Garmin GNS 430AW, GPS 400W Pilot’s Guide & Reference

400W Series

Pilot’s Guide & Reference

Foreword

Garmin International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. Tel: 913/397.8200 Fax: 913/397.8282

Garmin AT, Inc., 2345 Turner Rd., S.E., Salem, Oregon 97302, U.S.A. Tel: 503/581.8101 Fax: 503/364.2138

Garmin (Europe) Ltd., Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park, Romsey, Hampshire S051 9DL, U.K. Tel: 44/0870.851241 (Europe) Fax: 44/1794.519222 Tel: 0808.2380000 (UK)

Garmin Corporation, No. 68, Jangshu 2nd Road, Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan Tel: 886/02.2642.9199 Fax: 886/02.2642.9099

Web Site Address: www.garmin.com

© 2006 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided herein, no part of this manual may be reproduced, copied, transmitted, disseminated, downloaded or stored in any storage medium, for any purpose without the express written permission of Garmin. Garmin hereby grants permission to download a single copy of this manual and of any revision to this manual onto a hard drive or other electronic storage medium to be viewed for personal use, provided that such electronic or printed copy of this manual or revision must contain the complete text of this copyright notice and provided further that any unauthorized commercial distribution of this manual or any revision hereto is strictly prohibited.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Garmin reserves the right to change or improve their products and to make changes in the content of this material without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements.

October 2006 190-00356-00 Rev. A

Cautions

Introduction

CAUTION: The Global Positioning System is operated

by the United States government, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the Garmin 400W-series are precision electronic NAVigation AIDs (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and therefore become unsafe.

CAUTION: Use the reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Owner’s Manual and the Flight Manual Supplement, and thoroughly practice basic operation prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the all available navigation sources, including the information from other NAVAIDS, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation.

WARNING: The altitude calculated by the 400W-series is geometric height above mean sea level and could vary signiﬁcantly from altitude displayed by pressure altimeters in aircraft.

WARNING: The Jeppesen database incorporated in the 400W-series must be updated regularly in order to ensure that its information is current. Updates are released every 28 days. A database information packet is included in your 400W-series package. Pilots using an out-of-date database do so entirely at their own risk!

CAUTION: GPS receivers operate by receiving and decoding very low power radio signals broadcast by satellites. It is possible that in some situations other radio equipment or electronic equipment used in close proximity to a GPS receiver may create electromagnetic interference (EMI) which may affect the ability of the GPS receiver to receive and decode the satellite signals. In such event, the interference may be reduced or eliminated by switching off the source of interference or moving the GPS receiver away from it.

400W-series

at your own risk. To

400W-series

INTRODUCTION

Cautions

CAUTION: The electronic chart is an aid to navigation and is designed to facilitate the use of authorized government charts, not replace them. Land and water data is provided only as a general reference to your surroundings. The positional accuracy of the land and water data is not of a precision suitable for use in navigation and it should not be used for navigation. Only ofﬁcial government charts and notices contain all information needed for safe navigation – and, as always, the user is responsible for their prudent use.

CAUTION: The Terrain feature is for supplemental awareness only. The pilot/crew is responsible for all terrain and obstacle avoidance using information not provided by the 400W-series Terrain feature.

CAUTION: The Garmin 400W-series does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an authorized Garmin service center. Unauthorized repairs or modiﬁcations could void your warranty and authority to operate this device under FCC Part 15 regulations.

NOTE: The GNS 400W-series units use a different database than in the legacy units. The databases are incompatible between units. The GNS 400W-series units must use a WAAS enabled database.

NOTE: This product, its packaging, and its components contain chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or reproductive harm. This notice is being provided in accordance with California’s Proposition 65. If you have any questions or would like additional information, please refer to our website at www.garmin.com/prop65.

NOTE: It is the pilot’s responsibility for initial missed approach guidance in accordance with published procedure. The unit may not provide correct guidance until established on a deﬁned leg.

INTRODUCTION

Cautions

NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC limits for

Class B digital devices. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and

used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful

interference to radio communications. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular

installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference, the user is

encouraged to try to correct the interference by relocating the

equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affected equipment. Consult an authorized dealer or

other qualiﬁed avionics technician for additional help if these

remedies do not correct the problem.

Operation of this device is subject to the following conditions:

(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2)

this device must accept any interference received, including

interference that may cause undesired operation.

Garmin is fully committed to your

satisfaction as a customer. If you

have any questions regarding the

400W-series, please contact our

customer service department at:

Help us better support you by completing our on-line registration form today! Registration ensures that you will be notiﬁed of product updates and new products and provides lost or sto-

handy, connect to our web site (www.garmin.com) and look for

To obtain accessories for your 400W-series, please contact

your Garmin dealer.

len unit tracking. Please, have the serial number of your unit

our Product Registration link on the home page.

The 400W-series display lenses are coated with a special anti-

reﬂective coating which is very sensitive to skin oils, waxes and abrasive cleaners. It is very important to clean the lens using an eyeglass lens cleaner which is speciﬁed as safe for

anti-reﬂective coatings and a clean, lint-free cloth.

Garmin International, Inc.

1200 East 151st Street

Olathe, KS 66062-3426 U.S.A.

Phone: (913) 397-8200

Fax: (913) 397-8282

INTRODUCTION

Accessories and Packing List

Congratulations on choosing the world’s ﬁnest panel-mounted IFR navigation/communication system! The 400W-series represents Garmin’s continued commitment to providing you with the most advanced technology available today — in an accurate, easy-touse design suitable for all of your ﬂying needs.

Unless otherwise speciﬁed within this manual, the term " GNC 420W, GNC 420AW, GNS 430W, and GNS 430AW models. Please note that the difference between these models is indicated in the Speciﬁcations section of this manual (see Appendix B).

400W-series

" applies to the GPS 400W,

Before installing and getting started with your new system, please ensure that your package includes the following items. If any parts are missing or are damaged, please contact your Garmin dealer.

