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Genova Plus
Spectrophotometer
Operating Manual
736 505 REV A/11-12
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Safety
Please read this information carefully prior to installing or using this equipment.
1. The unit described in this manual is designed be operated only by trained personnel. Any
adjustments, maintenance and repair must be carried out as defined in this manual, by a person qualified
to be aware of the hazards involved.
2. It is essential that both operating and service personnel employ a safe system of work, in addition to
the detailed instructions specified in this manual.
3. Other than for those items defined in the maintenance procedures herein there are no user serviceable
items in this instrument. Removal of covers and attempted adjustment or service by unqualified personnel
will invalidate the warranty and may incur additional charges for repair.
4. References should always be made to the Health and Safety data supplied with any chemicals used.
Generally accepted laboratory procedures for safe handling of chemicals should be employed.
5. If it is suspected that safety protection has been impaired in any way, the unit must be made inoperative
and secured against any intended operation. The fault condition should immediately be reported to the
appropriate servicing authority.
Merci de lire attentivement ces informations avant d’installer ou d’utiliser cet appareil.
1. L’appareil décrit dans ce manuel est conçu pour être utilisé uniquement par des personnes formées. Tout
réglage, maintenance ou réparation doit être effectué comme décrit dans ce manuel, par une personne
qualifiée consciente des risques encourus.
2. Il est essentiel que les personnes utilisant et intervenant sur cet appareil respectent les règles de sécurité
de travail, en plus des instructions détaillées précisées dans ce manuel.
3. En-dehors des éléments décrits dans les procédures de maintenance ci-incluses, cet appareil ne contient
aucun élément réparable par l’utilisateur. L’enlèvement des capots et les tentatives de réglage ou de
réparation par des personnes non qualifiées invalide toute garantie et entraîne un risque de frais de
réparation supplémentaires.
4. Toujours se référer aux fiches techniques de santé et de sécurité accompagnant tout produit chimique
utilisé. Respecter les procédures de laboratoire généralement acceptées pour la manipulation en toute
sécurité des produits chimiques.
5. Si l’utilisateur suspecte qu’un problème quelconque puisse mettre en cause la sécurité, l’appareil doit
être rendu inopérant en empêchant son utilisation. Communiquer la défaillance constatée au service de
maintenance compétent.
Bitte lesen Sie diese Hinweise vor Installation oder Gebrauch dieser Ausrüstung sorgfältig durch.
1. Das in diesem Handbuch beschriebene Gerät darf nur von geschultem Personal bedient werden.
Alle Anpassungen, Wartungsarbeiten und Reparaturen müssen entsprechend der Vorgaben in diesem
Handbuch und von einer kompetenten Person, die mit den damit verbundenen Gefahren vertraut ist,
durchgeführt werden.
2. Es ist wichtig, dass sowohl das Bedienungs- als auch das Service-Personal zusätzlich zu den detaillierten
Anweisungen in diesem Handbuch ein sicheres Arbeitssystem einsetzen.
3. Mit Ausnahme der Teile, deren Wartungsverfahren in diesem Handbuch beschrieben sind, enthält dieses
Gerät keine weiteren Teile, die vom Benutzer gewartet werden können. Das Entfernen von Abdeckungen
und Versuche von hierfür unqualifiziertem Personal, Anpassungen oder Wartungsarbeiten durchzuführen,
haben zur Folge, dass die Garantie verfällt und können zusätzliche Reparaturkosten auslösen.
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4. Es ist jederzeit auf die sicherheitsrelevanten Daten sämtlicher verwendeter Chemikalien Bezug zu
nehmen. Allgemein anerkannte Labormethoden zum sicheren Umgang mit Chemikalien sollten eingesetzt
werden.
5. Besteht der Verdacht, dass die Sicherheitsvorrichtungen in irgendeiner Weise beschädigt wurden, muss
das Gerät außer Betrieb genommen und gegen weiteren Gebrauch gesichert werden. Die Störung sollte
der zuständigen Serviceeinrichtung unverzüglich gemeldet werden.
Leggere attentamente queste istruzioni prima di installare o utilizzare il dispositivo.
1. L’unità descritta nel presente manuale è stata realizzata per essere utilizzata solo da personale che ha
ricevuto l’apposita formazione. Qualsiasi operazione di regolazione, manutenzione e riparazione deve
essere effettuata sulla base di quanto indicato nel presente manuale da personale qualificato consapevole
dei rischi connessi.
2. È fondamentale che il personale operativo e il personale addetto alla manutenzione utilizzino un sistema
di lavoro sicuro, oltre a seguire le istruzioni specificate nel presente manuale.
3. Oltre a quelli indicati nelle procedure di manutenzione, all’interno di questo dispositivo non sono presenti
altri elementi sui quali è possibile effettuare interventi. La rimozione delle protezioni e qualsiasi tentativo
di regolazione o di manutenzione posto in essere da personale non qualificato invaliderà la garanzia. In
questi casi, sarà necessario pagare un importo per le riparazioni effettuate.
4. È sempre necessario fare riferimento ai dati sulla salute e sulla sicurezza forniti con le sostanze chimiche
utilizzate. Adottare le procedure di laboratorio generalmente accettate per la gestione delle sostanze
chimiche.
5. Nel caso in cui si sospetti che la salute possa essere pregiudicata in qualsiasi modo, disattivare l’unità per
renderla inutilizzabile. Qualsiasi condizione di errore deve essere immediatamente segnalata al responsabile
per la manutenzione.
Lea esta información atentamente antes de instalar o utilizar este equipo.
1. La unidad descrita en este manual está diseñada para que solamente la utilice personal con formación.
Cualquier operación de ajuste, mantenimiento y reparación debe llevarse a cabo del modo indicado en
este manual y debe realizarla una persona cualificada que sea consciente de los peligros que implica.
2. Es fundamental que tanto los operarios como el personal de servicio utilicen un sistema de trabajo
seguro, así como las instrucciones detalladas que se especifican en este manual.
3. Cualquier elemento que no se encuentre entre los definidos en los procedimientos de mantenimiento
aquí descritos no podrá utilizarse en este instrumento. La extracción de las tapas y los intentos de ajuste
o reparación por parte de personal no cualificado invalidarán la garantía y pueden incurrir en cargos
adicionales por reparación.
4. Siempre deberían consultarse los datos sobre Salud y Seguridad que se suministran con cualquier
producto químico que se utilice. Es necesario llevar a cabo los procedimientos de laboratorio de aceptación
generalizada para la manipulación segura de productos químicos.
5. Si existe la sospecha de que las medidas protectoras de seguridad han quedado dañadas en cualquier
modo, la unidad debe inutilizarse y protegerse contra toda operación que se intente llevar a cabo. El estado
de fallo debe comunicarse inmediatamente a la autoridad de servicio de mantenimiento y reparación
pertinente.
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Contents
Page
Safety 1
SECTION 1 - Introduction 8
1.1 INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION 8
1.2 INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION 8
SECTION 2 – Installation 10
2.1 UNPACKING 10
2.2 INSTALLATION 10
2.3 DISPLAY 11
2.4 CONTROLS 12
2.5 REAR PANEL 13
2.6 FRONT PANEL 13
SECTION 3 – Theory and Practice of Spectroscopy Measurements 14
3.1 THEORY OF SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENT 14
3.2 NUCLEIC ACID DETERMINATION 14
3.3 SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENT 15
3.4 GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES 16
SECTION 4 – Instrument Setup 18
4.1 NAVIGATING AND SCREEN SETUP 18
4.2 TIME AND DATE 19
4.3 INSTRUMENT SETTINGS MENU 20
4.4 SECURITY AND SETTING PASSWORDS 20
4.4.1 Setting Security Codes 20
4.4.2 Settings lock 20
4.4.3 Method Lock 21
4.5 MODE SELECTION 21
4.6 GLP SETTINGS 22
4.7 SCREEN CONTRAST 22
SPECTROPHOTOMETER MENU OPTIONS 23
SECTION 5 – PHOTOMETRICS 23
5.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS 23
5.2 METHOD SET UP 23
5.2.1 Selecting a Wavelength 23
5.3 CALIBRATION 24
5.4 SAMPLE MEASURMENT 24
SECTION 6 – Concentration 25
6.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS 25
6.2 METHOD SETUP 25
6.2.1 Selecting a Wavelength 25
6.2.2 Settings 26
6.2.2.1 Selecting Concentration Units 26
6.2.2.2 Changing the Resolution 26
6.2.2.3 Using a Standard 27
6.2.2.4 Using a Factor 27
6.3 CALIBRATION 27
6.3.1 Calibrating to a Standard 28
6.3.2 Calibrating to a Factor 28
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6.4 SAMPLE MEASUREMENT 28
6.4.1 Measuring a Sample After Calibrating to a Standard 28
6.4.2 Measuring a Sample After Calibrating to a Factor 29
SECTION 7 – Spectrum 30
7.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS 30
7.2 METHOD SETUP 30
7.2.1 Scan Settings 31
7.2.1.1 Selecting Absorbance or % Transmittance 31
7.2.1.2 Setting Start and End Wavelengths 31
7.2.1.3 Setting the Scan Interval 32
7.2.1.4 Y-Axis Scaling 32
7.3 CALIBRATION 33
7.4 SAMPLE MEASUREMENT 33
7.5 DATA ANALYSIS 34
7.5.1 Peaks and Valleys Threshold 34
7.5.2 Peaks and Valleys Table 34
7.5.3 Spectral Points Analysis 35
SECTION 8 – Quantitation 37
8.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS 37
8.2 METHOD SETUP 37
8.2.1 Quantitation Settings 38
8.2.1.1 Selecting Absorbance or % Transmittance 38
8.2.1.2 Selecting a Wavelength 38
8.2.1.3 Selecting Concentration Units 38
8.2.1.4 Changing the Resolution 38
8.2.1.5 Selecting the Number of Replicate Standard Measurements 39
8.2.1.6 Selecting Automatic or Manual Replicate Measurements 39
8.2.1.7 Selecting Number of Standards 39
8.2.2 Quantitation Table 39
8.2.2.1 Editing Standard Data 39
8.2.2.2 Creating a New Standard Curve 40
8.2.3 Standard Curve 41
8.3 CALIBRATION 42
8.4 SAMPLE MEASUREMENT 42
8.5 DATA ANALYSIS 43
SECTION 9 – Kinetics 44
9.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS 44
9.2 METHOD SET UP 44
9.2.1 Kinetics Settings 45
9.2.1.1 Y-Axis Scaling 45
9.2.1.2 Setting Lag Time or Start on Level 46
9.2.1.3 Selecting Absorbance or % Transmittance 46
9.2.1.4 Changing the Resolution 46
9.2.1.5 Selecting Concentration Units 47
9.2.1.6 Using a Standard 47
9.2.1.7 Using a Factor 47
9.2.1.8 Selecting a Wavelength 48
9.2.1.9 Setting the Kinetics Measurement Time 48
9.3 CALIBRATION 48
9.4 SAMPLE MEASUREMENT 48
9.5 DATA ANALYSIS 49
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SECTION 10 – MULTI-WAVELENGTH 51
10.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS 51
10.2 METHOD SET UP 51
10.2.1 Multi-Wavelength Settings 52
10.2.1.1 Setting the Number of Wavelengths 52
10.2.1.2 Setting the Measurement Wavelengths 52
10.2.1.3 Changing the Resolution 52
10.2.1.4 Selecting Concentration Units 52
10.2.1.5 Setting the Concentration Calculation Equation and Factors 53
10.3 CALIBRATION 53
10.4 SAMPLE MEASUREMENT 53
LIFE SCIENCE MENU OPTIONS 54
SECTION 11 – Concentration Plus 54
11.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS 54
11.2 METHOD SETUP 54
11.2.1 Selecting a Wavelength – Operating Menu 54
11.2.2 Concentration Plus Settings 55
11.2.2.1 Selecting a Wavelength – Concentration Plus Settings 55
11.2.2.2 Selecting Concentration Units 55
11.2.2.3 Changing the Resolution 56
11.2.2.4 Using a Standard 56
11.2.2.5 Using a Factor 56
11.2.2.6 Setting the Dilution Factor 57
11.3 CALIBRATION 57
11.3.1 Calibrating to a Standard 57
11.3.2 Calibrating to a Factor 58
11.4 SAMPLE MEASUREMENT 58
11.4.1 Measuring a Sample After Calibrating to a Standard 58
11.4.2 Measuring a Sample After Calibrating to a Factor 59
SECTION 12 – PURITY SCAN 60
SECTION 13 – MULTI-WAVELENGTH PLUS 61
13.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS 61
13.2 METHOD SET UP 61
13.2.1 Multi-wavelength Plus Settings 62
13.2.1.1 Setting the Measurement Wavelengths 62
13.2.1.2 Changing the Resolution 62
13.2.1.3 Selecting Concentration Units 62
13.2.1.4 Setting the Dilution Factor 63
13.2.1.5 Setting the Reference Wavelength 63
13.2.1.6 Setting the Concentration Calculation Equation and Factors 63
13.3 CALIBRATION 64
13.4 SAMPLE MEASUREMENT 64
SECTION 14 – DNA 65
14.1 DNA MENU OPTIONS 65
14.2 dsDNA 65
14.3 ssDNA 65
14.4 RNA 66
14.5 OLIGONUCLEOTIDES 66
14.6 260 / 280 67
14.7 260 / 230 67
14.8 VARIABLE RATIO 67
14.9 CALIBRATION AND SAMPLE MEASUREMENT 68
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SECTION 15 – PROTEIN 69
15.1 PROTEIN MENU OPTIONS 69
15.2 PIERCE 660 ASSAY 69
15.3 BCA ASSAY 69
15.4 BRADFORD ASSAY 70
15.5 LOWRY ASSAY 70
15.6 BIURET ASSAY 71
15.7 DIRECT UV 71
15.8 CALIBRATION AND SAMPLE MEASUREMENT 71
SECTION 16 – OD 600 72
16.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS 72
16.2 METHOD SETUP 72
16.2.1 Selecting a Wavelength 72
16.2.2 Settings 73
16.2.2.1 Using a Standard 73
16.2.2.2 Using a Factor 74
16.2.2.3 Using an Instrument Factor 74
16.2.2.4 Setting the Dilution Factor 75
16.3 CALIBRATION 75
16.3.1 Calibrating to a Standard 76
16.3.2 Calibrating to a Factor 76
16.4 SAMPLE MEASUREMENT 76
16.4.1 Measuring a Sample After Calibrating to a Standard 76
16.4.2 Measuring a Sample After Calibrating to a Factor 77
SECTION 17 – SAVING, PRINTING AND AUTOLOGGING 78
17.1 SAVING METHODS 78
17.1.1 Saving Methods To Internal Memory 78
17.1.2 Saving Methods to USB Memory Stick 79
17.2 OPENING METHODS 80
17.2.1 Opening Methods From Internal Memory 80
17.2.2 Opening Methods From USB Memory Stick 80
17.3 DELETING METHODS 81
17.4 SAVING RESULTS 81
17.5 OPENING RESULTS 82
17.6 DELETING RESULTS 83
17.7 PRINTING 83
17.7.1 Print Setup 83
17.7.1.1 Print Setup – PHOTOMETRICS, CONCENTRATION, MULTIWAVELENGTH AND OD 600 84
17.7.1.2 Print Setup - SPECTRUM AND PURITY 84
17.7.1.3 Print Setup – QUANTITATION AND PROTEINS 84
17.7.1.4 Print Setup – KINETICS 84
17.7.2 Printing Results 85
17.8 AUTOLOGGING 85
17.8.1 Setting the Number of Sample Repetitions 85
17.8.2 Selecting Result’s Destination 87
17.9 LOCKED METHODS 87
17.10 CONNECTING TO A PC 87
SECTION 18 – ACCESSORIES AND SPARE PARTS 88
18.1 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES 88
18.2 CONNECTING THE ACCESSORIES 88
18.2.1 Internal Printer 88
18.2.2 Passive Accessories 89
18.2.3 Active Accessories 89
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18.2.3.1 Automatic 8 cell turret 90
18.2.3.2 Peltier 90
18.2.3.3 Sipper pump 91
18.2.3.4 Combined sipper Peltier pump 93
18.3 USING THE ACCESSORIES 93
18.3.1 Automatic 8 cell turret 93
18.3.1.1 Automatic 8 cell turret – supporting creation of a standard curve in quantitation 94
18.3.2 Peltier 94
18.3.3 Sipper pump 95
18.3.3.1 Manual Sipper Pump Settings 95
18.3.3.2 Timed Sipper Pump Settings 96
18.3.4 Combined sipper Peltier 98
18.4 SPARES 99
SECTION 19 – MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE 100
19.1 ROUTINE MAINTENANCE 100
19.2 LAMP REPLACEMENT 100
19.2.1 Xenon Lamp Module Replacement 100
19.3 FIRMWARE UPDATE PROCEDURE 100
19.4 SERVICE 100
SECTION 20 – TROUBLESHOOTING 101
20.1 ERROR CODES 101
20.2 TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE 103
20.3 TECHNICAL SUPPORT 103
SECTION 21 – DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY 104
SECTION 22 – GLOSSARY OF ICONS 105
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SECTION 1 - Introduction
INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION1.1
The Genova Plus is a UV/visible spectrophotometer dedicated to life science analysis. This
spectrophotometer allows the measurement of DNA concentrations and purity ratios using
wavelengths recorded at 260, 280 and 230nm, with an optional correction at 320nm.The Genova Plus
is pre-programmed with Bradford, Lowry, Biuret, BCA and Direct UV methods for protein analysis. The
Genova Plus has an OD measurement mode enabling users to measure optical density at 600nm for
cell harvesting. The purity scan across the entire wavelength range from 198 to 1000nm displays any
distorted peaks enabling impurities to be easily identified.
This life science spectrophotometer uses icon driven software and has an improved navigation
system for easy and intuitive usability. As well as the dedicated life science measurement modes
this instrument can also be used as a standard spectrophotometer with measurement modes for
photometrics, concentration, multi-wavelength, spectrum scanning, quantitation and kinetics.
