Garmin GNS 480 pilot’s guide

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GNS 480

color GPS/WAAS/NAV/COM

pilot’s guide

DRAFT

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Garmin International, Inc. Garmin AT 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. 2345 Turner Rd., SE Salem, OR 97302 Tel. 913/397.8200 or 800/800.1020 Tel. 503/581.8101 or 800/525.6726 Fax 913/397.8282 Fax. 503/364.2138

Garmin (Europe) Ltd. Garmin (Europe) Ltd., Liberty House, Bulls Copse Road, Hounsdown Business Park, Southhampton, SO40 9RB, U.K. Tel: +44 (0) 870 850 1243 (Europe) Fax: +44 (0) 238 052 4004

Garmin Corporation No. 68, Jangshu 2nd Road, Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan Tel. 886/2.2642.9199 Fax 886/2.2642.9099

All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided herein, no part of this manual may be reproduced, copied, transmitted, disseminated, downloaded or stored in any storage medium, for any purpose without the express prior written consent of Garmin. Garmin hereby grants permission to download a single copy of this manual onto a hard drive or other electronic storage medium to be viewed and to print one copy of this manual or of any revision hereto, provided that such electronic or printed copy of this manual must contain the complete text of this copyright notice and provided further that any unauthorized commercial distribution of this manual or any revision hereto is strictly prohibited.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Garmin reserves the right to change or improve its products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements. Visit the Garmin Web site (www.garmin.com) for current updates and supplemental information concerning the use and operation of this and other Garmin products.

Garmin®, GPSMAP®, AutoLocate®, TracBack®, Apollo, and MapSource® are registered trademarks of Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries and may not be used without the express permission of Garmin.

July 2008 Garmin AT Part Number 560-0984-01 Rev. D (Garmin P/N 190-00502-00 Rev B) Printed in the USA

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CAUTION: The Global Positioning System is operated by the United States government, which

is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the Garmin GNS 480 is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and therefore become unsafe.

CAUTION: Use the GNS 480 at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully

review and understand all aspects of this Owner’s Manual and the Flight Manual Supplement, and thoroughly practice basic operation prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GNS 480 to all available navigation sources, including the information from other NAVAIDS, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation.

WARNING: The altitude calculated by the GNS 480 is geometric height above mean sea level

and could vary signiﬁcantly from altitude displayed by pressure altimeters in aircraft. GPS accuracy may be degraded by the U.S. Department of Defense-imposed Selective Availability (SA) programs.

WARNING: The Jeppesen database incorporated in the GNS 480 must be updated regularly in

order to ensure that its information is current. Updates are released every 28 days. A database information packet is included in your GNS 480 package. Pilots using an out-of-date database do so entirely at their own risk!

CAUTION: GPS receivers operate by receiving and decoding very low power radio signals

broadcast by satellites. It is possible that in some situations other radio equipment or electronic equipment used in close proximity to a GPS receiver may create electromagnetic interference (EMI) which may affect the ability of the GPS receiver to receive and decode the satellite signals. In such event, the interference may be reduced or eliminated by switching off the source of interference or moving the GPS receiver away from it.

Introduction

Cautions

NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of FCC limits for Class B digital devices. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by relocating the equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affected equipment. Consult an authorized dealer or other qualiﬁed avionics technician for additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem.

Operation of this device is subject to the following conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

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Introduction

Accessories and Packing List

CAUTION: The Garmin GNS 480 does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should

only be made by an authorized Garmin service center. Unauthorized repairs or modiﬁcations could void your warranty and authority to operate this device under FCC Part 15 regulations.

To obtain accessories for your GNS 480 please contact your Garmin dealer.

Help us better support you by completing our on-line registration form today! Registration ensures that you will be notiﬁed of product updates and new products and provides lost or stolen unit tracking. Please, have the serial number of your GNS 480 handy, connect to our web site (www.garmin.com) and look for our Product Registration link on the home page.

The GNS 480 display lens is coated with a special anti-reﬂective coating which is very sensitive to skin oils, waxes, and abrasive cleaners. It is very important to clean the lens using an eyeglass cleaner that is speciﬁed as safe for anti-reﬂective coatings (one suitable product is Wal-Mart Lens Cleaner) and a clean, lint-free cloth.

Congratulations on choosing the world’s ﬁnest panel-mounted GPS IFR navigation/communication system certiﬁed for primary navigation! The GNS 480 represents Garmin’s continued commitment to providing you with the most advanced technology available today — in an accurate, easy-to-use design suitable for all your ﬂying needs.

Before installing and getting started with your new system, please ensure that your package includes the following items. If any parts are missing or are damaged, please contact your Garmin dealer.

Standard Package:

Your Garmin dealer will perform the installation and conﬁguration of your new GNS 480. After installation, the NavData card will already be installed into the unit. The GNS 480 will be secured in the mounting tube with the proper wiring connections. Have your dealer answer any questions you may have about the installation — such as location of antennas or any connections to other equipment in the panel.

CAUTION: The electronic chart is an aid to navigation and is designed to facilitate the use of

authorized government charts, not replace them. Only ofﬁcial government charts and notices to mariners contain all information needed for save navigation – and, as always, the user is responsible for their prudent use.

• GNS480UnitandNavDataCard

• MountingTubeandInstallationKit

• Pilot’sGuideandQuickReferenceGuide

• GNS480InteractiveTrainingCD

• DatabaseSubscriptionPacket

• WarrantyRegistrationCard

• *GPS Antenna kit is available as a separate option selected at the time of order

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Preface

Thank you for choosing the Garmin GNS 480. The GNS 480 utilizes the proven performance of Garmin GPS and full-featured mapping to create an unsurpassed aviation navigation system. Please take a moment now to compare the contents of this package with the packing list on the outside of the box. If any pieces are missing, please contact your Garmin dealer immediately.

About This Manual

To get the most out of your new navigation system, take time to read this manual and learn the operating procedures for your unit in detail. This manual is organized into the following chapters.

The Introduction chapter contains the Table of Contents.

The Getting Started chapter provides information such as an overview of unit features and how to turn the unit on and adjust the backlight. The GNS 480 also contains a simulator mode to help you get acquainted with its functions and features.

The Basic Operation chapter provides you with information about basic features such as using the Moving Map, Com and Nav radios, navigating a route, and using waypoints. There are also step-by-step directions to assist you in these operations.

The Appendix contains information such as speciﬁcations, optional accessories, and maintenance information. You can also ﬁnd warranty, safety, and FCC information in the Appendix.

An Index is provided at the end of the manual for reference. Simply look up the topic you wish to learn about and read the page or pages listed.

The GNS 480 uses GPS technology in order to ﬁnd your precise

location. GPS stands for Global Positioning System, a group

of 24 satellites, circling the earth twice a day at an altitude of

about 12,000 miles. The satellites transmit very low power

radio signals containing position and time information, allowing

anyone with a GPS receiver to determine their location on

the Earth within 100 meters or better. For more detailed

information regarding GPS, Garmin has prepared a booklet

titled “GPS Guide for Beginners” available from our Web site at

Introduction

Welcome

www.garmin.com.

iii

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Introduction

Table of Contents

Introduction ........................................... i

Cautions .................................................................i

Accessories and Packing List ......................... ii

Welcome ............................................................... iii

Preface................................................................ iii

About This Manual ............................................. iii

Getting Started .................................... 1

Controls .............................................................. 2

Datacard .............................................................. 4

Display ................................................................ 5

Using the Moving Map ........................................ 6

Annunciations ............................................. 11

Starting Up ........................................................ 13

Set Fuel Full and Reserve .................................. 13

Self-Tests ........................................................... 13

Database Check ................................................. 13

View Checklists ................................................. 14

View Messages ................................................... 14

Set Com and Nav Frequencies ........................... 14

Using the Remote Transponder .......................... 15

Change the Transponder (Squawk Code) -

Two Methods ......................................... 15

Transponder Options .................................. 15

Nav Terms Diagram ..................................... 16

Flight Plan Terms Diagram .......................... 16

CreateaNewFlightPlan(QuickMethod) ......... 17

Select a Direct-To a Waypoint in Your Flightplan 1 7

Select a Direct To Waypoint Not in Your Flightplan

................................................................... 17

Find a Nearest Waypoint ................................... 18

Find a Nearest Waypoint Frequency .................. 18

Inserting Terminal Procedures and Approaches . 19

Perform a RAIM Prediction ................................ 19

Moving Map Mode (MAP) ...................................20

True North ........................................................ 20

Moving Map Mode Menu Items ......................... 21

GNS 480 Map Mode Nav Data Options ............. 22

Basic Operation .................................. 24

Nav/HSI Display (NAV) ......................................... 31

Panning (PAN) ...................................................... 33

Range ................................................................ 33

Create a New User waypoint ............................. 33

Direct-To .............................................................. 34

ActFP ................................................................ 34

DB ................................................................... 34

Direct ................................................................ 34

Inserting a Hold at a Waypoint in the Active Flight

Plan ............................................................. 35

Destination (Dest) ............................................. 35

Course-To (CrsTo) ............................................. 36

Course From (CrsFr) ......................................... 36

OBS ................................................................... 37

OBS to a Waypoint in Your Flight Plan .............. 37

OBS to a Waypoint Not in Your Flight Plan ....... 38

FlyLeg ............................................................... 38

Nearest (NRST) Search ......................................... 39

Search Around a Reference Point (SRCH) .......... 39

Nearest Frequency ............................................. 39

FSS and ARTCC Frequencies ............................. 40

Info on Nearest Waypoint .................................. 40

Fly Direct-To a Nearest Waypoint ...................... 40

Using the NRST Function to Change Your

Destination to a Nearest Airport .................. 41

Information on Waypoints (INFO) ........................42

Airport Information ........................................... 42

Airport Frequency Information ................... 43

VOR Information............................................... 44

NDB Information .............................................. 44

Airway Intersection Information ........................ 44

RAIM Prediction ................................................ 45

Com Radio (COM) ................................................ 46

Squelch(SQ) ..................................................... 46

Tx/Rx ................................................................ 46

Monitor (MON)................................................. 46

Recall (RCL) ...................................................... 46

Recent ............................................................... 46

User .................................................................. 47

Emergency ........................................................ 47

Flip/Flop ........................................................... 47

Signal ................................................................ 47

Weather ............................................................. 47

Audio ................................................................ 48

Save Channel..................................................... 48

Nav Radio (VOR) .................................................. 49

DME Distance ................................................... 49

ID ................................................................... 49

Monitor (MON)................................................. 49

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Introduction

Recall (RCL) ...................................................... 50

Flip/Flop ........................................................... 50

ID/To/Fr ............................................................ 50

Back Course ...................................................... 50

Audio ................................................................ 50

User .................................................................. 50

Save Channel..................................................... 50

Test Log ............................................................. 51

Transponder Control (XPDR) ................................ 52

Ident ................................................................. 52

Standby ............................................................. 52

ON ................................................................... 52

ALT ................................................................... 52

Transponder Line Selection Keys ....................... 52

Emergency .................................................. 52

VFR ............................................................. 53

TrgrSpd ....................................................... 53

Auto ............................................................ 53

Flight ID ..................................................... 53

Ground ....................................................... 54

Manually Select a Squawk Code ........................ 54

Flight Planning (FPL) ............................................ 55

Active Flight Plan ........................................ 55

Modiﬁed Flight Plan .................................... 55

Remote Flight Plan ...................................... 55

Library Flight Plan ...................................... 56

Flight Plan Functions ........................................ 56

View ............................................................ 56

Back ............................................................ 56

Edit ............................................................. 56

Expand (XPND) ......................................... 56

Cross Link (X-Link) ................................... 57

Remote Flight Plans ..................................... 57

Reverse (Rvrse) ........................................... 57

Save............................................................. 57

Edit ............................................................. 58

Execute (Exec) ........................................... 58

Comment (Cmnt) ....................................... 58

Copy .......................................................... 58

Discontinuity ..................................................... 59

Pilot Nav Legs ................................................... 59

Searching for Waypoints to Insert into a Flight Plan

................................................................... 60

Activate a Flight Plan ......................................... 61

Delete the Active Flight Plan.............................. 61

Edit a Flight Plan ............................................... 61

Changing Origin, Destination, & Alternate

Waypoints ............................................. 61

Inserting a Waypoint or Airway in Your Flight

Plan ....................................................... 61

Deleting a Waypoint or Airway in Your Flight

Plan ....................................................... 62

Steps for Setting Up a Simple Flight Plan........... 62

Steps for Setting Up a Flight Plan Using Terminal

Procedures and Airways .............................. 62

A. Set Origin, Destination, and Alternate

Waypoints ............................................ 63

B. Add a Standard Instrument Departure (SID)

Procedure .............................................. 63

C. Insert En Route Flight Plan Airways and/or

Waypoints ............................................. 64

D. Modifying a Flight Plan While In Flight . . 64

E. Add Arrival Procedures (STARS) ............. 65

F. Add Approach Procedures........................ 65

LEG TYPES ...................................................... 66

Turn Short Path Calculation ........................ 66

Procedures ........................................................... 75

Selecting Procedures .......................................... 75

Activating an Approach ..................................... 75

Steps for approach operations ..................... 76

Basic Approach Operations Examples ................ 76

Approaches with Procedure Turns ..................... 77

Flying the Procedure Turn ................................. 78

Flying the Missed Approach .............................. 80

Flying an Approach with a Hold ........................ 81

Flying a DME Arc Approach .............................. 84

Vectors To Final ................................................. 87

Flying a Vectored Approach ............................... 88

ILS Approaches ................................................. 90

Selecting an ILS Approach ........................... 91

Flying the ILS Approach .............................. 92

Selecting an LPV Approach................................ 96

Flying the LPV Approach ............................ 96

Flying the LP Approach ..................................... 97

LPV, LNAV/VNAV, LNAV+V, and LNAV Approaches

with Advisory Vertical Guidance ................. 99

Timers (TMR) .....................................................102

Timer 1 and Timer 2 ....................................... 102

Trip Time and Distance ................................... 102

Flight Time and Distance ................................. 103

Trigger Speed .................................................. 103

Checklist (CHK) .................................................. 104

Page 8

Introduction

Creating a New or Editing an Existing Checklist 1 0 4

Using Your Checklist ....................................... 104

Move a Checklist ............................................. 105

User Waypoints (USER) ...................................... 108

Creating or Editing a User Waypoint ............... 108

Searching for a User Waypoint ........................ 108

System Mode (SYS) ............................................ 109

GPS Status ....................................................... 109

Software Versions ............................................ 109

Conﬁguration .................................................. 110

Barometric Correction ............................... 110

Barometric Pressure Units ......................... 110

Magnetic Variation Selection ...................... 111

Magnetic Variation Degree Value ............... 111

CDI Scale .................................................. 111

ILS CDI ..................................................... 112

Distance Units ........................................... 112

Altitude Units ............................................ 112

Fuel Type................................................... 113

Fuel Units ................................................. 113

Fuel Full Amount ...................................... 113

Fuel Low Message ..................................... 114

Display Brightness Selection ...................... 114

Minimum Brightness Value ........................ 115

Message Tone ............................................ 115

Airspace Alerts .......................................... 115

Owner Information ................................... 116

Aircraft Icon .............................................. 116

VFR Squawk ............................................. 116

Enable SBAS Providers ............................. 117

Parallel Track (PTK) ............................................118

Simulator Mode ................................................. 120

Automatic Track (ATK) .................................... 120

Manual Track .................................................. 120

Present Position (PPOS) .................................. 121

Airspeed .......................................................... 121

Messages (MSG) ................................................ 122

Text Messages .................................................. 122

Audio Messages .............................................. 126

Setting Message Audio Level...................... 127

Trafﬁc (TFC) ........................................................ 128

Trafﬁc Display Range Ring ............................... 128

Trafﬁc Symbols ................................................ 128

Trafﬁc Pop-Up ................................................. 129

No-Bearing Trafﬁc Advisories (Skywatch Only) 129

Vertical Display Modes .................................... 130

Operate/Standby ............................................. 130

Test ................................................................. 130

Trafﬁc in Map Mode ........................................ 131

Trafﬁc Annunciations ...................................... 131

Speciﬁcations .................................................... 132

Physical Speciﬁcations ..................................... 132

Power .............................................................. 132

Environmental ................................................. 132

GPS Performance............................................. 132

VHF Comm Performance ................................ 132

VOR Performance ............................................ 132

Localizer Performance ..................................... 132

Glideslope Performance ................................... 132

Care Information .............................................. 133

Cleaning the Unit ............................................ 133

Battery Replacement ........................................ 133

Display Backlight............................................. 133

Appendix ..........................................133

Garmin Data Cards ............................................ 134

Installing and Removing Data Cards ................ 134

Glossary ............................................................. 136

WAAS ................................................................. 143

Safety Information ............................................ 143

What is WAAS? ............................................... 143

Safety Information ........................................... 143

Compliance, License, and Warranty Information 1 4 4

FCC Compliance ............................................. 144

Software License Agreement ............................ 145

Product Registration and Support .................... 145

Limited Warranty ............................................ 146

Index ................................................. 148

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This guide describes the operation of the GNS 480 (CNX80) Color GPS/WAAS NavCom. The GNS 480 (CNX80) provides a new, higher level of accuracy, integrity, integration, ﬂight planning capability, and convenience for the pilot. The GNS 480 (CNX80) combines a large number of easily accessible controls to use the high-resolution color multi-function display, Nav and Com transceivers, GPS/WAAS navigator, and transponder controller all in a single unit. The GNS 480 (CNX80) with the GPS/WAAS navigator is certiﬁed for use as primary navigation equipment for both VFR and IFR operations.

