the introduction. Refer also to the start of section 3.3.3 for the advantages of changing tank height.

Example procedure 2 (using PCSTAR 2):

To personalise a measurement scale

• select “Level” as the current output parameter for the scale to be set up from the tank bottom

• select 4 … 20 mA current range with an error output at 22 mA

• choose suitable minimum and maximum values for the scale.

Step Action Data entered / value set

1 Press F2 to connect to the device Tank status screen displayed (level reads

5650 mm) 2 Press F2 to enter configuration menu Configuration menu displayed 3 Scroll down the screen and click on

This field currently reads “distance”

the data set field for Fct. 1.3.1: Current 1 item. This will reveal a scroll menu.

4 Use mouse to scroll down data set

This field now reads “level”

field. Click on the new value.

5 Scroll down to Fct. 1.3.2: Current 1

This field currently reads “4-20 mA”

range and click on data set field. This reveal a scroll menu.

6 Use mouse to scroll down data set

This field now reads “4-20 mA / E = 22 mA”

field. Click on the new value.

7 Scroll down to Fct. 1.3.3: Scale I1 min

This field currently reads “0000 mm”

and click on data set field.

8 Enter the new value. This will give the

This field now reads “1000 mm”

level that corresponds to the minimum output of 4 mA.

9 Scroll down to Fct. 1.3.4: Scale I1

max and click on data set field.

10 Change to 8850 mm. This will give

This field currently reads “6000 mm”

(std. default: 6000 mm)

This field now reads “8850 mm”

the level that corresponds to the maximum output of 20 mA. (and sets max. output at the top dead zone limit)

11 Press F6-Send to BM102 to

n/a

immediately update the device configuration.

12 Press F3-Exit to quit the configuration

menu screen.

Tank status screen displayed (level reads

5650 mm)

Setting up a volume table

Refer to procedure 3.

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How to configure the gauge to give volume readings User menu PCSTAR 2 function 1.7.2 (HART

submenu 2.1.7)

• To be able to measure the volume, a conversion table (strapping table) will need to be created using the PCSTAR 2 program or the HART® communicator.

• The strapping table assigns defined volumes to the various levels.

• In the case of non-symmetrical tanks, e.g. tanks with dished bottom, the accuracy of

volumetric measurement will depend on the number of entered “level/volume pairs”. The maximum number of pairs (points) that can be set is 20. The volume is linearly determined (interpolated) between 2 points.

• The conversion table is generally used for volume, but can also be used for mass and flow. Five points have been set in the following example.

Procedure 3: creating a strap table the probe by assigning a volume to a user-defined level (using PCSTAR 2)

Step Action Data entered/value selected

1 Connect to the gauge as described in section 3.3.1. n/a 2 Press function key F2 or left click on F2-connection at

n/a the bottom of the window. This will open the user configuration menu.

3 Go to user function 1.1.1: Tank height to enter value

6.00 m or 19.69 ft*

(click on field and type in value)

4 Go to user function 1.1.2: Dead zone to enter blocking

0.40 m or 1.31 ft*

distance value.

5 Go to user function 1.1.6: Probe length to enter value 5.80 m or 19.03 ft* 6 Go to user function 1.2.4: Length Unit to select length

m or ft units.

7 Go to user function 1.2.5: Volume unit to select volume

m³ or ft³ units

8 Go to user function 1.7.2: Input table. A maximum of 20

See table below points can be entered. For each point a level and a volume must be entered. Each point should have a value higher than preceding one.

Input table Point Level Volume

1 0.0 m or 0.0 ft 0.0 m³ or 0.0 ft³ 2 0.20 m or 0.66ft 0.5 m³ or 17.66 ft³ 3 0.75 m or 2.46ft 1.0 m³ or 35.31 ft³ 4 1.00 m or 3.28ft 1.5 m³ or 52.97 ft³ 5 5.60 m or 18.37ft 16.8 m³ or 593.3 ft³

*Max. level = tank height – dead zone = 6.00 m – 0.40 m or 19.69 ft – 1.31 ft = 5.60 m or 18.37 ft, equivalent to a volume of 16.80 m³ or 593.3 ft³

Note: The level can effectively be measured between 0.20 m or 8” and 5.60 m or 18½ ft. When the product level drops below the tip of the probe, the BM 102 will indicate that there is still remains of

0.20 m or 8”. Accordingly, the BM 102 can only indicate a level between 0.20 m or 8” and 5.60 m or 18½ ft, since it only measures along the probes. The size of the dead zone depends on the installation and on the probe type.

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Supplementary procedure for setting the 4 … 20 mA current to output volume readings (using PCSTAR 2)

Step Action Data entered/value selected

1 Go to user function 1.3.1 ”Current 1 item” to select

Volume

measurement function.

2 Go to user function 1.3.2 ”Current 1 range” to set fault

4 … 20 mA

status

3 Go to user function 1.3.3 “Scale I1 min” to enter

0.50 m³ or 17.66 ft³

volume value for the minimum output (4 mA)

4 Go to user function 1.3.3 “Scale I1 max” to enter

16.80 m³ or 52.97 ft³

volume value for the maximum output (20 mA)

5 Either save the new configuration to disk by left-

n/a clicking on F5-Save to disk and download it onto the BM 102 using the F6-Send to BM102 key.

6 Press F3 to exit the configuration menu. n/a

3.3.4 HART

Display and configuration can also be carried out with a HART

Communicator: installation & operating instructions

communicator. Operator control via

the separate HHC is described in detail in the operating instructions supplied with the HHC.

Basic instructions for taking measurements

Communicator layout

Two-pin jack for loop connectors 2 LCD 3 Function keys (F1 … F4) 4 Action keys

On/off UP

n/a

Arrow

LEFT

Arrow

DOWN

Arrow

RIGHT

Arrow

Other functions:-

LEFT Arrow: Previous menu key

RIGHT Arrow: Select key

38 BM 102

Page 39

Wiring, standard (non-Ex)

Caution

Refer to the HHC manual for wiring instructions when in an explosive atmosphere.

Displaying readings

Use the UP and DOWN arrows to move to the correct line and then select with the RIGHT Arrow.

HART Communicator

1 Offline 2 → Online 3 Frequency Device 4 Utility

F1 F2 F3 F4

BM102:00000 01 Online 1 → <Process Var.> 2 <Config./Test> 3 <Access/Rights> 4 <Watch status> 5 <HART Variables>

SAVE

F1 F2 F3 F4

Main menu Online menu

BM102:00000 01

BM102:00000 01 ♥ <Measurements> 1 → Lvl 878.00 mm 2 Dist 121.00 mm

F1 F2 F3 F4

SAVE HOME

HELP SAVE HOME F1 F2 F3 F4

Measurement & input and output functions menu Measurement display function

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Page 40

Configuration: summary of user functions via HART® Communicator HC 275

Reset default values are in bold type in the “Input Range” column. Refer to the HART

HC275

Communicator operating instructions for further operating details.

Function (Fct.) Input Range Description

1.0 PROCESS VAR.

1.1.0 MEASUREMENTS

1.1.1 LEVEL Level value.

1.1.2 DISTANCE Distance value.

1.1.3 VOLUME Volume value if a strapping table is programmed.

1.1.4 ULLAGE VOLUME Ullage Volume value if a strapping table is programmed.

1.2.0 INPUTS/OUTPUTS

1.2.1 FUNCTION I Function associated to the current output (Primary Variable).

1.2.2 I Current output value (mA)

1.2.3 % Percentage of PV range.

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Function (Fct.) Input Range Description

2.0 CONFIG./TEST

2.1.0 OPERATION

2.1.1.0 BASIS PARAMETER

2.1.1.1 TANK HEIGHT

Enter 0 up to 60000 mm or 2362”

As per order

Tank height. The tank height is defined as the distance between the bottom of the tank and the lower flange surface.

2.1.1.2 PROBE LENGTH

Enter 0 mm up to < 24000 mm or 1063”

As per order

This value has to be equal to the exact length of the probe. The only situation for changing this value is if the probe length has been changed.

2.1.1.3 TIME CONSTANT

2.1.1.4 DEAD ZONE Enter a value

Warning : Critical Parameter

Enter to 100 seconds

5 seconds

Fct.1.5.1(Detection delay) … probe length.

• Twin probe with Probe length

The time constant allows filtering of possible signal fluctuations when the product surface is turbulent.

Measurements near the flange may not be precise or reliable. Measurement may not be precise in an area less than this recommended value, depending on the probe type.

<1 m or 3.3 ft

0.2 m or 8 in

• Single probe or twin probe with probe length >1m or 3.3 ft

0.4 m or 16 in

• Coaxial probe

0 m or 0 in

2.1.1.5 SENSOR INFO

2.1.1.5.1 Sensor upper limit = Probe length Read only Menu. Upper sensor limit.

2.1.1.5.2 Sensor lower limit = 0 Read only Menu. Lower sensor limit.

2.1.1.5.3 Sensor min. span = 1 mm or 0.04” Read only Menu. Sensor minimum span.

2.1.2.0 DISPLAY

2.1.2.1 LENGTH

2.1.2.1.1 LENGTH UNIT

Select m, cm, mm, inch, Ft, optional unit

Length unit of displayed value (level / distance). The optional unit allows the user to define a new unit (name and factor) see menu 2.1.2.1.3

2.1.2.1.2 DISPLAY FORMAT

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, exponential format, auto

Number of decimal places. Defines the displayed length values format (option of the HART® communicator H275).

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Page 42

Function (Fct.) Input Range Description

2.1.2.1.3.0 DEFINE NEW UNIT 4 ASCII characters 2.1.2.1.3.1 UNIT NAME

“unit”

Optional unit name. User has to enter the unit name before using it in the menu “LENGTH UNIT”.