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION1.2
Genova Plus
Wavelength
Range 198 to 1000nm
Resolution 1nm
Accuracy ± 2nm
Repeatability ± 0.5nm
Spectral bandwidth 5nm
Photometrics
Transmittance 0 to 199.9%
Absorbance -0.300 to 2.500A
Accuracy* ±1%T, ±0.01Abs at 1.000 Absorbance
Resolution 0.1%T, 0.001A
Stray light* <0.5% at 340nm and 220nm
Concentration/Concentration Plus
Range 0 to 9999
Resolution Selectable 1/0.1/0.01/0.001
Calibration Blank with a single standard or factor
Units no units, %, ppm, EBC, SRM, mEq/l, mEq, M, mM,
µM, nM, U, U/l, U/ml, g/l, mg/l, µg/l, ng/l, g/dl,
mg/dl, µg/dl, mg/ml, µg/ml, ng/ml, µg/µl, ng/µl,
mol/l, mmol/l,
Factor 0.001 to 10000
Standard 0.001 to 1000
Quantitation
Range 0 to 9999
Resolution Selectable 1/0.1/0.01/0.001
Calibration Blank with up to 12 standards
Units no units, %, ppm, EBC, SRM, mEq/l, mEq, M, mM,
µM, nM, U, U/l, U/ml, g/l, mg/l, µg/l, ng/l, g/dl,
mg/dl, µg/dl, mg/ml, µg/ml, ng/ml, µg/µl, ng/µl,
mol/l, mmol/l
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Curve fit algorithms Quadratic, quadratic through zero, linear, linear
through zero, interpolate
Multi-wavelength
Range 0 to 9999
Data points Up to 4 wavelengths
Calculations Sum, product, ratio, difference
Kinetics
Measurement Time 2 to 9999 seconds
Calibration Blank with a single standard or factor
Display Graphical and concentration
Analysis Concentration, rate of change, initial and final
absorbance/%T
Resolution Selectable 1/0.1/0.01/0.001
Spectrum/Purity Scan
Range 198 to 1000nm
Scan interval Selectable 1, 2 or 5nm
Analysis Absorbance or % transmittance and peak and valley
wavelengths
Multi-wavelength Plus
Range 0 to 9999
Data points 3 wavelengths + optional reference wavelength
Calculations concentration, ratio
DNA
Measurement modes dsDNA, ssDNA, RNA, Oligonucleotides,
260/280, 260/230, Variable Ratio
Protein
Measurement modes Pierce 660, BCA, Bradford, Lowry, Biuret, Direct UV
OD 600
Range 0.00 E-19 to 9.99 E+19
Calibration Blank with a single standard or factor
Units cells/ml
Factor 0.01 E-19 to 9.99E+19
Standard 0.01 E-19 to 9.99E+19
Instrument Factor 0.001 to 9999.999
Other
Beam height 15mm
Light source Xenon lamp
GLP Current time and date, user ID, settings lock and
method lock
Number of users 999
Methods memory 312 (including pre-programmed methods)
Results memory Limited by attached mass storage device
Removable media USB (supplied)
Outputs USB, Analogue, RS232, Internal printer
Power 24V
Size (w x d x h) 275 x 400 x 220mm
Weight 6kg
*Assessment must be performed with a 630 204 - 10 x 10mm path length cuvette holder installed.
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SECTION 2 – Installation
2.1 UNPACKING
Remove the Genova Plus from the packaging and ensure the following items are included:
1. Model Genova Plus spectrophotometer fitted with micro-cuvette holder (736 501)
2. 24V 65W power supply unit (021 060)
3. Pack of 100 disposable UV micro-volume cuvettes 70µl (035 143)
4. 4GB USB memory stick (019 146)
5. Instruction manual (736 505)
6. Jenway Foreign Manual CD (JENMANCD)
7. 10x10mm single cuvette holder (630 204)
2.2 INSTALLATION
The Genova Plus is supplied ready to use.
The unit should be placed on a clean flat surface which is free from drafts and vibrations. The units are
designed for operation on 90V to 264V AC input at 47 to 63Hz. Select the correct plug attachment and
attach to the power supply unit as shown below:
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Fig 2.2.1 – Power supply unit with various plugs
Connect the power supply unit to the power inlet socket on the rear panel of the instrument and
connect to the mains socket. Turn the power on at the mains and switch the instrument on using the
power switch on the rear of the instrument.
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The instrument will initially check for firmware updates (Section 20.3) and then perform several poweron tests before displaying the main menu:
1. Instrument check – ensures the validity of the saved parameters
2. Dark test
3. Checks for the accessory fitted. If an active accessory is found the instrument verifies communication
and response
4. Self calibration of wavelengths
5. Checks communication between USB memory stick port and the instrument
2.3 DISPLAY
1
2
5
Fig 2.2.2 – All Power On Tests Complete
3
4
The instrument has a dot matrix display which enables icons and graphs to be displayed clearly. Following
successful completion of the power on tests the main menu screen will be displayed:
Fig. 2.3.1 – Display
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Life Science/Spectrophotometer menu options
1. Purity/Spectrum measurement mode
2. Concentration plus/Concentration measurement mode
3. Back key
4. Time and date toggle and settings
5. Multi-wavelength plus/Multi-wavelength measurement mode
6. Toggle between Life Science and Spectrophotometer modes
7. Protein/Photometrics measurement mode
8. Instrument settings menu
9. DNA/Quantitation measurement mode
10. OD 600/Kinetics measurement mode
2.4 CONTROLS
The keypad used for this model enables an easy and effective way of navigating the different measurement
modes, entering numbers, saving and analysing results. The soft keys are active when an icon is displayed
above or adjacent to the key. The only exception to this is the back key which is always active.
The main Life Science menu screen and surrounding keypad is displayed below.
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Fig. 2.4.1 – Display
Life Science/Spectrophotometer menu options
1. Purity/Spectrum measurement mode
2. Concentration plus/Concentration measurement mode
3. Back key
4. Time and date toggle and settings
5. Multi-wavelength plus/Multi-wavelength measurement mode
6. Toggle between Life Science and Spectrophotometer modes
7. Protein/Photometrics measurement mode
8. Instrument settings menu
9. DNA/Quantitation measurement mode
10. OD 600/Kinetics measurement mode
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2.5 REAR PANEL
The image below shows the rear panel on the instrument:
Fig. 2.5.1 – Rear Panel
1. Lamp access panel Allows access to lamp when replacement is necessary
2. Power switch On/off switch for the unit
3. Power in socket Connection socket for power supply unit
4. RS232 serial port Connection to a PC or external serial printer
5. Output sockets Analogue output
2.6 FRONT PANEL
The image below shows the front panel of the instrument:
1
2
3
5
4
Fig. 2.6.1 – Front Panel
1. Integral printer (optional accessory)
2. Keypad
3. USB memory stick slot
4. Instrument lid
5. Display
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SECTION 3 – Theory and Practice of Spectroscopy
Measurements
3.1 THEORY OF SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENT
UV-visible spectroscopy is the measurement of the absorbance of light at a specific wavelength in a
sample. This is used to identify the presence and concentration of molecular entities within the sample.
The Beer-Lambert law is used to relate the absorption of light to the properties of the sample through
which the light is travelling through. The Beer-Lambert law states that:
A is the absorbance
is the molar absorption coefficient (l mol-1cm-1)
c is the concentration (mol l-1)
l is the path length (cm)
This law shows that absorbance is linear to concentration but this is only true for low concentrations. For
absorbance levels above 3 the concentration starts to move away from the linear relationship.
Transmittance is the proportion of the light which passes through the sample:
I
o
L
Therefore: T = I
Io
Absorbance is inversely related to transmittance:
A = log 1
T
3.2 NUCLEIC ACID DETERMINATION
DNA, RNA and oligonucleotides can be measured directly in aqueous solutions in a diluted or undiluted
form. Aqueous buffers with low ion concentrations (e.g. TE buffer) are ideal for this method. The
concentration is commonly determined by measuring at 260nm against a blank and then evaluating
against a factor.
t
I
t
Where:
Io is the incident light
lt is the transmitted light
L is the path length
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The Genova Plus has pre-defined methods installed which assume that absorption of 1 OD (A) is equivalent
to approximately: 50µg/ml dsDNA, 37µg/ml ssDNA, 40µg/ml RNA and 30µg/ml for oligonucleotides.
DNA interference by contaminants can be assessed by the calculation of an absorption ratio. The ratios
A260/A280 and A260/A230 are used to estimate the purity of nucleic acids, since proteins absorb at
280nm and substances such as peptides, phenols, aromatic compounds or carbohydrates absorb at
230nm. Pure DNA should have an A260/A280 ratio of approximately 1.8 and pure RNA 2.0. In pure
nucleic acid samples the A260/A230 ratio should be approximately 2.2.
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Nucleic acid concentration can also be estimated with the following calculations:
Conc (µg/ml) = (Abs@260nm x 62.9) - (Abs@280nm x 36.0)
Conc (µg/ml) = (Abs@260nm x 49.1) - (Abs@230nm x 3.48)
Referring to a blank value where no absorption should occur is commonly required. On the Genova Plus
the default reference wavelength is 320nm and the user can include the measured absorbance value in
all nucleic acid calculations. The default wavelength can be modified from 320nm if required.
3.3 SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENT
There are four main components of a spectrophotometer. These are a light source to emit a high and
constant amount of energy over the full wavelength range; a method for separating the light into
discreet wavelengths; a sample holder and a light detector.
The optical layout of the Genova Plus spectrophotometer is shown:
Figure 3.3.1 – Diagram of light path
The light from the pre-aligned xenon lamp is focused onto the grating, with 1200 lines per millimeter,
which separates the light into discrete wavelengths. The diffracted spectrum of light then passes through
a further slit and lens arrangement before passing through the sample in the sample chamber from left
to right. The light which is not absorbed by the sample is transmitted through a collecting lens and onto
the signal detector. The photo-diode detector used is mounted directly onto the detector PCB and the
output is used to calculate the % transmittance. The result is displayed either as % transmittance or
absorbance on the instrument display.
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3.4 GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES
1. For optimum performance all spectrophotometers should be sited in a clean, dry, dust free
atmosphere. When in use ambient temperature and light levels should remain as constant as possible.
2. If required adherence to Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)
should be monitored with regular calibration checks and a suitable Quality Control (QC) programme.
3. The sample chamber lid must be fully closed during measurement and before any readings are recorded
or printed.
4. The correct selection of sample containers is imperative for accurate and reproducible results:
a) Check that the material of the sample container is compatible with the wavelengths to be used
for measurement. In general glass can only be used down to 360nm or 320nm depending on quality.
Standard plastic cuvettes can be used down to 320nm. Special UV versions can be used down to 260nm.
Below this level quartz cuvettes must be used.
b) Plastic disposable cuvettes should only be used ONCE.
c) Glass cuvettes should be thoroughly cleaned after use. Discard when scratches become evident on
optical surfaces.
d) Care should be taken when selecting semi-micro or micro cuvettes. The cuvette window on the inner
chamber (the area filled with sample) must be wider than the aperture in the sample holder or light will
reach the detector without passing through the sample. In this case, semi-micro or micro cuvettes with
self-screening black surrounds must be used or, alternative holders for these cuvettes should be used.
e) Glass test tubes and other sample tubes should be used with care. Where possible, matched tubes
should be used and any index mark set to the correct position before measurements are made.
f) Ensure any sample containers used are compatible with the constituents of both the samples and
standards they are to hold. Plastic cuvettes are not compatible with organic solvents.
g) All sample containers must be handled with care; by the top, bottom and non-optical surfaces only.
Any finger marks evident must be removed by a suitable cleaning process.
h) Flow-through cuvettes must be selected with care and consideration for the sample type, sample
volume, pumping system, rinse, sample and waste handling to be used.
5. Samples and standards should not be stored in open cuvettes or sample containers as evaporation will
change the value and lead to staining of the walls which may be irreversible. If stored in stoppered and
sealed cuvettes, they should be filled with little or no air space and the values regularly checked against
a reference standard or quality control material.
6. Samples should be allowed to equilibrate to ambient temperature before measurement (unless a
suitable temperature controlled sample holder is in use). Temperature change during measurement may
cause air bubbles to form on the walls of the sample holder. This is a common cause of drift during
measurement.
7. In the preparation of samples and standards high grade borosilicate glass and AR grade chemicals
and reagents must be used. Good quality deionised water or other suitable solvents must be used for
dissolving or diluting samples, chemicals and reagents.
16
8. All measurements require calibration to a blank, for maximum accuracy this should be prepared with
care using the same deionised water or solvent used for dissolving or diluting the sample. Where reagents
are added to the sample to produce a colour proportional to its concentration a ‘sample based’ blank
should be used. In this case the blank should consist of all reagents or chemicals to be used, except the
sample which will produce the colour to be measured.
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9. Deviations from the Beer-Lambert Law may occur at high and low concentrations giving non-linear
response during sample concentration measurements. For all new methods a linear range should be
defined by the preparation of a calibration curve. The quantitation mode may be used to construct such
a curve against which sample results are automatically measured.
10. Cuvettes and sample holders must be filled to a minimum level which covers the light path. All
Jenway spectrophotometers have a beam height of 15mm.
11. The instrument must be calibrated to zero absorbance/100% transmittance prior to taking readings.
In the spectrum measurement mode a baseline scan must be performed before performing a sample
scan.
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SECTION 4 – Instrument Setup
4.1 NAVIGATING AND SCREEN SETUP
The main life science menu screen is displayed below.
Fig 4.1.1 – Life Science Home Screen
Fig 4.1.2 – Spectrophotometer Home Screen
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To navigate around the spectrophotometer screen press the soft keys adjacent to icons displayed on
the screen. There is a back key which returns to the previous menu without saving any changes.
The main menu screens provide access to all measurement modes, the time and date menu and the
instrument settings menu. The measurement modes are specific to each of the instrument’s two home
screens. The life science home screen gives access to the purity scan, concentration plus, multi-wavelength
plus, protein, DNA and OD 600 modes, whereas the spectrophotometer home screen gives access to
the spectrum, photometrics, quantitation, concentration, multi-wavelength and kinetics modes. The
instrument settings menu enables access to settings lock, security codes, method lock, mode selection,
user ID and screen contrast menus.
When a measurement mode is opened the operating
menu enables changes to measurement parameters
and settings to be made. Depending on the mode, the
measurement parameters can be accessed through the
settings menu which is displayed in the top right hand
corner of the screen. The only mode where this function
is not available is the photometrics mode; instead a toggle
Operating Menu
(Photometrics measurement mode)
icon is displayed which is used to change the primary and
secondary displays. The DNA and protein modes require
the user to initially select a method before the operating
menu option is available.
The utility toolbar is displayed on the left hand side of the operating menu and provides the same
functions in all of the measurement modes. This toolbar enables access to printing, print setup options,
opening, saving and deleting results and methods and autologging options. For more details on the
different functions of the utility toolbar refer to section 17.
4.2 TIME AND DATE
The time and date menu enables the current time and date
to be set. This information will be saved on all results and
displayed on printouts. The time and date menu can be
accessed from the main menu by holding the key below
the time and date icon for 2 seconds. Pressing the key
once cycles the display between time and date.
In the time and date menu to set the time press the key
adjacent to the clock icon. Select the digit to be changed
using the keys at the bottom of the screen. Use the keys
adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease the
number. The clock function uses a 24 hour format.
In the time and date menu to set the date press the
key adjacent to the calendar icon. Select the digit to be
changed using the keys at the bottom of the screen.
Use the keys adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or
decrease the number. The date format can be displayed as
either European dd/mm/yy or American mm/dd/yy.
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To change between the two formats press the key below the toggle icon. Once the current time and
date have been set press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save the changes. To exit this menu without
saving any changes press the back key and the screen will return to the main menu.
4.3 INSTRUMENT SETTINGS MENU
The instrument settings menu is accessed by pressing the key below the instrument settings icon in the
main menu. This menu enables access to settings lock, security code, method lock, mode selection, user
ID and screen contrast menus. The tick icon saves any changes made and returns to the main menu.
Settings lock
Security code
Method lock
Mode selection
Fig 4.3.1 - Settings Menu
4.4 SECURITY AND SETTING PASSWORDS
4.4.1 Setting Security Codes
Tick icon
User ID
Screen contrast
The security code function enables a security code to
be set to lock the instrument settings and measurement
mode settings. The security code is not specific to the user
ID but is designed to enable an administrator to control
either the instrument or protocols. The security code menu
is accessed through the instrument settings menu.
4.4.2 Settings lock
The settings lock function enables the instrument and measurement mode settings to be locked to
prevent any changes to the measurement parameters or instrument settings. The only exceptions to this
are that the user ID and contrast can be changed when the settings lock is active.
In the instrument settings menu press the key adjacent
to the security code icon. Using the keys at the bottom
of the screen select the digit to be changed. Use the keys
adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease the
selected number. Once the preferred code has been set
press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save the security
code.
The settings lock function is accessed through the
instrument settings menu by pressing the key adjacent to
the open padlock icon. One press will lock the settings
instantly. To unlock the settings press the key again. This
will open the security code menu as detailed in section
4.4.1. The previously set security code must be entered
to unlock the settings. When the settings lock is active
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methods can still be opened, deleted and saved but the method parameters cannot be changed.
If the settings are locked before the security code has been set a default code of 660 will unlock the
settings.
4.4.3 Method Lock
key adjacent to the method lock icon again. The methods are now unlocked. If the settings lock is active
this must be disabled before the method lock can be activated or deactivated.
To enter the security code, use the keys at the bottom of
the screen to select the digit to be changed. Use the keys
adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease the
selected number. Once the correct security code has been
entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon. The settings
are now unlocked.
When the method lock is active the method selection
menu is disabled in all the measurement modes therefore
methods cannot be opened, deleted or saved. However the
measurement parameters of the currently loaded method
can be changed. The method lock function is accessed
through the instrument settings menu by pressing the
key adjacent to the method lock icon. One press will lock
the methods instantly. To unlock the methods press the
In all the measurement modes if a user tries to save changes to a method when the method lock is active
the padlock icon flashes on the screen and changes cannot be saved.
4.5 MODE SELECTION
The mode selection function enables access to the various
measurement modes to be restricted. The required modes
can be selected and the settings lock activated to prevent
other users from accessing the deactivated modes. The
mode selection function can be accessed through the
instrument settings menu by pressing the key adjacent to
the mode selection icon. The measurement mode icons
which are displayed on the main menu are identified with a
mode shown icon. The mode icons which are not displayed
on the main menu are identified with a mode not shown
icon. To change a mode from displayed to restricted or vice
versa press the key adjacent to the measurement mode
icon. Once the required modes have been selected press
the key adjacent to the tick icon to save the changes. The
selected measurement modes will be displayed on the
main menu.
4.6 GLP SETTINGS
The same procedure can be used to restrict the mode
access in the spectrophotometer home screen.