Standard Package:

• Garmin 400W-series Unit

• NavData® Card

• Terrain Card

• GPS Antenna

• Installation Rack & Connectors

• Pilot’s Guide

and conﬁguration of your new 400W-series unit. After installation, the NavData® card will already be installed into the correct slot on the front of the unit (see Appendix A). The 400W-series will be secured in the installation rack with the proper wiring connections. Have your dealer answer any questions you may have about the installation — such as location of antennas or any connections to other equipment in the panel.

• Quick Reference

• 400W/500W Series Display Interfaces Addendum

• 400W/500W Series Garmin Optional Display Interfaces Addendum

• GNS 400W/500W-series Simulator Training CD-ROM

• Database Subscription Packet

• Warranty Registration Card

Upgrade Package:

• Garmin 400W-series Unit

• NavData® Card

• Terrain Card (optional)

• GPS Antenna

• Pilot’s Guide & Reference

• Quick Reference

• 400W/500W Series Display Interfaces Addendum

• 400W/500W Series Garmin Optional Display Interfaces Addendum

• GNS 400W/500W-series Simulator Training CD-ROM

• Database Subscription Packet

• Warranty Registration Card

Your Garmin dealer will perform the installation

iii

INTRODUCTION

Warranty

Limited Warranty

This Garmin product is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for two years from the date of purchase. Within this period, Garmin will, at its sole option, repair or replace any components that fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts and labor, provided that the customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost. This warranty does not cover failures due to abuse, misuse, accident, or unauthorized alterations or repairs.

THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY LIABILITY ARISING UNDER ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.

IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER RESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE, OR INABILITY TO USE THIS PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT. Some states do not allow the exclusion of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations may not apply to you.

Garmin retains the exclusive right to repair or replace the unit or software, or to offer a full refund of the purchase price, at its sole discretion. SUCH REMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY BREACH OF WARRANTY.

To obtain warranty service, contact your local Garmin Authorized Service Center. For assistance in locating a Service Center near you, visit the Garmin Web site at “http://www.garmin.com” or contact Garmin Customer Service at 800-800-1020.

INTRODUCTION

Table of Contents

Contents

Introduction .................................................................................................i

Cautions ..............................................................................................i

Accessories and Packing List .......................................................... iii

Limited Warranty .............................................................................iv

Model Descriptions ..........................................................................1

GPS 400W ................................................................................1

GNC 420W/420AW ..................................................................1

GNS 430W/430AW ...................................................................1

Takeoff Tour ................................................................................................1

Key and Knob Functions ..................................................................2

Left-hand Keys and Knobs .........................................................2

Right-hand Keys and Knobs ......................................................3

Bottom Row Keys ......................................................................4

Power On ...........................................................................................5

Powering up the 400W-Series Unit ................................................5

Instrument Panel Self-Test ...............................................................6

Fuel On Board and Checklists .........................................................7

Acquiring Satellites/Messages ........................................................8

Selecting COM and VLOC Frequencies ...........................................9

Page Groups ....................................................................................10

Nav Pages ........................................................................................12

Default Nav Page ............................................................................13

Map Page .........................................................................................14

NavCom Page ..................................................................................15

Direct-To Navigation ......................................................................16

IFR Procedures ................................................................................17

Nearest (NRST) Pages .....................................................................18

Nearest Airport .......................................................................19

Nearest Airspace Page ...................................................................20

Flight Plans ......................................................................................21

Section 1 Communicating Using the GNC 420W/AW and

GNS 430W/AW ...........................................................................................23

Volume .............................................................................................23

Squelch .............................................................................................23

COM Window and Tuning ...............................................................24

Auto-Tuning .....................................................................................25

Emergency Channel ........................................................................27

Stuck Microphone ...........................................................................27

Section 2 NAV Pages ..............................................................................29

Main Page Groups ..........................................................................29

NAV Page Group .............................................................................29

Default NAV Page ...........................................................................30

Selecting Desired On-Screen Data ...........................................31

Restoring Factory Settings .......................................................32

Dual Unit Considerations ........................................................32

Map Page .........................................................................................32

Map Symbols ..........................................................................33

Map Range .............................................................................33

Map Page Auto Zoom .............................................................34

Map Panning ..........................................................................35

Map Direct-To .........................................................................36

Airspace Information on the Map ............................................36

Map Page Options ..........................................................................37

Map Setup ..............................................................................37

Data Fields on the Map ...........................................................40

Selecting Desired On-Screen Data ...........................................40

Restoring Factory Settings .......................................................41

Terrain Operation ............................................................................41

Terrain Limitations ..................................................................41

Terrain Page ...........................................................................41

Inhibit Mode ...........................................................................42

Terrain Symbols .......................................................................44

Color Interpretation ................................................................44

General Database Information .................................................44

Database Versions ...................................................................44

Database Updates ..................................................................44

Terrain/Obstacle Database Areas of Coverage ..........................45

Navigation Database ..............................................................45

Terrain Phase of Flight .............................................................45

Nearest Airport Criteria & Terrain Phase of Flight .....................46

TERRAIN Destination Airport ...................................................46

TERRAIN Alerts ................................................................................47

Pop-up Alerts ..........................................................................47

Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance .........................................47

Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) ...........................................48

TERRAIN Failure Alert ..............................................................48

“TERRAIN Not Available” Alert ................................................49

NAVCOM Page .................................................................................51

Position Page ...................................................................................52

Restoring Factory Settings ............................................................54

Satellite Status Page ......................................................................55

Vertical Navigation Page ...............................................................56

Dead Reckoning ..............................................................................59

Section 3 Direct-To Navigation ...........................................................61

Selecting a Destination by Facility Name or City .......................62

Selecting a Destination from the Active Flight Plan ..................63

Selecting the Nearest Airport as a Direct-To Destination .........63

Shortcuts ..........................................................................................64

Cancelling Direct-To Navigation ...................................................65

Specifying a Course to a Waypoint ...............................................65

Selecting Direct-To a Holding Pattern ..........................................66

