Keithley 2110 User guide

Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter

Reference Manual

2110-901-01 Rev. C / August 2013

www.keithley.com

*P211090101C*

2110-901-01

A Greater Measure of Confidence

A Tektronix Company

Model 2110

5½ Digit Multimeter

Reference Manual

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Any unauthorized reproduction, photocopy, or use of the information herein, in whole or in part,

without the prior written approval of Keithley Instruments, Inc. is strictly prohibited.

All Keithley Instruments product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley

Instruments, Inc. Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective

holders.

Document number: 2110-901-01 Rev. C / August 2013

Safety precaut ions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with nonhazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the product. Refer to the user documentation for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product warranty may be impaired. The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the user documentation. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, perform safe installations, and repair products. Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley Instruments products are designed for use with electrical signals that are measurement, control, and data I/O connections, with low transient overvoltages, and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient overvoltages. Measurement Category II (as referenced in IEC 60664) connections require protection for high transient overvoltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Certain Keithley measuring instruments may be connected to mains. These instruments will be marked as category II or higher.

Unless explicitly allowed in the specifications, operating manual, and instrument labels, do not connect any instrument to mains. Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test

fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30 V RMS, 42.4 V peak, or 60 VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 V, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance-limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, ensure that the line cord is connected to a properly-grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power disconnect device must be provided in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

For safety, instruments and accessories must be used in accordance with the operating instructions. If the instruments or accessories are used in a manner not specified in the operating instructions, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with the same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard. Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as protective earth (safety ground)

connections. If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use

of a lid interlock.

If a screw is present, connect it to protective earth (safety ground) using the wire recommended in the user documentation.

The user documentation in all cases where the symbol is mark ed on the instru ment .

The contact with these voltages.

The symbol on an instrument shows that the surface may be hot. Avoid personal contact to prevent burns.

The

If this properly disposed of according to federal, state, and local laws.

The WARNING heading in the user documentation explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading in the user documentation explains h az ards that coul d dama ge the instr ume nt. Such dam age may invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans. Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables. To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits — inc lud ing t he pow er

transformer, test leads, and input jacks — must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses with applicable national safety approvals may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety-related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component (note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product). If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information.

symbol on an instrument means caution, risk of danger. The user must refer to the operating instructions located in the

symbol on an instrument means caution, risk of electr ic sho ck. Use stan dar d safety precautions to avoid personal

symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame.

symbol is on a product, it indicates that mercury is present in the display lamp. Please note that the lamp must be

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water-based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., a data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

Safety precaution revision of January 2013.

Table of Contents

Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1-1

Welcome .............................................................................................................................. 1-1

Contact information .............................................................................................................. 1-1

CD-ROM contents ................................................................................................................ 1-2

Organization of manual sections .......................................................................................... 1-2

Capabilities and features...................................................................................................... 1-3

Measurement ranges and function s .......................................................................................... 1-4

Mathematical operations ........................................................................................................... 1-4

Startup software and PC utilities ............................................................................................... 1-4

Standard accessories ................................................................................................................ 1-4

Optional accessories ................................................................................................................. 1-5

General information .............................................................................................................. 1-5

Displaying the instrument's serial number ................................................................................. 1-5

Dimensions ............................................................................................................................... 1-5

Power-on settings ..................................................................................................................... 1-6

General specifications ............................................................................................................... 1-7

General overview ...................................................................................................... 2-1

Turning your instrument on and off ...................................................................................... 2-1

Connecting line power ............................................................................................................... 2-1

Front panel overview ............................................................................................................ 2-5

(1) Display ................................................................................................................................. 2-6

(2) The Power key ..................................................................................................................... 2-7

(3) The function and operation keys .......................................................................................... 2-7

(4) RANGE and scroll keys ..................................................................................................... 2-10

(5) TC input ............................................................................................................................. 2-10

(6) Terminals and fuses .......................................................................................................... 2-10

(7) Menu overview ................................................................................................................... 2-10

Main menu .............................................................................................................................. 2-11

Rear panel overview .......................................................................................................... 2-18

(1) Voltmeter complete output terminal (VM COMP) ............................................................... 2-18

(2) External triggering input terminal (EXT TRIG) ................................................................... 2-18

(3) USB connection ................................................................................................................. 2-18

(4) Protective earth (safety ground) ......................................................................................... 2-19

(5) AC line receptacle, power line fuse, and line voltage setting ............................................. 2-19

(6) Interface port ...................................................................................................................... 2-19

Rear panel connection details ................................................................................................. 2-19

System operations ............................................................................................................. 2-20

Turning off measurement display ............................................................................................ 2-21

Turning the beeper off or on .................................................................................................... 2-22

Selecting the initial operating mode ........................................................................................ 2-23

Selecting the language ............................................................................................................ 2-23

Viewing errors in the error queue ............................................................................................ 2-24

Viewing system version ........................................................................................................... 2-24

Basic DMM operation ............................................................................................... 3-1

Basic measurement functions .............................................................................................. 3-1

Voltage measurements ............................................................................................................. 3-1

Table of Contents

Reference Manual

Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter

Ratio measurements ................................................................................................................. 3-4