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4.6 GLP SETTINGS
In addition to the time and date settings this instrument also has a user ID function. This function enables
an individual three digit ID number to be set. This will be displayed on all printouts and saved results.
4.7 SCREEN CONTRAST
The user ID function can be accessed through the
instrument settings menu by pressing the key adjacent to
the user ID icon. Use the keys at the bottom of the screen
to select the digit to be changed. Use the keys adjacent to
the arrow icons to increase or decrease the number. Once
the preferred user ID has been set press the key adjacent to
the tick icon to save and return to the instrument settings
menu.
The screen contrast function enables the brightness of the
screen to be set. In the instrument settings menu press
the key adjacent to the screen contrast icon. Use the
keys below the arrow icons to increase or decrease the
screen contrast. Once the required contrast level has been
reached press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and
return to the instrument settings menu.
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SPECTROPHOTOMETER MENU OPTIONS
SECTION 5 – Photometrics
The photometrics measurement mode enables simple measurements of absorbance and % transmittance
to be performed. The sample is measured at one wavelength and at one point in time. There are no post
measurement calculations available in this measurement mode.
5.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS
Operating Menu
The photometrics operating menu enables measurement
parameters to be changed. The utility toolbar on the left
hand side of the screen enables access to printing, print
setup options, results, methods and autologging options.
For more details on the different functions of the utility
toolbar refer to section 17.
Print/print settings
Results selection menu
Method selection menu
Autolog menu
5.2 METHOD SET UP
Calibrate
to zero
Fig 5.1.1 - Operating Menu
This measurement mode is very simple and the only
parameters which can be adjusted are the wavelength and
the display format.
The toggle icon enables the large primary display to be set
to show the absorbance or % transmittance.
To change the primary and secondary displays press the
key adjacent to the toggle icon. Repeat presses will cycle
the display between absorbance and % transmittance.
Measure
sample
Toggle
Increase wavelength
Decrease wavelength
5.2.1 Selecting a Wavelength
The wavelength can be adjusted by using the keys adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease
the wavelength. Once the required wavelength has been selected a calibration can be performed.
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5.3 CALIBRATION
The calibration must be performed at the same wavelength
at which the sample will be measured. Insert a cuvette
containing the blank solution into the sample chamber and
close the instrument lid. Press the key below the calibrate
to zero absorbance icon. This sets the instrument to zero
absorbance and 100% transmittance.
Once the calibration is complete the measure sample icon appears and the sample can be measured. If the
wavelength is adjusted before a sample is measured the measure sample icon will disappear and the instrument
must be calibrated again at the new wavelength.
5.4 SAMPLE MEASURMENT
It is not possible to measure a sample before the instrument
has been calibrated at the selected wavelength. Once the
calibration has been performed the measure sample icon
is displayed and a sample can be measured. Remove the
cuvette containing the blank solution and place a cuvette
containing the sample to be measured in the sample
holder. Close the instrument lid and press the key below the
measure sample icon. Once the measurement is complete
the photometric result will be shown on the screen.
Subsequent samples can be measured in the same way. If the wavelength is adjusted between sample
measurements then the instrument must be calibrated again before more samples can be measured.
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SECTION 6 – Concentration
The concentration measurement mode enables simple measurements of absorbance and concentration
to be performed. In this measurement mode it is possible to calibrate against a standard of a known
concentration or use a known factor. The sample is measured at one wavelength at one point in time.
There are no post measurement calculations available in this measurement mode.
6.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS
Operating Menu
The concentration operating menu enables measurement
parameters to be changed. The utility toolbar on the left
hand side of the screen enables access to printing, print
setup options, results, methods and autologging options.
For more details on the different functions of the utility
toolbar refer to section 17. The settings icon enables the
wavelength, units, resolution, standard or factor to be
set.
Print/print settings
Results selection menu
Method selection menu
Autolog menu
6.2 METHOD SETUP
6.2.1 Selecting a Wavelength
Calibrate to zero
or standard
Fig 6.1.1 - Operating Menu
The wavelength can be adjusted in the operating menu
or in the settings menu. To adjust the wavelength, in the
operating menu, use the keys adjacent to the arrow icons
to increase or decrease the wavelength.
Measure to
factor
Settings
Increase wavelength
Decrease wavelength
The settings menu is accessed through the operating menu
by pressing the key adjacent to the settings icon. In the
settings menu press the key below the wavelength icon.
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6.2.2 Settings
The settings menu enables the wavelength, units, resolution, standard or factor to be set and is accessed
from the operating menu by pressing the key adjacent to the settings icon. Once all of the required
settings have been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the operating
menu.
This will open a number entry screen. Use the keys at the
bottom of the screen to select the digit to be adjusted.
Use the keys adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or
decrease the wavelength to the required number. Press
the key adjacent to the tick icon to save the changes and
return to the settings menu.
Tick icon
Standard menu
Selecting
concentration
units
Selecting
resolution
Fig 6.2.2.1 – Settings Menu
When setting the method parameters either the standard or the factor should be selected. The standard
should be used if the factor is not known as selecting this option will calculate the factor. If the factor is
known it is not necessary to measure a known standard’s concentration. When the standard or factor is
not selected the value should be set to 1.00.
6.2.2.1 Selecting Concentration Units
The units of concentration can be selected from a number of options: no units, %, ppm, EBC, SRM,
mEq/l, mEq, M, mM, µM, nM, U, U/l, U/ml, g/l, mg/l, µg/l, ng/l, g/dl, mg/dl, µg/dl, mg/ml, µg/ml, ng/ml,
µg/µl, ng/µl, mol/l, mmol/l.
In the settings menu, press the key below the units icon.
This opens the unit selection screen which displays all the
different units. Use the keys adjacent to the arrow icons
to navigate around the screen to select the required units.
Once the required units have been highlighted press the
key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the
settings menu. The selected unit will be displayed in the
operating menu along with absorbance and selected
wavelength.
Selecting
wavelength
Factor menu
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6.2.2.2 Changing the Resolution
The resolution that the concentration is displayed as can be selected from 1, 0.1, 0.01 or 0.001 by repeat
presses of the key below the resolution icon in the settings menu.
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6.2.2.3 Using a Standard
For example 00 the first press of the key alters 10, the second press alters 01. Use the keys adjacent to
the arrow icons to increase or decrease the selected number. Standard values from 0.001 to 1000 can be
entered. The standard value can be reset to one by pressing the key adjacent to the 001 icon. Once the
standard value has been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the settings
menu. The entered value is displayed in the settings menu adjacent to the standard icon.
A standard value should only be entered if the factor is not known. If the factor is known the standard
value should be set to 1.000.
6.2.2.4 Using a Factor
The standard menu enables the value of a standard to
be entered. This function is accessed by pressing the key
adjacent to the standard icon. This opens the extended
number entry screen. Use the keys at the bottom of the
screen to select the digit to be changed. The key below the
digits must be pressed twice to select the adjacent digit.
The factor menu enables a factor to be entered. This
function is accessed by pressing the key adjacent to the
factor icon. This opens the extended number entry screen.
Use the keys at the bottom of the screen to select the digit
to be changed. The key below the digits must be pressed
twice to select the adjacent digit.
For example 00 the first press of the key alters 10, the second press alters 01. Use the keys adjacent to
the arrow icons to increase or decrease the selected number. Factor values of 0.001 to 10,000 can be
entered. The factor value can be reset to one by pressing the key adjacent to the 001 icon. Once the
factor has been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the settings menu.
The entered value is displayed in the settings menu adjacent to the factor icon.
If the factor is not known a standard should be measured in order to calculate the factor. If a standard
is used the factor value should be set to 1.000.
6.3 CALIBRATION
The calibration must be performed at the same wavelength at which the sample will be measured.
In the concentration measurement mode calibrations
against a standard or a factor can be performed following
a zero calibration. If the factor is not known calibration
against a known standard is performed in order to calculate
the factor. However if the factor is known there is no need
to calibrate using a standard.
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6.3.1 Calibrating to a Standard
Insert a cuvette containing the blank solution into the sample chamber and close the instrument lid. Press
the key below the calibrate to zero absorbance icon. The instrument will calibrate to zero absorbance.
Insert a cuvette containing the standard concentration sample solution into the sample chamber and
close the instrument lid.
Press the key below the calibrate to zero absorbance or
standard icon, this will open another menu with the option
to re-calibrate to zero absorbance or to calibrate to the
previously entered standard value. Press the key adjacent
to the calibrate to standard icon.
If the standard selected requires a factor beyond the
range of the instrument the check standard icon will be
displayed.
The instrument will take a reading and calibrate to the
standard concentration. Once the calibration is complete
the sample can be measured using the measure to standard
icon.
6.3.2 Calibrating to a Factor
Insert a cuvette containing the blank solution into the
sample chamber and close the instrument lid. Press the
key below the calibrate to zero absorbance icon. The
instrument will calibrate to zero absorbance. Once the
calibration is complete the sample can be measured using
the measure to factor icon.
6.4 SAMPLE MEASUREMENT
It is not possible to perform sample measurements before the instrument has been calibrated at the
selected wavelength. In this operating mode the type of sample measurement performed depends on
the calibration which has been carried out.
6.4.1 Measuring a Sample After Calibrating to a Standard
Remove the cuvette containing the standard sample and
place a cuvette containing the sample to be measured
in the sample chamber. Close the instrument lid and
press the key below the measure to standard icon. Once
the measurement is complete the concentration and
absorbance values are displayed.
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6.4.2 Measuring a Sample After Calibrating to a Factor
Remove the cuvette containing the blank solution and place
a cuvette containing the sample to be measured in the
sample chamber. Close the instrument lid and press the key
below the measure to factor icon. Once the measurement
is complete the concentration and absorbance values are
displayed.
In order to measure a sample based on a known factor the value for the factor must be entered in the
settings menu before commencing measurement of the sample.
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SECTION 7 – Spectrum
The spectrum measurement mode enables measurements of absorbance or % transmittance over a
range of wavelengths to be performed. The absorbance or % transmittance at each wavelength is
plotted graphically. Post measurement tools such as peaks and valleys analysis and spectral points analysis
can be performed. This operating mode can be used to partially characterise a sample.
7.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS
Operating Menu
The scan settings icon enables the graph y-axis, absorbance or % transmittance operating mode, start
and end wavelengths and scan interval to be set. The peaks and valleys threshold icon enables the peaks
and valleys threshold to be set. The peaks and valleys table icon enables the peaks and valleys of the
scan to be viewed in tabular form. The spectral points analysis icon enables points to be selected from
the scan for post measurement analysis.
The spectrum operating menu enables measurement
parameters to be changed. The utility toolbar on the left
hand side of the screen enables access to printing, print
setup options, results, methods and autologging options.
For more details on the different functions of the utility
toolbar refer to section 17.
Print/print settings
Results selection menu
Methods selection menu
Autolog menu
Baseline
scan
Fig 7.1.1 - Operating Menu – Post Measurement
7.2 METHOD SETUP
Scan sample
In this measurement mode all of the method setup
parameters are accessed through the scan settings menu.
To open the scan settings menu press the key adjacent to
the scan settings icon in the operating menu.
Scan settings
Peaks and valleys threshold
Peaks and valleys table
Peaks and valleys threshold
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7.2.1 Scan Settings
This function enables the graph y-axis, absorbance or % transmittance operating mode, start and end
wavelengths and scan interval to be set. To access this function press the key adjacent to the scan
settings icon in the operating menu.
Maximum Abs/%
transmittance
Manual/automatic
y-axis scaling
Selecting Abs/%
transmittance
Minimum Abs/%
transmittance
Setting start
wavelength
Fig 7.2.1.1 – Scan Settings Menu
Setting scan
interval
Setting end
wavelength
Tick icon
7.2.1.1 Selecting Absorbance or % Transmittance
The operating mode is displayed on the left hand side of the menu. The default parameter is absorbance
and pressing the key adjacent to the ABS icon cycles the operating mode between absorbance and %
transmittance.
7.2.1.2 Setting Start and End Wavelengths
This function enables the start and end wavelengths of the spectrum scan to be set. The Genova Plus has
a spectrum range from 198 to 1000nm. To set the start wavelength in the scan settings menu press the
key adjacent to the wavelength on the far left of the x-axis. This opens the number entry screen.
Use the keys at the bottom of the screen to select the
digit to be changed and use the keys adjacent to the
arrow icons to increase or decrease the number. Once the
required start wavelength has been entered press the key
adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the scan
settings menu.
To set the end wavelength in the scan settings menu press
the key adjacent to the wavelength icon on the far right
of the x-axis. This opens the number entry screen. Use the
keys at the bottom of the screen to select the digit to be
changed and use the arrow keys to increase or decrease
the number. Once the required end wavelength has been
entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and
return to the scan settings menu.
If the start wavelength entered is the same as the end wavelength the end wavelength will automatically
be set to be one times the scan interval. For example, if the start wavelength is entered as 500nm but
the end wavelength is already set to 500nm and the scan interval is 2nm, the end wavelength will be
automatically adjusted to 502nm. If the end wavelength entered is the same as the start wavelength
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the start wavelength will automatically be set to be one times the scan interval. For example, if the end
wavelength is entered as 500nm but the start wavelength is already set to 500nm and the scan interval
is 2nm, the start wavelength will be automatically adjusted to 498nm.
7.2.1.3 Setting the Scan Interval
This function enables the interval between wavelengths measured in the spectrum scan to be set. The
scan interval can be altered to 1, 2 or 5nm by pressing the key below the scan interval icon. Repeat
pressing of the key cycles the interval between 1, 2 or 5nm. The scan interval can only be selected if the
wavelength range is divisible by this number. For example a scan interval of 5nm cannot be selected for
a wavelength range of 400 to 503nm.
7.2.1.4 Y-Axis Scaling
This function enables the scale of the y-axis of the spectrum graph to be adjusted either manually or
automatically. The automatic scaling is represented by the hand icon with a cross through it and the
manual scaling by the hand icon without the cross. To select manual or automatic scaling press the key
adjacent to the hand icon. Repeat pressing of the key cycles between manual and automatic scaling.
In automatic y-axis scaling the absorbance or %
transmittance values are cleared from the settings screen.
When the spectrum scan has been completed the y-axis is
automatically re-scaled.
Automatic Scaling
Manual Scaling
In manual scaling the minimum and maximum absorbance
or % transmittance values can be set. To change the
absorbance or % transmittance values press the key
adjacent to the minimum y-axis value, this opens a number
entry screen.
Use the keys at the bottom of the screen to select the digit
to be changed and use the keys adjacent to the arrow
icons to increase or decrease the number. To change the
sign press the key below the + or - icon. Repeat presses
will cycle between + and –. Once the required absorbance
or % transmittance value has been entered press the key
adjacent to the tick icon.
To change the maximum absorbance or % transmittance
value press the key adjacent to the maximum y-axis value,
this opens a number entry screen. Use the keys adjacent
to the arrow icons to increase or decrease the number.
To change the sign press the key below the + or - icon.
Repeat presses will cycle between + and –. Once the
required absorbance or % transmittance value has been
entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon.
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7.3 CALIBRATION
In the spectrum measurement mode the calibration is
a baseline scan which is performed across the selected
wavelength range at the selected scan interval. Insert a
cuvette containing the blank solution into the sample
chamber and close the instrument lid. Press the key below
the baseline scan icon to initiate the baseline scan. The
baseline icon will change to show baseline scan in progress
icon and a progress bar will be displayed.
To stop the baseline scan before completion press the key
below the baseline scan in progress icon. Confirmation
will be needed to stop the baseline scan. Press the key
adjacent to the tick icon to confirm stopping the baseline
scan and return to the operating menu.
Press the key adjacent to the cross icon to continue the
baseline scan. Once the baseline scan has been completed
the scan sample icon is displayed and a sample can be
measured.
If the wavelength range, or the scan interval, is changed before a sample scan is performed a new
baseline scan must be performed across the new wavelength range, at the new scan interval, before a
sample can be measured.
7.4 SAMPLE MEASUREMENT
The instrument will perform a scan across the wavelength range and scan interval previously selected.
The scan sample icon will change to show the spectrum scan is in progress icon.
It is not possible to measure a sample before a baseline
scan has been performed. Insert a cuvette containing the
sample to be measured in the sample chamber and close
the instrument lid. Press the key below the scan sample
icon to start the spectrum scan of the sample.
To stop the scan before completion, press the key below
the scan in progress icon. Confirmation will be needed to
stop the sample scan. Press the key adjacent to the cross
icon to continue with the scan of the sample or press
the key adjacent to the tick icon to confirm stopping the
scan.
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Depending on how many data points have been measured either a partial scan and all the post
measurement tools will be displayed, or the instrument will return to the operating menu with no
measurements saved.
7.5 DATA ANALYSIS
Once the scan is completed the spectrum will be shown on
the screen. If automatic scaling was selected the y-axis will
automatically be re-scaled.
The post measurement tools icons are displayed on the
screen following the completion of the scan. The tools
include peaks and valleys threshold, peaks and valleys
table and spectral points analysis. The peaks and valleys
table displays all the detected peaks and valleys above the
selected threshold value.
The spectral points analysis function enables points to be selected from the scan to analyse absorbance
or % transmittance at selected wavelengths.
7.5.1 Peaks and Valleys Threshold
This function enables the peaks and valleys threshold to be
set at 1, 5, 10% or turned off. To select the threshold value
press the key adjacent to the peaks and valleys threshold
icon. Repeat presses of the key will cycle through 1%, 5%,
10% and off.
If the peaks and valleys are turned off this is represented
by the peaks and valleys icon with a cross in place of a
number. When the peaks and valleys threshold is switched
off the peaks and valleys table icon is not displayed. If a 5%
threshold is selected then only peaks and valleys above this
threshold will be displayed in the peaks and valleys table.
34
The threshold is calculated as:
7.5.2 Peaks and Valleys Table
wavelenth range
Abs or % T range
This function displays all the detected peaks and valleys
above the selected threshold, in tabular form. To open the
table press the key adjacent to the peaks and valleys table
icon. If the peaks and valleys threshold is switched off this
icon is not displayed.
threshold
percentage
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In the peaks and valleys table screen it is possible to display
both peaks and valleys, just peaks or just valleys. To display
the peaks only press the key below the peak only icon. To
redisplay the peaks and valleys press the same key again.
To display the valleys only press the key below the valley
only icon. To redisplay the peaks and valley press the same
key again.
In the table the absorbance or % transmittance values (depending on the operating mode selected in
the scan settings) are shown with the corresponding wavelength. Use the keys adjacent to the arrow
icons to scroll up or down through the readings in the table. Press the key adjacent to the tick icon to
return to the operating menu.