2.1.2.1.3.2 UNIT FACTOR

Enter 0.0 to 100000

1.0

Optional unit factor. User has to enter the Unit Factor before using it in the menu “LENGTH UNIT”. With a factor 1.0, the unit is equivalent to one millimeter. With a factor 1000.0, the unit is equivalent to one meter.

2.1.2.2.0 VOLUME

2.1.2.2.1 VOLUME UNIT

2.1.2.2.2 DISPLAY FORMAT

Select m3, l, US Gal, Ft3, bbl, M3/h, Ft3/h, kg, Metric Tons, US Tons

m³

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, exponential format, auto

Unit for conversion values ("volume table"). The selected unit is only used to display the conversion value from the strapping table.

Number of decimal places. Defines the displayed volume value format. (Option of the HART® communicator H275).

2.1.3.0 ANALOG OUTPUT

2.1.3.1 FUNCTION I

2.1.3.2 RANGE I

Select Level, Distance, Volume, Ullage Volume

Level

Select 4-20 mA or 4-20 mA + 22 mA if error

4-20 mA

Current output function (measured value to be displayed). Volume functions will appear if a volume table exists in menu 2.1.7.0

Current output range 4 … 20 mA (1st choice). When the BM 102 is in error mode, the current output is frozen except if the second choice is selected and then the current output is fixed at 22 mA.

2.1.3.3 ERROR DELAY

Select No delay, 10 s, 20 s, 30 s, 1 mn, 2 mn, 5 mn, 15 mn

No delay

This menu is available in case the range I menu is set to 4-20 mA with error 22 mA. This parameter sets the delay before the current output goes to 22 mA after the error mode occurred.

2.1.3.4 SCALE I

min. 4 mA

2.1.3.5 SCALE I

max. 20 mA

Enter 0 to Scale I max.

As per order

Enter Scale I min to tank height

As per order

Input the lower range value (corresponding to 4 mA) depending of the parameter 2.1.3.1 chosen.

Input the upper range value (corresponding to 20 mA) depending of the parameter 2.1.3.1 chosen.

42 BM 102

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Function (Fct.) Input Range Description

2.1.4.0 USER DATA

2.1.4.1 TAG

00000 01

Tag number of device.

2.1.4.2 SERIAL NUMBER Read only menu. Each device has its own serial number.

2.1.4.3 FRENCH

COMMISSION NUMBER

Read only menu.

This number is factory set. Refer to this number in case of warranty or service claims.

2.1.4.4 GERMAN

COMMISSION NUMBER

Read only menu.

This number is factory set. Refer to this number in case of warranty or service claims.

2.1.4.5 RELEASE NUMBER Read only menu. Release number of the device (Software and Hardware version).

2.1.4.5 PROBE TYPE

Rod, Twin Rod, Cable, Cable

Read only menu. Probe type attached to the flange.

+counterweight, Cable without counterweight, Twin Cable, Twin Cable + counterweight, Coax, Special 1, Special 2, Special 3

As per order

2.1.4.5 CHECKSUM Read Only menu. Similar to the release number. This parameter allows to identify the software version of device.

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Function (Fct.) Input Range Description

2.1.5.0 APPLICATION

2.1.5.1.0 THRESHOLD

2.1.5.1.1 LEV. PULSE AMP. Read only value. Dynamic value. Amplitude of level pulse in millivolts.

2.1.5.1.2 LEV. PULSE GAIN Read only value.

Dynamic value. Amplification of level pulse (gain 0, 1, 2, or 3).

2.1.5.1. THRESHOLD

Enter a value from 50mV to 25000mV

500 mV G3 at 1 m

Threshold of the level pulse (in millivolts). The threshold evolves in terms of gain amplification factor changing by the electronic converter.

2.1.5.2 DISTANCE INPUT

Enter a value from Fct. 2.1.1.4: Dead zone to fct. 2.1.1.2: Probe length

This function forces the BM 102 to search for the product surface in a zone other than the actual measuring zone. If there is no level signal, you can enter an estimated value.

2.1.5.3 DETECTION DELAY

Enter a value 0mm or 0in to Fct.

2.1.1.4: Dead zone

As per order

This function forces the instrument not to analyse reflections in a zone directly below the flange. The entered value of the detection delay must be smaller than the "dead zone" value.

2.1.5.4 SEARCH PROBE END The search zone

for the probe end is from Fct 2.1.5.3 Detection delay up to Fct. 2.1.1.1 Tank height.

Automatically measures the probe length. The tank must be empty. Tak height must be configured to a value greater than the estimated probe length. Measured in the units configured in fct. 2.1.2.1.1.

2.1.5.5 RESET BM 102 Restarts the BM 102.

2.1.6.0 SERIAL I/O

Enter 0 to 15 2.1.6.1 ADDRESS

Sets the address of the device for connection to a HART multidrop network. The current output switches to 4 mA. 0 = 4 … 20 mA output current active 1 – 15 = in multidrop mode (4 mA)

2.1.7.0 STRAP TABLE

2.1.7.1 VOLUME UNIT

Select m3, l, US Gal, Ft3, bbl, M3/h, Ft3/h, kg, Metric Tons, US Tons

Unit for conversion values ("volume table"). The selected unit is used to define the strapping table values.

Liter [l]

0 to 20 points 2.1.7.2 INPUT TABLE

0 (i.e. no volume table)

This function defines the strapping table. The maximum number of points is 20. Each subsequent value must be greater than the previous one. The length and volume units can be changed later without affecting the settings in the table. Calculations are done automatically in the instrument.

2.1.7.3 DELETE TABLE This function deletes the strapping table.

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Function (Fct.) Input Range Description

2.2.0 TESTS

2.2.1 TEST OUTPUT Select 4 mA, 20 mA, Other

This function allows the current output to be tested. The output can be set to one of the listed values. With a reference ammeter, the calibration of the current output can be verified.

2.3.0 SERVICE Restricted access factory

configuration menu. These parameters may be accessed via Fct. 3.2 “Specialist PSW (password).

3.0 ACCESS RIGHTS

3.1 MAINTENANCE PSW

Yes or no. Enter 9character code if “Yes”.

Disables the access lock on the configuration menu. The password must contain exactly 9 characters. E, R or U are used only. The password is displayed in a scrambled format. It allows KROHNE to decode the password in case it was forgotten.

3.2 SPECIALIST PSW See KROHNE Service centre or

Specialist access to the Service

Parameters. BM 102 Service Manual for code.

4.0 WATCH STATUS Displays the status of the device.

5.0 HART® VARIABLES

5.1 MANUFACTURER

Read only menu.

KROHNE

5.2 MODEL

Read only menu.

BM 102

5.3 FLD DEV REV

1.0

5.4 SOFTWARE REV

1.0

5.5 HARDWARE REV

1.0

Field device revision.

Read only menu.

Software revision.

Read only menu.

Hardware revision.

Read only menu.

5.6 DEVICE ID Read only menu. The device ID is also the serial number of the device.

5.7 MESSAGE 32 bytes of ASCII characters

5.8 DESCRIPTOR 16 bytes of ASCII characters. Equivalent to PCSTAR2 Fct. 1.4.8

5.9 DATE Month Day Year (xx / xx / xx).

5.10 NUM RESP PREAM Number of preamble in the response frame of the device.

5.11 TAG Tag name of the BM 102.

5.12 POLL ADDRESS Address of the device.

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3.3.5 Characters available for alpha-numerical data functions in PC STAR 2 and on the HART® console

This concerns the following functions:

PCSTAR 2 fct. 12.6.1: Unit name, fct. 1.4.4: Device number, fct. 1.4.8: Option

console (HHC) fct. 5.7 Message, fct. 5.8 Descriptor, fct. 5.11 Tag

HART

@ H P X Space ( 0 8

A I Q Y ! ) 1 9 B J R Z “ * 2 : C K S [ # + 3 ; D L T \ $ ‘ 4 < E M U ] % - 5

F N V ^ & . 6

G O W _ ‘ / 7

= > ?

46 BM 102

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3.3.6 Local user display (instruments equipped with DIN connectors only)

The BM 102 local indicator is available as an option. This fits onto the BM 102’s standard DIN connector. Data can be read from an LED display. The gauge configuration menu cannot be accessed with this option. For non-Ex applications only. Please refer to the DA 06 Supplementary instruction manual for further information.

