Garmin GNS 430AW, GPS 400W Pilot’s Guide & Reference

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Page 1

400W Series

Pilot’s Guide & Reference

Page 2

Foreword

Garmin International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. Tel: 913/397.8200 Fax: 913/397.8282

Garmin AT, Inc., 2345 Turner Rd., S.E., Salem, Oregon 97302, U.S.A. Tel: 503/581.8101 Fax: 503/364.2138

Garmin (Europe) Ltd., Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park, Romsey, Hampshire S051 9DL, U.K. Tel: 44/0870.851241 (Europe) Fax: 44/1794.519222 Tel: 0808.2380000 (UK)

Garmin Corporation, No. 68, Jangshu 2nd Road, Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan Tel: 886/02.2642.9199 Fax: 886/02.2642.9099

Web Site Address: www.garmin.com

© 2006 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided herein, no part of this manual may be reproduced, copied, transmitted, disseminated, downloaded or stored in any storage medium, for any purpose without the express written permission of Garmin. Garmin hereby grants permission to download a single copy of this manual and of any revision to this manual onto a hard drive or other electronic storage medium to be viewed for personal use, provided that such electronic or printed copy of this manual or revision must contain the complete text of this copyright notice and provided further that any unauthorized commercial distribution of this manual or any revision hereto is strictly prohibited.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Garmin reserves the right to change or improve their products and to make changes in the content of this material without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements.

October 2006 190-00356-00 Rev. A

Page 3

Cautions

Introduction

CAUTION: The Global Positioning System is operated

by the United States government, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the Garmin 400W-series are precision electronic NAVigation AIDs (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and therefore become unsafe.

CAUTION: Use the reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Owner’s Manual and the Flight Manual Supplement, and thoroughly practice basic operation prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the all available navigation sources, including the information from other NAVAIDS, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation.

WARNING: The altitude calculated by the 400W-series is geometric height above mean sea level and could vary signiﬁcantly from altitude displayed by pressure altimeters in aircraft.

WARNING: The Jeppesen database incorporated in the 400W-series must be updated regularly in order to ensure that its information is current. Updates are released every 28 days. A database information packet is included in your 400W-series package. Pilots using an out-of-date database do so entirely at their own risk!

CAUTION: GPS receivers operate by receiving and decoding very low power radio signals broadcast by satellites. It is possible that in some situations other radio equipment or electronic equipment used in close proximity to a GPS receiver may create electromagnetic interference (EMI) which may affect the ability of the GPS receiver to receive and decode the satellite signals. In such event, the interference may be reduced or eliminated by switching off the source of interference or moving the GPS receiver away from it.

400W-series

at your own risk. To

400W-series

INTRODUCTION

Cautions

CAUTION: The electronic chart is an aid to navigation and is designed to facilitate the use of authorized government charts, not replace them. Land and water data is provided only as a general reference to your surroundings. The positional accuracy of the land and water data is not of a precision suitable for use in navigation and it should not be used for navigation. Only ofﬁcial government charts and notices contain all information needed for safe navigation – and, as always, the user is responsible for their prudent use.

CAUTION: The Terrain feature is for supplemental awareness only. The pilot/crew is responsible for all terrain and obstacle avoidance using information not provided by the 400W-series Terrain feature.

CAUTION: The Garmin 400W-series does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an authorized Garmin service center. Unauthorized repairs or modiﬁcations could void your warranty and authority to operate this device under FCC Part 15 regulations.

NOTE: The GNS 400W-series units use a different database than in the legacy units. The databases are incompatible between units. The GNS 400W-series units must use a WAAS enabled database.

NOTE: This product, its packaging, and its components contain chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or reproductive harm. This notice is being provided in accordance with California’s Proposition 65. If you have any questions or would like additional information, please refer to our website at www.garmin.com/prop65.

NOTE: It is the pilot’s responsibility for initial missed approach guidance in accordance with published procedure. The unit may not provide correct guidance until established on a deﬁned leg.

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INTRODUCTION

Cautions

NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC limits for

Class B digital devices. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and

used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful

interference to radio communications. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular

installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference, the user is

encouraged to try to correct the interference by relocating the

equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affected equipment. Consult an authorized dealer or

other qualiﬁed avionics technician for additional help if these

remedies do not correct the problem.

Operation of this device is subject to the following conditions:

(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2)

this device must accept any interference received, including

interference that may cause undesired operation.

Garmin is fully committed to your

satisfaction as a customer. If you

have any questions regarding the

400W-series, please contact our

customer service department at:

Help us better support you by completing our on-line registration form today! Registration ensures that you will be notiﬁed of product updates and new products and provides lost or sto-

handy, connect to our web site (www.garmin.com) and look for

To obtain accessories for your 400W-series, please contact

your Garmin dealer.

len unit tracking. Please, have the serial number of your unit

our Product Registration link on the home page.

The 400W-series display lenses are coated with a special anti-

reﬂective coating which is very sensitive to skin oils, waxes and abrasive cleaners. It is very important to clean the lens using an eyeglass lens cleaner which is speciﬁed as safe for

anti-reﬂective coatings and a clean, lint-free cloth.

Garmin International, Inc.

1200 East 151st Street

Olathe, KS 66062-3426 U.S.A.

Phone: (913) 397-8200

Fax: (913) 397-8282

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INTRODUCTION

Accessories and Packing List

Congratulations on choosing the world’s ﬁnest panel-mounted IFR navigation/communication system! The 400W-series represents Garmin’s continued commitment to providing you with the most advanced technology available today — in an accurate, easy-touse design suitable for all of your ﬂying needs.

Unless otherwise speciﬁed within this manual, the term " GNC 420W, GNC 420AW, GNS 430W, and GNS 430AW models. Please note that the difference between these models is indicated in the Speciﬁcations section of this manual (see Appendix B).

400W-series

" applies to the GPS 400W,

Before installing and getting started with your new system, please ensure that your package includes the following items. If any parts are missing or are damaged, please contact your Garmin dealer.

Standard Package:

• Garmin 400W-series Unit

• NavData® Card

• Terrain Card

• GPS Antenna

• Installation Rack & Connectors

• Pilot’s Guide

and conﬁguration of your new 400W-series unit. After installation, the NavData® card will already be installed into the correct slot on the front of the unit (see Appendix A). The 400W-series will be secured in the installation rack with the proper wiring connections. Have your dealer answer any questions you may have about the installation — such as location of antennas or any connections to other equipment in the panel.

• Quick Reference

• 400W/500W Series Display Interfaces Addendum

• 400W/500W Series Garmin Optional Display Interfaces Addendum

• GNS 400W/500W-series Simulator Training CD-ROM

• Database Subscription Packet

• Warranty Registration Card

Upgrade Package:

• Garmin 400W-series Unit

• NavData® Card

• Terrain Card (optional)

• GPS Antenna

• Pilot’s Guide & Reference

• Quick Reference

• 400W/500W Series Display Interfaces Addendum

• 400W/500W Series Garmin Optional Display Interfaces Addendum

• GNS 400W/500W-series Simulator Training CD-ROM

• Database Subscription Packet

• Warranty Registration Card

Your Garmin dealer will perform the installation

iii

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INTRODUCTION

Warranty

Limited Warranty

This Garmin product is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for two years from the date of purchase. Within this period, Garmin will, at its sole option, repair or replace any components that fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts and labor, provided that the customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost. This warranty does not cover failures due to abuse, misuse, accident, or unauthorized alterations or repairs.

THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY LIABILITY ARISING UNDER ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.

IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER RESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE, OR INABILITY TO USE THIS PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT. Some states do not allow the exclusion of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations may not apply to you.

Garmin retains the exclusive right to repair or replace the unit or software, or to offer a full refund of the purchase price, at its sole discretion. SUCH REMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY BREACH OF WARRANTY.

To obtain warranty service, contact your local Garmin Authorized Service Center. For assistance in locating a Service Center near you, visit the Garmin Web site at “http://www.garmin.com” or contact Garmin Customer Service at 800-800-1020.

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INTRODUCTION

Table of Contents

Contents

Introduction .................................................................................................i

Cautions ..............................................................................................i

Accessories and Packing List .......................................................... iii

Limited Warranty .............................................................................iv

Model Descriptions ..........................................................................1

GPS 400W ................................................................................1

GNC 420W/420AW ..................................................................1

GNS 430W/430AW ...................................................................1

Takeoff Tour ................................................................................................1

Key and Knob Functions ..................................................................2

Left-hand Keys and Knobs .........................................................2

Right-hand Keys and Knobs ......................................................3

Bottom Row Keys ......................................................................4

Power On ...........................................................................................5

Powering up the 400W-Series Unit ................................................5

Instrument Panel Self-Test ...............................................................6

Fuel On Board and Checklists .........................................................7

Acquiring Satellites/Messages ........................................................8

Selecting COM and VLOC Frequencies ...........................................9

Page Groups ....................................................................................10

Nav Pages ........................................................................................12

Default Nav Page ............................................................................13

Map Page .........................................................................................14

NavCom Page ..................................................................................15

Direct-To Navigation ......................................................................16

IFR Procedures ................................................................................17

Nearest (NRST) Pages .....................................................................18

Nearest Airport .......................................................................19

Nearest Airspace Page ...................................................................20

Flight Plans ......................................................................................21

Section 1 Communicating Using the GNC 420W/AW and

GNS 430W/AW ...........................................................................................23

Volume .............................................................................................23

Squelch .............................................................................................23

COM Window and Tuning ...............................................................24

Auto-Tuning .....................................................................................25

Emergency Channel ........................................................................27

Stuck Microphone ...........................................................................27

Section 2 NAV Pages ..............................................................................29

Main Page Groups ..........................................................................29

NAV Page Group .............................................................................29

Default NAV Page ...........................................................................30

Selecting Desired On-Screen Data ...........................................31

Restoring Factory Settings .......................................................32

Dual Unit Considerations ........................................................32

Map Page .........................................................................................32

Map Symbols ..........................................................................33

Map Range .............................................................................33

Map Page Auto Zoom .............................................................34

Map Panning ..........................................................................35

Map Direct-To .........................................................................36

Airspace Information on the Map ............................................36

Map Page Options ..........................................................................37

Map Setup ..............................................................................37

Data Fields on the Map ...........................................................40

Selecting Desired On-Screen Data ...........................................40

Restoring Factory Settings .......................................................41

Terrain Operation ............................................................................41

Terrain Limitations ..................................................................41

Terrain Page ...........................................................................41

Inhibit Mode ...........................................................................42

Terrain Symbols .......................................................................44

Color Interpretation ................................................................44

General Database Information .................................................44

Database Versions ...................................................................44

Database Updates ..................................................................44

Terrain/Obstacle Database Areas of Coverage ..........................45

Navigation Database ..............................................................45

Terrain Phase of Flight .............................................................45

Nearest Airport Criteria & Terrain Phase of Flight .....................46

TERRAIN Destination Airport ...................................................46

TERRAIN Alerts ................................................................................47

Pop-up Alerts ..........................................................................47

Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance .........................................47

Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) ...........................................48

TERRAIN Failure Alert ..............................................................48

“TERRAIN Not Available” Alert ................................................49

NAVCOM Page .................................................................................51

Position Page ...................................................................................52

Restoring Factory Settings ............................................................54

Satellite Status Page ......................................................................55

Vertical Navigation Page ...............................................................56

Dead Reckoning ..............................................................................59

Section 3 Direct-To Navigation ...........................................................61

Selecting a Destination by Facility Name or City .......................62

Selecting a Destination from the Active Flight Plan ..................63

Selecting the Nearest Airport as a Direct-To Destination .........63

Shortcuts ..........................................................................................64

Cancelling Direct-To Navigation ...................................................65

Specifying a Course to a Waypoint ...............................................65

Selecting Direct-To a Holding Pattern ..........................................66

Section 4 Flight Plans .............................................................................67

Flight Plan Catalog .........................................................................67

Flight Plan Catalog Editing ............................................................67

Flight Plan Catalog Options ..........................................................68

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INTRODUCTION

Activating Flight Plans .............................................................68

Inverting Flight Plans ..............................................................69

Create a new ﬂight plan ..........................................................69

Crossﬁll ..................................................................................70

Copying Flight Plans ...............................................................70

Deleting Flight Plans ...............................................................71

Deleting All Flight Plans ..........................................................71