7.5.3 Spectral Points Analysis
The spectral points analysis function enables points to be selected from the scan to analyse the absorbance
or % transmittance at a selected wavelength. To access this function press the key adjacent to the
spectral points analysis icon and this opens the selection screen.
As the vertical line moves along the scan the wavelength and absorbance or % transmittance value is
displayed at the top of the screen. To add the selected point from the spectrum to the spectral points
analysis table press the key adjacent to the add points to spectral points analysis table icon.
A solid vertical line will appear on the far right of the screen.
Use the keys below the greater than (>) or less than (<)
icons to move the line along the spectrum by decreasing
or increasing the wavelength by one scan interval, the
double greater than (>>) or less than (<<) icons increase or
decrease the wavelength by ten times the scan interval.
Only 6 points can be stored in the spectral points analysis
table. When adding a selected point to the table the
position this point is in the table will flash up on the
screen. If the table is full and a 7th point is selected to go
into the table a warning symbol will flash up and a point
must be deleted from the table before another point can
be added.
The wavelength to be analysed can also be entered
manually. This can be done in two ways; firstly by pressing
the key below the wavelength icon in the spectral points
analysis menu. This opens a number entry screen where
the wavelength can be input manually. Use the keys at
the bottom of the screen to select the digit to be changed
and use the keys adjacent to the arrow icons to increase
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or decrease the number. Once the wavelength has been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon
to save and return to the spectral points analysis menu.
Secondly, the wavelength can also be entered manually
in the spectral points analysis table by pressing the key
adjacent to the location in the table where the result is
to be stored. This opens a number entry screen where
the analysis point can also be deleted by pressing the key
adjacent to the delete icon.
Use the keys at the bottom of the screen to select the digit to be changed and use the keys adjacent to
the arrow icons to increase or decrease the number. Once the required wavelength has been entered or
the analysis point deleted press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the spectral points
analysis table. If a wavelength entered is outside the scan range the check number warning icon will be
displayed before the wavelength is automatically adjusted to within the range.
To view the points in the spectral points analysis table
press the key adjacent to the spectral points analysis
table icon. Only three points can be displayed on the
screen at one time; to view the other points in the table
press the key below the down arrow icon. To view the
first three points again press the key below the up arrow
icon. The table displays the wavelength and either the
corresponding absorbance or % transmittance, as well as
the order in which the points were selected or entered.
To change the photometric value between absorbance
and % transmittance press the key below the ABS icon
or %T icon. Pressing the key adjacent to the tick icon will
save any changes made and return to the spectral points
analysis menu.
It is possible to access spectral points analysis before a scan is performed. Points to be analysed can be
pre-selected from the blank axis, or entered manually in the spectral points analysis table. When the
scan has been performed the points for analysis will already be in the table with the corresponding
absorbance or % transmittance values.
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SECTION 8 – Quantitation
The quantitation measurement mode enables sample concentrations to be calculated using a standard
curve. In this mode a number of standard solutions covering a range of known concentrations are
measured at a set wavelength. The absorbance or % transmittance of these solutions is plotted to create
a standard curve with replicate standards measurements, if required. Once the standard curve has been
created a sample of unknown concentration can be measured and the concentration calculated using
the standard curve.
8.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS
Operating Menu
The quantitation operating menu enables measurement
parameters to be changed. The utility toolbar on the left
hand side of the screen enables access to printing, print
setup options, results, methods and autologging options.
For more details on the different functions of the utility
toolbar refer to section 17.
The quantitation settings menu enables the absorbance or % transmittance operating mode, wavelength,
units, resolution, number of replicate measurements (manual or automatic) and number of calibration
standards to be set. The quantitation table menu enables the quantitation standard data to be viewed,
edited and allows a new curve to be created. The standard curve menu enables a standard curve to be
created, viewed and edited.
Print/print settings
Results selection menu
Method selection menu
Autolog menu
Calibrate
to zero
Fig 8.1.1 - Operating Menu – Post Calibration
Measure
sample
Quantitation settings
Quantitation table
Standard curve
8.2 METHOD SETUP
In this measurement mode the method setup parameters
are accessed through the quantitation settings menu. To
open the quantitation settings menu press the key adjacent
to the quantitation settings icon in the operating menu.
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8.2.1 Quantitation Settings
This function enables the absorbance or % transmittance operating mode, wavelength, units, resolution,
number of replicate measurements (manual or automatic) and number of calibration standards to be set.
To access this function press the key adjacent to the quantitation settings icon in the operating menu.
Replicate measurements
On/Off
Replicate measurements
Manual/Automatic
Tick icon
Select wavelength
Setting concentration
units
Setting results
resolution
Fig 8.2.1.1 – Quantitation Settings Menu
8.2.1.1 Selecting Absorbance or % Transmittance
The operating mode can be changed between absorbance and % transmittance by pressing the key
below the Abs or %T icon. Repeat presses will cycle between absorbance and % transmittance.
8.2.1.2 Selecting a Wavelength
Setting abs/%
transmittance
Setting number
of standards
To adjust the wavelength, press the key adjacent to the
wavelength icon. This will open the number entry screen.
Use the keys at the bottom of the screen to select the digit
to be changed, pressing the key twice to select the second
digit. The keys adjacent to the arrow icons are then used
to increase or decrease the number.
Once the required wavelength has been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save the
changes and return to the settings menu screen.
8.2.1.3 Selecting Concentration Units
The units of concentration can be selected from a number of options: no units, %, ppm, EBC, SRM,
mEq/l, mEq, M, mM, µM, nM, U, U/l, U/ml, g/l, mg/l, µg/l, ng/l, g/dl, mg/dl, µg/dl, mg/ml, µg/ml, ng/ml,
µg/µl, ng/µl, mol/l, mmol/l.
8.2.1.4 Changing the Resolution
The resolution of the concentration can be selected from 1, 0.1, 0.01 or 0.001 by repeat presses of the
key below the resolution icon.
Press the key below the units icon and use the keys
adjacent to the arrow icons to navigate round the screen
to select the required units. Once the required units have
been selected press the key adjacent to the tick icon to
save and return to the settings menu screen.
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8.2.1.5 Selecting the Number of Replicate Standard Measurements
The number of replicate measurements made for each standard that is used to construct the calibration
curve is set by pressing the key next to the replicate measurements icon. The number of replicates can
be set to 1 or 3. When 3 replicates measurements are made, the average reading is used to construct
the calibration curve. If 1 is selected, no additional measurements are performed.
8.2.1.6 Selecting Automatic or Manual Replicate Measurements
The replicate measurements of a standard are performed automatically when the automatic measurement
icon is shown in the instrument settings. The replicate measurements will be repeated automatically one
after another on the same standard sample. Pressing the key next to this icon changes it to the manual
measurement icon where the unit will require the user to manually commence each replicate standard
measurement. This feature allows users to use three independently prepared standard solutions for each
data point in the calibration curve.
8.2.1.7 Selecting Number of Standards
The number of standards used to create a standard curve
can be changed from 2 to 12 standards. To change the
number of standards, press the key below the number of
standards icon. Repeat presses cycle the number between
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. If there is only one
standard available the concentration measurement mode
should be used.
8.2.2 Quantitation Table
To change the number of standards, press the key below the number of standards icon. Repeat presses
cycle the number between 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12.
The quantitation table enables the quantitation standards
to be viewed and edited and allows a new calibration
curve to be created. To access the quantitation table screen
press the key adjacent to the quantitation table icon in the
operating menu.
Only three standards can be displayed on the screen at
one time; to view the other standards in the table press
the key below the down arrow icon. The quantitation
table displays the standard concentration on the left hand
side of the table with the corresponding absorbance or
% transmittance on the right hand side of the table. The
standard curve can also be accessed from this screen by
pressing the key adjacent to the standard curve icon.
8.2.2.1 Editing Standard Data
This function enables the concentration and
Abs/%Transmission data for each standard to be
edited before a standard curve is created. To enter the
concentration of the first standard, press the key adjacent
to the first concentration in the table.
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This opens a number entry screen; use the keys at the
bottom of the screen to select the digit to be changed,
pressing the key twice to select the second digit. Use the
keys adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease the
number. Once the required number has been entered press
the key adjacent to the tick icon to save the changes.
The photometric values of the standards can also be
entered if known. To enter the photometric value press
the key adjacent to the photometric value in the table that
corresponds to the relevant concentration; this opens the
number entry screen. Use the keys at the bottom of the
screen to select the digit to be changed and use the keys
adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease the
number. The positive sign can be changed to a negative
sign by pressing the key below the + icon and using the keys adjacent to the arrow icons. Once the
required number has been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save. Standards 4 – 12
are accessed by pressing the key below the arrow icon and when the standard data for all the required
standards has been set press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the operating
menu.
8.2.2.2 Creating a New Standard Curve
Before creating a new curve it is necessary to enter the
concentrations of the standard solutions in the quantitation
table. Also the number of standards should be selected
in the quantitation settings menu. A new standard curve
can be created by pressing the key below the measure
standards icon.
Confirmation will be needed to delete the existing standard
data before new standard values can be measured. Press
the key adjacent to the cross icon to cancel deletion and
return to the quantitation table screen or press the key
adjacent to the tick icon to confirm.
This will open the standard measurement screen. The first
sample to be measured should be a blank sample as this
will be used to calibrate the instrument to zero absorbance.
Place the cuvette containing the blank solution into the
sample chamber and close the instrument lid. Press the key
adjacent to the tick icon to perform an initial calibration
to zero absorbance. Once this measurement has been
performed the standard concentration samples can be
measured.
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Remove the cuvette containing the blank solution from
the sample chamber and insert the cuvette containing
the first standardised solution to be measured. Close the
instrument lid and press the key adjacent to the tick icon
to take a reading of the standard.
The concentration along with the photometric value will
then be displayed. This standard can be re-measured by
pressing the key adjacent to the back icon.
If replicate measurements have been selected in the
quantitation settings menu, a summary of the replicate
measurements and the final average reading are displayed
on the screen. If the manual replicate measurements
setting was selected, the user is required to press the
key adjacent to the tick icon to measure each replicate
standard reading.
To measure the next standard remove the current standard from the sample chamber and insert the
cuvette containing the second standardised solution. Press the key adjacent to the tick icon to take a
reading of the standard. Repeat this procedure until all the standards (up to a maximum of twelve) have
been measured. Once all the standards have been measured the instrument returns to the quantitation
table screen where the photometric values for all of the newly added standards can be viewed.
To abort the creation of the new standard curve before all the standards have been measured, press the
key adjacent to the cross icon at any time.
8.2.3 Standard Curve
This function enables the current standard curve to be
viewed, a new standard curve to be created, the curve fit
to be adjusted and the curve statistics to be displayed. To
access this function press the key adjacent to the standard
curve icon in the operating menu.
When the current standard curve is displayed the
concentration and photometric value of the last sample
measured is also displayed on the curve. The curve fit
algorithm can be changed by pressing the key below the
curve fit icon.
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Repeat presses of the key cycles the curve fit between
1. Linear Regression Concentration = Abs x A + B
2. Linear Regression Through Zero Concentration = Abs x A
3. Quadratic Regression Concentration = A x Abs2 + B x Abs + C
4. Quadratic Regression Through Zero Concentration = A x Abs2 + B x Abs
5. Interpolate Concentration(n) = Abs x A(n) + B(n)
The curve statistics can be displayed by pressing the
key below the S icon; this opens a screen on top of the
existing curve displaying statistics for the curve fit chosen.
For example if the curve fit is Conc = Abs x A + B the
curve statistics displayed will be the gradient of the line
(A), constant (B) and correlation coefficient (r2). To exit
this screen press the key adjacent to the tick icon. The
quantitation table can also be viewed from this screen by
pressing the key adjacent to the quantitation table icon.
A new standard curve can be created by pressing the key below the measure standards icon. See section
8.2.2.2 for details on creating a new standard curve.
Once the curve has been created press the key adjacent to the tick icon and the screen will return to the
operating menu where unknown samples can be measured.
8.3 CALIBRATION
the wavelength is adjusted before a sample is measured the measure sample icon will disappear and the
instrument must be calibrated again at the new wavelength.
8.4 SAMPLE MEASUREMENT
The zero calibration must be performed at the same
wavelength as the standards were measured at and the
unknown samples will be measured at. Insert a cuvette
containing the blank solution into the sample chamber and
close the instrument lid. Press the key below the calibrate to
zero absorbance icon. The instrument will calibrate to zero
absorbance. Once the calibration is complete the measure
sample icon appears and the sample can be measured. If
Once a calibration has been performed the measure
sample icon appears. A standard curve should either be
created or loaded from a previously saved method before
carrying out a measurement of an unknown sample. Place
the cuvette containing the sample in the sample chamber
and close the instrument lid.
42
Press the key below the measure sample icon and the instrument will take a reading and the concentration
and photometric values will be displayed on the screen. To view the position of this sample on the
standard curve open the standard curve screen.
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8.5 DATA ANALYSIS
In quantitation the data analysis examines the statistics of
the standard curve and algorithm of the curve fit. The curve
statistics function is accessed by pressing the key below
the S icon in the quantitation curve menu. The algorithm
of the curve fit can be changed by pressing the key below
the curve fit icon. For more information regarding curve fit
and statistics refer to section 8.2.3.
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SECTION 9 – Kinetics
The kinetics measurement mode enables the absorbance or % transmittance of an active molecule to be
measured over a period of time; for example enzyme analysis of horseradish peroxidase. The absorbance
or % transmittance is measured at regular time intervals at a set wavelength over a period of time.
The results are plotted on a graph to show the change in absorbance or % transmittance over time.
Following sample measurement statistical analysis of all or part of the experiment can be performed.
9.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS
Operating Menu
The settings icon enables the wavelength, units, resolution, graph y-axis, absorbance or % transmittance
operating mode, standard, factor, measurement time, lag time and start on level to be set. Following
the completion of a set of kinetics measurements the statistics for all or part of the kinetics run can be
analysed. The kinetics moving line function enables the initial and final points of the curve to be selected,
so that analysis of the area between these two points can be performed.
The kinetics operating menu enables measurement
parameters to be changed. The utility toolbar on the left
hand side of the screen enables access to printing, print
setup options, results, methods and autologging options.
For more details on the different functions of the utility
toolbar refer to section 17.
Print/print settings
Results selection menu
Methods selection menu
Autolog menu
9.2 METHOD SET UP
Settings
Kinetics moving line
Statistics
Calibrated
to zero
Fig 9.1.1 - Expanded Operating Menu – Post Measurement
In this measurement mode all the method set up parameters
are accessed through the settings menu. To open the
settings menu press the key adjacent to the settings icon
in the operating menu.
Start kinetics
measurements
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9.2.1 Kinetics Settings
The settings menu enables the wavelength, units, resolution, graph y-axis, operating mode, standard,
factor, measurement time, lag time and start on level to be set. Once all of the required settings have
been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the operating menu.
Maximum Abs/%T
Manual/automatic scaling
Abs/% transmittance
Minimum Abs/%T
9.2.1.1 Y-Axis Scaling
This function enables the scale of the y-axis of the kinetics graph to be adjusted either manually or
automatically. The automatic scaling is represented by the hand icon with a cross through it and the
manual scaling by the hand icon without the cross. To select manual or automatic scaling press the key
adjacent to the hand icon. Repeat pressing of the key cycles between manual and automatic scaling.
Setting lag time/
start on level
Selecting
units
Selecting
resolution
Fig 9.2.1.1 - Settings Menu
Tick icon
Select wavelength
Standard menu
Factor menu
Setting the
measurement
time
Automatic Scaling
Manual Scaling
In automatic y-axis scaling the absorbance or %
transmittance values are cleared from the settings screen.
When the kinetics measurement is complete the y-axis is
automatically re-scaled.
In manual scaling the minimum and maximum absorbance
or % transmittance values can be set. To change the
absorbance or % transmittance values press the key
adjacent to the minimum y-axis value, this opens a number
entry screen.
Use the keys at the bottom of the screen to select the digit
to be changed and use the keys adjacent to the arrow
icons to increase or decrease the number. To change the
sign press the key below the + or - icon. Repeat presses
will cycle between + and –. Once the required absorbance
or % transmittance value has been entered press the key
adjacent to the tick icon.
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9.2.1.2 Setting Lag Time or Start on Level
In this measurement mode starting the kinetics measurements can be delayed by setting a lag time or
a start on level. The lag time is the amount of time that the instrument will wait before starting the
kinetics measurements. The start on level is the absorbance level that must be reached before starting
the kinetics measurements. Both options can be set using the set lag time/start on menu. This function is
accessed by pressing the key below the start time pause icon on the far left side of the x-axis. This opens
the lag time/start on level menu.
To change the maximum absorbance or % transmittance
value press the key adjacent to the maximum y-axis value
and this opens a number entry screen. Use the keys
adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease the
number. To change the sign press the key below the + or -
icon. Repeat presses will cycle between + and –. Once the
required absorbance or % transmittance has been entered
press the key adjacent to the tick icon.
To set the lag time press the key adjacent to the clock icon.
Use the keys at the bottom of the screen to select the digit
to be changed and the keys adjacent to the arrow icons to
increase or decrease the number. The lag time can be reset
to zero by pressing the key adjacent to the 000 icon.
Once the required lag time has been entered in seconds press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save
and return to the settings menu.
On the left hand side of the screen the symbol can be changed to read greater than (>) or less than (<)
the absorbance level that has been entered. The start on level can also be turned off (</>). Once the
required absorbance or % transmittance level (depending on the operating mode selected) has been
entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the settings menu.
9.2.1.3 Selecting Absorbance or % Transmittance
The operating mode is displayed on the left hand side of the screen. The default parameter is absorbance
and pressing the key adjacent to the ABS icon cycles the operating mode between the absorbance and
% transmittance.
To set the start on level press the key adjacent to the
Abs/%T icon. Use the keys at the bottom of the screen
to select the digit to be changed and the keys adjacent to
the arrow icons to increase or decrease the number. The
positive sign can be changed to a negative sign by pressing
the key below the symbol + icon.
46
9.2.1.4 Changing the Resolution
The resolution of the concentration can be selected from 1, 0.1, 0.01 or 0.001 by repeat presses of the
key below the resolution icon.
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9.2.1.5 Selecting Concentration Units
The concentration units can be selected from a number of options: no units, %, ppm, EBC, SRM, mEq/l,
mEq, M, mM, µM, nM, U, U/l, U/ml, g/l, mg/l, µg/l, ng/l, g/dl, mg/dl, µg/dl, mg/ml, µg/ml, ng/ml, µg/µl,
ng/µl, mol/l, mmol/l.