This Pilot’s Guide covers the details, so you can get the most out of your GNS 480 (CNX80), quickly. For more details and examples, refer to the GNS 480 (CNX80) Computer-Based Training (CBT) compact disc and in-

ightdemoDVDwhichareprovidedforyourconvenience.ThesedocumentsandtheQuickReferenceGuide,

when used with the simulator for practice, will prepare you to get the most out your equipment.

Getting Started

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Getting Started

Push the PWR/VOL knob in to turn the unit on. Press the COM, VOR, XPDR keys to activate that mode. Press CDI to select the CDI source. Press SUSP to suspend waypoint sequencing.

Press the “smart” key below the function label to activate the named function. Pressing FN scrolls available functions.

Controls

Power/Volume

The knob at the top left corner of the GNS 480 controls power on/off and the radio volume. Push the PWR/VOL knob in to turn power on. Pull the knob out to turn power off. When the power knob is pulled out, a time-out message and counter will appear for ﬁve seconds. Turning the knob will control the volume of the COM radio, unless the NAV radio is active then the NAV volume is controlled. A white border surrounding the Com, VOR, and XPDR information will ﬂash and the values you can change will be highlighted when each mode is activated.

FN and Function Smart Keys

Press the FN key to page through the available group of Functions that appear at the bottom of the display. The “Smart” function keys located below each label will activate that function.

COM

Select Com radio mode. Press COM. The function and menu item smart keys access more features.

VOR

Select Nav radio mode. Press VOR. The function and menu item smart keys access more features.

XPDR

Select the External Transponder mode, if installed. Press XPDR. The function and menu item smart keys access more features.

CDI

Toggles the main CDI output between GPS and internal VOR/LOC radio sources.

SUSP

Manually suspends or resumes ﬂight plan waypoint sequencing. When waypoint sequencing is suspended, the SUSP annunciator will be displayed in the bottom left corner of the display. The GNS 480 will auto-suspend when required for certain procedures, such as Vectors-To-Final (VTF) mode. In VTF mode, if you are within 45° of the inbound course and you are on the TO side, the “SUSP” mode will turn off and return to normal sequencing. See page 99 for more details.

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MAP

Selects the moving Map mode. Press MAP twice to view Map page 1. Turn the Large knob to view all four MAP pages. The function and menu item smart keys access more features.

Direct-To

Selects the Direct-To page. Menu options allow setting up Direct-To (D->), setting a customized holding pattern around a waypoint (Hold), Course To (CrsTo) a waypoint, Course From (CrsFr) a waypoint, OBS mode uses input from your CDI Course Selector, and activating a given leg of your active ﬂight plan (FlyLeg). The function and menu item smart keys access more features.

NRST

Activates Nearest Search. You can search through the closest 20 of airports, NDBs, VORs, intersections, airspaces, user-created waypoints, Flight Service Station (FSS) with frequency data, and Air Route Trafﬁc Control Center (ARTCC) with frequency data. The function and menu item smart keys access more features.

INFO

Activates Info mode for the highlighted waypoint or the active ﬂight plan (ActFP) waypoint. Information about the selected waypoint such as location, name, a map, frequencies, and more depending on the waypoint type is provided. When frequencies are provided and highlighted, pressing the <-SBY

Press MAP to view the moving map. Press D-> to go direct-to a selection. Press NRST to search for the Nearest . Press INFO to view information about a selected waypoint. Press CLR to clear information or ignore a choice.

or <-A-> keys will insert the selected frequency into the appropriate radio. The function and menu item smart keys access more features.

CLR

Clears text when editing or deletes the highlighted item.

Getting Started

Page 12

Getting Started

MENU/ENTER and Menu Item Keys

When editing information, or a response is required, pressing the Menu/Enter key accepts the value or conﬁrms the response. In COM, VOR, XPDR, and MAP modes, pressing this key will bring up a list of menu items on the right side of the display allowing the pilot to select. The menu items are then selected by pressing the key to the right of it. Pressing the Menu/Enter key while the menu items are shown will remove them from view.

Large/Small Knobs

You can move the cursor or highlight information by turning the Large knob. Turn the Small knob to change information.

CRSR

Press the Small knob in to activate the cursor (CRSR). The area on the display that you can now edit will be highlighted. Now you can change information with the Small knob and move the cursor to the next area to edit with the Large knob. If you are in Map mode, pressing the CRSR activates PAN mode. In Transponder mode, it allows editing squawk codes. In Direct-To and Flight Plan (FPL) modes, activating the CRSR control will help narrow a waypoint search.

Datacard

The Map database and other information is stored on a data card. The use of a data card allows you to easily update information.

NOTE: Only change the data card when the power is turned off or you may damage your unit.

Handle your data card carefully. Do not touch the connector edge of the data card. To eject the card, press the data card ejector. Gently pull the card straight out of the slot. Insert a data card by pushing the card straight into the slot. When fully inserted, the data card and eject button will be ﬂush and slightly recessed into the bezel.

When contacting your dealer or the Garmin customer service staff, eject the data card and write down the information shown on the label.

NOTE: Never insert or eject the data card with the power on.

Page 13

Display

The GNS 480 uses a high-resolution color display to provide information about the different functions. Information and “smart keys” unique for each mode of operation are displayed. Sample displays with a description of common elements are shown below.

When you press the COM, VOR, or XPDR keys on the left side of the display, the window for that function will be outlined and the information active for editing will be highlighted.

The labels for the bottom row of Function smart keys will change for each function selected. Press Menu/Enter to display Menu Item smart keys. The Menu Item smart keys will adjust to the options for each function.

Getting Started

Page 14

Getting Started

Using the Moving Map

The Map mode provides a moving map for a graphic display of your ﬂight including the surrounding area, as well as navigation information to aid your situational awareness. You can customize each of the four Map pages for the Map range and the information displayed, such as Airports, VORs, NDBs, Intersections, User Waypoints, Airspace, Trafﬁc from TIS or Skywatch, Hi and Lo Airways, Flight Plan course line, or Nav information items. When decluttering is selected, the map is automatically decluttered to remove map detail for clarity as you increase the map range.

1. Press MAP to reach Map mode. Radio, Nav, Transponder, CDI, Annunciator, or pilot-customized information is shown on the left side of the display and the map display is shown on the right side.

2. There are four Map pages that you select by turning the Large knob.

3. Turn the Small knob to change the Map range. Map pages 2-4 allow you to customize the Nav display items on the left side of the display and map display detail.

4. Press Menu/Enter to view the Menu items for the choices to customize your display.

5. Press the key next to the Menu item to change the item values.

6. Press the More key to go to the next page of Menu items.

Page 15

The following symbols are used on the map display to depict active legs of ﬂight, waypoint types, and your aircraft.

Getting Started

Turn Left for next flight

plan leg

Turn Right for next

flight plan leg

No course change VORTAC Ownship - Jet

Left Procedure Turn

Outbound

Arc to the Left NDB Flight Plan

Arc to the Right User Waypoint Intersection

Left Procedure Turn

Inbound

Entering Procedure Turn

Right

Right Hand Holding

Pattern Outbound

Airport Ownship - Single

VOR Ownship - Twin

VOR-DME Ownship -

Helicopter

Waypoint

Entering Procedure

Turn Left

Direct-To Left Hand Holding

Right Hand Holding

Pattern Inbound

Left Hand Holding

Pattern Inbound

Pattern Outbound

Page 16

Getting Started

Page 17

Getting Started

Page 18

Getting Started

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Annunciations

The following annunciations appear on the appropriate displays to provide status or information. All annunciations are available on the moving map display. Annunciations may be output to external annunciators.

Annunciation Description

GPS Indicates GPS is being used as the navigation source. Appears in lower left corner of the display.

VOR/ILS/LOC Indicates VOR/ILS/LOC is being used as the navigation source. Appears in lower left

corner of the display.

ENR Appears to the right of the “GPS” annunciator when in En Route mode. When > 30 nm

from departure or destination and not on departure or arrival procedure. CDI resolution is ± 2 nm.

TERM Appears to the right of the “GPS” annunciator when performing approach navigation

within 30 nm of departure or arrival airport. CDI resolution is ± 1 nm.

APPR Appears to the right of the “GPS” annunciator when GPS approach is active, and on Final

Approach course (i.e. VTF or FAF, MAP, or the ﬁrst Missed Approach waypoint is active. CDI resolution is variable for all approaches and becomes more sensitive as you near the runway.

LOI “LOI” (Loss of Integrity) appears on the left side of the map display when WAAS/GPS is

unable to calculate the integrity of the position or calculated integrity is insufﬁcient to support the current phase of ﬂight.

BC The Back Course annunciation appears to the right of “LOC” when the Back Course

Localizer mode is enabled.

DR The Dead Reckoning annunciator appears on the left side of the map display when GPS

position is unavailable and the GNS 480 is in Dead Reckoning mode. Dead Reckoning mode will continue until GPS position is restored or the ﬁrst Pilot Nav leg is reached.

PTK The Parallel Track annunciator appears in the lower left corner of the display when paral-

lel track is active.

SUSP Suspend annunciation appears in the lower left corner of the display when automatic

sequencing of waypoints in the active ﬂight plan is suspended.

Getting Started

Page 20

Getting Started

M Message annunciation appears in the lower left corner of the display when a message is

VTF Vector To Final annunciation appears in the lower left corner of the display when “Vector

ALT Appears for Lnav/Vnav or LPV approaches when the aircraft’s estimated height is lower

CDI Window Shows course deviation, heading, or PILOT NAV.

CDI Window:

Rwy Dist/Brg

CDI Window:

FLAGGED

CDI Window:

HDG xx°

CDI Window:

PILOT NAV

TFC, TFC Fail, TFC STBY,

TFC Test, TFC N/A

LPV, LP, Lnav/Vnav, Lnav,

Lnav+V

available for viewing. A blinking “M” indicates a new message.

To Final” approach mode is active, which may be activated manually or automatically.

than the Final Approach waypoint height by more than the current VPL plus 50 meters.

Shows distance To runway and a bearing direction indicator for LPV, LNAV, and Lnav/ Vnav approaches.

No active guidance is available for the selected Nav source (VHF Nav radio or GPS receiver). For GPS, the usual causes are Loss of GPS position, Loss Of Integrity, or inadequate GPS HPL or VPL on the Final Approach leg.

Displayed when a PILOT NAV Heading Leg is the active ﬂight plan leg. The current heading is shown. If heading information is not available, the ﬁeld is dashed.

Guidance is not provided on this leg by the GNS 480. Use other ﬂight instruments to ﬂy this leg.

Status of the external trafﬁc source.

LPV is for GPS precision approaches. Amber indicates the current vertical (VPL) or horizontal protection level (HPL) exceeds the alarm limit. Green indicates the VPL and HPL are acceptable for LPV or Lnav/Vnav approaches (WAAS environment). LP indicates Localizer Performance with no vertical guidance. LPV indicates Localizer Performance with vertical guidance. Lnav/Vnav indicates an Lnav approach with vertical guidance. Lnav indicates an Lnav only approach with no vertical guidance.

Note that some Lnav/Vnav approaches are not yet marked in the database as such and will show up as Lnav+V. Non-precision GPS approach with advisory vertical guidance. If the chart shows the approach as Lnav/Vnav, it can be ﬂown to Lnav/Vnav minimums.

Page 21

Starting Up

The GNS 480 performs internal checks and shows the status of the tests during start up. The startup screen, owner name (if entered), testing, position, and database information shows on the screen for several seconds and then shows the ﬁrst Map page. It is not generally necessary to enter a GPS seed position unless the unit has either been moved several hundred miles or been unused for six months or so with the power off. A seed position should have been entered the ﬁrst time the unit was turned on during installation.

Power Up

1. Push the PWR/VOL knob in to turn on power.

2. When the position display appears, you can press CHG to manually enter your present position or just wait a few seconds for the GNS 480 to establish your position.

3. The GNS 480 performs a number of tests at startup to ensure proper operation. You may press SKIP to bypass the startup tests, however, completing these tests is required for IFR ﬂight. Any failures will be noted by a message.

Set Fuel Full and Reserve

If a Fuel/Air Data Computer is installed, Fuel Full and Fuel Reserve amounts are entered manually in the Conﬁguration page of System mode and are reﬂected in the start-up screens. On start-up, you will be prompted for the Total Fuel on Board.

Press the Menu/Enter key to accept the displayed amount of fuel or change the displayed amount with the Small knob and then press the Menu/Enter key.

Self-Tests

The GNS 480 performs internal checks and shows the status of the tests during start up. After these internal checks, the GNS 480 is ready to navigate.

Getting Started

Start-Up Display

Database Check

The GNS 480 veriﬁes the integrity and expiration date of the database. Up to two database cycles are supported. The GNS 480 will load the appropriate current database cycle and also let you know if a database is not current (dates invalid).

Database Veriﬁcation

Page 22

Getting Started

The database information can be checked after start-up in the SW Version page of the System function. Press the Menu/Enter key to continue after you have veriﬁed the dates. Valid databases are in green. The database

beingusedhasanasterisk(*)nexttoit,iftherearetwodatabases.Expireddatabasesareamber.

View Checklists

Use a checklist to review preparation for ﬂight.

1. Press FN and then the CHK function smart key.

2. Turn the Large knob to select the desired list and press Menu/Enter.

3. Press CHCK or Menu/Enter as you check each item on the list. The next item in the list will then be highlighted. Checking the last item will take you back to the main Checklist page.

View Messages

You can review system messages by pressing the MSG function smart key. Turn the Large knob to switch between New and Old messages. Turn the Small knob to scroll through the available messages. The Message annunciator (M) will ﬂash until all unread messages have been read. While old messages exist and there are no new messages, the Message annunciator will remain solid. The Message annunciator will not appear when there are no messages.

Set Com and Nav Frequencies

You can set the Com and Nav frequencies manually

1. Press Com for VHF Com frequencies or press VOR for VOR/LOC/ILS frequencies.

2. Turn the Large knob to select MHz and turn the Small knob for kHz of the stand-by frequency.

3. Press the <—> key to ﬂip-ﬂop the active and stand-by frequencies.

4. Press MON to toggle monitoring of the stand-by frequency.

5. Turn the PWR/VOL knob to adjust the audio level.

Page 23

Using the Remote Transponder

The Transponder Control Mode will allow you to control a compatible remotely mounted transponder from the GNS 480 front panel.

Press XPDR to activate Transponder mode.

Change the Transponder (Squawk Code) - Two Methods

1. Turn the Large knob to highlight the Squawk Code.

2. Turn the Small knob to select a number and then turn the Large knob to move to the next character.

3. The Ident is automatically saved after selecting the fourth character. OR

1. Press the Cursor (CRSR) knob in.

2. Press the function or menu item smart keys next to the numbers 0-9 shown on the bottom and right side of the display in the order desired.

3. The Ident is automatically saved after selecting the fourth character.

Transponder Options

Press Menu/Enter to view options. Controls and features may vary depending on the transponder.

• PresstheEmrgncy menu item key and then Menu/Enter to insert the 7700 squawk code.

• PresstheVFR menu item key to insert the 1200 squawk code.

• PresstheTrgrSpd menu item key to select the speed that will “trigger” the automatic activation of the

transponder (SL70 only) when in Auto mode.

1. Turn the Large and Small knobs to select the trigger speed.

2. Press Menu/Enter to save the trigger speed.

• PressAuto to toggle the Auto Activate mode. The transponder (SL70 only) automatically goes from standby to active when accelerating past the Trigger Speed and goes from active to standby when decelerating below the Trigger Speed.

• PressIDNT to activate Ident mode.

• PressSTBY to place the transponder in Standby.

• PressON to enable Mode A operation (sends a squawk code).

• PressALT to enable Mode C/S operation (sends a squawk code and altitude data).

Getting Started

Changing the transponder squawk code

Transponder details

Page 24

Getting Started

Nav Terms Diagram

Flight Plan Terms Diagram

Page 25

Create a New Flight Plan (Quick Method)

The Flight Planning function lets you set up and store ﬂight plans where you can name the ﬂight plan, insert a series of waypoints, and then add comments. The Active ﬂight plan is the ﬂight plan that the GNS 480 is currently using for navigation guidance. The Modiﬁed ﬂight plan is a temporary copy of the active ﬂight plan that you can edit prior to executing or saving the changes. The active plan won’t be affected until you execute the modiﬁed plan. A remote ﬂight plan is one that has been received from another connected GNS 480, but while the units are not setup for Cross-Link (X-Link) mode. The Library ﬂight plans are stored ﬂight plans for future use. This is a quick start overview of ﬂight planning. See the Flight Planning section for more detail.

1. Press FN and then the FPL function smart key.

2. Press New.

3. Use the Large and Small knobs to select the Origin waypoint and then press Menu/Enter.

4. Use the Large and Small knobs to select the Destination waypoint and then press Menu/Enter. This allows you to select the appropriate terminal procedures from the database. The active ﬂight plan is deleted and is replaced with the new Direct-To ﬂight plan.

5. Highlight the departure waypoint and insert a waypoint or airway. Continue inserting waypoints or airways until the route is complete.