Technical data: DA 06 Plug-in Display (non-Ex)

DA 06 Plug-in display (supplied separately) DA 06 Plug-in display mounted on BM 102 gauge

Measuring range: -1999 to 9999 digits (min. and max. values user defined) Display: 4-digit, 7.6 mm or 0.3” high, red LED display, display housing

can be turned through 330° Accuracy: 0.1 % +/- 1 digit Adjustable parameters: Scaling, decimal point, attenuation, switching point, delay Min. / max. value memory: Displays the minimum and maximum values recorded during

operation. Housing: Plastic, PA 6.6 / polycarbonate 47mm X 47mm x 68 mm or 1.9” x

1.9” x 2.7” (h x w x d), housing can be turned by 300° Protection: IP 65 (EN 60529) Temperature range (ambient) Electronic system:

0°C … +60°C or 32°F … 140°F Storage: -30°C … +80°C or -22°F … 176°F Electrical connection: Adapter for plug as per DIN 43650 Input signal 4…20 mA / 2-wire Max. voltage drop over unit Approximately 6 V DC Switching output1 open collector (PNP),

max. 125 mA,

on and off delay: 0 to 100 seconds,

temperature influence: 0.1% / 10 K CE conformity EN 50081-1 and EN 50082-2

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3.4 BM 102 MICROFLEX T.D.R. meter characteristics

This subsection explains:

• the four principle configurations for setting up a measurement scale and what the user should be aware of in each case;

• what happens when the tank is full or empty;

• what is the level threshold and how to modify it and

• what happens when level is measured when more than one product in the tank;

The measurement scale: five possible configurations for analogue current output – with “Level” selected in PCSTAR 2 function 1.3.1: Current 1 Item

Tank height (Fct. 1.1.1)

Probe length (Fct. 1.1.6)

Detection delay (Fct. 1.5.1)

Non-measurable zone

Minimum distance between nonmeasurable zone and dead zone (Fct.: 1.1.2 – Fct.: 1.5.1)

The configurations described below are illustrated in the above diagram: (1) The “current output” range is smaller than the optimal measuring range. (2) The “current output” range is equal to the optimal measuring range:

Scale min.: 4 mA (Fct. 1.3.3) = tank height – probe length Scale max.: 20 mA (Fct. 1.3.4) = tank height – dead zone

(3) The “current output” range is greater than the optimal measuring range:

Scale min.: 4 mA (Fct. 1.3.3) = 0.0 Scale max.: 20 mA (Fct. 1.3.4) = tank height – dead zone

(4) The “current output” range is greater than the optimal measuring range:

Scale min.: 4 mA (Fct. 1.3.3) = tank height – probe length Scale max.: 20 mA (Fct. 1.3.4) = tank height

(5) The “current output” range is greater than the optimal measuring range:

Scale min.: 4 mA (Fct. 1.3.3) = 0.0 Scale max.: 20 mA (Fct. 1.3.4) = tank height

NOTE:

The reference point for distance measurements is the bottom of the flange face.

Upper dead zone (Fct. 1.1.2)

Optimal measuring range

Reference point at tank bottom

Fct.: 1.3.1 = Level

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3.4.1 Gauge operating logic when the reflection is lost

The product reflection pulse is usually lost when the level is in the top dead zone or near the bottom of the tank. The diagram below shows the action taken by the gauge depending on where the last reflection was lost. Use PCSTAR2 F8-Marker display function or HART

HHC Fct. 4.0

Watch Status to follow the measurement status of the gauge.

Zone 1 : Dead and detection delay zones

Marker “Tank full” and “Level lost” is displayed when the product enters the dead zone and no reflection is found. This will also occur once the level reflection is within the detection delay zone. The gauge assumes the tank is full and displays the maximum level value. The gauge searches for a reflection along the entire length of the probe.

Zone 2 : Full zone (& dead zone)

Marker “Tank full” is displayed in this zone. If the gauge loses the signal in this zone, it reacts as in zone 1: the tank is assumed to be full. The gauge searches for a reflection along the length of the probe.

Zone 3 : Central measurement zone

The gauge searches along the length of the probe for the largest pulse reflection. If the pulse is lost the reading freezes at the last value. Marker “Level lost” will be displayed. The probe will search for a reflection along the length of the probe.

Zone 4 : Empty zone

* if L > 2 m or 6 ¾ ft

If the reflection is lost here then the gauge assumes the tank is empty and marker “tank empty” is displayed. The gauge searches for a reflection in this zone but makes a search along the entire length of the probe once every minute. The reading will remain frozen during this time.

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3.4.2 Gain and voltage amplitude

As explained in the measuring principle in section 6, the level of a product is converted from a return signal (the product reflection) received by the gauge: this signal has taken a certain amount of time to return to the gauge and it has a certain strength / size measured in milli-volts (dependant on the dielectric constant of the product).

All pulse signals returning to the gauge electronics block (including flange, obstruction and the product surface reflections) are converted to voltage amplitudes. The gauge’s microprocessor looks for part of the largest signal that is over a set voltage amplitude, called the “threshold”, and identifies this as the product being measured. For this signal to be usable by the gauge, the microprocessor will amplify the signal by increasing the gain. Once the signal is within a set “working” range, the gauge follows this signal. The gauge registers any changes in time for this part of the signal to return to the converter and translate this into a displayed level or volume.

Gain is a function of voltage amplitude. This defines the default threshold value when the gauge is searching for the product level. A strong return signal will be given a low gain (i.e. Gain 0 or a small amplification). However, if the signal is very weak, then a Gain of 3 (i.e. high signal amplification) is given.

Example of signal amplification:

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Level measurement: Level pulse amplitude and threshold

After connection to a power supply, the BM102 will:

1. Measure reflection pulses in terms of voltage amplitude by cycling through a set of gains.

2. Identify the highest amplitude as being the product level.

This screenshot of the PCSTAR 2 F7-Oscilloscope function while measuring a typical one product application identifies: 1 Emitted pulse 2 Flange reflection (except coaxial probe) 3 Non-product reflection (e.g. parasite: agitator) 4 Product level reflection 5 Level threshold (with two-metre steps). Set in F11-Dynamic configuration menu 6 Offset (see below for definition) 7 Distance measured as a function of time

Offset is the distance for the signal to travel from the converter to the flange. (the gauge’s reference point).

The level signal can be optimized by way of two factors:

Amplification factor

The amplitude of the signals is proportional to the dielectric constant of the product. At low amplitudes the signal should be amplified. The amplification factor is dependent on the dielectric constant and on the probe type. The device sets the gain automatically.

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The following factors apply to the set gain: Gain Amplification factor 0 1.05 1 2.10 2 4.37 3 8.93

Level threshold

The level threshold suppresses interference signals so that only the reflections from the product surface (level signal) are shown. The factory setting of the level threshold is suitable for standard applications. The threshold will need to be adjusted in the case of very low dielectric constants, multiple interference reflections or unfavourable installation conditions.

The illustrations below show interference signals when the oscilloscope function is used. These reflections can be due to various causes, e.g. tank internals or multiple reflections within the measuring range.

Even though the interference signals are very weak, the threshold should nevertheless be set to a value above these signals.

1 Emitted pulse 2 Flange reflection 3 Level signal 4 Interference signal

1 Emitted pulse 2 Flange reflection 3 Level signal 4 Interference signal 5 Threshold

In the diagram above it can be seen that the level of the threshold is not constant: 400 mV at 1 m or

3.3 ft, and only 250 mV at 10 m or 33 ft.

No attenuation is required at a probe length ≤ 3 m or 10 ft. The form of the threshold is dependent on attenuation and is automatically adjusted by the device over the measured length.

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Setting the level threshold

If the level threshold is set too high, i.e. it is greater than the amplitude of the level reflection, the device will not find any level even with maximum amplification.

If the level threshold is set too low, i.e. it is below the amplitude of some of the interference signals, the device will identify and indicate one of these interference signals as a level reflection only if the tank is empty.

Precise setting of the level threshold is especially important when the dielectric constant is low.

• To set, the level (amplitude of the reflection) must be known.

• The level threshold should be half-way between the invalid interference signals and the level

reflection signal.

• The reflection from the probe tip, which is clearly identifiable at a low εr value, does not need to lie below the level threshold.

Take a look at all the reflections over the entire probe length and then change the level threshold and/or the amplification factor in the “Dynamic configuration (F11)” menu.

Typical signal trends

The following diagrams show characteristic signals that have been recorded with the oscilloscope function.

Rod or cable probe with gain 1 Rod or cable probe with gain 2

Coaxial probe with gain 1 Coaxial probe with gain 2

The signal from coaxial probes does not include the flange reflection, due to the mechanical setup which does not produce any change in impedance at the flange.

The amplitude of reflection from the product surface increases as the level rises and decreases as the level falls.

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Automatic adjustment:

To maintain a sufficiently strong reflection signal, the gain is adjusted automatically. When the amplitude of the level reflection decreases, the gain will increase to compensate for the loss in signal amplitude. Gain and level threshold thus maintain the same proportion.

At gain 3, the level signal (1) is located between a distance of 2 and 4 metres or 6.5 and 13 ft. (2) is the level threshold. This is shown below:

The level has dropped, increasing the distance between the product and the flange. The reflection signals for level (1) and interference signals (3) have become weaker (smaller amplitude). The interference signals are now below the level threshold (2), whose lower limit is 50 mV. As in the diagram above, the amplification factor is 3. Refer to the graph below:

In both cases, the automatically adjusted gain of the threshold indicates all signals located above one-half of the amplitude of the level signal.

In the event of operational or installation faults, you can frequently identify the cause of the fault by means of this function and normally eliminate it yourself. Should the fault persist, please send a copy of the screen (screen shots with F10) to your KROHNE Service Centre. A list of service centres for each country is supplied on the back page of this handbook.

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Procedure (example where the level measured is too low compared to true level)

• read off displayed peak amplitude using the oscilloscope function – F7

• modify level threshold value

Step Action Data entered/ value

displayed

1 Execute PCSTAR 2. Press F2 to connect to gauge. n/a 2 Press F11 to open F11-Dynamic configuration

n/a

window.

3 The top of the window gives the distance, peak

amplitude in volts and gain.

21000 mm 650 mV Gain 3

4 The configured level threshold is listed under peak

n/a amplitude in mV. Click on the “Modify” box to activate the “Threshold” field.

5 Click on the ”Threshold” field and enter the new

500 mV value.

6 If the approximate level is known, click on the

“Distance” field and then click on the “Search” button

7 If the value is still too low, try reducing threshold

n/a again by small amounts. If this does not resolve the problem, contact the KROHNE Service Centre. . A list of service centres for each country is supplied on the back page of this handbook.

Note that the threshold drops every 2 metres or 6.5 feet.

Solid application notes

Most dry solid applications except powder or flakes with high dielectric constants, such as coal powder, are measured with a Gain of 3. If it is difficult to measure level at a certain point with the gauge using a Gain from 0 to 2, then an internal tank structure (exposed girder, etc.) is most likely to be within the electromagnetic pulse field area: the gauge will detect the largest signal and assume this is the product level.

