Garmin GPS 100AVD User Manual

GPS 100 A VD

PERSONAL NAVIGATOR

OWNER'S MANUAL

TM

GARMIN

GPS 100 A VD

Personal Navigator

OWNER'S MANUAL

TM

© 1992 GARMIN, 9875 Widmer Road, Lenexa, KS 66215
Printed in Taiwan.
All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted

in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy­ing and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of
GARMIN.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN
reserves the right to change or improve their products and to make changes
in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such
changes or improvements.

October, 1992 190-00012-00 Rev. B

PREFACE

GARMIN thanks you for selecting the industry’s first high performance, full
featured Personal NavigatorTM. The GPS 100 represents our commitment to
provide you with a portable navigation unit that is versatile, extremely
accurate, and easy to use. We are confident you will enjoy using your unit
for many years to come.

The GPS 100's rugged construction and quality components offer the
reliability demanded by the harshest operating environments. It may be used
in marine, aviation, and land vehicles as well as by hunters, hikers, and
military forces. The unit may be operated portably using its own battery pack,
or it may use a 12V or 24V external power source for fixed mounted
applications. You can even use a 115V or 230V battery charger for planning
trips at home.

This manual and accompanying quick reference card provide complete
information on safely operating the GPS 100 to its full potential. An exciting
practice trip has been planned for you to practice your navigation skills using
the built-in simulator. Afterwards try a trip of your own to realize the value of
the GPS 100 as your Personal NavigatorTM. If you have any questions or
comments, our Customer Support Department is eager to serve you.
GARMIN is fully committed to your satisfaction as a customer.

GARMIN International, Inc.
9875 Widmer Road
Lenexa, KS 66215

i

CAUTION

The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States which
is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is under
development and is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and
performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 100 is a precision
electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or
misinterpreted, and therefore become unsafe. Use the GPS 100 at your own
risk. To reduce the risk, carefully review and understand all aspects of this
Owner's Manual and thoroughly practice operation using the simulator mode
prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from
the GPS 100 to all available navigation sources including the information
from other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve
any discrepancies before continuing navigation.

The altitude calculated by the GPS 100 AVD is geometric height above mean
sea level and could vary significantly from altitude displayed by pressure
altimeters in aircraft. NEVER use GPS altitude for vertical navigation.

The Jeppesen database incorporated in the GPS 100 AVD must be updated
regularly in order to ensure that its information is current. GARMIN issues
an update approximately every 28 days. Contact GARMIN or your local
GARMIN aviation dealer for more information on GPS 100 AVD database
updates. Pilots using an out-of-date database do so entirely at their own risk.

NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and
can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance
with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off
and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or
more of the following measures:

· Re-orient or relocate the receiving antenna.

· Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

· Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from
that to which the receiver is connected.

· Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

ii

T ABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

1 INTRODUCING THE GARMIN GPS 100 1-1

1.1 GPS 100 Capabilities 1-1

1.2 Aviation Database 1-2

1.3 Basic Package 1-3

1.4 Optional Accessories 1-4

1.5 Operational Modes 1-5

2 GETTING STARTED—GPS 100 FUNDAMENTALS 2-1

2.1 Keypad Operation 2-2

2.2 Entering Data 2-4

2.3 Viewing Messages 2-5

3 INITIALIZATION 3-1
4 WAYPOINTS 4-1

4.1 Waypoint Definition 4-2

4.2 Creating Waypoints 4-3

4.3 Using Waypoints 4-5

4.4 Using Waypoints by Scanning 4-6

4.5 Reviewing Waypoints 4-8

4.6 Modifying Waypoints 4-8

4.7 Nearest Waypoints 4-9

4.8 Proximity Alarm Waypoints 4-10

4.9 User Waypoint Catalog 4-11

5 NAVIGATION INFORMATION 5-1

5.1 CDI and Navigation Summary 5-2

5.2 Present Position 5-5

6 GETTING THERE FAST — GOTO 6-1

iii

7 ROUTES 7-1

7.1 Navigating Using Routes 7-2

7.2 Route Catalog 7-3

7.3 Editing Routes 7-4

7.4 Activating Routes 7-5

7.5 Deleting Routes 7-7

7.6 Closest Point of Approach 7-7

8 AutoStore

TM

8-1

9 TRIP PLANNING 9-1

9.1 Trip Planning 9-1

9.2 Fuel Planning 9-2

9.3 Density Altitude/TAS 9-3

9.4 Wind Aloft 9-4

9.5 Vertical Navigation Planning 9-5

10 DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS 10-1

10.1 Date and Time 10-1

10.2 Alarm Clocks 10-2

10.3 Event Timers 10-3

10.4 Sunrise/Sunset 10-5

10.5 Battery Timer 10-5

11 GPS STATUS AND UNIT CUSTOMIZATION 11-1

11.1 GPS Status 11-2

11.2 User Selectable Alarms 11-3

11.3 CDI Settings 11-5

11.4 Offset Navigation/Magnetic Variation 11-6

11.5 Audio/Display Characteristics 11-8

11.6 Navigation Display Units 11-9

11.7 Map Datum/Interface 11-11

11.8 Waypoint/Route Transfer 11-12

iv

12 ADVANCED FEATURES 12-1

12.1 Building Routes Using AutoStore

TM

12-1

12.2 Parallel Offset Navigation 12-2

12.3 Course To Steer (CTS) 12-3

12.4 Vertical Navigation 12-4

12.5 Closest Point of Approach 12-5

13 MESSAGES 13-1
14 INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14-1

14.1 Specifications 14-1

14.2 Aviation Rack Operation 14-2

14.3 Aviation Interface Setup 14-3

14.4 Pre-Flight Checkout Procedure 14-3

14.5 Marine/Mobile Electrical Wiring (Optional) 14-4

14.6 Gimbal Bracket Installation (Optional) 14-6

14.7 Slide Mount Operation (Optional) 14-7

14.8 Battery Pack Operation 14-10

14.9 Maintenance 14-10

14.10 Customer Support 14-11

15 SAMPLE SIMULATED TRIP 15-1

APPENDIX

A GPS — HOW DOES IT WORK? A-1

A.1 GPS Overview A-1
A.2 Coverage and Accuracy A-1
A.3 GPS Receiver Designs A-2

B ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS B-1

C LOCAL TIME TO UTC TIME CONVERSION C-1

D DATABASE REGION COUNTRY TABLE D-1
E INDEX E-1

v

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCING THE GARMIN GPS 100

1.1 GPS 100 CAPABILITIES

The GPS 100 provides a host of powerful capabilities which were previously
unavailable or found only in much larger and more expensive systems:

· Performance: State-of-the-art MultiTracTM receiver tracks up to
eight satellites while providing high receiver sensitivity, fast first fix,
and continuous navigation updates.

· Portability: Goes where you go - on land, sea, or in the air. The built­in simulator allows you to plan your next trip or hone your navigation
skills at home or in your office.

· Navigation: Illuminated keypad and display provide the navigation
information you need at a glance. Store up to 100 alphanumeric
waypoints and 10 reversible routes. The GOTO function sets an
instantaneous course to the waypoint of your choice. The AutoStore
function helps you build routes as you go. A flashing Message
Annunciator and an audible message tone keep you fully informed of
your navigation status.

TM

· Personalized: Configure your unit the way you like by selecting
nautical units, Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) sensitivity, keypad
and display features, map datums, and interface options.

· Low Power Consumption: Battery Saver operation, which draws
less than 250 milliamps of current, provides 14 hours of continuous
operation with six AA size alkaline batteries. The QuickFixTM mode
provides on demand position fixes in as little as 15 seconds and over
100 hours of battery life at four fixes per hour.

· Trip Planning: Analyze distance, time, and fuel requirements for
your trip. Compute the time of sunrise and sunset at your destination.
Calculate density altitude before you take off, and true airspeed as you
fly. Vertical navigation guides you to your cruise altitude and puts you
in the traffic pattern before landing.

1-1

· Multi-purpose Alarms: Dual alarm clocks and timers allow the GPS
100 to watch the clock for you. Arrival, anchor drag, CDI, and hazard
alerts help you safely navigate your craft.

· Offset navigation: The offset navigation feature allows you to
traverse your route a fixed distance left or right from a defined course.

· Interfaces: Interface with marine or aviation autopilots and graphical
plotters. Down load waypoints and routes to your PC for permanent
record.

We encourage you to read this manual and experiment using the built-in
simulator. This will help you quickly master the features of the GPS 100.

1.2 AVIATION DATABASE

The GPS 100 AVD features a built-in Jeppesen NavData® database providing
direct access to either North America, International or Worldwide navigational
information. When the GPS 100 AVD is turned on, the display will show
which database the unit contains. Information contained in the databases is
as follows:

· Airports: Identifier, latitude, longitude, elevation, and nearest VOR.

· VORs: Identifier, latitude, longitude, frequency, and co-located DME
(or TACAN) indication.

· NDBs: Identifier, latitude, longitude, and frequency.

· Intersections: Identifier, latitude, longitude, and nearest VOR.

The North American and International Databases contain this information for
all intersections, NDBs and VORs and most public use airports with runways
of 1,000 feet or greater. The North American Database covers Canada, the
continental United States, Alaska, Mexico, Central America, and the Bahamas.
The International Database covers the entire world except for the area
covered by the North American Database.

The Worldwide Database contains information for most public use airports
with runways of 1,000 feet or greater, all VORs, NDBs, named outer markers
and named final approach fixes for the entire world.

1-2

The GPS 100 AVD database may be updated by a GARMIN authorized
service center on a one-time basis or every 28 days by subscription service.
Contact GARMIN or your local GARMIN aviation dealer for more information
on GPS 100 AVD database updates.

1.3 BASIC PACKAGE

Your GARMIN GPS 100 AVD basic package includes:

· GPS 100 AVD Unit

· Rechargeable Battery Pack

· 115V/230V Battery Charger

· Aviation Installation and Antenna Kit

· Owner's Manual

· Quick Reference Card

· Warranty Card

Aviation Operation:

An Aviation Kit is supplied for installation of your GPS 100 in an aircraft. This
kit includes a low drag antenna, 15 feet of low-loss antenna cable, and a
mounting rack. The mounting rack contains an electronic module which will
provide interfaces with an external annunciator, CDI, autopilot, and graphic
display units. While using aircraft power, you may wish to leave the battery
pack in the unit. Aircraft power will automatically maintain the rechargeable
battery pack at full capacity. In the event of aircraft power failure, the GPS
100 will automatically switch to battery power.

Take Home Planning:

The basic package allows you to do trip planning at home. The unit may be
operated from external AC power using the battery charger, or using the
rechargeable battery pack. (NOTE: This battery pack is permanently sealed
and should never be opened.)

1-3

1.4 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES

The following optional accessories are available for your specific needs:

· Portable Antenna

· Magnetic Mount Antenna

· Marine/RV Remote Antenna Kit

· Marine/Mobile Mounting Kit

· Personal Computer Kit

· Carrying Case

· AA Size Battery Pack

· Data Transfer Cable (unit-to-unit)

Handheld Operation:

A portable antenna is available for handheld operation. In order to track GPS
satellites, the unit must be situated with the antenna pointed straight up and
should not be blocked by objects or people (signal reception through thin
fabric such as canvas may be adequate but degraded). A wrist strap can
be connected to the eyelet on the back of the unit to prevent accidental
dropping of your GPS 100.

Gimbal Mount Operation:

A Marine/Mobile Mounting Kit, which includes a gimbal mount and power/
data cable, is available for fixed installation in a boat or land vehicle. The unit
may be operated using vehicle power through the power/data cable or it may
be operated using the battery pack.

In addition to supplying power to the unit, the power/data cable allows you to
interface your GPS 100 with marine electronic devices such as plotters or
autopilots (see Section 14.5 for more information on electrical wiring).

Marine/RV Operation:

A Marine/RV Remote Antenna Kit is available for those installations that
require an external antenna for an unobstructed view of the sky. This kit
includes a remote weather-proof antenna and 30 feet of low-loss antenna
cable.

The remote antenna has been constructed to thread onto a standard 1"
antenna mount. Antenna mounts, commonly used to attach VHF radio

1-4

antennas and Loran-C couplers, are readily available from your local marine
accessories dealer.

A Magnetic Mount Antenna Kit is available for temporary attachment of the
GPS 100 antenna to a metallic surface. This kit includes a remote weather­proof antenna and 10 feet of low-loss antenna cable.

Personal Computer Kit:

A Personal Computer Kit is available for real-time track plotting/map generation
and downloading of almanac, waypoints, and routes. Perform satellite
visibility computations and useful DXF format conversion for interfacing to
various CAD and GIS (Geographical Information System) programs.
Waypoints and routes may be uploaded from a PC back to your GPS 100
using this kit.

Data Transfer Cable:

A data transfer cable is available to transfer waypoints and routes from one
GPS 100 to another. This cable comes complete with GPS 100 connectors
and can be used in conjunction with the battery charger.

Carrying Case:

A carrying case is available for convenient storage or transportation of your
GPS 100. This case can be worn on your belt or over the shoulder. A utility
pocket is provided for storing spare battery packs as well as other small
items. The unit may be operated directly from the case by unzipping the top
and bottom zippers and raising the antenna.