6. The ﬂight plan is automatically saved into the Library and named by the Origin and Destination waypoints.

7. Press the Exec key to execute the ﬂight plan and make it the active ﬂight plan.

Select a Direct-To a Waypoint in Your Flightplan

1. Press the D-> key.

2. Turn the Large knob to highlight a waypoint.

3. Press the Direct menu selection key.

Select a Direct To Waypoint Not in Your Flightplan

1. Press the D-> key and then the DB function smart key.

2. Select a waypoint using the Small knob to select a character and the Large knob to move to another character.

3. Press the Direct menu item key.

Getting Started

Flying Direct-To a new destination

(Direct-To - DEST)

Page 26

Getting Started

Nearest waypoint search - Airport

(TWR/CTAF - Frequencies)

Nearest airport frequencies

Find a Nearest Waypoint

The Nearest (NRST) Waypoint Search function allows you to search for the 20 waypoints nearest to your present position in each of eight waypoints types: Airport, VOR, NDB, INT, User, FSS (Flight Service Station), Airspace, and Air Route Trafﬁc Control Center (ARTCC). You can also set Limits to select a range of airport types to show up for the Nearest Airport type. You can then look up information about a waypoint or ﬂy direct to it

1. Press NRST. The default waypoint type is Airport.

2. Press the menu item key for the desired waypoint type. Press the More menu item key to display more types.

3. Turn the Large knob to scroll through the list.

4. Press the Standby (<-SBY) or Active (<-A->) smart keys to insert the frequency into the Com radio.

5. Press D-> to ﬂy direct to the highlighted waypoint or press INFO to display information about that waypoint.

6. Press the RAIM function key to perform a RAIM prediction.

Find a Nearest Waypoint Frequency

1. Press NRST and then press the menu item key for the desired waypoint type. Turn the Large knob to highlight the desired waypoint.

2. If the desired frequency is shown in the Nearest list, press the Standby (<-SBY) or Active (<-A->) smart keys to insert the frequency into the Com or Nav radios.

3. If you need another frequency for an airport, press INFO and then the Freqs menu item key.

4. Turn the Large knob to highlight the desired frequency.

5. If the frequency has an asterisk, press the Freq* menu item key to display more narrative information about that frequency. Turn the Large knob to scroll through the narrative information of the other frequencies.

6. Press <SBY to insert the selected frequency into the Standby position or press <A> to insert it into the Active position in the Com or Nav radio.

Page 27

Inserting Terminal Procedures and Approaches

After creating your ﬂight plan, you can select an approach, departure, or arrival procedure so the GNS 480 can guide you through the ﬂight plan. You may also make adjustments in Flight Edit mode.

1. Press the PROC function smart key for Procedure Mode. The Origin and Destination waypoint of your active ﬂight plan are shown.

2. Press the Depart menu item smart key to select the Departure procedure. If available, select the departure runway (with the Small knob or the menu item keys).

3. Turn the Large knob to highlight the transition and turn the Small knob to make the selection. Press Menu/Enter to accept the selections.

4. Press the BACK function smart key to return to the Procedures mode. Depending on the procedure for your destination, press the Destination Arrival or Appch menu item smart key.

5. Choose the transition and the runway by moving to a selection with the Large knob and listing the choices with the Small knob. Press Menu/Enter to accept the procedure.

6. If desired, select an alternate airport by pressing the Alternate Select menu item key.

7. Press EXEC to activate the procedures for your ﬂight plan.

Setup procedures and approaches for your ﬂightplan

Perform a RAIM Prediction

RAIM prediction predicts if GPS coverage is available for any waypoint. This is used when WAAS satellites or corrections are not available. If WAAS corrections are not available, vertical guidance will not be available for an approach.

1. Highlight a waypoint in the active ﬂight plan or select a waypoint from the database. Press INFO and then press the RAIM function smart key when it is shown.

2. Press the CRSR knob in. One of the ﬁelds will be highlighted. Change the values of the Arrival Date and/or Arrival Time (in UTC time) with the Small knob while moving to a value with the Large knob. The default calculation is the ETA to the last waypoint in the active ﬂight plan. When selecting a waypoint from the database other than one in the active ﬂight plan, the default calculation is the ETA from the present position to the waypoint.

3. After setting the values, press the Menu/Enter key to compute the RAIM prediction.

Getting Started

Compute RAIM for your destination

Page 28

Basic Operation

Moving Map

Map Mode - Page 1

Moving Map Mode (MAP)

The Map mode provides a moving map for a graphic display of your ﬂight including the surrounding area as well as navigation information. Maps are generally drawn with Ground Track magnetic North at the top of the display (Up). You can customize each of the four Map pages for the Map scale and the information displayed, such as Airports, VORs, NDBs, Intersections, User Waypoints, Airspace, Trafﬁc, Hi and Lo Airways, Flight Plan course, or Nav items. Other information is available depending on equipment installation and services.

1. Press MAP to reach Map mode. Radio, Nav, Transponder, CDI, Annunciator, or pilot-customized information is shown on the left side of the display and the map display is shown on the right side.

2. There are four Map pages that you select by turning the Large knob.

3. Turn the Small knob to change the Map scale. Map pages 2-4 allow you to customize the Nav display items on the left side of the display and map display detail.

4. Press Menu/Enter to view the Menu items for the choices to customize your display.

5. Press the key next to the Menu item to control the display of information.

6. Press the More key to go to the next page of Menu items.

True North

The Map can be referenced to True North after setting the Magnetic Variation to 0° in the Conﬁguration section of System mode. When set to True North, the degree values on the map display will show a “T” along with the degree symbol. Magnetic North is used for normal operation and is not indicated. In some situations, True North may be used such as in northern Canada.

True North indication in Map Mode

Page 29

Moving Map Mode Menu Items

Menu Item Description

Airports, VORs, NDBs, Intersections, User Waypoints, Lo and Hi Airways

Airspace Solid reversed means the airspace outline and sector

Trafﬁc Toggles on/off the display of trafﬁc when it is installed.

Flight Plan Map pages 2-4. Toggles display of route line on/off.

Declutter Auto-Declutter - Toggles decluttering of the display of

Nav Data/Sel Data Customize the Nav information on map pages 2-4.

Solid reversed label means identiﬁer and location symbol are displayed. A bold outline means only the location symbol will be displayed. A thin outline means this item will not be displayed on the map.

lines are displayed. A bold outline means that only the outline of airspace is displayed. A thin outline means that airspaces will not be displayed on the map.

labels and icons on/off at the higher zoom levels.

Press the Nav Data key and then the Sel Data key. Then turn the Large knob to move the cursor to the different ﬁelds in the Nav information part of the Map display. Turn the Small knob to view the available choices of information. Press Menu/Enter to conﬁrm and save your choices.

Basic Operation

Moving Map

Page 30

Basic Operation

Moving Map

GNS 480 Map Mode Nav Data Options

The following table shows the choices of the options you can make for setting up the Map Mode display in your GNS 480. You can customize the Nav information displayed on the left side of the display for Map Mode pages 2, 3, and 4. You can select these options as described below.

1. Press MAP to reach Map mode.

2. Turn the Large knob to select pages 2-4. You can’t change the Nav information options for page 1.

3. Press the Menu/Enter key.

4. Press the More selection key until the Nav Data selection is available.

5. Press the Nav Data menu item key.

6. Press the Sel Data menu item key to activate selection of options of Nav Data information.

7. Turn the Large knob to highlight the desired Nav Data item. Turn the Small knob to change the displayed option.

8. Press Menu/Enter when you have completed your selections.

9. If desired, turn the Large knob to another Map Mode page and customize that page.

Page 31

Selectable Nav Data Fields for Map Pages 2-4

Option Name Abbrev. Description Units

Basic Operation

Moving Map

Altitude ALT Baro-corrected pressure altitude.

Value is dashed out when there is no valid source.

Bearing BRG Bearing to station for the active

waypoint. If the active leg is a pilot nav leg or heading leg, or position is invalid, this will be dashed.

Cabin Pressure Cab Prs The current cabin pressure value

when an external carbon monoxide is installed. Not selectable if CO Guardian is not conﬁgured. Note: Cabin pressure alerting is not supported.

Cabin

Temperature

CO Level CO Lvl The current carbon monoxide (CO)

Cab Tmp The current cabin temperature value

when an external carbon monoxide is installed. Not selectable if CO Guardian is not conﬁgured.

level inside the cabin when an external carbon monoxide is installed. Not selectable if CO Guardian is not conﬁgured.

Feet (ft) or meters (m) at whole unit resolution.

0 to 359 degrees at 1-degree resolution.

Feet (ft) or meters (m) in whole units.

In degrees Celsius (ºC).

ppm (parts per million)

Page 32

Basic Operation

Moving Map

Selectable Nav Data Fields for Map Pages 2-4

Option Name Abbrev. Description Units

Estimated

Time of

Arrival at Final

Destination

Estimated

Time

En Route to

Final

Destination

Dest ETA The estimated time of arrival to the

ﬁnal destination waypoint is based upon ground speed. If the active leg is not part of the ﬂight plan (ie direct-to outside ﬂight plan), ground speed is less than or equal to ﬁve knots, or position is invalid, this will be dashed.

Dest ETE The estimated time en route to the

ﬁnal destination waypoint using the same information as the Dest ETA ﬁeld except it is calculating the time en route. If the active leg is not part of the ﬂight plan (ie direct-to outside the ﬂight plan), ground speed is less than or equal to ﬁve knots, or position is invalid, this will be dashed. If the current leg is a pilot nav leg, OBS or heading leg, this value will be dashed.

Hours and minutes, 00:00 to 23:59, based on a 24 hour clock

Hours and minutes, 00:00 to 99:59 and when less than 1 hour away, minutes and seconds 00:00 to 59:59.

Page 33

Selectable Nav Data Fields for Map Pages 2-4

Option Name Abbrev. Description Units

Basic Operation

Moving Map

Estimated Fuel

Remaining at

Final

Destination

Distance DIST This is the distance to the next

Distance to Destination

Dest FUEL

REM

DIST TO Dest This is the distance to the end of

The estimated fuel remaining at the ﬁnal destination waypoint using the ﬂight plan information estimated fuel ﬂow, and ground speed. If the active leg is not part of the ﬂight plan (ie direct-to outside the ﬂight plan), ground speed is less than or equal to ﬁve knots, or position is invalid, this will be dashed. If the current leg is a pilot nav leg, OBS or heading leg, this value will be dashed.

waypoint. If the current leg is a pilot nav leg or heading to manual termination, then the distance is dashed. If the position is invalid, then the distance is dashed.

the ﬂight plan. If a leg is not to a waypoint or is a pilot nav leg, then the distance is be estimated. If the current leg is a pilot nav leg, OBS or heading leg, the distance is dashed. If the position is invalid, then the distance is dashed. If the active leg is not part of the ﬂight plan (i.e. direct-to outside ﬂight plan), it is dashed.

0.0 to 99999.9 US gallons (usg), Imperial gallons (img), liters (L), pounds (lbs), or kilograms (kg) at tenths of unit resolution

Nautical miles (nm), statute miles (sm), or kilometers (km). 0.00 to

9.99 units at 0.01 unit resolution,

10.0 to 99.9 units at 0.1 unit resolution, and 1 unit resolution otherwise.

Nautical miles (nm), statute miles (sm), or kilometers (km). 0.00 to

9.99 units at 0.01 unit resolution,

10.0 to 99.9 units at 0.1 unit resolution, and 1 unit resolution otherwise.

Page 34

Basic Operation

Moving Map

Selectable Nav Data Fields for Map Pages 2-4

Option Name Abbrev. Description Units

Desired Track DTK This is the current DTK to the active

waypoint. If the current leg is a pilot nav leg or heading leg, or position is invalid, then the DTK will be dashed.

Estimated

Time of Arrival

Estimated

Time En Route

Fuel

Endurance

ETA The estimated time of arrival is to

the active waypoint. It does not give consideration for a curved path. If the active leg is a pilot nav leg or to a manual termination (unless FM or HM leg), ground speed is less than or equal to ﬁve knots, or position is invalid, this will be dashed.

ETE The estimated time remaining en

route to the active waypoint. It does not give consideration for a curved path. If the active leg is a pilot nav leg or to a manual termination (unless FM or HM leg), ground speed is less than or equal to ﬁve knots, or position is invalid, this will be dashed.

FUEL ENDUR Fuel endurance is calculated from the

fuel remaining and the current ﬂow rate. Value is dashed out when there is no valid source. Not selectable if Fuel or FADC is not conﬁgured.

0 to 359 degrees at 1-degree resolution.

Hours and minutes, 00:00 to 23:59, based on a 24 hour clock.

Hours and minutes, 00:00 to 99:59 and when less than 1 hour away, minutes and seconds 00:00 to 59:59.

Hours and minutes, 00:00 to 99:59.

Page 35

Selectable Nav Data Fields for Map Pages 2-4

Option Name Abbrev. Description Units

Basic Operation

Moving Map

Fuel Flow FUEL FLOW

L or R

Fuel

Remaining

Estimated

Fuel to Final

Destination

FUEL REM For FADC that provide fuel remaining,

FUEL TO Dest The estimated fuel used to reach the

Fuel ﬂow is displayed on a per engine rate for twin engines (L and R) or single engine rate (no L or R). Value is dashed out when there is no valid source. Not selectable if Fuel or FADC is not conﬁgured.

the GNS 480 shall use the report value from the FADC. For FADC that do not provide fuel remaining, the GNS 480 will calculate the fuel remaining from the initial fuel entered at start-up subtracting fuel used. Value is dashed out when fuel used information is not available. Not selectable if Fuel or FADC is not conﬁgured.

ﬁnal destination waypoint using the ﬂight plan data like Dest FUEL REM does. If the active leg is not part of the ﬂight plan (i.e. direct-to off the ﬂight plan), ground speed is less than or equal to ﬁve knots, or position is invalid, this will be dashed. If the current leg is a pilot nav leg, OBS or heading leg, the distance will be dashed.

0.0 to 9999.9 US gallons (gph), Imperial gallons (gph), liters (lph), pounds (pph), or kilograms (kph) per hour at tenths of unit resolution.

0.0 to 99999.9 US gallons (usg), Imperial gallons (img), liters (L), pounds (lbs), or kilograms (kg) at tenths of unit resolution.

Page 36

Basic Operation

Moving Map

Selectable Nav Data Fields for Map Pages 2-4

Option Name Abbrev. Description Units

Fuel to

Waypoint

GPS Altitude GPS ALT If available, this provides GPS altitude,

GPS Vertical

Rate

Ground Speed GS The ground speed of the aircraft. Value

Heading HDG The direction the nose of the aircraft

FUEL TO

WPT

GPS VS If available, this provides GPS-based

Fuel to the next waypoint will be calculated given the current fuel ﬂow rate and the ETE to the waypoint. If the active leg is not part of the ﬂight plan (ie direct-to outside the ﬂight plan), active is a pilot nav leg, active leg is to manual termination, ground speed is less than or equal to ﬁve knots, or position is invalid, this will be dashed.

referenced to MSL. Note that this altitude will not be the same as barocorrected altitude, when airborne.

vertical speed.

is dashed out when position is invalid or ground speed less than 5 kts.

is pointing. This requires a heading input via an ADC or HSI bootstrap.

.0 to 99999.9 US gallons (usg), Imperial gallons (img), liters (L), pounds (lbs), or kilograms (kg) at tenths of unit resolution.

Feet (ft) or meters (m) in whole unit resolution

Feet/minute (ft/m) or meters/minute (m/m). Shall support at least range of -9999 units to 9999 units. Value shall be rounded to 10 unit resolution

Knots (kt), kilometers per hour (k/h), or miles per hour (m/h). 0 to 999 units at 1 unit resolution.

0 to 359 degrees at 1-degree resolution.

Page 37

Selectable Nav Data Fields for Map Pages 2-4

Option Name Abbrev. Description Units

Basic Operation

Moving Map

Horizontal Fig-

ure of Merit

Minimum Safe

Altitude

Outside

Temperature

True Airspeed TAS The true airspeed is only available if

Track Angle

Error

Track TRK The aircraft’s ground track angle. Value

HFOM The current 95% conﬁdence horizon-

tal accuracy value, as reported by the GPS engine.

MSA The minimum safe altitude in the

aircraft’s present vicinity. This value is dashed out if data is unknown or the database is invalid.

OAT The current outside air temperature

value. This requires an FADC or CO Guardian input.

an air data computer is providing it. Value is dashed out otherwise.

TKE The Track Angle Error (TKE) is the

difference between the aircraft’s track and desired track. TKE is followed by an L or an R, indicating left or right of DTK (if value is 0 or 180, then L/R will not be displayed). Value is dashed out if TRK or DTK is unavailable.

is dashed out if position is invalid.

Feet (ft) or meters (m) in whole unit resolution.

Degrees Celsius (ºC)

Knots (kt), kilometers per hour (k/h), or miles per hour (m/h). 0 to 999 units at 1 unit resolution.

0 to 180 degrees at one-degree resolution.

0 to 359 degrees at 1-degree resolution.

Page 38

Basic Operation

Moving Map

Selectable Nav Data Fields for Map Pages 2-4

Option Name Abbrev. Description Units

Zulu Time UTC The current system time determined

from GPS if available. Time is displayed in UTC (Universal Coordinated Time) using the 24-hour clock. Value is dashed out if position is invalid.

Vertical Figure

of Merit

Wind WND Shown by a ﬂag or arrow oriented for

Cross Track

Error

VFOM The current 95%-conﬁdence vertical

accuracy value, as reported by the GPS engine.

the wind with the wind speed to the right. Value is dashed out if not available or unable to calculate internally.

XTE This is straight-line distance. Value is

dashed out if position is invalid.

Hours, minutes, and seconds, 00:00:00 to 23:59:59.

Feet (ft) or meters (m) in whole units.

Knots (kt), kilometers per hour (k/h), or miles per hour (m/h). 0 to 999 units at 1 unit resolution.