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3.4.3 Level measurement when more than one phase or layer in the tank

Level can be measured with more than one phase in the tank. This requires setting a parameter in the factory menu (Fct. 1.1.3: Application Type) to the following measurement mode:

• 2 liquids, 1 level

• 1 liquid, 1 level

for measuring level with two or more phases for measuring one phase or liquid

Characteristics

• The level of the top product can be detected if it has a minimum layer of approximately 100 mm – when measuring a top product with a dielectric constant of 2.4.

• The mode “2 liquids, 1 level” permits level to be measured even when more than 2 liquids are present in the tank.

• The first return signal is identified as being level and the second is ignored.

• This mode may be used with all probe types.

Example application 1: level measurement of oil (1 liquid in the tank)

With Factory Menu Fct. 1.1.3: Application Type set to 1 liquid, 1 level, the BM 102 will search for the return signal with the highest amplitude (i.e. higher than the threshold). It will measure the oil level. 1

Level measurement signal

2 Threshold

Example application 2: level measurement when there are 2 liquids (oil/water) in the tank – using a correctly configured gauge

With Factory Menu Fct. 1.1.3: Application Type set to 2 liquids, 1 level, the BM 102 will search for the first return signal higher than the control threshold. It will correctly measure the oil level (i.e. “level”).

1 Level signal

2 Threshold - finds first signal

3 Oil-water interface signal

For further information, please contact your local KROHNE Service Centre. Contact details are supplied on the last page of this manual.

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4 Service / Maintenance

Maintenance is normally not required in standard applications. However, heavy deposits on the probe can cause measurement deviations or faulty operation. The measuring system is comprised of:

• a signal converter,

• a probe,

• seals and

• a process connection.

4.1 Replacement of the signal converter

BM 102 servicing by the customer is limited by warranty to the removal and replacement of the housing containing the potted signal converter. Other repairs must be done by KROHNEauthorized service staff. For safety reasons, the signal converter must be detached from the flange system under atmospheric conditions.

Before changing the converter and its housing:

• Disconnect gauge from the power supply before servicing.

• Ensure that the tank is at atmospheric pressure before servicing.

• Do not, under any circumstances, remove the locking ring (circlips), item A,

shown below – this is a critical pressure-bearing component:

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Signal converter housing 2 O-ring, grease well before fitting 3 Lock washer 4 Housing (socket head cap) screw x 4

(M5 x 12), non-pressure-bearing

Procedure to replace the signal converter (refer to diagram above) Step Action

1 Disconnect all wires (see sections 2.1.2 or 2.1.3) 2

Unscrew the 4 socket head cap screws M5x12 (ISO 4762), item 4, using a 4 mm

Allen/hexagon key) and remove the signal converter. 3 The gasket between signal converter and flange must be well greased. 4 Install the new signal converter and making sure that the signal pin in the

housing is not damaged. 5 Reinsert and tighten up the 4 socket head cap screws M5x12, item 4. 6 Reconnect all wires as described in sections 2.1.2 or 2.1.3.

Hazardous-duty systems

Before replacing the signal converter in hazardous locations, make absolutely sure that there is no risk of explosion (gas-free certificate). For further information refer to the BM 102 MICROFLEX KEMA 00 ATEX 1101X Supplementary Installation and Operating Instructions. This document is available from the “Download Centre” on KROHNE’s website http://www.krohne.com/.

For pressurized tanks with a flange connection between the tank and the device, do not undo the 4 flange bolts - these are used for fastening the complete sealing system.

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4.2 Fault clearing

Event Fault Action Error messages

“Tank full” status marker on*, reading frozen at max. or min. value

“Tank empty” status marker on*, reading frozen at max. or min. value

“Tank full” and “Level lost” status marker on*, reading frozen at max. or min. value

“Level lost” status marker on*, reading is frozen

“Reference not found” status marker on*

“Level lost” and “Reference not found” status markers on*, reading frozen

* Gauge connected to PC-STAR 2 software or HART Handheld Controller (HHC) with Marker

status window (F8) or list displayed

** KROHNE service centre contact details are supplied on the last page of this handbook.

No fault. The level has reached (and possibly risen above) the top configured measurement limit and is either displaying the maximum (when measuring level) or minimum (when measuring distance) output. No fault. The level has entered the gauge’s bottom dead zone and can no longer detect a return signal. Either the maximum (when measuring distance) or minimum (when measuring level) output is displayed. No fault. The level has entered the gauge’s top dead zone and can no longer detect a return signal. The instrument has lost the level signal, has searched but not yet found the return pulse. This may occur if the pulse has dropped below the threshold. Parasite signals from the flange or obstructions in the tank may render the gauge unable to identify the correct signal. Occurs when there is a problem with the time base on the HF board. The probe has received an electrostatic discharge.

None. Measurements should be normal once the level is in the configured measurement range.

Empty the tank below the top measurement range limit and check the measurement.

Ensure that tank is emptied below maximum level and check the measurement. If the signal is not detected then modify the control threshold manually as shown in sections 3.5.2 and 8.4.2 using the oscilloscope (F7) and dynamic configuration (F11) windows in PCSTAR 2. Please contact your local KROHNE Service Centre**.

The gauge will search for the level again and resume readings. If the reading remains frozen then the signal converter may have been damaged by ESD and may need replacing. Please contact your local KROHNE Service Centre**.

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Event Fault Action

“Flange not found” status marker on*

The signal converter has been incorrectly configured to measure with a cable or rod

Contact your local KROHNE Service Centre for the

corrective procedure**. probe when it is equipped with a coaxial probe. This may also due to installation on a long nozzle which has the effect of attenuating the flange pulse.

“Delay out of limits” status marker on*, reading is frozen.

“Negative voltage error” status marker on* “VC01 voltage error ” status

The emitted pulse has not been detected. The gauge will not work until it has been found. Occurs when there is a problem with the time base on the HF board.

The signal converter may

need replacing. Please

contact your local KROHNE

Service Centre**.

Please contact your local

KROHNE Service Centre**.

marker on* “VC02 voltage error” status marker on* “Reprogramming FPGA” status marker on*

* Gauge connected to PC-STAR 2 software or HART Handheld Controller (HHC) with Marker

status window (F8) or list displayed

** KROHNE service centre contact details are supplied on the last page of this handbook.

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Event Fault Action General operation

Instrument is not accurate with a product that has a high dielectric. A constant offset is observed when taking measurements.

Tank height is not correct. Check current output and tank

height parameters. If the signal converter has been replaced, verify that factory calibration parameters are still the same. Ask KROHNE** for the factory calibration sheet (if not supplied) and the password for

access to the factory menu. The BM 102 indicates an incorrect level value.

The BM 102 measures a non-valid reflection.

Check the tank for obstructions and

verify that the probe is clean.

In the case the indicated level is

close to the nozzle, increase the

detection delay and the dead zone

with the same ratio or increase the

threshold level if the full

measurement range is essential.

In any case use the PC STAR 2

oscilloscope function to visualise

and to analyse the application.

The threshold level must be

adjusted so that it masks the

disturbances. It also gives enough

margin for detection of the level

pulse.

Very large pulses along the

measurement signal (same

amplitude as the initial pulse) can

be caused by a probe which is

touching the nozzle or the tank side

(see section 1.3.5). Ensure that no

contact is possible. Instrument is not accurate when there are two or more phases in the tank.

The instrument may be incorrectly configured for this type of application i.e. it is measuring the interface instead of the level.

Contact KROHNE** for the

corrective procedure or refer to the

Service Manual.

Check that Factory Menu function

1.1.3: Application Type is set to

“2 liquids, 1 level”.

Check also that there is a layer of

more than 100 mm of top product

above the bottom product.

** KROHNE service centre contact details are supplied on the last page of this handbook.

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Event Fault Action Electrical Connections and Communication Output

Current Output value < 4 mA.

No power supply. Check the power supply Connection of the device is incorrect.

Check the connection between the device and the

power supply. The calibration of the current output is incorrect.

Execute the calibration if you

have authorized access or

contact KROHNE Service

centre**.

Reads 22 mA.

An error has occurred. This happens in case the

range 4-20 mA / error 22 mA

is selected.

Check the status of the device

by selecting the marker

window (F8) or enter the

status (4.0) menu of the

communicator.

HART The device is in its start-up phase.

Wait 50 seconds. If the current

value drops to a value

between 4 and 20 mA, and

goes immediately back to

22 mA, contact your KROHNE

Service Centre**.

The value at the current output does not correspond to the value at the display (PC STAR 2 or HART® communicator).

The current output settings are incorrect.

Check the current loop and

the connections.

Configure the output as

described in Sect. 3.3.3 (user

sub-menu 1.3) of the BM 102

Handbook – also try adjusting

the threshold using F11-

Dynamic Configuration

function (PCSTAR 2) or menu

2.1.5.1.0 (HHC). Data communication via the digital interface is not working. The BM 102 is in its start up phase, wait 50 seconds and try again.

The communication parameters of the computer are set incorrectly. Bad connection to the interface. Current output value is < 4 mA. Current output value is = 22 mA

Check computer setting (address/device number).

Check connection.

Contact your KROHNE Service Centre**. If problem persists then contact your KROHNE Service Centre**.

* This document is available from your local KROHNE Sales office or on the “Download Centre”

on KROHNE’s website http://www.krohne.com/.