AA Size Battery Pack:

A AA size battery pack is available if you wish to use disposable batteries for
GPS 100 operation. The AA battery pack should be filled with six high quality
alkaline batteries commonly found at retail stores.

1.5 OPERATIONAL MODES

If your GPS 100 is powered by an external source, it will provide continuous
navigation updates. Typical time to first fix is less than 2.5 minutes. (If you
have used your unit within the hour, it may take as little as 15 seconds.)

1-5

If your GPS 100 is powered by the battery charger or a battery pack, you may
select one of four operational modes:

Normal mode offers continuous position updates as if you were using an
external power source. The GPS 100 will typically operate 8 hours on a
single pack of alkaline batteries, or 5 hours using the rechargeable battery
pack.

Battery Saver mode, suitable for most applications, offers position updates
that adapt to your needs while extending battery life. The GPS 100 will
typically operate 14 hours on a single pack of alkaline batteries, or 8 hours
using the rechargeable battery pack.

QuickFixTM mode offers the convenience of quick, on demand position

updates and extended battery life for surface navigation users. A single pack
of alkaline batteries will last over 100 hours at four fixes per hour. After your
position has been calculated, you may turn the unit off or the unit will
automatically turn off two minutes after the last keypress. When you are
ready for a new position fix, simply turn the unit on. The GPS 100 will quickly
re-acquire satellites and calculate a new position. To manually cancel
QuickFixTM mode, turn the unit off prior to obtaining a position fix. If you have
not requested a new position fix for 30 minutes, the QuickFixTM mode will be
cancelled automatically.

Simulator mode allows you to simulate the operation of the GPS 100 while
at home or in your office. The simulator mode can be used while learning to
use your GPS 100 and is ideal for planning routes and entering waypoints.
Keep in mind that the GPS 100 is not tracking satellites in the simulator mode.
You should never attempt to use the simulator mode for actual navigation.

1-6

CHAPTER 2

GETTING STARTED — GPS 100 FUNDAMENTALS

The front panel consists of a 3- line, 22- character LCD display and 21 keys.
Both the display and keypad are illuminated for your convenience while
operating in the darkness.

Flashing “M” character for new mes­sages; steady “M” if messages remain
on the Message page after you view
them.

No “M” character if no messages.

Information displayed on the LCD is commonly referred to as a “page”.
Notice the “M” character in the upper right-hand corner of the display
illustrated above. This symbol is known as the Message Annunciator and will
flash if the GPS 100 wishes to tell you something. The unit also contains an
internal tone generator that will sound with the flashing Message Annunciator
(if your unit is connected to an external alarm system, it will also be activated).

2-1

Cursor on Alpha Numeric Field Numeric Field

Confirmation Field Cursor on Cyclic Field

The area of the page with light characters and dark background is called the
cursor. The cursor may be moved to locations on the page called fields. A
field is a group of characters treated as a single unit of information which allow
you to enter data. You will encounter four types of fields.

Numeric fields accept numbers. For example, you will enter the time in
a numeric field.

Alphanumeric fields accept numbers as well as letters. For example,
you will enter the date in an alphanumeric field.

Cyclic fields allow you to select from one of several available options.
For example, you may select between ETE (estimated time enroute) or
ETA (estimated time of arrival) using a cyclic field. Cyclic fields are
indicated on the display by a “>” character.

Confirmation fields allow you to indicate your acceptance or rejection.
For example, you will be asked to confirm the initial position, date, and
time before satellite acquisition begins. Confirmation fields always end
with a “?” character.

2.1 KEYPAD OPERATION

The ON/OFF key is a dual function rocker key that controls
system power and panel backlight intensity.

When the unit is on, pressing the ON/BRT side of the key will
increase the backlight intensity. Pressing the OFF/DIM side will decrease
the backlight intensity.

To turn the unit off, press and hold the OFF/DIM side of the ON/OFF key for
three seconds until the display is blank.

2-2

Pressing the MSG key allows you to view messages. (See Section

2.3 and Chapter 13 for more details.)
Pressing the GOTO key allows you to activate the GOTO function,

which will set an instantaneous course to any waypoint. (See
Chapter 6 for more details.)

Pressing the AUTOSTO key allows you to capture your present
position on an instantaneous basis. The AutoStoreTM function also
allows you to place the waypoints in a route. (See Chapter 8 for

more details.)

Pressing the SET key selects the setup pages which allow you to
view the receiver status and customize the unit as you like. (See
Chapter 11 for more details.)

Pressing the RTE key selects the route pages which allow you to
edit, review, activate, and delete routes. (See Chapter 7 for more
details.)

Pressing the WPT key selects the waypoint pages which allow you
to create, edit, review, rename and delete waypoints. In addition,
you may view your nearest waypoints and set waypoint proximity
alarms. (See Chapter 4 for more details.)

Pressing the NAV key selects the navigation pages which allow you
to view navigation information and perform planning functions.
(See Chapters 5, 9, and 10 for more details.)

Pressing the right or left side of this rocker key allows you
to move the cursor, scroll through information lists, and enter
letters of the alphabet.

The alphanumeric keys allow you to enter letters and numbers
into the GPS 100.

If you want to enter a number, for instance “1”, simply press the 1 key. If you
want to enter a letter, for example “A”, press the 1 key, then press the right
arrow key once to select “A” (you may also press the left arrow key three
times to display the "A").

2-3

Pressing the CLR key erases information in the cursor field. If the
cursor is over a cyclic field, pressing the CLR key will toggle through
several available options. If the cursor is over a confirmation field,
pressing the CLR key indicates rejection.

Pressing the ENT key completes the process of data entry. If the
cursor is over a confirmation field, pressing the ENT key indicates
your approval.

2.2 ENTERING DATA

The GPS 100 features a keypad feedback tone which will sound each time
you press a key. If you enter data which is not appropriate for the field, the
feedback tone will quickly sound three times indicating an error. The keypad
feedback tone can be turned off if you wish (see Section 11.5 for more
information).

Data is entered into the unit using the keypad and fields. In order to enter data
you must first move the cursor over the desired field by pressing the right or
left arrow key.

To enter a number...

· Press the key that is labeled with the desired number. The numbers
will fill in from the left side of the field similar to a typewriter. You must
enter any leading zeros in the field. For example, if you wish to enter
“51” in a 3 space field, you must press the 0, 5, and 1 keys in that order.

· Press the CLR key if you enter an incorrect number.

· Press the ENT key when you have filled each space of the field with
numbers.

To enter a letter...

· Press the key that is labeled with the desired letter.

· Press the right or left arrow key until the desired letter is displayed.

· Press the CLR key if you enter an incorrect letter.

· Press the ENT key when all the characters are entered.

2-4

(Note: Some fields allow only letters and no numbers. For example, the
hemispheric designation for latitude is either an “N” for North or “S” for South.
If you wish to enter an “N” for North, press the 5 key, which is also labeled
with the letter N. The GPS 100 will automatically display “N” for you.)

To change a cyclic field...

· Press the CLR key.

To indicate approval on a confirmation field...

· Press the ENT key.

To indicate rejection on a confirmation field...

· Press the CLR key.

2.3 VIEWING MESSAGES

Message
Annunciator

MESSAGE PAGE

From time to time, the GPS 100 will use a message to tell you of conditions
that need your attention. When the GPS 100 has a new message for you,
the Message Annunciator will flash. When this occurs, press the MSG key
to view new message(s). Continue to press the MSG key until the page you
were viewing prior to pressing the MSG key is displayed.

While the Message Annunciator is flashing, the GPS 100 will also generate
an audible tone to alert you of the message. (The message tone can be
turned off if you wish; see Section 11.5 for more details.) Messages that
demand immediate attention such as an arrival alarm generate a quick tone
that will not stop until you view the message. All other messages generate
a slow tone that will cease after 15 seconds.

2-5

Certain messages will remain on the Message Page after being viewed. If
this occurs, the Message Annunciator will be in view but will not flash.

If no messages exist on the Message Page, the Message Annunciator will
not be visible and the message page will appear as illustrated below.

Refer to Chapter 13 for a complete list of GPS 100 messages.

2-6

CHAPTER 3

INITIALIZATION

By now you should have a basic understanding of the GPS 100. Turn your
unit on and we will walk you through the initialization process. (You may need
to use the battery charger when you operate the unit for the first time. Please
allow the unit to remain on the battery charger for at least 14 hours before
actual field use.)

SELF TEST PAGE

When you turn your GPS 100 on, the Self Test Page will be displayed for
approximately five seconds. During this time, the GPS 100 will conduct a
series of self tests.

UTC Date UTC Time

Initial Initial

Latitude Longitude

Nearest Airport Bearing & Range from Airport

INITIALIZATION PAGE

Following completion of the self tests, the Initialization Page will be displayed.
This page allows you to verify and change, if necessary, the UTC date/time
and initial position. (UTC, essentially the same as Greenwich Mean Time,
is the time of day at 0 degrees longitude. See Appendix C for UTC/local time
conversion.)

NOTE: The UTC date and time has been set by the factory and will be
updated by information received from the satellites. It is not necessary to
change the date/time unless it is in error by more than 20 minutes.

3-1

To change the initial date...

· Use the right or left arrow key to position the cursor over the date field.

· Press the number keys associated with the UTC day of the month. For
example, to enter the 14th day of June, press the 1 key followed by the
4 key. Remember to press the CLR key if you make a mistake.

· Use the alphanumeric keys to enter the first 3 characters of the UTC
month, i.e. JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT,
NOV, or DEC.

· Enter the last two digits of the UTC year. For example, in the year 1991
you would enter “91”. In the year 2005 you would enter “05”.

· Press the ENT key when you have finished entering the UTC date.

To change the initial time...

· Use the right or left arrow key to position the cursor over the UTC time
field.

· Enter the time in 24 hour UTC format. For example, if the UTC time
is 14:30 (i.e. 2:30 PM), press the 1, 4, 3, and 0 keys.

· Press the ENT key when you have finished entering the UTC time.

The position on the Initialization Page is the last position stored in the GPS

100. This page also displays the bearing and range from the airport nearest
the displayed position, which typically will be the destination of your last trip.

You may verify the initial position by comparing the displayed latitude/
longitude with your actual position (obtained from a map or chart). Alterna­tively, you may find it easier to verify that the initial position is within a
reasonable distance from the displayed airpoint. Unless your unit has been
moved more than 800 nautical miles with the power off, you should not have
to change the initial position. (For fast satellite acquisition, the displayed
position should be within 60 nautical miles from your actual position.)

3-2

To change the initial position by latitude/longitude...

· Use the right or left arrow key to position the cursor over the latitude
field.

· Check the hemispheric designation (“N” or “S”) of the latitude. If it is
correct, go to the next step. If it is incorrect, press the CLR key
followed by the key labeled with the correct hemispheric designator for
your position. For example, if your position is North of the Equator
press the 5 key. This will cause an “N” to be displayed in the first
character of the latitude. Similarly, press the 7 key for “S” if your
position is South of the Equator.

· Enter your approximate latitude in degrees and minutes.

· Press the ENT key when your latitude is correct. The cursor will
automatically move to the longitude field.

· Check the hemispheric designation (“E” or “W”) of the longitude. If it
is correct, go to the next step. If it is incorrect, press the CLR key
followed by the key labeled with the correct hemispheric designator for
your position. For example, if your position is in the Eastern Hemi­sphere, press the 2 key. This will cause an “E” to be displayed in the
first character of the longitude. Similarly, press the 8 key for “W” if your
position is in the Western Hemisphere.

· Enter your approximate longitude in degrees and minutes.

· Press the ENT key when your longitude is correct.

Alternatively, you may enter the name of a nearby waypoint. The GPS 100
will use the position of the waypoint as its initial position. (You may find this
method more convenient than entering latitude and longitude. See Chapter
4 for information on waypoints.)

To change the initial position by waypoint name...

· Use the right or left arrow key to position the cursor over the waypoint
name on line 3.

· Enter the waypoint name. The GPS 100 will display the latitude/
longitude of the entered waypoint on line 2.

3-3

When the initial data is acceptable to you, use the right or left arrow key to
place the cursor over “OK?”. Press the ENT key to accept the Initialization
data.

If you are operating the unit with a battery pack or with the battery charger,
the Mode Selection Page will be displayed asking you to select the operational
mode before proceeding. Recall that you may select Normal, Battery Saver,
QuickFixTM, or Simulator mode as described in Section 1.5.

MODE SELECTION PAGE

To select the operational mode...

· Use the left arrow key to place the cursor to the right of “>” on line 3.

· Press the CLR key until the desired operational mode is displayed.
For example, to select QuickFixTM mode, press the CLR key until
“QUICKFIX” is displayed.

· With the cursor over “OK?”, press the ENT key to accept the
operational mode.

DATABASE PAGE

The Database Page, which indicates the database effective date, expiration
date, and cycle, will now be displayed. The GPS 100 will still function with
a database which is out of date; however, you must exercise extreme caution
and always verify that the database information is correct before use.
(Warning: The accuracy of the database information is assured only if the
database is current. Pilots using an out-of-date database do so entirely at
their own risk.)

