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JUNOSe™ Software
for E Series™ Routing Platforms
BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide
Release 11.1.x
Juniper Networks, Inc.
1194 North Mathilda Avenue
Sunnyvale, California 94089
USA
408-745-2000
www.juniper.net
Published: 2010-03-30
Juniper Networks, the Juniper Networks logo, JUNOS, NetScreen, ScreenOS, and Steel-Belted Radius are registered trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. in the United States and other countries. JUNOSe is a trademark of Juniper Networks, Inc. All other trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, or registered service marks are the property of their respective owners.
Juniper Networks assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies in this document. Juniper Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication without notice.
Products made or sold by Juniper Networks or components thereof might be covered by one or more of the following patents that are owned by or licensed to Juniper Networks: U.S. Patent Nos. 5,473,599, 5,905,725, 5,909,440, 6,192,051, 6,333,650, 6,359,479, 6,406,312, 6,429,706, 6,459,579, 6,493,347, 6,538,518, 6,538,899, 6,552,918, 6,567,902, 6,578,186, and 6,590,785.
JUNOSe™ Software for E Series™ Routing Platforms BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide
Release 11.1.x
Copyright © 2010, Juniper Networks, Inc.
All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
Writing: Subash Babu Asokan, Bruce Gillham, Brian Wesley Simmons, Fran Singer, Megha Shaseendran, Krupa Chandrashekar, Namrata Mehta, Pallavi Madhusudhan, Chander Aima, Poornima Goswami, Hema Priya J, Sairam Venugopalan
Editing: Benjamin Mann
Illustration: Brian Wesley Simmons, Nathaniel Woodward Cover Design: Edmonds Design
Revision History
April 2010—FRS JUNOSe 11.1.x
The information in this document is current as of the date listed in the revision history.
YEAR 2000 NOTICE
Juniper Networks hardware and software products are Year 2000 compliant. The JUNOS Software has no known time-related limitations through the year 2038. However, the NTP application is known to have some difficulty in the year 2036.
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agreements relating to the Software, whether oral or written (including any inconsistent terms contained in a purchase order), except that the terms of a separate written agreement executed by an authorized Juniper representative and Customer shall govern to the extent such terms are inconsistent or conflict with terms contained herein. No modification to this Agreement nor any waiver of any rights hereunder shall be effective unless expressly assented to in writing by the party to be charged. If any portion of this Agreement is held invalid, the Parties agree that such invalidity shall not affect the validity of the remainder of this Agreement. This Agreement and associated documentation has been written in the English language, and the Parties agree that the English version will govern. (For Canada: Les parties aux présentés confirment leur volonté que cette convention de même que tous les documents y compris tout avis qui s'y rattaché, soient redigés en langue anglaise. (Translation: The parties confirm that this Agreement and all related documentation is and will be in the English language)).
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Abbreviated Table of Contents
|
About the Documentation |
xxxiii |
Part 1 |
Border Gateway Protocol |
|
Chapter 1 |
Configuring BGP Routing |
3 |
Part 2 |
Multiprotocol Layer Switching |
|
Chapter 2 |
MPLS Overview |
201 |
Chapter 3 |
Configuring MPLS |
267 |
Chapter 4 |
Monitoring MPLS |
315 |
Chapter 5 |
Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications |
379 |
Part 3 |
Layer 2 Services Over MPLS |
|
Chapter 6 |
Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview |
509 |
Chapter 7 |
Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS |
529 |
Chapter 8 |
Monitoring Layer 2 Services over MPLS |
563 |
Part 4 |
Virtual Private LAN Service |
|
Chapter 9 |
VPLS Overview |
575 |
Chapter 10 |
Configuring VPLS |
589 |
Chapter 11 |
Monitoring VPLS |
613 |
Part 5 |
Virtual Private Wire Service |
|
Chapter 12 |
VPWS Overview |
645 |
Chapter 13 |
Configuring VPWS |
657 |
Chapter 14 |
Monitoring VPWS |
671 |
Part 6 |
Index |
|
|
Index |
691 |
Abbreviated Table of Contents |
■ |
vii |
JUNOSe 11.1.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide
viii ■
Table of Contents |
|
|
|
About the Documentation |
xxxiii |
|
E Series and JUNOSe Documentation and Release Notes .......................... |
xxxiii |
|
Audience .................................................................................................. |
xxxiii |
|
E Series and JUNOSe Text and Syntax Conventions .................................. |
xxxiii |
|
Obtaining Documentation ......................................................................... |
xxxv |
|
Documentation Feedback .......................................................................... |
xxxv |
|
Requesting Technical Support .................................................................... |
xxxv |
|
Self-Help Online Tools and Resources ................................................ |
xxxvi |
|
Opening a Case with JTAC .................................................................. |
xxxvi |
Part 1 |
Border Gateway Protocol |
|
Chapter 1 |
Configuring BGP Routing |
3 |
|
Overview ......................................................................................................... |
3 |
|
Conventions in This Chapter ..................................................................... |
3 |
|
Autonomous Systems ............................................................................... |
4 |
|
BGP Speaker ............................................................................................. |
5 |
|
BGP Peers and Neighbors ......................................................................... |
5 |
|
BGP Session .............................................................................................. |
5 |
|
IBGP and EBGP ......................................................................................... |
6 |
|
Interior Gateway Protocols ........................................................................ |
6 |
|
BGP Messages ........................................................................................... |
7 |
|
BGP Route ................................................................................................. |
8 |
|
Routing Information Base ......................................................................... |
8 |
|
Prefixes and CIDR ..................................................................................... |
9 |
|
Path Attributes ........................................................................................ |
10 |
|
Transit and Nontransit Service ................................................................ |
11 |
|
IPv6 BGP Support ................................................................................... |
12 |
|
Exchange of IPv6 Routing Information over TCP IPv4 ...................... |
12 |
|
Exchange of IPv6 Routing Information over TCP IPv6 ...................... |
13 |
|
Link-Local Next Hops in MP-BGP Packets ......................................... |
13 |
|
Platform Considerations ................................................................................ |
14 |
|
References .................................................................................................... |
14 |
|
Features ........................................................................................................ |
16 |
|
Before You Configure BGP ............................................................................. |
17 |
|
Configuration Tasks ....................................................................................... |
17 |
Table of Contents |
■ |
ix |
JUNOSe 11.1.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide
Basic Configuration ....................................................................................... |
17 |
Enabling BGP Routing ............................................................................. |
17 |
Understanding BGP Command Scope ..................................................... |
18 |
Inheritance of Configuration Values ........................................................ |
20 |
Limitations on Inheritance ................................................................ |
24 |
Setting the BGP Identifier ........................................................................ |
24 |
Configuring Neighbors ............................................................................ |
25 |
Configuring BGP Peer Groups ........................................................................ |
26 |
Setting the Peer Type .............................................................................. |
28 |
Assigning a Description .......................................................................... |
28 |
Logging Neighbor State Changes ............................................................. |
29 |
Specifying a Source Address for a BGP Session ....................................... |
30 |
Specifying Peers That Are Not Directly Connected .................................. |
31 |
Specifying a Single-Hop Connection for IBGP Peers ................................ |
33 |
Controlling the Number of Prefixes ......................................................... |
33 |
Removing Private AS Numbers from Updates ......................................... |
34 |
Checking AS Path Length ........................................................................ |
35 |
Enabling MD5 Authentication on a TCP Connection ............................... |
36 |
Setting the Maximum Size of Update Messages ...................................... |
37 |
Setting Automatic Fallover ...................................................................... |
38 |
Setting Timers ......................................................................................... |
38 |
Automatic Summarization of Routes ....................................................... |
39 |
Administrative Shutdown ........................................................................ |
39 |
Configuring BGP for Overload Conditions ............................................... |
40 |
Enabling Route Storage in Adj-RIBs-Out Tables ....................................... |
41 |
Effects of Changing Outbound Policies ............................................. |
42 |
Configuring the Address Family .............................................................. |
43 |
Enabling Lenient Behavior ...................................................................... |
46 |
Configuring Promiscuous Peers and Dynamic Peering ............................ |
47 |
Configuring Passive Peers ....................................................................... |
49 |
Advertising Routes ........................................................................................ |
50 |
Prefixes Originating in an AS .................................................................. |
50 |
Advertising Best Routes .......................................................................... |
52 |
Redistributing Routes into BGP ............................................................... |
53 |
Redistributing Routes from BGP .............................................................. |
54 |
Configuring a Default Route .................................................................... |
55 |
Advertising Default Routes ............................................................... |
55 |
Redistributing Default Routes ........................................................... |
56 |
Setting a Static Default Route ........................................................... |
57 |
Setting the Minimum Interval Between Routing Updates ........................ |
58 |
Aggregating Routes ................................................................................. |
59 |
Advertising Inactive Routes ..................................................................... |
62 |
Verifying an AS Path ............................................................................... |