** KROHNE service centre contact details are supplied on the last page of this handbook.

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5 Technical data

5.1 Technical data

Application

Range of applications Continuous level measurement of liquids, pastes, slurries and

Function and system design

Measuring principle Time domain reflectometry Equipment architecture See section 5.2

Input

Measured variable Distance (between the reference point – gauge flange facing –

Measurement range Variable according to probe type, see Equipment architecture,

Blocking Distance (dead zone)

Output

Analogue 4 … 20 mA, passive output

Passive outputs 750 ohms maximum Error signal 22 mA

Digital HART®, passive output Digital, Ex ia HART®, passive intrinsically-safe output Signal on alarm Status markers via PC STAR 2 or HART® controller (HHC)

Performance characteristics Accuracy

Level measurement Liquids when probe length, L ≤ 15 m or 50 ft. ± 15 mm or 0.6 “ outside the dead zone

Liquids when probe length, L > 15 m or 50 ft. ± 0.1% of the measured distance

Solids (powders) ± 20 mm or 0.8 “ with 4 … 20 mA current output ± 0.01% of the measured distance

Reference operating conditions

Ambient temperature +20°C ± 5°C or +68°F ± 9°F Ambient air pressure 1013 mbar abs. ± 20 mbar or 14.69 psig ± 0.29 psi Relative air humidity 60% ± 15% Reference target - coaxial probe : water surface

- single probe : Ø 0.8 m or Ø 31.5 in. metal plate

- twin probe : metal block “short circuit” Free space diameter > 300 mm * or 11.81” * Distance to obstruction > 1 m or > 3.28 ft.

* not necessary for coaxial probe.

powders

and the product surface), level, liquid interface & volume

section 5.2.1 Variable according to probe type, see probe measurement limits, see section 5.2.2

Load

Temperature drift Resolution

Optional: ± 5 mm or 0.2 “

Optional: ± 0.05% of the measured distance

25 ppm / K ± 3 µA

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Repeatability ± 2 mm or 0.08 “ Hysteresis none Resolution ± 1 mm or 0.04 “ Transient recovery time The transient recovery time to 1% deviation from the final value

amounts to approx. 4.6 times the programmed time constant. However, the transient recovery time may differ if changes in

level are very rapid. Start-up time ≤ 23 seconds Long term drift The long term drift is within the specified error of measurement.

Allow for the thermal expansion coefficient in the case of liquids

(organic liquids: ~0.15%/K) Influence of ambient temperature current output HART

: typically 70 ppm/K measured value Approx.25 ppm (max. deviation over whole measurement range). atmosphere -1 ppm/K (above the liquid product). digital No influence on measured value due to regular self-calibration.

Environment

Ambient temperature -30°C … +60°C or -20°F … +140°F*** Storage temperature -40°C … +80°C or -40°F … +176°F Environment class Locations exposed direct to open-air climate, D1 Protection IP 65 / NEMA 4 – 4X Shock resistance The device withstands the impact test in conformity with EN

61010, Section 8.2 with 0.5 J energy.

Vibration endurance limit IEC 68-2-6 and prEN 50178

(10-57Hz: 0.075 mm / 57-150 Hz: 1 G).

Power supply

Standard 24 V DC, Hazardous-duty (Ex, FM, …) ≤ 28 V DC Range 18 … 35 V DC

Process

Process temperature, product -30°C … +200°C or -22°F … +392°F * ** Process temperature, flange -30°C … +90°C or -22°F … +194°F,

option +200°C or 390°F** Process pressure, standard

-1 … 16 bar or -14.5 … 232 psig; max. 40 bar or 580 psig at

20°C or 45°F***

Minimum dielectric constant εr of product measured: probe type limits

Coaxial (type 3) Twin probe (type 4) Single probes (types 1, 2 & 6)

εr ≥ 1.4

εr ≥ 1.8

εr ≥ 2.1

Human interface

Communication, standard Operator control and data display via PC using PCSTAR 2

software or HART

handheld communicator Point-to-point 1 gauge connected to a PC or HHC Multi-drop Up to 5 gauges connected to a PC or HHC

* see BM 102 MICROFLEX KEMA 00ATEX1101X Supplementary Installation and Operating Instructions for Ex values ** higher or lower temperatures on request (non-Ex) *** Subject to the process temperature and the mechanical properties of the process connection

64 BM 102

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Construction materials

Housing Aluminium with epoxy coating Probe Refer to section 5.2.1: BM 102 mechanical options Gasket Viton, optionally Kalrez 6375 Spacers (on twin probes) Refer to section 5.2.1: BM 102 mechanical options

Weight

Housing 2 kg or 4.4 lb Single rod Ø 8 mm 0.41 kg/m or 0.28 lb/ft Single cable Ø 4 mm 0.12 kg/m or 0.08 lb/ft Twin cable Ø 4 mm 0.24 kg/m or 0.16 lb/ft Single cable Ø 8 mm 0.41 kg/m or 0.28 lb/ft Coaxial 1.3 kg/m or 0.87 lb/ft

Standards

Electromagnetic compatibility directives followed for EU

The level gauge satisfies the protection requirements of :

Electromagnetic compatibility

countries Directive 89/336/EEC in conjunction with EN 61326-1(A1&A2)

and EN 61000-6-2 standards. It also respects the NAMUR NE 21/98 standard. Protection against EMC emissions is only guaranteed when the device is used in metal tanks (except when the device is equipped with coaxial probes).

Other EU directives

Low voltage electrical equipment

Directive 73/23/EEC modified by Directive 93/68/EEC (art.13) in conjunction with the EN 61010-1 standard.

ATEX*

Directive 94/9/EC in conjunction with EN 50014, EN 50020 and EN 50284 standards. Refer to the BM 102 MICROFLEX KEMA 00 ATEX 1101X Supplementary Installation and Operating Instructions for further information.

5.1.1 Accuracy

Due to the method of measurement, which primarily determines distance, the measuring accuracy is specified only as a factor of distance. For that reason, all data in this section refers to the measured distance.

Standard calibration

Error of measurement (mm)

Distance from flange (m)

BM 102 65

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Special calibration

Error of measurement (mm)

Distance from flange (m)

5.1.2 Start-up characteristics

The current output stays at 22 mA for 15 seconds once switched on. The analogue output subsequently indicates a value between 4 and 20 mA until the level has been found. After a maximum of 23 seconds, the current output indicates the measured level and follows it.

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5.2 BM 102 equipment architecture

5.2.1 BM 102 mechanical options (by probe type)

Single cable Ø8 mm

or 0.3” (Type 6)

Single flexible cable

with counterweight.

≤ 24 m or 79 ft.

Ø600 mm

or Ø4 “

2.1

DN50 PN 25/40

2” ANSI 150 lbs

1½” G / 1½” NPT

SS 316 / 316L

Powder

Single rod Ø8 mm

or 0.3” (Type 1)

Single cable Ø4 mm

or 0.15” (Type 2)

Liquid / Liquid Gas applications

Twin cable Ø4 mm

or 0.15” (Type 4)

Coaxial Øext. 28 mm

or 1.1” (Type 3)

Single rigid rod.

Single flexible cable

with countrerweight.

wo flexible SS316

ables with spacers

interspersed along its

Single inner conductor

with protective tube.

ircuit and

length, with short

3 m or 10 ft.**

Ø600 mm

or Ø24 “

24 m or 79 ft.

Ø600 mm

or Ø24 “

ounterweight.

24 m or 79 ft.

Ø200 mm

or Ø8 “

6 m or 20 ft.

Ø0 mm

or Ø0 “

2.1

1.8

1.4

DN50 PN 25/40

2” ANSI 150 lbs

DN50 PN 25/40

2” ANSI 150 lbs

DN50 PN 25/40

2” ANSI 150 lbs

DN50 PN 25/40

2” ANSI 150 lbs

1” G / 1” NPT

2” G / 2” NPT***

1” G / 1” NPT

S 316L

Hastelloy C276

PVDF coated (non-Ex)*

SS 316 / 316L

Hastelloy C22

SS 316 FEP coated

SS 316 / 316L

SS 316L

Hastelloy C276

PVC coated (non-Ex)*

** higher on request *** on request

Liquid * gauge with flange connection

Probe

(Type code)

Description

BM 102 67

Level

Range, max.

Free area (no

obstructions or

discontinuities)

Minimum

dielectric const-

ant, εr

Minimum process

connection

Probe material

Page 68

Single cable Ø8 mm

or 0.3” (Type 6)

No spacer.

Ø12 x 100 (316L),

where L > 10 m

Ø45 x 245 (316L),

where L < 10 m

Turnbuckle (316L)**

Without**

Powder

Single rod Ø8 mm

or 0.3” (Type 1)

Single cable Ø4 mm

or 0.15” (Type 2)

Liquid / Liquid Gas applications

Twin cable Ø4 mm

or 0.15” (Type 4)

Coaxial Øext. 28 mm

or 1.1” (Type 3)

No spacer.

FEP moulded onto

PTFE (if length

None

Ø25 x 100 (316L)

the cable.

Ø45 x 60 (316L)

> 1.5 m or 5 ft).

None

Ø25 x 100 (HC22)

Turnbuckle (316L)

Ø25 x 100 (HC276)

Chuck (316L)

Turnbuckle (316L)

** on request

Probe

(Type code)

Spacer material

68 BM 102

Counterweight

(dimensions in

mm)

Gauge

illiustration

Page 69

5.2.2 Definition of terms

Distance Distance from the face of flange to the level (1 product) or the surface of

the top product (2 products).

Level: Height from the bottom of the of the tank to the surface of the top product

(Tank height – distance).

Probe Length: Ordered length of probe, L1, from face of flange to end of probe (including

short circuit and counterweight). Tank Height: Distance from the face of the flange to the bottom of the tank. Ullage (volume): Unfilled volume. Volume: Total volume filled.

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5.2.3 Probe measurement limits

A1, the top dead zone,

The minimum distance from the flange to the top limit of the measuring range. The measurement displayed on the gauge will freeze below this distance and status markers will indicate that the reflection has been lost.