Section 4 Flight Plans .............................................................................67

Flight Plan Catalog .........................................................................67

Flight Plan Catalog Editing ............................................................67

Flight Plan Catalog Options ..........................................................68

INTRODUCTION

Activating Flight Plans .............................................................68

Inverting Flight Plans ..............................................................69

Create a new ﬂight plan ..........................................................69

Crossﬁll ..................................................................................70

Copying Flight Plans ...............................................................70

Deleting Flight Plans ...............................................................71

Deleting All Flight Plans ..........................................................71

Sort List By Number?/Sort List by Comment? ..........................72

Active Flight Plan Page ..................................................................72

Active Flight Plan Options .............................................................73

Activate Leg ............................................................................73

Crossﬁll ..................................................................................73

Copy Flight Plan .....................................................................73

Invert Flight Plan .....................................................................73

Delete Flight Plan ...................................................................74

Select Approach ......................................................................74

Select Arrival ...........................................................................75

Select Departure .....................................................................75

Remove Approach, Arrival, or Departure ..................................76

Closest Point of FPL ................................................................76

Parallel Track ...........................................................................77

Change Fields .........................................................................78

Restore Defaults .....................................................................78

Shortcuts ..........................................................................................78

Section 5 Approaches, Departures, & Arrivals .................................81

Basic Approach Operations ...........................................................83

Approaches with Procedure Turns ................................................84

Flying the Procedure Turn ..............................................................85

Flying the Missed Approach ..........................................................88

Flying an Approach with a Hold ....................................................89

Flying a DME Arc Approach ...........................................................92

Vectors to Final ...............................................................................95

Flying the Vectors Approach ..........................................................96

Course From Fix Flight Plan Legs ..................................................98

ILS Approaches ..............................................................................102

Selecting an ILS Approach .....................................................103

Flying the ILS Approach .........................................................104

Selecting an LPV Approach ..........................................................107

Flying the LPV Approach .......................................................107

LNAV/VNAV and LNAV Approaches with Advisory Vertical

Guidance ........................................................................................109

Points to Remember for All Approaches ....................................109

Points to Remember for Localizer or VOR-based Approaches 109

Enabling Autopilot Outputs for the King KAP140/KFC225 ......111

Section 6 WPT Pages ............................................................................113

WPT Page Group ...........................................................................113

Duplicate Waypoints ....................................................................115

Airport Runway Page ...................................................................117

Airport Frequency Page ...............................................................118

Airport Approach Page .................................................................120

Airport Arrival Page ......................................................................122

Airport Departure Page ...............................................................123

Intersection Page ..........................................................................125

NDB Page .......................................................................................125

VOR Page .......................................................................................126

User Waypoint Page ......................................................................127

Creating User Waypoints .............................................................127

Creating User Waypoints from the Map Page ...........................129

Modifying User Waypoints ..........................................................129

User Waypoint Page Options .......................................................130

User Waypoint List ........................................................................131

Section 7 NRST Pages ..........................................................................133

NRST Page Group ..........................................................................133

Navigating to a Nearby Waypoint ..............................................135

Nearest Airport Page ....................................................................135

Nearest Intersection Page ...........................................................137

Nearest NDB Page ........................................................................137

Nearest VOR Page .........................................................................137

Nearest User Waypoint Page .......................................................138

Nearest Center (ARTCC) Page ......................................................138

Nearest Flight Service Station (FSS) Page .................................139

Nearest Airspace Page .................................................................140

Section 8 VLOC (VOR/Localizer/Glideslope) Receiver Operations ...

...........................................................................................................145

Ident Audio and Volume ...............................................................145

VLOC Window and Tuning ............................................................145

CDI Key ...........................................................................................148

Section 9 AUX Pages ............................................................................149

AUX Page Group ...........................................................................149

Flight Planning Page .....................................................................150

Fuel Planning ........................................................................151

Trip Planning ........................................................................153

Density Alt / TAS / Winds .......................................................154

Crossﬁll ................................................................................155

Scheduler .............................................................................157

Utility Page ....................................................................................158

Checklists .............................................................................159

Flight Timers .........................................................................161

Trip Statistics ........................................................................162

RAIM Prediction ....................................................................162

Sunrise / Sunset ....................................................................163

Software / Database Versions ................................................164

Setup 1 Page .................................................................................164

Airspace Alarms ....................................................................167

CDI Scale / Alarms ................................................................167

Units / Mag Var .....................................................................168

Position Format .....................................................................169

Map Datum .........................................................................170

Date / Time ...........................................................................170

Restoring Factory Settings .....................................................170

Setup 2 Page .................................................................................171

Display .................................................................................172

Nearest Airport Criteria .........................................................172

SBAS Selection ......................................................................173

COM Conﬁguration ...............................................................173

Restoring Factory Settings .....................................................174

Section 10 Fault Detection & Exclusion ...........................................175

Detection and Exclusion ..............................................................175

Section 11 Messages, Abbreviations, and Navigation Terminology

...........................................................................................................177

Messages .......................................................................................177

Turn Advisory and Arrival Annunciations ...................................183

Abbreviations ................................................................................184

Navigation Terms ..........................................................................188

Appendix A NavData Card Use ..........................................................190

Appendix B Speciﬁcations ..................................................................191

Appendix C Troubleshooting Q&A ....................................................192

Index .........................................................................................................198

INTRODUCTION

vii

INTRODUCTION

Blank Page

viii

INTRODUCTION

Model Descriptions

This guide covers the operation of the GPS 400W, GNC 420W, GNC 420AW, GNS 430W, GNS 430AW. In general, all models will be referred to as the 400W- series, except where there are physical or operational differences. The 400W-series units are 6.25” wide and

2.66” high. The display is a 240 by 128 pixel color LCD. The units include two removable data cards, one with a Jeppesen database (inserted in the left-most card slot) and the second being a Terrain database (inserted in the right-most card slot).

GPS 400W

The GPS 400W has a WAAS GPS engine and is TSO

GDL 69/69A datalink receiver.