Sort List By Number?/Sort List by Comment? ..........................72

Active Flight Plan Page ..................................................................72

Active Flight Plan Options .............................................................73

Activate Leg ............................................................................73

Crossﬁll ..................................................................................73

Copy Flight Plan .....................................................................73

Invert Flight Plan .....................................................................73

Delete Flight Plan ...................................................................74

Select Approach ......................................................................74

Select Arrival ...........................................................................75

Select Departure .....................................................................75

Remove Approach, Arrival, or Departure ..................................76

Closest Point of FPL ................................................................76

Parallel Track ...........................................................................77

Change Fields .........................................................................78

Restore Defaults .....................................................................78

Shortcuts ..........................................................................................78

Section 5 Approaches, Departures, & Arrivals .................................81

Basic Approach Operations ...........................................................83

Approaches with Procedure Turns ................................................84

Flying the Procedure Turn ..............................................................85

Flying the Missed Approach ..........................................................88

Flying an Approach with a Hold ....................................................89

Flying a DME Arc Approach ...........................................................92

Vectors to Final ...............................................................................95

Flying the Vectors Approach ..........................................................96

Course From Fix Flight Plan Legs ..................................................98

ILS Approaches ..............................................................................102

Selecting an ILS Approach .....................................................103

Flying the ILS Approach .........................................................104

Selecting an LPV Approach ..........................................................107

Flying the LPV Approach .......................................................107

LNAV/VNAV and LNAV Approaches with Advisory Vertical

Guidance ........................................................................................109

Points to Remember for All Approaches ....................................109

Points to Remember for Localizer or VOR-based Approaches 109

Enabling Autopilot Outputs for the King KAP140/KFC225 ......111

Section 6 WPT Pages ............................................................................113

WPT Page Group ...........................................................................113

Duplicate Waypoints ....................................................................115

Airport Runway Page ...................................................................117

Airport Frequency Page ...............................................................118

Airport Approach Page .................................................................120

Airport Arrival Page ......................................................................122

Airport Departure Page ...............................................................123

Intersection Page ..........................................................................125

NDB Page .......................................................................................125

VOR Page .......................................................................................126

User Waypoint Page ......................................................................127

Creating User Waypoints .............................................................127

Creating User Waypoints from the Map Page ...........................129

Modifying User Waypoints ..........................................................129

User Waypoint Page Options .......................................................130

User Waypoint List ........................................................................131

Section 7 NRST Pages ..........................................................................133

NRST Page Group ..........................................................................133

Navigating to a Nearby Waypoint ..............................................135

Nearest Airport Page ....................................................................135

Nearest Intersection Page ...........................................................137

Nearest NDB Page ........................................................................137

Nearest VOR Page .........................................................................137

Nearest User Waypoint Page .......................................................138

Nearest Center (ARTCC) Page ......................................................138

Nearest Flight Service Station (FSS) Page .................................139

Nearest Airspace Page .................................................................140

Section 8 VLOC (VOR/Localizer/Glideslope) Receiver Operations ...

...........................................................................................................145

Ident Audio and Volume ...............................................................145

VLOC Window and Tuning ............................................................145

CDI Key ...........................................................................................148

Section 9 AUX Pages ............................................................................149

AUX Page Group ...........................................................................149

Flight Planning Page .....................................................................150

Fuel Planning ........................................................................151

Trip Planning ........................................................................153

Density Alt / TAS / Winds .......................................................154

Crossﬁll ................................................................................155

Scheduler .............................................................................157

Utility Page ....................................................................................158

Checklists .............................................................................159

Flight Timers .........................................................................161

Trip Statistics ........................................................................162

RAIM Prediction ....................................................................162

Sunrise / Sunset ....................................................................163

Software / Database Versions ................................................164

Setup 1 Page .................................................................................164

Airspace Alarms ....................................................................167

CDI Scale / Alarms ................................................................167

Units / Mag Var .....................................................................168

Page 9

Position Format .....................................................................169

Map Datum .........................................................................170

Date / Time ...........................................................................170

Restoring Factory Settings .....................................................170

Setup 2 Page .................................................................................171

Display .................................................................................172

Nearest Airport Criteria .........................................................172

SBAS Selection ......................................................................173

COM Conﬁguration ...............................................................173

Restoring Factory Settings .....................................................174

Section 10 Fault Detection & Exclusion ...........................................175

Detection and Exclusion ..............................................................175

Section 11 Messages, Abbreviations, and Navigation Terminology

...........................................................................................................177

Messages .......................................................................................177

Turn Advisory and Arrival Annunciations ...................................183

Abbreviations ................................................................................184

Navigation Terms ..........................................................................188

Appendix A NavData Card Use ..........................................................190

Appendix B Speciﬁcations ..................................................................191

Appendix C Troubleshooting Q&A ....................................................192

Index .........................................................................................................198

INTRODUCTION

vii

Page 10

INTRODUCTION

Blank Page

viii

Page 11

INTRODUCTION

Model Descriptions

This guide covers the operation of the GPS 400W, GNC 420W, GNC 420AW, GNS 430W, GNS 430AW. In general, all models will be referred to as the 400W- series, except where there are physical or operational differences. The 400W-series units are 6.25” wide and

2.66” high. The display is a 240 by 128 pixel color LCD. The units include two removable data cards, one with a Jeppesen database (inserted in the left-most card slot) and the second being a Terrain database (inserted in the right-most card slot).

GPS 400W

The GPS 400W has a WAAS GPS engine and is TSO

GDL 69/69A datalink receiver.

GNC 420W/420AW

The GNS 430W/AW includes all of the features of the GPS 400W, and also includes TSO’d airborne VHF communications transceiver. This multipurpose unit is available with either a 10-watt (GNS 420W) or 16-watt 28 V dc (GNS 420AW) COM.

GNS 430W/430AW

The GNS 430W/AW includes all of the features of the GPS 420W/420AW, and also includes VOR/Localizer and Glideslope receivers. This multipurpose unit is available with either a 10-watt (GNS 430W) or 16-watt 28 V dc (GNS 430AW) COM.

C146a certiﬁed for primary domestic, oceanic, and remote navigation including en route, terminal, and non-precision approaches, and approaches with vertical guidance, such as LPV and LNAV/VNAV. The GPS 400W can simultaneously give aviators vital approach information and weather and trafﬁc data in relation to their position on a color moving map display. Thanks to a high-contrast color display, the information can be easily read from wide viewing angles even in direct sunlight. Its color moving map features a built-in database that shows cities, highways, railroads, rivers, lakes, coastlines, and a complete Jeppesen database. The huge Jeppesen database (that can be updated with a front-loading data card) contains all airports, VORs, NDBs, Intersections, FSS, Approach, DPs/STARs, and SUA information.

Pilots will enjoy the GPS 400W as an MFD, especially when it is coupled with trafﬁc, lightning detection, and weather interfaces like Ryan TCAD, TIS from the Garmin GTX 330 Mode S transponder, or L3 SKYWATCH™, or STORMSCOPE® WX 500. With the PC-based FDE prediction program, the GPS 400W may be used for oceanic or remote operations. For the latest in graphical and textual weather information, the GPS 400W can connect to XM Satellite Radio’s XM WX Weather Service via the

This Takeoff Tour is intended to provide a brief introduction of the 400W-series major features. The rest of this manual describes these features, and others, in additional detail. Use this guide, as needed, to learn or review the details regarding a particular feature. The Index may be used to quickly locate the information you want. Before ﬂying with your 400W-series unit, take the time to review the information in the manuals and practice with the trainer.

After you’re familiar with the basics, some suggested reading within the Reference section includes:

• Flight plan features - Section 4

• Waypoint information pages (database information)

- Section 6

• IFR procedures - Section 5

• Unit settings (conﬁguring the unit to your preferences) - Section 9

If you’re unable to locate the information you need, we’re here to help! Garmin’s Customer Service staff is available during normal business hours (U.S. Central time zone) at the phone and fax numbers listed on page ii. You can also reach us by mail (see page ii) or at our web site address: www.garmin.com.

Takeoff Tour

TSO’

d airborne

Page 12

TAKEOFF TOUR

Key and Knob Functions

The 400W-series unit is designed to make operation as simple as possible. The key and knob descriptions on the next three pages provide a general overview of the primary function(s) for each key and knob. This Takeoff Tour section is intended to provide a brief overview of the primary functions of your 400W-series unit. Experiment with the unit and refer to the Reference sections for more information.

Left-hand Keys and Knobs

GPS 400W

GNC 420W/AW GNS 430W/AW

Left-hand Keys and Knobs

The small left knob (COM/VLOC)

(420W/430W only) is used to tune the kilohertz (kHz) value point)

of the standby frequency for the communications transceiver (COM) or the VLOC receiver, whichever is currently selected by the tuning cursor. Press this knob momentarily to toggle the tuning cursor between the COM and VLOC frequency fields.

The COM flip-flop key (420W/430W only)

is used to swap the active and standby COM frequencies. Press and hold to select emergency channel (121.500 MHz).

The VLOC flip-flop key (430W only) is

used to swap the active and standby VLOC frequencies (i.e., make the selected standby frequency active).

(to the right of the decimal

The COM power/volume knob (420W/430W

only) controls unit power and communications radio volume. Press momentarily to disable automatic squelch control. In the GPS 400W, this control is used only for power.

The VLOC volume knob (430W only)

controls audio volume for the selected VOR/ Localizer frequency. Press momentarily to enable/disable the ident tone.

The large left knob (COM/VLOC)

(420W/430W only) is used to tune the megahertz (MHz) value (to the left of the decimal point) of the standby frequency for the communications transceiver (COM) or the VLOC receiver, whichever is currently selected by the tuning cursor.

Page 13

TAKEOFF TOUR

Key and Knob Functions

Right-hand Keys and Knobs

The range key (RNG) allows you to select

the desired map scale. Use the up arrow side of the key to zoom out to a larger area, or the down arrow side to zoom in to a smaller area.

The direct-to key provides access to the

direct-to function, which allows you to enter a destination waypoint and establishes a direct course to the selected destination. See Section 3.

The enter key (ENT) is used to approve an

operation or complete data entry. It is also used to confirm information, such as during power on.

The large right knob is used to select

between the various page groups: NAV, WPT, AUX or NRST. With the on-screen cursor enabled, the large right knob allows you to move the cursor about the page.

The small right knob (CRSR) is used to

select between the various pages within one of the groups listed above. Press this knob momentarily to display the on-screen cursor. The cursor allows you to enter data and/or make a selection from a list of options.

The MENU key displays a context-sensitive

list of options. This options list allows you to access additional features or make settings changes which relate to the currently displayed page.

The clear key (CLR) is used to erase infor-

mation or cancel an entry. Press and hold this key to immediately display the Default Navigation Page, regardless of which page is currently displayed.

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TAKEOFF TOUR

Key and Knob Functions

Bottom Row Keys

The nearest (NRST) key (400W/420W only) displays the nearest airports page. Then, turning the small right knob steps through the NRST pages.

GPS 400W / GNC 420W

The CDI key (430W only) is used to toggle which navigation source (GPS or VLOC) provides output to an external HSI or CDI.

The OBS key is used to select manual or automatic sequencing of waypoints. Pressing the OBS key selects OBS mode, which will retain the current “active to” waypoint as your navigation reference even after passing the waypoint (i.e., prevents sequencing to the next waypoint). Pressing the OBS key again will return to normal operation, with automatic sequencing of waypoints. Whenever OBS mode is selected, you may set the desired course to/from a waypoint using the OBS Page, or an external OBS selector on your HSI or CDI.

The message key (MSG) is used to view system messages and important warnings and requirements. See Sections 11 and 9 for more information on messages and unit settings.

The flight plan key (FPL) allows you to create, edit, activate and invert flight plans, as well as access approaches, departures and arrivals. A closest point to flight plan feature is also available from the flight plan key. See Section 4 for more information on flight plans.

GNS 430W

Whenever the 400W-series unit is displaying a list of information that is too long for the display screen, a scroll bar

will appear along the right-hand side

of the display. The scroll bar graphically

indicates the number of additional items

available within the selected category.

Simply press the small right knob to

activate the cursor and turn the large

right knob to scroll through the list.