62 |
Advertising IPv4 Routes Between IPv6 BGP Peers ................................... |
63 |
Advertising Routes Conditionally ............................................................ |
63 |
Advertising a Route Only When Another Route is Present ................ |
66 |
Advertising a Route Only When Another Route is Absent ................. |
67 |
Advertising a Default Route Only When Another Route Is |
|
Present ...................................................................................... |
69 |
x■ Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Configuring BGP Routing Policy ..................................................................... |
70 |
Types of BGP Route Maps ....................................................................... |
71 |
Applying Table Maps ............................................................................... |
81 |
Access Lists ............................................................................................. |
83 |
Filtering Prefixes .............................................................................. |
83 |
Filtering AS Paths with a Filter List ................................................... |
87 |
Filtering AS Paths with a Route Map ................................................. |
90 |
Configuring the Community Attribute ..................................................... |
92 |
Community Lists ..................................................................................... |
95 |
Resetting a BGP Connection .................................................................... |
98 |
Changing Policies Without Disruption ..................................................... |
99 |
Soft Reconfiguration ......................................................................... |
99 |
Route-Refresh Capability ................................................................ |
100 |
Cooperative Route Filtering ............................................................ |
100 |
Configuring Route Flap Dampening ...................................................... |
102 |
Global Route Flap Dampening ........................................................ |
102 |
Policy-Based Route Flap Dampening .............................................. |
104 |
Policy Testing ....................................................................................... |
105 |
Selecting the Best Path ................................................................................ |
106 |
BGP Path Decision Algorithm ................................................................ |
107 |
Configuring Next-Hop Processing ......................................................... |
107 |
Next Hops ...................................................................................... |
108 |
Next-Hop-Self ................................................................................. |
110 |
Assigning a Weight to a Route .............................................................. |
112 |
Using the neighbor weight Command ............................................ |
112 |
Using a Route Map ......................................................................... |
113 |
Using an AS-Path Access List .......................................................... |
113 |
Configuring the Local-Pref Attribute ...................................................... |
115 |
Using the bgp default local-preference Command .......................... |
116 |
Using a Route Map to Set the Local Preference ............................... |
117 |
Understanding the Origin Attribute ....................................................... |
117 |
Understanding the AS-Path Attribute .................................................... |
120 |
Configuring a Local AS .......................................................................... |
121 |
Configuring the MED Attribute .............................................................. |
122 |
Missing MED Values ....................................................................... |
125 |
Comparing MED Values Within a Confederation ............................ |
125 |
Capability Negotiation ........................................................................... |
126 |
Cooperative Route Filtering ............................................................ |
127 |
Dynamic Capability Negotiation ..................................................... |
127 |
Four-Octet AS Numbers .................................................................. |
128 |
Graceful Restarts ............................................................................ |
128 |
Route Refresh ................................................................................. |
132 |
Interactions Between BGP and IGPs ............................................................ |
133 |
Synchronizing BGP with IGPs ................................................................ |
133 |
Disabling Synchronization .............................................................. |
134 |
Setting the Administrative Distance for a Route .................................... |
136 |
Configuring Backdoor Routes ................................................................ |
139 |
Setting the Maximum Number of Equal-Cost Multipaths ....................... |
140 |
Detecting Peer Reachability with BFD ......................................................... |
141 |
BFD and BGP Graceful Restart .............................................................. |
143 |
Table of Contents |
■ |
xi |
JUNOSe 11.1.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide
|
Managing a Large-Scale AS .......................................................................... |
143 |
|
Configuring a Confederation ................................................................. |
144 |
|
Configuring Route Reflectors ................................................................ |
148 |
|
Route Reflection and Redundancy .................................................. |
149 |
|
Route Reflection and Looping ......................................................... |
150 |
|
Configuring BGP Multicasting ...................................................................... |
153 |
|
Monitoring BGP Multicast Services ........................................................ |
156 |
|
Using BGP Routes for Other Protocols ......................................................... |
156 |
|
Configuring BGP/MPLS VPNs ....................................................................... |
157 |
|
Testing BGP Policies .................................................................................... |
157 |
|
Monitoring BGP ........................................................................................... |
158 |
Part 2 |
Multiprotocol Layer Switching |
|
Chapter 2 |
MPLS Overview |
201 |
|
MPLS Overview ........................................................................................... |
202 |
|
Conventions for MPLS Topics ...................................................................... |
202 |
|
MPLS Terms and Acronyms ........................................................................ |
203 |
|
MPLS Features ............................................................................................. |
206 |
|
MPLS Platform Considerations .................................................................... |
207 |
|
MPLS References ......................................................................................... |
207 |
|
MPLS Label Switching and Packet Forwarding ............................................ |
209 |
|
MPLS LSRs ............................................................................................ |
210 |
|
MPLS Label Switching: Push, Look Up, and Pop .................................... |
210 |
|
MPLS Label Stacking ............................................................................. |
212 |
|
MPLS Labels and Label Spaces .............................................................. |
212 |
|
TTL Processing in the Platform Label Space .......................................... |
213 |
|
TTL Processing on Incoming MPLS Packets .................................... |
214 |
|
TTL Processing on Outgoing MPLS Packets .................................... |
215 |
|
MPLS Rules for TTL Expiration ....................................................... |
217 |
|
MPLS Label Distribution Methodology ......................................................... |
218 |
|
Mapping IP Data Packets onto MPLS LSPs ................................................... |
220 |
|
Statistics for IP Packets Moving On or Off MPLS LSPs ................................. |
222 |
|
MPLS Forwarding and Next-Hop Tables ...................................................... |
224 |
|
Spoof Checking MPLS Packets ..................................................................... |
225 |
|
IP and IPv6 Tunnel Routing Tables and MPLS Tunnels ................................ |
225 |
|
Explicit Routing for MPLS ............................................................................ |
226 |
|
MPLS Interfaces and Interface Stacking ....................................................... |
227 |
|
MPLS Major Interfaces .......................................................................... |
227 |
|
MPLS Minor Interfaces .......................................................................... |
228 |
|
MPLS Shim Interfaces ........................................................................... |
228 |
|
Interface Stacking ................................................................................. |
228 |
|
MPLS Label Distribution Protocols ............................................................... |
229 |
|
LDP Messages and Sessions .................................................................. |
230 |
|
RSVP-TE Messages and Sessions ........................................................... |
231 |
|
RSVP-TE State Refresh and Reliability ................................................... |
232 |
|
BGP Signaling ....................................................................................... |
232 |
xii |
■ |
Table of Contents |
Table of Contents
ECMP Labels for MPLS ................................................................................ |
233 |
MPLS Connectivity and ECMP ............................................................... |
233 |
Supported TLVs ..................................................................................... |
234 |
MPLS Connectivity Verification and Troubleshooting Methods .................... |
235 |
Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Connectivity Verification at Egress Nodes |
|
Overview .............................................................................................. |
237 |
Ping Extensions for Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Connectivity Verification at |
|
Egress Nodes ........................................................................................ |
237 |
RSVP P2MP IPv4 Session Sub-TLV Overview ........................................ |
238 |
P2MP Responder Identifier TLV Overview ............................................ |
238 |
Echo Jitter TLV Overview ...................................................................... |
238 |
Traceroute Overview ............................................................................ |
239 |
TLVs and Sub-TLVs Supported for Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Connectivity |
|
Verification at Egress Nodes ................................................................. |
239 |
Echo Jitter TLV Operations .................................................................... |
239 |
P2MP Responder Identifier TLV Operations .......................................... |
240 |
Egress Address P2MP Responder Identifier Sub-TLVs ..................... |
241 |
Node Address P2MP Responder Identifier Sub-TLVs ....................... |
241 |
LDP Discovery Mechanisms ........................................................................ |
242 |
LDP Basic Discovery Mechanism .......................................................... |
242 |
LDP Extended Discovery Mechanism .................................................... |
242 |