Current measurements ............................................................................................................. 3-6

Resistance measurements ........................................................................................................ 3-9

Frequency and period measurements ..................................................................................... 3-12

Continuity measurements........................................................................................................ 3-15

Diode measurements .............................................................................................................. 3-15

Temperature measurement ..................................................................................................... 3-17

Capacitance measurements .................................................................................................... 3-24

Secondary measurement function ........................................................................................... 3-26

Triggering and data buffer .................................................................................................. 3-28

Front panel triggering .............................................................................................................. 3-29

Trigger model .......................................................................................................................... 3-29

Trigger settings ....................................................................................................................... 3-32

Data buffer .............................................................................................................................. 3-36

Enhancing measurement performance .............................................................................. 3-37

Autozero .................................................................................................................................. 3-38

Range selection ...................................................................................................................... 3-39

Resolution and integration tim e ............................................................................................... 3-41

Digital filter .............................................................................................................................. 3-47

Math operations ...................................................................................................................... 3-48

Theory of operation .................................................................................................. 4-1

AC voltage measurements and crest factor ......................................................................... 4-1

DMM resistance measurement methods ............................................................................. 4-3

Reference junctions ............................................................................................................. 4-4

Real (internal) reference junction .............................................................................................. 4-4

Simulated reference junction ..................................................................................................... 4-4

Accuracy calculations ........................................................................................................... 4-5

Calculating DC and AC characteristics accuracy ...................................................................... 4-5

Remote commands ................................................................................................... 5-1

Programming syntax ............................................................................................................ 5-1

Command format used in this manual ....................................................................................... 5-1

Common commands ............................................................................................................ 5-4

Common command summary ................................................................................................... 5-4

Common command reference ................................................................................................... 5-5

*CLS — clear status .................................................................................................................. 5-5

*ESE <NRf> — event enable command ................................................................................... 5-5

*ESE? — event enable query.................................................................................................... 5-5

*ESR? — event status register query ........................................................................................ 5-5

*IDN? — identification query ..................................................................................................... 5-6

*OPC — operation complete command .................................................................................... 5-6

*OPC? — operation complete query ......................................................................................... 5-6

*PSC — power-on status clear .......................................................................................... 5-7

*PSC? — power-on status clear query ...................................................................................... 5-7

*RST — reset command ........................................................................................................... 5-7

*SRE <NRf> — service request enable command .................................................................... 5-8

*SRE? — service request enable command query ................................................................... 5-8

*STB? — status byte query ....................................................................................................... 5-8

*TRG — trigger command ......................................................................................................... 5-8

Introduction to SCPI language ............................................................................................. 5-9

Topic overview .......................................................................................................................... 5-9

SCPI parameter types ............................................................................................................... 5-9

odel 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Table

of Contents

Query commands .................................................................................................................... 5-10

Program messages ................................................................................................................. 5-10

Output Data ............................................................................................................................. 5-12

SCPI signal-oriented measurement commands ................................................................ 5-13

:CONFigure:<function> [<range>|MIN|MAX|DEF,<resolution>|MIN|MAX|DEF] ...................... 5-14

:FETCh[1|2]? ........................................................................................................................... 5-16

:INITiate................................................................................................................................... 5-16

:READ[1|2]? ............................................................................................................................ 5-17

:MEASure[:<function>]? <range>|MIN|MAX|DEF,<resolution>|MIN|MAX|DEF ....................... 5-18

SCPI command subsystem reference ............................................................................... 5-19

CALCulate subsystem summary ............................................................................................. 5-20

DISPlay subsystem summary ................................................................................................. 5-21

SENSe subsystem summary ................................................................................................... 5-21

STATus subsystem summary ................................................................................................. 5-25

SYSTem subsystem summary ................................................................................................ 5-25

TRIGger subsyst em summary ................................................................................................. 5-26

CALCulate subsystem ........................................................................................................ 5-27

CALCulate:AVERage:AVERage? ........................................................................................... 5-27

CALCulate:AVERage:COUNt? ................................................................................................ 5-27

CALCulate:AVERage:MINimum? ............................................................................................ 5-27

CALCulate:AVERage:MAXimum? ........................................................................................... 5-27

CALCulate:DB:REFerence <n>|MIN|MAX .............................................................................. 5-28

CALCulate:DBM:REFerence <n>|MIN|MAX ........................................................................... 5-28

CALCulate:FUNCtion <name> ................................................................................................ 5-29

CALCulate:LIMit:LOWer <n>|MIN|MAX .................................................................................. 5-29

CALCulate:LIMit:UPPer <n>|MIN|MAX ................................................................................... 5-30

CALCulate:MXB:MBFactor <n>|MIN|MAX .............................................................................. 5-30

CALCulate:MXB:MMFactor <n>|MIN|MAX .............................................................................. 5-31

CALCulate:NULL:OFFSet <n> |MIN|MAX ................................................................................ 5-31

CALCulate:PERCent:TARGet <n>|MIN|MAX .......................................................................... 5-31

CALCulate:STATe ........................................................................................................... 5-32

DATA:FEED RDG_STORE,'CALCulat e'|'' ............................................................................... 5-32