The procedures key (PROC) allows you to

select and remove approaches, departures and arrivals from your flight plan. When using a flight plan, available procedures for your departure and/or arrival airport are offered automatically. Otherwise, you may select the desired airport, then the desired procedure.

scroll bar

}

Page 15

TAKEOFF TOUR

Power On

The Garmin 400W-series provides you accurate navigational data and some models also have communication capability, along with non-precision and precision approach certiﬁcation in the IFR environment. The Takeoff Tour is designed to familiarize you with the operation of the 400W-series — including powering up the unit, changing frequencies, entering data, performing a simple direct-to, selecting IFR procedures and provides a limited introduction to using ﬂight plans. In addition, this section brieﬂy covers the default navigation, map and frequency pages available as part of the NAV page group. These pages will be used for most of your in-ﬂight navigation.

The Takeoff Tour assumes that the unit and antennas have been properly installed and you have not changed any of the 400W-series unit default settings. If you have changed any of the factory default settings (position format, units of measure, selectable ﬁelds, etc.), the pictures shown here may not exactly match what you see on your 400W-series unit. Prior to using your unit for the ﬁrst time, we recommend that you taxi to a location that is well away from buildings and other aircraft so the unit can collect satellite data without interruption.

Powering up the 400W-Series Unit

The 420W and

430W

power and COM volume are controlled using the power/volume knob at the top left corner of the unit. The 400W power knob is located at the top left corner of the unit. Turning it clockwise will turn unit power on and increase the COM radio volume. After turning the unit on, a welcome page will be displayed while the unit performs a self test, followed by the database conﬁrmation pages which show the current database information on the NavData card (with the valid operating dates, cycle number and database type indicated). The database is updated every 28 days, and must be current for approved instrument approach operations. Information on database subscriptions is available inside your 400W-series package.

To acknowledge the database information, press ENT.

Power-up Sequence

Page 16

TAKEOFF TOUR

Instrument Panel Self-Test

Check CDI/HSI,

RMI and other

instruments

to verify these

indications

Instrument Panel Self-Test

Once the database has been acknowledged, the instrument panel self-test page will appear. To ensure that your 400W-series unit and any connected instruments are working properly, check for the following indications on your CDI/HSI, RMI, external annunciators and other connected instruments:

• Course deviation

• Glideslope

• TO/FROM ﬂag

• Time to destination

• Bearing to destination

• Desired track

• Distance to dest.

• Ground speed

• All external annunciators (if installed)

{

Should match current

OBS course selection

Fuel Figures: May be

entered manually if no

}

Select to display

Checklists Page

To enter fuel capacity, fuel on board or fuel ﬂow ﬁgures (if not provided by sensors):

1. Turn the large right knob to select the “CAP”,

“FOB” or “FF” ﬁeld.

2. Turn the small and large right knobs to enter the desired figure, then press ENT.

sensor present

Select to Set Fuel Level

to Full Capacity

The instrument panel self-test page indicates the currently selected OBS course, fuel capacity (CAP), fuel on board (FOB) and fuel ﬂow (FF). The fuel capacity, fuel on board and fuel ﬂow may be manually entered if your installation does not include connection to sensors which automatically provide these ﬁgures.

Enter the fuel capacity, fuel on board or fuel

ﬂow ﬁgures directly onto the appropriate

ﬁeld of the instrument panel self-test page.

These ﬁgures will automatically be provided

if your installation includes connection to

external sensors.

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Fuel On Board & Checklists

Fuel On Board and Checklists

The instrument panel self-test page includes selections to set fuel on board (FOB) to full capacity and access the checklists page. This allows you to quickly set fuel to full limits and display any checklists you’ve entered, such as start up or takeoff checklists.

To set fuel on board to full (if not provided by sensor):

1. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Set

Full Fuel?”.

Select “Set Full Fuel?” to set fuel on board

(FOB) to full capacity.

2. Press ENT and verify that fuel on board

(“FOB”) now matches the fuel capacity (CAP) ﬁgure. Fuel on board will now be reduced, over time, based on the fuel ﬂow (FF) ﬁgure.

To view the checklists page:

1. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Go To Chklist?” and press ENT.

Select “Go To Chklist?” to display the check-

list page and any available checklists. The

400W-series unit can hold up to nine check-

lists with up to 30 entries in each checklist.

2. Turn the large right knob to select the desired checklist, then follow the steps in Section 9

- Aux Pages - Utility Page to execute each step in the selected checklist.

3. Once you complete the desired checklist(s), press the small right knob to return to the checklists page. Press the small right knob again to return to normal operation on the satellite status or map pages.

Once you’ve veriﬁed instrument operation with the instrument panel self-test page displayed, press the ENT key.

The satellite status page will appear as the 400Wseries unit begins to collect satellite information. An “Acquiring” status will be displayed on the satellite status page, and the signal strength of any satellites received will appear as “bar graph” readings. This is a good indication that you are receiving signals and a position ﬁx will be determined. Following the ﬁrsttime use of your 400W-series unit, the time required for a position ﬁx will vary—within two minutes.

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Acquiring Satellites / Messages

Acquiring Satellites/Messages

If the 400W-series unit has not been operated for a period of six months or more, it may have to “Search the Sky” to collect new data. This means the unit is acquiring satellite data to establish almanac and satellite orbit information, which can take 5 to 10 minutes. The Satellite Status Page displays a “Searching Sky” status, and the message annunciator (MSG) above the MSG key also ﬂashes to alert you of a system message, “Searching the Sky”.

To view a system message, press the MSG key.

Message Page

The message page will appear and display the status or warning information applicable to the receiver’s current operating condition.

To return to the previous page after viewing a message, press the MSG key again.

The satellite status page shows the ID numbers for the satellites and the relative signal strength of each satellite received (as a “bar

graph” reading.

“Searching Sky” indicates that satellite almanac data is not available. The data is recollected from the ﬁrst available satellite.

“Acquiring” indicates that satellites have been located and information is being acquired, but the receiver does not have enough satellites for a 3-dimensional position.

“3D NAV” indicates that a 3-dimensional position is available.

“3D DIFF NAV” indicates when a 3-dimensional position is available and differential corrections are being used.

The “INTEG” annunciator (bottom left corner of the screen) indicates that satellite coverage is insufﬁcient to pass built-in integrity monitoring tests.

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TAKEOFF TOUR

420W / 430W Only

Selecting COM and VLOC Frequencies

While the 400W-series unit is acquiring a position, let’s take a minute to dial in the active and standby frequencies you’ll be using for the ﬁrst phase of your ﬂight. The

400W-series

display is divided into separate

“windows” (or screen areas), including a COM window,

repeat steps 1 through 3, above, to enter the standby frequency. After both communication frequencies have been entered, you may elect to keep the COM window ‘hot’ by leaving the cursor on the standby frequency, or move the cursor to the VLOC window by pressing the small left knob.

VLOC window, and the GPS window.

COM Window:

Active Frequency

VLOC Window:

Active Frequency

COM Window:

Standby Frequency

with tuning cursor

repeat steps 1 to 3, above, to enter the standby frequency. After both communication frequencies have been entered, you may elect to keep the COM window “hot” by leaving the cursor on the standby frequency, or move the cursor to the VLOC window by pressing

Pushing the small left knob activates the tuning

the small left knob. cursor in the desired frequency window. To select the active frequency, you must ﬁrst enter the frequency in the standby ﬁeld, and use the

COM ﬂip-ﬂop

(or

VLOC ﬂip-ﬂop) key to move it to the active ﬁeld.

To change the standby VLOC frequency:

communication (COM) or

units.

1. If the tuning cursor is not currently in the desired window (COM or VLOC), press the

small left

highlight between the COM and VLOC win dows. Adjusting the frequencies with the and small left

knob momentarily to switch the

large

knobs will affect the standby

frequency.

2. Turn the

large left

knob to select the desired megahertz (MHz) value. For example, the “135” portion of the frequency “135.325”.

3. Turn the

small left

knob to select the desired kilohertz (kHz) value. For example, the “.325” portion of the frequency “135.325”.

Selecting COM and VLOC Frequencies

Once you’ve entered the active frequency, simply

When selecting VLOC frequencies, the

NOTE:

tuning cursor automatically returns to the COM window after 30 seconds of inactivity.

These features are only available in the 420W/430W

4. To activate the selected frequency, press the appropriate

ﬂip-ﬂop key—COM for commu

nication frequencies or VLOC for VOR/Localizer frequencies.

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TAKEOFF TOUR

Page Groups

(Large right knob to change page groups)

(Small right knob to select pages within the group)

NAV Group

Default NAV

Map

Terrain

NAVCOM

Arpt Location

Arpt Runway

Arpt Frequency

Arpt Approach

WPT Group

Arpt Departure

Intersection

NDB

VOR

Position

Arpt Arrival

Satellite Status

VNAV

Selection of any main page is performed using the large and small right knobs. The large right knob selects the page group: NAV, WPT, AUX or

NRST. The small right knob selects the desired page within a group. To quickly select the default NAV page, press and hold the CLR key.

User Waypoint

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TAKEOFF TOUR

Page Groups

(Large right knob to select pages with the group)

AUX Group

Flight Planning

Utility

Setup 1

Setup 2

(Large right knob to change page groups)

Nrst Airport

Nrst Intersection

Nrst NDB

Nearest VOR

NRST Group

Nrst User Waypnt

Nrst Center

Nrst Flight Service

Nrst Airspace

FPL Group

Flight plan pages are selected by pressing the FPL key and using the small right knob to select the desired page.

Active Flight Plan Flight Plan Catalog

PROC Group

The Procedures pages are selected by pressing the PROC key and using the small or large right knobs to select a procedure.

Procedure

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TAKEOFF TOUR

Nav Pages

The map page is one of seven, or more, pages avail-

able under the NAV group*:

• Default NAV page • Map page

• Terrain page • NAVCOM page

• Position page • Satellite status page

• Vertical navigation page

To select the desired NAV page, turn the small right knob until the desired page is displayed.

If you are currently viewing a page that is not part of the NAV group, you can quickly return to the NAV group using the CLR key.

To select the NAV group and display the default NAV page, press and hold CLR.

NAV

7+ available pages*

(see list above)

AUX

4 available pages

(see Section 9)

MAIN PAGE GROUPS

WPT

10 available pages

(see Section 6)

NRST

8 available pages

(see Section 7)

In addition to the NAV group of pages, additional groups of pages are available for waypoint information (WPT), auxiliary (AUX) functions such as ﬂight planning or unit settings, and listings for nearest (NRST) airports or other facilities.

The bottom right corner of the screen

indicates the page group currently being

displayed (e.g., NAV or NRST), the number

of screens available within that group

(indicated by square icons) and the place-

ment of the current screen within that group

(indicated by a highlighted square icon). To

select a different page within the group, turn

the small right knob.

* Seven, or more, NAV Pages are avail

able when the 400W-series installation

includes connection to trafﬁc, XM radio,

and/or weather information sources. See the

400W/500W Series Display Interfaces Pilot’s

Guide Addendum, part number

190-00356-31 and the 400W/500W Series

Garmin Optional Displays Pilot’s Guide Ad-

dendum, part number 190-00356-30.

To select the desired page group, turn the large right knob until a page from the desired group is displayed.

To select the desired page within the group, turn the small right knob until the desired page is displayed.

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TAKEOFF TOUR

Default Nav Page

During most ﬂights, the default NAV, map and NAVCOM pages will be the primary pages used for

navigation. The default NAV page displays a graphic course deviation indicator (CDI), the active leg of your ﬂight plan (as deﬁned by the current “from” and “to” waypoints), and six user-selectable data ﬁelds. The default settings for these ﬁelds are distance to waypoint (DIS), desired track (DTK), bearing to waypoint (BRG), ground speed (GS), ground track (TRK) and estimated time en route (ETE). See Section 11 for deﬁnitions of these navigation terms. The default NAV page is selected by pressing and holding the CLR key or turning the small right knob.

Active Leg of

Flight Plan

Course Deviation Indicator (CDI)

User-

selectable

Data Fields

To change the data ﬁelds in the corners of the Default NAV Page:

1. Press MENU (with the Map Page displayed).

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight

“Change Fields?” and press

3. Turn the large right

ENT.

knob to highlight the

data ﬁeld you wish to change.

4. Turn the small right knob to select the type

of data you want to appear on this ﬁeld and press ENT.

Default NAV Page

5. Press the small right knob to remove the

cursor.