GNC 420W/420AW

The GNS 430W/AW includes all of the features of the GPS 400W, and also includes TSO’d airborne VHF communications transceiver. This multipurpose unit is available with either a 10-watt (GNS 420W) or 16-watt 28 V dc (GNS 420AW) COM.

GNS 430W/430AW

The GNS 430W/AW includes all of the features of the GPS 420W/420AW, and also includes VOR/Localizer and Glideslope receivers. This multipurpose unit is available with either a 10-watt (GNS 430W) or 16-watt 28 V dc (GNS 430AW) COM.

C146a certiﬁed for primary domestic, oceanic, and remote navigation including en route, terminal, and non-precision approaches, and approaches with vertical guidance, such as LPV and LNAV/VNAV. The GPS 400W can simultaneously give aviators vital approach information and weather and trafﬁc data in relation to their position on a color moving map display. Thanks to a high-contrast color display, the information can be easily read from wide viewing angles even in direct sunlight. Its color moving map features a built-in database that shows cities, highways, railroads, rivers, lakes, coastlines, and a complete Jeppesen database. The huge Jeppesen database (that can be updated with a front-loading data card) contains all airports, VORs, NDBs, Intersections, FSS, Approach, DPs/STARs, and SUA information.

Pilots will enjoy the GPS 400W as an MFD, especially when it is coupled with trafﬁc, lightning detection, and weather interfaces like Ryan TCAD, TIS from the Garmin GTX 330 Mode S transponder, or L3 SKYWATCH™, or STORMSCOPE® WX 500. With the PC-based FDE prediction program, the GPS 400W may be used for oceanic or remote operations. For the latest in graphical and textual weather information, the GPS 400W can connect to XM Satellite Radio’s XM WX Weather Service via the

This Takeoff Tour is intended to provide a brief introduction of the 400W-series major features. The rest of this manual describes these features, and others, in additional detail. Use this guide, as needed, to learn or review the details regarding a particular feature. The Index may be used to quickly locate the information you want. Before ﬂying with your 400W-series unit, take the time to review the information in the manuals and practice with the trainer.

After you’re familiar with the basics, some suggested reading within the Reference section includes:

• Flight plan features - Section 4

• Waypoint information pages (database information)

- Section 6

• IFR procedures - Section 5

• Unit settings (conﬁguring the unit to your preferences) - Section 9

If you’re unable to locate the information you need, we’re here to help! Garmin’s Customer Service staff is available during normal business hours (U.S. Central time zone) at the phone and fax numbers listed on page ii. You can also reach us by mail (see page ii) or at our web site address: www.garmin.com.

Takeoff Tour

TSO’

d airborne

TAKEOFF TOUR

Key and Knob Functions

The 400W-series unit is designed to make operation as simple as possible. The key and knob descriptions on the next three pages provide a general overview of the primary function(s) for each key and knob. This Takeoff Tour section is intended to provide a brief overview of the primary functions of your 400W-series unit. Experiment with the unit and refer to the Reference sections for more information.

Left-hand Keys and Knobs

GPS 400W

GNC 420W/AW GNS 430W/AW

Left-hand Keys and Knobs

The small left knob (COM/VLOC)

(420W/430W only) is used to tune the kilohertz (kHz) value point)

of the standby frequency for the communications transceiver (COM) or the VLOC receiver, whichever is currently selected by the tuning cursor. Press this knob momentarily to toggle the tuning cursor between the COM and VLOC frequency fields.

The COM flip-flop key (420W/430W only)

is used to swap the active and standby COM frequencies. Press and hold to select emergency channel (121.500 MHz).

The VLOC flip-flop key (430W only) is

used to swap the active and standby VLOC frequencies (i.e., make the selected standby frequency active).

(to the right of the decimal

The COM power/volume knob (420W/430W

only) controls unit power and communications radio volume. Press momentarily to disable automatic squelch control. In the GPS 400W, this control is used only for power.

The VLOC volume knob (430W only)

controls audio volume for the selected VOR/ Localizer frequency. Press momentarily to enable/disable the ident tone.

The large left knob (COM/VLOC)

(420W/430W only) is used to tune the megahertz (MHz) value (to the left of the decimal point) of the standby frequency for the communications transceiver (COM) or the VLOC receiver, whichever is currently selected by the tuning cursor.

TAKEOFF TOUR

Key and Knob Functions

Right-hand Keys and Knobs

The range key (RNG) allows you to select

the desired map scale. Use the up arrow side of the key to zoom out to a larger area, or the down arrow side to zoom in to a smaller area.

The direct-to key provides access to the

direct-to function, which allows you to enter a destination waypoint and establishes a direct course to the selected destination. See Section 3.

The enter key (ENT) is used to approve an

operation or complete data entry. It is also used to confirm information, such as during power on.

The large right knob is used to select

between the various page groups: NAV, WPT, AUX or NRST. With the on-screen cursor enabled, the large right knob allows you to move the cursor about the page.

The small right knob (CRSR) is used to

select between the various pages within one of the groups listed above. Press this knob momentarily to display the on-screen cursor. The cursor allows you to enter data and/or make a selection from a list of options.

The MENU key displays a context-sensitive

list of options. This options list allows you to access additional features or make settings changes which relate to the currently displayed page.

The clear key (CLR) is used to erase infor-

mation or cancel an entry. Press and hold this key to immediately display the Default Navigation Page, regardless of which page is currently displayed.

TAKEOFF TOUR

Key and Knob Functions

Bottom Row Keys

The nearest (NRST) key (400W/420W only) displays the nearest airports page. Then, turning the small right knob steps through the NRST pages.

GPS 400W / GNC 420W

The CDI key (430W only) is used to toggle which navigation source (GPS or VLOC) provides output to an external HSI or CDI.

The OBS key is used to select manual or automatic sequencing of waypoints. Pressing the OBS key selects OBS mode, which will retain the current “active to” waypoint as your navigation reference even after passing the waypoint (i.e., prevents sequencing to the next waypoint). Pressing the OBS key again will return to normal operation, with automatic sequencing of waypoints. Whenever OBS mode is selected, you may set the desired course to/from a waypoint using the OBS Page, or an external OBS selector on your HSI or CDI.