3-4

Your GPS 100 is now initialized and the GPS Status Page will be displayed
(see Section 11.1 for more information on the GPS Status Page). If you are
not operating your GPS 100 in the Simulator mode, it will immediately begin
acquiring satellites. This process is fully automatic and, under normal
circumstances, will take 2-3 minutes to obtain navigation information. The
GPS 100 will inform you when it is ready for navigation with the message
“READY FOR NAVIGATION".

Your GPS 100 will automatically update satellite orbital data as it operates.
If you have not operated your unit for a period of six months or longer, it will
search the sky to collect new orbital data. You will be informed when your
unit is searching the sky with the message “SEARCHING THE SKY”. Once
satellite orbital data is collected, it will be stored in battery backed up memory.
This means the data will not be lost when you turn your GPS 100 off.

If four or more satellites with good geometry are available, the GPS 100 will
automatically operate in the 3D mode in which latitude, longitude, and altitude
are computed. If only three satellites are available, the unit will automatically
operate in 2D mode in which only latitude and longitude are computed. When
operating in the 2D mode, the unit will ask you to enter an altitude with the
message “NEED ALT - PRESS NAV” (see Section 5.2 on altitude entry).

If the GPS 100 cannot acquire enough satellites for 2D or 3D navigation, you
will be informed with the message “POOR GPS COVERAGE”. If this
situation occurs, check the installation and make sure the antenna is properly
connected and not obstructed. You may wish to repeat the initialization steps
and verify that the initial data are correct.

Where to go from here...

If you are using your GPS 100 for the first time, we encourage you to review
Chapter 4 on waypoints, Chapter 5 on navigation, and Chapter 6 on GOTO.
Additionally, you may wish to go through Chapter 11 on custom setups.
Finally, you don’t want to miss our sample trip in Chapter 15 using the built­in simulator! This will help you quickly master the power and capability of the
GPS 100.

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CHAPTER 4

WAYPOINTS

The GPS 100 contains a built-in database providing North American,
International or Worldwide navigational information (refer to section 1.2 for
a specific description of information provided in each database).

A basic waypoint consists of a name (up to five letters or numbers) and its
latitude/longitude location. You will have the opportunity to use waypoints
extensively while operating the GPS 100. For example, you can build a route
using waypoints, you can perform trip/fuel planning using waypoints, and you
can even calculate the time of sunrise and sunset for a waypoint of interest.

The GPS 100 features four waypoint pages. You may cycle through these
pages as illustrated below by pressing the WPT key until the desired page
is displayed.

WAYPOINT DEFINITION PAGE WAYPOINT CATALOG PAGE

NEAREST WAYPOINT MENU PROXIMITY WAYPOINT PAGE

4.1 WAYPOINT DEFINITION

4-1

Waypoint Waypoint Frequency DME
Type Name Indicator

Latitude Longitude

Reference Waypoint Bearing & Range from Reference

WAYPOINT DEFINITION PAGE

The Waypoint Definition Page displays the waypoint type (“APT”, “VOR”,
“NDB”, “INT”, “USR”, or “WPT” if no waypoint is displayed), waypoint name
(up to 5 characters), its latitude/longitude, and an optional reference.
Additional information which, depending on the waypoint type, may be
displayed on line 1 are:

· Airport elevation

· NDB frequency

· VOR frequency and DME indicator (a “D” indicates the VOR station
has a co-located DME or TACAN).

The reference waypoint option allows you to compute the relative position
(range and bearing) of the displayed waypoint from a better known location.
If the waypoint type is APT or INT, its nearest VOR station will automatically
be displayed for your convenience. (NOTE: The nearest VOR as deter­mined by the GPS 100 may not be the approved station due to obstructions.)
The reference for each user waypoint will be stored in memory to help you
remember where the waypoint is located.

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4.2 CREATING WAYPOINTS

NEW WAYPOINT PAGE

When a waypoint name has been entered that does not exist in memory, the
GPS 100 will assume you wish to create a new waypoint. The New Waypoint
Page will ask you to select one of three methods for defining the waypoint
position: direct latitude/longitude entry, relative to an existing waypoint, or
relative to your present position.

To enter the waypoint position directly...

· Place the cursor over “ENTER POSN?” and press the ENT key. The
Waypoint Definition Page will appear with the cursor over the waypoint
latitude as illustrated below.

· Enter the waypoint latitude.

· Enter the waypoint longitude.

· With the cursor over “OK?”, press the ENT key. The waypoint is now
stored in memory.

4-3

To create a waypoint offset from a reference waypoint...

· Move the cursor over “REF WPT?” and press the ENT key. The
Waypoint Definition Page will appear with the cursor over the reference
waypoint name as illustrated below.

· Enter the name of the reference waypoint. The position of the
reference waypoint will be displayed on line 2.

· Enter the bearing from the reference waypoint to the new waypoint.

· Enter the distance from the reference waypoint to the new waypoint.
The resulting waypoint position will be displayed on line 2.

· With the cursor over “OK?”, press the ENT key. The waypoint is now
stored in memory.

To create a waypoint offset from your position...

· Move the cursor over “RELATIVE TO PRES POSN?” and press the
ENT key. The Waypoint Definition Page will appear with the cursor
over the bearing and your position will be displayed on line 2 as
illustrated below.

· Enter the bearing from your present position to the new waypoint.

· Enter the range from your present position to the new waypoint. The
resulting waypoint position will be displayed on line 2.

· With the cursor over “OK?”, press the ENT key. The waypoint is now
stored in memory.

4-4

4.3 USING WAYPOINTS

You may use waypoints on many GPS 100 pages. When a waypoint name
is entered, the Waypoint Definition Page will be displayed asking you to
confirm the position of the waypoint. For example, each time you enter a
waypoint into a route, the Waypoint Definition Page will be displayed.

To accept the waypoint definition...

· With the cursor over “OK?”, press the ENT key.

To reject the waypoint definition...

· With the cursor over “OK?”, press the CLR key.

Once a waypoint definition has been accepted or rejected, the previous page
will be displayed.

Some waypoints in the database may have the same name. When you have
entered a waypoint whose name is not unique, the Duplicate Waypoint Page
will be displayed for you to select the desired waypoint:

Total Number

Index Waypoint Type Region of Duplicates

Waypoint

Identifier

DUPLICATE WAYPOINT PAGE

The waypoint name and number of duplicates are displayed on the right side
of the page. Waypoint type and region of 3 duplicate waypoints are displayed
sorted by distance from present position. Additional waypoints are viewed
by scrolling through the list.

To scroll through the duplicate waypoints...

· Place the cursor over line 3 and press the right arrow key to scroll
down the list.

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· Place the cursor over line 1 and press the left arrow key to scroll up
the list.

To select the desired waypoint...

· Place the cursor over the desired waypoint and press the ENT key.
The Waypoint Definition Page of the selected waypoint will be
displayed.

· Press the ENT key over “OK?” on the Waypoint Definition Page to
approve the waypoint.

· Press the CLR key over “OK?” on the Waypoint Definition Page to
reject the waypoint and return to the Duplicate Waypoint Page.

Duplicate waypoints typically occur for waypoints in different regions. If you
are operating only in a specific region (e.g., U.S.A, Europe, etc.), you may
wish to minimize occurrences of duplicate waypoints by selecting the
database region accordingly (see Section 11.7 for more information on
database region selection).

4.4 USING WAYPOINTS BY SCANNING

WAYPOINT SCAN PAGE

The GPS 100 offers a waypoint scanning feature which will simplify waypoint
name entry. A waypoint list for each of the five waypoint types is available
for scanning in any waypoint name field. Each list consists of up to nine
nearest waypoints within 200 nm and a complete list of waypoints which are
organized alphabetically (numbers are ordered before the letters of the
alphabet). The nearest waypoint list is placed in front of the complete list so
that, in the event of an emergency, you may quickly access the desired
nearest waypoint.

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To enter a waypoint name by scanning...

· With the cursor over a blank waypoint name field, press the WPT key.
The Waypoint Scan Page will be displayed.

· With the cursor on the desired waypoint type, press the ENT key to
activate the “scanning mode”. The nearest waypoint of the selected
type will be displayed in the waypoint field.

· Use the right and left arrow keys to scan through the list of waypoints,
starting with the nearest list and followed by the complete list.

· With the desired waypoint shown, press the ENT key to select the
waypoint (use the CLR key to cancel the scanning operation at any
time).

To avoid scanning through the entire waypoint list, you may want to enter the
first few characters of the waypoint name.

To scan waypoints with specified initial characters...

· Enter the desired number of initial characters of the waypoint name
into a waypoint field as normally done when entering a waypoint
name.

· Press the WPT key to display the Waypoint Scan Page.

· With the cursor on the desired waypoint type, press the ENT key to
activate the “scanning mode”. The GPS 100 will immediately display
the first waypoint in the database that begins with the character(s) you
have entered.

· Use the right and left arrow keys to scan through the list of the
waypoints that matches the entered characters.

· With the desired waypoint shown, press the ENT key to select the
waypoint (use the CLR key to cancel the scanning operation at any
time).

Variable rate scanning is implemented to allow you to quickly go from one end
of the list to the other. When the arrow keys are pressed briefly, you will go
through the waypoints one at a time. As you hold the arrow keys for a longer

4-7

period of time, the waypoint list will start to scroll rapidly; the longer the arrow
keys are held while scanning, the larger the step through the list.

4.5 REVIEWING WAYPOINTS

The GPS 100 allows you to quickly review waypoint information without
entering the waypoint name. For example, you may review the waypoints in
a route, or review the definition of the nearest waypoints. In general, if the
cursor is over a waypoint name, you may quickly review the definition of
that waypoint.

To review a waypoint definition...

· Move the cursor over a waypoint name and press the ENT key. The
definition of the waypoint will be displayed on the Waypoint Definition
Page with the cursor over “OK?”.

· With the cursor over “OK?”, press the ENT key to return to the
previous page.

4.6 MODIFYING WAYPOINTS

You may modify the position of a user waypoint while viewing the Waypoint
Definition Page. (NOTE: If a waypoint is being used for navigation, its
position cannot be modified. An attempt to modify the position of such a
waypoint will result in the message “CANNOT CHNG ACTV WPT”.)

To change the user waypoint position by latitude/longitude entry...

· Enter the new latitude and longitude.

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

To change the user waypoint position by reference...

· Enter the reference waypoint name. If the desired reference is already
entered, you may skip this step.

· Enter the bearing from the reference to the desired waypoint location.

4-8

· Enter the distance from the reference to the desired waypoint location.
The GPS 100 will display the resulting latitude and longitude.

· With the cursor over “OK?”, press the ENT key.

4.7 NEAREST WAYPOINTS

NEAREST WAYPOINT MENU

An important feature of the GPS 100 is the ability to display waypoints
nearest to your position. In an emergency, you may use the nearest waypoint
feature to find the closest point of safety in your area. Up to 9 waypoints,
closer than 200 nm, are computed for each type of waypoint. To view a
specific waypoint type, place the cursor over the desired type and press the
ENT key.

Total

Rank Nearest Waypoints

Waypoint Type

Name Bearing & Range from present position

NEAREST WAYPOINT PAGE

The Nearest Waypoint Page displays 3 waypoints at a time. Additional
waypoints can be viewed by “scrolling” through the nearest waypoint list. The
total number of nearest waypoints is displayed in the upper right corner of the
page.

To scroll through the nearest waypoints...

· Place the cursor over the waypoint name on line 3 and press the right
arrow key to scroll down the list.

4-9

· Place the cursor over the waypoint name on line 1 and press the left
arrow key to scroll up the list.

Remember the waypoint review feature will allow you to quickly scan the
definition of a nearest waypoint by pressing the ENT key with the cursor over
the desired waypoint.

4.8 PROXIMITY ALARM WAYPOINTS

Name Alarm Distance Total Proximity Waypoints

PROXIMITY WAYPOINT PAGE

The Proximity Waypoint Page allows you to define an alarm circle around a
waypoint. Boaters may wish to define a proximity alarm waypoint around a
rock or sand bar. Pilots may wish to define a proximity alarm waypoint around
a restricted use airspace such as a MOA or TCA. The GPS 100 will notify
you with an alarm tone and the message “PROX ALARM-PRESS NAV” if you
enter the alarm circle. After you view this message, press the NAV key. The
Position Page will display the range and bearing from the proximity waypoint
to your position. (See Section 5.2 for information on the Position Page.)

The GPS 100 allows you to define up to 9 proximity waypoints. The Proximity
Waypoint Page displays 3 proximity waypoints at a time. Additional waypoints
are viewed by scrolling through the proximity waypoint list. The number of
proximity waypoints is displayed in the upper right corner of the page.

To scroll through the proximity waypoints...

· Place the cursor over the alarm distance on line 3 and press the right
arrow key to scroll down the list.

· Place the cursor over the waypoint name on line 1 and press the left
arrow key to scroll up the list.

4-10

To add a waypoint to the proximity list...