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TAKEOFF TOUR

Map Page

The map page displays your present position (using an airplane symbol) relative to nearby airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, user waypoints and airspace boundaries—and your route displayed as a solid line. Data ﬁelds for destination waypoint (WPT), distance to waypoint (DIS), desired track (DTK) and ground speed (GS) appear on the right hand side of the display. These ﬁelds are user-selectable to allow you to conﬁgure the unit to your own preferences. Available settings include: altitude, bearing, en route safe altitude, estimated time of arrival, minimum safe altitude, and ground track. See Section 11 for deﬁnitions of these navigation terms.

Map Display

Data

Fields

The map page combines a moving map

display and navigation data for complete

situational awareness. Map setup pages are provided to designate the maximum scale at which each map feature will ap

pear. These settings provide an automatic

decluttering

preferences) as you adjust the scale.

While viewing the map page, you can

quickly declutter and remove many of

the background map details by pressing

the CLR key (repeatedly) until the desired

of the map (based upon your

detail is depicted.

Scale with

Map

declutter

value

Present

Position

Map Page

Desired Track

To change the map scale, press the

sides of the RNG key.

 or 

Page 25

TAKEOFF TOUR

NAVCOM Page

NavCom Page

From the default NAV page, simply turn the small right knob to display the map page and again to dis-

play the NAVCOM page. The NAVCOM page displays the available frequencies (communications and navigation) for the departure airport, any en route airports that are included in your ﬂight plan, and the ﬁnal destination airport. When using the direct-to function, frequencies will be listed for the airport nearest to your starting position and the destination airport.

A frequency listed on the NAVCOM page can be quickly transferred to the standby ﬁeld of the COM or VLOC windows. This time-saving process prevents having to “re-key” a frequency already displayed elsewhere on the screen.

To display the frequency list for the active ﬂight plan or direct-to airport:

1. In the Nav function, turn the small right knob

to reach the NAVCOM page.

2. Push the small right knob to activate the

cursor on the airport identiﬁer ﬁeld (in the GPS window). Turn the small right knob to display the list of airports (departure, arrival and en route) for your ﬂight plan or direct-to. Continue to turn the small right knob until the desired airport is selected.

To select a communication or navigation frequency:

1. On the NAVCOM page, push the small right

knob to activate the cursor in the GPS window.

2. Turn the large right knob to select the desired

frequency from the list.

Selecting a frequency on the NAVCOM page.

3. Press ENT to transfer the selected frequency to

the standby ﬁeld in the COM or VLOC window. COM frequencies will automatically go to the standby ﬁeld of the COM window and navigation frequencies will automatically go to the standby ﬁeld of the VLOC window, regardless of which window is currently highlighted by the cursor.

4. To activate the selected frequency, press the

COM ﬂip-ﬂop (or VLOC ﬂip-ﬂop) key.

3. Press ENT to display the frequency list for the

selected airport.

Press ENT to show the frequencies for the

selected airport.

Swap the standby COM frequency into the

active Com frequency location.

Page 26

TAKEOFF TOUR

Direct-To Navigation

The

400W-series unit

can use direct point-to-point navigation to guide you from takeoff to touchdown, even in the IFR environment. Once a destination is selected, the unit will provide speed, course and distance data based upon a direct course from your present position to your destination. A destination can be selected from any page with the direct-to key.

Destination

Waypoint Identiﬁer

Field

“Activate?”

Function Field

Select Direct-To Waypoint Page

To select a direct-to

1. Press the

destination:

direct-to

key. The Select Direct-To Waypoint page will appear with the destination ﬁeld highlighted. The direct-to waypoint may also be selected by facility or city name. See Section 3 for more information.

5. Press

ENT to conﬁrm the identiﬁer. The “Acti

vate?” function ﬁeld will be highlighted.

Conﬁrm the selected direct-to destination by

highlighting “Activate?” and pressing ENT.

6. Press

ENT to activate a direct-to course to the

selected destination.

Once a direct-to destination is selected,

press and hold CLR to display the default

NAV page.

You can then press and hold the

return to the default NAV page, as desired.

CLR key to

2. Turn the

small right

knob to enter the ﬁrst letter of the destination waypoint identiﬁer. The destination waypoint may be an airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint, as long as it is in the database or stored in memory as a user waypoint.

3. Turn the

large right knob to the right to move

the cursor to the next character position.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to spell out the rest of the waypoint identiﬁer.

Page 27

TAKEOFF TOUR

IFR Procedures

Once the direct-to or ﬂight plan is conﬁrmed, the whole range of instrument procedures is available to you. Departures (SIDs), arrivals (STARs), non-precision and precision approaches are stored within the NavData card and available using the PROC (procedures) key.

To display the procedures page, press PROC.

The steps required to select and activate an approach, departure or arrival are identical. In this introductory section, we’ll show examples of the steps required to select an approach, but keep in mind the same process also applies to departures and arrivals.

To select an approach, departure, or arrival:

1. Turn the small right knob to select the desired

option (“Select Approach?”, “Select Arrival?” or “Select Departure?”) from the procedures page.

4. For approaches, a window appears to select the desired initial approach ﬁx (IAF) or provide a “vectors” option to select just the ﬁnal course segment of the approach. Turn the small right knob to select the desired option and press ENT. Vectors guidance is relative to the ﬁnal inbound course. A line is drawn beyond the ﬁnal approach ﬁx, allowing you to intercept the ﬁnal course segment beyond its normal limits.

A window will appear to select the desired

procedure. Use the large right knob to make

your selection.

5. For departures and arrivals, a window appears to select the desired transition. Turn the small right knob to select the desired option and press ENT.

Press the PROC key to display the procedures

page. Turn the large right knob to select the

desired option.

2. Press ENT to display a list of available proce-

dures for the arrival (when using approaches or STARs) or departure (when using SIDs) airport.

3. Turn the small right knob to select the desired procedure and press ENT.

6. With “Load?” highlighted, press ENT to add

the procedure to the ﬂight plan or direct-to.

In your ﬂight plan or direct-to, the departure or arrival airport is replaced with the sequence of waypoints contained within the selected procedure.

Page 28

TAKEOFF TOUR

Nearest Pages

Nearest (NRST) Pages

The NRST main page groups provides listings for nearest airports or other facilities. The NRST group provides detailed information on the 25 nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user-created waypoints within 200 NM of your current position. In addition, pages are also provided to display the ﬁve nearest center (ARTCC/FIR) and Flight Service Station (FSS) points of communication, plus alert you to any special-use or controlled airspace you may be in or near.

The nearest airport page is one of eight pages available under the NRST group:

• Nearest airport page

• Nearest intersection page

• Nearest NDB page

• Nearest VOR page

• Nearest user waypoints page

To display the NRST pages:

1. If necessary, press the small right knob to

remove the cursor from the page.

2. Turn the large right knob to select the NRST

page group, as indicated by “NRST” appearing in the lower right corner of the screen.

To display a list of nearby airports, turn the

large right knob to select the NRST page

group and (if needed) the small right knob to

select the nearest airport page.

3. Press and then turn the large right knob to

select the desired NRST page.

• Nearest ARTCC page

• Nearest FSS page

• Nearest airspace page

To scroll through the list, press the small right

knob, then turn the large right knob.

Page 29

TAKEOFF TOUR

Nearest Airport

You may examine both the communication frequencies and runway information directly from the nearest airport page. As discussed earlier for the NAVCOM page, you may also place any displayed frequency into the standby COM or VLOC ﬁeld by highlighting the frequency with the cursor and pressing ENT.

To view additional information for a nearby airport from the Nearest Airport page:

1. Press the small right knob to activate the

cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to select the desired

airport from the list.

3. Press ENT to display waypoint (WPT) informa-

tion pages for the selected airport.

The nearest airport page may be used in conjunction with the direct-to key to quickly set a course to a nearby facility in an in-ﬂight emergency. Selecting a nearby airport as a direct-to destination will override your ﬂight plan or cancel a previously selected directto destination. You’ll still have the option of returning to your ﬂight plan by cancelling the direct-to.

To select a nearby airport as a direct-to destina-

tion:

From the nearest airport page...

1. Press the small right knob to activate the

cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to select the desired

airport from the list.

3. Press direct-to, ENT, and ENT (again) to

navigate to the nearby airport.

Additional information for a nearby airport is available by highlighting an identiﬁer on

the list and pressing ENT.

4. To display runway and frequency informa-

tion, press the small right knob to remove the cursor and turn the small right knob to display the desired information page.

To select a nearby airport as a new destina-

tion, highlight its identiﬁer, press

ENT, and ENT

(again).

direct-to,

From an airport information page...

1. Press direct-to, ENT, and ENT (again) to

navigate to the nearby airport.

Page 30

TAKEOFF TOUR

Nearest Airspace

Nearest Airspace Page

The last page in the NRST group, the nearest

airspace page, provides information for up to nine

controlled or special-use airspaces near or in your ﬂight path. Airspace information appears on this page based upon the same criteria used for airspace alert messages. Nearby airspace information and airspace alert messages are provided according to the following conditions:

• If your projected course will take you inside an airspace within the next ten minutes, the message “Airspace ahead -- less than 10 minutes” will appear.

• If you are within two nautical miles of an airspace and your current course will take you inside, the message “Airspace near and ahead” will appear.

• If you are within two nautical miles of an airspace and your current course will not take you inside, the message “Near airspace less than 2NM” will appear.

To view an airspace alert message:

1. Press the MSG key. The message page appears

with the alert message.

When an airspace alert occurs, the message

(MSG) annunciator will ﬂash. Press MSG to

view the alert message.

2. Press MSG again to return to the previous

display.

To view nearest airspace information:

1. Turn the large right knob to reach the NRST

function.

• If you have entered an airspace, the message “Inside Airspace” will appear.

By default, airspace alert messages are turned off. When turned on, the message (MSG) annunciator located directly above the

MSG

key will ﬂash to alert

you to the airspace message. (See Section 9 Aux Pages

- Setup 1 for information on enabling airspace alert messages.)

To view additional information about the

airspace, select the nearest airspace page.

Detailed information is available by high-

lighting the airspace name and pressing ENT.

2. Turn the small right knob to reach the

Nearest Airspace page.

Note that the airspace alerts are based upon threedimensional data (latitude, longitude and altitude) to avoid nuisance alerts. The alert boundaries for controlled airspace are also sectorized to provide complete information on any nearby airspace. Additional information about a nearby airspace—such as controlling agency, frequency and ﬂoor/ceiling limits—is available from the nearest airspace page.

Page 31

TAKEOFF TOUR

Flight Plans

The

400W-series

lets you create up to 20 ﬂight plans, with up to 31 waypoints in each ﬂight plan. Flight plans are created, edited and activated using the FPL key. The FPL page group includes two pages: the

active ﬂight plan page and the ﬂight plan catalog. The active ﬂight plan page provides information and editing

features for the ﬂight plan currently in use (referred to as “ﬂight plan 00”). The ﬂight plan catalog serves as the main page for creating new ﬂight plans, as well as editing or activating previously created ﬂight plans.

Active ﬂight plan page with ﬂight plan

currently in use.

Since using ﬂight plans is arguably one of the more complex features of the 400W-series, we’ll only discuss it brieﬂy here — focusing on creating a new ﬂight plan and activating it to use for navigation. Additional information about ﬂight plans can be found in

4 Flight Plans

Section

To create a new ﬂight plan:

1. Press the FPL key and turn the small right

knob to select the ﬂight plan catalog.

2. Press the MENU key to display the ﬂight plan

catalog options.

3. Turn the large right knob to select “Create New Flight Plan?” and press ENT.

To create a new ﬂight plan, select “Create

New Flight Plan?” from the ﬂight plan

catalog options.

4. The cursor will appear on the ﬁrst waypoint identifier field (located directly below “WAYPOINT”). Use the large and small right knobs to enter the identiﬁer of the ﬁrst waypoint in the ﬂight plan. (The small knob is used to select the desired letter or number and the large knob is used to move to the next character space.)

Enter the identiﬁer for each airport and/or

navaid into the ﬂight plan in the same

sequence you wish to ﬂy.

5. Press ENT once the identiﬁer has been selected. The cursor will move to the next blank waypoint identiﬁer ﬁeld.

Page 32

TAKEOFF TOUR

Flight Plans

6. Repeat steps 4 and 5, above, until all waypoints for the ﬂight plan have been entered. Once the ﬂight plan is created, it may be activated from an options window. Activating the ﬂight plan will place a copy into “ﬂight plan 00” (the original ﬂight plan still resides in the ﬂight plan catalog). It replaces any ﬂight plan which currently exists in “ﬂight plan 00.”