The message key (MSG) is used to view system messages and important warnings and requirements. See Sections 11 and 9 for more information on messages and unit settings.

The flight plan key (FPL) allows you to create, edit, activate and invert flight plans, as well as access approaches, departures and arrivals. A closest point to flight plan feature is also available from the flight plan key. See Section 4 for more information on flight plans.

GNS 430W

Whenever the 400W-series unit is displaying a list of information that is too long for the display screen, a scroll bar

will appear along the right-hand side

of the display. The scroll bar graphically

indicates the number of additional items

available within the selected category.

Simply press the small right knob to

activate the cursor and turn the large

right knob to scroll through the list.

The procedures key (PROC) allows you to

select and remove approaches, departures and arrivals from your flight plan. When using a flight plan, available procedures for your departure and/or arrival airport are offered automatically. Otherwise, you may select the desired airport, then the desired procedure.

scroll bar

}

TAKEOFF TOUR

Power On

The Garmin 400W-series provides you accurate navigational data and some models also have communication capability, along with non-precision and precision approach certiﬁcation in the IFR environment. The Takeoff Tour is designed to familiarize you with the operation of the 400W-series — including powering up the unit, changing frequencies, entering data, performing a simple direct-to, selecting IFR procedures and provides a limited introduction to using ﬂight plans. In addition, this section brieﬂy covers the default navigation, map and frequency pages available as part of the NAV page group. These pages will be used for most of your in-ﬂight navigation.

The Takeoff Tour assumes that the unit and antennas have been properly installed and you have not changed any of the 400W-series unit default settings. If you have changed any of the factory default settings (position format, units of measure, selectable ﬁelds, etc.), the pictures shown here may not exactly match what you see on your 400W-series unit. Prior to using your unit for the ﬁrst time, we recommend that you taxi to a location that is well away from buildings and other aircraft so the unit can collect satellite data without interruption.

Powering up the 400W-Series Unit

The 420W and

430W

power and COM volume are controlled using the power/volume knob at the top left corner of the unit. The 400W power knob is located at the top left corner of the unit. Turning it clockwise will turn unit power on and increase the COM radio volume. After turning the unit on, a welcome page will be displayed while the unit performs a self test, followed by the database conﬁrmation pages which show the current database information on the NavData card (with the valid operating dates, cycle number and database type indicated). The database is updated every 28 days, and must be current for approved instrument approach operations. Information on database subscriptions is available inside your 400W-series package.

To acknowledge the database information, press ENT.

Power-up Sequence

TAKEOFF TOUR

Instrument Panel Self-Test

Check CDI/HSI,

RMI and other

instruments

to verify these

indications

Instrument Panel Self-Test

Once the database has been acknowledged, the instrument panel self-test page will appear. To ensure that your 400W-series unit and any connected instruments are working properly, check for the following indications on your CDI/HSI, RMI, external annunciators and other connected instruments:

• Course deviation

• Glideslope

• TO/FROM ﬂag

• Time to destination

• Bearing to destination

• Desired track

• Distance to dest.

• Ground speed

• All external annunciators (if installed)

{

Should match current

OBS course selection

Fuel Figures: May be

entered manually if no

}

Select to display

Checklists Page

To enter fuel capacity, fuel on board or fuel ﬂow ﬁgures (if not provided by sensors):

1. Turn the large right knob to select the “CAP”,

“FOB” or “FF” ﬁeld.

2. Turn the small and large right knobs to enter the desired figure, then press ENT.

sensor present

Select to Set Fuel Level

to Full Capacity

The instrument panel self-test page indicates the currently selected OBS course, fuel capacity (CAP), fuel on board (FOB) and fuel ﬂow (FF). The fuel capacity, fuel on board and fuel ﬂow may be manually entered if your installation does not include connection to sensors which automatically provide these ﬁgures.

Enter the fuel capacity, fuel on board or fuel

ﬂow ﬁgures directly onto the appropriate

ﬁeld of the instrument panel self-test page.

These ﬁgures will automatically be provided

if your installation includes connection to

external sensors.

TAKEOFF TOUR

Fuel On Board & Checklists

Fuel On Board and Checklists

The instrument panel self-test page includes selections to set fuel on board (FOB) to full capacity and access the checklists page. This allows you to quickly set fuel to full limits and display any checklists you’ve entered, such as start up or takeoff checklists.

To set fuel on board to full (if not provided by sensor):

1. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Set

Full Fuel?”.

Select “Set Full Fuel?” to set fuel on board

(FOB) to full capacity.

2. Press ENT and verify that fuel on board

(“FOB”) now matches the fuel capacity (CAP) ﬁgure. Fuel on board will now be reduced, over time, based on the fuel ﬂow (FF) ﬁgure.

To view the checklists page:

1. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Go To Chklist?” and press ENT.

Select “Go To Chklist?” to display the check-

list page and any available checklists. The

400W-series unit can hold up to nine check-

lists with up to 30 entries in each checklist.

2. Turn the large right knob to select the desired checklist, then follow the steps in Section 9

- Aux Pages - Utility Page to execute each step in the selected checklist.

3. Once you complete the desired checklist(s), press the small right knob to return to the checklists page. Press the small right knob again to return to normal operation on the satellite status or map pages.

Once you’ve veriﬁed instrument operation with the instrument panel self-test page displayed, press the ENT key.

The satellite status page will appear as the 400Wseries unit begins to collect satellite information. An “Acquiring” status will be displayed on the satellite status page, and the signal strength of any satellites received will appear as “bar graph” readings. This is a good indication that you are receiving signals and a position ﬁx will be determined. Following the ﬁrsttime use of your 400W-series unit, the time required for a position ﬁx will vary—within two minutes.