DISPlay subsystem ............................................................................................................ 5-33

DISPlay ............................................................................................................................ 5-33

DISPla y:TEXT <a> .................................................................................................................. 5-33

DISPlay:TEXT:CLEar .............................................................................................................. 5-34

SENSe subsystem ............................................................................................................. 5-34

[SENSe:]AVERage:COUNt <n>|MIN|MAX .............................................................................. 5-34

[SENSe:]AVERage:STATe .............................................................................................. 5-35

[SENSe:]AVERage:TCON tr ol <name> ................................................................................... 5-35

[SENSe:]CAPacitance:RANGe <n>|MIN|MAX ........................................................................ 5-36

[SENSe:]CAPacitance:RANGe:AUTO ............................................................................. 5-36

[SENSe:]CURRent:AC:RANGe <range>|MIN|MAX ................................................................ 5-37

[SENSe:]CURRent:AC:RESolutio n <n>|MIN|MAX .................................................................. 5-37

[SENSe:]CURRent[:DC]:NPLCycles <n>|MIN|MAX ................................................................ 5-38

[SENSe:]CURRent[:DC]:RANGe <n>|MIN|MAX ..................................................................... 5-38

[SENSe:]CURRent[:DC]:RESolution <n>|MIN|MAX ................................................................ 5-39

[SENSe:]CURRent:AC:RANGe:AUTO ............................................................................. 5-39

[SENSe:]CURRent[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO ........................................................................... 5-40

[SENSe:]DETector:BANDwidth <n>|MIN|MAX ........................................................................ 5-40

[SENSe:]FRESistance:NPLCycles <n>|MIN|MAX .................................................................. 5-41

[SENSe:]FRESistance:RANGe <n>|MIN|MAX ........................................................................ 5-41

[SENSe:]FRESistance:RANGe:AUTO ............................................................................. 5-42

[SENSe:]FRESistance:RESolution <n>|MIN|MAX .................................................................. 5-42

[SENSe:]FREQuency:APERture <n>|MIN|MAX ...................................................................... 5-43

[SENSe:]FREQuency:CURRent:RANGe <n >|MIN|MAX ......................................................... 5-43

[SENSe:]FREQuency:VOLTage:RANGe <n>|MIN|MAX ......................................................... 5-44

[SENSe:]FREQuency:VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO .............................................................. 5-44

Table of Contents

Reference Manual

Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter

[SENSe:]FUNCtion [1|2] "<function>"...................................................................................... 5-45

[SENSe:]PERiod:APERture <n>|MIN| MAX ............................................................................. 5-46

[SENSe:]PERiod:VOLTage:RANGe <n>|MIN|MAX ................................................................ 5-46

[SENSe:]PERiod:VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO ...................................................................... 5-47

[SENSe:]RESistance:RANGe <n>|MIN|MAX .......................................................................... 5-47

[SENSe:]RESistance:RANGe:AUTO ............................................................................... 5-47

[SENSe:]RESistance:RESolution <n>|MIN|MAX .................................................................... 5-48

[SENSe:]RESistance:NPLCycles <n>|MIN|MAX ..................................................................... 5-49

[SENSe:]TCOuple:RJUNction:REAL? ..................................................................................... 5-49

[SENSe:]TCOuple:RJUNction:RSELect <name> .................................................................... 5-50

[SENSe:]TCOuple:RJUNction:SIMulated <n>|MIN|MAX ......................................................... 5-50

[SENSe:]TCOuple:TYPE <name> ........................................................................................... 5-51

[SENSe:]TEMPerature:NTCT:A <n>|MIN|MAX ....................................................................... 5-52

[SENSe:]TEMPerature:NTCT:B <n>|MIN|MAX ....................................................................... 5-52

[SENSe:]TEMPerature:NTCT:C <n>|MIN|MAX ....................................................................... 5-53

[SENSe:]TEMPerature:RTD:ALPHa <n>|MIN|MAX ................................................................ 5-53

[SENSe:]TEMPerature:RTD:BETA <n>|MIN|MAX .................................................................. 5-54

[SENSe:]TEMPerature:RTD:DELTa <n>|MIN|MAX ................................................................ 5-54

[SENSe:]TEMPerature:RTD:TYPE <name> ........................................................................... 5-55

[SENSe:]TEMPerature:RTD:RZERo <n>|MIN|MAX ................................................................ 5-55

[SENSe:]TEMPerature:SPRTD:RZERo <n>|MIN|MAX ........................................................... 5-56

[SENSe:]TEMPerature:SPRTD:A4 <n>|MIN|MAX .................................................................. 5-56

[SENSe:]TEMPerature:SPRTD:B4 <n>|MIN|MAX .................................................................. 5-57

[SENSe:]TEMPerature:SPRTD:AX <n>|MIN|MAX .................................................................. 5-57

[SENSe:]TEMPerature:SPRTD:BX <n>|MIN|MAX .................................................................. 5-58

[SENSe:]TEMPerature:SPRTD:CX <n>|MIN|MAX .................................................................. 5-58

[SENSe:]TEMPerature:SPRTD:DX <n>|MIN|MAX .................................................................. 5-59