· Scroll down the list until the cursor is over a blank waypoint name.

· Enter the desired waypoint name.

· Enter the radius of the alarm circle.

If the newly entered proximity circle overlaps with any existing circle, you will
be informed with the message “PROXIMITY OVERLAP”. This message will
also be displayed each time you turn the GPS 100 on as long as the overlap
remains. (WARNING: If you enter the overlap area, the unit will only inform
you of the nearest proximity waypoint.)

To remove a waypoint from the proximity list...

· Place the cursor over the waypoint name you wish to delete.

· Press the CLR key, the waypoint name will blank.

· Press the ENT key, the waypoint will be removed from the proximity
waypoint list.

4.9 USER WAYPOINT CATALOG

Route Use Waypoint Names

Number of User

Proximity Use Waypoints

WAYPOINT CATALOG PAGE

The Waypoint Catalog Page displays the status of up to six user waypoints
in alphabetical order. Additional waypoints are viewed by scrolling through
the waypoint list.

The status of a waypoint is displayed immediately to the left of the waypoint
name. The status consists of the first route number (0..9) in which the
waypoint is used (if any), and an asterisk “*” if you entered the waypoint in
the proximity list. For example, waypoint OILRG is a proximity waypoint, and
waypoint OKLND is used in route 2.

4-11

A total of 100 user waypoints can be permanently stored in memory. The
number of user waypoints you have defined is shown in the upper right corner
of the page.

To scroll through the waypoint list...

· Place the cursor over the last waypoint name on line 3 and press the
right arrow key to scroll down the list.

· Place the cursor over the first waypoint name on line 1 and press the
left arrow key to scroll up the list.

The Waypoint Catalog Page allows you to delete user waypoints which are
not used in any route and are not members of the proximity list. (NOTE: If
you wish to delete a waypoint that is used in a route or is a member of the
proximity list, first remove it from the route and/or proximity list before
attempting to delete the waypoint.)

To delete a waypoint from memory...

· Place the cursor over the desired waypoint.

· Press the CLR key, the waypoint name will blank.

· Press the ENT key, the waypoint will be deleted from memory.

The Waypoint Catalog Page also allows you to rename user waypoints.

To rename a user waypoint...

· Place the cursor over the desired waypoint.

· Enter a unique waypoint name. If you enter a name that is already
used, you will be informed with the message “WPT EXISTS _____”
(where the blank will be filled in with the waypoint name). Enter a
different waypoint name if this occurs. After entering a unique
waypoint name, the Rename Waypoint Page will be displayed as
illustrated below.

4-12

RENAME WAYPOINT PAGE

· With the cursor over “OK?” press the ENT key. The waypoint will be
renamed, the Waypoint Catalog Page will be displayed, and the
waypoint list will be re-ordered alphabetically.

4-13

CHAPTER 5

NAVIGATION INFORMATION

The GPS 100 features four navigation pages. You may cycle through these
pages as illustrated below by pressing the NAV key until the desired page is
displayed. In addition, you may access a wide array of planning functions
using the navigation menus. (Navigation menus will be described in
Chapters 9 and 10.)

CDI PAGE NAVIGATION MENU 2

POSITION PAGE NAVIGATION MENU 1

5-1

5.1 CDI AND NAVIGATION SUMMARY

“Active From” Waypoint “Active To” Waypoint Velocity

Distance Direction

CDI Time/Track

CDI PAGE

The CDI Page displays virtually all the information you need to guide your
craft. Included is a graphical course deviation indicator (CDI) which illustrates
your position relative to the course. The to/from arrow in the center of the CDI
indicates if you are navigating to the waypoint (up arrow) or if you have
passed the waypoint (down arrow). If you have set the CDI alarm, the limits
of the alarm will be displayed with brackets (i.e. “[“ and “]”) as illustrated. You
may set CDI alarm, CDI sensitivity, and CDI representation of the course
from the Setup Pages (see Sections 11.2 and 11.3 for more details).

During the process of acquiring satellites, the GPS 100 will not provide
navigation data. The area of the CDI will indicate this condition as illustrated
below.

The “active from” and “active to” waypoints on line 1 indicate where you have
come from and where you are going (see Section 7.1 for illustration). When
using the GOTO function, the CDI Page will appear as illustrated below (see
Chapter 6 for more details on the GOTO function).

5-2

If the GPS 100 is not navigating to a waypoint (i.e., there is no “active to”
waypoint), the CDI area will indicate this condition as illustrated below.

The cyclic fields, indicated by the “>” character, can be used to select the type
of information you wish to see. To use a cyclic field, place the cursor to the
right of the “>” and press the CLR key.

You may select one of two velocity options:

· GS - Ground speed. GS is the speed measured relative to the
ground; also known as velocity over ground (VOG).

· VMG- Velocity made good. VMG is velocity in the direction of the
desired course. It is the speed at which you are closing on
the “active to” waypoint.

You may select one of six direction options:

· CMG- Course made good. CMG is the bearing from the “active
from” waypoint to your position.

· TRK- Track. TRK is the direction of movement relative to the
ground.

· BRG- Bearing. BRG is the direction from your position to the
“active to”waypoint.

· TRN- Off course error. “L” indicates you should turn to the left, “R”
indicate you should turn to the right. The degrees indicate
the angle you are off course.

· CTS- Course to steer. CTS is the recommended direction to steer
in order to reduce cross track error and stay on course (see
Section 12.3 for an example using CTS).

· DTK- Desired track. DTK is the course between the “active from”
and “active to” waypoints.

5-3

You may select one of four distance options:

· RNG - Range. RNG is the distance from your position to the “active
to” waypoint.

· ATD - Along track distance. ATD is the along track distance to the
“active to” waypoint. It is measured from the point on the
course closest to your position.

· DMG- Distance made good. DMG is the along track distance from
the “active from” waypoint. It is measured from the point
closest to your position.

· STR - Steer direction and distance. “L” indicates you should steer
to the left, “R” indicates you should steer to the right. The
distance indicates how far you are off course.

5-4

You may display one of two time options or track:

· ETE - Estimated time enroute. ETE is the time it will take to reach
the “active to” waypoint based on your speed.

· ETA - Estimated time of arrival. ETA is the time at which you will
arrive at the “active to” waypoint based on your speed.

· TRK- Track. TRK is the direction of movement relative to the
ground.

5.2 PRESENT POSITION

Altitude EPE/DOP

Latitude Longitude

Velocity/ Ground Speed Track
Reference Select

POSITION PAGE

The Position Page displays your ground speed, track, and position relative
to the selected earth datum (see Section 11.7 for more information on earth
datums). The altitude displayed is the elevation above mean sea level
(MSL); it is NOT equivalent to the altitude displayed on pressure altimeters
in aircraft and should not be used for vertical navigation.

You may display one of two system quality factors:

· DOP- Dilution of precision. DOP is a measure of the satellite
geometry quality and hence the relative accuracy of your
position (1 meaning the best and 10 meaning poor).

· EPE- Estimated position error. EPE, computed using the satel-
lite geometry (DOP), signal and data quality, receiver
trackingstatus and other factors, is an overall measure of
your position accuracy.

5-5

EPE and DOP are advisory information only and are not to be used as
absolute measures of accuracy.

In place of the speed and track information on line 3, you may want to
calculate the range and bearing from a reference to your present position.
(This information will give you a better understanding of where you are
relative to a known location.)

To calculate range/bearing from a reference waypoint...

· Press the CLR key on line 3 to select the reference waypoint option.

· Enter the reference waypoint name. The GPS 100 will continuously
display range and bearing from the waypoint as illustrated below.

If you have entered the alarm circle of a proximity waypoint (see Section 4.8
on proximity waypoints), you will be informed with the message “PROX
ALARM-PRESS NAV”. When the NAV key is pressed, the Position Page
illustrated above will be displayed with the proximity alarm waypoint already
entered in the reference field for you. The GPS 100 will continually update
the range and bearing from the proximity waypoint to your position on line

3.
If the GPS needs altitude to perform 2D navigation, you will be informed with

the message “NEED ALT - PRESS NAV”. When you press the NAV key, the
Position Page will be displayed as illustrated below:

The last known altitude will be displayed to the right of “ALT:” as illustrated
above. If the altitude is correct, simply press the ENT key with the cursor over
the altitude. Otherwise, enter the altitude of your antenna. (If your antenna
is mounted on a high mast, make sure you add the mast height.)

If your speed is less than 65 knots, you need to enter your altitude only once.
If your speed is 65 knots or greater, the unit will ask you to update your altitude

every 10 minutes with the message “NEED ALT - PRESS NAV”.

5-6

CHAPTER 6

GETTING THERE FAST — GOTO

The GOTO function allows you to quickly set a course from your position
to any waypoint.

GOTO Waypoint

Velocity

Distance Direction

CDI Time/Track

CDI PAGE (GOTO MODE)

To activate the GOTO function...

· Press the GOTO key. The CDI Page will be displayed with the cursor
over the GOTO waypoint field on line 1.

· Enter the desired GOTO waypoint name. Navigation information to
the GOTO waypoint will be displayed.

Alternatively, the GOTO function may be quickly activated from any page
(e.g. the Nearest Waypoint Page) by placing the cursor over the desired
waypoint name and pressing the GOTO key. The Waypoint Definition Page
will be displayed and the GOTO function will be activated upon confirmation
of the page.

You may cancel the GOTO function at any time.

To cancel the GOTO function...

· Place the cursor over the GOTO waypoint name on the CDI Page.

· Press the CLR key, the GOTO waypoint name will become blank.

· Press the ENT key. The GPS 100 will start to navigate using route 0,
if available.

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CHAPTER 7

ROUTES

The GPS 100 allows you to create and store 10 routes, numbered 0 through
9, containing up to 9 waypoints each. Routes can be travelled in the order
in which you define the waypoints, or they may be reversed.

The GPS 100 features three route pages. You may cycle through these
pages as illustrated below by pressing the RTE key until the desired page is
displayed.

ACTIVE ROUTE PAGE

ROUTE CATALOG PAGE CPA PAGE

7-1

7.2 ROUTE CATALOG

Copy From Copy To

Route Number Total Distance

First & Last Waypoint of Route

ROUTE CATALOG PAGE

The waypoints of an existing route may be copied to an empty route using
the Route Catalog Page. This is useful if you wish to store the contents of
route 0 before activating a new route. Also, you may copy a route and then
make changes to form a new route.

To copy a route...

· Enter the number of the route you wish to copy in the “copy from” field
(this field defaults to “0”).

· Enter the number of the route you wish to copy to in the “copy to” field.

The Route Catalog Page gives a list of the routes stored in the GPS 100. This
page shows the route number, first/last waypoint names composing the
route, and the total distance traversed by the route. For example, in the
illustration above, route 1 begins at KSEA (Seattle-Tacoma International),
ends at KJFK (John F. Kennedy International), and is 2182 nautical miles
long.

Up to two routes are displayed on the Route Catalog Page. Additional routes
may be displayed by scrolling.

To scroll the Route Catalog Page...

· Place the cursor over the route on line 3 and press the right arrow key
to scroll down the list.

· Place the cursor over the route on line 2 and press the left arrow key
to scroll up the list.

7-3

7.3 EDITING ROUTES

Waypoints of Route Route Number

Activate Route

Reverse (Invert) Route

ROUTE REVIEW PAGE

The Route Review Page displays the waypoints of a route and allows you to
create, edit, review, and activate routes.

To display the Route Review Page...

· Place the cursor over the desired route on the Route Catalog Page
and press the ENT key.

Routes are created by entering the desired waypoint names on the Route
Review Page.

To create a route...

· Move the cursor over an empty route on the Route Catalog Page and
press the ENT key. The Route Review Page will be displayed.

· Enter up to 9 waypoints you wish to use in the route.

Routes are changed using the Route Review Page. You may insert
waypoints into or delete waypoints from any route you choose. Note that if
a route already contains 9 waypoints, you must delete unwanted waypoints
before adding new ones.

To insert a waypoint into a route...

· Move the cursor over the desired route on the Route Catalog Page
and press the ENT key. The Route Review Page will be displayed.

7-4

· Move the cursor over the position in the route where you wish to enter
the new waypoint.

· Enter the new waypoint. The waypoints of the route will shift to the
right to make room for the new waypoint.

To delete a waypoint from a route...

· Place the cursor over the desired route on the Route Catalog Page
and press the ENT key. The Route Review Page will be displayed.

· Place the cursor over the waypoint you wish to delete.

· Press the CLR key followed by the ENT key to delete the waypoint.

7.4 ACTIVATING ROUTES

“Active from” Waypoint “Active to” Waypoint

Time Selection
“Active to”
Waypoint
Indicator

Waypoint Distance Time

ACTIVE ROUTE PAGE

Routes are activated using the Route Review Page. You may activate any
route in the displayed order or in reverse order. (NOTE: When a new route
is activated, the previous contents of route 0 will be overwritten. If you wish
to save route 0, be sure to copy it to an empty route first.)

To activate a route...

· Place the cursor over the desired route on the Route Catalog Page
and press the ENT key. The Route Review Page will be displayed.