Nautical miles (nm), statute miles (sm), or kilometers (km). 0.00 to

9.99 units at 0.01 unit resolution,

10.0 to 99.9 units at 0.1 unit resolution, and 1 unit resolution otherwise. Arrow pointing left before number shall indicate that the plane is right of course. Arrow pointing right after number shall indicate that the plane is left of course. No arrow is displayed when value is 0.00.

Page 39

Nav/HSI Display (NAV)

The GNS 480 displays a track-based Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) view. The Nav function is reached by pressing the NAV smart function key. The layout, annunciations, and nav data are similar to Map mode. Distance to the destination is shown in the top left corner. Bearing to the destination is shown in the top right corner. Current Ground Speed (GPS determined) is shown in the lower left corner. The Estimated Time En Route from your current position to the next waypoint. You may also select the categories of Nav Data shown on the left side of the display. When vertical guidance is provided, a vertical deviation indicator is shown on the left side of the display. The CDI/VDI is driven by one of the following: GPS data if GPS CDI annunciation is selected or Nav radio data if LOC, VOR, or ILS annunciation is selected.

The Nav/HSI function is useful for aircraft with autopilots that do not have roll steering capabilities.

When a Nav radio is driving the display, the needles are green.

When the GPS receiver is driving the display, the needles are magenta.

The CDI line will become thicker on full-scale or off-scale deﬂection.

When Auto-switching is enabled in the System-Conﬁguration function, the CDI source will automatically switch from GPS to ILS.

Basic Operation

NAV / VDI

Nav Mode HSI Display With VDI

Page 40

Basic Operation

NAV / VDI

Selecting Displayed Nav Data Information

1. Press the Menu/Enter key.

2. Press the Nav Data menu item key and while it is highlighted press the Sel Data menu item key.

3. While both Nav Data and Sel Data keys are highlighted, you may now select Nav Data items displayed on the left side of the display.

4. Note that the top Nav Data item is highlighted. Turn the Large knob to move the highlight to other items. Turn the Small knob to scroll through the available Nav Data items.

5. After selecting the desired items, press either the Menu/Enter or Sel Data keys.

The compass rose rotates to align with the track angle of your aircraft at the top. Tick marks are placed every 10 degrees with a larger one every thirty degrees. Small triangles are positioned at 45 degrees to the left and right of your current track at the top of the compass rose circle as an aid in intercepting courses.

A lubber line is centered at the top of the compass rose circle. The ownship (your aircraft) symbol is at the center of the HSI and always points straight up to your current track. The CDI arrowhead is shown at the top of the HSI just under the lubber line. When GPS navigation is selected, the CDI arrowhead is magenta and is aligned with your desired track angle. If OBS mode is active the CDI arrowhead will align to the current OBS course input angle instead of the desired track. If LOC, ILS, or VOR navigation is selected, the CDI arrowhead is green and is aligned with your the OBS course input.

The CDI line is the long vertical line in the center of the HSI and will move horizontally to represent crosstrack deviation. The CDI line will match the color of the CDI arrowhead. The CDI line doubles in thickness when cross-track deviation reaches or goes beyond full-scale deﬂection. Five equally spaced dots are placed on either side of the center of the HSI. The ﬁfth dot represents full-scale deﬂection.

A white triangle above the center of the HSI points in the same direction of the CDI arrowhead if the CDI is in the To state. The white triangle will be below the center of the HSI and point in the opposite direction of the CDI arrowhead if the CDI is in the From state.

LPV, LP, Lnav/Vnav, or Lnav annunciations are centered and appear below the compass rose when these approaches are active. The approach type is displayed in green if HPL and VPL alarm limits are met and yellow if they do not.

The VDI is displayed on the left side of the display when LPV or Lnav/Vnav approaches meet the requirements for VDI being active and when glideslope is active during ILS navigation guidance. The vertical path indication is shown with a magenta triangle for GPS-based navigation or a green triangle for ILS-based navigation. The vertical bar line represents the proportionate distance relative to full-scale vertical deviation from the center. The VDI is not displayed for LP approaches.

Page 41

Panning (PAN)

The Panning feature of the Map mode allows you to check out the area near your present position. You can activate the Panning feature by pressing the PAN key or by pressing the CRSR button on the Small knob when in Map mode.

The crosshair cursor (+) starts at your present position when you start the Pan function. The crosshair cursor remains in the center of the map display. Move the map around the crosshair by turning the Large (pans left and right of pan track) and Small (pans forward and back of pan track) knobs. A green line will be drawn between your present position and the crosshair cursor position. The range and bearing to the crosshair cursor position from your present position and the Lat/Lon of the crosshair position is shown at the bottom of the map display.

Range

Press the Range key to highlight the Range menu item. When Range is selected, turning the Small knob will change the map range to zoom in or out at the crosshair position.

Create a New User waypoint

User waypoints allow you to create unique waypoints not already present in the database.

1. While in the Pan function, press MRK.

2. Press Menu/Enter to save the displayed user name.

3. Create a name of your choice and add other information as desired using the Small knob to change characters and the Large knob to move the cursor. Press CLR to delete a highlighted character. Then, press Menu/Enter to save the information.

Basic Operation

Panning

Map Mode Panning Function

Press MRK to create a User waypoint with the Panning function

Page 42

Basic Operation

Direct-To

Choose a Direct-To waypoint from the ﬂight plan

Choose a Direct-To waypoint from the database

Direct-To

Press the Direct-To key to get to the Direct-To function which allows you to quickly navigate from your pres- ent position directly to a selected waypoint. You can also use this function to make changes to a ﬂight plan, set up a user-deﬁned holding pattern, sequence directly to a selected leg in your ﬂight plan, and ﬂy a Course To or Course From a selected waypoint.

ActFP

Press the ActFP key to select a given leg from the active ﬂight plan. Turn the Large knob to highlight waypoints in your ﬂight plan.

Press the DB key to select any waypoint from the database. Use the Large and Small knobs to select the waypoint.

Direct

The Direct Menu selection key activates the direct course to the displayed waypoint.

1. When you press Direct-To, the default waypoint shown will be the highlighted waypoint in your ﬂight plan (unless another waypoint is highlighted in another operation, then that waypoint would be used). You can turn the Large knob to select a different leg in your ﬂight plan.

2. You may select a waypoint that is not in your ﬂight plan by pressing the DB key and then use the Large and Small knobs.

3. Press the Direct key to navigate directly to the selected waypoint.

NOTE: Going Direct-To a waypoint does not make a destination. The GNS 480 must know what the active destination is in order to retrieve the appropriate terminal procedures and approaches. Also, the DEST function deletes the active ﬂight plan.

See page 17 for quick methods for setting up a ﬂight plan.

Page 43

Inserting a Hold at a Waypoint in the Active Flight Plan

The Hold function of the Direct-To mode prepares you for entering a holding pattern at a waypoint either in your ﬂight plan or from the database. You are limited to one en route holding point at a time.

1. Press Direct-To.

2. Select a waypoint for the holding pattern. a. Press ActFP (default) to select a waypoint along your ﬂight plan by turning the Large knob to

highlight the waypoint. Press HOLD. Using this method, you will continue to ﬂy your ﬂight plan and then enter the holding pattern at the selected waypoint.

b. Press DB to select a waypoint from the database with the Large and Small knobs. Press HOLD.

Using this method, you will go direct to the waypoint and then hold.

3. Use the Large and Small knobs to select Right or Left turns, hold course, and hold length (nm or km) or hold time (minutes).

4. Press Menu/Enter. The Hold pattern will be drawn on the display and the GNS 480 will provide CDI guidance for the holding pattern based on the selected inbound course. When you near the holding pattern, ﬂight plan sequencing is suspended. Press SUSP (SUSP annunciator will turn off) to exit the holding pattern and return to the ﬂight plan. Roll steering capable autopilots may ﬂy the hold entry and pattern automatically.

Destination (Dest)

The Dest menu item smart key replaces the active ﬂight plan with a direct course to a new destination waypoint. This provides a quick way to proceed to an alternate airport. You can choose a waypoint from your ﬂight plan (ActFP) or another waypoint from the database (DB).

1. When you press Direct-To, the default waypoint shown will be the highlighted waypoint in your ﬂight plan when the ActFP smart key is highlighted. You can turn the Large knob to select a different a different waypoint in your ﬂight plan.

2. You may select a waypoint that is not in your ﬂight plan by pressing the DB smart key and then use the Large and Small knobs to select the new waypoint.

3. Press the DEST key to navigate directly to the selected waypoint.

NOTE: You can use the NRST function to ﬁnd nearby airports.

Basic Operation

Direct-To

Inserting a Hold

Use DEST key to go Direct to a new destination

Page 44

Basic Operation

Direct-To

Setting a Direct-To Course To

Setting a Direct-To Course From

4. Press Menu/Enter to accept the new destination waypoint. Press Menu/Enter again to activate it. By changing the destination, the PROC or FPL Edit modes can be used to load and execute Arrival and/or Approach procedures to the new destination. This feature replaces the active ﬂight plan with a new one-leg ﬂight plan direct from your present position to the selected destination.

NOTE: The BACK key returns you to the original Direct-To page.

Course-To (CrsTo)

Course-To operation allows you to select an inbound intercept course for the selected waypoint. The default course to the operation is the course from the present position to the selected waypoint. Upon reaching the selected waypoint, if the waypoint is in the active ﬂight plan, the ﬂightplan will sequence to the next waypoint in the ﬂightplan normally.

1. Press Direct-To. Use the Large knob to highlight a waypoint in the active ﬂight plan or press DB to select a new waypoint with the Large and Small knobs.

2. Press CrsTo. A map is displayed showing the selected course.

3. Change the course bearing, if desired. Turn the Large knob to change the value in 10° increments. Turn the Small knob to change the value in 1° increments.

4. Press Menu/Enter.

Course From (CrsFr)

The Course From operation allows you to navigate from a waypoint on a pre-deﬁned course. The default course for the Course From operation will depend on whether your aircraft is heading toward the selected waypoint or away from it. If your aircraft is heading toward the selected waypoint, the default course will be the bearing from the present position to the selected waypoint. If you are heading away from the waypoint, the default course will be the bearing from the waypoint to your present position. The length of the magenta course line will always be 100 nm.

When the Course From operation is executed, the To-From indicator will indicate FROM and the ﬂightplan will go into suspend mode (SUSP); it will not automatically sequence the ﬂightplan waypoints. To rejoin your ﬂight plan, highlight a waypoint in your active ﬂight plan and either press the Direct or FlyLeg menu item keys.

Page 45

1. Press Direct-To. Use the Large knob to highlight a waypoint in the active ﬂight plan or press DB and select a new waypoint, if desired, with the Large and Small knobs.

2. Press CrsFr. A map is displayed showing the selected course.

3. Change the course bearing, if desired. Turn the Large knob to change the value in 10° increments. Turn the Small knob to change the value in 1° increments.

4. Press Menu/Enter.

OBS

This function activates the OBS mode where the CDI/HSI resolver controls the selected course to a selected waypoint when an external resolver is installed. This allows you to treat any waypoint as though it were a VOR station. Automatic ﬂight plan sequencing will be suspended initially.

NOTE:

When using OBS mode with a VOR station, the GNS 480 will use the station declination of the

VOR. For other waypoints, the GNS 480 will use magnetic variation based on your present position.

OBS to a Waypoint in Your Flight Plan

If the OBS waypoint is on the map display, a magenta line will be drawn for the Course-To. After you intercept that line, the GNS 480 will track the course inbound to the selected OBS ﬁx. The white line on the Map is the Course-From the OBS ﬁx. Once the aircraft intercepts the OBS course, the GNS 480 will ﬂy the course inbound and then continue outbound until you terminate the OBS mode. However, if you unsuspend, the GNS 480 will terminate OBS mode and continue to sequence en route on the ﬂight plan. You will also terminate OBS mode by making another ﬂight leg active or going Direct-To another waypoint.

1. Press Direct-To. With the ActFP smart key highlighted, select a waypoint in the ﬂight plan with the Large knob.

2. Press OBS. Now use the external CDI/HSI resolver to control the selected course. The GNS 480 will read the OBS information and will change the course displayed on the Map displays.

3. After the course is selected, press SUSP to allow for normal sequencing back to your ﬂight plan once you’ve reached the waypoint.

Basic Operation

Direct-To

Page 46

Basic Operation

Direct-To

OBS to a Waypoint Not in Your Flight Plan

1. Press Direct-To. Press the DB smart key.

2. Select a new waypoint outside of your ﬂight plan with the Large and Small knobs.

3. Press OBS. Now use the external CDI/HSI resolver to control the selected course. The GNS 480 will read the OBS information and will change the course displayed on the Map displays.

4. After reaching the waypoint, the GNS 480 will continue to track outbound. You may terminate this mode by going Direct-To any waypoint or use the FlyLeg function.

FlyLeg

With the FlyLeg Menu selection you can activate a particular leg of your ﬂight plan. This feature allows you to bypass a leg in your ﬂight plan. This is useful when you are vectored onto an airway. If you have picked a leg that cannot be activated for navigation, a message will appear to advise you. Press CLR to exit.

1. Press Direct-To.

2. Select the desired leg of your ﬂight plan with the Large knob (the ActFP smart key is highlighted).

3. Press the FlyLeg key to activate the selected leg.

4. Continue to ﬂy the assigned heading until the course is alive. If you are not on an assigned heading, roll steering will ﬂy a 45° intercept to the active leg (roll steering autopilots only).

Page 47

Nearest (NRST) Search

The Nearest Search function allows you to search for the 20 items nearest to your present position in each type. There are eight search types: Airport, VOR, NDB, INT, User, FSS (Flight Service Station), Airspace, and Air Route Trafﬁc Control Center (ARTCC). The last Menu selection lets you set Limits to select a range of airport types to show up for the Nearest Airport type. You can then look up information about that waypoint by pressing INFO or ﬂy direct to it by pressing the Direct-To key.

1. Press NRST to display the Nearest waypoints.

2. The Nearest waypoint type labels are shown on the right side of the display. Press the Line Selection key next to the waypoint type label that you want.

3. Turn the Large knob to highlight (green) the waypoint you want to select.

Search Around a Reference Point (SRCH)

Search for the 20 nearest items from a selected waypoint in your ﬂight plan (FP) or in the database (DB).

Nearest Frequency

While viewing the Nearest waypoints that have frequency information, you can transfer the displayed frequency to the Active or Standby frequency. The GNS 480 automatically knows if it is a Com or a VOR frequency.

1. Press NRST.

2. Press the menu item key for the waypoint type you want to search.

3. Turn the Large knob to scroll thru the list of nearest waypoints, such as Airport, VOR, User if a frequency is present, FSS, or ARTCC. Highlight the desired waypoint.

4. Press <-SBY to insert the highlighted frequency into the Standby position or <-A-> to insert the frequency into the Active position.

Basic Operation

Nearest Waypoint

Choose a Nearest Waypoint and Its Information

Airport Information - Second Page

Airport Information - Third Page

Page 48

Basic Operation

Nearest Waypoint

FSS and ARTCC Frequencies

Many FSS and ARTCC locations have multiple frequencies. All frequencies for each FSS or ARTCC may be viewed by turning the Small knob.

You can quickly insert the frequencies into the Com radio.

Press <-SBY to insert the highlighted frequency into the Standby position or <-A-> to insert the frequency into the Active position.

Info on Nearest Waypoint

1. Press NRST.

2. Press the key for the waypoint type you want to search.

3. Turn the Large knob to select the nearest waypoint.

4. Press the INFO button.

Fly Direct-To a Nearest Waypoint

1. Press NRST.

2. Press the key for the waypoint type you want to search. Press More to view more types.

3. Turn the Large knob to scroll thru the list of nearest waypoints. Highlight the desired waypoint.

4. Press the Direct-To key.

5. Press the Direct key.

Page 49

Using the NRST Function to Change Your Destination to a Nearest Airport

1. Press NRST.

2. Turn the Large knob to select the desired nearest airport.

3. Press the INFO key. Note, if “IFR” is listed with the identiﬁer, instrument approaches are available. Press INFO again to toggle back to the Nearest Waypoint list.

4. With the desired airport selected, press the D-> key.

5. Press the Dest key. Press Menu/Enter to activate the new ﬂight plan direct to the selected waypoint.

Pressing the Dest key will erase the active ﬂight plan and build a one-leg ﬂight plan direct from your

present position to the new destination airport. This makes the arrivals and approaches available for the new destination airport.

6. Press PROC.

7. Press Appch for the destination waypoint. Select the approach with the Large and Small knobs. You can also select the type of approach with the selection keys on the right side of the display. Press Menu/Enter.

8. Press EXEC. The GNS 480 will ask if you want to replace the Active ﬂight plan with the Modiﬁed ﬂight plan. Press Menu/Enter to accept the change.

Basic Operation

Nearest Waypoint

Flying Direct To a New Airport

Page 50

Basic Operation

Info

Information on Waypoints (INFO)

Info mode allows you to view information about the selected waypoint. Examples of selecting a waypoint can be: highlighted waypoint in the ﬂight plan, waypoint selected from Nearest Waypoint list, waypoint selected in Pan mode, or a waypoint selected from the database. The WGS-84 map datum is noted as W84. Other map datums are noted as unknown (unk). When viewing information that contains Com or VOR frequencies, pressing the <-SBY or <-A-> keys will insert the highlighted frequency into the appropriate radio.

Airport Information

•Identier,city/facilityname,state,country,elevation,type,mapdatum,andfuel

•Position:bearinganddistancefrompresentposition,sunrise/sunsetinUTC,lat/loncoordinates,and

magnetic variation.