[SENSe:]TEMPerature:TRANsducer <name>......................................................................... 5-59

[SENSe:]UNIT <name> ........................................................................................................... 5-60

[SENSe:]VOLTage:AC:RANGe <n>|MIN|MAX ....................................................................... 5-60

[SENSe:]VOLTage:AC:RANGe:AUTO ............................................................................. 5-61

[SENSe:]VOLTage:AC:RESolution <n>|MIN|MAX .................................................................. 5-61

[SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe <n>MIN|MAX ...................................................................... 5-62

[SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO ........................................................................... 5-62

[SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:NPLCycles <n>|MIN|MAX ................................................................ 5-63

[SENSe:]VOLTage[:DC]:RESolution <n>|MIN|MAX ................................................................ 5-64

[SENSe:]ZERO:AUTO <name> .............................................................................................. 5-64

SYSTem subsystem ........................................................................................................... 5-65

:BEEPer ........................................................................................................................... 5-65

:DATA:POINts? ....................................................................................................................... 5-65

SYSTem:ERRor? .................................................................................................................... 5-65

SYSTem:IDNStr <string> ........................................................................................................ 5-66

SYSTem:LOCal ....................................................................................................................... 5-66

SYSTem:REMote .................................................................................................................... 5-66

SYSTem:VERSion? ................................................................................................................ 5-66

TRIGger subsystem ........................................................................................................... 5-67

SAMPle:COUNt <n>|MIN|MAX ............................................................................................... 5-67

TRIGger:COUNt <n>|MIN|MAX|INFinite ................................................................................. 5-68

TRIGger:DELay <n>|MIN|MAX ............................................................................................... 5-68

TRIGger:DELay:AUTO ..................................................................................................... 5-69

TRIGger:SOURce <name> ..................................................................................................... 5-69

Troubleshooting guide ............................................................................................. 6-1

Troubleshooting ................................................................................................................... 6-1

Running a self-test ............................................................................................................... 6-2

Error codes ........................................................................................................................... 6-3

Model 211

of Contents

0 5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Table

Next steps ................................................................................................................. 7-1

Additional Model 2110 information ....................................................................................... 7-1

Maintenance .............................................................................................................. A-1

Line fuse replacement .......................................................................................................... A-1

Current input fuse replacement ............................................................................................ A-3

Upgrading the firmware ........................................................................................................ A-4

Status model ............................................................................................................. B-1

Overview .............................................................................................................................. B-1

Status byte and SRQ ................................................................................................................ B-1

Status register sets ................................................................................................................... B-1

Error Queue and Output Buffer ................................................................................................. B-2

Clearing registers and queues ............................................................................................. B-3

Programming enable registers ............................................................................................. B-3

Reading registers ................................................................................................................. B-3

Status byte and service request (SRQ) ............................................................................... B-4

Status Byte Register ................................................................................................................. B-4

Service request ......................................................................................................................... B-5

Status structure ......................................................................................................................... B-6

Using serial polling and SRQ .................................................................................................... B-6

Status byte and service request commands.............................................................................. B-7

Status register sets .............................................................................................................. B-8

Standard Event Register ........................................................................................................... B-8

Questionable Data Register .................................................................................................... B-10

Status reporting command summary ................................................................................. B-10

Communication interface ......................................................................................... C-1

Communication interf ac es.................................................................................................... C-1

Selecting an interface ................................................................................................................ C-1

USB communications ................................................................................................................ C-1

GPIB setup ................................................................................................................................ C-7

Supplied software .................................................................................................................... C-11

Keithley I/O layer ..................................................................................................................... C-14

Addressing instruments with VISA .......................................................................................... C-18

General information .................................................................. 1-5

Welcome

Thank you for using a Keithley Instruments product. The Model 2110 Digit Multimeter (DMM) features 12 measurement functions and 7 math functions, and has dual-line display capability, which allows it to display two different measurements concurrently.

Section 1

Introduction

In this section:

Welcome .................................................................................. 1-1

Contact information .................................................................. 1-1

CD-ROM contents .................................................................... 1-2

Organization of manual sections .............................................. 1-2

Capabilities and features .......................................................... 1-3

The Model 2110 provides superior measurement accuracy and speed necessary for a broad range of applications, ranging from production testing to bench-top applications. The Model 2110 meets application requirements for production engineers, research and development engineers, test engineers, scientists, students and anyone else making measurements in either system applications or on the bench.

Contact information

If you have any questions after reviewing this information, please use the following sources:

1. Keithley Instruments website

2. Keithley web forum (http://forum.keithley.com).

3. Call Keithley Instruments corporate headquarters (toll-free inside the U.S. and Canada only) at 1-888-KEITHLEY (1-888-534-8453), or from outside the U.S. at +1-440-248-0400. For worldwide contact numbers, visit the Keithley Instruments website

(http://www.keithley.com).

Section

Reference Manual

1: Introduction Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter

CD-ROM contents

A CD-ROM is shipped with each Model 2110 order. The Model 2110 Product Information CD-ROM contains:

• Reference Manual: Includes a description of connections, operation information, programming

information, and maintenance information. Users looking for basic operating information, programmers looking for a command reference, and users looking for an in-depth description of the way the instrument works (including troubleshooting and optimization) should refer to the Reference Manual.