9.2.1.6 Using a Standard
increase or decrease the selected number. Standard values of 0.001 to 1000 can be entered. The standard
value can be reset to one by pressing the key adjacent to the 001 icon. Once the standard value has
been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the settings menu screen. The
entered value is now displayed in the settings menu adjacent to the standard icon.
In the settings menu press the key below the units icon
to open the unit selection screen which displays all the
different unit options. Use the keys adjacent to the arrow
icons to navigate around the screen to select the required
units. Once the required units have been highlighted press
the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the
settings menu.
The standard menu enables the value for a standard to
be entered. This function is accessed by pressing the key
adjacent to the standard icon. This opens the extended
number entry screen. Use the keys at the bottom of the
screen to select the digit to be changed. The key below the
digit must be pressed twice to select the adjacent digit. For
example 00, the first press of the key alters 10, the second
press alters 01. Use the keys adjacent to the arrow icons to
A standard value should only be entered if the factor is not known. If the factor is known the standard
value should be set to 1.000.
9.2.1.7 Using a Factor
For example 00, the first press of the key alters 10, the second press alters 01. Use the keys adjacent to
the arrow icons to increase or decrease the selected number. Factor values of 0.001 to 10,000 can be
entered. The factor value can be reset to one by pressing the key adjacent to the 001 icon. Once the
factor has been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the settings menu
screen. The entered value is now displayed in the settings menu adjacent to the factor icon. If the factor
is not known a standard should be measured in order to calculate the factor. If a standard is used the
factor value should be set to 1.000.
The factor menu enables a factor to be entered. This
function is accessed by pressing the key adjacent to the
factor icon. This opens the extended number entry screen.
Use the keys at the bottom of the screen to select the digit
to be changed. The key below the digit must be pressed
twice to select the adjacent digit.
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9.2.1.8 Selecting a Wavelength
9.2.1.9 Setting the Kinetics Measurement Time
To adjust the wavelength press the key adjacent to the
wavelength icon. This will open the number entry screen.
Use the keys at the bottom of the screen to select the digit
to be changed, pressing the key twice to select the second
digit. The keys adjacent to the arrow icons can be used
to increase or decrease the number. Once the required
wavelength has been entered press the key adjacent to
the tick icon to save the changes and return to the settings
menu screen.
This function enables the measurement time for the
kinetics scan to be set. To access this function press the
key below the time displayed on the far right of the x-axis;
this will open a number entry screen. Use the keys at the
bottom of the screen to select the digit to be changed
and use the keys adjacent to the arrow icons to increase
or decrease the number. Once the required measurement
time in seconds has been entered press the key adjacent to
the tick icon to save and return to the settings menu.
9.3 CALIBRATION
Once the calibration is complete the start kinetics measurement icon will be displayed and a sample can
be measured. If the wavelength is adjusted before the sample is measured the start kinetics measurements
icon will disappear and the instrument must be calibrated again at the new wavelength.
9.4 SAMPLE MEASUREMENT
The calibration must be performed at the same wavelength
at which the sample will be measured. Insert a cuvette
containing the blank solution into the sample chamber and
close the instrument lid. Press the key below the calibrate
to zero absorbance icon. The instrument will calibrate to
0.000 absorbance.
Insert a cuvette containing the sample to be analysed
into the sample chamber and press the key below the
start kinetics measurements icon. If a start on level or
lag time has not been set the instrument begins taking
a photometric reading every second. As each reading is
taken it is plotted on the graph.
48
If a lag time has been set a progress bar will be displayed
showing the lag time counting down. Once the lag time is
complete the instrument will begin taking readings.
Page 51
If a start on level has been set the Abs/%T icon is displayed
in the centre of the screen. The instrument will take
photometric readings until the start on level is reached.
Once the absorbance/% transmittance level has been
reached the readings will be plotted on the graph.
Once the measurement has commenced it can be aborted by pressing the key below the kinetics
measurement in progress icon.
Depending on how many data points have been recorded,
the instrument will either return to the pre-measurement
screen or display a partial scan.
Once the measurement time is reached the experiment is complete and the post measurement icons are
displayed. If the automatic scaling was selected the y-axis will automatically be re-scaled.
9.5 DATA ANALYSIS
Following the completion of the kinetics measurements the post measurement icons are displayed on
the screen. These include the statistics for the kinetics experiment and the kinetics moving line. The post
measurement statistics include rate of change, start and end absorbance levels and concentration of the
sample. The kinetics moving line function enables the initial and final points of the experiment to be set
and the statistics for this part of the experiment to be analysed.
To access the statistics for the whole of the kinetics
experiment press the key adjacent to the S icon which
opens the statistics menu over the top of the expanded
operating menu.
The information displayed includes concentration,
absorbance per minute (rate of change), correlation
coefficient (r2), start time absorbance and end time
absorbance. If the operating mode selected was %
transmittance then the statistics displayed will be %
transmittance instead of absorbance.
In this menu the factor can be updated by pressing the key adjacent to the factor icon. The instrument
calculates the factor and saves the value in the settings. Therefore the factor value calculated can be
used in subsequent measurements to calculate the concentration of unknown samples.
To exit the statistics menu press the key adjacent to the tick icon.
The kinetics moving line screen can also be accessed from this menu by pressing the key adjacent to
the kinetics moving line icon. The kinetics moving line function enables the initial and final points of
the kinetics experiment to be set, allowing the statistics for this part of the experiment to be analysed
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specifically. This function can be accessed from the statistics menu or from the operating menu by
pressing the key adjacent to the kinetics moving line icon.
In the kinetics moving line screen the initial and final time
lines appear as two vertical lines. The line which is selected
is represented by a dashed line ---- and can be moved
using the keys below the greater than (>) or less than (<)
icons at the bottom of the screen.
Move the dashed line to the point on the x-axis which
is to be the initial time. To select the final time press the
key adjacent to the toggle icon. This will change the initial
line from a dashed line to a solid line. The final time line
will change from a solid line to a dashed line. Use the
keys below the greater than (>) or less than (<) icons to
move the line to the final time on the x-axis by reducing or
increasing in 1 second time intervals.
The double greater than (>>) or double less than (<<) icons move the line in 5 second time intervals.
Once the required initial and final times have been selected
press the key adjacent to the S icon to display the statistics
menu for that portion of the experiment. The information
displayed includes concentration, absorbance per minute
(rate of change), correlation coefficient (r2), start time
absorbance and end time absorbance. If the operating
mode selected was % transmittance then the statistics
will be % transmittance instead of absorbance. To exit the
statistics menu press the key adjacent to the tick icon.
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SECTION 10 – Multi-wavelength
The multi-wavelength measurement mode allows the user to measure a sample’s photometric absorbance
or %transmittance at two, three or four wavelengths. The mode allows the user to select from a number
of pre-set equations to add, subtract, multiply or divide the photometric readings. Following sample
measurement, the photometric readings and the selected equation’s result are displayed on the operating
menu screen.
10.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS
The multi-wavelength operating menu enables
measurement parameters to be changed. The utility
toolbar on the left hand side of the screen enables access
to printing, print setup options, results, methods and
autologging options. For more details on the different
functions of the utility toolbar refer to section 17.
Operating Menu
The Abs/%T icon enables the display to be set to show the absorbance or % transmittance. To change
the display press the key adjacent to the Abs/%T icon. Repeat presses will cycle the display between
absorbance and % transmittance.
The settings icon enables the wavelengths, number of wavelengths, units, resolution, concentration
calculation equation and concentration equation factors to be set.
Print/print settings
Results selection menu
Method selection menu
Autolog menu
10.2 METHOD SET UP
Calibrate
to zero
Fig 10.1.1 - Operating Menu
In this measurement mode all the method set up parameters
are accessed through the settings menu. To open the
settings menu press the key adjacent to the settings icon
in the operating menu.
Measure
sample
Settings
Switch display Abs/%T
Photometric Readings
Concentration
calculation result
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10.2.1 Multi-Wavelength Settings
The settings menu enables the wavelengths, number of wavelengths, units, resolution, concentration
calculation equation and concentration equation factors to be set. Once all of the required settings have
been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the operating menu.
Wavelength 1
Tick icon
Wavelength 2
Wavelength 3
Wavelength 4
Selecting units
Fig 10.2.1.1 - Settings Menu
10.2.1.1 Setting the Number of Wavelengths
The number of measurement wavelengths can be selected by pressing the key adjacent to the number
of wavelengths selection icon. Repeat presses cycle the number of wavelengths through 2, 3 and 4.
10.2.1.2 Setting the Measurement Wavelengths
Concentration
calculation/factors
Number of wavelegths
selection
Selecting
resolution
To adjust the measurement wavelengths press the key
adjacent to the required wavelength number icon. This
will open the number entry screen. Use the keys at the
bottom of the screen to select the digit to be changed,
pressing the key twice to select the second digit. Use the
keys adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease
the number. Once the required wavelength has been
entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save the
changes and return to the settings menu screen.
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10.2.1.3 Changing the Resolution
The resolution of the concentration can be selected from 1, 0.1, 0.01 or 0.001 by repeat presses of the
key below the resolution icon.
10.2.1.4 Selecting Concentration Units
The concentration units can be selected from a number of options: no units, %, ppm, EBC, SRM, mEq/l,
mEq, M, mM, µM, nM, U, U/l, U/ml, g/l, mg/l, µg/l, ng/l, g/dl, mg/dl, µg/dl, mg/ml, µg/ml, ng/ml, µg/µl,
ng/µl, mol/l, mmol/l.
In the settings menu press the key below the units icon
to open the unit selection screen which displays all the
different unit options. Use the keys adjacent to the arrow
icons to navigate around the screen to select the required
units. Once the required units have been highlighted press
the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the
settings menu.
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10.2.1.5 Setting the Concentration Calculation Equation and Factors
In the settings menu press the key adjacent to the
concentration calculation/factors icon. This screen allows
the user to select the required concentration calculation
equation from the following list of options.
1. ∑ = ((xF1*l1) + (x F2*l2))*xF3
2. ∑ = ((xF1*l1) - (x F2*l2))*xF3
3. ∑ = ((xF1*l1) * (x F2*l2))*xF3
4. ∑ = ((xF1*l1) / (x F2*l2))*xF3
Repeat presses of the key adjacent to concentration
calculation icon the will cycle between the options.
The concentration equation factors can be edited by
pressing the key adjacent to the concentration factor icons.
This opens the extended number entry screen. Use the
keys at the bottom of the screen to select the digit to be
changed. The key below the digits must be pressed twice
to select the adjacent digit. For example 00 the first press
of the key alters 10, the second press alters 01. Use the
keys adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease
the selected number. Factor values of 0.001 to 9999.999 can be entered. The factor value can be reset
to one by pressing the key adjacent to the 001 icon. Once the factor has been entered press the key
adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the settings menu. The entered value is displayed in the
settings menu adjacent to the factor icon.
10.3 CALIBRATION
Once the calibration is complete the measure sample icon appears and the sample can be measured.
If one or more wavelengths are adjusted before a sample is measured, the measure sample icon will
disappear and the instrument must be calibrated again at the new wavelengths.
10.4 SAMPLE MEASUREMENT
Insert a cuvette containing the blank solution into the
sample chamber and close the instrument lid. Press the
key below the calibrate to zero absorbance icon. This
will measure the zero absorbance level at each of the
wavelengths specified in the method settings.
Insert a cuvette containing the sample to be analysed into
the sample chamber and press the key below the sample
measurement icon. The instrument will take a reading
at each of the specified wavelengths, the operating
menu screen will then display the result of the selected
measurement calculation and the photometric readings
for each of the measured wavelengths.
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LIFE SCIENCE MENU OPTIONS
SECTION 11 – Concentration Plus
The concentration plus measurement mode enables simple measurements of absorbance, %transmittance
and concentration to be performed. In this measurement mode it is possible to calibrate against a
standard of a known concentration or use a known factor. The sample is measured at one wavelength
at one point in time. There are no post measurement calculations available in this measurement mode.
11.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS
Operating Menu
The Abs/%T icon enables the display to be set to show the absorbance or % transmittance. To change
the display press the key adjacent to the Abs/%T icon. Repeat presses will cycle the display between
absorbance and % transmittance.
The concentration plus operating menu enables
measurement parameters to be changed. The utility
toolbar on the left hand side of the screen enables access
to printing, print setup options, results, methods and
autologging options. For more details on the different
functions of the utility toolbar refer to section 17. The
settings icon enables the wavelength, units, resolution,
standard, factor and dilution factor to be set.
Print/print settings
Results selection menu
Method selection menu
Autolog menu
Calibrate
to zero
Fig 11.1.1 - Operating Menu
11.2 METHOD SETUP
11.2.1 Selecting a Wavelength – Operating Menu
Settings
Switch display Abs/%T
Increase wavelength
Decrease wavelength
Measure
sample
The wavelength can be adjusted in the operating menu
or in the settings menu. To adjust the wavelength in the
operating menu, use the keys adjacent to the arrow icons
to increase or decrease the wavelength.
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11.2.2 Concentration Plus Settings
The concentration plus settings menu enables the wavelength, units, resolution, standard, factor and
dilution factor to be set and is accessed from the operating menu by pressing the key adjacent to the
settings icon. Once all of the required settings have been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon
to save and return to the operating menu.
Tick icon
Standard menu
Setting the
dilution factor
Selecting concentration
units
When setting the method parameters either the standard value or a factor should be entered. The
standard should be used if the factor is not known as selecting this option will calculate the factor. If the
factor is known it is not necessary to measure a known standard’s concentration. When the standard or
factor is not being used the value should be set to 1.00.
11.2.2.1 Selecting a Wavelength – Concentration Plus Settings
Selecting
resolution
Fig 11.2.2.1 – Settings Menu
The wavelength can be adjusted in the settings menu by
pressing the key below the wavelength icon. This will open
a number entry screen.
Factor menu
Selecting a
wavelength
11.2.2.2 Selecting Concentration Units
The units of concentration can be selected from a number of options: no units, %, ppm, EBC, SRM,
mEq/l, mEq, M, mM, µM, nM, U, U/l, U/ml, g/l, mg/l, µg/l, ng/l, g/dl, mg/dl, µg/dl, mg/ml, µg/ml, ng/ml,
µg/µl, ng/µl, mol/l, mmol/l.
Use the keys at the bottom of the screen to select the digit
to be adjusted. The key below the digits must be pressed
twice to select the adjacent digit. Use the keys adjacent to
the arrow icons to increase or decrease the wavelength to
the required number. Press the key adjacent to the tick icon
to save the changes and return to the settings menu.
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11.2.2.3 Changing the Resolution
The resolution that the concentration is displayed as can be selected from 1, 0.1, 0.01 or 0.001 by repeat
presses of the key below the resolution icon in the settings menu.
11.2.2.4 Using a Standard
In the settings menu press the key below the units icon.
This opens the unit selection screen which displays all the
different units. Use the keys adjacent to the arrow icons
to navigate around the screen to select the required units.
Once the required units have been highlighted press the
key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the
settings menu. The selected unit will be displayed in the
operating menu along with absorbance and selected
wavelength.
The standard menu enables the value of a standard to
be entered. This function is accessed by pressing the key
adjacent to the standard icon. This opens the extended
number entry screen. Use the keys at the bottom of the
screen to select the digit to be changed. The key below the
digits must be pressed twice to select the adjacent digit.
For example 00 the first press of the key alters 10, the second press alters 01. Use the keys adjacent to
the arrow icons to increase or decrease the selected number. Standard values from 0.001 to 1000 can be
entered. The standard value can be reset to one by pressing the key adjacent to the 001 icon. Once the
standard value has been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the settings
menu. The entered value is displayed in the settings menu adjacent to the standard icon.
A standard value should only be entered if the factor is not known. If the factor is known the standard
value should be set to 1.000.
11.2.2.5 Using a Factor
For example 00 the first press of the key alters 10, the second press alters 01. Use the keys adjacent to
the arrow icons to increase or decrease the selected number. Factor values of 0.001 to 10,000 can be
entered. The factor value can be reset to one by pressing the key adjacent to the 001 icon. Once the
factor has been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the settings menu.
The entered value is displayed in the settings menu adjacent to the factor icon.
The factor menu enables a factor to be entered. This
function is accessed by pressing the key adjacent to the
factor icon. This opens the extended number entry screen.
Use the keys at the bottom of the screen to select the digit
to be changed. The key below the digits must be pressed
twice to select the adjacent digit.
56
If the factor is not known a standard should be measured in order to calculate the factor. If a standard is
used the factor value should be set to 1.000.
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11.2.2.6 Setting the Dilution Factor
In the settings menu press the key adjacent the dilution
icon. This screen allows the user to input the relative sample
and diluent volumes which have been used to prepare
the sample being measured. Using this information, the
instrument calculates a dilution factor which allows the
instrument to determine and display the concentration of
the original undiluted sample.
The volume of sample is entered by pressing the key
adjacent to the sample volume icon. This will open the
number entry screen. Use the keys at the bottom of the
screen to select the digit to be changed and use the keys
adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease the
number. The value can be reset to one by pressing the key
adjacent to the 001 icon. Once the required volume has
been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save
the changes and return to the settings.
The volume of diluent is entered by pressing the key
adjacent to the diluent volume icon. This will open the
number entry screen. Use the keys at the bottom of the
screen to select the digit to be changed and use the keys
adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease the
number. The value can be reset to zero by pressing the key
adjacent to the 000 icon. Once the required volume has
been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save
the changes and return to the settings.
11.3 CALIBRATION
The calibration must be performed at the same wavelength at which the sample will be measured.
11.3.1 Calibrating to a Standard
After the sample and diluent volumes have been entered
the dilution factor screen will show a summary of the
dilution information entered.
In the concentration plus measurement mode calibrations
against a standard or a factor can be performed following
a zero calibration. If the factor is not known calibration
against a known standard is performed in order to calculate
the factor. However if the factor is known there is no need
to calibrate using a standard.
Insert a cuvette containing the blank solution into the sample chamber and close the instrument lid. Press
the key below the calibrate to zero absorbance icon. The instrument will calibrate to zero absorbance.
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Insert a cuvette containing the standard concentration sample solution into the sample chamber and
close the instrument lid.
Press the key below the calibrate to zero absorbance or
standard icon, this will open another menu with the option
to re-calibrate to zero absorbance or to calibrate to the
previously entered standard value. Press the key adjacent
to the calibrate to standard icon.
If the standard selected requires a factor beyond the range of the instrument the check standard icon
will be displayed.