· With the cursor over “ACT?”, press the ENT key to activate the route
in the displayed order. Use the “INV?” field to activate the route in
reverse (inverted) order.

7-5

Immediately after activating a route, the Active Route Page will be displayed.
This page displays the waypoints of the “active leg” on line 1, and up to 2
waypoints on lines 2 and 3. Distance and time information is displayed to the
right of each waypoint name. You may choose to display ETA (estimated
time of arrival) or ETE (estimated time enroute) using the cyclic selection field
on line 1. (NOTE: When activating a route, check the active leg to be sure
you agree with the selection. If not, use the GOTO function to select the leg
you desire.)

Notice the arrow to the left of waypoint 2 (BIL) in the previous illustration. This
arrow indicates that BIL is the “active to” waypoint.

You may view additional waypoints on lines 2 and 3 by scrolling.

To scroll the active route...

· Place the cursor over the waypoint name on line 2 and press the left
arrow key to scroll up the list.

· Place the cursor over the waypoint name on line 3 and press the right
arrow key to scroll down the list.

If you wish, you may edit route 0 directly from the Active Route Page.

To add a waypoint to the active route...

· Place the cursor over the position where you wish to enter the new
waypoint.

· Enter the waypoint name. The waypoints of the route will scroll down
to make room for the new waypoint.

To delete a waypoint from the active route...

· Place the cursor over the waypoint you wish to delete.

· Press the CLR key followed by the ENT key to delete the waypoint.

7-6

7.5 DELETING ROUTES

Routes can be deleted using the Route Review Page.

To delete a route...

· Place the cursor over the desired route on the Route Catalog Page
and press the CLR key. The Route Review Page will be displayed as
illustrated below.

· With the cursor over “DEL?” press the ENT key. The route is now
deleted and the Route Catalog Page will be displayed.

7.6 CLOSEST POINT OF APPROACH

Route Number

First/Last

Waypoint
Reference of Route
Waypoint

Bearing & Range from Reference

CPA PAGE

The Closest Point of Approach (CPA) function computes the point on a route
which is closest to a location of interest. This may be particularly useful for
creating a waypoint on your route referenced to a NAVAID, or for finding the
point on your route at which you will pass by a lighthouse or bouy.

The closest point of approach must fall between the waypoints of a route leg.
If this point does not exist, you will be informed with the message “INVALID
CPA WPT”.

7-7

To create a CPA waypoint...

· Select the desired route on line 2 using the CLR key. The first and last

waypoints of the route will be displayed.

· Enter the waypoint name of the location of interest in the reference

waypoint field. The GPS 100 will display the bearing and distance
from the waypoint to the closest point of approach.

If you wish, the CPA waypoint can be inserted into the route. The CPA
waypoint will be named based on the reference waypoint name with a
number (0..9) appended to the end. For example, if you entered “TXK”, the
CPA waypoint will be “TXK0”. If you entered a waypoint name with 5
characters, the CPA waypoint name will be identical to the first 4 characters
plus a number (0..9). For example, if you entered “HOOZE”, the CPA
waypoint will be named “HOOZ0”. If the GPS 100 cannot assign a unique
name to the CPA waypoint, you will be informed with the message “INVALID
CPA WPT”. If the waypoint cannot be added to the waypoint memory, you
will be informed with the message “WPT MEMORY FULL”. If you attempt to
insert the CPA waypoint in a route that already contains nine waypoints, you
will be informed with the message “ROUTE IS FULL” (the CPA waypoint is
still added to the database).

To insert a CPA waypoint in the selected route...

· With the cursor over “OK?” press the ENT key.

See Section 12.5 for an application example on using the CPA function.

7-8

CHAPTER 8

TM

PAGE

TM

AutoStore

Waypoint Name

Latitude Longitude

Route Store Number

AutoStore

The AutoStoreTM function allows you to capture your position at the touch of
a button so that you may easily return later. Additionally, you may record your
navigation path by inserting the captured waypoints into a route.

The AutoStoreTM Page displays the AutoStoreTM waypoint name, captured
position, and optional storage route. The waypoint name begins with a “+”
character followed by a 3 digit number, for example “+010”. AutoStore

TM

waypoints may be used for any waypoint operation and will be stored as part
of the 100 available user waypoints.

To capture your present position...

· Press the AUTOSTO key. The AutoStoreTM Page will be displayed

with the default waypoint name on line 1.

· If you wish to give the waypoint a name of your own, move the cursor

over the waypoint name and enter the name of your choice. If you
enter a waypoint name that is already used, you will be informed with
the message “WPT EXISTS _____” (where the blank will be filled in
with the waypoint name). Enter a different waypoint name if this
occurs.

· If you wish to place the waypoint in a route, enter the desired route

number. This route will be used for subsequent AutoStoreTM operations
until it is changed or the route becomes full. If you attempt to place
the waypoint in a route that already contains nine waypoints, you will
be informed with the message “ROUTE IS FULL”. Select a different
route if this occurs.

8-1

· If you do not wish to store the waypoint in a route, make sure the route

number is blank.

· With the cursor over “OK?”, press the ENT key.

See Section 12.1 for an application example using the AutoStoreTM function.

8-2

CHAPTER 9

TRIP PLANNING

The GPS 100 allows you to perform trip and fuel planning, and calculate
aviation data such as vertical speed, true airspeed, and wind.

These functions are accessed from Navigation Menu 1, illustrated below,
which is displayed by pressing the NAV key. To select a function from this
menu, place the cursor over the desired function and press the ENT key.

NAVIGATION MENU 1

9.1 TRIP PLANNING

Waypoint/Route Selection From Waypoint To Waypoint

Speed Time

Distance Bearing

TRIP PLANNING PAGE

The Trip Planning Page allows you to calculate the distance, bearing, and
time requirements between any two waypoints or for any programmed route.

To perform trip planning between two waypoints...

• Use the CLR key to select “WPT” on line 1.

• Enter the from waypoint. If you wish to use your present position,

leave it blank.

· Enter the to waypoint. If you wish to use your present position, leave
it blank.

9-1

· The speed field will display your present speed. You may enter a
different speed to calculate time requirements.

The GPS 100 will display the distance and bearing between the two
geographical points. In addition, the time requirement will be displayed
based on speed. Use the cyclic field to select estimated time enroute (ETE)
or estimated time of arrival (ETA).

To perform trip planning for a programmed route...

• Use the CLR key to select the desired route as illustrated below. (The

waypoint/route selection field will cycle through all programmed
routes containing 2 or more waypoints, i.e., RT0 to RT9.)

Total/Leg
Selection

• The first and last waypoints, total distance, and ETA/ETE information

will be displayed for the entire route, as indicated by “TTL”.

• To display the distance, bearing, and ETA/ETE information for each

individual leg, use the CLR key to change from “TTL” to the desired
leg. (The leg field will cycle through every programmed leg, i.e., LG1
to LG8, and the route total, TTL.)

9.2 FUEL PLANNING

Waypoint/Route Selection From Waypoint To Waypoint

Speed Time

Fuel Flow Fuel Required

FUEL PLANNING PAGE

The Fuel Planning Page allows you to calculate fuel requirements for any
route you have programmed or between any two waypoints.

9-2

To calculate the fuel requirements between two waypoints...

· Use the CLR key to select “WPT” on line 1.

· Enter the from waypoint. If you wish to use your present location,
leave it blank.

· Enter the to waypoint. If you wish to use your present location, leave
it blank.

· The speed field will display your present speed. You may enter a
different speed to calculate time and fuel requirements.

· Enter the fuel flow in units per hour (e.g., gallons per hour.)

The GPS 100 will calculate fuel requirements in the corresponding units
(e.g., gallons) required to go from point 1 to point 2. In addition, the time
requirement will be displayed based on speed. Use the cyclic field to select
estimated time enroute (ETE) or estimated time of arrival (ETA).

You may calculate the fuel required for a programmed route in a manner
similar to the trip planning described in Section 9.1.

9.3 DENSITY ALTITUDE/TAS

Indicated Altitude Calibrated Airspeed

Altimeter Total Air
Setting Temperature

Density Altitude True Airspeed

DENSITY ALTITUDE/TAS PAGE

The Density Altitude/TAS function will help you calculate critical aircraft
performance data.

To calculate density altitude and true airspeed...

· Enter the indicated altitude from your altimeter.

9-3

· Enter your calibrated airspeed. If you do not know your calibrated
airspeed, use indicated airspeed instead.

· Enter your altimeter setting.

· Enter the total air temperature (TAT). TAT is the temperature of the
air including the heating effect caused by speed (the temperature read
on a standard outside air temperature gauge found on most piston
aircraft is TAT). The GPS 100 will display the resulting density altitude
and true airspeed.

The TAS computed on this page will automatically become the default value
used in the wind aloft calculations described in the following section.

9.4 WIND ALOFT

Heading

True Airspeed

Wind Direction

(from) Wind Speed

Head/Tail Wind

WIND ALOFT PAGE

The Wind Aloft Page allows you to calculate the direction and speed of the
wind. This calculation requires TAS and heading information. If you have
calculated TAS on the Density Altitude/TAS Page, it will be offered as the
default.

To calculate wind aloft...

· Enter your present heading.

· Enter the TAS (optional if you have computed TAS on the Density
Altitude/TAS Page). The GPS 100 will display the wind direction,
speed, and the head/tail wind you are encountering.

9-4

9.5 VERTICAL NAVIGATION PLANNING

Initial Altitude Final Altitude

Offset Distance VNAV Waypoint

Vertical Speed Before/After VNAV Switch

VNAV PLANNING PAGE

Pilots will find the VNAV function useful for calculating vertical speed
requirements. In order to use the VNAV feature, the vehicle speed (or speed
entered in simulator mode), must be greater than 65 knots.

To calculate vertical speed requirements...

· Enter the initial (from) altitude.

· Enter the final (to) altitude.

· Enter the offset distance from the waypoint at which you will reach
your final altitude.

· Use the CLR key to select “BEFORE” if the offset is before the
waypoint, select “AFTER” if the offset is beyond the waypoint.

· Use the CLR key to select the VNAV waypoint from the active route.
The GPS 100 will display the required vertical speed.

To activate the VNAV function...

· Review the calculated vertical speed. If you wish to change the
vertical speed, enter the desired vertical speed.

· Move the cursor over “OFF” and use the CLR key to select “ON”.

When activated, this page will recommend the altitude (FROM altitude on line

1) and vertical speed (on line 3) required to complete the maneuver.
Remember that these are only recommendations.

9-5

NOTE: Your altitude and climb rate should be controlled only by the pilot in
command with due regard for airspeed and other aircraft performance
limitations.

You will be informed with the message “START ALTITUDE CHNG” when
you are less than 15 seconds from the point at which the desired VNAV
maneuver is to begin. You will be informed with the message “FINAL
ALTITUDE ALERT” when the recommended altitude is within 1000 feet of
the final altitude. The VNAV function will be cancelled automatically if the
active route is changed in any way (e.g., using the GOTO function or adding
a waypoint.) You will be informed with the message “VNAV CANCELLED”,
if this occurs.

See Section 12.4 for an application example using the VNAV function.

9-6

CHAPTER 10

DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS

The GPS 100 allows you to view current date and time, set alarm clocks and
timers, and calculate sunrise/sunset times. These functions are accessed
from Navigation Menu 2, illustrated below, which is displayed by pressing the
NAV key. To select a function from this menu, place the cursor over the
desired function and press the ENT key.

NAVIGATION MENU 2

10.1 DATE AND TIME

Local/UTC Select

UTC Date/Time

Local Date/Time

DATE/TIME PAGE

The Date/Time Page displays the date and time in both UTC and local
formats. In addition, you may select local or UTC for time displays on other
pages (for example ETA on the Active Route Page).

To change the time display...

· Use the CLR key to select either “LOCAL” or “UTC”.

10-1

The GPS 100 will keep track of local as well as UTC time. UTC, which is
essentially the same as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), does not change with
local time zones. It is the time at 0 degrees longitude which passes through
the city of Greenwich, England.

UTC time is set on the Initialization Page. While navigating, the GPS 100 will
automatically correct UTC time with accurate information received from the
satellites. Due to the irregular nature of time zones, the unit does not attempt
to correct your local time when you pass from one time zone to another. If
you cross a time zone boundary, update the local time manually.

To enter your local date and time...

· Move the cursor over the local date field and enter your local date.

· Move the cursor over the local time field and enter your local time in
24 hour format.

10.2 ALARM CLOCKS

Alarm Time

Alarm Switch

ALARM CLOCK PAGE

The Alarm Clock Page features two independent alarm clocks. These
alarms allow you to concentrate on other important tasks while the GPS 100
watches the clock for you!

To set an alarm clock...

· Enter the desired alarm time in 24 hour format. Enter local time if you
have selected local time on the Date/Time Page. Enter UTC time if
you have selected UTC time on the Date/Time Page (see Section 10.1
for more details).

· Press the CLR key to select “ON” for the alarm clock.

10-2

When the selected alarm time has been reached, the GPS 100 will
automatically inform you with the message “ALARM CLOCK 1” or “ALARM
CLOCK 2”.