• Calibration Manual: Includes procedures to verify that the Model 2110 accuracy is within the

limits stated in the instrument’s one-year accuracy specifications.

• Drivers and release notes: IVI Instrument Driver, driver for National Instruments LabVIEW™,

and related release notes.

• Keithley I/O layer and release notes.

• Start-up Software and PC Utilities: Includes KI-Tool and KI-Link application and Microsoft

Excel Add-In utility.

• Additional product information: The product specifications are also included on the CD-ROM.

For the latest drivers and additional support information, see the Keithley Instruments website (http://www.keithley.com).

Organization of manual sections

The information in this manual is organized into the following major categories:

• General overview: Describes the components of the instrument and basic operation.

• Basic DMM operation: Introduces some basic measurement functions of the instrument. You will

learn how to use your instrument to measure voltage, current, resistance, frequency, period, continuity, diodes, capacitance, and temperature. You will learn about triggering and data buffering. You will also learn about enhancing measurement performance.

• Theory of operation: Describes basic DMM measurement techniques and concepts.

• Remote commands: Describes the IEEE Std 488.2 common commands. Provides an

alphabetical listing of all commands available for the Model 2110. Provides information about using remote commands to control the instrument.

• Troubleshooting guide: Describes self-test procedure and error codes.

• Maintenance: Information on instrument maintenance, including line fuse replacement and

firmware upgrades.

• Status model: Description of the Model 2110 status model.

Bookmarks for each section of this manual are provided in the PDF version of the documentation. The manual sections are also listed in the Table of Contents located at the beginning of this manual.

For more information about bookmarks, see Adobe

Acrobat® or Reader® help.

1-2 2110-901-01 Rev. C/August 2013

Model 2110

Introduction

5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 1:

Capabilities and features

The Keithley Instruments Model 2110 is a rugged and versatile 5½-digit resolution digital multimeter with a dual-line liquid-crystal display (LCD), built-in USB interface, and optional G PIB inter f ac e.

The Model 2110 has 0.0012% one-year basic DC voltage accuracy and 0.020% one-year basic resistance accuracy up to the 1 MΩ range. At 5½ digits, the Model 2110 delivers over 200 readings per second via the USB remote interface. At the fast 4½ digit setting, readings can be stored internally at a rate of 50,000 per second. This is ideal for production applications and monitoring applications, where speed is critical.

Figure 1: Keithley Model 2110 5 ½ Digit Multimeter

2110-901-01 Rev. C/August 2013 1-3

Section

Reference Manual

1: Introduction Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter

Measurement ranges and functions

The Model 2110 provides a wide number of measurement ranges and functions including:

• DC voltage: 0.1 V, 1 V, 10 V, 100 V, and 1000 V

• AC voltage: 0.1 V, 1 V, 10 V, 100 V, and 750 V

• DC current: 10 mA, 100 mA, 1 A, 3 A, and 10 A

• AC current: 1 A, 3 A, and 10 A

• Two and 4-wire resistance: 100 Ω, 1 kΩ, 10 kΩ, 100 kΩ, 1 MΩ, 10 MΩ, and 100 MΩ

• Frequency: 3 Hz to 300 kHz

• Capacitance measurement: 1 nF, 10 nF, 100 nF, 1 μF, 10 μF, 100 μF, 1 mF, 10 mF

• Temperature measurement using RTDs, thermistors, and thermocouples (direct measurement

using built-in cold junction compensation to improve accuracy); supports J-, R-, S-, T-, E-, N-, B-, C-, and K-type thermoc oupl es

• Period measurement

• Diode measurement

• Continuity measurement

• Programmable A-D converter and filter settings for signal-to-noise optimization

Mathematical operat ions

The Model 2110 allows you to perform the following seven mathematical operations on measurement readings: Percentage, Average (Min/Max, Count), NULL, Limits, mX+b, dB, and dBm.

Startup software and PC utilities

The following start-up software and PC utilities are included:

• KI-Tool and KI-Link software allow you to quickly control the instrument over GPIB (if equipped)

or USB, record measurements, and display time-series plots of the data. KI-Link is an add in for Microsoft

• LabVIEW

instrument.

Word and Microsoft Excel.

and IVI drivers allow more advanced customers even more control over the

Standard accessories

The following standard accessories are supplied with the Model 2110.

• Safety test leads

• USB cable

• Power cable

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Model 2110

Introduction

4299-3

Single Rack Mount Kit

4299-4

Dual Rack Mount Kit

4299-7

Dual Fixed Rack Mount Kit

8605

High Performance Modular Test Leads

8606

High Performance Modular Probe Kit

5805

Kelvin Probes, 0.9 m (3 ft)

5805-12

Kelvin Probes, 3.6 m (12 ft)

5808

Low Cost, Single Pin, Kelvin Probes

5809

Low Cost, Kelvin Clip Lead Set

8680

RTD Probe Adapter

8681

Low Cost RTD

7007-1

Shielded GPIB Cable, 1 m (3.3 ft)

7007-2

Shielded GPIB Cable, 2 m (6.6 ft)

6517-TP

Thermocouple Bead Probe (K-Type)

5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 1:

Optional accessories

The following optional accessories are available for the Model 2110.