The instrument will take a reading and calibrate to the
standard concentration. Once the calibration is complete
the sample can be measured using the measure to
standards icon.
11.3.2 Calibrating to a Factor
Insert a cuvette containing the blank solution into the
sample chamber and close the instrument lid. Press the
key below the calibrate to zero absorbance icon. The
instrument will calibrate to zero absorbance. Once the
calibration is complete the sample can be measured using
the measure to factor icon.
11.4 SAMPLE MEASUREMENT
It is not possible to perform sample measurements before the instrument has been calibrated at the
selected wavelength. In this operating mode the type of sample measurement performed depends on
the calibration which has been carried out.
11.4.1 Measuring a Sample After Calibrating to a Standard
Remove the cuvette containing the standard sample and
place a cuvette containing the sample to be measured
in the sample chamber. Close the instrument lid and
press the key below the measure to standard icon. Once
the measurement is complete the concentration and
absorbance values are displayed.
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11.4.2 Measuring a Sample After Calibrating to a Factor
Remove the cuvette containing the blank solution and place
a cuvette containing the sample to be measured in the
sample chamber. Close the instrument lid and press the key
below the measure to factor icon. Once the measurement
is complete the concentration and absorbance values are
displayed.
In order to measure a sample based on a known factor the value for the factor must be entered in the
settings menu before commencing measurement of the sample.
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SECTION 12 – Purity Scan
The purity scan measurement mode enables measurements of absorbance or % transmittance over
a range of wavelengths to be performed. The absorbance or % transmittance at each wavelength
is plotted graphically. Post measurement tools such as peaks and valleys analysis and spectral points
analysis can be performed. This operating mode can be used to check the peak purity of a nucleic acid
sample. This measurement mode’s setup and operations are described in Section 7 of this manual.
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SECTION 13 – Multi-wavelength plus
The multi-wavelength plus measurement mode allows the user to determine the concentration of a
sample using photometric readings at more than one wavelength. The mode will also show the ratio of
two readings; a reading that is commonly used to indicate the purity nucleic acids. The mode includes an
option to include a reference wavelength measurement in the available calculations. Following sample
measurement, the concentration and ratio calculations are displayed on the operating menu screen.
13.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS
The multi-wavelength plus operating menu enables
measurement parameters to be changed. The utility
toolbar on the left hand side of the screen enables access
to printing, print setup options, results, methods and
autologging options. For more details on the different
functions of the utility toolbar refer to section 17.
Operating Menu
The settings icon enables the wavelengths, number of wavelengths, units, resolution, dilution factor,
concentration calculation equation and concentration equation factors to be set. Following the completion
of a multi-wavelength measurement the calculation icon will display the expanded calculations for the
results shown on the operating menu screen and the individual photometric readings.
Print/print settings
Results selection menu
Method selection menu
Autolog menu
13.2 METHOD SET UP
Calibrate
to zero
Fig 13.1.1 - Operating Menu
In this measurement mode all the method set up parameters
are accessed through the settings menu. To open the
settings menu press the key adjacent to the settings icon
in the operating menu.
Measure
sample
Settings
Extended calculation
screen
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13.2.1 Multi-wavelength Plus Settings
The settings menu enables the wavelengths, number of wavelengths, units, resolution, dilution factor,
concentration calculation equation and concentration equation factors to be set. Once all of the required
settings have been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the operating
menu.
Wavelength 1
Wavelength 2
Wavelength 3
Wavelength 4
Selecting units
Fig 13.2.1.1 - Settings Menu
13.2.1.1 Setting the Measurement Wavelengths
Selection
resolution
To adjust the measurement wavelengths press the key
adjacent to the required wavelength number icon. This
will open the number entry screen. Use the keys at the
bottom of the screen to select the digit to be changed,
pressing the key twice to select the second digit. Use the
keys adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease
the number. Once the required wavelength has been
entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save the
changes and return to the settings menu screen.
Tick icon
Concentration
calculation/factors
Reference wavelength
On/Off
13.2.1.2 Changing the Resolution
The resolution of the concentration can be selected from 1, 0.1, 0.01 or 0.001 by repeat presses of the
key below the resolution icon.
13.2.1.3 Selecting Concentration Units
The concentration units can be selected from a number of options: no units, %, ppm, EBC, SRM, mEq/l,
mEq, M, mM, µM, nM, U, U/l, U/ml, g/l, mg/l, µg/l, ng/l, g/dl, mg/dl, µg/dl, mg/ml, µg/ml, ng/ml, µg/µl,
ng/µl, mol/l, mmol/l.
In the settings menu press the key below the units icon
to open the unit selection screen which displays all the
different unit options. Use the keys adjacent to the arrow
icons to navigate around the screen to select the required
units. Once the required units have been highlighted press
the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the
settings menu.
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13.2.1.4 Setting the Dilution Factor
In the settings menu press the key below the dilution icon.
This screen allows the user to input the relative sample
and diluent volumes which have been used to prepare
the sample being measured. Using this information, the
instrument calculates a dilution factor which allows the
instrument to determine and display the concentration of
the original undiluted sample.
The volume of sample is entered by pressing the key
adjacent to the sample volume icon. This will open the
number entry screen. Use the keys at the bottom of the
screen to select the digit to be changed and use the keys
adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease the
number. Once the required volume has been entered press
the key adjacent to the tick icon to save the changes and
return to the settings.
The volume of diluent is entered by pressing the key
adjacent to the diluent volume icon. This will open the
number entry screen. Use the keys at the bottom of the
screen to select the digit to be changed and use the keys
adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease the
number. Once the required volume has been entered press
the key adjacent to the tick icon to save the changes and
return to the settings.
After the sample and diluent volumes have been entered
the dilution factor screen will show a summary of the
dilution information entered.
13.2.1.5 Setting the Reference Wavelength
The reference wavelength will be included in the concentration and ratio calculations when the reference
wavelength icon is showing a tick. When enabled, an additional 4th wavelength will become available
to the user to edit. The wavelength of the reference measurement can be edited in the same manner as
described in section 13.2.1.1.
13.2.1.6 Setting the Concentration Calculation Equation and Factors
In the settings menu press the key adjacent to the
concentration calculation icon. This screen allows the user
to select the required concentration calculation equation
from the following list of options:
1. ∑ = xF1*l1
2. ∑ = (xF1*l1) - (xF2*l2)
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When a reference wavelength is included these equations are modified as follows:
1. ∑ = xF1*(l1-l4)
2. ∑ = (xF1*(l1-l4)) - (xF2*l2)
Repeat presses will cycle through the options available.
the selected number. Factor values of 0.001 to 9999.999 can be entered. The factor value can be reset
to one by pressing the key adjacent to the 001 icon. Once the factor has been entered press the key
adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the settings menu. The entered value is displayed in the
settings menu adjacent to the factor icon.
13.3 CALIBRATION
The concentration equation factors can be edited by
pressing the key adjacent to the concentration factor icons.
This opens the extended number entry screen. Use the
keys at the bottom of the screen to select the digit to be
changed. The key below the digits must be pressed twice
to select the adjacent digit. For example 00 the first press
of the key alters 10, the second press alters 01. Use the
keys adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease
Once the calibration is complete the measure sample icon appears and the sample can be measured. If
the wavelength is adjusted before a sample is measured the measure sample icon will disappear and the
instrument must be calibrated again at the new wavelength.
13.4 SAMPLE MEASUREMENT
Insert a cuvette containing the blank solution into the
sample chamber and close the instrument lid. Press the
key below the calibrate to zero absorbance icon. This
will measure the zero absorbance level at each of the
wavelengths specified in the method settings.
Insert a cuvette containing the sample to be analysed into
the sample chamber and press the key below the sample
measurement icon. The instrument will take a reading at
each of the specified wavelengths and will then show the
calculated concentration and ratio values on the operating
menu screen.
64
Additional information can be viewed by pressing the key
adjacent to the calculation icon. The screen will show the
photometric readings at each of the specified wavelengths
and the full concentration and ratio calculations.
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SECTION 14 – DNA
The DNA measurement mode allows the user to select a method from a list of common nucleic acid
measurement tests, including single wavelength concentration measurements for dsDNA, ssDNA, RNA
and Oligonucleotides and methods that use absorbance ratios for estimating nucleic acid purity, such as
260nm/280nm and 260nm/230nm.
14.1 DNA MENU OPTIONS
Menu Options
14.2 dsDNA
The DNA menu allows the user to select the required
pre-defined method from the list of on-screen options by
pressing the key adjacent to the measurement method that
is required. The dsDNA, ssDNA, RNA and Oligo options
are used to determine the concentration of nucleic acid
samples and the 260/280, 260/230 and VarRatio methods
are used to assess both the purity and concentration of
nucleic acids.
14.3 ssDNA
The dsDNA operating menu enables the concentration of
double stranded DNA to be determined according to the
equation:-
Concentration (μg/ml) = Abs@260nm x 50.0.
The dsDNA settings menu allows the user to adjust
measurement specific parameters such as the dilution
factor and resolution. Other method settings can be altered
if required, but the concentration units are limited to µg/ml
and mg/ml only.
The dsDNA method settings are locked and any changes
will be lost after exiting the mode. See Section 11 for full
instructions on altering the dsDNA menu options and
settings.
The ssDNA operating menu enables the concentration of
single stranded DNA to be determined according to the
equation:-
Operating Menu
Concentration (μg/ml) = Abs@260nm x 37.0.
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14.4 RNA
The ssDNA settings menu allows the user to adjust
measurement specific parameters such as the dilution
factor and resolution. Other method settings can be altered
if required, but the concentration units are limited to µg/ml
and mg/ml only.
The ssDNA method settings are locked and any changes
will be lost after exiting the mode. See Section 11 for
full instructions on altering the ssDNA menu options and
settings.
The RNA operating menu enables the concentration of
RNA to be determined according to the equation:-
Concentration (μg/ml) = Abs@260nm x 40.0.
Operating Menu
14.5 OLIGONUCLEOTIDES
Operating Menu
The RNA settings menu allows the user to adjust
measurement specific parameters such as the dilution
factor and resolution. Other method settings can be altered
if required, but the concentration units are limited to µg/ml
and mg/ml only.
The RNA method settings are locked and any changes
will be lost after exiting the mode. See Section 11 for
full instructions on altering the RNA method options and
settings.
The oligonucleotide operating menu enables the
concentration of a typical oligonucleotide to be determined
according to the equation:-
Concentration (μg/ml) = Abs@260nm x 30.0.
66
The oligonucleotide settings menu allows the user to adjust
measurement specific parameters such as the dilution
factor and resolution. Other method settings can be altered
if required, but the concentration units are limited to µg/ml
and mg/ml only.
The oligonucleotide method settings are locked and any
changes will be lost after exiting the mode. See Section 11
for full instructions on altering the oligonucleotide method
options and settings.
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14.6 260 / 280
The 260/280 operating menu enables the purity and
concentration of DNA to be estimated according to the
following equations:-
Purity Ratio = Abs@260nm / Abs@280nm
Conc (μg/ml) = (Abs@260nm x 62.9) - (Abs@280nm x 36.0)
Operating Menu
The 260/280 settings menu allows the user to adjust
measurement specific parameters such as the dilution factor
and resolution but the concentration units are limited to
µg/ml and mg/ml only. Other method settings, such as the
inclusion of a reference wavelength and the concentration
equation and factors can be altered if required, but the
260/280 method settings are locked and any changes
will be lost after exiting the mode. See Section 13 for full
instructions on altering the 260/280 method options and
settings.
14.7 260 / 230
The 260/230 operating menu enables the purity and
concentration of DNA to be estimated according to the
following equations:-
Purity Ratio = Abs@260nm / Abs@230nm
Conc (μg/ml) = (Abs@260nm x 49.1) - (Abs@230nm x 3.48)
Operating Menu
The 260/230 settings menu allows the user to adjust
measurement specific parameters such as the dilution factor
and resolution but the concentration units are limited to
µg/ml and mg/ml only. Other method settings, such as the
inclusion of a reference wavelength and the concentration
equation and factors can be altered if required, but the
260/280 method settings are locked and any changes
will be lost after exiting the mode. See Section 13 for full
instructions on altering the 260/230 method options and
settings.
14.8 VARIABLE RATIO
Operating Menu
The Variable Ratio operating menu enables the purity and
concentration of DNA to be estimated according to the
following equations:-
Purity Ratio = Abs@Xnm / Abs@Ynm
Conc (μg/ml) = (Abs@Xnm x f1) - (Abs@Ynm x f2)
Where X, Y, f1 and f2 are defined by the user.
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The Variable Ratio settings menu allows the user to adjust
measurement specific parameters such as the dilution
factor and resolution but the concentration units are
limited to µg/ml and mg/ml only. Other method settings,
such as the inclusion of a reference wavelength and the
concentration equation and factors are altered by following
the instructions given in Section 13. The updated method
can be saved for future use by following the instructions
given in Section 17.
14.9 CALIBRATION AND SAMPLE MEASUREMENT
When adjustments to the selected methods measurement parameters are complete insert a cuvette
containing the blank solution into the sample chamber and close the instrument lid. Press the key below
the calibrate to zero absorbance icon.
Remove the cuvette containing the blank solution and place a cuvette containing the sample to be
measured in the sample chamber. Close the instrument lid and press the key below the measure sample
(dsDNA, ssDNA, RNA, Oligonucleotide) or measure to factor icon (260/280, 260/230, Variable Ratio).
Once the measurement is complete the screen will show a summary of the analysis methods results.
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SECTION 15 – Protein
The protein measurement mode allows the user to select a method from a list of common protein assays,
including Pierce 660, BCA, Bradford, Lowry, Biuret and Direct UV
15.1 PROTEIN MENU OPTIONS
Menu Options
15.2 PIERCE 660 ASSAY
The protein menu allows the user to select the required
pre-defined method from the list of on-screen options by
pressing the key adjacent to the measurement method that
is required. The Pierce 660, BCA, Bradford, Lowry, Biuret
options allow the user to construct a calibration curve that
can be used to quantify the protein content of a sample.
The direct UV method uses the absorbance values at 280
and 260nm to estimate the protein content of a sample
according to a standard formula.
The Pierce 660 operating menu enables the user to perform
the Pierce 660 protein assay at the specified wavelength of
660nm.
15.3 BCA ASSAY
Operating Menu
The Pierce 660 settings menu allows the user to adjust
measurement specific parameters such as the number of
standards and result resolution. Other method settings can
be altered if required, but the Pierce 660 method settings
are locked and any changes will be lost after exiting the
mode. See Section 8 for full instructions on altering the
Pierce 660 menu options, settings and creating a new
standard curve.
The BCA operating menu enables the user to perform the
BCA protein assay at the specified wavelength of 562nm.
Operating Menu
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15.4 BRADFORD ASSAY
Operating Menu
The BCA settings menu allows the user to adjust
measurement specific parameters such as the number of
standards and result resolution. Other method settings can
be altered if required, but the BCA method settings are
locked and any changes will be lost after exiting the mode.
See Section 8 for full instructions on altering the BCA menu
options, settings and creating a new standard curve.
The Bradford operating menu enables the user to perform
the Bradford protein assay at the specified wavelength of
595nm.
The Bradford settings menu allows the user to adjust
measurement specific parameters such as the number of
standards and result resolution. Other method settings can
be altered if required, but the Bradford method settings
are locked and any changes will be lost after exiting the
mode. See Section 8 for full instructions on altering the
Bradford menu options, settings and creating a new
standard curve.
15.5 LOWRY ASSAY
Operating Menu
The Lowry operating menu enables the user to perform
the Lowry protein assay at the specified wavelength of
750nm.
The Lowry settings menu allows the user to adjust
measurement specific parameters such as the number of
standards and result resolution. Other method settings
can be altered if required, but the Lowry method settings
are locked and any changes will be lost after exiting the
mode. See Section 8 for full instructions on altering the
Lowry menu options, settings and creating a new standard
curve.
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15.6 BIURET ASSAY
Operating Menu
15.7 DIRECT UV
The Biuret operating menu enables the user to perform
the Biuret protein assay at the specified wavelength of
540nm.
The Biuret settings menu allows the user to adjust
measurement specific parameters such as the number of
standards and result resolution. Other method settings
can be altered if required, but the Biuret method settings
are locked and any changes will be lost after exiting the
mode. See Section 8 for full instructions on altering the
Biuret menu options, settings and creating a new standard
curve.
The direct UV operating menu enables the concentration
and purity of a protein sample to be estimated according
to the following equations:-
Purity Ratio = Abs@280nm / Abs@260nm
Conc(μg/ml) = (Abs@280nm x 1550) - (Abs@260nm x 760)
Operating Menu
The Direct UV settings menu allows the user to adjust
measurement specific parameters such as the dilution factor
and result resolution. Other method settings, such as the
inclusion of a reference wavelength and the concentration
equation/factors can be altered if required, but the Direct
UV method settings are locked and any changes will be
lost after exiting the mode.
See Section 13 for full instructions on altering the Direct UV method options and settings.
15.8 CALIBRATION AND SAMPLE MEASUREMENT
When adjustments to the selected methods measurement parameters are complete insert a cuvette
containing the blank solution into the sample chamber and close the instrument lid. Press the key below
the calibrate to zero absorbance icon.
Remove the cuvette containing the blank solution and place a cuvette containing the sample to be
measured in the sample chamber. Close the instrument lid and press the key below the measure sample
icon. Once the measurement is complete the screen will show a summary of the results.
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SECTION 16 – OD 600
The OD 600 measurement mode enables optical density measurements of cell cultures and broths to be
performed. In this measurement mode it is possible to use a known factor to estimate the number of
cells or the user can determine the factor to be used by measuring a standard solution containing a predetermined number of cells. An instrument normalisation factor can also be applied to equate the results
obtained on different spectrophotometers. The sample solution is measured at one wavelength at one
point in time. There are no post measurement calculations available in this measurement mode.
16.1 MODE SPECIFIC PARAMETERS
Operating Menu
The settings icon enables the wavelength, units, resolution, standard concentration, concentration factor,
instrument factor and dilution factor to be set.
The OD 600 operating menu enables measurement
parameters to be changed. The utility toolbar on the left
hand side of the screen enables access to printing, print
setup options, results, methods and autologging options.
For more details on the different functions of the utility
toolbar refer to section 17.