To cancel an alarm clock...

· Press the CLR key to select “OFF” for the alarm clock.

10.3 EVENT TIMERS

Time

Timer Select

EVENT TIMER PAGE

The GPS 100 features two timers available on separate pages. Each can be
used as either an elapsed timer or count down timer. These timers can be
useful for measuring the elapsed time since a certain event, or they can tell
you when a specified amount of time has expired.

To set the count down timer...

· Move the cursor over the cyclic field on line 3 and press the CLR key
until “COUNT DOWN” is displayed.

· Enter the count down time in hours, minutes, and seconds. The cursor
will automatically move to “START?”.

· With the cursor over “START?”, press the ENT key. The timer will start
counting down.

When the count down timer reaches 0, you will be informed with the message
“TIMER 1 EXPIRED” or “TIMER 2 EXPIRED”, and the count down timer will
begin to count up showing you the elapsed time since the timer has expired.

You may stop the count down timer at any time. When stopped, the count
down time will freeze at its last value.

To stop the count down timer...

10-3

· Move the cursor over “STOP?” and press the ENT key.

The count down timer may be reset at any time while running or stopped.
When reset, the count down timer value will return to its initial value.

To reset the count down timer...

· Move the cursor over “RESET?” and press the ENT key.

The elapsed timers count up instead of counting down. They do not generate
messages but simply measure time from the point at which they were started.

To start an elapsed timer...

· Move the cursor over the cyclic field on line 3 and press the CLR key
until “ELAPSED TIME” is displayed.

· Move the cursor over “RESET?” and press the ENT key. The elapsed
time will be reset to zero and the cursor will automatically move to
“START?”.

· With the cursor over “START?” press the ENT key to start the elapsed
timer.

You may stop the elapsed timer at any time.

To stop the elapsed timer...

· Move the cursor over “STOP?” and press the ENT key.

10-4

10.4 SUNRISE/SUNSET

Waypoint Sunrise Time

Date Sunset Time

SUNRISE/SUNSET PAGE

The Sunrise/Sunset Page will calculate sunrise and sunset times for any
location and date worldwide. This can be helpful if you wish to be at your
favorite fishing spot at the crack of dawn, or if you wish to return home before
dark.

When first selected, this page displays the time of sunrise and sunset for your
position and date. You may enter the waypoint and date of your choice.

To calculate sunrise and sunset times...

· Enter the desired waypoint name. If you wish to use your present
position, leave it blank.

· Enter the desired date. The GPS 100 will display the sunrise and
sunset times for the waypoint and date you have entered. If you have
selected local time on the Date/Time Page, the sunrise and sunset
times will be displayed in local time. Otherwise, they will be displayed
in UTC time (see Section 10.1 for more information on time selections).

10.5 BATTERY TIMER

BATTERY TIMER PAGE

The Battery Timer Page indicates whether the GPS 100 is operating on a
battery pack or from an external power source. Additionally, it displays the
accumulated time which a battery pack has been used. You may want to
reset the timer, (by entering all zero's in the timer field), when a fresh battery
pack is inserted.
.

10-5

CHAPTER 1 1

GPS STATUS AND UNIT CUSTOMIZATION

The GPS 100 is designed for maximum flexibility. The unit features Setup
Pages that allow you to customize your unit by setting a wide array of
parameters. You may cycle through the GPS Status and Setup Pages as
illustrated below by pressing the SET key until the desired page is displayed.
As you change setup parameters, keep in mind that the changes you make
will not become effective until you move the cursor over “OK?” and press the
ENT key.

GPS STATUS PAGE DATA TRANSFER PAGE

ALARM PAGE MAP DATUM/INTERFACE PAGE

CDI SETTINGS PAGE UNITS PAGE

OFFSET NAV/MAG VAR PAGE AUDIO/DISPLAY PAGE

11-1

11.1 GPS STATUS

Receiver Status EPE/DOP

Satellite ID

Signal Quality

GPS STATUS PAGE

The GPS Status Page shows the status of the receiver and estimated
position error (EPE) or dilution of precision (DOP). (See Section 5.2 for more
information on EPE and DOP.) The following is a list of possible receiver
status messages :

SEARCH SKY” The GPS 100 is in the process of searching the sky for

visible satellites. You will be informed with the message
“SEARCHING THE SKY”.

“ACQUIRING” The GPS 100 is in the process of acquiring visible

satellites.

“2D NAV” The GPS 100 is in the 2D navigation mode. You must

supply the GPS 100 with altitude.

“3D NAV” The GPS 100 is in the 3D navigation mode and will

compute altitude.

“2D QFIX" The GPS 100 is in the 2D QuickFixTM mode. You must

supply the GPS 100 with altitude.

“3D QFIX" The GPS 100 is in the 3D QuickFixTM mode and will

compute altitude.

“SIMULATOR" The GPS 100 is in the simulator mode. This mode

should be used only for practice and trip planning.
Never use this mode for actual navigation.

“POOR CVRGE" The GPS 100 is unable to acquire sufficient satellites

for navigation.

11-2

“NEED ALT” The GPS 100 needs altitude in order to start and/or

continue 2D navigation. Go to the Position Page and
enter altiitude (see Section 5.2 for more information).

“NOT USABLE” The GPS 100 is unusable (possibly due to incorrect

initialization data or abnormal satellite conditions). Turn
the unit off and back on. Check the initialization data.

The GPS Status Page also shows the identifier and signal quality of up to 8
visible satellites. The identifier is a character from “1” through “9” and “A”
through “W” (the letters “A” to “W” represent satellites 10 through 32). Below
each satellite identifier is the signal quality number, 1 through 9, with 9
indicating the strongest signal. If a satellite is visible but not tracked, the
signal status will be blank.

11.2 USER SELECTABLE ALARMS

Alarm Distance Alarm Switch

ALARM PAGE

The Alarm Page features 3 alarms: CDI, arrival, and anchor drag. When an
alarm condition occurs, you will be notified with an alarm tone and a
message.

The CDI alarm will notify you with an alarm tone and the message “CDI
ALARM” if your craft has deviated from course beyond the limit you set. This
can be useful while navigating a narrow channel or flying in an airway. If you
are using the offset navigation feature (see Section 11.4), keep in mind that
your course deviation is relative to the parallel track you selected, not the
original course.

To set the CDI alarm...

· Enter the CDI alarm distance. The cursor will move over the cyclic
field to the right of the CDI alarm distance.

· Press the CLR key to select “ON” for the CDI alarm.

11-3

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key. The CDI alarm
is now armed.

To turn off the CDI alarm...

· Move the cursor over the cyclic field to the right of the CDI alarm
distance. Press the CLR key to select “OFF” for the CDI alarm.

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key. The CDI alarm
is now cleared.

The arrival alarm will inform you with an alarm tone and the message
“ARRIVAL AT _____” when you reach your destination. If your speed is less
than 65 knots, the alarm radius you enter will also be used to inform you when
you approach a waypoint with the message “APPROACHING _____”.

To set the arrival alarm...

· Enter the arrival alarm distance.

· Press the CLR key to select “ON” for the arrival alarm.

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key. The arrival alarm
is now armed.

To turn off the arrival alarm...

· Move the cursor over the cyclic field to the right of the arrival alarm
distance. Press the CLR key to select “OFF” for the arrival alarm.

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key. The arrival alarm
is now cleared.

The GPS 100 is capable of monitoring your anchor for slippage. If your boat
drifts away from the anchor position more than the specified distance, you will
be informed with an alarm tone and the message “ANCHOR DRAG ALARM”.

11-4

To set the anchor drag alarm...

· Enter the anchor alarm distance.

· Press the CLR key to select “ON” for the anchor drag alarm.

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key. The anchor drag
alarm is now armed.

To turn off the anchor drag alarm...

· Move the cursor over the cyclic field to the right of the anchor drag
distance. Press the CLR key to select “OFF” for the anchor drag
alarm.

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key. The anchor drag
alarm is now cleared.

11.3 CDI SETTINGS

CDI Scale

CDI Orientation

CDI SETTINGS PAGE

The CDI Settings Page allows you to select the characteristics of the CDI
displayed on the CDI Page (see Section 5.1 for more information on the CDI
Page).

The CDI scale, which refers to the distance that is represented by the CDI,
can be set at ±0.25, ±1.25, ±5.00, and ±10.00 distance units. For example,
if your CDI is set to ±5.00 nautical miles, the ends of the CDI represent left
and right 5.0 nautical miles of cross track error. (Some autopilots may not
perform well using the most sensitive CDI settings. In this event, you may
wish to select a less sensitive setting to avoid “hunting”.)

11-5

To set the CDI scale...

· Move the cursor over the cyclic field to the right of “CDI SCALE” and
use the CLR key to select the desired CDI scale.

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

You may select the orientation of the CDI center. If you wish to have the
center of the CDI represent your desired course, the CDI hash will represent
your position. You must steer toward the center of the CDI to eliminate cross
track error. If you wish to have the center of the CDI represent your position,
the CDI hash will represent the desired course. You must steer toward the
CDI hash to eliminate cross track error.

To select the CDI orientation...

· Move the cursor over the cyclic field to the right of “STEER TO”.

· If you wish the center of the CDI to represent your desired course, use
the CLR key to select “CENTER” (typically used in the marine
environment). Select “D-BAR” to have the center of the CDI represent
your position (typically used in the aviation environment).

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

11.4 OFFSET NAVIGATION/MAGNETIC VARIATION

Offset
Distance
(left or right)

Heading Mode Select Mag Var

OFFSET NAV/MAG VAR PAGE

The GPS 100 features parallel offset navigation which allows you to track to
the left or right of your course by a desired distance (see Section 12.2 for an
application example using offset navigation).

11-6

To use offset navigation...

· Move the cursor over the offset distance.

· If you wish to navigate to the left of your course, simply enter the
desired offset distance. Otherwise press the CLR key, followed by
“R”, and then enter the desired offset distance.

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

While using offset navigation, you will be informed with the message
“OFFSET NAV IN EFFECT”. (NOTE: Offset navigation is only available for
route navigation. You will be informed with the message “CANNOT OFST
GOTO RTE” if offset navigation is not allowed. If you enter a large offset
which causes a leg to be reversed, you will be informed with the message
“OFST TOO BIG FOR RTE” and offset navigation will not become effective.
If you activate a new route or use the GOTO function, offset navigation will
be cancelled and you will be informed with the message “OFFSET NAV
CANCELLED”.)

To cancel offset navigation...

· Move the cursor over the offset distance. Press the CLR key followed
by the ENT key.

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

The GPS 100 offers you three magnetic variation options. You may select
TRUE, AUTO, or USER magnetic correction for all track, course, and
heading information. If you select TRUE, all information displayed on other
pages will be referenced to the true North pole. If you select AUTO magnetic
heading, all information will be corrected with the automatic magnetic
variation computed by the GPS 100. If you select USER magnetic heading,
all information will be corrected by the magnetic variation you enter.

To select true heading...

· Move the cursor over the heading mode select field and press the CLR
key until “TRUE HDG” is displayed.

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

11-7

To select automatic magnetic heading...

· Move the cursor over the heading mode select field and press the CLR
key until “AUTO MAG” is displayed. The automatic magnetic variation
at the present position will be displayed.

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

To select user magnetic heading...

· Move the cursor over the heading mode select field and press the CLR
key until “USER MAG” is displayed.

· Move the cursor over the magnetic variation and enter the desired
value.

· With the cursor over “OK?” press the ENT key.

11.5 AUDIO/DISPLAY CHARACTERISTICS

Tone Select

Light Timeout

Select

Contrast Select

AUDIO/DISPLAY PAGE

The Audio/Display Setup Page allows you to select the characteristics of the
audio tones and display.

To select audio tones...

· Move the cursor over the tone select field and press the CLR key until
the desired tone setting is selected. Select “MSG AND KEY” to turn
on both message and keypress feedback, “MSG ONLY” to turn on
message tone only, or “NONE” to turn off both.

· Move the cursor over “OK? and press the ENT key.

11-8

While operating under battery power, the GPS 100 will automatically turn the
backlighting off for you after a specified period of time (backlighting is
restored by pressing any key). This feature will help you conserve battery
power.

To set the backlighting timeout...

· Move the cursor over the light timeout select field, press the CLR key
to select the desired timeout delay. You may select 30 seconds, 60
seconds, 120 seconds, or “NONE” (which means the backlighting will
never turn off while the unit is operating).

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

The GPS 100 display contrast may be adjusted to suit your viewing angle
needs.

To change the display contrast...

· Move the cursor over “CHANGE CONTRAST?” and press the ENT
key. The page will change as illustrated below.

· Press the right or left arrow key to adjust the contrast.

· Press the ENT key to confirm the contrast changes.

11.6 NAVIGATION DISPLAY UNITS

Position

Distance/Speed Altitude/

Vertical Speed

Pressure Temperature

UNITS PAGE

11-9

The GPS 100 allows you to select position, distance, speed, and altitude
units that best suit your needs. In addition, aviation users may select
pressure and temperature units for density altitude/TAS calculations.

To set the position format...