A2, the bottom dead zone,

A length at the end of the probe where measurement is not possible. For products with very low dielectric constants (εr < 5), accuracy may be affected in a non-linear zone up to 150 mm or 6” above the bottom dead zone, A2

D, the non measurement zone,

A zone where measurements cannot be taken (i.e. the counterweight, turnbuckle, etc.*). The measurement displayed on the gauge will freeze to L

L1, factory configured probe length

Length to the end of the probe (excluding short circuit or counterweight*). This parameter is given in User Function 1.1.6: Probe length in the User Configuration Mode.

L, with probe length

The length specified by the customer in the order (including the counterweight).

Note : dead zone = blocking distance *except the Ø12 mm x 100 mm or Ø½ “ x 4” counterweight for the Ø8 mm or 0.3 “ single cable probe

Warning:

Set PCSTAR 2 User Function 1.1.2 “Dead zone” in the gauge’s configuration mode to at least top dead zone size as specified per probe type in the table below, so that the gauge never displays product level within this zone. Refer to user function 1.1.2 in section 4.2 for more information.

Probe type Top dead zone,

Probe measurement limits

Bottom dead A1 εr = 80*

zone, A2

εr = 80*

Top dead zone, A1 εr = 2.4*

Bottom dead zone, A2

εr = 2.4* Twin cable Ø4mm (4) 150mm or 6” 20mm or 0.8” 300 mm or 12” 100mm or 4” Single cable Ø4mm (2) 300mm or 12” 20mm or 0.8” 400mm or 15¾” 100mm or 4” Single rod (1) 300mm or 12” 20mm or 0.8” 400mm or 15¾” 100mm or 4” Single cable Ø8mm (6) 300mm or 12” 20mm or 0.8” 400mm or 15¾” 100mm or 4” Coaxial (3) 0mm or 0” 10mm or 0.4” 0mm or 0” 100mm or 4” *The dielectric constant εr of water is 80. The dielectric constant εr of oil is 2.4

Note:

If the device is mounted on a tank fitting (e.g. a nozzle), include the height of the tank fitting in the programmed dead zone.

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5.3 Gauge dimensions

This diagram illustrates standard gauge configurations and overall dimensions.

Housing

Standard,

M16 terminal box*

Standard, DIN

connector** with threaded

High

temperature version

With

inactive length***

connection

Probe

3: Coaxial Ø 28 (1.1)

Standard counterweight

None Ø45x60

Size of threaded hole in base of counterweight for anchoring

4: Twin cable Ø 4 (0.15)

(Ø1¾x2½ )

2: Single cable Ø 4 (0.15)

1: Single rod Ø 8 (0.3)

6: Single cable

Ø 8 (0.3)

Ø25x100 (Ø1x4)

None Ø12x100 (Ø½x4)**** or

Ø45x245 (Ø½x9¾)*****

None M8 M8 None M8 Dimensions in mm (inches) * with a cable fitting M16X1.5 Ø3.5-Ø8 ** with a cable fitting PG11 Ø8-Ø10 DIN43650-A *** the inactive length (i.e. a non-active extension at the top of the probe) may be supplied with the following standard lengths : 100 mm or 4”, 200 mm or 8”, 300 mm or 12”, 400 mm or 16”, 500 mm or 20” and 1 m or 40“ – for single rod and single cable probe versions only. **** where L

BM 102 71

> 10m or > 33ft ***** where L < 10m or < 33ft L = ordered probe length

Page 72

6 Measuring principle

6.1 General principle

The BM102 MICROFLEX has been developed from a tried and tested technology called “Time Domain Reflectrometry” (T.D.R.). Other modern applications include checking for and locating damage along telecommunication cable lines.

The BM 102 sends low-power electromagnetic pulses of one nanosecond width along a rod or cable conductor. This pulse travels at a known speed: the speed of light. Upon reaching the surface of the product to be measured, the pulses are reflected back with a signal strength that is dependent on the dielectric constant, εr, of the product (e.g. up to 80% of the pulse strength is reflected from the surface of water).

A product’s dielectric constant, εr, is an electrical property. The strength of pulse reflection from the surface of the product being measured is registered by the instrument as signal amplitude in volts.

The instrument measures the time between the emission and the reception of the signal: half of this time corresponds to the distance from the instrument reference point (the flange facing) to the product surface. This value of time is converted into an analogue output current between 4 and 20mA or a digital signal corresponding to a calibrated distance which can then be displayed digitally in a variety of forms from a list of choices available in the gauge’s user menu.

Readings taken using this technology have the advantage of being uninfluenced by dust, foam, vapour, agitated and boiling surfaces. Pressure, temperature and density variations also have no effect.

The BM 102 determines level using a “direct” measurement method, explained below.

72 BM 102

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Level measurement as signal amplitude over time since signal was emitted

1 Flange reflection

2 Level measurement

6.1.1 Level measurement of one product

The pulse is emitted by the instrument and guided along the probe. It reflects off the first product surface it meets and returns to the instrument. The distance from the gauge flange to the product is proportional to the time taken:

Distance = c

. time taken , where c0 is the speed of light in air.

Level is determined by subtracting the distance to the product from the tank height. Note that the instrument is normally delivered with level being measured from the end of the probe, where the tank is taken to be empty once the product falls below this point.

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7 Certificates and Approvals

Approval and project code Approved classes and groups ATEX*

KEMA 00 ATEX 1101 X

Factory Mutual Research*

Project ID 3009543

CSA*

Project 1183965 (Edition 1) (KEMA: 2007223.00)

Symbols used for the identification of approved equipment

Conformity to E.U. directives and norms

* Refer to BM 102 MICROFLEX KEMA 00 ATEX 1101 X Supplementary Installation and Operating Instructions for further information. The certificates are available on KROHNE’s download centre webpage on http://www.krohne.com/. **The above symbols, with the exception of the “CE” symbol, will not appear on gauge nameplates or supplied paperwork unless the approvals are specified in the order by the customer.

Exapproved **

II 1 G or II 1/2 D T 100 °C

EEx ia IIC T6 … T3 or EEx ia IIB T6 … T3

Intrinsically Safe apparatus for use in Class I, II and III, Division 1, Groups A, B, C, D, E, F and G and Class I Zone 0 Group IIC hazardous (classified) locations in accordance with Entity requirements and Control drawing F0820860412.

Class: 2258 04 – Process Control Equipment – Intrinsically Safe, Entity – For Hazardous Locations Products: Class I, Groups A, B, C and D; Class II, Groups E, F and G; Class III.

FMapproved **

CSAapproved **

74 BM 102

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8 PCSTAR 2 software user’s guide

This section is a complete guide to the functions available in PC STAR 2 V2.01, a software program developed in-house to optimise remote configuration and data display on a PC (Personal Computer) work station. It is supplied as standard with the instrument.

8.1 Software installation

Refer to section 3.3.1.

8.2 PCSTAR 2 software history

Date of introduction

Month/Year Software

04/2000 V0.42a Win 3.x,Win 9.x Ver. 1.00 07/2000 V0.43a Win 9x Ver. 1.10 to 1.11 01/2001 1.00 Win 9x Ver. 1.20 to 1.22 10/2002 2.00 Win 9x, 2000, Me, NT Ver. 1.22 to 1.23 06/2003 2.01 Win 9x, 2000, Me, NT, XP Ver. 1.20 to 1.23

PC user software (PCSTAR 2) details

Compatible operating

release

system (PC)

Compatible BM 102 firmware

8.3 Supported networks

• Point-to-point

• Multi-drop

Refer to section 5.5.1.

8.4 PCSTAR 2 functions

Check that the correct hardware has been installed to allow communication between the gauge and the work station. Once the software is running, the basic functions (and the associated function keys) will be shown at the foot of the first page. Open the PCSTAR 2 software. The operator will see the PCSTAR 2 main title window:

BM 102 75

Page 76

To enter the functions displayed in the diagram above, move the cursor to the bar concerned and left-click to open or use the keyboard function key (F1 – F10) indicated. The functions and subfunctions available are discussed in sections 8.4.1 to 8.4.7 below.

8.4.1 F1 Help

PCSTAR 2 Off- and On-line Help file for a summary of PCSTAR 2 functions.

8.4.2 F2-Connection: on-line functions

F2-Connection opens a real-time connection between PCSTAR 2 and the gauge.

This establishes a connection with the gauge(s). A small window will open either confirming the connection or advising the user otherwise. This will open a window which displays graphics of the current status of outputs and a representation of the tank.

76 BM 102

Page 77

This shows the real-time tank status. This screen is divided into three parts. In default layout for a single output, this will show a bar with Current output and level graduations on the left hand side, a representation of the tank with its contents in the middle (the top dead zone will be indicated as a grey dotted line) and a bar with distance and level graduations on the right.

Functions available on this screen are:

F1-Help F2-Configuration F3-Exit F4-Record

On-line help (presents information given in this guide) BM 102 user parameters. Disconnect from gauge Configure PCSTAR to record data from the gauge over a given time period

F6-Trend F7-Oscillo(scope)

level against recording time graph Voltage amplitude against distance from flange graph displaying all reflections registered along the probe.

F8-Markers F9-Colors F10-Screen copy F11-Dyn. Config (dynamic configuration)

Status markers on/off graph For modifying the colour of display screen elements Saving for printing this screen in bitmap format For changing the control threshold for detecting reflections manually. Useful when there are obstructions causing parasite signals in the tank.

These functions are described on the following pages.

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F1 – Help Menu:

On-line help file.

F2 – Configuration Menu:

For creating and modifying gauge settings while PCSTAR 2 is connected to the gauge. The configuration may also be created, modified or saved without sending the new settings to the gauge in this window. The User configuration menu will be listed as shown in Section 3.3.1 of this manual. The values displayed will be either default or customer-order specified values. Follow the instructions in this section to configure the gauge.