Print/print settings
Results selection menu
Method selection menu
Autolog menu
16.2 METHOD SETUP
16.2.2 Selecting a Wavelength
Settings
Switch display Abs/%T
Increase wavelength
Decrease wavelength
Calibrate Measure
sample
Fig 16.1.1 - Operating Menu – After Calibration
The wavelength can be adjusted in the operating menu
or in the settings menu. To adjust the wavelength in the
operating menu use the keys adjacent to the arrow icons
to increase or decrease the wavelength.
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16.2.2 Settings
The settings menu enables the wavelength, resolution, standard, factor, instrument factor or dilution
factor to be set and is accessed from the operating menu by pressing the key adjacent to the settings
icon. Once all of the required settings have been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save
and return to the operating menu.
The settings menu is accessed through the operating menu
by pressing the key adjacent to the settings icon. In the
settings menu press the key below the wavelength icon.
This will open a number entry screen. Use the keys at the
bottom of the screen to select the digit to be adjusted.
Use the keys adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or
decrease the wavelength to the required number. Press
the key adjacent to the tick icon to save the changes and
return to the settings menu.
Setting the
dilution factor
When setting the method parameters either the standard or the factor should be selected. The standard
should be used if the factor is not known as selecting this option will calculate the factor. If the factor is
known it is not necessary to measure a known standard’s concentration. When the standard or factor is
not selected the value should be set to 1.00.
16.2.2.1 Using a Standard
Tick icon
Instrument factor menu
Standard menu
Factor menu
Select wavelength
Fig 16.2.2.1 – Settings Menu
The standard menu enables the value of a standard to
be entered. This function is accessed by pressing the key
adjacent to the standard icon. This opens the extended
number entry screen. Use the keys at the bottom of the
screen to select the digit to be changed. The key below the
digits must be pressed twice to select the adjacent digit.
For example 00 the first press of the key alters 10, the second press alters 01. Use the keys adjacent
to the arrow icons to increase or decrease the selected number. Standard values from 0.001e-19 to
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9.999e+19 can be entered. The standard value can be reset to 1.000e+00 by pressing the key adjacent
to the 001 icon. Once the standard value has been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to
save and return to the settings menu. The entered value is displayed in the settings menu adjacent to
the standard icon.
A standard value should only be entered if the factor is not known. If the factor is known the standard
value should be set to 1.000e+00.
16.2.2.2 Using a Factor
For example 00 the first press of the key alters 10, the second press alters 01. Use the keys adjacent to
the arrow icons to increase or decrease the selected number. Factor values of 0.01e-19 to 9.999e+19
can be entered. The factor value can be reset to 1.000e+00 by pressing the key adjacent to the 001
icon. Once the factor has been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the
settings menu. The entered value is displayed in the settings menu adjacent to the factor icon.
The factor menu enables a factor to be entered. This
function is accessed by pressing the key adjacent to the
factor icon. This opens the extended number entry screen.
Use the keys at the bottom of the screen to select the digit
to be changed. The key below the digits must be pressed
twice to select the adjacent digit.
If the factor is not known a standard should be measured in order to calculate the factor. If a standard is
used the factor value should be set to 1.000e+00.
16.2.2.3 Using an Instrument Factor
For example 00 the first press of the key alters 10, the second press alters 01. Use the keys adjacent to
the arrow icons to increase or decrease the selected number. Instrument factor values from 0.001 to
9999.999 can be entered. Once the instrument factor value has been entered press the key adjacent to
the tick icon to save and return to the settings menu. The entered value is displayed in the settings menu
adjacent to the instrument factor icon.
An instrument factor should only be entered if the factor is known. If the factor is not known the
instrument factor should be set to 1.000.
The instrument factor menu enables an instrument
factor to be entered to allow results from different
spectrophotometers to be normalised. This function is
accessed by pressing the key adjacent to the instrument
factor icon. This opens the extended number entry screen.
Use the keys at the bottom of the screen to select the digit
to be changed. The key below the digits must be pressed
twice to select the adjacent digit.
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16.2.2.4 Setting the Dilution Factor
In the settings menu press the key adjacent the dilution
icon. This screen allows the user to input the relative sample
and diluent volumes which have been used to prepare
the sample being measured. Using this information, the
instrument calculates a dilution factor which allows the
instrument to determine and display the concentration of
the original undiluted sample.
The volume of sample is entered by pressing the key
adjacent to the sample volume icon. This will open the
number entry screen. Use the keys at the bottom of the
screen to select the digit to be changed and use the keys
adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease the
number. The value can be reset to one by pressing the key
adjacent to the 001 icon. Once the required volume has
been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save
the changes and return to the settings.
16.3 CALIBRATION
The volume of diluent is entered by pressing the key
adjacent to the diluent volume icon. This will open the
number entry screen. Use the keys at the bottom of the
screen to select the digit to be changed and use the keys
adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease the
number. The value can be reset to zero by pressing the key
adjacent to the 000 icon. Once the required volume has
been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save
the changes and return to the settings.
After the sample and diluent volumes have been entered
the dilution factor screen will show a summary of the
dilution information entered.
In the OD 600 measurement mode calibrations against a
standard or a factor can be performed following a zero
calibration. If the factor is not known calibration against
a known standard is performed in order to calculate the
factor. However if the factor is known there is no need to
calibrate using a standard.
The calibration must be performed at the same wavelength at which the sample will be measured.
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16.3.1 Calibrating to a Standard
Insert a cuvette containing the blank solution into the sample chamber and close the instrument lid. Press
the key below the calibrate to zero absorbance icon. The instrument will calibrate to zero absorbance.
Insert a cuvette containing the standard concentration sample solution into the sample chamber and
close the instrument lid.
If the standard selected requires a factor beyond the range of the instrument the check standard icon
will be displayed.
Press the key below the calibrate to zero absorbance or
standard icon, this will open another menu with the option
to re-calibrate to zero absorbance or to calibrate to the
previously entered standard value. Press the key adjacent
to the calibrate to standard icon.
The instrument will take a reading and calibrate to the
standard concentration. Once the calibration is complete
the sample can be measured using the measure to standard
icon.
16.3.2 Calibrating to a Factor
Insert a cuvette containing the blank solution into the
sample chamber and close the instrument lid. Press the
key below the calibrate to zero absorbance icon. The
instrument will calibrate to zero absorbance. Once the
calibration is complete the sample can be measured using
the measure to factor icon.
16.4 SAMPLE MEASUREMENT
It is not possible to perform sample measurements before the instrument has been calibrated at the
selected wavelength. In this operating mode the type of sample measurement performed depends on
the calibration which has been carried out.
16.4.1 Measuring a Sample After Calibrating to a Standard
Remove the cuvette containing the standard sample and
place a cuvette containing the sample to be measured
in the sample chamber. Close the instrument lid and
press the key below the measure to standard icon. Once
the measurement is complete the concentration and
absorbance values are displayed.
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16.4.2 Measuring a Sample After Calibrating to a Factor
Remove the cuvette containing the blank solution and place
a cuvette containing the sample to be measured in the
sample chamber. Close the instrument lid and press the key
below the measure to factor icon. Once the measurement
is complete the concentration and absorbance values are
displayed.
In order to measure a sample based on a known factor the value for the factor must be entered in the
settings menu before commencing measurement of the sample.
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SECTION 17 – Saving, printing and autologging
The utility toolbar in the operating menu provides access to printing, print setup options, opening, saving
and deleting results and methods and autologging options.
If the method lock has been activated the method selection menu is disabled.
Print/print settings
Results selection menu
Method selection menu
Autolog menu
Fig 17.1 - Operating Menu
17.1 SAVING METHODS
The number of methods that can be saved to the internal memory of the instrument is given in table
17.1. Once the method has been saved to the internal memory the method can be saved directly to a
USB memory stick and opened on another instrument.
Operating Mode Number of Methods
Photometrics 16
Concentration 16
Quantitation 16
Spectrum 16
Kinetics 16
Multi-wavelength 16
Multi-wavelength Plus 48
Concentration Plus 48
Protein 48
Purity Scan 48
Table 17.1 – Method storage capacity (Internal Memory)
17.1.1 Saving Methods To Internal Memory
In the operating menu press the key adjacent to the
method icon to open the method selection menu. Select
the location to save the method by pressing the key
adjacent to the location. Use the keys below the arrow
icons to move page up or down. Press the key below the
save icon to open the method naming menu.
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The default method name will be displayed. To save the
method under the default name press the key adjacent to
the tick icon. To change the name of the method press the
key below the eraser icon. One press of the key will delete
one letter, holding the key for 2 seconds will delete the
name completely.
To select letters use the keys adjacent to the arrow icons to move around the menu. Once the required
letter is highlighted press the key below the pencil icon to select the letter. Up to eight characters can
be selected. To change the letter case or to use numbers in the method name press the key below the
AB icon. Repeat pressing of this key will cycle between upper case, lower case and numbers. Once the
required name for the method has been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save the
method and return to the method selection menu.
If there is already a method saved in the chosen location
confirmation will be needed to replace the existing method
with the new one; press the key adjacent to the tick icon
to confirm replacement. Press the key adjacent to the cross
icon to cancel and return to the method naming menu.
To exit the method naming menu without saving the method press the back key.
17.1.2 Saving Methods to USB Memory Stick
In the operating menu press the key adjacent to the
method icon to open the method selection menu. Select
the method to save to USB memory stick by pressing the
key adjacent to the method location. Use the keys below
the arrow icons to move page up or down. Hold the key
below the save icon for 2 seconds to open the save to USB
memory stick menu.
Either the single method selected or all 16 (or 48) methods
can be saved to USB memory stick. To save a single method
press the key adjacent to the single method save icon. To
save all 16 (or 48) methods press the key adjacent to the 1
- 16 (or 48) method save icon. Press the key adjacent to the
tick icon to confirm saving the method(s) to USB memory
stick. Press the key adjacent to the cross icon to cancel
saving the method(s) to USB memory stick and return to
the method selection screen.
Confirmation will be needed to save the methods to USB
memory stick. Press the key adjacent to the tick icon to
confirm saving the method(s). Press the key adjacent to the
cross icon to cancel and return to the option of saving one
or all of the methods to USB memory stick.
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17.2 OPENING METHODS
Methods can be opened from the internal memory of the instrument or from a USB memory stick.
Before a method can be opened from a USB memory stick it must be saved to the internal memory of
the instrument first.
17.2.1 Opening Methods From Internal Memory
In the operating menu press the key adjacent to the
method icon to open the method selection menu and use
the keys below the arrow icons to move page up or down.
Select the method to open by pressing the key adjacent to
the method location. Press the key below the open icon.
The instrument will return to the current measurement
mode and the method name will be displayed at the top
of the operating menu.
If a method hasn’t been selected it is still possible to calibrate the instrument and take measurements.
17.2.2 Opening Methods From USB Memory Stick
In the operating menu press the key adjacent to the
method icon to open the method selection menu and use
the keys below the arrow icons to move page up or down.
Select an empty location to save the method by pressing
the key adjacent to the location. Hold the key below the
open icon for 2 seconds.
Either a single method or all 16 methods can be opened
from the USB memory stick. Select one method by pressing
the key adjacent to the single method open icon. To open
all methods press the key adjacent to the 1 – 16 (or 48)
method open icon. Press the key adjacent to the tick icon
to confirm selection.
Or press the key adjacent to the cross icon to cancel and return to the method selection screen.
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Confirmation will be needed to open the method(s) as
any existing methods in this measurement mode will be
overwritten. Press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save
over the existing methods. Press the key adjacent to the
cross icon to cancel and return to the option of opening
one or all methods from the USB memory stick. If a single
method is selected to be opened, this method will be
stored in the same location that is was saved in when it
was originally saved to the USB memory stick.
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17.3 DELETING METHODS
17.4 SAVING RESULTS
Results can only be saved if there is a valid USB memory stick inserted into the front of the instrument.
The instruments are supplied with a USB memory stick but other types which may be used include: the
PNY Attache Premium, the Emtec C250, The Kingston Data Traveler G2, the Sony Pocket Bit and the
Integral Flexi.
In the operating menu press the key adjacent to the
method icon to open the method selection menu and use
the keys adjacent to the arrow icons to move page up or
down. Select the method to be deleted by pressing the key
adjacent to the method location and press the key below
the delete icon.
Confirmation will be needed to delete the selected method;
press the key adjacent to the tick icon to confirm deletion.
Press the key adjacent to the cross icon to cancel deletion
and return to the method selection menu.
In the operating menu press the key adjacent to the USB
memory stick icon to open the results selection menu.
If the USB memory stick doesn’t have any results stored
on it only the save icon will be displayed. To save a result
press the key below the save icon. This will open the results
naming menu.
The default result name will be displayed. To save the
result under the default name press the key adjacent to
the tick icon. To change the name of the result press the
key below the eraser icon. One press of the key will delete
one letter, holding the key for 2 seconds will delete the
name completely.
To select letters use the keys adjacent to the arrow icons to move around the menu. Once the required
letter is highlighted press the key below the pencil icon to select the letter. Up to eight characters can be
selected. To use numbers in the results name press the key below the AB icon. Repeat pressing of this
key will cycle between upper case and numbers. Once the required name for the result has been entered
press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the results selection menu.
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The saved results are listed alphabetically with the date
and time that the result was generated.
If there is already a result saved under the same name confirmation will be needed to replace the existing
result with the new one. Press the key adjacent to the tick icon to confirm replacement. Press the key
adjacent to the cross icon to cancel and return to the results naming menu.
In photometrics, concentration, concentration plus, multi-
wavelength and quantitation once a result has been saved
to the USB memory stick the USB memory stick icon
will remain highlighted. Pressing the key adjacent to the
highlighted icon will result in subsequent results being
saved under the same file name. To save the result with a
new filename hold the key adjacent to the highlighted USB
memory stick icon for 2 seconds. This will open the results
naming screen.
17.5 OPENING RESULTS
Results can only be opened if a valid USB memory stick is inserted into the front of the instrument.
In the operating menu press the key adjacent to the USB
memory stick icon to open the results selection menu.
Select the result to be opened by pressing the key adjacent
to the result. Press the key below the open icon.
The result will be displayed on the screen.
The information displayed is specific to the measurement
mode which the result was generated and saved in. Use the
keys below the arrow icons to display more information.
When opening a spectrum or kinetics result the result can
be viewed graphically on an axis or as a text file. To view
the result graphically press the key adjacent to the axis
icon. To view the result as a text file press the key adjacent
to the ABC icon.
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17.6 DELETING RESULTS
Results can only be deleted if a valid USB memory stick is inserted into the front of the instrument.
17.7 PRINTING
In the operating menu press the key adjacent to the USB
memory stick icon to open the results selection menu.
Select the result to be deleted by pressing the key adjacent
to the result. Press the key below the delete icon.
Confirmation will be needed to delete the selected result;
press the key adjacent to the tick icon to confirm deletion.
Press the key adjacent to the cross icon to cancel and return
to the results selection menu.
17.7.1 Print Setup
The utility toolbar in the operating menu enables results
to be printed and print setup options to be set. The print
setup menu enables the destination of the printouts and
language of the printouts to be set. Depending on the
measurement mode the printouts can be customised to
print off post analysis statistics.
Operating Menu
To open the print setup menu hold the key adjacent to the
printer icon for 2 seconds in the operating menu.
To select the language for the printouts press the key
adjacent to English icon. Repeat pressing of the key cycles
the language between English, Français, Deutsche, Espânôl
and Italiano.
The destination of the printouts can be the internal printer or an external serial printer. The results can
only be sent to an external serial printer if there is a serial printer connected to the instrument via the
RS232 serial port. Press the key adjacent to the computer icon to select the external serial printer. The
results can only be sent to the internal printer if there is an internal printer connected. To select the
internal printer for the printout destination press the key adjacent to the printer icon.
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Once the required printout destination and language has been selected press the key adjacent to the tick
icon to save and return to the operating menu.
17.7.1.1 Print Setup – PHOTOMETRICS, CONCENTRATION, MULTIWAVELENGTH AND OD 600
In the photometrics, concentration, multiwavelength and
OD 600 measurement modes the print setup menu does
not contain any additional post analysis statistics.
17.7.1.2 Print Setup - SPECTRUM AND PURITY
In the spectrum and purity measurement mode print setup
menu it is possible to print off the spectral points analysis
table, peaks and valleys data and absorbance or %T values
recorded at certain data intervals. If the data interval is set
to 5 every 5th data point recorded is reported. If no data is
required the data interval can be set to zero.
To select the spectral points analysis table to be printed
press the key adjacent to the spectral table icon. Repeat
presses of the key will cycle between a tick and a cross icon
for selected or deselected. To select the peaks and valleys
data to be printed press the key adjacent to the peaks
and valleys icon. To select the data interval press the key
adjacent to the data interval icon. Repeat presses will cycle
between 0, 1, 2, 5, 10 or 50. Once the required options
have been selected press the key adjacent to the tick icon
to save and exit print setup.
17.7.1.3 Print Setup – QUANTITATION AND PROTEINS
In the quantitation and proteins measurement mode print
setup menu it is possible to print off the statistics for the
standard curve. To select the curve statistics press the key
adjacent to the curve statistics icon. Repeat presses of the
key will cycle between a tick and a cross icon for selected or
deselected. Once the required options have been selected
press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and exit print
setup.
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17.7.1.4 Print Setup – KINETICS
In the kinetics measurement mode print setup menu it is
possible to print off the statistics for the whole kinetics
experiment and the absorbance or % transmittance values
recorded at certain data intervals. If the data interval is set
to 10 every 10th data point recorded is reported. If no data
is required the data interval can be set to zero. To select
the statistics to be printed press the key adjacent to the S
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icon. Repeat presses of the key will cycle between a tick and a cross icon for selected or deselected. To
select the data interval press the key adjacent to the data interval icon. Repeat presses will cycle between
0, 1, 5, 10, 30 or 60 seconds.
Once the required options have been selected press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and exit
print setup.
17.7.2 Printing Results
Results displayed in the operating menu can be printed by
pressing the key adjacent to the printer icon. Any options
selected in the print setup menu will also be reported when
the printer icon is pressed. Depending on the printout
destination selected the result will be sent to the internal
printer or to the external serial printer. If the printer icon
is pressed when there is not a result on the screen the no
result to printer or no result to RS232 icon (depending on
results destination) will flash up on the screen.
Saved results can be printed by pressing the key below the
printer icon. The printout will include the date and time the
result was generated, the user ID and the measurement
parameters.
17.8 AUTOLOGGING
Operating Menu
17.8.1 Setting the Number of Sample Repetitions
The autolog function enables repeat measurements of
the same sample to be performed with a set time period
between each measurement. This produces a batch
of results for the same sample. The autolog function
also enables the results to be autologged to different
destinations. The autolog menu is accessed from the utility
toolbar in the operating menu by pressing the key adjacent
to the autolog icon.