Keithley part number Optional accessory

General information

Displaying the instrument 's serial number

To display the serial number on the front panel:

1. If the Model 2110 is in remote operation, press the SHIFT (LOCAL) key once to place the instrument in local operation.

2. Press the SHIFT key.

3. Press the CONFIG (MENU) key. The display shows MENU.

4. Use the right and left RANGE keys to display SYSTEM.

5. Press the ENTER key.

6. Use the right and left RANGE keys to display SERIAL.

7. Press the ENTER key. The display shows the serial number on the second row.

Dimensions

The following figure shows dimensions for the Model 2110. The figure includes designators to indicate:

1. Dimensions without the handle and the front and rear bumpers.

2. Dimensions with the handle and the front and rear bumpers.

3. Dimensions with the front and rear bumpers, but without the handle.

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Function displayed after the instrument is turned on

DC voltage

Auto zero

Frequency and period source

AC voltage

Output format

ASCII

Ratio

OFF

AC voltage

Frequency

20 Hz

AC digits

5.5

Range

10 V

DC voltage

DC digits

5.5 (1 PLC)

Range

1 V

AC current

Frequency

20 Hz

AC digits

5.5 Range

1 A

DC current

DC digits

5.5 (1 PLC)

Range

1 A

Frequency and period

Digits

5.5

Range

10 V

Gate time

0.1 s

Capacitance

Digits

4.5

1: Introduction Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter

Figure 2: Dimensions

Power-on settings

See the following table for information about the Model 2110 factory default settings. These settings are also restored when the instrument is turned on and when the instrument receives a *RST command from a remote interface.

Function Default

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Range

10 nF

Model 2110

Introduction

Diode test

Digits

5.5 Range

1 mA

Rate

0.2 PLC

Resistance

Digits

5.5 (1 PLC)

Range

1 kΩ

Temperature

Digits

4.5 (1 PLC)

Thermocouple

K type

Triggers

Source

Immediate

Delay

Auto

Input resistance

10 MΩ

UL listed to UL 61010-1: 2004

Pollution degree

EMC

Conforms to European Union EMC Directive

5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 1:

Function Default

General specifications

Item Limitation and description

Input bias current <30 pA at 25 °C Input protection 1000 V all ranges (2W input)

AC CMRR

70 dB (for 1 kΩ unbalanced LO lead) Power supply 100 V, 120 V, 220 V (230 V), 240 V ±10% Power line frequency 50/60 Hz auto detected ±10% Power consumption 25 VA maximum

Digital I/O interface USB-compatible type B connection, GPIB (optional) Environment For indoor use only

Operating temperature 0 °C to 40 °C Operating humidity Maximum relative humidity 80% for temperature up to 31 °C Storage temperature -40 °C to 70 °C Operating altitude Up to 2000 m above sea level

Bench dimensions

107 mm high × 252.8 mm wide × 305 mm deep (3.49 in. × 9.95 in. ×

12.00 in.)

(with handles and bumpers) Weight 2.23 kg (4.92 lb) Safety Conforms to European Union Low Voltage Directive

Warranty One year

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System operations ................................................................. 2-20

In this section:

Turning your instrument on and off .......................................... 2-1

Front panel overview ................................................................ 2-5

Rear panel overview .............................................................. 2-18

Turning your instrument on and off

Section 2

General overview

Connecting line power

Follow the procedure below to connect the Model 2110 to line power and to turn on the instrument. The Model 2110 operates from a line voltage of 100 V to 240 V at a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Line voltage is set on the rear panel. Make sure the operating voltage in your area is compatible.

Make sure the instrument is positioned so that it is easy to reach any disconnecting devices, such as

The following topics describe how to power your instrument on and off and configure the line voltage.

the power cord and the power switch.

Operating the instrument on an incorrect line voltage may cause damage to the instrument, possibly voiding the warranty.

Remove voltage from the front panel input terminals before switching the equipment off. Failure to do so could result in the equipment being damaged.

To turn a Model 2110 on and off:

1. Before plugging in the power cord, make sure that the front-panel POWER switch is in the OFF

position.

2. Connect the Model 2110 protective earth (safety ground) located on the rear panel (see

Rear

panel overview (on page 2-18)).

3. Connect the female end of the supplied power cord to the AC receptacle on the rear panel.

4. Connect the male end of the power cord to a grounded AC outlet.

Section

Reference Manual

2: General overview Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter

The power cord supplied with the Model 2110 contains a separate protective earth (safety ground) wire for use with grounded outlets. When proper connections are made, the instrument chassis is connected to power-line ground through the ground wire in the power cord. In addition, a redundant protective earth connection is provided through a screw on the rear panel. This terminal should be connected to a known protective earth. In the event of a failure, not using a properly grounded protective earth and grounded outlet may result in personal injury or death due to electric shock.

Do not replace detachable MAINS supply cords with inadequately rated cords. Failure to use properly rated cords may result in personal injury or death due to electric shock.