MPLS Traffic Engineering ............................................................................ |
243 |
LSP Backup ........................................................................................... |
243 |
Path Option .......................................................................................... |
244 |
Reoptimization ..................................................................................... |
244 |
Methods for Configuring RSVP-TE Tunnels ........................................... |
244 |
Tracking Resources for MPLS Traffic Engineering ................................. |
244 |
Starting Admission Control ............................................................. |
245 |
Admission Control Interface Table ................................................. |
245 |
Configuring Traffic-Engineering Resources ..................................... |
245 |
LSP Preemption .................................................................................... |
246 |
Topology-Driven LSPs ................................................................................. |
246 |
LDP over RSVP-TE ................................................................................ |
246 |
LDP Graceful Restart ................................................................................... |
247 |
LDP-IGP Synchronization ............................................................................ |
249 |
Synchronization Behavior During Graceful Restart ................................ |
250 |
Synchronization Behavior on LAN Interfaces ........................................ |
251 |
Synchronization Behavior on IGP Passive Interfaces ............................. |
251 |
Synchronization and TE Metrics ............................................................ |
251 |
Determining Peer Reachability with RSVP-TE Hello Messages ..................... |
251 |
Hello Message Objects .......................................................................... |
252 |
Hello Message Instances ....................................................................... |
252 |
Sequence of Hello Message Exchange ................................................... |
252 |
Determination That a Peer Has Reset ................................................... |
253 |
Behavior of the Requesting Peer ..................................................... |
253 |
Behavior of the Acknowledging Peer .............................................. |
253 |
Behavior of Both Peers ................................................................... |
253 |
RSVP-TE Graceful Restart ............................................................................ |
254 |
Announcement of the Graceful Restart Capability ................................. |
254 |
Restarting Behavior ............................................................................... |
254 |
Recovery Behavior ................................................................................ |
255 |
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|
Preservation of an Established LSP Label .............................................. |
256 |
|
RSVP-TE Hellos Based on Node IDs ............................................................. |
256 |
|
BFD Protocol and RSVP-TE .......................................................................... |
257 |
|
Tunneling Model for Differentiated Services Overview ................................ |
258 |
|
Pipe and Short Pipe Models .................................................................. |
258 |
|
Uniform Model ...................................................................................... |
259 |
|
EXP Bits for Differentiated Services Overview ............................................. |
259 |
|
Incoming Traffic ................................................................................... |
259 |
|
Outgoing Traffic .................................................................................... |
259 |
|
Setting the EXP Bits for Outgoing Traffic ............................................... |
260 |
|
Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Overview .............................................................. |
262 |
|
Using E Series Routers as Egress LSRs .................................................. |
263 |
|
Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Configuration ........................................................ |
265 |
|
Configuring an E Series Router as an Egress Router .............................. |
265 |
Chapter 3 |
Configuring MPLS |
267 |
|
Basic MPLS Configuration Tasks .................................................................. |
268 |
|
MPLS Global Configuration Tasks ................................................................ |
269 |
|
MPLS Global Tasks ................................................................................ |
269 |
|
LDP Global Tasks .................................................................................. |
270 |
|
RSVP-TE Global Tasks ........................................................................... |
272 |
|
LDP and RSVP-TE Interface Profile Configuration Tasks .............................. |
273 |
|
LDP Interface Profile Configuration Tasks and Commands ................... |
273 |
|
RSVP-TE Interface Profile Configuration Tasks and Commands ............ |
273 |
|
MPLS Interface Configuration Tasks ............................................................ |
274 |
|
MPLS Interface Tasks ............................................................................ |
274 |
|
LDP Interface Tasks .............................................................................. |
275 |
|
RSVP-TE Interface Tasks ....................................................................... |
275 |
|
MPLS Tunnel Configuration Tasks ............................................................... |
276 |
|
MPLS Tunnel Profile Configuration Tasks .................................................... |
277 |
|
Configuring Explicit Routing for MPLS ......................................................... |
279 |
|
Defining Configured Explicit Paths ........................................................ |
280 |
|
Specifying Configured Explicit Paths on a Tunnel ................................. |
280 |
|
Configuring Dynamic Explicit Paths on a Tunnel .................................. |
281 |
|
Additional LDP Configuration Tasks ............................................................ |
281 |
|
Configuring LDP FEC Deaggregation ........................................................... |
281 |
|
Configuring LDP Graceful Restart ................................................................ |
282 |
|
Configuring LDP Autoconfiguration ............................................................. |
283 |
|
Configuring LDP-IGP Synchronization ......................................................... |
284 |
|
Configuring LDP MD5 Authentication .......................................................... |
285 |
|
Controlling LDP Label Distribution .............................................................. |
286 |
|
Additional RSVP-TE Configuration Tasks ..................................................... |
286 |
|
Configuring RSVP MD5 Authentication ........................................................ |
287 |
|
Configuring RSVP-TE Fast Rerouting with RSVP-TE Bypass Tunnels ............ |
288 |
|
Configuration Example ......................................................................... |
290 |
|
Fast Reroute over SONET/SDH .............................................................. |
290 |
|
Configuring RSVP-TE Hello Messages to Determine Peer Reachability ......... |
291 |
|
Configuring RSVP-TE Graceful Restart ......................................................... |
292 |
|
Configuring RSVP-TE Hellos Based on Node IDs .......................................... |
293 |
xiv ■ Table of Contents
Table of Contents
|
Configuring the BFD Protocol for RSVP-TE .................................................. |
294 |
|
Configuring IGPs and MPLS ......................................................................... |
295 |
|
Configuring IGPs and MPLS .................................................................. |
296 |
|
Configuring the IGPs for Traffic Engineering ................................... |
297 |
|
Configuring MPLS and Differentiated Services ............................................. |
299 |
|
Configuring the Tunneling Model for Differentiated Services ....................... |
299 |
|
Configuring EXP Bits for Differentiated Services .......................................... |
300 |
|
Example Differentiated Services Application and Configuration .................. |
300 |
|
Differentiated Services Configuration Example ..................................... |
301 |
|
Classifying Traffic for Differentiated Services .............................................. |
303 |
|
Configuring Static EXP-to-PHB Mapping ................................................ |
305 |
|
Signaled Mapping for RSVP-TE Tunnels ................................................ |
305 |
|
Preference of per-VR Versus per-LSP Behavior ...................................... |
308 |
|
Example Traffic Class Configuration for Differentiated Services .................. |
308 |
|
Configuration on the Ingress Router ..................................................... |
310 |
|
Configuration on the Ingress and Transit Routers ................................. |
311 |
|
Configuration on the Transit and Egress Routers .................................. |
312 |
Chapter 4 |
Monitoring MPLS |
315 |
|
Setting the Baseline for MPLS Statistics ....................................................... |
316 |
|
Setting a Baseline for MPLS Major Interface Statistics ........................... |
316 |
|
Enabling and Setting a Baseline for MPLS Forwarding Table |
|
|
Statistics ......................................................................................... |
317 |
|
Enabling and Setting a Baseline for MPLS Next-Hop Table Statistics ..... |
318 |
|
Setting a Baseline for MPLS Tunnel Statistics ........................................ |
318 |
|
Enabling Statistics Collection for Policies Attached to MPLS Tunnels ..... |
318 |
|
Clearing and Re-Creating Dynamic Interfaces from MPLS Major |
|
|
Interfaces .............................................................................................. |
319 |
|
Clearing and Refreshing IPv4 Dynamic Routes in the Tunnel Routing |
|
|
Table ..................................................................................................... |
319 |
|
Clearing and Refreshing IPv6 Dynamic Routes in the Tunnel Routing |
|
|
Table ..................................................................................................... |
319 |
|
Tracing Paths Through the MPLS User Plane ............................................... |
320 |
|
Monitoring ATM VCs and VPI/VCI Ranges Used for MPLS ............................ |
320 |
|
Monitoring Global Call Admission Control Configuration ............................. |
322 |
|
Monitoring Interfaces Configured with Traffic Engineering Bandwidth |
|
|
Accounting ............................................................................................ |
322 |
|
Monitoring Virtual Router Configuration ...................................................... |
323 |
|
Monitoring IP and IPv6 Tunnel Routing Tables ............................................ |
323 |
|
Monitoring LDP ........................................................................................... |
325 |
|
Monitoring MPLS Label Bindings ................................................................. |
327 |
|
Monitoring LDP Graceful Restart ................................................................. |
328 |
|
Monitoring Interfaces That are Synchronizing with LDP .............................. |
329 |
|
Monitoring LDP Interfaces ........................................................................... |
330 |
|
Monitoring LDP Neighbors .......................................................................... |
332 |
|
Monitoring LDP Profiles .............................................................................. |
334 |
|
Monitoring LDP Statistics ............................................................................ |