To activate the new ﬂight plan:

1. On the Flight Plan Catalog page, press the small right knob to activate the cursor. Rotate the large right knob to highlight the desired ﬂight plan.

2. Press the MENU key to display the ﬂight plan catalog options.

3. Turn the small right knob to select “Activate Flight Plan?” and press ENT.

Select “Activate Flight Plan?” from the page

menu to begin using the new ﬂight plan.

Page 33

1 - COM

420W / 430W Only

Section 1

Communicating Using the

GNC 420W/AW and GNS 430W/AW

Some models of the 400W-series feature a digitallytuned VHF COM radio that provides a seamless transition from communication to navigation. The GNC 420W and GNS 430W’s COM radio operates in the aviation voice band, from 118.000 to 136.975 MHz, in 25 kHz steps (default). For European operations, a COM radio conﬁguration of 8.33 kHz steps is provided (Section 9 - Aux - Setup 2). The GNC 420AW and GNS 430AW use a 16-watt transmitter, instead of the standard 10-watt transmitter.

Radio Volume / Auto Squelch

Squelch

The COM radio features an automatic squelch to reject many localized noise sources. You may override the squelch function by pressing the COM power/ volume knob. This facilitates listening to a distant station or setting the desired volume level.

Press the COM power/volume knob momen-

tarily to override the automatic squelch.

Note the “RX” receive indication when

receiving a station.

To override the automatic squelch, press the COM

power/volume knob momentarily. Press the COM

power/volume knob again to return to automatic

squelch operation.

“TX” appears at the upper right corner of

the screen while transmitting.

Volume

COM radio volume is adjusted using the COM

power/volume knob. Turn the COM power/volume

knob clockwise to increase volume, or counterclockwise to decrease volume.

Page 34

1 - COM

Com Window and Tuning

COM Window and Tuning

420W / 430W Only

Communication frequencies are selected with the tuning cursor in the standby COM frequency ﬁeld, and using the small and large left knobs to dial in the desired frequency. The standby frequency always appears below the active frequency. The active frequency is the frequency currently in use for transmit and receive operations.

Tuning cursor in the COM window. Use the

small and large left knobs to dial in the

desired standby frequency.

A frequency may also be quickly selected from the database by simply highlighting the desired frequency on any of the main pages and pressing the ENT key. This process is referred to as auto-tuning. Once a frequency is selected in the standby ﬁeld, it may be transferred to the active frequency by pressing the COM ﬂip-ﬂop key.

While receiving a station, an “RX” indication appears in the upper right corner of the COM window — to the immediate right of “COM”. A “TX” indication appears at this location while you are transmitting.

NOTE: The tuning cursor will normally appear in the COM window, unless placed in the VLOC window by pressing the small left knob. When the tuning cursor is in the VLOC window, it will automatically return to the COM window after 30 seconds of inactivity. This does not apply to the GNS 420W.

The active frequency in either window cannot be accessed directly—only the standby frequency will be highlighted by the tuning cursor.

To select a COM frequency:

1. If the tuning cursor is not currently in the COM

window, press the small left knob momentarily.

2. Turn the large left knob to select the desired

megahertz (MHz) value. For example, the “118” portion of the frequency “118.300”.

3. Turn the small left knob to select the desired

kilohertz (kHz) value. For example, the “.300” portion of the frequency “118.300”.

To make the standby frequency the active fre-

quency, press the COM ﬂip-ﬂop key.

The tuning cursor will remain in the COM window. The GNS 430W/AW unit has a built-in VOR/Localizer/ Glideslope capability. If you wish to select a VOR/ localizer/ILS frequency, press the small left knob

Once the standby frequency is selected, use

the COM ﬂip-ﬂop key to make the frequency

active for transmit and receive operations.

momentarily to place the cursor in the VLOC window. Additional instructions for VOR/localizer/ILS operations are available in Sections 5 and 8.

Page 35

Cursor in VLOC window allows for VOR and

ILS operations. See Section 8.

Auto-Tuning

The 400W-series auto-tune feature allows you to quickly select any database frequency in the GPS window as your standby frequency. Any COM frequency displayed in the GPS window can be transferred to the standby COM frequency ﬁeld, with a minimum of keystrokes required. The following are some examples of selecting COM frequencies from some of the main GPS pages.

1 - COM

420W / 430W Only

Auto-Tuning from Nearest Airport Page

3. Press ENT to place the frequency in the standby

ﬁeld of the COM window.

Nearest airport page with the Tower

frequency (TWR) for the closest airport

highlighted.

4. Press the Com ﬂip/ﬂop key to swap the

standby and active frequencies.

To select a COM frequency for a nearby airport:

1. Select the nearest airport page from the NRST

page group. Press and hold the CLR key, then turn the large right knob until the nearest pages appears. Finally, if necessary, turn the small right knob to display the nearest airport page.

2. Press the small right knob momentarily to

place the cursor on the airport identiﬁer ﬁeld of the ﬁrst airport in the list. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired airport frequency.

From the nearest airport page, select the

desired airport to show a more detailed list-

ing of frequencies for that airport.

5. Before leaving the frequency page, use the

large right knob to highlight “Done?” and press ENT. “Done?” always needs to be acknowledged before leaving a page group.

Page 36

1 - COM

Auto-Tuning from Flight Plan/Database

420W / 430W Only

To select a COM frequency for a nearby ﬂight service station (FSS) or center (ARTCC):

1. Select the nearest center or ﬂight service page

from the NRST page group. Turn the large right knob until the NRST pages appear. Then, if necessary, turn the small right knob to display the desired NRST page.

Use the nearest ARTCC page to quickly re-

trieve the frequency(s) for the nearest center

(ARTCC) facility.

2. Press the small right knob momentarily to

place the cursor on the page.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the FSS/ARTCC frequency and press ENT to place the frequency in the standby ﬁeld of the COM window.

To select a COM frequency for any airport in your ﬂight plan:

1. Select the NAVCOM page from the NAV page group. (Press and hold the CLR key, then turn the small right knob until the NAVCOM page appears.)

2. Press the small right knob to place the cursor

on the airport identiﬁer ﬁeld. To the left of this ﬁeld appears Departure, En Route or Arrival — depending on the placement of the displayed airport within your ﬂight plan.

3. Turn the small right knob to display a

window listing the airports in your ﬂight plan. Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired airport.

4. Press ENT to return to the NAVCOM page with

the frequencies for the selected airport.

5. Turn the large right knob to highlight the

desired frequency.

6. Press ENT to place the highlighted frequency

in the standby COM window ﬁeld.

To select a COM frequency for any airport in the database:

1. Select the airport frequencies page from the

WPT page group. (Turn the large right knob to select the WPT page group. Then turn the small right knob until the airport frequencies page appears.)

Use the airport frequencies page to retrieve

a frequency list for ANY airport in the

Jeppesen NavData database.

2. Press the small right knob to place the cursor

on the airport identiﬁer ﬁeld.

The NAVCOM page provides a frequency list

for all the airports (departure, en route and

arrival) along your active ﬂight plan.

3. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the identiﬁer of the desired airport. Press ENT

Page 37

420W / 430W Only

1 - COM

Emergency Channel

when ﬁnished.

Stuck Microphone

4. Turn the large right knob to highlight the

desired frequency.

5. Press ENT to place the highlighted frequency

in the standby COM window ﬁeld.

indication will appear in the COM window. If the microphone is stuck or accidentally left in the keyed position, or continues to transmit after the key is released, the COM transmitter will automatically time

Emergency Channel

The 420W/430W emergency channel select provides a quick method of selecting 121.500 MHz as the active frequency in the event of an in-ﬂight emergency.

out (or cease transmitting) after 35 seconds of continuous broadcasting. You’ll also receive a “COM push-totalk key stuck” message as long as the stuck condition exists.

The emergency channel select is available whenever the unit is on, regardless of GPS or cursor status, or loss of the display.

To quickly tune and activate 121.500, press and hold the COM ﬂip-ﬂop key for approximately two seconds.

Whenever the 420W/430W is transmitting, a ‘TX’

A “COM push-to-talk key stuck” message appears to warn you of a stuck microphone. Transmitting is disabled after 35 seconds of

continuous broadcasting.

Press and hold the COM ﬂip-ﬂop key for

two seconds to activate the 121.500 MHz

emergency frequency.

Note: Under some circumstances if the com sys-

tem loses communication with the main system, the radio will automatically tune to 121.500 MHz for transmit and receive regardless of the displayed frequency.

Page 38

1 - COM

Blank Page

Page 39

Section 2

NAV Pages

2 - NAV PAGES

Page Groups / NAV Page Group

Main Page Groups

The

400W-series

main pages are divided into groups: NAV, WPT, AUX and NRST. While viewing any of these pages, selection of another page is a simple selection process using the small and large right knobs.

NAV

7+ available pages

(see list below)

AUX

4 available pages

(see Section 9)

To select the desired page group, turn the large right knob until a page from the desired group is displayed.

To select the desired page within the group, turn the small right knob until the desired page is displayed.

NAV Page Group

WPT

10 available pages

(see Section 6)

NRST

8 available pages

(see Section 7)

that group (indicated by a highlighted square icon). To select a

The NAV page group includes seven, or more, pages. While viewing any NAV page, turn the small right knob to select a different NAV page. You may ﬁnd this selection process convenient to cycle between the default NAV and map pages—two of the most frequently used pages. Other pages are provided to list frequencies for your ﬂight plan, show your current position, display current satellite reception, and make vertical navigation settings.

Default NAV

NAVCOM

VNAV

The bottom right corner of the screen indicates which page

group is currently being displayed (e.g., NAV or NRST), the

number of screens available within that group (indicated by

square icons) and the placement of the current screen within

different page within the group, turn the small right knob.

This part of the screen is also used to display the 400W-series

turn advisories (e.g., “DTK 313° 9 S”, or LT TO 030° NOW) and

waypoint alerts (e.g., “ARRIVING WPT” or “HOLD TEARDROP”)

during ﬂight plan and approach operations. Seconds will be

abbreviated as “S” and Now may be seen as “N”. See Section

5 for more information.

Map

Position

Terrain

Satellite Status

Page 40

2 - NAV PAGES

Default Nav Page

Default NAV Page

The ﬁrst NAV page is the default NAV page. This page may be quickly selected from ANY page by using the CLR key.

To select the NAV group and display the default NAV page, press and hold the CLR key.

of the indicator, relative to the desired course (the moving course deviation needle). As with a traditional mechanical CDI, when you’re off course simply steer toward the needle. The TO/FROM arrow in the center of the scale indicates whether you are heading to the waypoint (an up arrow) or if you have passed the

The default NAV page displays a graphic course

waypoint (a down arrow).

deviation indicator (CDI) across the top of the page. Unlike the angular limits on a CDI coupled to a VOR or ILS receiver, full scale limits for this CDI are deﬁned by a GPS-derived distance (2.0, 1.0 or 0.3 NM). By default, the CDI scale automatically adjusts to the desired limits based upon the current phase of ﬂight: en route, terminal area or approach.

Active Leg of

Flight Plan

Course Deviation Indicator (CDI)

User-

selectable

Data Fields

The graphic CDI shows your position at the center

The following symbols are used—on the default NAV page directly below the CDI—to depict the

“active leg” of a ﬂight plan or direct-to:

Direct-To a Waypoint

Course to a Waypoint, or Desired Course between Two Waypoints

Right Procedure Turn

Left Procedure Turn

Vectors-To-Final

DME Arc to the left

DME Arc to the right

Page location in NAV

group or advisory

NOTE:

Approaching the FAF, the GNS 400W-series unit automatically rescales in an angular fashion. This allows the LPV approach to be ﬂown identically to a standard ILS. ing is tightened from deﬂection deﬁned for the approach.

At 2.0 NM from the FAF, CDI scal

.0 to the angular

full scale

You may also manually select the desired scale set

ting as outlined in the Aux Setup section.

Left-hand Holding Pattern

Right-hand Holding Pattern

Directly below the CDI appears the active leg

your ﬂight plan, or the direct-to destination when

using the direct-to

key. This will automatically

sequence to the next leg of your ﬂight plan as you reach each interim waypoint. If no ﬂight plan or

direct-to destination has been selected, the destination

ﬁeld will remain blank.