5. To turn your instrument on, press the front-panel POWER switch to place it in the ON position.

6. To turn your instrument off, press the front-panel POWER switch to place it in the OFF position.

Voltage selection

Before changing the voltage setting, ensure that the instrument is disconnected from the AC power.

To set the line voltage:

1. Verify that the instrument is disconnected from AC power, as shown in the following figure.

Figure 3: Disconnect AC power

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Model 2110

General overview

5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 2:

2. Press the latch to unlatch the voltage setting selector container, as shown in the following figure

(a flat blade screwdriver may be required).

Figure 4: Unlatching voltage selector

3. Remove the voltage setting selector container, as shown in the following figure.

Figure 5: Remove voltage selector

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2: General overview Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter

4. Open the clips on the sides and remove the voltage setting selector from the container, as shown

in the following figure.

Figure 6: Open clips

5. Turn the voltage setting to the correct setting.

The instrument has four possible voltage settings: 100 V, 120 V, 220 V, and 240 V. It can be set to any of these working voltages.

Figure 7: Turn voltage selector

6. Insert the voltage setting selector back into the socket and close the cap.

Fuse replacement

A fuse is located in the voltage selector assembly. This fuse protects the power line input of the instrument. If the line fuse needs to be replaced, refer to Line fuse replacement (on page A-1

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Model 2110

General overview

5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 2:

Power-up sequence

Self-test procedures are built into the Model 2110 for checking that the logic and measurement hardware are functioning properly. Every time the instrument power is turned on, a set of test procedures is performed to make sure the basic functions of the instrument work properly. If any error occurs during self-test procedures, it indicates that parts of the instrument are not operating properly and need to be serviced.

Refer to Error codes (on page 6-3

Erroneous self-test failures may occur if the power line voltage is set incorrectly. Errors may also occur because of signals present on the input terminal during self-test procedures. Long test leads can act as an antenna, causing pick-up of AC signals.

Front panel overview

This topic describes the keys, connections, and fuse device on the front panel. The following figure shows the front panel. A brief description of the front-panel features follows the figure.

) for information about self-test error codes.

Figure 8: Front panel

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2: General overview Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter

(1) Display

The instrument display has a primary and a secondary display area. There are additional indicators at the upper side (top) and right side of the display to show the state or the condition of an ongoing measurement. They are explained individually in the following sections. The following figure shows the display with all indicators lit and all character segments lit.

Figure 9: Display

Primary display

The primary display shows readings and units. The primary display can show a maximum of 11 characters.

Secondary display

The secondary display shows the range of the measurements; condition, secondary readings and units; or information about an ongoing configuration. The secondary display can show a maximum of 16 characters.

Indicators

When you are using the instrument, the lit indicators show active functions. For example, in the following figure, the MAN indicator shows that the manual range is selected and the 2nd indicator shows that the second function is in use.

Figure 10: Display typical

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Model 2110

General overview

ADR

Instrument is controlled via the GPIB Interface.

RMT

Remote interface operation via the USB Interface.

MAN

Manual range mode is selected.

TRIG

External triggering is enabled.

The instrument has received a trigger.

HOLD

Reading hold function is enabled.

MEM

Internal memory is in use.

MATH

MATH operation is enabled.

FILT

The digital filter is enabled.

SHIFT

The SHIFT key was just pressed.

ERR

An error occurred.

RAT

RATIO operation is taken.

Diode testing operation was initiated.

4-wire mode is selected for resistance measurement.

Continuity testing is enabled. OFF

Front-panel display is turned off.

2nd

Second function is in use.

5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 2:

The following table describes the meaning of each lit indicator.

Indicator Indicates

(2) The Power key

Power switch. The in position turns the instrument ON; the out position turns it OFF.

Figure 11: Power switch

(3) The function and operati on k eys

The front panel has keys that allow you to select various functions and operations. Function

The function keys are white. Pressing a function key causes the instrument to perform a specific function. For example, pressing the DCV function key selects the DC voltage function.

Operation The operation keys are gray. Pressing an operation key causes the instrument to perform a specific operation. For example, after selecting DC voltage function, press Config to enter the configuration menu for the DC voltage function.

Shift key The SHIFT key is blue. All keys have a shifted function or operation printed in blue above the key. The SHIFT key allows you to perform the shifted function or operation.

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2: General overview Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter

Shifted keys To perform a shifted function or operation, press SHIFT and then press the key with the label for the function you want to perform printed above it. The procedures in this manual that require you to use a shifted key sequence list the key name followed by the shifted key name in parentheses. For example, to measure AC current, press SHIFT and then press the ACV (ACI) key.

See the following figure for the location of the keys.

Figure 12: Function and opera tion keys

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Model 2110

General overview

DCV

Selects DC voltage measurement.

ACV

Selects AC voltage measurement.

Ω2

Selects 2-wire resistance mea sure ment.

FREQ

Selects frequency measurement.

CONT

Selects the continuity test.

TEMP

Selects RTD temperature measurement.

ENTER

Accepts selection, moving to next choice or back to measurement display.

DCI

Selects DC current measurement.