335 |
|
Monitoring LDP Targeted Hello Receive and Send Lists ............................... |
337 |
|
Monitoring MPLS Status and Configuration ................................................. |
338 |
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JUNOSe 11.1.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide
Monitoring MPLS Explicit Paths ................................................................... |
341 |
Monitoring the RSVP-TE Bypass Tunnels ..................................................... |
341 |
Monitoring MPLS Labels Used for Forwarding ............................................. |
342 |
Monitoring MPLS Interfaces ........................................................................ |
343 |
Monitoring MPLS Minor Interfaces .............................................................. |
349 |
Monitoring MPLS Next Hops ....................................................................... |
351 |
Monitoring the Configured Mapping between PHB IDs and Traffic Class/Color |
|
Combinations ....................................................................................... |
352 |
Monitoring RSVP-TE Profiles and MPLS Tunnel Profiles ............................... |
353 |
Monitoring RSVP Path State Control Blocks, Reservation State Control Blocks, |
|
or Sessions ............................................................................................ |
354 |
Monitoring RSVP MD5 Authentication ......................................................... |
358 |
Monitoring RSVP-TE Interfaces Where BFD is Enabled ................................ |
359 |
Monitoring RSVP-TE Interface Counters ...................................................... |
360 |
Monitoring RSVP-TE Graceful Restart .......................................................... |
362 |
Monitoring RSVP-TE Hello Adjacency Instances .......................................... |
363 |
Monitoring Status and Configuration for MPLS Tunnels ............................... |
365 |
Verifying and Troubleshooting MPLS Connectivity ...................................... |
367 |
Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an IP or IPv6 Address .......... |
368 |
Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an IP or IPv6 |
|
Address .......................................................................................... |
368 |
Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a Martini Circuit .................. |
368 |
Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a Martini |
|
Circuit ............................................................................................ |
368 |
Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an L3VPN IP or IPv6 |
|
Prefix ............................................................................................. |
368 |
Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an L3VPN IP or |
|
IPv6 Prefix ..................................................................................... |
369 |
Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an RSVP-TE Tunnel ............. |
369 |
Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an RSVP-TE |
|
Tunnel ............................................................................................ |
369 |
Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a VPLS Instance ................... |
369 |
Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a VPLS |
|
Instance ......................................................................................... |
369 |
Packet Flow Examples for Verifying MPLS Connectivity .............................. |
369 |
Packet Flow Examples for MPLS LSPs to an IP Prefix ............................ |
370 |
Packet Flow Example for the ping mpls Command ........................ |
370 |
Packet Flow Example for the trace mpls Command ....................... |
372 |
Packet Flows for ping and trace to L3VPN IPv4 Prefixes ....................... |
373 |
Inter-AS Topology ........................................................................... |
375 |
Packet Flows to L3VPN IPv6 Prefixes .................................................... |
376 |
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in Point-to-Point LSPs ................................ |
376 |
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated |
|
with an IP or IPv6 Address ............................................................. |
377 |
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated |
|
with an L3VPN IP or IPv6 Prefix ..................................................... |
377 |
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated |
|
with a Martini Circuit ...................................................................... |
377 |
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated |
|
with an RSVP-TE Tunnel ................................................................. |
377 |
xvi ■ Table of Contents
Table of Contents
|
Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated |
|
|
with a VPLS Instance ...................................................................... |
378 |
Chapter 5 |
Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications |
379 |
|
Overview ..................................................................................................... |
379 |
|
Address Families ................................................................................... |
380 |
|
Equal-Cost Multipath Support ................................................................ |
381 |
|
BGP/MPLS VPN Components ................................................................ |
382 |
|
VPN-IPv4 Addresses .............................................................................. |
385 |
|
Route Targets ........................................................................................ |
385 |
|
Distribution of Routes and Labels with BGP .......................................... |
386 |
|
Platform Considerations .............................................................................. |
389 |
|
References .................................................................................................. |
389 |
|
Transporting Packets Across an IP Backbone with MPLS ............................. |
390 |
|
Configuring IPv6 VPNs ................................................................................ |
394 |
|
Intra-AS IPv6 VPNs ...................................................................................... |
395 |
|
BGP Control Plane Behavior .................................................................. |
396 |
|
CE–PE Behavior .................................................................................... |
396 |
|
PE–PE Behavior .................................................................................... |
397 |
|
MPLS Data Plane Behavior .................................................................... |
397 |
|
Providing IPv4 VPN Services Across Multiple Autonomous Systems ............ |
397 |
|
Inter-AS Option A .................................................................................. |
398 |
|
Inter-AS Option B .................................................................................. |
398 |
|
Inter-AS Option C .................................................................................. |
402 |
|
Inter-AS Option C with Route Reflectors ............................................... |
404 |
|
Providing IPv6 VPN Services Across Multiple Autonomous Systems ............ |
405 |
|
Using Route Targets to Configure VPN Topologies ....................................... |
406 |
|
Full-Mesh VPNs ..................................................................................... |
406 |
|
Hub-and-Spoke VPNs ............................................................................ |
407 |
|
Overlapping VPNs ................................................................................. |
408 |
|
Constraining Route Distribution with Route-Target Filtering ........................ |
410 |
|
Exchanging Route-Target Membership Information .............................. |
411 |
|
Receiving and Sending RT-MEM-NLRI Routing Updates ........................ |
412 |
|
Conditions for Advertising RT-MEM-NLRI Routes .................................. |
414 |
|
Advertising a Default Route .................................................................. |
414 |
|
Route Selection When Route-Target Filtering Is Enabled ....................... |
416 |
|
Configuring Route-Target Filtering ........................................................ |
417 |
|
Multicast Services over VPNs ....................................................................... |
418 |
|
Configuring BGP VPN Services .................................................................... |
418 |
|
VRF Configuration Tasks ....................................................................... |
418 |
|
PE Router Configuration Tasks .............................................................. |
420 |
|
Creating a VRF ...................................................................................... |
421 |
|
Specifying a Route Distinguisher ........................................................... |
422 |
|
Defining Route Targets for VRFs ........................................................... |
422 |
|
Setting Import and Export Maps for a VRF ............................................ |
426 |
|
Characteristics of Import and Global Import Maps .......................... |
427 |
|
Characteristics of Export and Global Export Maps .......................... |
428 |
|
Subsequent Distribution of Routes ................................................. |
429 |
|
Creating a Map ............................................................................... |
429 |
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Export Maps ................................................................................... |
429 |
Global Export Maps ........................................................................ |
430 |
Import Maps ................................................................................... |
430 |
Global Import Maps ........................................................................ |
431 |
Global Export of IPv6 VPN Routes into the Global BGP IPv6 RIB ........... |
432 |
Assigning an Interface to a VRF ............................................................ |
432 |
Defining Secondary Routing Table Lookup ........................................... |
434 |
Adding Static Routes to a VRF ............................................................... |
435 |
Configuring IGPs on the VRF ................................................................. |
436 |
Configuring the IGP in the VRF Context .......................................... |
436 |
Configuring the IGP Outside the VRF Context ................................. |
437 |
Disabling Automatic Route-Target Filtering ........................................... |
438 |
Creating Labels per FEC ........................................................................ |
438 |
Configuring PE-to-PE LSPs .................................................................... |
440 |
Enabling BGP Routing ........................................................................... |
440 |
Enabling BGP ECMP for BGP/MPLS VPNs .............................................. |
440 |
Enabling VPN Address Exchange .......................................................... |
443 |
Configuring PE-to-CE BGP Sessions ....................................................... |
444 |
Advertising Static Routes to Customers ................................................. |
445 |
Advertising IGP Routes to Customers .................................................... |
445 |
Disabling the Default Address Family ................................................... |
446 |
Using a Single AS Number for All CE Sites ............................................ |
447 |
Preventing Routing Loops ..................................................................... |
448 |
Advertising Prefixes with Duplicate AS Numbers .................................. |
451 |
Controlling Route Importation .............................................................. |
452 |