To set the number of repeat measurements of the same
sample press the key below the sample icon and use the
keys adjacent to the arrow icons to increase or decrease
the number of repetitions required. To reset the number to
zero, press and hold the key below the sample icon for 2
seconds and release.
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Once the number of repetitions is increased above zero,
if the results are autologged to a USB memory stick, the
batch ABC icon will be displayed. To assign a batch name
for the repeated measurements press the key below the
batch ABC icon to open the batch naming menu.
The default batch name will be displayed. To save the
batch name under the default name press the key adjacent
to the tick icon. To change the name, press the key below
the eraser icon. One press of the key will delete one
letter, holding the key for 2 seconds will delete the name
completely. To select letters use the keys adjacent to the
arrow icons to move around the menu. Once the required
letter is highlighted press the key below the pencil icon to
select the letter. Up to eight characters can be selected. To use numbers in the batch name press the key
below the AB icon. Repeat pressing of this key will cycle between upper case and numbers. Once the
required name for the batch has been entered press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save and return
to the autolog menu.
To set the time period between each measurement press
the key below the timer icon and use the keys adjacent
to the arrow icons to increase or decrease the time in 1
second intervals. To reset the time to one second press and
hold the key below the timer icon for 2 seconds.
Once the required number of repetitions and time period has been selected press the key adjacent to the
tick icon to save the changes and return to the operating menu.
The number of repetitions and time period will be displayed
below the autolog icon. To commence autologging press
the key below the measure sample icon. Once the first
measurement has been performed the time period starts
counting down until it reaches zero and then the next
measurement will be taken. This will reduce the repetition
number by one. When the number of repetitions reaches
zero autologging is complete. Autologging can be stopped
before all the measurements have been completed by pressing the key adjacent to the autolog icon.
Confirmation will be needed to stop autologging. Press the key adjacent to the tick icon to confirm
stopping autologging or press the key adjacent to the cross icon to continue autologging. If autologging
is stopped before completion the measurements already recorded will be saved under the previously
entered batch name.
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Once a set of results has been autologged to the USB
memory stick when the measure sample key is pressed
again the batch append/delete screen is displayed. Pressing
the key adjacent to the batch append icon enables the
next set of results to be added to the existing batch of
results. Pressing the key adjacent to the batch delete icon
will delete the first set of results and replace them with
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the results that are going to be recorded. Press the key adjacent to the tick icon to confirm selection.
Press the key adjacent to the cross icon to cancel and return to the operating menu.
17.8.2 Selecting Result’s Destination
17.9 LOCKED METHODS
The autolog menu enables the result’s destination to be
set. To select the internal printer press the key adjacent to
the printer icon. This option is only available if an internal
printer is connected. To select the USB memory stick press
the key adjacent to the USB memory stick icon. This option
is only available if a valid USB memory stick is connected
to the instrument. To send the results to an external
instrument such as a PC or a serial printer press the key
adjacent to the computer icon.
The Genova Plus spectrophotometer contains a number of
standard measurement methods that cannot be deleted
from the instrument. These methods are indicated by a
padlock symbol before the method name.
17.10 CONNECTING TO A PC
Connect the interface cable to the RS232 serial port on the rear of the instrument and connect to the
serial port on the PC. The connecting serial port should be configured with the following settings:
9600 baud
8 data bits
No parity
1 stop bit
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SECTION 18 – Accessories and spare parts
18.1 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
Part Code Description of Accessory
660 101 Internal printer
735 401 Automatic 8 cell turret
735 201 Sipper pump
735 301 Peltier
735 701 Combined sipper Peltier
630 204 10x10mm path length cuvette holder
637 071 16/24mm test tube holder
630 005 10 x 100mm path length cuvette holder
630 304 Micro-cuvette holder with reduced aperture
736 201 Water heated 10x10 single cell holder
035 088 Visible calibration set
035 091 UV/Visible calibration set
060 422 Moulded cuvette rack for 16 10x10mm cuvettes
735 001 Dust cover
019 146 4GB USB memory sticks for external memory
035 262 TrayCell for ultra-micro sample volumes
035 143 Pack of 100 disposable micro-cuvettes (70µl)
18.2 CONNECTING THE ACCESSORIES
There are two types of accessories which can be fitted in the sample chamber – passive or active accessories.
The range of passive accessories includes 10 x 10mm single cuvette holders, single water heated cuvette
holders, adjustable path length (10 to 100 mm) cuvette holders, test tube holders and micro-cuvette
holders. The range of active accessories includes an automated 8 cell changer, sipper pump, Peltier and
combined Peltier sipper pump. The instrument must be turned off before any accessories are fitted.
18.2.1 Internal Printer
Clips
Use a small screw driver to lift the blanking panel on the
top of the instrument. Squeeze the two clips in order to
remove the blanking panel. Disconnect the printer wires
which are secured to the underside of the blanking plate.
Unpack the printer from the packaging. Turn the printer
upside down and connect the printer wires by clipping into
the connector on the printer.
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18.2.2 Passive Accessories
Squeeze the grey plastic clips together so that the printer
top opens. Slot the printer into the top of the instrument
and push down until it fits flush to all four sides.
Insert the paper roll into the printer – ensuring that there
is some paper sticking out of the printer before clicking
the grey plastic back into place. Switch the instrument on.
The power and error lights on the printer will flash. Once
the instrument power on tests are complete press the feed
button to check that the paper is fed correctly.
18.2.3 Active Accessories
Unscrew the thumb screw to undo the passive accessory. Lift
out the passive accessory. To fit a different passive accessory
simply place the accessory in the correct orientation, align
the thumb screw and tighten to fix in place.
To replace the passive accessory with an active accessory
refer to section 18.2.3.
Thumb screw
Unscrew the thumb screw to undo the passive accessory.
Lift out the passive accessory. To fit an active accessory
unscrew screws 1 to 4 and lift out the metal base plate.
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18.2.3.1 Automatic 8 cell turret
This will expose the bottom of the sample chamber with
the power supply connection needed to operate the active
accessories.
Take the 8 cell turret base plate. Connect the power supply
in the bottom of the sample chamber to the connector on
the underside of the base plate. Place the base plate in the
sample chamber. Replace screws 1 to 4.
Take the 8 cell carousel and place on top of the motor,
taking care to align the three ball bearings with the grooves
on the motor shaft. Gently push the carousel down onto
the motor shaft until it is located into place. Gently rotate
the carousel until there is some resistance. The carousel is
now in the correct position.
18.2.3.2 Peltier
If the fitting is too tight use a small screw driver to loosen
the ball bearings before pushing the carousel down onto
the shaft.
For this accessory as well as removing the passive accessory
base plate, the front panel of the instrument must also be
removed. Loosen screws 5 and 6 until the front panel can
be lifted out in the forwards direction.
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5 6
Take the Peltier base plate. Connect the power supply in
the bottom of the sample chamber to the connector on
the underside of the base plate. Place the base plate in the
sample chamber. Replace screws 1 to 4. Take the Peltier
front panel and slot into place before retightening screws
5 and 6.
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18.2.3.3 Sipper pump
When the accessory is fitted the instrument will look like
this.
For this accessory as well as removing the passive accessory
base plate, the front panel of the instrument must also be
removed. Loosen screws 5 and 6 until the front panel can
be lifted out in the forwards direction.
5 6
Bi directional
flow A
(sipping)
Bi directional
flow B
(pumping)
Take the sipper base plate. Connect the power supply in
the bottom of the sample chamber to the connector on
the underside of the base plate. Place the base plate in the
sample chamber. Replace screws 1 to 4. Take the sipper
front panel and slot into place before retightening screws
5 and 6.
The tubing should be connected depending on the function
that the sipper pump is going to perform. All tubing must
be kept as short as possible and the tubing must not be
allowed to obstruct the ligth path.
Continuous
flow
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For sipping:
1. Connect the sipper pump tubing to the outlet port on
the flow-through cuvette.
2. Secure the tubing using the clip on the righthand side
of the pump head.
3. Ease the tubing round the rollers by carefully rotating
them clockwise, by hand. Clamp the tubing into the clip
on the left hand side of the motor.
4. Once secured, ensure the tubing is routed into the two
retaining clips located on the base plate at the side of the
pump head.
5. Cut the tubing at the point where it fits comfortably
onto the left hand tube located on the inside of the front
bulk head.
6. Connect a suitable length of this tubing to the external
waste pipe.
7. Cut a small length of the sipper pump tube and push
this over one end of the capillary tube. Connect this to the
inlet port of the flow-through cuvette.
8. Route the tube into the two retaining clips located on
the base plate at the side of the pump head.
9. Fit the sipper probe and secure using the thumbscrew.
Feed the capillary tubing through the tube and up through
the sipper probe, allowing sufficient length for it to pass
into a suitable receptacle.
For pumping:
1. Cut two pieces of sipper pump tubing approximately
300mm in length. Take one length of tubing and fit this to
the pump head, as shown, securing the tubing using the
clip on the right hand side of the pump head.
2. Ease the tubing round the rollers carefully rotating them
clockwise, by hand. Clamp the tubing into the clip on the
left hand side of the motor.
3. Fit the other end onto the inlet port on the flow-through
cuvette.
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4. Fit the second 300mm length of tubing to the outlet
port of the flow-through cuvette. Once secured, ensure
the tubing is routed into the two retaining clips located on
the base plate at the side of the pump head.
5. Fit the other end of the tubing onto the outlet port,
located on the inside of the front bulkhead.
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6. Connect a suitable length of sipper pump tubing to the
external outlet port.
7. Insert one end of the capillary tube into the sipper pump
tubing, as shown.
8. Feed the other end through the inlet port located on the
inside of the bulkhead.
9. Fit the sipper probe and secure using the thumbscrew.
10. Carefully feed the tubing through the sipper probe,
allowing sufficient length for it to pass into a suitable
receptacle.
When the sipper accessory has been fitted and the tubing
has been connected the instrument will look like this.
18.2.3.4 Combined sipper Peltier pump
Refer to section 18.2.3.3 for more details.
18.3 USING THE ACCESSORIES
18.3.1 Automatic 8 cell turret
To perform measurements using the automatic 8 cell turret, insert the cuvettes containing the samples
into turret positions 1 to 7. Insert the cuvette containing the blank solution into turret position 0. Enter
the required measurement mode and set up the required measurement parameters. Press the key below
the calibrate to zero icon. The instrument will automatically move the turret around to position zero to
perform the measurement. Once the calibration is complete the measure sample icon will appear and
the turret will return to its original starting position.
When the automatic 8 cell turret is in use the 8 cell turret
icon is displayed in the bottom right hand corner of the
screen. The current cell position is displayed adjacent to
the 8 cell turret icon. The 0 position should always be used
for the zero calibration sample.
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Press the key below the 8 cell turret icon to highlight the
icon and the two arrow icons above. Press the keys adjacent
to the arrow icons to increase or decrease the current cell
position of the turret, until the required sample position
has been selected. Press the key below the measure sample
icon. The instrument will perform a reading and display the
result on the screen. To measure the next sample select the
next turret position and press the key below the measure
sample icon. Repeat this process until all the samples have been measured. To adjust the wavelength
press the key below the 8 cell turret icon and use the arrow icons to adjust the wavelength.
18.3.1.1 Automatic 8 cell turret – supporting creation of a standard curve in quantitation
The 8 cell turret can be used to support creation of a new standard curve in the quantitation and protein
measurement modes. Refer to section 8.2.2.2 for more details.
When the standard measurement screen is open the 8
cell turret icon will be displayed in the bottom left hand
corner of the screen. The current cell position is displayed
adjacent to the 8 cell turret icon. The 0 position should
always be used for the zero calibration sample.
To measure the standards using the automatic 8 cell turret, insert the cuvettes containing the standards
into turret positions 1 to 7 (if greater than 7 standards are being used the cuvettes containing standards
8 to 12 must be inserted into the turret after the earlier standards have been measured). Insert the
cuvette containing the blank solution into turret position 0. Press the key adjacent to the tick icon to
perform an initial calibration to zero absorbance.
Use the keys adjacent to the arrow icons to increase the turret position, until the required standard
position has been selected. Press the key adjacent to the tick icon to measure the standard. The standard
concentration and photometric value will then be displayed. The standard can be re-measured by pressing
the key adjacent to the back icon.
To measure the next standard select the next turret position and press the key adjacent to tick icon.
Repeat this process until all the standards have been measured.
18.3.2 Peltier
When the Peltier is in use the Peltier icon is displayed in
the bottom right hand corner of the screen. The current
temperature is displayed above the set point temperature
adjacent to the Peltier icon. An arrow icon is displayed
above or below the Peltier icon depending on if the current
temperature is above or below the set temperature. To
adjust the set point temperature hold the key below the
Peltier icon for 2 seconds.
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18.3.3 Sipper pump
This opens the Peltier settings screen. Use the keys at the
bottom of the screen to select the digit to be changed and
use the arrow icons to increase or decrease the number.
The temperature can be set in °C or °F by pressing the key
adjacent to the °C icon.
Repeat presses will cycle between °C and °F. Once the
required temperature has been selected press the key
adjacent to the tick icon to save and return to the operating
menu. The Peltier will begin to heat or cool depending on
the current temperature.
When the sipper is in use the sipper pump icon is displayed
in the bottom right hand corner of the screen. The sipper
pump can operate in manual or timed mode, depending
on the option selected in sipper pump settings. If the
manual mode is selected an arrow icon indicating pump
direction will be displayed below the sipper pump icon.
18.3.3.1 Manual Sipper Pump Settings
If the timed mode is selected a clock icon will be displayed
adjacent to the sipper pump icon.
To open the sipper pump settings hold the key below the
sipper pump icon for 2 seconds.
To operate the sipper pump in manual mode press the key
adjacent to the manual sipper icon. Select the preferred
pump direction by pressing the key below the forwards or
backwards arrow. Press the key adjacent to the tick icon to
save and return to the expanded operating menu.
To perform a measurement place the sipper tubing into the
sample and press the key below the sipper pump icon.
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18.3.3.2 Timed Sipper Pump Settings
Confirmation will be needed to start the sipper pump.
Press the key adjacent to the tick icon to confirm and start
the sipper pump. Press the key adjacent to the cross icon
to cancel and return to the expanded operating menu.
To stop the sipper pump press the key adjacent to the
stop icon. Ensure that the flow through cuvette contains
enough sample before pressing the key below the measure
sample icon.
To operate the sipper pump in timed mode press the key
adjacent to the timed sipper pump icon.
Press the key below the calibrate timed sipper icon. Select
the required pump direction by pressing the key below the
forwards or backwards arrow. Press the key adjacent to the
tick icon to continue to the next stage of the calibration
sequence.
Insert the inlet tubing into the sample container and press
the key adjacent to the single greater than icon. The sipper
pump will start and the sample will be pumped through
the tubing to the flow through cuvette. It is possible to
skip this setup stage by pressing the key adjacent to the
double greater than icon.
Once the cuvette is full press the key adjacent to the stop
icon to stop the sipper pump. The time taken for sample
uptake is recorded.
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To fine tune the amount of sample uptake press the key
below the plus or minus icon to increase or decrease the
amount of sample taken up. The recorded time will be
adjusted accordingly. Once the fine tuning is complete, or
if none is required, press the key adjacent to the tick icon
to move to the next stage of the calibration sequence.
This stage allows an air gap to be added to the calibration
sequence. If an air gap is not required press the key below
the 000 icon to set the air gap to zero. If a previously
programmed air gap is to be used press the key adjacent
to the double greater than icon to skip this stage and
retain the current air gap time.
To program an air gap remove the inlet tubing from the sample container and press the key adjacent to
the single greater than icon. The sipper pump will start and air will be pumped through the tubing to
the flow through cell.
Once the required amount of air has been taken up press
the key adjacent to the stop icon. The time taken for air
uptake is recorded.
To fine tune the amount of air uptake press the key
below the plus or minus icon to increase or decrease the
amount of air taken in. The recorded time will be adjusted
accordingly. Once the fine tuning is complete, or if none is
required press the key adjacent to the tick icon to move to
the next stage of the calibration sequence.
Once the sample uptake and air gap have been programmed
the preferred disposal of the sample can be set. There
are two options, the sample can either be sent back to
the sample container or it can be sent to waste. Press
the key below the forward or backward arrow to select
what happens to the sample after measurement. If the
original pump direction selected was forwards, selecting
the forwards direction at this stage will send the sample to
waste and selecting the backwards direction will send the sample back to the sample container. Once
the required direction has been selected press the key adjacent to the tick icon to save the calibration
sequence and return to the operating menu. To exit the sipper calibration sequence without saving any
changes press the back key at any point during the calibration sequence.
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To perform a measurement place the sipper tubing into the
sample and press the key below the sipper pump icon.
Confirmation will be needed to start the sipper pump. Press
the key adjacent to the cross icon to cancel and return to
the operating menu. Press the key adjacent to the tick icon
to confirm and start the sipper pump. The pump will run
for the previously recorded sample take up time. Ensure
that the flow through cuvette contains enough sample
before pressing the key below the measure sample icon.
Once the measurement has been performed remove the tubing from the sample and press the key
below the sipper pump icon to perform the next stage of the calibration sequence.
Confirmation will be needed to start the sipper pump. Press
the key adjacent to the cross icon to cancel and return to
the operating menu. Press the key adjacent to the tick icon
to confirm and start the sipper pump. The pump will run
for the previously recorded air gap take up time.
If an air gap of zero was previously selected this screen will not appear and the calibration sequence will
continue to sample disposal.
18.3.4 Combined sipper Peltier
combines the functionality of the Peltier and sipper pump. To open the sipper Peltier settings hold the
key below the sipper Peltier icon for 2 seconds.
Once this stage of the calibration sequence is complete
press the key below the sipper pump icon to dispose of the
sample. Confirmation will be needed to start the sipper
pump. Press the key adjacent to the cross icon to cancel
and return to the operating menu. Press the key adjacent
to the tick icon to confirm and start the sipper pump.
Depending on the disposal route previously selected
the sample will either go to drain or back to the sample
container.
When the combined sipper Peltier is in use the sipper
Peltier icon is displayed in the bottom right hand corner of
the screen. The current temperature is displayed above the
set point temperature adjacent to the sipper Peltier icon.
Adjacent to the Peltier icon is an arrow to indicate if the
current temperature is below or above the set temperature.
The pump direction is displayed by an arrow icon below
the sipper Peltier icon. The combined sipper Peltier pump
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