•Frequencies

•Mapofareaandrunway

•Runwayinformation:length,lighting,surfacetype,categorytype,LOCorILS,andfrequency(if

available)

Page 51

Info Mode - Airport Information

Airport Frequency Information

AdditionalinformationisavailableforAirportFrequenciesthathaveanasterisk(*)bythefrequencytype.

1. Turn the Large knob to highlight the desired frequency. Frequencies with an asterisk will have more

information available.

2. Press the Freq key again to display more information, such as time of operation, bearings, runways, and

other comments. The Freq key will now be half highlighted.

3. Turn the Large knob to scroll through the list of frequencies for that airport while still displaying the

extra information. Blue arrows on the right side of the display will show the direction where more frequencies are available.

4. Press the Freq key again to return to the frequency list.

Basic Operation

Info

Info Mode - Frequency Information

Press the Freq key for frequency details

Turn the Large knob for detail on more frequencies

Page 52

Basic Operation

Info

Info Mode - VOR Information

VOR Information

•Identier,city,state,country,bearinganddistance(GPS-determineddistance)frompresentposition,

frequency, lat/lon coordinates, and station declination at the VOR.

•Mapofarea

NDB Information

•Identier,city,state,country,bearinganddistancefrompresentposition,frequency,lat/loncoordinates,

and magnetic variation.

•Mapofarea

Info Mode NDB

Airway Intersection Information

•Identiﬁer, country, bearing and distance from present position, lat/lon coordinates, and magnetic

variation.

•Map of area

Info Mode Airway Intersection

Page 53

RAIM Prediction

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) is a method of predicting possible system accuracy errors that may be caused by bad satellite data. The RAIM algorithm requires that more satellites are available and usable than is required for a normal GPS position ﬁx. RAIM prediction is used when you are operating outside of areas served by WAAS coverage or if WAAS is unavailable. Use the results of the calculation to verify signal integrity.

1. While in INFO mode, press the RAIM smart key when it is shown.

3. After setting the values, press the Menu/Enter key to compute the RAIM prediction.

Basic Operation

Info

Info Mode RAIM Prediction Page

Info Mode RAIM Prediction Completed

Page 54

Basic Operation

Com Radio

Com Radio (COM)

Press COM to activate control of the internal Com Radio. Pressing COM again returns you to the previous mode. All other functions will continue to function normally, such as navigation of active ﬂight plans. Turn the PWR/VOL knob to control the Com volume. External controls for the Flip-Flop and up/down control can be made depending on installation.

Squelch (SQ)

Press the SQkeytotoggletheComreceiversquelchfunction.Whensquelchisactive,theSquelch(SQ)annunciatorwillappearontheleftsideoftheactivefrequencydisplayandtheSQfunctionlabelwillbehighlighted.

Tx/Rx

Transmit(Tx)orReceive(Rx)indicationsreplacethe“SQ”indicationwhentheyareused.Txappearswhenthe

mic is keyed. Rx appears when a receiving.

Monitor (MON)

Press the MON key to toggle the Standby channel monitoring function. When Monitor mode is active, the MON annunciator will appear on the left side of the standby frequency and the MON function label will be highlighted. Frequency monitoring allows you to listen to the Standby frequency while the GNS 480 monitors the Active frequency for activity. When the Active frequency receives a signal, you will hear the Active frequency until its activity stops. The frequency monitoring function is inhibited while you are transmitting.

Recall (RCL)

1. Press the RCL key to display the menu of Recent, User, or Emergency frequencies.

2. Press the <SBY key to insert the selected frequency as the Standby frequency.

3. Press the <A> key to insert the selected frequency as the Active frequency and set the previous Active frequency as Standby frequency.

Recent

1. Press the Recent key to bring up a list of the last eight frequencies used as the Active frequency.

2. Turn the Large knob to highlight a frequency.

3. Press the <SBY or <A> keys to insert the frequency.

4. Press the Menu/Enter key if no choice is desired.

Page 55

User

The Com radio will store up to 25 User-saved frequencies. The Com and Nav User lists are separate sets of 25.

1. Press the User key to bring up a list of User frequencies.

2. Turn the Large knob to highlight a frequency.

3. Press the <SBY or <A> keys to insert the frequency.

4. Press the Menu/Enter key if no choice is desired.

Emergency

Press the Emrgncy menu item key to insert the Emergency frequency (121.500) as the Standby frequency.

Flip/Flop

Press the <–> (ﬂip/ﬂop) function smart key to swap the Active and Standby frequencies.

Signal

The Signal function allows you to view RF Level and Noise Level values. These values are useful for troubleshooting installations as a measure of signal quality. You won’t normally need to use these values.

1. Press Menu/Enter and then the Signal key. The Signal menu label will be highlighted.

2. Press the Signal key again to turn the value display off.

Weather

The GNS 480 holds a list of Weather frequencies that can be placed in the Active or Standby position for listening. You may not transmit on a Weather frequency. Weather frequencies are not available in some locations. Weather frequencies cannot be tuned, they must be selected through the Weather key.

1. Press Menu/Enter and then the Weather key to bring up the list of Weather frequencies. The Weather menu label will be highlighted.

2. Turn the Large knob to highlight a frequency.

3. Press <SBY to insert the highlighted frequency as the Standby frequency or <A> to insert it as the Active frequency.

4. Press the Weather key again to turn the value display off.

Basic Operation

Com Radio

User Frequency List

Com Signal Levels

Com Mode Weather Frequencies

Page 56

Basic Operation

Com Radio

Audio

The Audio function allows you to control audio levels of the Com radio. The AMA setting adjusts the volume level of the message tones. The Com setting adjusts the Com radio audio level. The Sidetone setting adjusts the feedback level from the microphone into the headset headphone. The VOR (Nav radio) setting adjusts the Nav radio volume for idents, HIWAS, or other services with audio.

The GNS 480 provides the following three aural alerts: 500 foot callout, Localizer Alive, and Missed Approach Point. If audio is inhibited, the audio alert messages are not played. Audio messages do not require any pilot input.

1. Press Menu/Enter and then the Audio key to bring up the Audio Level values. The Audio menu label will be highlighted.

2. Press the Audio key again to turn the value display off.

3. Turn the Large knob to highlight the Audio Message Annunciator (AMA) volume, Com radio volume, Sidetone level, and Nav radio volume.

4. Use the Small knob to adjust the values.

Save Channel

This function allows you to save and name the current Active frequency in the User frequency list.

1, Press Menu/Enter and then the Save Chnl key to bring up the Save Channel box. The Save Chnl

menu label will be highlighted.

2. Press the Save Chnl key again to turn the value display off.

3. Turn the Small knob to change the value.

4. Turn the Large knob to move the cursor to another character.

5. Press the Menu/Enter key to save the name and frequency.

Saving a Com Channel

Page 57

Nav Radio (VOR)

Press VOR to activate control of the internal Nav Radio. All other functions will continue to function normally, such as navigation on active ﬂight plans.

DME Distance

Distances, such as to a Localizer/DME waypoint (equivalent to Localizer DME), are based on calculated distances from GPS information. The GNS 480 will choose the DME that is the closest to your geographical location within 200 nm. If a station identiﬁer has been decoded by the NAV radio, the closest DME from the list with matching frequency and station identiﬁer is used to determine distance. If no station identiﬁer has been decoded and there are multiple DME’s with the same frequency found within the list, no GPS distance will be displayed. If only one DME is found that matches frequency and the DME is not part of an ILS, it will be selected to determine the GPS distance. This means, if a DME is found that is part of an ILS, a decoded identiﬁer match is required. If the decoded identiﬁer is not in the list no distance will be provided. No distance will be shown for a localizer that does not have a collocated DME.

Press the ID key to toggle the Nav audio between Voice or ID. After pressing the ID key and the ID function label is highlighted, the Morse ID will be available. When the ID function label is not highlighted, Nav audio Voice is selected.

Monitor (MON)

Press the MON key to toggle the Nav channel monitoring function. When monitor mode is active, a MON annunciator will appear on the left side of the standby frequency, the standby radial replaces the active identiﬁer, and the MON function label will be highlighted.

Frequency monitoring allows you to listen to the Standby VOR frequency while the GNS 480 monitors the Active frequency for activity. Radial information for the monitored VOR frequency will also be displayed. When Active frequency receives a signal, you will hear the Active frequency until its activity stops. Pressing MON will be ignored for ILS frequencies. If Voice or ID functions are active, the Nav radio will temporarily turn off the ID function until the Monitor function is turned off.

Basic Operation

Nav Radio

Nav Mode Menu Selections

Nav Mode Monitor Selection

Page 58

Basic Operation

Nav Radio

VOR - Recall of recent frequencies

Nav Mode ID/To/Fr Selection

Recall (RCL)

1. Press the RCL key to bring up a list of the last eight VOR/ILS frequencies used as the Active frequency.

2. Turn the Large knob to highlight a frequency.

3. Press the <SBY or <A> keys to insert the frequency.

4. Press the VOR key again if no choice is desired.

Flip/Flop

Press the <-> (ﬂip/ﬂop) key to swap the Active and Standby frequencies.

ID/To/Fr

When the Active frequency is a VOR, you can view the current course To/Fr the VOR as well as the Identiﬁer and distance. This value appears between the Active and Standby VOR frequencies and to the right. Press Menu/Enter and then each press of the ID/To/Fr key will toggle between the display of the ID (Identiﬁer), To radial, or From radial values.

Back Course

When the Active frequency is an ILS, the Back Course mode will be available for ILS frequencies. Press Menu/ Enter and then the Back CRS key to turn Back Course mode on. Back Course mode reverses needle sensing.

When on, the Back CRS menu label will be highlighted and the BC annunciator will appear. When you are using the backcourse mode in the GNS 480, do not use the back course mode on your autopilot if it has a back course mode.

Audio

This function operates the same as in Com mode.

User

This function operates the same as in Com mode. The Com and Nav User lists are separate sets of 25.

Save Channel

This function operates the same as in Com mode.

Nav Mode Back Course Selection

Page 59

Test Log

The Test Log function allows you to store information about the last time you tested your Nav receiver. The information you can enter includes: Date (month, day, year), Type of test (Differential, Ground, Air), Location (text), Bearing Error (-5 to +5), and name of person logging the test information (text).

1. In the Nav function, Press Menu/Enter and then the Test Log key.

2. Press the EDIT key. The month of the Date will be highlighted.

3. Turn the Small knob the change the month of the date. Turn the Large knob to move to Day of the Date.

4. Turn the Small knob to change the day. Turn the Large knob to move to the year. Turn the Small knob to change the year.

5. Turn the Large knob to move to the Type selection. Turn the Small knob to choose between Differential, Ground, or Air. Differential means the value was referenced to another calibrated source or unit. Ground means the unit was calibrated while on the ground. Air means the unit was calibrated while in the air.

6. Turn the Large knob to move to the Location selection. Press the Cursor knob in to start editing. Turn the Small knob to change the character. Turn the Large knob to the next character and turn the Small knob to change the character. When editing is complete, press the Cursor knob again to exit editing the Location.

7. Turn the Large knob to move to the Brg Error selection. Turn the Small knob the change the value required to center the needle. Left for “-” and right for “+” corrections.

8. Turn the Large knob to move to the Name selection. This value if for recording the name of the person entering the values in the Test Log. Press the Cursor knob in to start editing. Turn the Small knob to change the character. Turn the Large knob to the next character and turn the Small knob to change the character. When editing is complete, press the Cursor knob again to exit editing the Name.

Basic Operation

Nav Radio

Nav Mode Test Log Information

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Basic Operation

XPDR

Transponder Control (XPDR)

If a remote compatible transponder is connected and setup to operate with the GNS 480, the Transponder Control Mode will allow you to control your transponder from the GNS 480 front panel. Some features are common to the available transponders and are explained below. Press XPDR to activate Transponder mode.

Ident

Press the IDNT key once to activate the Ident mode. The key label will be highlighted and an IDNT annunciator will appear by the squawk code for 20 seconds.

Transponder Mode Smart Keys

Standby

Press the STBY key to place the transponder in Standby mode. No information will be transmitted while in Standby mode. A SBY annunciator will appear to the left of the squawk code.

Press the ON key to enable Mode A operation. An ON annunciator will appear to the left of the squawk code.

ALT

Press the ALT key to enable Mode C/S operation, which also sends altitude data along with your squawk code. An ALT annunciator will appear to the left of the squawk code.

Transponder Line Selection Keys

Press the Menu/Enter key to display the keys on the right side of the screen.

Emergency

Press the Emrgncy key to select the emergency 7700 squawk code. This menu item is available when used with the SL70, SL70R, GTX 32, GTX 327, GTX 33, and GTX 330.

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VFR

Press the VFR key to select the VOR 1200 squawk code. This value can be set in the System Conﬁguration mode. This menu item is available when used with the SL70, SL70R, GTX 32, GTX 327, GTX 33, and GTX

330.

TrgrSpd

The TrgrSpd key allows you to edit the aircraft speed that will switch the transponder automatically between active and standby. See the Auto mode description below. This menu item is available with the SL70/SL70R.

Auto

When Auto mode is selected, the transponder will automatically become active after the aircraft reaches the

XPDR Mode - Trigger Speed Setting (SL70 only)

Trigger speed. While the aircraft is below the Trigger speed, your transponder will not send any information. This menu item is available with the SL70/SL70R.

1. In Transponder mode, press Menu/Enter.

2. If necessary, edit the Trigger Speed. Press TrgrSpd. Select the desired Trigger Speed with the Large and Small knobs. Press Menu/Enter.

3. Press Menu/Enter. Press the Auto key. Auto mode is active when it is highlighted. Press Auto again when you want to deactivate the Auto mode.

Flight ID

For GTX33/330 installations, the Flight ID can be either tied to the tail number of the aircraft (set at installation time) or set to another value by the ﬂight crew as needed. The Flight ID key allows you to either just view the Flight ID or view and edit the Flight ID. For installations that allow editing of the Flight ID, care should be taken that the Flight ID has no more than 7 characters, is left justiﬁed (characters start on the left), and there are no spaces. This is in accordance with ICAO Doc 8168 [PANS-OPS] Vol. I, Part VIII, 1.3, which states that ﬂight crew of aircraft equipped with Mode S having an aircraft identiﬁcation feature shall set the aircraft identiﬁcation in the transponder. Refer to ICAO Doc 8168 Vol. I, Part VIII, 1.3 for more information.

1. Press Flight ID to allow entry of a Flight ID. This menu item is available with the GTX 33 and GTX 330. This allows the GTX 33/330 to view and modify the Flight ID.

XPDR Mode - Manual Squawk Code Entry

Basic Operation

XPDR

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Basic Operation

XPDR

Selecting the transponder squawk code.

2. Turn the Small knob to change characters. Turn the Large knob to move to the next character. Press the CLR key to delete a character.

3. Press the Menu/Enter key to end editing and save the values.

Ground

When the Ground selection is pressed the GTX 33 or 330 will be placed in Ground mode where the transponder operation will operate normally except no Mode A or C replies are allowed. Squitter replies to discretely addressed Mode S interrogations are allowed. GND will be annunciated to the left of the squawk code on the GNS 480. GND mode also allows the GTX 33 and 330 to transition to ALT based on the GTX criteria for ground to airborne determination.

Manually Select a Squawk Code

1. Press the CRSR in or turn the Large knob to activate squawk code editing. Numbers 0 - 7 will be displayed adjacent to the Smart and Line Selection keys.

2. Press the key for the desired number. After pressing a numbered key, the next number to the right will be active for editing.

1. Change the number value with the Small knob and move to the next number with the Large knob.

2. After selecting the fourth number, turning the Large knob or pressing Menu/Enter key will end editing.

3. You can press the CRSR knob while editing to cancel any changes.

NOTE: The current squawk code will be replaced by four yellow dashes, if the remote transponder was never established. The last valid squawk code used will be displayed in yellow, if communication with the transponder is lost while in use.

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Flight Planning (FPL)

The Flight Planning function lets you set up and store ﬂight plans where you can name the ﬂight plan, insert a series of waypoints, airway segments, departure, arrival, and approach procedures, add comments, save the plan, and execute it. There are two groupings of ﬂight plans: a Deﬁned Flight Plan group and the Library Flight Plans. The Deﬁned Flight Plan group shows the Active ﬂight plan followed by the Modiﬁed ﬂight plan and then the Remote ﬂight plans (dual installations only) which are listed below the Library ﬂight plans. Turn the Large knob to highlight the ﬂight plan to perform the operation on.

Active Flight Plan

The Active ﬂight plan is the ﬂight plan that the GNS 480 is currently using for navigation guidance. The Active plan stays active until you replace it with another ﬂight plan or clear it. With the Active plan highlighted, the menu items are: View, Reverse, Save, or Edit.

If you press the CLR key, you will be prompted to verify that you want to clear all information out of the Active plan which is the same as cancelling your ﬂight plan. The Active plan is cleared of all information, but the Library ﬂight plan of that name is not changed.

Modiﬁed Flight Plan

The Modiﬁed ﬂight plan is a temporary copy of the Active ﬂight plan that you can edit prior to executing or saving the changes. The Active plan won’t be affected by the Modiﬁed ﬂight plan until you execute it. When you execute a ﬂight plan, it becomes the Active ﬂight plan. With the Modiﬁed plan highlighted, the menu items are: Execute, Save, or Edit.

Remote Flight Plan

A Remote ﬂight plan is the active ﬂight plan received from another connected GNS 480 when not in Cross Link (X-Link) mode. The Library ﬂight plans are list of ﬂight plans stored for future use. With the Remote plan highlighted, the menu items are: View, Execute, or Save.