Deleting Routes for a VRF ..................................................................... |
453 |
Enabling VRF–to–VR Peering ................................................................ |
454 |
Achieving Fast Reconvergence in VPN Networks .................................. |
455 |
Fast Reconvergence with Unique RDs ............................................ |
456 |
Fast Reconvergence by Means of Reachability Checking ................ |
457 |
Configuring BGP to Send Labeled and Unlabeled Unicast Routes .......... |
458 |
BGP Next-Hop-Self ................................................................................ |
459 |
BGP Processing of Received Routes ...................................................... |
460 |
Labeled Unicast Routes .................................................................. |
460 |
Unlabeled Unicast Routes ............................................................... |
460 |
Resolving IPv6 Indirect Next Hops ................................................. |
460 |
Labeled VPN Routes ....................................................................... |
460 |
BGP Advertising Rules for Labeled and Unlabeled Routes with the Same |
|
AFI ................................................................................................. |
461 |
Providing Internet Access to and from VPNs ............................................... |
461 |
Enabling Traffic Flow from the VPN to the Internet .............................. |
462 |
Problems ........................................................................................ |
462 |
Solutions ........................................................................................ |
462 |
Configuring a Default Route to a Shared Interface .......................... |
462 |
Configuring a Fallback Global Option ............................................. |
463 |
Configuring a Global Import Map for Specific Routes ...................... |
464 |
Creating a BGP Session Between the CE Router and the Parent VR ....... |
465 |
Enabling Traffic Flow from the Internet to the VPN .............................. |
467 |
Static Routes to a Shared IP Interface ............................................. |
467 |
Global Export Map .......................................................................... |
468 |
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■ |
Table of Contents |
Table of Contents
|
Carrier-of-Carriers IPv4 VPNs ...................................................................... |
469 |
|
Customer Carrier as an Internet Service Provider ................................. |
470 |
|
Configuration Steps ........................................................................ |
471 |
|
Customer Carrier as a VPN Service Provider ......................................... |
472 |
|
Configuration Steps ........................................................................ |
473 |
|
Enabling Carrier-of-Carriers Support on a VRF ...................................... |
474 |
|
Carrier-of-Carriers Using BGP as the Label Distribution Protocol ........... |
475 |
|
Carrier-of-Carriers IPv6 VPNs ...................................................................... |
475 |
|
Connecting IPv6 Islands Across IPv4 Clouds with BGP ................................ |
476 |
|
Connecting IPv6 Islands Across Multiple IPv4 Domains ........................ |
477 |
|
Configuring IPv6 Tunneling over IPv4 MPLS ......................................... |
478 |
|
OSPF and BGP/MPLS VPNs .......................................................................... |
479 |
|
Distributing OSPF Routes from CE Router to PE Router ........................ |
480 |
|
Distributing Routes Between PE Routers ............................................... |
480 |
|
Preserving OSPF Routing Information Across the MPLS/VPN |
|
|
Backbone ....................................................................................... |
480 |
|
OSPF Domain Identifier Attribute ................................................... |
480 |
|
OSPF Route Type Attribute ............................................................. |
481 |
|
Distributing OSPF Routes from PE Router to CE Router ........................ |
481 |
|
Preventing Routing Loops ..................................................................... |
482 |
|
Using Remote Neighbors to Configure OSPF Sham Links ...................... |
482 |
|
OSPF Backdoor Links ..................................................................... |
483 |
|
OSPF Sham Links ........................................................................... |
483 |
|
Configuration Tasks .............................................................................. |
485 |
|
Configuring VPLS ........................................................................................ |
487 |
|
Configuring L2VPNs .................................................................................... |
487 |
|
Monitoring BGP/MPLS VPNs ........................................................................ |
487 |
Part 3 |
Layer 2 Services Over MPLS |
|
Chapter 6 |
Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview |
509 |
|
Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview ......................................................... |
509 |
|
Layer 2 Services over MPLS Platform Considerations .................................. |
510 |
|
Module Requirements ........................................................................... |
510 |
|
Interface Specifiers ............................................................................... |
511 |
|
Layer 2 Services over MPLS References ...................................................... |
511 |
|
Layer 2 Services over MPLS Implementation ............................................... |
512 |
|
Local Cross-Connects Between Layer 2 Interfaces Using MPLS .................... |
513 |
|
MPLS Shim Interfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS ................................ |
513 |
|
Multiple Layer 2 Services over MPLS ........................................................... |
515 |
|
ATM Layer 2 Services over MPLS ................................................................ |
515 |
|
AAL5 Encapsulation .............................................................................. |
516 |
|
OAM Cells ............................................................................................. |
516 |
|
QoS Classification ........................................................................... |
517 |
|
Limitations ..................................................................................... |
517 |
|
Control Word Support .................................................................... |
517 |
Table of Contents ■ xix
JUNOSe 11.1.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide
|
VCC Cell Relay Encapsulation ............................................................... |
518 |
|
AAL0 Raw Cell Mode ...................................................................... |
518 |
|
Cell Concatenation Parameters ....................................................... |
518 |
|
Cell Concatenation and Latency ..................................................... |
518 |
|
Control Word Support .................................................................... |
519 |
|
Unsupported Features .................................................................... |
519 |
|
HDLC Layer 2 Services over MPLS ............................................................... |
519 |
|
Interface Stacking ................................................................................. |
520 |
|
Encapsulation ....................................................................................... |
520 |
|
Control Word Support ........................................................................... |
520 |
|
Local Cross-Connects ............................................................................ |
520 |
|
CE-Side MPLS L2VPNs over LAG Overview .................................................. |
521 |
|
Ethernet Raw Mode Encapsulation for Martini Layer 2 Transport |
|
|
Overview .............................................................................................. |
522 |
|
S-VLAN Subinterface with an Untagged C-VLAN ID Overview ...................... |
524 |
|
Multiple ATM Virtual Circuits over a Single Pseudowire Overview ............... |
524 |
|
Guidelines for Configuring VPI/VCI Ranges of ATM Virtual Circuits ....... |
527 |
|
Guidelines for Configuring Cell Concatenation and Cell Packing Timer |
|
|
for an ATM Port .............................................................................. |
528 |
|
Performance Impact and Scalability Considerations ............................. |
528 |
Chapter 7 |
Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS |
529 |
|
Before You Configure Layer 2 Services over MPLS ...................................... |
529 |
|
Configuring Frame Relay Layer 2 Services .................................................. |
530 |
|
Configuring Interoperation with Legacy Frame Relay Layer 2 Services ........ |
530 |
|
Configuring Ethernet/VLAN Layer 2 Services ............................................... |
531 |
|
Configuring S-VLAN Tunnels for Layer 2 Services ........................................ |
532 |
|
Configuring Local Cross-Connects Between Ethernet/VLAN Interfaces ......... |
533 |
|
Configuring Local ATM Cross-Connects with AAL5 Encapsulation ............... |
534 |
|
Configuring an MPLS Pseudowire with VCC Cell Relay Encapsulation ......... |
536 |
|
Configuring HDLC Layer 2 Services ............................................................. |
538 |
|
Configuring Local Cross-Connects for HDLC Layer 2 Services ............... |
539 |
|
Configuring CE-Side Load Balancing for Martini Layer 2 Transport .............. |
540 |
|
Configuring Many Shim Interfaces with the Same Peer, VC Type, and |
|
|
VC ID .............................................................................................. |
540 |
|
Configuring Load-Balancing Groups ...................................................... |
542 |
|
MPLS Interfaces and Labels ............................................................ |
543 |
|
Configuring Load-Balancing Groups ................................................ |
543 |
|
Adding a Member Interface to a Group Circuit ............................... |
543 |
|
Removing Member Subinterfaces from a Circuit ............................ |
543 |
|
Frame Relay over MPLS Configuration Example .......................................... |
544 |
|
MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over VLAN over LAG Configuration Example .............. |
547 |
|
Configuration on CE1 (Local CE Router) ................................................ |
548 |
|
Configuration on PE1 (Local PE Router) ................................................ |
548 |
|
Configuration on PE2 (Remote PE Router) ............................................ |
549 |
|
Configuration on CE2 (Remote CE Router) ............................................ |
550 |
|
MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG Configuration Example ................................ |
551 |
|
Configuration on CE1 (Local CE Router) ................................................ |
552 |
|
Configuration on PE1 (Local PE Router) ................................................ |
552 |
xx ■ Table of Contents
Table of Contents
|
Configuration on PE2 (Remote PE Router) ............................................ |
553 |
|
Configuration on CE2 (Remote CE Router) ............................................ |
554 |
|
Ethernet Raw Mode Encapsulation for Martini Layer 2 Transport |
|
|
Examples .............................................................................................. |
554 |
|
S-VLAN Subinterface with an Untagged C-VLAN ID Examples ..................... |
557 |
|
Multiple ATM Virtual Circuits over a Single Pseudowire Example ................ |
560 |
Chapter 8 |
Monitoring Layer 2 Services over MPLS |
563 |
|
Setting Baselines for Layer 2 Services over MPLS Statistics ......................... |
563 |
|
Monitoring ATM Martini Cell Packing Timers for Layer 2 Services over |
|
|
MPLS .................................................................................................... |