TAKEOFF TOUR

Acquiring Satellites / Messages

Acquiring Satellites/Messages

If the 400W-series unit has not been operated for a period of six months or more, it may have to “Search the Sky” to collect new data. This means the unit is acquiring satellite data to establish almanac and satellite orbit information, which can take 5 to 10 minutes. The Satellite Status Page displays a “Searching Sky” status, and the message annunciator (MSG) above the MSG key also ﬂashes to alert you of a system message, “Searching the Sky”.

To view a system message, press the MSG key.

Message Page

The message page will appear and display the status or warning information applicable to the receiver’s current operating condition.

To return to the previous page after viewing a message, press the MSG key again.

The satellite status page shows the ID numbers for the satellites and the relative signal strength of each satellite received (as a “bar

graph” reading.

“Searching Sky” indicates that satellite almanac data is not available. The data is recollected from the ﬁrst available satellite.

“Acquiring” indicates that satellites have been located and information is being acquired, but the receiver does not have enough satellites for a 3-dimensional position.

“3D NAV” indicates that a 3-dimensional position is available.

“3D DIFF NAV” indicates when a 3-dimensional position is available and differential corrections are being used.

The “INTEG” annunciator (bottom left corner of the screen) indicates that satellite coverage is insufﬁcient to pass built-in integrity monitoring tests.

TAKEOFF TOUR

420W / 430W Only

Selecting COM and VLOC Frequencies

While the 400W-series unit is acquiring a position, let’s take a minute to dial in the active and standby frequencies you’ll be using for the ﬁrst phase of your ﬂight. The

400W-series

display is divided into separate

“windows” (or screen areas), including a COM window,

repeat steps 1 through 3, above, to enter the standby frequency. After both communication frequencies have been entered, you may elect to keep the COM window ‘hot’ by leaving the cursor on the standby frequency, or move the cursor to the VLOC window by pressing the small left knob.

VLOC window, and the GPS window.

COM Window:

Active Frequency

VLOC Window:

Active Frequency

COM Window:

Standby Frequency

with tuning cursor

repeat steps 1 to 3, above, to enter the standby frequency. After both communication frequencies have been entered, you may elect to keep the COM window “hot” by leaving the cursor on the standby frequency, or move the cursor to the VLOC window by pressing

Pushing the small left knob activates the tuning

the small left knob. cursor in the desired frequency window. To select the active frequency, you must ﬁrst enter the frequency in the standby ﬁeld, and use the

COM ﬂip-ﬂop

(or

VLOC ﬂip-ﬂop) key to move it to the active ﬁeld.

To change the standby VLOC frequency:

communication (COM) or

units.

1. If the tuning cursor is not currently in the desired window (COM or VLOC), press the

small left

highlight between the COM and VLOC win dows. Adjusting the frequencies with the and small left

knob momentarily to switch the

large

knobs will affect the standby

frequency.

2. Turn the

large left

knob to select the desired megahertz (MHz) value. For example, the “135” portion of the frequency “135.325”.

3. Turn the

small left

knob to select the desired kilohertz (kHz) value. For example, the “.325” portion of the frequency “135.325”.

Selecting COM and VLOC Frequencies

Once you’ve entered the active frequency, simply

When selecting VLOC frequencies, the

NOTE:

tuning cursor automatically returns to the COM window after 30 seconds of inactivity.

These features are only available in the 420W/430W

4. To activate the selected frequency, press the appropriate

ﬂip-ﬂop key—COM for commu

nication frequencies or VLOC for VOR/Localizer frequencies.

TAKEOFF TOUR

Page Groups

(Large right knob to change page groups)

(Small right knob to select pages within the group)

NAV Group

Default NAV

Map

Terrain

NAVCOM

Arpt Location

Arpt Runway

Arpt Frequency

Arpt Approach

WPT Group

Arpt Departure

Intersection

NDB

VOR

Position

Arpt Arrival

Satellite Status

VNAV

Selection of any main page is performed using the large and small right knobs. The large right knob selects the page group: NAV, WPT, AUX or

NRST. The small right knob selects the desired page within a group. To quickly select the default NAV page, press and hold the CLR key.

User Waypoint

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Page Groups

(Large right knob to select pages with the group)

AUX Group

Flight Planning

Utility

Setup 1

Setup 2

(Large right knob to change page groups)

Nrst Airport

Nrst Intersection

Nrst NDB

Nearest VOR

NRST Group

Nrst User Waypnt

Nrst Center

Nrst Flight Service

Nrst Airspace

FPL Group

Flight plan pages are selected by pressing the FPL key and using the small right knob to select the desired page.

Active Flight Plan Flight Plan Catalog

PROC Group

The Procedures pages are selected by pressing the PROC key and using the small or large right knobs to select a procedure.

Procedure

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Nav Pages

The map page is one of seven, or more, pages avail-

able under the NAV group*:

• Default NAV page • Map page

• Terrain page • NAVCOM page

• Position page • Satellite status page

• Vertical navigation page

To select the desired NAV page, turn the small right knob until the desired page is displayed.

If you are currently viewing a page that is not part of the NAV group, you can quickly return to the NAV group using the CLR key.

To select the NAV group and display the default NAV page, press and hold CLR.

NAV

7+ available pages*

(see list above)

AUX

4 available pages

(see Section 9)

MAIN PAGE GROUPS

WPT

10 available pages

(see Section 6)

NRST

8 available pages

(see Section 7)

In addition to the NAV group of pages, additional groups of pages are available for waypoint information (WPT), auxiliary (AUX) functions such as ﬂight planning or unit settings, and listings for nearest (NRST) airports or other facilities.

The bottom right corner of the screen

indicates the page group currently being

displayed (e.g., NAV or NRST), the number

of screens available within that group

(indicated by square icons) and the place-

ment of the current screen within that group

(indicated by a highlighted square icon). To

select a different page within the group, turn

the small right knob.

* Seven, or more, NAV Pages are avail

able when the 400W-series installation

includes connection to trafﬁc, XM radio,

and/or weather information sources. See the

400W/500W Series Display Interfaces Pilot’s

Guide Addendum, part number

190-00356-31 and the 400W/500W Series

Garmin Optional Displays Pilot’s Guide Ad-

dendum, part number 190-00356-30.