Page 41

2 - NAV PAGES

Default Nav Page

Selecting Desired On-Screen Data

At the bottom of the default NAV page you’ll ﬁnd six user-deﬁnable ﬁelds which display the data you’ll need as your ﬂight progresses. By default these ﬁelds display: distance to destination (DIS), desired track (DTK), bearing to destination (BRG), ground speed (GS), ground track (TRK) and estimated time en route (ETE). However, each of these ﬁelds can be customtailored to your preferences by selecting a different data item. Available data items include:

• Bearing to destination (BRG)

• Distance to destination (DIS)

• Desired track (DTK)

• En route safe altitude (ESA)

• Estimated time of arrival (ETA)

• Estimate time en route (ETE)

• Fuel Flow (FLOW) (When Conﬁgured)

• Ground speed (GS)

• Minimum safe altitude (MSA)

• Track angle error (TKE)

• Ground track (TRK)

To select a different data item for any data ﬁeld:

1. Starting with the default NAV page, press the

MENU key to display an options menu.

2. The “Change Fields?” option is already high-

lighted, so press ENT to select this option.

3. Use the large right knob to highlight the data

ﬁeld you wish to change.

4. Turn the small right knob to display the list

of available data items. Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired data item from the list.

• Vertical speed required (VSR)

• Cross track error (XTK)

If no ﬂight plan or direct-to destination has been selected only speed, track, altitude and minimum safe altitude data may be displayed. All other data types will appear as blank lines—on the default NAV page—until a destination is selected.

5. Press ENT to select the desired data item and

return to the default NAV page.

6. Press the small right knob momentarily to

remove the cursor from the page.

Page 42

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page

Restoring Factory Settings

You can also quickly return all data ﬁeld settings to their original factory settings.

To restore all six data ﬁelds to factory default settings:

1. Starting with the default NAV page, press the

Map Page

The second NAV page is the map page, which displays your present position using an airplane symbol, along with nearby airports, navaids, user-defined waypoints, airspace boundaries, lakes, rivers, highways and cities.

MENU key to display an options menu.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the “Restore Defaults?” option and press ENT.

Dual Unit Considerations

A “Crossﬁll?” option is provided from the Default NAV Page. This option allows you to transfer a directto destination, the active ﬂight plan, any stored ﬂight plan or user waypoints to a second 400W or 500Wseries Garmin unit.

Some crossﬁll operations can be done automatically. If the crossﬁll method in both 400W (or 500W)series units is set to “auto”, a change in the direct-to destination or active ﬂight plan on one unit can also be seen on the other. See Section 4 - Flight Plans - Flight Plan Catalog Options for additional details on using the “Crossﬁll?” option.

NOTE: The databases of the 400/500 series and the 400W/500W are incompatible so you may not mix systems.

NOTE: The electronic chart is an aid to navigation and is designed to facilitate the use of authorized government charts, not replace them. Land and water data is provided only as a general reference to your surroundings. The positional accuracy of the land and water data is not of a precision suitable for use in navigation and it should not be used for navigation. Only ofﬁcial government charts and notices contain all information needed for safe navigation – and, as always, the user is responsible for their prudent use.

Map Range

NOTE: If the 400W-series unit is unable to determine a GPS position, the present position (airplane) symbol will appear on the Map Page in yellow. No symbol will be present when there is no active ﬂight plan.

Map Display

Data

Fields

Present

Position

Page location

in NAV group

Page 43

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page

Map Symbols

Various

symbols are used to distinguish between waypoint types. The identiﬁers for any on-screen waypoints can also be displayed. (By default the identiﬁers are enabled). Special-use and controlled airspace boundaries appear on the map, showing the individual sectors in the case of Class B or Class C airspace. The following symbols are used to depict the various airports and navaids on the map page:

Airport with hard surface runway(s); Primary runway shown

Airport with soft surface runway(s) only

Private Airﬁeld Intersection

VOR VORTAC

VOR/DME TACAN

DME NDB

Localizer Locator Outer Marker

Heliport

Map Range

The map display can be set to 23 different scale settings from 500 feet to 2000 nautical miles (statute and metric units are also available). The scale is indicated in the lower left-hand corner of the map display, and represents the top-to-bottom distance covered by the map display.

To select a map Range:

1. Press the up arrow side of the RNG key to

2. Press the down arrow side of the RNG key

zoom out to a larger map area.

to zoom in to a smaller map area and more detail.

Page 44

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page

Map Page Auto Zoom

An autozoom feature is available which will auto-

To quickly declutter the map display, press the CLR key

momentarily (as often as needed) to select the desired

amount of map detail.

matically adjust from an en route range of 200 NM through each lower range, stopping at a range of

1.0 NM as you approach your destination waypoint. The autozoom feature is turned on/off from the map setup page.

The map page also displays a background map showing lakes, rivers, coastlines, highways, railways and towns. When a map scale is selected below the lower limit at which the map detail was originally cre-

The right-hand side of the map page includes four user-selectable data ﬁelds. By default, the displayed data is: destination waypoint name (WPT), desired track (DTK), distance to destination waypoint (DIS) and ground speed (GS). Any of these data ﬁelds may be changed to display a different data type. You may also remove the four data ﬁelds from the map to show a larger map image.

ated, an “overzoom” indication will appear on the map display, below the scale reading. “Overzoom” indicates that the detail at this scale may not accurately represent actual conditions. If you continue to zoom in to lower scale settings, “overzoom” will be replaced with “no map” and the geographic detail is removed from the map display (but, the airport and navaid detail will remain).

The “Setup Map?” option allows you to deﬁne the maximum scale at which each map feature will appear. This provides you with complete control to minimize screen clutter. You can also quickly remove items from the map using the CLR key.

The CLR key allows you to quickly declutter

the map display, providing four levels of

map detail. Note the “-1” and “-2” (“-3” is

also provided) sufﬁx designations above,

indicating each successive declutter level.

Page 45

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page

Map Panning

Panning allows you to move the map beyond its current limits without adjusting the map range. When you select the panning function — by pressing the small right knob — a target pointer will ﬂash on the map display. A window will also appear at the top of

the name of that object will be highlighted (even if the name wasn’t originally displayed on the map). This feature applies to airports, navaids, user-created waypoints, roads, lakes, rivers — almost everything displayed on the map except route lines.

the map display showing the latitude/longitude position of the pointer, plus the bearing and distance to the pointer from your present position.

To select the panning function and pan the map display:

1. Press the small right knob to activate the

panning target pointer.

2. Turn the small right knob to move up (turn

clockwise) or down (counterclockwise).

selected on the map display, you can review information about the waypoint or designate the waypoint as your direct-to destination.

When the target pointer is placed on an object,

When an airport, navaid, or user waypoint is

To review information for an on-screen airport, navaid or user waypoint:

1. Use the panning function (as described above) to place the target pointer on a waypoint.

2. Press ENT to display the waypoint information page(s) for the selected waypoint.

3. Turn the large right knob to move right (turn

clockwise) or left (counterclockwise).

4. To cancel the panning function and return to

your present position, press the small right knob.

3. Press CLR to exit the information page(s).

Page 46

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page

Map Direct-To

To designate an on-screen airport, navaid or user waypoint as your direct-to destination:

1. Use the panning function (see previous page) to place the target pointer on a waypoint.

2. Press direct-to key to display the select direct- to waypoint page, with the selected waypoint already listed.

3. Press ENT twice to conﬁrm the selection and begin navigating to the waypoint.

The direct-to function can be used anywhere on the map. If nothing currently exists at the crosshair position, a new waypoint (called “+MAP”) will be created at the target pointer location before the direct-to is initiated.

2. Press ENT to display an options menu.

3. “Review Airspace?” should already be high-

lighted, if not select it with the small right knob. Press ENT to display the airspace information page for the selected airspace.

Airspace Information on the Map

When a special-use or controlled airspace boundary appears on the map display, you can quickly retrieve information — such as ﬂoor/ceiling limits and controlling agency — directly from the map.

To view airspace information for an on-screen special-use or controlled airspace:

1. Use the panning function (see previous page) to place the target pointer on an open area within the boundaries of an airspace. If the area is congested and it is difﬁcult to select an open area, you may need to zoom in or press CLR to make the selection easier.

To display airspace frequencies:

1. While viewing the airspace information display

in the above example, turn the large right knob to highlight “Frequencies?” and press ENT. Press CLR to return to the airspace information page.

2. Press CLR to exit the airspace information page. Press the small right knob (CRSR) to exit panning.

Page 47

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page Options

Many of the 400W-series functions are menu

Feature Description

Airspace Special-Use Airspace: Restricted, MOA,

driven. Each of the main pages has an options menu, allowing you to custom tailor the corresponding page to your preferences and/or select special features which speciﬁcally relate to that page. A map page options menu provides additional settings to customize the map page and additional features related speciﬁcally to the map page.

To display the map page options menu, press MENU (with the map page displayed).

The following options are available: “Setup Map?”, “Measure Dist?”, “Data Fields Off?”, “Change Fields?” and “Restore Defaults?”.

Map Setup

“Setup Map?” allows you to conﬁgure the map display to your preferences, including map orientation, land data enable/disable, Jeppesen data enable/disable, automatic zoom, airspace boundaries, and text size. The following table lists the group names and available settings:

Other

City Large/Medium/Small Cities and Text

Road Freeway, National Highway, Local Hwy,

Local Road

Other States/Prov, Rivers/Lakes, Railroads, Wind

Vector

Feature Description

Map Orientation, AutoZoom, Land Data, Avia-

tion Data

Weather Lightning Mode/Symbol (when applicable)

Trafﬁc Trafﬁc Mode/Symbol/Label (when appli-

cable)

Airport Large/Medium/Small Airports and Text

NAVAID VORs, NDBs, Intersections and Text

Waypoint User Waypoints, Flight Plan Wpts, and Text

Line Active Flight Plan/Direct-To, Lat/Long Grid

Control Controlled Airspace: Class B, C, D (tower

zone)

Large, Medium and Small classiﬁcations are

used on the 400W-series for airports and

cities. Large airports are those with a runway

longer than 8100 feet. Medium airports

include those with a runway longer than 5000 feet or with a control tower. Large cities are those with approximate populations greater than 200,000 and Medium cities are

greater than 50,000.

Page 48

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page Options

To change a map setup feature:

1. On the Map page, press MENU to bring up the Page Menu. Then, turn the large right knob to highlight “Setup Map?” and press ENT.

2. To change map orientation, turn the small right knob to select “Map” and press ENT.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the “Orientation” ﬁeld and turn the small right knob to select the desired option. Select “North up” to ﬁx the top of the map display to a north heading. Select “Track up” to adjust the top of the map display to your current track heading.

Select “DTK up” to ﬁx the top of the map display

to your desired course. Press ENT to accept the selected option.

4. To enable/disable automatic zoom, turn the

small right knob to select “Map” and press ENT. Turn the large right knob to highlight the “Auto Zoom” ﬁeld and turn the small right knob to select “On” or “Off”. Press ENT

to accept the selected option. The automatic zoom feature will automatically adjust the map scale from 2000 NM through each lower scale, stopping at 1.0 NM as you approach your destination waypoint.

5. To enable/disable background land data, or all

Jeppesen aviation data, turn the small right knob to select “Map” and press ENT. Use the large right knob to highlight the appropriate ﬁeld and turn the small right knob to select “On” or “Off”. Press ENT to accept the selected option.

6. For airports, NAVAIDs, active flight plan waypoints, user-created waypoints, state/provincial boundaries, rivers/lakes and cities: turn the small right knob to select the appropriate “Group” name (per the chart on the previous page) and press ENT. Use the large right knob to highlight the zoom ﬁeld for the desired feature and turn the small right knob to select the maximum scale at which the feature should appear on screen. Or select “Off” to never display the selected feature. Press ENT to accept the selected option. Next, turn the large right knob to highlight the text ﬁeld for the desired feature and turn the small right knob to select the desired text size, or select “None” to disable text descriptions. Press ENT to accept the selected option.

Page 49

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page Options

7. For airspace boundaries, highways, roads, railroad lines, wind vector, track log data, active ﬂight plan course lines, and lat/long grid lines: turn the small right knob to select the appropriate “Group” name (per the chart on the previous page) and press ENT. Use the large right knob to highlight the zoom ﬁeld for the desired feature and turn the small right knob to select the maximum scale at which the feature should appear on screen. Or select “Off” to never display the selected feature. Press ENT to accept the selected option. Distance Measurements

The “Measure Dist?” option provides a quick, easy method for determining the bearing and distance between any two points on the map display.