564 |
|
Monitoring ATM Subinterfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS ................... |
564 |
|
Monitoring ATM Cross-Connects for Layer 2 Services over MPLS ................ |
566 |
|
Monitoring MPLS Forwarding for Layer 2 Services over MPLS ..................... |
567 |
|
Monitoring MPLS Layer 2 Interfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS ........... |
568 |
Part 4 |
Virtual Private LAN Service |
|
Chapter 9 |
VPLS Overview |
575 |
|
VPLS Overview ............................................................................................ |
575 |
|
VPLS Components ....................................................................................... |
576 |
|
VPLS Domains ...................................................................................... |
576 |
|
Customer Edge Devices ........................................................................ |
577 |
|
VPLS Edge Devices ............................................................................... |
577 |
|
VPLS and Transparent Bridging ................................................................... |
577 |
|
BGP Signaling for VPLS ................................................................................ |
579 |
|
LDP Signaling for VPLS ................................................................................ |
579 |
|
Targeted Sessions ................................................................................. |
579 |
|
PWid FEC Element TLV ......................................................................... |
580 |
|
BGP Multihoming for VPLS .......................................................................... |
580 |
|
Selecting the Designated VE Device for a Multihomed Site ................... |
582 |
|
Multihoming Reaction to Failures in the Network ................................. |
584 |
|
VPLS Supported Features ............................................................................ |
585 |
|
VPLS Platform Considerations ..................................................................... |
585 |
|
Module Requirements ........................................................................... |
585 |
|
Interface Specifiers ............................................................................... |
586 |
|
VPLS References ......................................................................................... |
586 |
Chapter 10 |
Configuring VPLS |
589 |
|
Before You Configure VPLS ......................................................................... |
589 |
|
Configuration Tasks for VPLS with BGP Signaling ........................................ |
590 |
|
Configuring VPLS Instances with BGP Signaling .......................................... |
590 |
|
Configuring BGP Multihoming for VPLS ....................................................... |
593 |
|
Configuring Optional Attributes for VPLS Instances ..................................... |
593 |
Table of Contents ■ xxi
JUNOSe 11.1.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide
|
Configuring VPLS Network Interfaces .......................................................... |
594 |
|
Configuring Subscriber Policies for VPLS Network Interfaces ...................... |
595 |
|
Network Interface Types ....................................................................... |
596 |
|
Default Subscriber Policies .................................................................... |
596 |
|
Modifying Subscriber Policies ............................................................... |
597 |
|
Considerations for VPLS Network Interfaces ......................................... |
597 |
|
Configuring the Loopback Interface and Router ID for VPLS ........................ |
598 |
|
Configuring MPLS LSPs for VPLS ................................................................. |
599 |
|
Configuring BGP Signaling for VPLS ............................................................ |
600 |
|
VPLS Configuration Example with BGP Signaling ........................................ |
601 |
|
Topology Overview of VPLS with BGP Signaling ................................... |
602 |
|
Configuration on PE 1 (Local PE Router) ............................................... |
603 |
|
Configuration on PE 2 (Remote PE Router) ........................................... |
604 |
|
Configuration Tasks for VPLS with LDP Signaling ........................................ |
605 |
|
Configuring VPLS Instances with LDP Signaling ........................................... |
606 |
|
Configuring LDP Signaling for VPLS ............................................................. |
607 |
|
Configuring Routing in the Core Network for VPLS ...................................... |
608 |
|
VPLS Configuration Example with LDP Signaling ........................................ |
608 |
|
Topology Overview of VPLS with LDP Signaling .................................... |
609 |
|
Configuration on PE 1 (Local PE Router) ............................................... |
609 |
|
Configuration on PE 2 (Remote PE Router) ........................................... |
610 |
Chapter 11 |
Monitoring VPLS |
613 |
|
Setting a Baseline for VPLS Statistics ........................................................... |
614 |
|
Setting a Baseline for a VPLS Instance .................................................. |
614 |
|
Setting a Baseline for a Network Interface Associated with a VPLS |
|
|
Instance ......................................................................................... |
614 |
|
Setting a Baseline for the VPLS Virtual Core Interface Associated with a |
|
|
VPLS Instance ................................................................................. |
614 |
|
Clearing Dynamic MAC Addresses from the VPLS Forwarding Table ........... |
615 |
|
Clearing All Dynamic MAC Addresses from the VPLS Forwarding |
|
|
Table .............................................................................................. |
615 |
|
Clearing a Specific Dynamic MAC Address from the VPLS Forwarding |
|
|
Table .............................................................................................. |
615 |
|
Clearing All Dynamic MAC Addresses for a Network Interface Associated |
|
|
with a VPLS Instance from the VPLS Forwarding Table .................. |
615 |
|
Clearing All Dynamic MAC Addresses for the VPLS Virtual Core Interface |
|
|
Associated with A VPLS Instance .................................................... |
616 |
|
Clearing BGP Attributes for VPLS ................................................................. |
616 |
|
Clearing BGP Reachability Information for the L2VPN Address |
|
|
Family ............................................................................................ |
616 |
|
Clearing BGP Route Flap Dampening Information for the L2VPN Address |
|
|
Family ............................................................................................ |
616 |
|
Clearing BGP Route Flap Dampening Information for the VPWS Address |
|
|
Family ............................................................................................ |
617 |
|
Clearing the Wait for the End-of-RIB Marker for the L2VPN Address |
|
|
Family ............................................................................................ |
617 |
|
Monitoring Bridging-Related Settings for VPLS ............................................ |
617 |
xxii |
■ |
Table of Contents |
Table of Contents
|
Monitoring VPLS Configuration and Statistics for a Specific VPLS |
|
|
Instance ................................................................................................ |
618 |
|
Monitoring VPLS Configuration and Statistics for all VPLS Instances ........... |
620 |
|
Monitoring Configuration, Statistics, and Status for VPLS Network |
|
|
Interfaces .............................................................................................. |
622 |
|
Monitoring Configuration, Statistics, and Status for VPLS Core Interfaces .... |
625 |
|
Monitoring Configuration, Statistics, and Status for VPLS Ports ................... |
627 |
|
Monitoring MAC Address Entries for a Specific VPLS Instance ..................... |
629 |
|
Monitoring Subscriber Policy Rules ............................................................. |
630 |
|
Monitoring BGP-Related Settings for VPLS ................................................... |
631 |
|
Monitoring Layer 2 NLRI for VPLS Instances ............................................... |
632 |
|
Monitoring BGP Next Hops for VPLS ........................................................... |
635 |
|
Monitoring LDP-Related Settings for VPLS ................................................... |
636 |
|
Monitoring MPLS-Related Settings for VPLS ................................................. |
637 |
|
Monitoring VPLS-Specific Settings ............................................................... |
638 |
Part 5 |
Virtual Private Wire Service |
|
Chapter 12 |
VPWS Overview |
645 |
|
VPWS Overview .......................................................................................... |
645 |
|
BGP Signaling for L2VPNs ........................................................................... |
647 |
|
VPWS Components ..................................................................................... |
648 |
|
VPWS Instances .................................................................................... |
648 |
|
Customer Edge Devices ........................................................................ |
649 |
|
VPWS Provider Edge Devices ................................................................ |
649 |
|
VPWS and BGP/MPLS VPNs ......................................................................... |
649 |
|
BGP Multihoming for VPWS ........................................................................ |
650 |
|
Selecting the Designated VE Device for a Multihomed Site ................... |
652 |
|
Multihoming Reaction to Failures in the Network ................................. |
654 |
|
VPWS Supported Features ........................................................................... |
655 |
|
VPWS Platform Considerations ................................................................... |
655 |
|
Module Requirements ........................................................................... |
655 |
|
Interface Specifiers ............................................................................... |
656 |
|
VPWS References ........................................................................................ |
656 |
Chapter 13 |
Configuring VPWS |
657 |
|
Before You Configure VPWS ........................................................................ |
657 |
|
VPWS Configuration Tasks .......................................................................... |
658 |
|
Configuring a VPWS Instance ...................................................................... |
659 |
|
Configuring BGP Multihoming for VPWS ..................................................... |
661 |
|
Configuring Customer-Facing Interfaces in the VPWS Instance ................... |
661 |
|
Configuring a Local Cross-Connect for VPWS .............................................. |
662 |
|
Configuring the Loopback Interface and Router ID for BGP for VPWS ......... |
663 |
|
Configuring BGP Signaling for VPWS ........................................................... |
664 |
|
Configuring MPLS LSPs for VPWS ................................................................ |
665 |
Table of Contents |
■ |
xxiii |
JUNOSe 11.1.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide
|
VPWS Configuration Example ..................................................................... |
666 |
|
Topology Overview ............................................................................... |
667 |
|
Configuration on PE 1 (Local PE Router) ............................................... |
667 |
|
Configuration on PE 2 (Remote PE Router) ........................................... |
668 |
Chapter 14 |
Monitoring VPWS |
671 |
|
Clearing BGP Attributes for VPWS ............................................................... |
671 |
|
Clearing BGP Reachability Information for the L2VPN Address |
|
|