To select the desired page group, turn the large right knob until a page from the desired group is displayed.

To select the desired page within the group, turn the small right knob until the desired page is displayed.

TAKEOFF TOUR

Default Nav Page

During most ﬂights, the default NAV, map and NAVCOM pages will be the primary pages used for

navigation. The default NAV page displays a graphic course deviation indicator (CDI), the active leg of your ﬂight plan (as deﬁned by the current “from” and “to” waypoints), and six user-selectable data ﬁelds. The default settings for these ﬁelds are distance to waypoint (DIS), desired track (DTK), bearing to waypoint (BRG), ground speed (GS), ground track (TRK) and estimated time en route (ETE). See Section 11 for deﬁnitions of these navigation terms. The default NAV page is selected by pressing and holding the CLR key or turning the small right knob.

Active Leg of

Flight Plan

Course Deviation Indicator (CDI)

User-

selectable

Data Fields

To change the data ﬁelds in the corners of the Default NAV Page:

1. Press MENU (with the Map Page displayed).

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight

“Change Fields?” and press

3. Turn the large right

ENT.

knob to highlight the

data ﬁeld you wish to change.

4. Turn the small right knob to select the type

of data you want to appear on this ﬁeld and press ENT.

Default NAV Page

5. Press the small right knob to remove the

cursor.

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Map Page

The map page displays your present position (using an airplane symbol) relative to nearby airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, user waypoints and airspace boundaries—and your route displayed as a solid line. Data ﬁelds for destination waypoint (WPT), distance to waypoint (DIS), desired track (DTK) and ground speed (GS) appear on the right hand side of the display. These ﬁelds are user-selectable to allow you to conﬁgure the unit to your own preferences. Available settings include: altitude, bearing, en route safe altitude, estimated time of arrival, minimum safe altitude, and ground track. See Section 11 for deﬁnitions of these navigation terms.

Map Display

Data

Fields

The map page combines a moving map

display and navigation data for complete

situational awareness. Map setup pages are provided to designate the maximum scale at which each map feature will ap

pear. These settings provide an automatic

decluttering

preferences) as you adjust the scale.

While viewing the map page, you can

quickly declutter and remove many of

the background map details by pressing

the CLR key (repeatedly) until the desired

of the map (based upon your

detail is depicted.

Scale with

Map

declutter

value

Present

Position

Map Page

Desired Track

To change the map scale, press the

sides of the RNG key.

 or 

TAKEOFF TOUR

NAVCOM Page

NavCom Page

From the default NAV page, simply turn the small right knob to display the map page and again to dis-

play the NAVCOM page. The NAVCOM page displays the available frequencies (communications and navigation) for the departure airport, any en route airports that are included in your ﬂight plan, and the ﬁnal destination airport. When using the direct-to function, frequencies will be listed for the airport nearest to your starting position and the destination airport.

A frequency listed on the NAVCOM page can be quickly transferred to the standby ﬁeld of the COM or VLOC windows. This time-saving process prevents having to “re-key” a frequency already displayed elsewhere on the screen.

To display the frequency list for the active ﬂight plan or direct-to airport:

1. In the Nav function, turn the small right knob

to reach the NAVCOM page.

2. Push the small right knob to activate the

cursor on the airport identiﬁer ﬁeld (in the GPS window). Turn the small right knob to display the list of airports (departure, arrival and en route) for your ﬂight plan or direct-to. Continue to turn the small right knob until the desired airport is selected.

To select a communication or navigation frequency:

1. On the NAVCOM page, push the small right

knob to activate the cursor in the GPS window.

2. Turn the large right knob to select the desired

frequency from the list.

Selecting a frequency on the NAVCOM page.

3. Press ENT to transfer the selected frequency to

the standby ﬁeld in the COM or VLOC window. COM frequencies will automatically go to the standby ﬁeld of the COM window and navigation frequencies will automatically go to the standby ﬁeld of the VLOC window, regardless of which window is currently highlighted by the cursor.

4. To activate the selected frequency, press the

COM ﬂip-ﬂop (or VLOC ﬂip-ﬂop) key.

3. Press ENT to display the frequency list for the

selected airport.

Press ENT to show the frequencies for the

selected airport.

Swap the standby COM frequency into the

active Com frequency location.

TAKEOFF TOUR

Direct-To Navigation

The

400W-series unit

can use direct point-to-point navigation to guide you from takeoff to touchdown, even in the IFR environment. Once a destination is selected, the unit will provide speed, course and distance data based upon a direct course from your present position to your destination. A destination can be selected from any page with the direct-to key.

Destination

Waypoint Identiﬁer

Field

“Activate?”

Function Field

Select Direct-To Waypoint Page

To select a direct-to

1. Press the

destination:

direct-to

key. The Select Direct-To Waypoint page will appear with the destination ﬁeld highlighted. The direct-to waypoint may also be selected by facility or city name. See Section 3 for more information.

5. Press

ENT to conﬁrm the identiﬁer. The “Acti

vate?” function ﬁeld will be highlighted.

Conﬁrm the selected direct-to destination by

highlighting “Activate?” and pressing ENT.

6. Press

ENT to activate a direct-to course to the

selected destination.

Once a direct-to destination is selected,

press and hold CLR to display the default

NAV page.

You can then press and hold the

return to the default NAV page, as desired.

CLR key to

2. Turn the

small right

knob to enter the ﬁrst letter of the destination waypoint identiﬁer. The destination waypoint may be an airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint, as long as it is in the database or stored in memory as a user waypoint.

3. Turn the

large right knob to the right to move

the cursor to the next character position.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to spell out the rest of the waypoint identiﬁer.

TAKEOFF TOUR

IFR Procedures

Once the direct-to or ﬂight plan is conﬁrmed, the whole range of instrument procedures is available to you. Departures (SIDs), arrivals (STARs), non-precision and precision approaches are stored within the NavData card and available using the PROC (procedures) key.