Basic Operation

Flight Planning

Work ﬂow for modifying a ﬂight plan

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Basic Operation

Flight Planning

List of Flight Plans

Library Flight Plan

The ﬂight plan Library contains up to 50 ﬂight plans you have created and saved. With a Library ﬂight plan highlighted, the menu items are: Execute, Comment (Cmnt), Copy, or Edit. When you Execute (EXEC) a ﬂight plan from the Library, you select a ﬂight plan by scrolling through the Library list with the Large knob and press EXEC. Press Menu/Enter to conﬁrm the action to replace the Active ﬂight plan with a Library ﬂight plan. A copy of the ﬂight plan is then set as the Active plan that your GNS 480 will use to navigate. The ﬂight plan in the Library remains separate from the Active ﬂight plan. The Comment (CMNT) menu item allows you to add a line of text below the ﬂight plan name.

Flight Plan Functions

The function and the menu item smart keys adjust to reﬂect the appropriate commands for the ﬂight plan or operation you are viewing.

View

Displays the active ﬂight plan.

Back

Press the BACK function smart key to return to the previous display. No change is made to the page you were viewing.

Edit

Use this feature to edit an existing ﬂight plan. Editing a displayed ﬂight plan will not change the active ﬂight plan.

Expand (XPND)

Pressing the XPND key toggles between a simple view of the waypoints in the ﬂight plan and one that shows the details of the procedures and airways.

Expanding a ﬂight plan for more detail

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Basic Operation

Cross Link (X-Link)

Two GNS 480’s can be connected and set up during installation to work together. Flight plans and User waypoints are shared. Pressing the SUSP key on either unit will suspend waypoint sequencing on both units. When the X-Link function is activated, the units will share control of the active ﬂight plan. Pressing the X- Link menu key activates the Cross Link function. The X-Link menu item will be highlighted when X-Link is active. Both units will then show “Active Linked” on the top line of the Flight Plan page. Any changes made to the active plan on any unit will be sent to the other unit. Pressing the X-Link menu key again will deactivate the Cross Link function and the term “Linked” will be removed from the active ﬂight plan name.

Flight Planning

Remote Flight Plans

When the Cross Link function is not activated, changes to the active ﬂight plan will be sent to the other unit for viewing only and noted as “Remote.” The Remote ﬂight plans exist as part of the library of ﬂight plans shared by the two units. The units do not share the Active ﬂight plan used for navigating unless Cross Link (X-Link) is activated.

When the units are powered on, they synchronize their ﬂight plans and User waypoints. The unit with the most recent ﬂight plans and User waypoints will take precedence and replace the plans and User waypoints in the other unit. To avoid confusion and loss of ﬂight plan information, power both units on at the same time and keep both units on when they are used.

Reverse (Rvrse)

Pressing the Rvrse key will create a Modiﬁed ﬂight plan that is a copy of the active ﬂight plan and reverse the waypoints. Any procedures or approaches will be removed from the Modiﬁed ﬂight plan.

Save

Press the Save key to save the active ﬂight plan to memory. If a ﬂight plan exists with the same name, the GNS 480 will create a comment and attach it to the ﬂight plan to show the difference. Press Menu/Enter for Yes or CLR for No.

Flight Plan with X-Link Active

Remote Shared Flight Plan

Modiﬁed Flight Plan

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Basic Operation

Flight Planning

Select an Origin Waypoint for Flight Plan

Edit

Pressing the Edit menu item key, while highlighting the Active ﬂight plan, creates a copy of the active ﬂight plan, which is called the “Modiﬁed” ﬂight plan. Making a copy protects you from accidently changing your active ﬂight plan. You can now edit the “Modiﬁed” ﬂight plan. If you are already viewing a “Modiﬁed” ﬂight plan, you will be prompted to replace the current modiﬁed ﬂight plan (Menu/Enter) or keep the current one (CLR).

1. Turn the Large knob to move to the leg to modify (highlighted in green).

2. Press Modify to change the selected leg or procedure. Use the Large and Small knobs to select a new waypoint and press Menu/Enter.

3. Press the →Wpt key to insert another Waypoint or press the Arwy key to insert an Airway.

4. After modifying the ﬂight plan, the smart keys give you the choice of Back, Executing, or Expanding and viewing details in the new Flight Plan

Execute (Exec)

Use the Execute command to make the highlighted ﬂight plan the Active ﬂight plan. A ﬂight plan that is being modiﬁed will not be used until you press Exec and conﬁrm the activation.

Comment (Cmnt)

This function allows you to place a comment, of up to one line of text, for the ﬂight plan. The comment will be placed just below the ﬂight plan name.

Copy

The Copy function creates a duplicate of the selected ﬂight plan. You can use the Copy function as a timesaving method to create a new ﬂight plan when you will reuse many of the same waypoints and procedures.

Removing a discontinuity from a Flight Plan

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Discontinuity

A Discontinuity is a message placed in the affected position in a ﬂight plan indicating the GNS 480 needs to know how you want to go between the two waypoints. Discontinuities are also inserted into the ﬂight plan when a standard instrument departure (SID) does not match the ﬁrst waypoint in the en route section of the ﬂight plan or when STAR or approach end points do not match or when a STAR terminating waypoint does not match the IAF of the approach.

Close the gap between waypoints by inserting waypoints or airways, or remove the discontinuity. You may delete the Discontinuity by turning the Large knob to highlight it and then pressing the CLR key. Deleting a discontinuity results in a direct path between those waypoints.

When the discontinuity is caused by an aspect of the ﬂight plan, such as an approach, the needed action may not be known before the ﬂight begins. It is not necessary to remove the discontinuity, immediately. At some point in the ﬂight, the pilot needs to ﬁll in the information needed to complete the ﬂight plan and remove the discontinuity. If the discontinuity is not removed, “disco” will be displayed on the bottom of the map display for the next and then the active legs as a reminder to correct the ﬂight plan. If you ﬂy into a discontinuity, the ﬂight plan will be suspended and the GNS 480 will continue to track outbound on the same course until you take action.

Pilot Nav Legs

When the “Pilot Nav” message appears on a leg in your ﬂight plan it means the GNS 480 will not provide guidance on that leg. You will have to use other ﬂight instruments or autopilot modes to ﬂy the given procedure leg.

The GNS 480 will go into Suspend mode when the current leg is a Pilot Nav leg. Pressing SUSP again sequences you to the next leg in the procedure. If the next leg is a course-based leg, the course deviation indicator will begin to center on intercept. You may engage the appropriate NAV mode on your autopilot or ﬂight director.

Setting up IFR Flight Plan waypoints

Basic Operation

Flight Planning

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Basic Operation

Flight Planning

Searching for Waypoints to Insert into a Flight Plan

The following steps describe in general how you can select a waypoint for one of the points in a ﬂight plan.

1. Press the FN key (if necessary) and then the FPL key.

2. Press the NEW key. The waypoint database will be displayed. You can choose to search for a waypoint by the Identiﬁer, Facility Name, Location, or Waypoint Type. The nearest airport within 30 NM will be the default waypoint.

3. Select by Identiﬁer

a. With the ﬁrst character of the Identiﬁer highlighted, turn the Small knob to select the desired

character.

b. Turn the Large knob clockwise (CW) to the next character and select the character by turning the

Small knob.

4. Select by Waypoint Type

a. With the ﬁrst character of the Identiﬁer highlighted, press the CRSR knob in. The whole Identiﬁer

ﬁeld will be highlighted. Now turn the Large knob counter-clockwise (CCW) one turn to highlight the waypoint type ﬁeld.

b. Turn the Small knob to display the different waypoint types.

5. Select by Facility Name

a. With the ﬁrst character of the Identiﬁer highlighted, press the CRSR knob in. The whole Identiﬁer

ﬁeld will be highlighted. Now turn the Large knob CCW one turn to highlight the Facility Name ﬁeld.

b. Turn the Small knob to display the facilities in alphabetic sequence.

6. Select by Location

a. With the ﬁrst character of the Identiﬁer highlighted, press the CRSR knob in. The whole Identiﬁer

ﬁeld will be highlighted. Now turn the Large knob CCW one turn to highlight the Location ﬁeld.

b. Turn the Small knob to display the facilities in alphabetic sequence.

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Activate a Flight Plan

1. Press the FPL function smart key to display the Flight Plan library. If the active ﬂight plan is displayed, press the BACK function smart key.

2. Turn the Large knob to the desired active ﬂight plan.

3. Press the EXEC function smart key.

Delete the Active Flight Plan

1. Press the FPL function smart key to display the Flight Plan library.

2. Turn the Large knob if necessary to highlight the active ﬂight plan.

3. Press the CLR key.

Edit a Flight Plan

Changing Origin, Destination, & Alternate Waypoints

1 Press FN and then the FPL function smart key.

2. Turn the Large knob to highlight the ﬂight plan to edit and press the EDIT function smart key.

3. Turn the Large knob to highlight the ﬂight plan name.

4. Press the Origin or Dest or Alternate menu item smart keys to change these waypoints.

5. The ﬂight plan is renamed and shown in the Library by the new Origin and Destination waypoint names.

6. Press the SAVE function smart key to save the ﬂight plan.

Inserting a Waypoint or Airway in Your Flight Plan

1. Highlight a waypoint with the Large knob.

2. Press the ->Wpt menu item smart key to insert another waypoint.

3. Use the Large and Small knobs to select a waypoint and then press Menu/Enter. The new waypoint will be inserted after the highlighted waypoint or en route intersection.

4. If the waypoint is on an airway (such as a VOR), Airways will be available to insert into your ﬂight plan. Press the ->Arwy menu item smart key. Use the Large and Small knobs (or smart keys) to select the Airway and exit waypoints. Press Menu/Enter.

5. Press the XPND function smart key to expanded view all of the waypoints inserted automatically by inserting the airway.

Basic Operation

Flight Planning

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Basic Operation

Flight Planning

Deleting a Waypoint or Airway in Your Flight Plan

1. While editing your ﬂight plan, turn the Large knob to highlight the waypoint or airway, in the compressed view (XPND is not highlighted), you want to delete.

2. You can edit in the expanded or compressed view of your ﬂight plan. In the expanded view, you can select each individual leg of your plan. In the compressed view, you can select and remove waypoints or airways that will also include associated part of that waypoint or airway.

3. Press the CLR key to remove a waypoint or airway. Deleting an airway generates a message you must acknowledge.

4. Press the SAVE function smart key to save your changes and return to the ﬂight plan library.

Steps for Setting Up a Simple Flight Plan

1. Press the FN key (if necessary) and then the FPL key.

2. Press the NEW key. The waypoint database will be displayed. You can choose to search for a waypoint by the identiﬁer, facility name, city, or waypoint type.

3. Select the Origin waypoint as described in “Edit a Flight Plan” above. Press Menu/Enter.

4. Select the Destination waypoint. Press Menu/Enter.

5. Select the ﬁnal operation for creating this ﬂight plan: Save or Execute. Press SAVE to store the ﬂight plan in the Library for future use or press EXEC to both save the Library plan and make the plan the Active ﬂight plan.

Steps for Setting Up a Flight Plan Using Terminal Procedures and Airways

Procedures can be inserted at the time you are creating the ﬂight plan (as described here) or later with the

Procedure (PROC) function. The general phases of ﬂight are shown below with the details following.

NOTE: If the datum for an airport is unknown, terminal and/or instrument procedures will be available, however navigating with them will cause a reminder message, “Non WGS-84 waypoint navigation.” The procedures are present, but must be selected from multiple transitions. Note that the name may not match the paper approach. Verify the sequence of waypoints to ensure you have selected the desired procedure.

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Take off

A. Set Origin, Destination, and Alternate Waypoints. B. Add Standard Instrument Departure Procedure (SID), if required. C. Insert en route ﬂight plan of Airways and/or Waypoints.

En Route

D. Modifying a Flight Plan While in Flight

Approach and Landing

E. Add Arrival Procedures (STAR). F. Add Approach Procedures when you receive clearance.

A. Set Origin, Destination, and Alternate Waypoints

1. In Flight Plan mode, press the NEW key.

2. Use the Large and Small knobs to select the Origin waypoint. Press Menu/Enter.

3. The Destination waypoint selection page will now be displayed. Select the Destination waypoint and press Menu/Enter.

4. Set an Alternate airport, if desired. Turn the Large knob CCW to highlight the ﬂight plan name. Press the Altrnt key and select an alternate airport/waypoint along the ﬂight plan with the Large and Small knobs. The alternate airport will be added in parentheses to the ﬂight plan name.

5. Press SAVE.

B. Add a Standard Instrument Departure (SID) Procedure

SIDs may be modiﬁed in either the Flight Plan (FPL) or Procedure (PROC) modes. The Procedure mode method is shown.

1. In Flight Plan mode, highlight the ﬂight plan name and press EXEC.

2. Press FN and then PROC.

3. In the Origin section press the Depart key.

Basic Operation

Flight Planning

NOTE: Guidance is not provided for Pilot Nav legs or Vectored SIDs. (Not in the database)

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Basic Operation

Flight Planning

4. The runway is highlighted. Use the Small knob or menu item keys on the right side of the display to select a runway.

5. Turn the Large knob to select the departure procedure and transition.

6. Verify your ﬂight plan and resolve any discontinuities. Press Menu/Enter to insert the procedure into your modiﬁed ﬂight plan.

C. Insert En Route Flight Plan Airways and/or Waypoints

1. While in Edit mode, turn the Large knob CW to highlight the waypoint where you want to insert a waypoint or Airway in your ﬂight plan after it. Press →Wpt or →Arwy. In this example, Airway is selected.

2. Turn the Small knob or press one of the Menu Item keys next to the available airways to select the airway.

3. Turn the Large knob CW one position to highlight the Intersection choices. Turn the Small knob to choose the desired waypoint to exit the Airway. Press Menu/Enter.

D. Modifying a Flight Plan While In Flight

Flight plans may be modiﬁed in either the Flight Plan (FPL) or Procedure (PROC) modes. In Flight Plan mode you can modify the entire ﬂight plan. In Procedure mode you can modify procedures for the Origin and Destination airports. Both methods are shown below.

Using Flight Plan Mode to Modify a Flight Plan

1. Press the FN key and then the FPL key.

2. If necessary, highlight the Active ﬂight plan. Press the EDIT key.

3. If you want to change the Origin, Destination, or Alternate airports, press the appropriate selection key on the left side of the display when the ﬂight plan name is highlighted. If you want to insert a waypoint or airway, go to step 5.

4. Turn the Large knob to highlight the leg where you want to make the change.

5. Press →Wpt to insert a waypoint or →Arwy to insert an airway following the highlighted leg. If the airway choice is not available there are no airways available for that waypoint. Delete a waypoint or airway by pressing the CLR key.

6. Press XPND to display all of the legs of the ﬂight plan.

7. Review your ﬂight plan to resolve any discontinuities as desired and then press the EXEC key to execute.

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Selecting an Alternate Airport

1. Press FN and then PROC to go to the Procedure Mode.

2. Press the Select key next to the Alternate airport.

3. Next, press the Load key to load the alternate to the destination airport into your ﬂight plan. \

4. If you want to choose a different Alternate airport, press Modify, choose another airport with the Large and Small knobs and press Menu/Enter. If you do not have an Alternate airport, select one by pressing Modify and select one with the Large and Small knobs followed by pressing Menu/Enter.

5. Insert any waypoints, or airways, for the diversion and then press EXEC.

NOTE: When you execute the changed plan, you will not have an active leg until you activate a new ﬂight plan leg with either the FlyLeg, Direct-To, or CrsTo functions.

For an alternate nearby airport, use the NRST function and ﬂy Direct-To a new DEST (destination).

E. Add Arrival Procedures (STARS)

1. Press the Arrival key in the Destination section.

2. Use the Large and Small knobs to select the runway, arrival, and transition.

3. Press Menu/Enter.

F. Add Approach Procedures

1. Press the Appr key. Select the approach with the Large and Small knobs, or the keys on the right side of the display. Press Menu/Enter.

2. Press the XPND (Expand) key to view all waypoints and legs in the ﬂight plan. Every waypoint, airway, procedure, and intersection is shown with the bearing and distance of each leg. Verify the waypoints in your ﬂight plan and resolve any discontinuities.

3. Press EXEC.

Basic Operation

Flight Planning

Flying Direct to a Waypoint in a Flight Plan

1. Press Direct-To. The ﬂight plan waypoint list will be displayed.

2. Turn the Large knob to highlight the desired waypoint.

3. Press the Direct key on the right side of the display.

Making a Flight Plan Leg Active

With the FlyLeg Menu selection, you can activate a particular leg of your ﬂight plan. This feature allows you to bypass a waypoint in your ﬂight plan.

1. Press Direct-To.

2. Select the desired leg of your ﬂight plan with the Large knob (ActFP smart key is highlighted).

3. Press the FlyLeg key to activate the selected leg.

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Basic Operation

Flight Planning

LEG TYPES

The GNS 480 is the only panel mount navigator to implement all the available leg types that currently exist in airways, instrument procedures, and approaches. These legs are described in the following diagrams, with associated descriptions of each leg. Because the GNS 480 supports these leg types, it automatically sequences through the majority of the ﬂight plan legs, or allows for a simple one keystroke interface to sequence when automatic sequencing is not available. This greatly reduces the pilot’s workload during critical phases of ﬂight, such as departure or approach and landing.

An example of how these leg types are implemented can be found in a simple SID procedure, such as the Farmington Three Departure at KHIO. If we depart on Runway 30, the text of the departure on the Jeppesen plate is as follows: Turn LEFT to a 120° heading, then intercept and proceed via UBG R-346 to UBG VOR. Thence via assigned route.