Family ............................................................................................ |
672 |
|
Clearing BGP Route Flap Dampening Information for the L2VPN Address |
|
|
Family ............................................................................................ |
672 |
|
Clearing the Wait for the End-of-RIB Marker for the L2VPN Address |
|
|
Family ............................................................................................ |
672 |
|
Monitoring BGP-Related Settings for VPWS L2VPNs .................................... |
673 |
|
Monitoring BGP Next Hops for VPWS L2VPNs ............................................. |
677 |
|
Monitoring VPWS Connections .................................................................... |
679 |
|
Monitoring VPWS Instances ........................................................................ |
681 |
|
Monitoring L2VPN Interfaces for VPWS ....................................................... |
684 |
|
Monitoring MPLS Forwarding Table for VPWS ............................................. |
686 |
Part 6 |
Index |
|
|
Index ........................................................................................................... |
691 |
xxiv ■ Table of Contents
List of Figures |
|
|
Part 1 |
Border Gateway Protocol |
|
Chapter 1 |
Configuring BGP Routing |
3 |
|
Figure 1: BGP Peers ......................................................................................... |
5 |
|
Figure 2: Internal and External BGP ................................................................ |
6 |
|
Figure 3: Interior Gateway Protocols ............................................................... |
7 |
|
Figure 4: Routing Without CIDR .................................................................... |
10 |
|
Figure 5: Routing with CIDR .......................................................................... |
10 |
|
Figure 6: Transit Service ................................................................................ |
12 |
|
Figure 7: Nontransit Service .......................................................................... |
12 |
|
Figure 8: IPv6 Routing over TCP IPv4 ............................................................ |
13 |
|
Figure 9: IPv6 Routing over TCP IPv6 ............................................................ |
13 |
|
Figure 10: Configuring Neighbors .................................................................. |
25 |
|
Figure 11: BGP Peer Groups .......................................................................... |
27 |
|
Figure 12: Using EBGP-Multihop .................................................................... |
32 |
|
Figure 13: Prefixes Originating in an AS ........................................................ |
51 |
|
Figure 14: Redistributing Routes into BGP ..................................................... |
53 |
|
Figure 15: Advertising a Default Route .......................................................... |
56 |
|
Figure 16: Setting a Static Default Route ....................................................... |
58 |
|
Figure 17: Configuring Aggregate Addresses ................................................. |
59 |
|
Figure 18: Advertising a Route When Another Route is Present .................... |
66 |
|
Figure 19: Advertising a Route When Another Route is Absent ..................... |
68 |
|
Figure 20: Advertising a Default Route When Another Route is Present ........ |
70 |
|
Figure 21: Filtering with Access Lists ............................................................. |
84 |
|
Figure 22: Filtering Routes with an Access List .............................................. |
84 |
|
Figure 23: Filtering with AS-Path Access Lists ................................................ |
88 |
|
Figure 24: Assigning a Filter List .................................................................... |
89 |
|
Figure 25: Route Map Filtering ...................................................................... |
91 |
|
Figure 26: Communities ................................................................................ |
93 |
|
Figure 27: Community Lists .......................................................................... |
96 |
|
Figure 28: Configuring Next-Hop Processing ............................................... |
108 |
|
Figure 29: Next-Hop Behavior for Broadcast Multiaccess Media .................. |
110 |
|
Figure 30: Next-Hop Behavior for Nonbroadcast Multiaccess Media ............ |
110 |
|
Figure 31: Assigning a Weight to a Neighbor Connection ............................ |
112 |
|
Figure 32: Configuring the Local-Preference Attribute ................................. |
116 |
|
Figure 33: The Origin Attribute .................................................................... |
118 |
|
Figure 34: AS-Path Attributes ...................................................................... |
121 |
|
Figure 35: Configuring the MED .................................................................. |
122 |
|
Figure 36: Synchronization .......................................................................... |
134 |
|
Figure 37: Disabling Synchronization .......................................................... |
135 |
|
Figure 38: Administrative Distances ............................................................ |
138 |
|
Figure 39: Administrative Distance and Synchronization ............................ |
139 |
|
Figure 40: Backdoor Route .......................................................................... |
140 |
List of Figures ■ xxv
JUNOSe 11.1.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide
|
Figure 41: A Fully Meshed Autonomous System .......................................... |
145 |
|
Figure 42: A Confederation of Subautonomous Systems ............................. |
146 |
|
Figure 43: Simple Route Reflection ............................................................. |
149 |
|
Figure 44: Route Reflection: Logical Redundancy ........................................ |
149 |
|
Figure 45: Route Reflection: Physical and Logical Redundancy ................... |
150 |
|
Figure 46: BGP Route Reflection .................................................................. |
151 |
Part 2 |
Multiprotocol Layer Switching |
|
Chapter 2 |
MPLS Overview |
201 |
|
Figure 47: Simple MPLS Domain ................................................................. |
210 |
|
Figure 48: Label Switching .......................................................................... |
211 |
|
Figure 49: Label Stacking ............................................................................ |
212 |
|
Figure 50: Shim Header ............................................................................... |
213 |
|
Figure 51: TTL Processing on Incoming MPLS Packets ................................ |
215 |
|
Figure 52: TTL Processing on Outgoing MPLS Packets ................................. |
217 |
|
Figure 53: LSP Creation, Downstream-on-Demand, Ordered Control .......... |
219 |
|
Figure 54: LSP Creation, Downstream-Unsolicited, Independent Control .... |
220 |
|
Figure 55: Explicit Routing in an MPLS Domain .......................................... |
227 |
|
Figure 56: MPLS Interface Stacking for the Platform Label Space ................ |
228 |
|
Figure 57: MPLS Interface Stacking for the Interface Label Space ................ |
229 |
|
Figure 58: LDP Tunneled Through an RSVP-TE Core ................................... |
247 |
|
Figure 59: Flow for Initial Setting of EXP Bits for the First Label Pushed ..... |
261 |
|
Figure 60: Flow for Setting EXP Bits for All Pushed Labels ........................... |
262 |
|
Figure 61: Simple MPLS Domain ................................................................. |
264 |
Chapter 3 |
Configuring MPLS |
267 |
|
Figure 62: FEC Aggregation and Equal-Cost Paths ....................................... |
282 |
|
Figure 63: Bypass Tunnel ............................................................................ |
289 |
|
Figure 64: Differentiated Services over an MPLS Network ........................... |
301 |
|
Figure 65: Associations Between PHB ID, EXP Bits, and Traffic |
|
|
Classes/Colors ....................................................................................... |
306 |
|
Figure 66: Signaled Mapping ....................................................................... |
307 |
Chapter 4 |
Monitoring MPLS |
315 |
|
Figure 67: Sample MPLS L3VPN Topology ................................................... |
370 |
Chapter 5 |
Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications |
379 |
|
Figure 68: ECMP BGP/MPLS VPN Scenario .................................................. |
382 |
|
Figure 69: BGP/MPLS VPN Scenario ............................................................. |
383 |
|
Figure 70: BGP/MPLS VPN Components ...................................................... |
384 |
|
Figure 71: Route and Label Distribution ...................................................... |
386 |
|
Figure 72: Standard and Extended BGP Update Messages ........................... |
388 |
|
Figure 73: BGP/MPLS VPN Route Exchange ................................................. |
390 |
|
Figure 74: LSP Creation for BGP/MPLS VPN ................................................. |
392 |
|
Figure 75: Traffic Across the MPLS Backbone of a BGP/MPLS VPN .............. |
393 |
|
Figure 76: IPv6 VPN Services over IPv4 MPLS ............................................. |
396 |
|
Figure 77: Inter-AS Topology with VRFs on Each AS Boundary Router ........ |
398 |
|
Figure 78: Inter-AS Topology with End-to-End Stacked MPLS Tunnels ......... |
399 |
|
Figure 79: Topology for Three-label Stack Configuration for Inter-AS Option |
|
|
C ........................................................................................................... |
402 |
|
Figure 80: Topology for Inter-AS Option C with Route Reflectors ................ |
404 |
|
Figure 81: Inter-AS IPv6 VPN Services ......................................................... |
405 |
xxvi ■ List of Figures
List of Figures
|
Figure 82: Site Connectivity in a Full-Mesh VPN .......................................... |
406 |
|
Figure 83: Route Target Configuration for a Full-Mesh VPN ......................... |
407 |
|
Figure 84: Site Connectivity in a Hub-and-Spoke VPN ................................. |
407 |
|
Figure 85: Route Target Configuration for a Hub-and-Spoke VPN ................ |
408 |
|
Figure 86: Site Connectivity in an Overlapping VPN .................................... |
408 |
|
Figure 87: Route Target Configuration for an Overlapping VPN ................... |
409 |
|
Figure 88: Overlapping VPNs on a Single PE ............................................... |
409 |
|
Figure 89: Fully Meshed VPNs ..................................................................... |
424 |
|
Figure 90: Hub-and-Spoke VPN ................................................................... |
426 |
|
Figure 91: Import and Export Maps ............................................................. |
427 |
|
Figure 92: Configuring Static Routes ............................................................ |
436 |
|
Figure 93: BGP/MPLS VPN IBGP Example .................................................... |
441 |
|
Figure 94: BGP/MPLS VPN EIBGP Example .................................................. |
442 |
|
Figure 95: PE-to-CE Session ......................................................................... |
444 |
|
Figure 96: Network with Potential Routing Loops ........................................ |
449 |
|
Figure 97: Preventing Potential Routing Loops in the Network .................... |
450 |
|
Figure 98: Allowing Local AS in VPNv4 Address Family ............................... |
451 |
|
Figure 99: Topology for Fast Reconvergence by Means of Unique VRF RDs, |
|
|
Before Tunnels Go Down ...................................................................... |
456 |
|
Figure 100: Topology for Fast Reconvergence by Means of Reachability |
|
|
Checking, After Tunnels Go Down ........................................................ |
457 |
|
Figure 101: Static Default Route for Internet Access .................................... |
463 |
|
Figure 102: Fallback Global Option .............................................................. |