· Move the cursor over the position format field and press the CLR key
to select “DEG-MIN-SEC” (degrees, minutes, and seconds), or “DEG­MIN” (degrees and hundredths of minutes.)

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

To select the distance and speed units...

· Move the cursor over the cyclic field immediately to the right of "NAV”
and press the CLR key to select the desired distance and speed units.
You may select from Nautical units (nm, kt), Statute units (mi, mh),
or Metric units (km, kh).

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

To select the altitude and vertical speed units...

· Move the cursor over the cyclic field immediately to the right of “ALT”
and press the CLR key to select the desired altitude units. You may
select from English units (ft, FPM), or Metric units (mt, MPM).

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

To set the pressure and/or temperature units...

· Move the cursor over the cyclic field to the right of “PRES” and press
the CLR key to select the desired pressure units. You may select from
inches of mercury (HG), or millibars (MB).

· Move the cursor over the cyclic field to the right of “TEMP” and press
the CLR key to select the desired temperature units. You may select
from Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C).

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

11-10

11.7 MAP DATUM/INTERFACE

Database Region

Map Datum

Output Format

MAP DATUM/INTERFACE PAGE

The Map Datum/Interface Page allows you to select the database region,
map datum, and output data format.

The GPS 100 provides you direct access to a worldwide navigation database.
However, you may reduce the number of duplicate waypoint occurrences
and the size of waypoint scanning lists by selecting a specific region of
operation.

To set the database region...

•

Move the cursor over the database region field and press the CLR key
to select the desired region for database search. You may select
WORLDWIDE or NORTH AMERICA or INTERNATIONAL for the
entire database, or AFRICA, CANADA/ALASKA, E EUROPE/CHINA,
EUROPE, LATIN AMERICA, MIDDLE EAST/SOUTH ASIA, PACIFIC,
SOUTH AMERICA, SOUTH PACIFIC, and US CONTINENT (see
Appendix D for a list of the countries associated with each database
region).

The GPS 100 calculates your position based on the WGS-84 map datum. If
your charts (or other electronic devices) are created using a different datum,
you must set the GPS 100 map datum for consistency (a position in the
WGS-84 datum could differ by 1000 feet or more from one calculated using
another datum). Check the datum in the legend of your chart and the
manuals of your other navigation equipment interfaced to the GPS 100.

11-11

To set the map datum...

· Move the cursor over the output format and press the CLR key to
select the desired map datum. You may select from AUSTRALIA,
EUROPE, GREAT BRITAIN, HAWAII, INDIA, IRELAND, NAD27
ALASKA, NAD27 CANADA, NAD27 USA, NAD83, NEW ZEALAND,
SOUTH AFRICA, SOUTH AMERICA, TOKYO, WGS72, and WGS84.

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

You may select the output data format of the GPS 100. “NMEA 0180”,
“NMEA 0182” and “NMEA 0183” are available for interfacing with other
marine electronic devices. The “AVIATION” format is used in aviation
installations. You may select “DOWNLOAD” to download your stored
waypoints and routes from the GPS 100 to a personal computer. Finally, you
may turn the output “OFF” if you do not use the interface (see Section 14.1
for more information on NMEA interfaces).

To select the GPS 100 output format...

· Move the cursor over the cyclic field to the right of “OUTPUT” and
press the CLR key to select the desired output format.

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

11.8 WAYPOINT/ROUTE TRANSFER

Number of Waypoints
Transmitted/Received

Transfer Select Field

Number of Routes
Transmitted/Received

DATA TRANSFER PAGE

Waypoints and routes may be transferred from one GPS 100 to another, or
from a PC to a GPS 100. The Data Transfer Page allows you to select the
desired data transfer operation (receive waypoints/routes or transmit
waypoints/routes). Data transfer operations require an optional PC kit or
data transfer cable.

11-12

One of two methods may be chosen to receive waypoints and routes from
a PC or from another GPS 100. “RECEIVE (UPDATE)” allows the unit to
receive new waypoints and routes without deleting old waypoints and routes
not changed by the receive operation. “RECEIVE (REPLACE)” deletes all
of the unit’s old waypoints and routes, including waypoints used in proximity
alarms, and replaces them with new waypoints.

To transfer waypoints and routes from a PC to a GPS 100...

· Select “RECEIVE (UPDATE)” or “RECEIVE (REPLACE)” on the
Data Transfer Page.

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

· Run the PC upload program.

· The GPS 100 will display the message “WPT/RTE RX STARTED”
when the first data record is received. The number of waypoints and
routes received will be displayed on line 2.

· The PC will indicate when the transfer operation is complete.

· Select “STOP” and press the ENT key with the cursor over “OK?” to
stop the transfer and continue normal operation.

To transfer waypoints and routes from one GPS 100 to another...

· Select “RECEIVE (UPDATE)” or “RECEIVE (REPLACE)” on the
Data Transfer Page of the unit to receive the waypoints and routes.

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

· Select “TRANSMIT” on the unit that will transmit waypoints and
routes.

· Move the cursor over “OK?” and press the ENT key.

· The receiving GPS 100 will display the message “WPT/RTE RX
STARTED” when the first data record is received. The number of
received waypoints and routes will be displayed on line 2 (the
transmitting GPS 100 will also display the number of waypoints and
routes transmitted).·

The transmitting GPS 100 will display the message “WPT/RTE TX
COMPLETE” when all data has been transmitted.

· Select “STOP” and press the ENT key with the cursor over “OK?” to
stop the transfer and continue normal operation.

NOTE: While a GPS 100 is receiving or transmitting waypoint and route
data, only the Message Page may be viewed (i.e., any keypress to access
another page will result in the error tone).

11-13

CHAPTER 12

ADVANCED FEATURES

12.1 BUILDING ROUTES USING AutoStore

GARMIN’s AutoStoreTM feature, introduced in Chapter 8, allows you to
capture your position and store it in a route of your choice at the touch of a
button. By doing so, you are building a route consisting of waypoints stored
along the path you travel.

TM

Suppose you are heading out for a long day of fishing. You are not sure, due
to the fantastic fishing reported in the area, if you will return before dark. You
do, however, want to record your path as you proceed to your destination so
that you can safely return from the opposite direction. Simply use the
AutoStoreTM function to record strategic waypoints as you travel and insert
these waypoints in an empty route (e.g. Route 5) from the AutoStoreTMPage
(see Chapter 8 for more information).

12-1

When you are ready to return, activate the route you created in reverse order
(use “INV?” instead of “ACT?” when activating the route). The GPS 100 will
automatically guide you back to your destination by passing over the
waypoints you created! As an added benefit, you now have a route that will
take you back to your fishing spot at any time.

12.2 PARALLEL OFFSET NAVIGATION

WPT2

3 NM

WPT1

Parallel offset navigation, introduced in Section 11.4, can be extremely
useful in either the marine or aviation environment. Offset navigation allows
you to translate your course to the left or right of the actual route by a distance
you choose. This feature can help you stay clear of dangerous areas and can
also help with specialized navigation such as shrimping, weather avoidance,
airway navigation, or search and rescue.

Suppose you are navigating in an area with a coast line as illustrated above.
You wish to navigate a course that is 3 nautical miles off the coast. Create
several waypoints along the coast line. Create and activate a route using
these waypoints, then go to the Offset Navigation/Mag Var Page to set the
offset distance.

WPT3

WPT4

12-2

The GPS 100 will automatically guide you along the offset path as you
desired!

12.3 COURSE TO STEER (CTS)

Course To Steer (see Section 5.1) is a GARMIN exclusive that recommends
an optimal direction to steer that will guide you to the course and proceed
efficiently along your route. CTS will even help you steer around a smoothed
turn when using your GPS 100 in an airplane!

As an example, suppose you activate the route illustrated above. The GPS
100 chooses the closest leg with a desired track of 45 degrees but your
position happens to be 2 nautical miles off course. The unit will automatically
compute the optimal course to steer (which is 15° in this example). Simply
go to the CDI page, select “CTS” on line 2, and “TRK” on line 3. Turn your
craft such that your track (TRK) matches the recommended course to steer.

12-3

As you approach the course, CTS will slowly change and, once on course,
will be identical to the desired track.

12.4 VERTICAL NAVIGATION

The vertical navigation (VNAV) function, introduced in Section 9.5, will help
you plan climbs and descents and will recommend the altitude at which you
should be in order to accomplish the desired maneuver.

9500 feet

5 nm

2500 feet

Suppose you are travelling from Denver, Colorado to the Beech factory in
Wichita, Kansas. You are flying VFR at 9,500 feet MSL. You wish to be at
2500 feet (500 feet above Beech's traffic pattern altitude) 5 nautical miles
from the airport. Additionally, you wish to descend at 1000 feet per minute.
Enter the above data on the VNAV Planning page and turn the VNAV function
on.

The GPS 100 will inform you when it is time to begin your descent into Beech
with the message “START ALTITUDE CHNG”.

While descending, monitor the page for the recommended altitude during the
maneuver (displayed in the FROM altitude field).

12-4

When the recommended altitude is within 1000 feet of the final altitude, the
GPS 100 will inform you with the message “ FINAL ALTITUDE ALERT”.

12.5 CLOSEST POINT OF APPROACH

The closest point of approach feature, introduced in Section 7.6, allows you
to create a waypoint on the path of a route that is directly abeam a reference
waypoint of interest such as a navigation aid. This feature will help you locate
your position relative to known points nearby your route.

Suppose you are navigating around the coastline of a point with a lighthouse
as illustrated above. You need to know when you pass abeam the lighthouse
so that you can turn inland but, due to poor visibility, you cannot see the
lighthouse. The CPA function will help you find your way!

First, create a waypoint with the position of the lighthouse (this information
should be available on your map or chart). Go to the CPA page, enter the
route number (0 if it is your active route) and the name of the waypoint
representing the lighthouse.

12-5

In the above illustration, the GPS 100 calculated the closest point of
approach as 025°, 5.9 nautical miles from the lighthouse. This is the point
along your route at which you will pass abeam the lighthouse. If you want this
point to be a part of your route, simply press the ENT key with the cursor over
“OK?”. This places a waypoint named “LTHS0” into your route giving you the
ability to navigate to the closest point of approach — and know exactly when
you pass abeam the lighthouse!

Suppose your are departing Love Airport in Dallas, Texas (KDAL) bound for
Adams Field in Little Rock, Arkansas (KLIT). You wish to proceed direct to
Little Rock, but Air Traffic Control (ATC) requires an additional waypoint
along your route. You determine that your direct route will take you past the
Texarkana VOR (TXK). Use the CPA function to create a waypoint on your
direct route from Dallas to Little Rock.

In this example, the GPS 100 created a CPA waypoint on the 334° radial 27.5
nautical miles from TXK. This waypoint allows you to comply with ATC
requests while flying a direct route from Dallas to Little Rock.

12-6

CHAPTER 13

MESSAGES

The GPS 100 uses the Message Page to communicate important information
to you. Some messages are advisory in nature, others are warnings that may
require your intervention. This chapter provides a complete list of GPS 100
messages and their meanings. Please pay careful attention to all messages.

ACQUIRING ADDNL SATS - The GPS 100 is operating in the QuickFix
mode and is in the process of acquiring additional satellites. The GPS 100
antenna should be held in full view of the sky until this message is removed
from the Message Page.

ALARM CLOCK 1 - The alarm time for alarm clock 1 has been reached.
ALARM CLOCK 2 - The alarm time for alarm clock 2 has been reached.
ANCHOR DRAG ALARM - Your craft has drifted outside the anchor drag

radius set on the Alarm Page.
APPRCHNG OFFST _____ - You are less than one minute from reaching

the indicated waypoint offset by the parallel track distance.
APPROACHING _____ - You are less than one minute from reaching the

indicated waypoint.
ARRIVAL AT _____ - Your craft has entered the arrival alarm circle for the

indicated waypoint.
ARRVL AT OFFST _____ - Your craft has entered the arrival alarm circle for

the indicated waypoint offset by the parallel track distance.

TM

BATTERY LOW - The battery pack is low on power. AA batteries should be
replaced or the rechargeable battery pack should be recharged for continued
operation.

CANNOT CHNG ACTV WPT - An attempt has been made to modify the
position of the “active to” or “active from” waypoint. The GPS 100 will not
allow the modifications.

CANNOT OFST GOTO RTE - An attempt has been made to engage the

13-1

offset navigation feature while the GPS 100 is navigating using a single
waypoint route. The GPS 100 will not allow offset navigation in this situation.

CDI ALARM - Your course deviation has exceeded the limit you specified on
the Alarm Page.

COLLECTING DATA - The GPS100 is collecting orbital data while searching
the sky. The antenna should have a good view of the sky and the GPS 100
should be allowed to finish data collection before turning the unit off.

DEGRADED ACCURACY - The accuracy of the GPS 100 position is
degraded (beyond the lesser of the CDI alarm, the Anchor Drag alarm, or 500
meters) due to satellite geometry or data quality. Additional cross checking
should be performed by the user to verify the integrity of the GPS 100
position.

DO NOT USE FOR NAV - The GPS 100 is in the simulator mode and must
not be used for actual navigation.