Functions available on this page (use scroll slider on the right hand side to show all):User functions 1.1.1,1.1.2,1.1.3 & 1.1.6 : Basis Parameters User functions 1.2.4, 1.2.5 & 1.2.6 : Display Parameters User functions 1.3.1 to 1.3.5 : Current Output I Parameters User functions 1.4.3 to 1.4.9 : User Data Parameters User function 1.5.1 : Application Parameter User function 1.6.2 : Serial Input/Output Parameter User function 1.7.0 : Volume Table Parameters and…

F1 – Help : F2 – Load from disk :

F3 – Exit: F4 – Load from BM102: F5 – Save to disk:

F6 – Send to BM102:

78 BM 102

On-line help file This loads old settings from the hard disk onto PCSTAR 2 (but not to gauge). Exit configuration page to real-time measurement main window. This loads the configuration used by the gauge into PCSTAR 2. Press to save a configuration onto disk in *.KRF format. This allows the user to load configurations later and also facilitates analysis of the gauge by KROHNE personnel if a problem is encountered. Press this once all configuration parameters have been entered. This will load the new configuration into the gauge.

Page 79

F3 – Exit

Quit to main title window.

F4 – Record Menu

The software will temporarily record the last two hours of operation without using the record menu. This information will be displayed on the “Trend” and “Markers” windows. However, if the user wishes to make a permanent record of measurement data then it is necessary to set and confirm a measurement record period in this menu. It is also recommended to activate the “Oscilloscope” option in order to have information on pulse reflection times. This is set in the window below:

Functions available on this page:-

F1 – Help: F2 – Start: F3 – Exit: Browse: Recording Options:

On-line help file Start Record Exit to real-time measurement main window Find directory and create record file (*.dat) Start of Recording- Either from now or a delayed start (date and

time)

End of Recording- Either in a given number of hours or a given

date and time.

Signal/ Oscilloscope- Activate these zones to record these types

of data.

Time slice- Time spacing between each recorded

reading. Range: 1 to 30 minutes.

Comments- Complementary information concerning the

record (50 characters maximum)

BM 102 79

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F6 – Trend Menu

Displays a real-time graph of level against time since the gauge started recording.

Functions:-

F1 – Help: F3 – Exit: F4 – Zoom -: F5 – Zoom +: F10 – Screen copy

On-line help file Exit to real-time measurement main window Reduces the time scale Increases the time scale To select a directory and save the current screen as a bitmap file.

80 BM 102

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F7 – Oscilloscope function

Using the F7 – Oscilloscope function (Oscillo.), all reflections occurring at the probe can be displayed. This is a help for optimum setting of the dead zone, the non-measurable zone, and the threshold under Function F11. It provides details on the position and strength (amplitude) of every signal between the initial pulse and the tip of the probe.

Refer to section 3.4.2: Gain and signal amplitude for information on how to use F7-Oscilloscope and F11-Dynamic Configuration windows to modify Gain and level threshold manually to assist detection of the product surface in unfavourable installation conditions.

Other functions available on the Oscilloscope window:

F1 – Help F3 – Exit F4 – Zoom F5 – Zoom + F10 – Screen copy

On-line help file Exit to real-time measurement main window Reduces the time slice scale Increases the time slice scale To select a directory and save the current screen as a bitmap file.

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F8 – Markers Menu

Displays a real-time evolving graph of error markers which are either displayed as active (value 1) or inactive (value 0).

Refer to section 4.2 “Fault clearing” for corrective procedures when the markers shown above are active.

Other functions available on the Markers window:

F1 – Help F3 – Exit F4 – Zoom F5 – Zoom + F10 – Screen copy

On-line help file Exit to real-time measurement main window Reduces the time slice scale Increases the time slice scale To select a directory and save the current screen as a bitmap file.

F9 – Colors Menu

Refer to section 8.4.7 for all information concerning this set of functions.

82 BM 102

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F10 – Screen copy Menu

To save a bitmap image of the active window.

F11 – Dynamic configuration

Use F11-Dyn. Config. to get into the “Dynamic Configuration” menu.

Here, you can:

• read the distance to the product surface, the amplitude and the amplification factor,

• change the level threshold

• specify the distance to the product surface,

• initiate automatic search of the probe tip,

• test the current output.

Fct. Threshold

The level threshold must be adjusted according to the amplitude and the amplification factor of the level reflection signal. The factory-set threshold is suitable for most applications.

Factory-set threshold 500V, gain 3 when distance < 2 m or < 6½ ft Min. threshold 50 mV, gain 3 Max. threshold 2500 mV, gain 0

Where interference reflections are caused by tank fittings/nozzles or other internals, which can lead to faulty measurements, the level threshold must be adjusted. The interference signals are suppressed and only the signals are indicated whose amplitude lies above the threshold.

NOTE:

The level threshold may not be set when the tank is full; rather, it should ideally lie halfway between the level and interference reflections.

BM 102 83

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To set the level theshold, we recommend the following filling height:

• Minimum height: 300 mm or 12 ” above the probe tip or the upper weight,

• Maximum height: distance to flange at least 500 mm or 20 “

Fct. Input distance

This function is used to search for the level signal at a pre-configured distance. The current output is set to the appropriate value directly after the distance has been input.

Note:

If the function is executed during normal operation, this may possibly have consequences on downstream systems.

Fct. Search end of probe

This function automatically defines the probe length. It is used, for example, after the probe has been shortened. The tank needs to be empty when this function is executed. If the probe tip is not found, possibly a level threshold has been set that is too high. Set the threshold to a lower value so that the reflection signal from the probe tip can be identified.

Fct. Current output tests

This function is used to check the accuracy of the analog output by means of a milliammeter. For this test a milliammeter must be connected into the loop. The following current values to be generated can be selected: 4/8/12/20/22 mA.

Other functions:-

F1 – Help F3 – Exit F10 – Screen copy

On-line help file, Exit to real-time measurement main window, To select a directory and save the current screen as a bitmap file.

8.4.3 F3 Exit:

To quit PCSTAR.

8.4.4 F4 Serial (parameters):

For configuring the gauge for networks. Refer to section 3.3.1 for a list of available parameters.

8.4.5 F5 Record (Reading):

Play back recording functions (offline).

1. The function will display a window: Record file – Open…. Browse for the DAT file

required. Press OK to open file or Cancel to quit.

84 BM 102

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2. When OK is pressed, the DAT file details are displayed.

Functions:

F1 – Help F2 – Start F3 – Exit

On-line help file. Start reading the file data. Goes to record reading main window – see below. Exit to main title window.

BM 102 85

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Item Item Description

1 Current output 1/ level in mA/mm 2 Tank diagram showing current position of level 3 Dead zone limit (configured) 4A & B (A) Distance/ level of top product in mm & (B) Ullage volume/ volume in liters*

(*configurable display). 5 Date of time slice 6 Time of time slice 7 F6: Trend function – shows level and interface over time recorded 8 F1: Help – on-line help function 9 F7: Oscilloscope – to display signal amplitude/return signal time at a given day and time 10 F2 : Configuration – access to user menu. The settings here are read-only. This list will

also show modifications to the gauge settings over the time measurement data is

recorded 11 F8 : Markers – Error indicators activated at a given time and date 12 F3 : Exit Record Reading window 13 F9 : Colors – change screen component colours as shown in Section 8.4.3 14 F10 : Screen copy – function for saving bitmaps of the current screen. 15 +: playback functions – see screenshot below

The Signal, Trend, Markers, Configuration function windows given in the list on the preceding page correspond to those found in the real-time display windows with the exception that the real-time functions are suppressed, i.e. F6 Numerize in the Alt F1 Oscilloscope window.

Bottom of Record Reading main screen when the “+” sign is pressed

“+” sign …at the bottom right hand side of the window. This will access the viewing features in

the Record Display Window (item 15). Alt M to view either the data in Continuous mode or in Step by step mode. Alt N to view “Forward” (Continuous mode) or “Next (step)” (Step by step mode). Alt P to view “Backwards” (Continuous mode) or “Previous (step)” (Step by step mode). Alt B Reading Position - A slider control appears to permit the user to browse quickly

through the time slices recorded, as shown below. Either click on the arrows at the

end of the bar to move back or forward one time slice, or hold the left mouse button

down and pull the slider along to the required time slice.

1 Record start

time slice

2 Currently

displayed time slice

3 Record stop

time slice

86 BM 102

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8.4.6 F9 Colors

Change colours used on PCSTAR display board. 16 are available.

F1 – Help F2 – Exit and save F3 – Exit F4 – Default colors

On-line PCSTAR Help Saves new settings for the screen elements concerned Exit to main title window without saving modified elements. Reset to original colour scheme

Modifiable color parameters Screen elements Chosen component

Select display window from the drop-down menu

Selected by scrolling through a drop-down menu or by clicking on the element concerned. Click on colour palette to select colour and press F2 to save modified settings and exit.

Tank Background, tank, text, level, interface level, shadow,

information background, information text and light.

Current outputs Background, current outputs text, current output 2, current

output 1,shadow and light. Measurement bar graphs

Background, level, text, distance, interface level, volume,

ullage volume, shadow and light. Signal Background, dead zone ,frame, grid, signal, position arrow,

actual gain, other gains, shadow and light. Trend/Markers Background, markers, frame, grid and position cursor

8.4.7 Other important PCSTAR 2 functions Ctrl Alt R: BM 102 MICROFLEX – Reset

This resets the gauge from the main screen. This should be done before operating with a new configuration. It empties the old data temporarily stored in the gauge memory and permits the gauge to go through a series of checks to accept and operate with a new configuration.