To display the procedures page, press PROC.

The steps required to select and activate an approach, departure or arrival are identical. In this introductory section, we’ll show examples of the steps required to select an approach, but keep in mind the same process also applies to departures and arrivals.

To select an approach, departure, or arrival:

1. Turn the small right knob to select the desired

option (“Select Approach?”, “Select Arrival?” or “Select Departure?”) from the procedures page.

4. For approaches, a window appears to select the desired initial approach ﬁx (IAF) or provide a “vectors” option to select just the ﬁnal course segment of the approach. Turn the small right knob to select the desired option and press ENT. Vectors guidance is relative to the ﬁnal inbound course. A line is drawn beyond the ﬁnal approach ﬁx, allowing you to intercept the ﬁnal course segment beyond its normal limits.

A window will appear to select the desired

procedure. Use the large right knob to make

your selection.

5. For departures and arrivals, a window appears to select the desired transition. Turn the small right knob to select the desired option and press ENT.

Press the PROC key to display the procedures

page. Turn the large right knob to select the

desired option.

2. Press ENT to display a list of available proce-

dures for the arrival (when using approaches or STARs) or departure (when using SIDs) airport.

3. Turn the small right knob to select the desired procedure and press ENT.

6. With “Load?” highlighted, press ENT to add

the procedure to the ﬂight plan or direct-to.

In your ﬂight plan or direct-to, the departure or arrival airport is replaced with the sequence of waypoints contained within the selected procedure.

TAKEOFF TOUR

Nearest Pages

Nearest (NRST) Pages

The NRST main page groups provides listings for nearest airports or other facilities. The NRST group provides detailed information on the 25 nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user-created waypoints within 200 NM of your current position. In addition, pages are also provided to display the ﬁve nearest center (ARTCC/FIR) and Flight Service Station (FSS) points of communication, plus alert you to any special-use or controlled airspace you may be in or near.

The nearest airport page is one of eight pages available under the NRST group:

• Nearest airport page

• Nearest intersection page

• Nearest NDB page

• Nearest VOR page

• Nearest user waypoints page

To display the NRST pages:

1. If necessary, press the small right knob to

remove the cursor from the page.

2. Turn the large right knob to select the NRST

page group, as indicated by “NRST” appearing in the lower right corner of the screen.

To display a list of nearby airports, turn the

large right knob to select the NRST page

group and (if needed) the small right knob to

select the nearest airport page.

3. Press and then turn the large right knob to

select the desired NRST page.

• Nearest ARTCC page

• Nearest FSS page

• Nearest airspace page

To scroll through the list, press the small right

knob, then turn the large right knob.

TAKEOFF TOUR

Nearest Airport

You may examine both the communication frequencies and runway information directly from the nearest airport page. As discussed earlier for the NAVCOM page, you may also place any displayed frequency into the standby COM or VLOC ﬁeld by highlighting the frequency with the cursor and pressing ENT.

To view additional information for a nearby airport from the Nearest Airport page:

1. Press the small right knob to activate the

cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to select the desired

airport from the list.

3. Press ENT to display waypoint (WPT) informa-

tion pages for the selected airport.

The nearest airport page may be used in conjunction with the direct-to key to quickly set a course to a nearby facility in an in-ﬂight emergency. Selecting a nearby airport as a direct-to destination will override your ﬂight plan or cancel a previously selected directto destination. You’ll still have the option of returning to your ﬂight plan by cancelling the direct-to.

To select a nearby airport as a direct-to destina-

tion:

From the nearest airport page...

1. Press the small right knob to activate the

cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to select the desired

airport from the list.

3. Press direct-to, ENT, and ENT (again) to

navigate to the nearby airport.

Additional information for a nearby airport is available by highlighting an identiﬁer on

the list and pressing ENT.

4. To display runway and frequency informa-

tion, press the small right knob to remove the cursor and turn the small right knob to display the desired information page.

To select a nearby airport as a new destina-

tion, highlight its identiﬁer, press

ENT, and ENT

(again).

direct-to,

From an airport information page...

1. Press direct-to, ENT, and ENT (again) to

navigate to the nearby airport.

TAKEOFF TOUR

Nearest Airspace

Nearest Airspace Page

The last page in the NRST group, the nearest

airspace page, provides information for up to nine

controlled or special-use airspaces near or in your ﬂight path. Airspace information appears on this page based upon the same criteria used for airspace alert messages. Nearby airspace information and airspace alert messages are provided according to the following conditions:

• If your projected course will take you inside an airspace within the next ten minutes, the message “Airspace ahead -- less than 10 minutes” will appear.

• If you are within two nautical miles of an airspace and your current course will take you inside, the message “Airspace near and ahead” will appear.

• If you are within two nautical miles of an airspace and your current course will not take you inside, the message “Near airspace less than 2NM” will appear.

To view an airspace alert message:

1. Press the MSG key. The message page appears

with the alert message.

When an airspace alert occurs, the message

(MSG) annunciator will ﬂash. Press MSG to

view the alert message.

2. Press MSG again to return to the previous

display.

To view nearest airspace information:

1. Turn the large right knob to reach the NRST

function.

• If you have entered an airspace, the message “Inside Airspace” will appear.

By default, airspace alert messages are turned off. When turned on, the message (MSG) annunciator located directly above the

MSG

key will ﬂash to alert

you to the airspace message. (See Section 9 Aux Pages

- Setup 1 for information on enabling airspace alert messages.)

To view additional information about the

airspace, select the nearest airspace page.

Detailed information is available by high-

lighting the airspace name and pressing ENT.

2. Turn the small right knob to reach the

Nearest Airspace page.

Note that the airspace alerts are based upon threedimensional data (latitude, longitude and altitude) to avoid nuisance alerts. The alert boundaries for controlled airspace are also sectorized to provide complete information on any nearby airspace. Additional information about a nearby airspace—such as controlling agency, frequency and ﬂoor/ceiling limits—is available from the nearest airspace page.

+ 184 hidden pages