464 |
|
Figure 103: Global Import Map Applied to Routes Imported from VRF BGP |
|
|
RIB ........................................................................................................ |
465 |
|
Figure 104: BGP Session Between CE Router and Parent VR ....................... |
466 |
|
Figure 105: Static Route to Shared IP Interface ........................................... |
468 |
|
Figure 106: Global Export Map Applied to Routes Exported from VRF BGP |
|
|
RIB ........................................................................................................ |
469 |
|
Figure 107: Carrier-of-Carriers Internet Service ........................................... |
471 |
|
Figure 108: Carrier-of-Carriers VPN Service ................................................. |
473 |
|
Figure 109: Carrier-of-Carrier IPv6 VPNs ..................................................... |
475 |
|
Figure 110: IPv6 Tunneled over MPLS-IPv4 ................................................. |
476 |
|
Figure 111: IPv6 Tunneled Across IPv4 Domains ........................................ |
477 |
|
Figure 112: OSPF Topology with Backdoor Link .......................................... |
482 |
|
Figure 113: OSPF Sham Link ....................................................................... |
484 |
Part 3 |
Layer 2 Services Over MPLS |
|
Chapter 6 |
Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview |
509 |
|
Figure 114: Layer 2 Services over a Provider’s MPLS Network .................... |
510 |
|
Figure 115: Common ISP Network .............................................................. |
515 |
|
Figure 116: E Series Router Replacing Remote ATM Switch ........................ |
516 |
|
Figure 117: AAL5 Pseudowire and MPLS Tunnel ......................................... |
516 |
|
Figure 118: CE-Side MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG ..................................... |
521 |
Chapter 7 |
Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS |
529 |
|
Figure 119: Local Cross-Connect Between Ethernet/VLAN Interfaces ........... |
533 |
|
Figure 120: CE-Side Load-Balancing Topology ............................................. |
542 |
|
Figure 121: Sample Frame Relay over MPLS Configuration ......................... |
544 |
List of Figures |
■ |
xxvii |
JUNOSe 11.1.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide
|
Figure 122: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over VLAN over LAG Configuration |
|
|
Example ............................................................................................... |
548 |
|
Figure 123: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG Configuration Example ............. |
551 |
|
Figure 124: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG Configuration Example ............. |
555 |
|
Figure 125: Ethernet Packet Distribution over Martini Circuits .................... |
556 |
|
Figure 126: Martini Circuit with Two Pseudowires Between PE-Facing |
|
|
Routers ................................................................................................. |
558 |
|
Figure 127: Martini Circuit Deployment for Transmission of Multiple ATM |
|
|
VCs over a SIngle Pseudowire ............................................................... |
560 |
Part 4 |
Virtual Private LAN Service |
|
Chapter 9 |
VPLS Overview |
575 |
|
Figure 128: VPLS Sample Topology ............................................................. |
576 |
Chapter 10 |
Configuring VPLS |
589 |
|
Figure 129: Topology for VPLS Configuration Example with BGP |
|
|
Signaling ............................................................................................... |
602 |
|
Figure 130: Topology for VPLS Configuration Example with LDP |
|
|
Signaling ............................................................................................... |
609 |
Part 5 |
Virtual Private Wire Service |
|
Chapter 12 |
VPWS Overview |
645 |
|
Figure 131: VPWS Sample Topology ........................................................... |
646 |
|
Figure 132: VPWS Components .................................................................. |
648 |
Chapter 13 |
Configuring VPWS |
657 |
|
Figure 133: VPWS Cross-Connects .............................................................. |
662 |
|
Figure 134: Topology for VPWS Configuration Example .............................. |
666 |
xxviii |
■ |
List of Figures |
List of Tables |
|
|
|
About the Documentation |
xxxiii |
|
Table 1: Notice Icons ................................................................................ |
xxxiv |
|
Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions ...................................................... |
xxxiv |
Part 1 |
Border Gateway Protocol |
|
Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing |
3 |
|
|
Table 3: Conventions for BGP Terms ............................................................... |
4 |
|
Table 4: Cease Notification Message Subcodes ................................................ |
8 |
|
Table 5: Commands Affecting BGP Globally .................................................. |
18 |
|
Table 6: Commands Affecting All Address Families in a VRF ......................... |
18 |
|
Table 7: Commands Affecting the Current Address Family ........................... |
19 |
|
Table 8: Commands Affecting All Address Families for the Specified Peer or |
|
|
Peer Group .............................................................................................. |
19 |
|
Table 9: Commands Affecting Only the Current Address Family for the |
|
|
Specified Peer or Peer Group .................................................................. |
20 |
|
Table 10: Behavior of Neighbor Commands .................................................. |
21 |
|
Table 11: Inheritance from Other Commands ............................................... |
22 |
|
Table 12: Commands That Do Not Override Inherited Outbound Policy ....... |
24 |
|
Table 13: Source Addresses and Default Next Hop Addresses for Various |
|
|
Configurations ........................................................................................ |
31 |
|
Table 14: Commands That Create Match-and-Set Route Maps ....................... |
71 |
|
Table 15: Clauses Supported in BGP Match-and-Set Route Maps ................... |
71 |
|
Table 16: Commands That Create Match-Only Route Maps ........................... |
72 |
|
Table 17: Clauses Not Supported in BGP Route Maps .................................... |
72 |
|
Table 18: Set Clauses Supported in Route Maps Applied with the Table-Map |
|
|
Command ............................................................................................... |
81 |
|
Table 19: Action Based on Well-Known Community Membership ................. |
92 |
|
Table 20: Origin and AS Path for Routes Viewed on Different Routers ........ |
119 |
|
Table 21: Default Administrative Distances for Route Sources ..................... |
136 |
Part 2 |
Multiprotocol Layer Switching |
|
Chapter 2 |
MPLS Overview |
201 |
|
Table 22: Conventions for MPLS Terms ....................................................... |
202 |
|
Table 23: MPLS Terms and Acronyms ......................................................... |
204 |
|
Table 24: TLVs Supported by MPLS LSP ping .............................................. |
234 |
|
Table 25: Sub-TLVs Supported for the Target FEC Stack TLV ....................... |
235 |
|
Table 26: Sub-TLVs Supported for the P2MP Responder Identifier TLV ....... |
240 |
|
Table 27: Summary of LDP Graceful Restart States ..................................... |
248 |
Chapter 3 |
Configuring MPLS |
267 |
List of Tables ■ xxix
JUNOSe 11.1.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide
|
Table 28: Configuration Tasks by Type of Network ..................................... |
268 |
|
Table 29: Incoming L-LSP PHB Determination ............................................ |
303 |
|
Table 30: Examples of Incoming L-LSP PHB Determination ........................ |
304 |
|
Table 31: Outgoing L-LSP PHB Determination ............................................. |
304 |
|
Table 32: Differentiated Services Mapping .................................................. |
309 |
Chapter 4 |
Monitoring MPLS |
315 |
|
Table 33: show atm vc Output Fields .......................................................... |
321 |
|
Table 34: show cac interface Output Fields ................................................. |
322 |
|
Table 35: show ip tunnel route and show ipv6 tunnel-route Output |
|
|
Fields .................................................................................................... |
325 |
|
Table 36: show ldp Output Fields ................................................................ |
326 |
|
Table 37: show ldp binding and show mpls binding Output Fields .............. |
328 |
|
Table 38: show ldp graceful restart Output Fields ........................................ |
328 |
|
Table 39: show ldp igp-sync Output Fields .................................................. |
329 |
|
Table 40: show ldp interface Output Fields ................................................. |
330 |
|
Table 41: show ldp neighbor Output Fields ................................................. |
333 |
|
Table 42: show ldp profile Output Fields ..................................................... |
335 |
|
Table 43: show ldp statistics Output Fields .................................................. |
336 |
|
Table 44: show ldp targeted session Output Fields ...................................... |
338 |
|
Table 45: show mpls Output Fields ............................................................. |
339 |
|
Table 46: show mpls explicit-paths Output Fields ........................................ |
341 |
|
Table 47: show mpls fast-reroute Output Fields ........................................... |
342 |
|
Table 48: show mpls forwarding Output Fields ........................................... |
343 |
|
Table 49: show mpls interface Output Fields ............................................... |
347 |
|
Table 50: show mpls minor-interface Output Fields .................................... |
351 |
|
Table 51: show mpls next-hop Output Fields ............................................... |
352 |
|
Table 52: show mpls phb-id Output Fields .................................................. |
353 |
|
Table 53: show mpls profile Output Fields .................................................. |
354 |
|
Table 54: show mpls rsvp Output Fields ...................................................... |
355 |
|
Table 55: show mpls rsvp authentication Output Fields .............................. |
358 |
|
Table 56: show mpls rsvp bfd interfaces Output Fields ............................... |
359 |
|
Table 57: show mpls rsvp counters Output Fields ....................................... |
360 |
|
Table 58: show mpls rsvp hello graceful restart Output Fields ..................... |
362 |
|
Table 59: show mpls rsvp hello instance Output Fields ............................... |
364 |
|
Table 60: show mpls tunnels Output Fields ................................................. |
366 |
Chapter 5 |
Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications |
379 |
|
Table 61: Route-Target Filtering Advertisement Rules for Routes Received |
|
|
from Peers ............................................................................................ |
412 |
|
Table 62: Characteristics of Import and Global Import Maps ....................... |
428 |
|
Table 63: Characteristics of Export and Global Export Maps ........................ |
428 |
|
Table 64: Resolution of Indirect Next Hops ................................................. |
460 |
|
Table 65: Advertising Action Taken Following Best Route Selection ............ |
461 |
|
Table 66: Route Types and Route Origins .................................................... |
481 |
Part 3 |
Layer 2 Services Over MPLS |
|
Chapter 7 |
Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS |
529 |
|
Table 67: Martini Circuit Scenarios Without Ethernet Raw Mode ................. |
555 |
|
Table 68: Martini Circuit Scenarios with Ethernet Raw Mode ...................... |
556 |
Chapter 8 |
Monitoring Layer 2 Services over MPLS |
563 |
xxx ■ List of Tables
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