To dissect this example, look on the flight plan page after inserting the departure and see the legs the GNS 480 automatically inserts, the first being a heading of 305° to an altitude of 604 feet MSL. This is because no turns are allowed below 400 feet AGL for an instrument departure. Upon reaching the required altitude, the GNS 480 will sequence automatically to a heading to intercept leg of 120° to the 166° course to UBG. The heading leg of 120° is shown as a Pilot Nav leg and sequencing may be accomplished by pressing the SUSP key once. Once the flight plan sequences, the guidance to the 166° course will be active on your CDI to complete the intercept. Roll steering is active and you may engage the NAV mode or roll steering mode as appropriate. After reaching UBG, the system will automatically sequence to the next leg in your en route flight plan. Roll steering or course guidance is not available on heading legs.

NOTE: If the GNS 480 does not have an altitude input, the system will not sequence automatically on the missed approach. It is advisable to install the GNS 480 system with an altitude input.

Turn Short Path Calculation

The GNS 480 will automatically calculate a turn short curved path as it sequences between waypoints, when allowed. The size of the

turn short curved path radius is calculated based upon aircraft ground speed. This is shown in magenta on the moving map adjacent to the active waypoint and leading to the course to the next waypoint. The GNS 480 roll steering autopilot commands will follow the magenta curved path. A turn short is not calculated for course changes in excess of 120°.

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Leg Types Flight Plan Page Active From/To/Next Waypoints Description

(PILOT NAV) The heading to a radial leg deﬁnes a heading to ﬂy and a VOR radial at which the leg terminates. The VOR radial is deﬁned by both the VOR identiﬁer and the radial number. The pilot will have to maintain the desired heading manually and initiate sequencing manually upon approaching the speciﬁed radial. This can be easily accomplished using the VOR receiver.

Heading to a VOR Radial

(PILOT NAV) The heading to a DME distance leg deﬁnes a heading to ﬂy and a DME distance at which the leg terminates. The distance is deﬁned by both the identiﬁer of the DME ﬁx and the distance. The pilot will have to maintain the desired heading manually and initiate sequencing manually upon reaching the speciﬁed DME distance.

Heading to a DME Distance

(PILOT NAV) The heading to an intercept leg deﬁnes a heading to intercept the next leg. The pilot will have to maintain the desired heading manually and initiate sequencing manually upon intercepting the next leg of the ﬂight plan. The next course will be shown on the moving map.

Heading to Intercept

Basic Operation

Flight Planning

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Basic Operation

Flight Planning

Leg Types Flight Plan Page Active From/To/Next Waypoints Description

Heading to a Manual Termination

(Vector)

Heading to an Altitude

Course to a Fix

The heading to a manual termination leg deﬁnes a heading to ﬂy until the pilot initiates sequencing. Like the ﬁx to a manual termination leg, this type of leg is most often used where the pilot is to expect vectors from air trafﬁc control. The pilot will have to maintain the desired heading manually and initiate sequencing manually when appropriate.

The heading to an altitude leg deﬁnes a heading to ﬂy and an altitude at which the leg sequences. The pilot will have to maintain the desired heading manually, but sequencing to the next leg in the ﬂight plan happens automatically upon reaching the speciﬁed altitude.

The course to a ﬁx leg deﬁnes a path to a ﬁx on a speciﬁc course. When a course to a ﬁx leg is used for a vectors-to-ﬁnal approach transition, the course is preceded by the word “vectors” in the ﬂight plan view.

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Leg Types Flight Plan Page Active From/To/Next Waypoints Description

The course to an altitude leg deﬁnes a speciﬁc course to be ﬂown from the position at which the leg is initiated and an altitude at which the leg terminates. Sequencing occurs automatically upon reaching the speciﬁed altitude.

Course to an Altitude

(PILOT NAV) The course to a DME distance leg deﬁnes a speciﬁc course to be ﬂown from the position at which the leg is initiated and a DME distance at which the leg terminates. The distance is deﬁned by both the identiﬁer of the DME ﬁx and the distance, as shown in the example the Course-To is C238 and the Identiﬁer is VIL with the DME distance of 0.70 nm is shown in brackets. The pilot will have to maintain the desired

Course to a DME Distance

Course to Intercept

course manually and initiate sequencing manually upon reaching the speciﬁed DME distance.

(PILOT NAV) The course to an intercept leg deﬁnes a speciﬁc course to be ﬂown from the position at which the leg is initiated. It terminates upon intercepting the next leg. The pilot will have to maintain the desired course manually and initiate sequencing manually upon intercepting the next leg of the ﬂight plan.

Basic Operation

Flight Planning

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Basic Operation

Flight Planning

Leg Types Flight Plan Page Active From/To/Next Waypoints Description

(PILOT NAV) The course to a radial leg deﬁnes a speciﬁc course to be ﬂown from the position at which the leg is initiated and a VOR radial at which the leg terminates. The VOR radial is deﬁned by both the VOR identiﬁer and the radial number. The pilot will have to maintain the desired course manually and initiate sequencing manually upon approaching

Course to a VOR Radial

Constant Radius Arc

Track to a Fix

the speciﬁed radial. This can be easily accomplished using the VOR receiver.

The constant radius arc leg is similar to an arc to a ﬁx leg. This leg can occur at any location and will deﬁne an arced path between two other legs. Also, unlike the arc to a ﬁx leg, there should be no separate turn required at the beginning or end of this type of leg. You may ﬂy this leg keeping the CDI centered as you ﬂy the curved path.

The track to a ﬁx leg is the most commonly used leg type for GPS navigation. It deﬁnes a geodesic (or great circle) path from the previous database ﬁx to the next database ﬁx.

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Basic Operation

Flight Planning

Leg Types Flight Plan Page Active From/To/Next Waypoints Description

The initial ﬁx deﬁnes a database ﬁx to be used in the ﬂight plan, not an actual leg. The ﬁx will serve to deﬁne the beginning of a leg that follows such as a track to ﬁx or course from ﬁx leg. .

Initial Fix

The procedure turn leg deﬁnes a course reversal procedure starting at a database ﬁx, with a speciﬁc course, and a direction, left or right, to initiate the turn. A maximum distance in which the turn must be accomplished is also deﬁned and drawn on the moving map. This type of leg is always followed by a course to a ﬁx leg that establishes the inbound course after

Procedure Turn

Direct to a Fix

the turn is completed.

The direct to a ﬁx leg allows navigation directly to a database ﬁx from your present position. When direct to navigation is initiated by the user, the GNS 480 will create a curved path that aligns the aircraft on a direct course to the ﬁx. Direct to ﬁx legs are also used in some procedures.

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Basic Operation

Flight Planning

Leg Types Flight Plan Page Active From/To/Next Waypoints Description

The hold to a ﬁx leg deﬁnes a holding pattern that is to be ﬂown only once. This leg is most often used in newer RNAV procedures in place of a procedure turn to accomplish a course reversal.

Hold to a Fix

The hold to an altitude leg deﬁnes a holding pattern to be ﬂown and an altitude at which the holding pattern is to be terminated. This leg is most often used in a departure where a certain altitude must be attained in a hold before continuing en route.

Hold to an Altitude

The hold to a manual termination leg deﬁnes a holding pattern to be ﬂown for an indeﬁnite number of turns. These can be added using the Hold function under the Direct-To key. They almost always are the termination of a published missed approach.

Hold from a Fix to a Manual Termination

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Leg Types Flight Plan Page Active From/To/Next Waypoints Description

Course from a Fix to an Altitude

Track from a Fix to a Distance

Fix to a DME Distance

Basic Operation

Flight Planning

(PILOT NAV) The ﬁx to an altitude leg deﬁnes a speciﬁc course to be ﬂown away from a database ﬁx and an altitude at which the leg terminates. The pilot will have to maintain the desired course manually and initiate sequencing manually upon reaching the speciﬁed altitude.

(PILOT NAV) The ﬁx from a distance leg deﬁnes a speciﬁc course to be ﬂown away from a database ﬁx and a distance from the ﬁx at which the leg terminates. The pilot will have to maintain the desired course manually and initiate sequencing manually upon reaching the speciﬁed distance from the ﬁx.

(PILOT NAV) The ﬁx to a DME distance leg deﬁnes a speciﬁc course to be ﬂown away from a database ﬁx and a DME distance at which the leg terminates. Since the leg does not necessarily start at the DME, the distance is deﬁned by both the identiﬁer of the DME ﬁx and the distance. The pilot will have to maintain the desired course manually and initiate sequencing manually upon reaching the speciﬁed DME distance.

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Basic Operation

Flight Planning

Leg Types Flight Plan Page Active From/To/Next Waypoints Description

The ﬁx to a manual termination leg deﬁnes a speciﬁc course to be ﬂown away from a database ﬁx to an unspeciﬁed location. This type of leg is most often used where the pilot is to expect vectors from air trafﬁc control, for example, at the end of an arrival. The pilot will have to initiate sequencing manually when appropriate. If this ﬁx to manual termination leg was initiated

Course from a Fix to a

Manual Termination

DME Arc

by the pilot using the course-from function under the Direct-To key, then sequencing will not be allowed.

The arc to a ﬁx leg is used to deﬁne a DME arc leg. A DME distance and the terminating ﬁx are used to deﬁne this leg. This leg is typically used in VOR-DME approaches. The GNS 480 provides guidance on curved path DME arcs. The pilot can maintain the arc by keeping the CDI centered manually or by using the autopilot.

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Procedures

The Procedure mode allows you to add or modify procedures to standard locations within the active ﬂight plan. No options will be available if there is not an active ﬂight plan. When you start adding or modifying procedures, a modiﬁed (copy of the active) ﬂight plan is created. You can only change the Origin approach and departure procedures, Destination arrival and approach procedures, and select an alternate airport. At the bottom of the screen, the ﬂight plan status of either Active or Modiﬁed will be shown.

Selecting Procedures

1. Press FN and then the PROC function smart key.

2. Press the Appch (Approach), Depart (Departure), or Arrival menu item smart keys for the Origin or Destination (Dest) waypoints.

3. For approaches, a list of procedure types is shown on the right side of the screen. Pressing the menu item key next to the procedure type (GPS, ILS, LOC, VOR, or NDB) will make those types available on the top line of the screen.

4. Use the Large knob to move between ﬁelds and the Small knob to scroll through the available procedure choices. A representative map is shown below the procedure name.

5. You can press the BACK function smart key to back up to the main Procedure page without making any changes.

6. Press Menu/Enter to select the procedure. This inserts it into the Modiﬁed Flight Plan and proceeding to Flight Plan Edit mode for review and execution.

Basic Operation

Procedures

Activating an Approach

After selecting the procedures for your ﬂight plan, press the EXEC function smart key to activate the modiﬁed ﬂight plan with the added procedures. When you press the EXEC key, you will be prompted to press the Menu/Enter key to replace the Active ﬂight plan with the Modiﬁed ﬂight plan. Pressing BACK takes you back to the Procedures page without activating the modiﬁed plan. Pressing the VTF (Vector To Final) key creates and activates a leg in the ﬂight plan that is an extension of the Final Approach Course beyond the FAF.

NOTE: VTF can be selected regardless of the initial approach ﬁx selected. If ATC vectors you after selecting an expected transition, VTF will remove the transition and extend the ﬁnal approach course automatically.

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Basic Operation

Procedures

Steps for approach operations

• Editmode

• Modifyightplan

• Reviewightplanmodications

against published charts

• Executetheightplan

Basic Approach Operations Examples

The GNS 480 provides precision and non-precision approach guidance using its built-in GPS receiver. The moving map pages can also be used as a supplemental aid to situational awareness for ILS approaches (and non-precision localizer-based approaches), but the localizer and glideslope receivers MUST be used for primary approach course guidance. The GNS 480 also provides GPS precision approach capability, known as LPV approaches.

Approaches designed speciﬁcally for GPS are often very simple and don’t require overﬂying a VOR or NDB. Currently, many non-precision approaches have “GPS overlays” to let you ﬂy an existing procedure (VOR, VOR/DME, NDB, RNAV, etc.) more accurately using GPS. To date, there are over 2,400 GPS-only approaches and over 2,900 GPS overlay approaches worldwide.

Many overlay approaches are more complex (in comparison to GPS-only approaches). The GNS 480 displays and guides you through each leg of the approach — automatically sequencing through each of these legs, up to the missed approach point (MAP). Approaches may be ﬂown “as published” with the full transition — using any published feeder route or initial approach ﬁx (IAF) — or may be ﬂown with a vectors-to-ﬁnal transition.

Approach operations on the GNS 480 typically begin with the same basic steps:

1. Select the destination airport using the Direct-To key (and DEST function), use an existing ﬂight plan, or use the Procedure Mode.

2. “Load” the approach (often while en route) in anticipation of its future use. This places the approach in the “modiﬁed” ﬂight plan, but retains course guidance from the active ﬂight plan until the approach is “Executed.”

3. “Execute” the full approach and vectors-to-ﬁnal, if appropriate. In some scenarios, you may ﬁnd it more convenient to immediately execute the approach and ﬂy direct to the Initial Approach Fix (IAF), if cleared to do so. Verify the ﬂight plan changes prior to executing the active ﬂight plan.

NOTE: If you load an approach with a transition with a procedure turn and then subsequently are vectored, selection of Vector To Final (VTF) mode removes the procedure turn and extends the ﬁnal approach course from the FAF.

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Approaches with Procedure Turns

[RW04]

The procedure turn portion of an approach is stored as one of the legs of the approach. For this reason, the GNS 480 requires no special operations from the

Lynchburg (VA) Regional

VOR or GPS Rwy 04





pilot — other than ﬂying the procedure turn itself — beyond what is required for any other type of approach. The procedure turn is automatically inserted based on the approach transition selection.

This example uses the VOR Runway 04 approach for Lynchburg (Virginia) Regional Airport, KLYH, and assumes a departure from Frederick (Maryland) Municipal Airport, KFDK direct to KLYH or via an airway. The steps required to set up and ﬂy the approach are detailed below:

1. While en route to KLYH, some 40-50 nautical miles away, you select the ATIS frequency to monitor airport conditions and runway usage. This is accomplished by displaying the INFO Page and selecting the ATIS frequency from the list. Press <-SBY to place the frequency on standby. Use the COM monitor function to listen to the ATIS frequency. Your active frequency will not be affected.

2. From ATIS you learn that runway 04 is in use and plan your approach accordingly. Press the PROC key and select the “VOR 04” approach. From the transitions ﬁeld, select LYH VOR (the IAF). Press Menu/ Enter to load the approach into the modiﬁed ﬂight plan.

3. After you review the modiﬁed ﬂight plan, execute it. If you are cleared direct to the IAF, you may highlight the IAF on the Direct page and select Direct.

DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION

Basic Operation

Procedures

NOTE: Course change messages appear 10 seconds before reaching the change location.

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RW04

Basic Operation

Procedures

Flying the Procedure Turn

1. Within 30 nautical miles of the destination airport, the GNS 480 switches from “en route” mode to “terminal” mode (as indicated in the lower left corner of the screen). The switch to terminal mode















DO NOT

USE FOR

NAVIGATION

6. After approximately one minute, the GNS 480 will provide a message “RIGHT TO TRK 340°,” the CDI needle swings to the opposite side to provide proper sensing along the ﬁnal course segment and “RIGHT TO TRK 025°” appears on the bottom of the screen when the ﬁnal approach course becomes the active leg.

NOTE: For roll steering-capable autopilots, the ﬁnal approach course may be set at the IAF. The GNS 480 will ﬂy the entire procedure automatically.

7. As the CDI needle starts to center, make a right turn to 025° — the ﬁnal approach course.

is accompanied by a gradual Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) scale transition from 2.0 to 1.0 nautical miles, full scale deﬂection.

2. For non-roll steering autopilots or manual ﬂight, as you approach the IAF (LYH), a waypoint message appears in the bottom of the screen. As the distance (DIST) to the IAF approaches zero, the message is replaced by a turn advisory (“Left/Right TO TRK 209°”). Dial the outbound course of 205° into the CDI (or HSI) using the OBS knob and initiate a standard rate turn to this course heading.

3. Fly the outbound course, keeping the CDI needle centered.

4. Once you have ﬂown approximately one minute past the IAF (LYH), the message “LEFT TO TRK 164°” appears on the bottom of the screen. You may initiate the procedure turn at any time after receiving this alert message.

5. Turn left to a heading of 160° to initiate the procedure turn. Course guidance is provided relative to the outbound leg from the FAF. The procedure turn is displayed on the Map Page and indicated as the active leg on the Default NAV and Active Flight Plan pages. The CDI needle starts moving to the right.

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8. Within 2.0 nautical miles of the FAF (LYH), the GNS 480 switches

RW04

from terminal mode to “approach” mode. CDI scaling is tightened from either 2° or 1.0 to 0.3 nautical miles, full scale deﬂection, whichever is smaller.

9. As you approach the FAF, a waypoint message on the bottom of the display “RIGHT TO TRK 025°” appears. Make any course adjustments necessary for the ﬁnal course segment (FAF to MAP).

10. As you cross the FAF, the destination sequences to the MAP (“RW04”), the runway threshold). With the needle centered, ﬂy toward the MAP, observing the altitude minimums dictated by the approach plate.

11. As you cross the MAP, you will receive an audio message “missed approach point” unless there is activity on the active Com frequency.

Basic Operation

Procedures

DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION







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RW04

Basic Operation

Procedures





NOTE: Remember that heading legs must be ﬂown manually or by using Heading mode on your autopilot. If you have a “Pilot Nav” leg in the approach, the GNS 480 will suspend waypoint sequencing. Press the SUSP key once to sequence to the next leg.