To measure bearing and distance between two points:

1. On the Nav Map page, press MENU. Then, turn the large right knob to highlight “Mea- sure Dist?” and press ENT. An on-screen refer- ence pointer will appear on the map display at your present position.

the top of the map display.

4. To exit the “Measure Dist?” option, press the

small right knob.

2. Use the small and large right knobs to place the reference pointer at the location you wish to measure FROM and press ENT.

3. Again, use the small and large right knobs to place the reference pointer at the location you wish to measure TO. The bearing and distance from the ﬁrst reference location will appear at

Page 50

2 - NAV PAGES

Map Page Options

Data Fields on the Map

The “Data Fields Off?” option provides a full-screen map display (shown bottom right), without the four data ﬁelds along the right-hand side of the screen. Select this option when you wish to display a larger map area. If this option has been selected and the data ﬁelds are off, “Data Fields On?” will appear as an option instead.

To turn the data ﬁelds on or off, press MENU and turn the large right knob to highlight “Data Fields Off?” (or “Data Fields On?”), then press ENT.

Selecting Desired On-Screen Data

“Change Fields?” allows you to choose the data displayed on the four user-selectable data ﬁelds along the right-hand side of the map page. There are twelve available data types, including bearing to destination, distance to destination, estimated time of arrival, ground speed, minimum safe altitude and track. See Section 11 for descriptions of these (and other) navigation terms.

To change a data ﬁeld:

1. Press MENU on the Map page and then turn the large right knob to highlight “Change Fields?”. Then, press ENT.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the data ﬁeld you wish to change.

3. Turn the small right knob to select the type of data you want to appear on this ﬁeld and press ENT.

4. Press the small right knob to remove the cursor.

NOTE: The on-screen traffic information will occupy two data fields, leaving room to display only two additional data types. Traffic information is only available when the 400W-series installation includes connection to traffic information sources. See the 400W Series Pilot’s Guide Addendum, part number 190-00356-31.

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2 - NAV PAGES

Terrain Operation

Restoring Factory Settings

“Restore Defaults?” resets all four user-selectable

data ﬁelds to their original factory default settings.

To restore the factory default settings, press MENU and turn the large right knob to highlight “Restore Defaults?”, then press ENT.

Terrain Operation

During power-up of the 400W Series unit, the terrain/obstacle database versions are displayed along with a disclaimer. At the same time, the TERRAIN system self-test begins. A failure message is issued if the test fails.

Terrain Limitations

Terrain Proximity displays altitudes of terrain and obstructions relative to the aircraft position and altitude with reference to a database that may contain inaccuracies. Terrain and obstructions are shown only if they are in the database. Terrain and obstacle information should be used as an aid to situational awareness. They should never be used to navigate or maneuver around terrain.

Note that all obstructions may not be available in the terrain and obstacle database. No terrain and obstacle information is shown without a valid 3-D GPS position.

Terrain Page

To display the TERRAIN Page, select the NAV group and turn the small right knob until the TERRAIN Page is displayed. The page displays terrain information, aircraft ground track, and GPS-derived MSL altitude. Altitude is shown in increments of 20 feet or in increments of 10 meters, depending on unit conﬁguration. The “G” to the right of the MSL altitude display reminds the pilot that altitude is GPS-derived.

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2 - NAV PAGES

Terrain Operation

The TERRAIN Page has two selectable view

settings:

• 360˚ View—View from above aircraft depicting surrounding terrain on all sides

• 120˚ View—View of terrain ahead of and 60˚ to either side of the aircraft ﬂight path

TERRAIN Page

NOTE: The TERRAIN Page gives a “Track Up” dis-

play orientation, as indicated by the “TRK” label shown on the display. This is the only orientation available on this page.

To display a 120˚ view:

1. Select the TERRAIN Page and press MENU.

2. Select “View 120˚?”.

3. Press ENT. To switch back to a 360˚ view,

repeat step 1, select “View 360˚?”, and press

ENT.

To show or hide aviation data:

1. Select the TERRAIN Page and press MENU.

2. Select “Show (or Hide) Aviation Data” and

press ENT. Pressing the CLR key when the TERRAIN Page is displayed will also toggle aviation information on or off.

Inhibit Mode

The Garmin TERRAIN system provides an

“inhibit mode”. This mode is designed to deactivate Premature Descent Alert/Forward Looking Terrain

Avoidance (PDA/FLTA) visual alerts when they are deemed unnecessary by the pilot. Flying VFR into an area where unique terrain exists could cause the system to annunciate a nuisance alert. Pilots should use discretion when inhibiting the TERRAIN system and always remember to enable the system when appropriate. When terrain is inhibited, the Terrain page will still be active, but alerts and messages will not be generated. See the Terrain Alerts section for more information on terrain alerts.

Seven display ranges are available, allowing for a

more complete view of the surrounding area.

To change the display range:

1. Select the TERRAIN Page and press up or down

on the RNG key to select the desired range: 1 NM, 2 NM, 5 NM, 10 NM, 25 NM, 50 NM, 100 NM.

Aviation information such as airports, VORs, and other navaids can be turned on or off from the TERRAIN Page.

Inhibiting Terrain

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2 - NAV PAGES

Aircraft Altitude

1000 ft

100 ft Threshold

Terrain Above Aircraft Altitude

Terrain Operation

To inhibit TERRAIN:

1. Select the TERRAIN Page and press MENU.

“Inhibit Terrain?” is selected by default.

2. Press ENT. The TERRAIN system is inhibited.

The annunciation is displayed in the terrain annunciator ﬁeld whenever terrain is inhibited.

Unlighted Obstacle Lighted Obstacle Color TERRAIN/Obstacle

< 1000’ AGL > 1000’ AGL < 1000’ AGL > 1000’ AGL

Obstacle Symbol

Terrain Color Symbology

To enable TERRAIN:

Enabling Terrain

1. Select the TERRAIN Page and press MENU.

“Enable Terrain?” is selected by default.

2. Press ENT. The TERRAIN system is functional

again.

Location

Terrain/Obstacle above or

Red

within 100 ft below current aircraft altitude

Terrain/Obstacle between

Yellow

100 ft and 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude

Black TERRAIN/Obstacle is more

than 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude

TERRAIN Altitude/Color Correlation

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2 - NAV PAGES

Terrain Operation

Terrain Symbols

The symbols on the previous page are used to represent obstacles and potential impact points on the Terrain Page. Note that obstacle symbols are shown on display zoom ranges up to 10 NM:

Color Interpretation

The Garmin TERRAIN system uses black, yellow, and red to depict terrain information relative to aircraft altitude.

General Database Information

The Garmin TERRAIN system uses terrain and obstacle information supplied by government sources. The data undergoes veriﬁcation by Garmin to conﬁrm accuracy of the content, per TSO-C151b. However, the

information displayed should never be understood to be all-inclusive. Pilots must familiarize themselves with the appropriate charts for safe ﬂight.

NOTE: The data contained in the terrain and obstacle databases comes from government agencies. Garmin accurately processes and crossvalidates the data, but cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the data.

The terrain/obstacle databases are contained on a

Database Updates

cally with the latest terrain and obstacle data. Visit the Garmin website to check for newer versions of terrain/ obstacle databases. Compare database cycle numbers to determine if a newer version is available.

datacard which is inserted in the right-most slot of the 400W Series units.

reprogramming or replacing the database card and inserting the updated card in the right card slot on the

Database Versions

The version and area of coverage of each terrain/obstacle database is shown on the Terrain Database Versions Page, located in the AUX Page Group. Databases are checked for integrity at power-up. If a

unit front panel. The terrain/obstacle database may be downloaded via the intenet and the card reprogrammed using a USB programmer available from Garmin. Contact Garmin at 800-800-1020 or at www. garmin.com for more information.

database is found to be missing and/or deﬁcient, the TERRAIN system fails the self-test and issues a failure message.

TERRAIN Database Information

Terrain/obstacle databases are updated periodi-

The database update process includes either

Page 55

2 - NAV PAGES

Terrain Operation

To update the terrain or obstacle database:

1. Acquire a new terrain data card from Garmin.

2. Turn off the power to the 400W Series unit.

Navigation Database

As explained in the “Premature Descent Alerting (PDA)” section, the Garmin TERRAIN premature descent alerting (PDA) algorithms utilize data contained in the Navigation Database. It is therefore

3. Remove the old terrain data card from and insert the new card into the right-most slot of the 400W Series unit.

4. Turn on the 400W Series unit and verify that the TERRAIN system passes the self-test. The “TER TEST” annunciator will clear after checking and no failure message appears.

Terrain/Obstacle Database Areas of Coverage

important to also have the latest Navigation Database installed to ensure correct TERRAIN alerting.

Terrain Phase of Flight

The TERRAIN Phase of Flight deﬁnitions are listed

below:

En Route Phase - Deﬁned as when the conditions for Terminal, Approach, and Departure Phases are not met.

The following describes the area of coverage available in each database. Regional deﬁnitions may change without notice.

Terminal Phase - Deﬁned as when all three of the

following conditions are met:

• The aircraft is 15 NM or less from the destination

The terrain and airport terrain databases include worldwide coverage that includes: Latitudes South 60°

• The distance to the destination runway threshold

to North 75°.

The obstacle database provides coverage for the

• The aircraft is at or below (lower than) a straight

USA and Europe that includes:

United States: Limited to the United States, some areas of Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, and the

Distance to Runway Height above Runway

Paciﬁc.

Europe: Limited to Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain,

Approach Phase - Deﬁned as when all three of

the following conditions are met:

• The distance to the destination runway threshold

Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

CAUTION: Obstacles 200 feet and higher are included in the Obstacle Database. It is very important to note that not all obstacles are necessarily charted and therefore may not be contained in the Obstacle Database.

• The height above the destination runway thresh-

• The distance to the destination runway threshold

runway.

is decreasing.

line drawn between the two points speciﬁed in the table below (relative to the destination runway).

15 NM 3500 feet

5 NM 1900 feet

is equal to or less than 5 NM.

old elevation is equal to or less than 1000 feet.

is decreasing.

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2 - NAV PAGES

Terrain Operation

Departure Phase - Deﬁned as when all ﬁve of the following conditions are met:

• It has been determined that the aircraft was previously “on-ground.”

• The aircraft has a vertical velocity greater than zero.

• The aircraft has a ground speed greater than 35 knots.

• The aircraft has an altitude greater than 150 feet AGL and less than 1500 feet AGL.

• The aircraft is within 15 NM of the departure airport.

NOTE: There are additional factors beyond what is outlined above that may alter the determined TERRAIN ﬂight phase.

As an example, if the pilot conﬁgures the unit to include only airports with runways 5000 feet or longer, only these are added to the nearest airport list. The terrain phase of ﬂight is affected in that all airport runways under 5000 feet are NOT included in terrain calculations. During a cross-country ﬂight with this conﬁguration, only airports runways 5000 feet or

Nearest Airport Criteria & Terrain Phase of Flight

Changes to the Nearest Airport Criteria Page affect how the TERRAIN system performs. The nearest airport list is used to derive the terrain destination airport when there is no loaded active ﬂight plan or when deviating from the active ﬂight plan (whenever the

greater cause the unit to go into Terminal or Approach Mode from En Route mode. If the pilot makes an emergency landing at an airport that did not show up in the nearest airport list, FLTA alerts would be issued throughout the descent.

TERRAIN Destination Airport

terrain algorithms go into estimation mode). In turn, the nearest airport list is used to determine the terrain phase of ﬂight. The terrain phase of ﬂight dictates the Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) levels at which Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance (FLTA) alerting occurs, as described later in the Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance section. Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) is also affected as described later in the PDA

The TERRAIN destination airport is considered to be the next airport in the ﬂight plan while adhering to the ﬂight plan path. If no ﬂight plan is entered, or if the aircraft is not adhering to the entered ﬂight plan path, the terrain destination airport is estimated using the Nearest Airport Criteria as described in the section above.

section.