FINAL ALTITUDE ALERT - The suggested altitude is within 1000 feet of the
final altitude entered on the VNAV Planning Page.

INVALD CPA WPT _____ - The closest point of approach cannot be created
from the waypoint entered on the CPA Page. This occurs when the
computed point does not fall on one of the route legs, or when a unique
waypoint name for the closest point of approach cannot be found.

LEG NOT SMOOTHED - The upcoming leg is too short for smooth waypoint
transitions. Expect a rapid change in the CDI.

MEMORY BATTERY LOW - The battery that sustains user memory is low
and should be replaced by an authorized GARMIN service center as soon
as possible. Failure to do so may result in loss of stored data, including all
user waypoints and routes.

NEED ALT - PRESS NAV - The GPS 100 needs altitude input in order to start
and/or continue 2D navigation. Press the NAV key and enter your antenna
altitude on the Position Page. The altitude you enter should be as accurate
as possible. An inaccurate altitude will directly translate into inaccurate
position and navigation information.

13-2

OFFSET NAV CANCELLED - Offset navigation has been cancelled due to
a GOTO operation or activation of a new route.

OFFSET NAV IN EFFECT - Offset navigation mode is in effect.
OFST TOO BIG FOR RTE - The parallel track distance is too large for the

active route.
OSC NEEDS ADJUSTMENT - The GPS 100 has detected excessive drift

in its internal crystal oscillator which may result in longer acquisition time.
The unit should be taken to an authorized GARMIN service center as soon
as possible.

POOR GPS COVERAGE - The GPS 100 cannot acquire sufficient satellites
necessary to provide navigation.

PWR DOWN AND RE-INIT - The GPS 100 is unusable until power has been
cycled and the unit re-initialized. Questionable initial UTC date, time or
position may have been entered on the Initialization Page or abnormal
satellite conditions may exist.

PROX ALARM-PRESS NAV - Your craft has penetrated the alarm circle of
a proximity waypoint. Press the NAV key to see the bearing and distance to
the proximity waypoint.

PROXIMITY OVERLAP - The circles defined by two proximity waypoints
overlap. When entering the area of the overlap, the GPS 100 will alarm you
of the closest proximity waypoint, but not both. You should be certain this
condition is desirable.

PROXIMITY WPT MOVED - One or more proximity waypoints were moved
at least 0.33 arc minutes due to a database change.

PROXIMTY WPT DELETED - One or more proximity waypoints were
deleted due to a database change.

READY FOR NAVIGATION - The GPS 100 is ready for navigation.
RECEIVER FAILED - The GPS 100 has detected a failure in the receiver

hardware. If the message persists, the GPS 100 is unusable and should be
taken to an authorized GARMIN service center.

13-3

ROM FAILED - The GPS 100 has detected a failure in its permanent
memory. If this message occurs, the unit is unusable and should be taken
to an authorized GARMIN service center.

ROUTE IS FULL - An attempt has been made to add more than 9 waypoints
to a route. The GPS 100 will not allow more than 9 waypoints per route.

ROUTE IS NOT EMPTY - An attempt has been made to copy a route to a
non-empty route. The GPS 100 will not allow you to copy a route to a non­empty route.

ROUTE WPT DELETED - One or more route waypoints were deleted due
to a database change.

ROUTE WPT MOVED - One or more route waypoints were moved at least

0.33 arc minutes due to a database change.
SEARCHING THE SKY - The GPS 100 is in the search-the-sky mode. Allow

the unit to complete data collection before turning it off.
START ALTITUDE CHNG - The altitude change entered on the VNAV

Planning Page is about to begin.
STEEP TURN AHEAD - This message appears approximately 1 minute

prior to a turn that requires a bank angle in excess of 25 degrees in order to
stay on course.

STORED DATA LOST - Stored user data, including waypoints, routes, and
satellite orbital data have been lost due to a low memory battery.

TIMER 1 EXPIRED - Count down timer 1 has expired.
TIMER 2 EXPIRED - Count down timer 2 has expired.
VNAV CANCELLED - The VNAV function has been cancelled due to a

change in the active route.
WPT EXISTS _____ - You have entered a waypoint name on the Au-

toStoreTM Page or Waypoint Catalog Page that already exists in memory.
Enter a waypoint name that does not exist.

WPT MEMORY FULL - The waypoint memory is full. You should delete
unused waypoints to make room for new waypoints.

13-4

INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE

14.1 SPECIFICATIONS

CHAPTER 14

GPS 100 Specifications

—————————————————————————————­PHYSICAL

Case: Splash and corrosion proof
Size: 6.25"w x 3.95"d x 2"h (159mm x 100mm x 51mm)
Weight: 25 ounces (0.71kg) with AA battery pack

28 ounces (0.80kg) with rechargeable battery pack

POWER

Input: Rechargeable battery pack

Alkaline battery pack (6 AA size)
10-33V DC with power cable
115V or 230V AC with battery charger

Current: 245 milliamps in Normal mode using batteries (445 mil-

liamps with full backlighting); 155 milliamps in Battery Saver
mode when using batteries (355 milliamps with full back­lighting); 145 milliamps when using 12V DC external power
(265 milliamps with full backlighting).

*

ENVIRONMENTAL

Temperature: -15°C to +70°C (+5°F to +158°F ) operating

-40°C to +70°C (-40°F to +158°F) storage

Humidity: 95% non-condensing

PERFORMANCE

Receiver: MultiTracTM, tracking up to 8 satellites

14-1

Acquisition Time : 2 minutes 2D
(typical) 2.5 minutes 3D

15 seconds QuickFix

TM

Update Rate: Once per second, continuously
Accuracy: Position: 15 meters (49 ft) RMS

**

Velocity: 0.1 knots RMS steady state

Dynamics: 695 knots velocity, 3g dynamics

INTERFACES

NMEA 0180, NMEA 0182
NMEA 0183 with BWC, GLL, RMB, RMC, R00, WPL and XTE
AVIATION (proprietary)

PC download
—————————————————————————————­NOTES:

* All specifications are subject to change without notice.
** Subject to accuracy degradation to 100m 2DRMS under the United

States Department of Defense imposed Selective Availability program.

14.2 AVIATION RACK OPERATION

The aviation installation allows you to remove your GPS 100 from the rack
for portable or take-home planning use.

14-2

To remove the GPS 100 from the aviation rack...

· Gently push the GPS 100 into the rack with one hand to unload the
springs along the sides of the rack. (Do not apply pressure to the
display lens.) Firmly insert an ejector pin into each side of the unit
using the other hand. (Do not use any sharp tool as a substitute;
damage to the retainer springs or the unit may result.)

· Gently slide the unit from the rack.

To insert the GPS 100 into the aviation rack...

· Gently push the GPS 100 into the rack until the unit locks securely
into place.

14.3 AVIATION INTERFACE SETUP

The aviation rack contains an electronic module which provides interfaces to
other aviation instruments. Before installing the GPS 100 into the aviation
rack, several operating parameters need to be set. (See Chapter 11 for more
information.) The following configuration is required when using the aviation
rack:

STEER TO > D-BAR (see Section 11.3)
OUTPUT > AVIATION (see Section 11.7)

Additionally, proper setup of the following parameters are required. Typical
settings are:

CDI SCALE > ±5.00 (see Section 11.3)
NAV > nm kt (see Section 11.6)
ALT > ft FPM (see Section 11.6)
DATUM > WGS 84 or as indicated on your navigation charts.

(see Section 11.7.)

14.4 PRE-FLIGHT CHECKOUT PROCEDURE

The following checkout procedures should be performed prior to using the
GPS 100:

· With power applied to the aviation rack, turn the GPS 100 on. The
Self-Test Page will be displayed.

14-3

· Verify that the external CDI is deflected half scale left (2.5 dots).

· Verifty that the TO/FROM FLAG on the CDI is in the TO position.

· Verify that the NAV FLAG on the CDI is out of view.

· Verifty that the MESSAGE ANNUNCIATOR(s) are illuminated.

· Verify the RMI indicates 315°.

14.5 MARINE/MOBILE ELECTRICAL WIRING (OPTIONAL)

The GPS 100 power/data cable allows you to connect the unit to vehicle
power systems, other marine electronics, and a remote alarm/beeper. The
harness will plug into the connector located at the left rear corner of the GPS

100.

To connect to vehicle power systems...

· Connect the RED harness lead (with fuse) to the positive (+) side of
a 12 or 24 volt DC power source.

· Connect the BLACK harness lead to the negative (-) side of the 12 or
24 volt DC power source.

You may also power your GPS 100 using a 12 or 24V automobile type
cigarette lighter by connecting a lighter adapter to the power/data cable.

14-4

To connect lighter adapter...

· Connect the RED harness lead to the positive (+) adapter lead.

· Connect the BLACK harness lead to the negative (-) adapter lead.

The GPS 100 will drive a remote alarm or relay that requires no more than
100 milliamps of current. (WARNING: Devices which draw current in excess
of 100 milliamperes may damage your unit and will void your warranty.
Consult the instructions included with the remote alarm or relay for current
drain information.)

To connect to a remote alarm system...

· Connect the BLUE harness lead to the negative side of a transistor
alarm or relay switch.

· Connect the positive side of the alarm or relay to the positive side of
the 12 volt DC power source.

The GPS 100 may be connected to other marine electronics such as an
autopilot or plotter which use an NMEA 0180, NMEA 0182 or NMEA 0183
data interface. The unit can provide data for up to 3 NMEA “listeners”
simultaneously. Refer to installation instructions of these devices for further
information.

To connect the GPS 100 to an NMEA electronic device...

· Connect the YELLOW harness lead to the NMEA “A” line of a two­wire, shielded cable.

· Connect the BLACK harness lead to the NMEA “B” line of the shielded
cable.

· Connect the BLACK harness lead to the shield of the shielded cable.
(The opposite end of the shield should not be grounded.)

14-5

14.6 GIMBAL BRACKET INSTALLATION (OPTIONAL)

The GPS 100 comes with a standard slide-in gimbal bracket for fixed
installations. The gimbal bracket may be mounted on a flat surface or
overhead using screws or bolts.

14-6

To install the slide mount...

· Place the slide mount into the metal bracket. You may need to pull
both sides of the metal bracket apart slightly to allow room for the slide
mount.

· Secure the assembly with the supplied washers and knobs. Make
certain the teeth of the bracket and slide mount are meshed.

To change the slide mount angle...

· Loosen the two knobs at least 2 or 3 turns.

· Rotate the slide mount to the desired angle.

· Re-tighten the knobs.

14.7 SLIDE MOUNT OPERATION (OPTIONAL)

The slide mount has been designed for easy insertion and removal of your
GPS 100 if you wish to use the unit in another boat/vehicle, plan at home,
or prevent theft.

When placing the GPS 100 into the slide mount, you may leave the battery
pack installed or remove it for separate storage. If you leave the battery pack

14-7

installed, it will provide emergency back up power in the event of vehicle
power failure. When using an external power source, the rechargeable
battery pack will be charged by vehicle power.

To insert the GPS 100 into the slide mount...

· Slip the GPS 100 into the slide mount.

· Gently press on the outer edges of the front panel until the unit
locks securely into place.

· Connect the power/data cable if an external power source is used.

· Connect the portable antenna or the antenna cable.

14-8

To remove the GPS 100 from the slide mount...

· Disconnect the portable antenna or the antenna cable.

· Disconnect the power/data cable if an external power source is
used.

· Gently pull the two thumb latches apart.

· Pull the GPS 100 from the slide mount.

14-9

14.8 BATTERY PACK OPERATION

The GPS 100 battery pack has been designed for easy removal and
insertion.

To remove the battery pack...

· Press and hold the tabs located at the rear of the unit toward the
center.

· Push the battery pack out using your fingers.

To replace the battery pack...

· Push the battery pack into the unit until the tabs snap into place.

14.9 MAINTENANCE

The GPS 100 is constructed of high quality material and does not require user
maintenance. Please refer any repairs to an authorized GARMIN service
center. (The unit contains no user servicable parts, do not attempt repairs
yourself.)

Never allow gasoline or solvents to come into contact with your unit. Damage
to the case may occur which is not covered by your warranty.

14-10

The waypoints, routes, custom settings, and other data stored in the GPS
100 are maintained by an internal battery. (These data will not be lost even
if you remove the AA or rechargeable battery pack for separate storage.) The
internal memory battery should typically last three to five years. If the GPS
100 detects a low memory battery, you will be informed with the message
“MEMORY BATTERY LOW”. You should return your unit to an authorized
GARMIN service center as soon as possible for service. Failure to do so may
result in loss of data each time you turn your unit off (indicated by the
message “STORED DATA LOST”).

Your GPS 100 contains a highly accurate crystal oscillator which may drift
after many years of operation. If the unit detects excessive oscillator drift,
you will be informed with the message “OSC NEEDS ADJUSTMENT”. You
should return your unit to an authorized GARMIN service center as soon as
possible. Failure to do so may result in degraded acquisition performance.

14.10 CUSTOMER SUPPORT

Should you require additional assistance, please contact our Customer
Support Department at our toll free number: 1-800-800-1020.

14-11