Changing languages

Close PCSTAR 2. Go to “Start up” at the bottom of the desktop screen. Select menu “Programs” then “KROHNE MICROFLEX BM102” from the options given and finally select “Change PCSTAR 2 language” from this submenu. A choice of three languages (English, French and German) is given. Select the one required and confirm “OK” then re-open PCSTAR 2.

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8.5 Fault Clearing PCSTAR 2

Event Fault Action

PCSTAR 2 is unable to connect to the gauge

Corrective procedure to permit gauge to connect to PCSTAR 2 using OS WINDOWS XP Step Action Data entered/value set

1 Go to PcSt2NT.ini file in the Windows directory on

the hard disk under the PC STAR 2 sub-directory.

2 Find RTSShutdown in the list of parameters. The

default value is 0. 3 Modify the line. RTSShutdown = 150 4 Save file. n/a 5 Close the file and run PCSTAR 2. No further

software configuration problems should be

encountered.

The RTS Shutdown parameter is unable to assign a value to the PC operating system (XP for PCSTAR 2 versions prior to

2.01) When at default value 0, PCSTAR 2 tests the O.S. to identify which one is installed. An RTS Shutdown timing value is assigned depending on the results. However, this test may not recognize Windows XP, so PCSTAR will not work.

Please follow the corrective procedure below:

n/a

88 BM 102

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Appendix A: BM 102 Level Gauge Configuration Record

Please enter the data that has been set in the signal converter.

BM 102 Parameters Checklist

Device: Comm. No.: Location: Contact person: Telephone: Remarks:

Menu item changed, date: …./…../……….. …./…../……….. …./…../………..

Fct. User configuration parameters

1.1.1 Tank height

1.1.2 Dead zone

1.1.3 Time constant

1.1.6 Probe length

1.2.4 Length unit

1.2.5 Volume unit

1.2.6.1 (new) unit name

1.2.6.2 (new) unit factor

1.3.1 Current output 1, item

1.3.2 Current output 1, range

1.3.3 Scale I1 min (4mA)

1.3.4 Scale I1 max (20mA)

1.3.5 Error delay

1.4.4 Device number

1.5.1 Detection delay

1.6.2 Address Threshold

Strapping (volume) table values (please specify units) Point Level Volume Point Level Volume

0 10 1 11 2 12 3 13 4 14 5 15 6 16 7 17 8 18 9 19

Menu item changed, date: …./…../……….. …./…../……….. …./…../………..

Fct. Factory configuration parameters (KROHNE SERVICE TECHNICIANS ONLY)

1.1.1 Probe type

1.1.2 Offset

1.1.3 Application type

1.1.4 Epsilon R

2.1 Electronic offset

2.4 Electronic Calspeed

2.5 Mechanical Calspeed

2.6 Reference frequency

Firmware-Vers.: Date:

BM 102 89

Page 90

Appendix B: BM 102 – CE Declaration of Conformity

90 BM 102

Page 91

Appendix C: Returning a device for testing or repair to KROHNE

Your instrument has been carefully manufactured and tested. If installed and operated in accordance with these operating instructions, it will rarely present any problems. Should you nevertheless need to return an instrument for inspection or repair, please pay strict attention to the following points.

Due to statutory regulations on environmental protection and safeguarding the health and safety of our personnel, KROHNE may only handle, test and repair returned devices that have been in contact with products without risk to personnel and environment.

This means that KROHNE can only service your instrument if it is accompanied by the following certificate confirming that the instrument is safe to handle. If the instrument has been operated with toxic, caustic, flammable or water-endangering products, you are kindly requested:

• to check and ensure, if necessary by rinsing or neutralizing, that all cavities are free from such dangerous substances,

• to enclose a certificate with the level gauge conforming that it is safe to handle and stating the product used.

We cannot service your instrument unless accompanied by such a certificate.

Specimen certificate

Company: Address:

Department: Name:

Tel. No.: Fax No.:

The enclosed level gauge

Type:

KROHNE Order No. or Serial No.:

has been operated with the following process liquid:

Because this liquid is water-hazardous toxic caustic flammable we have checked that all cavities in the instrument are free from such substances flushed out and neutralized all cavities in the device

We confirm that there is no risk to humans or environment through any residual liquid contained in the instrument.

Date: Signature:

Company stamp:

BM 102 91

Page 92

Australia

KROHNE Australia Pty Ltd. Unit 19 No.9, Hudson Ave. Castle Hill 2154, NSW TEL.: +61(0)2-98948711 FAX: +61(0)2-98994855 e-mail: krohne@krohne.com.au

Austria

KROHNE Austria Ges.m.b.H. Modecenterstraße 14 A-1030 Wien TEL.: +43(0)1/203 45 32 FAX: +43(0)1/203 47 78 e-mail: info@krohne.at

Belgium

KROHNE Belgium N.V. Brusselstraat 320 B-1702 Groot Bijgaarden TEL.: +32(0)2-4 66 00 10 FAX: +32(0)2-4 66 08 00 e-mail: krohne@krohne.be

Brazil

KROHNE Conaut Controles Automaticos Ltda. Estrada Das Águas Espraiadas, 230 C.P. 56 06835 - 080 EMBU - SP TEL.: +55(0)11-4785-2700 FAX: +55(0)11-4785-2768 e-mail: conaut@conaut.com.br

China

KROHNE Measurement Instruments Co. Ltd. Room 7E, Yi Dian Mansion 746 Zhao Jia Bang Road Shanghai 200030 TEL.: +86(0)21-64677163 FAX: +86(0)21-64677166 Cellphone: +86(0)139 1885890 e-mail: info@krohne-asia.com

CIS

Kanex KROHNE Engineering AG Business-Centre Planeta, Office 403 ul. Marxistskaja 3 109147 Moscow/Russia TEL.: +7(0)095-9117165 FAX: +7(0)095-9117231 e-mail: krohne@dol.ru

Czech Republic

KROHNE CZ, spol. s r.o. Sobe˘s˘ická 156 CZ-63800 Brno TEL.: +420 545 532 111 FAX: +420 545 220 093 e-mail: brno@krohne.cz

Algeria Argentina Bulgaria Camaroon Canada Chile Columbia Croatia Denmark Ecuador Egypt Finland French Antilles Greece Guinea Hong Kong Hungary Indonesia Ivory Coast Iran Ireland Israel

Japan Jordan Kuwait Marocco Mauritius Mexico New Zealand Pakistan Poland Portugal Saudi Arabia Senegal Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Sweden Tai wan Thailand Turkey Tunesia Venezuela Yugoslavia

France

KROHNE S.A.S. Usine des Ors BP 98 F-26 103 Romans Cedex TEL.: +33(0)4-75 05 44 00 FAX: +33(0)4-75 05 00 48 e-mail: info@krohne.fr

Germany

KROHNE Messtechnik GmbH & Co. KG Ludwig-Krohne-Straße D-47058 Duisburg TEL.: +49(0)203-301-0 FAX: +49(0)203-301 389 e-mail: krohne@krohne.de

India

KROHNE Marshall Ltd. A-34/35, M.I.D.C. Industrial Area, H-Block, Pimpri Poona 411018 TEL.: +91(0)20-744 20 20 FAX: +91(0)20 -744 20 40 e-mail: pcu@vsnl.net

Italy

KROHNE Italia Srl. Via V. Monti 75 I-20145 Milano TEL.: +39(0)2-4 30 06 61 FAX: +39(0)2-43 00 66 66 e-mail: krohne@krohne.it

Korea

Hankuk KROHNE 2 F, 599-1 Banghwa-2-Dong Kangseo-Ku Seoul TEL.: +82(0)2665-85 23-4 FAX: +82(0)2665-85 25 e-mail: flowtech@unitel.co.kr

Netherlands

KROHNE Altometer Kerkeplaat 12 NL-3313 LC Dordrecht TEL.: +31(0)78-6306300 FAX: +31(0)78-6306390 e-mail: postmaster@krohne-altometer.nl

KROHNE Nederland B.V. Kerkeplaat 12 NL-3313 LC Dordrecht TEL.: +31(0)78-6306200 FAX: +31(0)78-6306405 Service Direkt: +31(0)78-6306222 e-mail: info@krohne.nl

Norway

Krohne Instrumentation A.S. Ekholtveien 114 NO-1526 Moss P. O. Box 2178, NO-1521 Moss TEL.: +47(0)69-264860 FAX: +47(0)69-267333 e-mail: postmaster@krohne.no Internet: www.krohne.no

South Africa

KROHNE Pty.Ltd. 163 New Road Halfway House Ext. 13 Midrand TEL.: +27(0)11-315-2685 FAX: +27(0)11-805-0531 e-mail: midrand@krohne.co.za

Spain

I.I. KROHNE Iberia, S.r.L. Poligono Industrial Nilo Calle Brasil, n°. 5 E-28806 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid TEL.: +34(0)91-8 83 21 52 FAX: +34(0)91-8 83 48 54 e-mail: krohne@krohne.es

Switzerland

KROHNE AG Uferstr. 90 CH-4019 Basel TEL.: +41(0)61-638 30 30 FAX: +41(0)61-638 30 40 e-mail: info@krohne.ch

United Kingdom

KROHNE Ltd. Rutherford Drive Park Farm Industrial Estate Wellingborough, Northants NN8 6AE, UK TEL.: +44(0)19 33-408 500 FAX: +44(0)19 33-408 501 e-mail: info@krohne.co.uk

USA

KROHNE Inc. 7 Dearborn Road Peabody, MA 01960 TEL.: +1-978 535-6060 FAX: +1-978 535 -1720 e-mail: info@krohne.com

Overseas Representatives

Other Countries:

KROHNE Messtechnik GmbH & Co. KG Ludwig-Krohne-Str. D-47058 Duisburg TEL.: +49(0)203-301 309 FAX: +49(0)203-301 389 e-mail: export@krohne.de

Subject to change without notice