ACI

Selects AC current measurement.

Ω4

Selects 4-wire resistance measure ment .

Selects capacitance measurement.

Selects diode test.

TCOUPL

Selects thermocouple temperature measurement.

2ND

Sets secondary measurement.

TRIGGER generate manual triggers.

STORE

Stores a specified number of subsequent readings.

DIGITS

Changes display resolution. Note that changing the display resolution also changes

0.02 PLC. If digits are set to 5½, the integration time is set to 1 PLC.

NULL leads.

SHIFT

Used to access shifted-functions printed in blue over each key.

CONFIG

measurement functions (on page 3-1) for configuration details.

ESC

Cancels selection, moving back to measure me nt disp lay .

AUTO/HOLD

Enables or disables the reading hold function.

RECALL

Displays stored readings.

FILTER

Enables or disables averaging digital filter.

MATH

Enables or disables mathematical operations/tests, including PERCENT, AVERAGE, NULL, LIMITS, mX+b, dB, and dBm.

LOCAL

Switches the instrument to the local mode from the USB or GPIB remote mode.

Offers system-wide settings, trigger setting s, and inter f ac e configurations. Refer to (7)

Menu overview (on page 2-10) for information about menus.

AUTO

Enables or disables autorange.

5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 2:

The following table describes the functions and shifted functions associated with each key. The shifted functions are shown with a shaded background.

Key Function

Sets the external trigger mode. When the TRIG indicator is lit, you can trigger the instrument by pulsing the EXT TRIG input or by pushing the TRIGGER button to

the integration time. If you change the digits to 4½, the integration time is set to

Activates the null function in order to offset the measurement error due to the test

Configures the settings of selected measurement function. Refer to the topics in Basic

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Reference Manual

◄ and ►

Use ► and ◄ keys to scroll through options.

Use ▲ and ▼ keys to change a digit when setting parameters and entering values.

2: General overview Model 2110 5½ Digit Multimeter

(4) RANGE and scroll keys

Keys Description

▲ and ▼ Use ▲ and ▼ keys to change the range while measuring.

If there are editable characters left or right of the one selected, arrow shaped indicators will display on the second line to indicate the presence and location of the additional characters.

(5) TC input

The TC INPUT terminals provide thermocouple temperature measurement. The terminals come with built-in cold junction compensation, so no extra thermocouple adapter is needed.

To prevent electrical shock that could cause injury or death, never apply voltages to the LO INPUT terminal while a thermocouple is connected.

(6) Terminals and fuses

The instrument has the following connections on the front panel: HI and LO INPUT terminals

Use for all measurements except current and TC. The maximum input voltage is 1000 V for voltage measurements; 200 V for 4-wire measurement.

Voltages applied to the LO INPUT terminal will cause erroneous thermocouple measurements. HI and LO SENSE terminals

Use to make 4-wire resistance measurement and DC voltage ratio measurement. 3A and 10A current Input terminals

Use for all DC and AC current measurements.

(7) Menu overview

The menus and submenus provide a way for you to configure system-wide settings, trigger settings, and remote interface configurations.

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Model 2110

General overview

DCV

Press the DCV key.

CONFIG

Press the CONFIG key to display configuration options.

NPLC

the number of power line cycles (NPLC).

RANGE

selection (on page 3-39) for details.

RATIO

Select RATIO. Refer to Ratio measurements (on page 3-4) for details.

5½ Digit Multimeter Reference Manual Section 2:

Menu navigation

Selecting menus

To select menus and submenus, use the keys as follows:

• To navigate to the Main menu, press SHIFT, and then press CONFIG (MENU).

• Press the ► ◄ keys to display submenus.

• Press ENTER to choose a submenu.

• If there are additional submenus, press the ► ◄ keys to display the submenu you want, and then

press ENTER to select it.

• If you need to change digits in a value, press the ▲ ▼ keys to change each digit. Refer to the

next topic (Setting a numeric value (on page 2-11

)) for more information about values.

• At any time, press ESC to cancel changes.

• When you are finished, press ESC to back out of the menu structure.

Setting a numeric value

Some configuration options require numeric values, or if the configuration options have default values, the values may need to be changed. To change the values, you adjust the value one digit at a time.

To adjust the digits use the ▲ ▼ keys, as follows:

1. Use the ► ◄ keys to display the value that you want to edit.

2. Press the ENTER key to enter edit mode.

3. Use the ► ◄ keys to select the digit to edit.

4. Use the ▲ ▼ keys to set the appropriate value.

5. Press the ENTER key to select the value or press the ESC key to cancel the change.

Main menu

You can configure instrument operation through the front panel by pressing keys to display menus. Refer to the following table for information about:

• Keys that you press to display menus. These keys are in a BOLD font. If the configuration option

relates to the key's shifted function, the key's shifted function is listed in parenthesis after the key name.

• Menus are indented and listed under the key that you press to display them.

• Some menus have submenus. Submenus are indented under the menus.

Keys, menus, and selection Description

Use ► and ◄ keys to select resolution adjustment. Refer to

Resolution and integration time (on page 3-41) for information about

Use ► and ◄ keys to display additional selections. Refer to Range

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