1. Follow the missed approach procedures, as published on your approach plate and for proper climb. The GNS 480 guides you to the holding pattern, along the 053° radial from LYH VOR. The leg for the 010° heading will sequence automatically after reaching the appropriate altitude. The heading leg for the 080° heading will suspend. Establish the airplane on a 080° heading, as required. Once established, press the SUSP key once to cause the GNS 480 to sequence to the next leg. When the 053° course comes alive, complete the intercept manually, or automatically using the autopilot.

2. A message on the bottom of the screen recommends entry procedures for the holding pattern (i.e., “HOLD DIRECT”, “HOLD PARALLEL”, or “HOLD TEARDROP”). As you ﬂy the holding pattern, you may manually ﬂy the dashed magenta holding pattern on the moving map. The hold is automatically sized for a one minute leg. Roll steering-capable autopilots will ﬂy the hold and hold entry automatically.

3. The GNS 480 provides course guidance only on the inbound course to the holding ﬁx. When leaving the holding pattern to re-ﬂy the approach (or another approach) press the PROC key to activate Vector To Final (VTF) mode for vectors or for a full procedure direct to LYH using the Direct-To key as described earlier.

NOTE: In the event that you wish to divert direct to another destination airport, use the Destination (DEST) function on the Direct-To page.



DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION

Flying the Missed Approach

After you pass the MAP, if you cannot continue the approach and land, usually you must execute a missed approach. The GNS 480 will automatically sequence to the ﬁrst leg of the missed approach. Fly the heading legs manually. When the heading to intercept course leg becomes active (080° heading), press the SUSP key to “unsuspend” waypoint sequencing. You may reengage roll steering on your autopilot, when the course comes alive. The GNS 480 will then ﬂy the Hold Entry and Holding automatically. Non-roll steering autopilots or manual ﬂight may be accomplished by ﬂying to the CDI. Refer to the Holding section.

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Flying an Approach with a Hold

Starting where the previous example left off, we’ll assume weather conditions resulted in a missed approach at Lynchburg Regional. Now, you’ve decided to divert to Farmville Regional (KFVX) instead. If KFVX is nearby, press the NRST key and use the Large knob to highlight KFVX.

1. Press the Direct-To key.

2. Press the DEST menu item key. .

3. Press Menu/Enter to conﬁrm.

This time, you select the GPS runway 21 approach into Farmville Regional. The GPS runway 21 approach begins with a holding pattern at the IAF, BODRY intersection.

4. Press PROC and select the “GPS 21” approach.

5. From the transitions window, select the BODRY intersection as the IAF. Review the loaded approach and select “Execute (EXEC)” to activate the approach. When cleared, select Direct-To BODRY.

6. As in the last example, within 30 nautical miles of the airport, the GNS 480 switches from en route mode to terminal mode, and the CDI scale transitions from 2.0 to 1.0 nautical miles, full scale deﬂection.

 

Farmville (VA) Regional

GPS Rwy 21

DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION

Basic Operation

Procedures

NOTE: For transitions requiring a course reversal, the GNS 480 will ﬂy the course reversal automatically. For transitions marked “NoPT,” the GNS 480 will sequence to the next leg to the DEPOY intersection.

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Basic Operation

Procedures

7. Just prior to crossing the BODRY

 

DO NOT USE FOR

intersection, a message — ”HOLD TEARDROP” — appears on the bottom of the screen to suggest the proper holding pattern entry. “HOLD DIRECT AHEAD” or “HOLD TEARDROP AHEAD” may be offered on other similar approaches.

8. As mentioned in the missed approach example, the holding pattern will be sized correctly for your ground speed and a one minute leg. If air data is available to the GNS 480, the hold will be reshaped to create standard rate turns at both ends.

NAVIGATION

NOTE: If you need to lose extra altitude or speed by going around the holding pattern again, press SUSP to manually suspend waypoint sequencing BEFORE crossing the holding waypoint the second time.

9. At 2.0 nautical miles from the FAF (DEPOY intersection), the GNS 480 switches from terminal mode to approach mode. CDI scaling is tightened from either 2° or 1.0 to 0.3 nautical mile, full scale deﬂection, whichever is smaller.

10. As you approach the FAF, a waypoint alert in the bottom of the screen (“NEXT DTK 209°”) appears. Make any course adjustments necessary for the ﬁnal course segment (FAF to MAP).

11. As you cross the FAF, the destination sequences to the MAP (“RW21”), the runway threshold). With the needle centered, ﬂy toward the MAP, observing the altitude minimums dictated by the approach plate.

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NOTE: When viewing the Map Page, you’ll note that the ﬁnal course segment is displayed in magenta — the active leg of the ﬂight plan always appears in magenta.

12. As you approach the MAP, a waypoint message (“NEXT TRACK 212°”) appears in the lower right corner of the screen.

13. As you cross the MAP, you will hear the Audio “MISSED APPROACH POINT.” Follow the missed approach instructions. The GNS 480 will sequence to the ﬁrst leg of the missed approach procedure, which is a course of 209° to 2600 feet. It will then automatically sequence direct to BODRY for holding once the altitude requirement is met. Fly the guidance shown on the GNS 480 to the hold.

Basic Operation

Procedures





DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION

The circle at the end of a leg indicates the point of meeting the altitude constraint for that leg. It

is the same for heading to altitude legs, except

the line is dashed and magenta.

Page 92

Basic Operation

Procedures

Flying a DME Arc Approach

The VOR DME arc approach uses additional Jeppesen-provided waypoints to deﬁne the arc. These waypoints are indicated by “D” as the ﬁrst letter in the waypoint name. This is followed by three numbers indicating the radial the waypoint lies on. The last letter indicates the radius of the arc.

NOTE: The letter/number DME arc names are being replaced with standard ﬁve-letter intersection names. You may encounter either naming convention for an approach you select

When cleared for a DME arc approach, you may do either of the following to intercept the arc:

Billard Muni (Topeka, KS)

VOR or GPS Rwy 22

•FlydirecttotheIAFontheDMEArc.

•FollowATCvectorswhichallowyou

to intercept the arc at any point along the arc. If so, use the Flyleg function in Direct-To to activate the DME Arc leg.

This example is based upon a ﬂight from Hutchinson (Kansas) Municipal (KHUT)



to Billard Municipal (KTOP) in Topeka, Kansas. The VOR/DME runway 22 approach is selected, along with “LEBVY” as the IAF.

DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION

DME Arc Leg shown on moving map and in the

course direction description line at the bottom of

the screen.

1. Select Billard Muni (KTOP) as your destination, with the DEST key.

2. Press the PROC key and select the “VOR 22” approach. From the transitions ﬁeld, select “ the IAF. Review the modiﬁed ﬂight plan and execute. When cleared to highlight

frequency to 117.80 unless you tuned this frequency already.

LEBVY

with the Large knob, and press Direct. You will receive a message to change the VOR

LEBVY

, press the Direct-To key,

LEBVY

” as

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3. Within 30 nautical miles of KTOP, the

DMARY

LEBVY

GNS 480 switches from en route mode to terminal mode and the CDI scale transitions from 2.0 to 1.0 nautical miles, full scale deﬂection.

4. As you approach the IAF ( waypoint message (“LEFT TO TRK 352°”) appears on the bottom of the screen. As the distance to the IAF approaches zero, the message begins to count down to the turn 10 seconds prior to initiating the turn.

5. Follow the arc and keep the CDI needle centered. When using a non-roll steering autopilot, the course select on the CDI (or HSI) must be periodically updated with the desired track (DTK) to ensure proper tracking through the arc. If you are using a roll steering-capable autopilot which will ﬂy the arc automatically. If you are vectored to intercept the arc, press the Direct- To key, highlight the waypoint D025G with the Large key which has a small arc symbol above it. Press the FlyLeg menu item key to make the arc leg guidance active on the CDI.

6. The next point in the approach is an intermediate ﬁx, labeled “DMARY.” As you approach this intermediate ﬁx, a waypoint message (“RIGHT TRK 205°”) appears on the bottom of the screen. As the distance to this ﬁx approaches zero, the message is replaced by a 10 second countdown message prior to the turn.

7. Dial this course into the CDI (or HSI) using the OBS knob and initiate a standard rate turn to this course heading.

LEBVY

), a

DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION



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





Billard Muni (Topeka, KS)

VOR or GPS Rwy 22

Basic Operation

Procedures



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Basic Operation

Procedures

DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION



11. The Missed Approach consists of a course to altitude leg of 214° to an altitude of 1281 feet. Press the CDI key to switch the CDI source from the VOR back to GPS. Fly the guidance provided by the GNS

480. It will automatically sequence at the MAP to the missed approach. After reaching 1281 feet, the GNS 480 will automatically sequence direct to the TOP VOR for the hold.

8. As you approach the FAF, a waypoint message (“RIGHT TO TRK 214°”) on the bottom of the screen appears. As this is not a GPS overlay, press the CDI key to switch from the GPS to the VOR source for the CDI. Select this course on the CDI (or HSI) using the OBS knob and turn to the ﬁnal course segment (FAF to MAP) heading.

9. As you cross the FAF, the destination sequences to the MAP (“RW22”, the runway threshold). With the needle centered, ﬂy toward the MAP, observing the altitude minimums dictated by the approach plate. When viewing the Map Page, you’ll note that the ﬁnal course segment is displayed in magenta (the active leg of the ﬂight plan always appears in magenta) and a dashed magenta line shows the ﬁrst leg of the missed approach.

10. As you approach the MAP, a waypoint message with countdown time appears on the bottom of the screen.

NOTE: For roll steering-capable autopilots: after crossing the MAP, you may reengage the autopilot roll steering to allow the GNS 480 to ﬂy the Missed Approach automatically.

Page 95

Vectors To Final

Let’s take a second look at the “VOR 22” approach into Billard Municipal (KTOP). Instead of following the DME arc, ATC tells you to expect vectors onto the ﬁnal approach course. There are several ways to select “vectors to ﬁnal” (VTF) with the GNS 480. The two options below normally require the least workload to accomplish:

•Whentheapproachisrstselected,choose“VECTORS”fromthetransitionseld.

•Loadafullapproach—includingtheIAFfromthetransitionswindow.

•Then,whencleared,pressPROC and select VTF (Vectors-To-Final).

NOTE: If a transition with a procedure turn or course reversal in holding is selected, and ATC subsequently vectors you to the ﬁnal approach course, VTF mode will automatically remove the procedure turn and make the in-bound course active for the intercept.

To select “VECTORS” from the transitions ﬁeld:

1. Press the PROC key and select the “VOR 22” approach.

2. From the transitions ﬁeld, select “VECTORS.”

3. Review the modiﬁed ﬂight plan and execute it.

To activate vectors-to-ﬁnal from the procedures page:

Regardless of what transition was selected, press the VTF function smart key to activate vectors to ﬁnal.

Basic Operation

Procedures

When you are in the Terminal area, you

may be directed to ﬂy a vector to ﬁnal approach.

1. Press FN and then PROC.

2. Press VTF.

3. Follow the guidance from the GNS 480 as the inbound course to the Final Approach Fix (FAF) is now active.

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Basic Operation

Procedures

DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION

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

4. ATC instructs you to turn right to a heading of 115°.

5. ATC instructs you to turn right to a heading of 175° to intercept the ﬁnal approach course. As you converge with the ﬁnal approach course the needle moves toward the center. In the illustration, the needle has returned to the on-screen CDI and your current position is less than 1.0 nm right of the ﬁnal approach course.

With “Vectors-To-Final” selected, the CDI needle remains off center until you’re established on the ﬁnal approach course. The Map Page displays an extension of the ﬁnal approach course in magenta (remember, magenta is used to depict the active leg of the ﬂight plan) and “VTF” is annunciated in the lower left corner of the screen (as a reminder that the approach was activated with vectors-to-ﬁnal). In this example, we’ll assume ATC vectors result in a rectangular course to intercept ﬁnal, as follows:

1. Within 30 nautical miles of KTOP, the GNS 480 switches from en route mode to terminal mode and the CDI scale transitions from 2.0 to 1.0 nautical miles, full scale deﬂection.

2. If you haven’t already done so, activate VTF mode and set the inbound course on the CDI. This allows the GNS 480 to guide you to the ﬁnal approach course. Verify that “VTF” is annunciated.

3. ATC instructs you to turn left to a heading of 025°. This places you parallel to the ﬁnal approach course in the opposite direction. CDI needle deﬂection is to the left.

Flying a Vectored Approach

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6. As the CDI needle centers, make any remaining course corrections to establish yourself on the ﬁnal approach course.

7. As you approach the FAF, a waypoint alert on the bottom of the screen (“RIGHT TO TRK 214°”) appears. Make any course adjustments necessary for the ﬁnal course segment (FAF to MAP).

8. As you cross the FAF, the destination sequences to the MAP (“RW22”). With the needle centered, ﬂy toward the MAP, observing the altitude minimums dictated by the approach plate.

9. As you approach the MAP, a waypoint message appears on the bottom of the screen and an audio message occurs.

10. See the Flying the Missed Approach.

In VTF mode, if you are within 45° of the inbound course and you are on the TO side, the

“SUSP” mode will turn off and return to normal sequencing.

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Basic Operation

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Procedures

Auto

within this area

Switch to VLOC

ILS Approaches

Precision approaches can be performed with the GNS 480’s built-in VLOC (VOR/localizer/glideslope) receivers. The GPS receiver can be used for guidance prior to reaching the ﬁnal approach ﬁx, but once there, the proper frequency must be selected on the VLOC window (left side of screen) and the CDI output set to “VLOC”.

The GNS 480 can be set to automatically switch the external CDI output from GPS to VLOC as you intercept the ﬁnal approach course. When the ILS approach is activated (and the correct ILS frequency is active in the VLOC window), the GNS 480 automatically switches within 1.2 nautical miles left or right of the ﬁnal approach course. The following criteria must be met for the CDI autoswitch to occur based on your present position: 1) the aircraft must be before the FAF, 2) within 15 nm of the FAF, 3) aircraft and ground track is within 90

° of the ﬁnal approach course, 4) within 1.2 nm of cross track error, 5) there are no course reversals in the ﬂight plan to be performed, and 6) the ILS frequency is valid with a decoded ident.

The illustration shows both multiple locations along the approach path and the CDI selection that you can expect: GPS or VLOC. Within the area of the shaded box, the automatic switch from GPS to VLOC should occur. The pilot will receive a message “SWITCHING FROM GPS TO NAV.”

NOTE: If an unusual approach intercept is made, the GNS 480 may not be able to autoswitch, based on the required criteria. In this case, press the CDI key to manually switch from GPS to VLOC.

The automatic switch from GPS to VLOC is not immediate, but instead occurs gradually to prevent abrupt CDI changes when coupled to an autopilot. The CDI selection can also be changed manually by pressing the CDI key. If a missed approach is required, the GNS 480 will automatically switch back to GPS for the missed approach. If you ﬂy the approach again using VTF mode or with a procedure turn, autoswitch will reset and switch again. To prevent automatic ILS CDI selection, choose the “Manual” ILS CDI setting, (the factory default setting is “Auto”, which enables the automatic switch to VLOC).

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Selecting an ILS Approach

For this example, we’ll use a ﬂight from Laughlin Bullhead (Arizona)

Flagstaff (AZ) Pulliam

ILS DME Rwy 21

International to Flagstaff Pulliam (KFLG) and select the ILS runway 21 approach. “SHUTR” intersection is selected as the IAF, which includes an outbound leg and a procedure turn. Of course, vectors-to-ﬁnal could also be selected,

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as previously described.

1. Select Flagstaff Pulliam (KFLG) as your destination, with the DEST key or build a new ﬂight plan.

2. Press the PROC key and select the “ILS 21” approach.

3. From the transitions ﬁeld, select “SHUTR” as the IAF. Review and execute the modiﬁed ﬂight plan. Go direct to SHUTR when cleared for the approach.

4. When you “Execute” an ILS approach, the ILS frequency is automatically checked. If the correct frequency is not in the active ﬁeld, you will receive a message informing you of the correct frequency. Press Menu/Enter to put the frequency into the active ﬁeld or CLR to put it into the standby ﬁeld.

5. A reminder message appears, indicating that GPS can only be used for approach monitoring. As mentioned previously, you need to use the VLOC receiver for this approach. Press CLR to acknowledge the message.

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Basic Operation

Procedures

Flying the ILS Approach

When you “Execute” an ILS approach, automatic switching of the external CDI is enabled (unless turned off from the CDI/Alarms line on the SystemConﬁguration Page). When you are established on the inbound course to the FAF, the external CDI guidance automatically switches from “GPS” (shown in green text) to “LOC”. If you have forgotten to tune the ILS

frequency, automatic selection of “LOC” does not occur.

1. Within 30 nautical miles of KFLG, the GNS 480 switches from en route mode to terminal mode and the CDI scale transitions from 2.0 to 1.0 nautical miles, full scale deﬂection.

2. As you approach the IAF (SHUTR), a waypoint message (“LEFT TO TRK 030°”) appears on the bottom of the screen.

3. Verify that the ILS frequency ident has been automatically decoded on the display.

4. As the distance (DIS) to the IAF approaches zero, the message is replaced by a turn advisory that counts down 10 seconds prior to the turn.

5. Fly the outbound course (030°), keeping the needle centered on the external CDI (or HSI).

6. Once you have ﬂown approximately one minute past SHUTR intersection, the message “RIGHT TO TRK 075°” appears in the lower right corner of the screen.

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