Nearest Airport Criteria Page

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2 - NAV PAGES

Terrain Alerts

TERRAIN Alerts

TERRAIN alerts are issued when ﬂight conditions meet parameters that are set within the TERRAIN system software algorithms. When an alert is issued, visual annunciations are displayed. Annunciations appear in a dedicated ﬁeld in the lower left corner of the display.

TERRAIN Annunciation Field TERRAIN Pop-Up Alert

TERRAIN Annunciation and Pop-Up

Alert

Pop-up Alerts

On any page except the TERRAIN Page, when a terrain or obstacle alert is issued, a pop-up window is displayed with the appropriate alert.

To acknowledge the pop-up alert and return to the currently viewed page:

Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance

The Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance alert, or FLTA, is used by the TERRAIN system and is composed of two elements: Reduced Required Terrain Clear-

ance (RTC) Avoidance and Imminent Terrain Impact

(ITI) Avoidance.

RTC/ITI TERRAIN Severity Levels

“TERRAIN ADVISORY” advisory—Estimated

potential impact in approximately 60 seconds

after pop-up alert and annunciation. Similarly, an

“OBSTACLE ADVISORY” alert is also provided.

Press the CLR key.

To acknowledge the pop-up alert and quickly display the TERRAIN Page:

Press the ENT key.

“TERRAIN AHEAD” alert (ﬂashing)—Estimated

potential impact in approximately 30 seconds

after pop-up alert and annunciation. Similarly, an

“OBSTACLE AHEAD’’ alert is also provided.

• Reduced Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) Avoidance — Provides alerts when the aircraft ﬂight path is above terrain, yet is projected to come within minimum clearance values outlined in the following Minimum Terrain Clearance Values table. When an RTC alert is issued, a potential impact point is displayed on the TERRAIN Page as shown in the previous Terrain Altitude/Color ﬁgure.

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2 - NAV PAGES

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Terrain Alerts

• Imminent Terrain Impact (ITI) Avoidance — Provides alerts when the aircraft is below the elevation of a terrain cell in the aircraft’s projected path. ITI alerts are accompanied by a potential impact point displayed on the TERRAIN Page. The alert is given when the projected vertical ﬂight path is calculated to come within minimum clearance altitudes in the following table.

Phase of Flight Level Flight Descending

En Route 700 ft. 500 ft.

Terminal 350 ft. 300 ft. Approach 150 ft. 100 ft. Departure 100 ft. 100 ft.

Minimum Terrain Clearance Values for RTC/ITI Alerts

During the ﬁnal approach phase of ﬂight, RTC/ITI alerts are automatically inhibited when the aircraft is below 200 feet AGL while within 0.5 NM of the approach runway or is below 125 feet AGL while within 1 NM of the runway threshold.

Premature Descent Alerting (PDA)

The TERRAIN system issues a Premature Descent Alert (PDA) when the system detects that the aircraft is signiﬁcantly below the normal approach path to a runway. PDA begins when the aircraft is within 15 NM of the destination airport. PDA ends when the aircraft is either 0.5 NM from the runway threshold or is below an altitude of 125 feet AGL while within

1.0 NM of the threshold.

PDA Severity Levels

CAUTION — The above annunciation and pop-up

terrain alert are displayed during a PDA alert.

Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) Threshold

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2 - NAV PAGES

Terrain Alerts

TERRAIN Failure Alert

The TERRAIN system continually monitors several system-critical items, such as database validity, hardware status, and GPS status. Should the system detect a failure, a message is annunciated “TERRAIN has failed”.

“TERRAIN has failed” message

“TERRAIN Not Available” Alert

The TERRAIN system requires a 3D GPS navigation solution along with speciﬁc vertical accuracy minimums. Should the navigation solution become degraded, if the terrain/obstacle database is not available, or if the aircraft is out of the database coverage area, the annunciation “TERRAIN NOT AVAILABLE” is displayed on the TERRAIN Page.

“TERRAIN NOT AVAILABLE” display

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2 - NAV PAGES

Terrain Alerts

Alert Type Annunciation Pop-Up Alert

TERRAIN Failure None

TERRAIN Inhibited None

TERRAIN Not Available None

Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) Advisory

Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) Alert

(FLASHING)

Imminent Terrain Impact (ITI) Advisory

Imminent Terrain Impact (ITI) Alert

(FLASHING)

Required Obstacle Clearance (RTC) Advisory

Required Obstacle Clearance (RTC) Alert

Imminent Obstacle Impact (IOI) Advisory

Imminent Obstacle Impact (IOI) Alert

Premature Descent Alert (PDA)

(FLASHING)

TERRAIN Alerts Summary

(FLASHING)

Page 61

NAVCOM Page

The NAVCOM (navigation communications) page provides a list of the airport communication and navigation frequencies at your departure, en route and arrival airports. The NAVCOM page makes selection of the frequencies you’ll need along your ﬂight plan quick and convenient. If you do not have an active ﬂight plan with a departure airport, the NAVCOM page will display the frequencies for the airport nearest your departure position. Only the 420AW and 430AW move frequencies to their Navcom.

Departure, En

Route or Arrival

Airport

Frequency

Type

2 - NAV PAGES

NAVCOM Page

To scroll through the list of frequencies:

1. Activate the cursor, if not already active, by pressing the

2. Turn the through the list of frequencies. If there are more frequencies in the list that can be displayed on the screen, a scroll bar along the right-hand side of the screen will indicate which part of the list is currently being displayed.

small right knob.

large right knob to move the cursor

Third Page

in NAV group

To select a frequency list

, or arrival

route

1. Press the cursor.

2. Turn the large right on the airport identiﬁer ﬁeld (top line on the NAVCOM page).

3. Turn the airport and press

airport:

small right

small right knob to select the desired

for a departure

ENT.

Assigned Frequency and Usage Informa-

tion (when applicable)

knob to activate the

knob to place the cursor

, en

}

scroll bar

3. To place a frequency in the standby ﬁeld of the COM or VLOC window, highlight the desired

420AW and 430AW

frequency and press

ENT. (

only)

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2 - NAV PAGES

Position Page

Some listed frequencies may include designations for limited usage, as follows:

“TX” - transmit only “RX” - receive only “PT” - part time frequency

If a listed frequency has sector or altitude restrictions, the frequency will be preceded by an “Info?” designation.

To view usage restrictions for a frequency:

1. Turn the large right knob to place the cursor

on the “Info?” designation directly in front of the desired frequency.

2. Press ENT to display the restriction informa-

tion.

3. To return to the NAVCOM page, press ENT.

Position Page

The position page displays your present position (by default, in latitude and longitude) and altitude. The position page also displays your current track, ground speed, time and a reference waypoint ﬁeld. These ﬁelds are user-selectable to conﬁgure the page to your own preferences and current navigation needs.

Graphic “Track”

Indicator

Present

Position

Reference

Waypoint Fields

User-selectable

Data Fields

Page location in

NAV group

The graphic “track” indicator at the top of the page indicates the direction you’re heading, or track, only while you’re moving. Directly below are three user-selectable ﬁelds, which by default, display track, ground speed and altitude. Minimum safe altitude (MSA) can also be displayed on these ﬁelds. MSA is the recommended minimum altitude within approxi mately ten miles of your present position. MSA is cal

culated from the information contained in the database and generally includes mountains, buildings and other permanent features.

The graphic “track” indicator and the TRK

indication directly below it provide the same

information. Use the graphic “track” indicator

for quick at-a-glance ground track information.

Page 63

NOTE: Do not rely solely on MSA as an absolute measure of safe altitude. Consult current charts and NOTAMs for your area.

To change the user-selectable data ﬁelds:

1. Press MENU to display the Position page

options menu.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Change Fields?” and press ENT.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the data ﬁeld you wish to change.

2 - NAV PAGES

Position Page

6. Press the small right knob momentarily to

remove the cursor from the page.

The position page also features a reference waypoint ﬁeld, located at the bottom of the page, to indicate your bearing and distance to/from a selected waypoint. The reference waypoint ﬁeld can display bearing and distance information for a nearby airport (default), VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint.

To change the reference waypoint information:

1. Press MENU to display the position page

options menu.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Change Fields?” and press ENT.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the waypoint type ﬁeld (bottom left corner of the page; default setting will show “APT”).

4. Turn the small right knob to display the list of available waypoint types. Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired data item from the list.

4. Turn the small right knob to display the list

of available data items. Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired data item from the list.

5. Press ENT to select the desired data item and

return to the position page.

5. Press ENT to select the desired type and return to the position page.

6. To select between “bearing FROM” or “bearing TO” to the reference waypoint, turn the small right knob to select the desired bearing reference and press ENT.

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2 - NAV PAGES

Restoring Factory Settings

A “Restore Defaults?” option allows you to reset all data ﬁelds to their original factory default settings. This will return the three user-selectable ﬁelds at the top of the page AND the reference waypoint ﬁelds to default settings.

7. Press the small right knob momentarily to

remove the cursor from the page.

8. If “WPT” is selected as the waypoint type, you can designate any airport, NAVAID or user waypoint as a reference waypoint. Press the small right knob, turn the large right knob to highlight the waypoint identiﬁer ﬁeld, then use the small and large right knobs to enter the identiﬁer of the desired waypoint. Press ENT to conﬁrm the selected waypoint. Press the small right knob to remove the cursor.

To restore the factory default settings:

1. Press MENU to display the position page

options menu.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Restore Defaults?” and press ENT.

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2 - NAV PAGES

Satellite Status Page

The Satellite Status Page is helpful in troubleshooting weak (or missing) signal levels due to poor satellite coverage or installation problems. You may wish to refer to this page occasionally to monitor GPS receiver performance and establish a normal pattern for system operation. Should problems occur at a later date, you may ﬁnd it helpful to have an established baseline from which to compare.

Sky View

of satellite

positions

Signal

Strength Bars

Satellite

Numbers

Excluded

Satellite

(cyan)

Acquiring

Satellite,

not ready

for use

Satellite acquired

and used for

position ﬁx

(green)

Page location

in NAV group

As the GPS receiver locks onto satellites, a signal strength bar appears for each satellite in view, with the appropriate satellite number (01-32, WAAS satellites will have higher numbers) underneath each bar. The progress of satellite acquisition is shown in the follow

ing conditions:

• Hollow signal strength bars — the receiver has found the satellite(s) and is collecting data.

• Cross-hatch cyan signal strength bars — the receiver has found the satellite(s) but it has been excluded by the FDE program as a faulty satellite.

• Solid cyan signal strength bars — the receiver has collected the necessary data, but is not using the satellite in the position solution.

The “D” character inside the bars indicates differ ential corrections (e.g. WAAS) are being used for that satellite.

Each satellite has a 30-second data transmission that must be collected (hollow signal strength bar) before the satellite may be used for navigation (solid signal strength bar). Once the GPS receiver has deter mined your position, the 400W-series unit indicates your position, altitude GPS receiver status ﬁeld also displays the following messages under the appropriate conditions:

• Searching Sky The GPS receiver is searching the sky for ANY vis ible satellites. You are also informed of this status with a “Searching the Sky” message.

• Acquiring Sat The GPS receiver is acquiring satellites for naviga tion. In this mode, the receiver uses satellite orbital data (collected continuously from the satellites) and

• Solid green signal strength bars — the receiver has collected the necessary data and the satellite is being used in the position solution. The sky view display

last known position to determine the satellites that should be in view.

(at top left corner of the page) shows which satel lites are currently in view, and where they are. The outer circle of the sky view represents the horizon (with north at top of the page); the inner circle 45° above the horizon; and the center point directly overhead.

GPS Receiver

Status

Horizontal Figure of Merit

and Vertical Figure of Merit

Estimated Posi-

tion Uncertainty

Satellite acquired, used for

position ﬁx, and has differential

corrections

, track and ground speed. The

—

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2 - NAV PAGES

VERTICAL NAVIGATION PROFILE

VERTICAL SPEED REQUIRED

DISTANCE TO TARGET

TIME AND DISTANCE TO PROFILE

TARGET ALTITUDE AND POSITION

AIRPORT

CURRENT ALTITUDE AND POSITION

Satellite Status Page

Vertical Navigation Page

The 400W-series vertical navigation page (the last NAV page) allows you to create a three-dimensional proﬁle which guides you from your present position and altitude to a ﬁnal (target) altitude at a speciﬁed location. This is helpful when you’d like to descend to a certain altitude near an airport. Once the proﬁle is deﬁned, message alerts and additional data on the default NAV and map pages will keep you informed of your progress.

Altitude Reference

(AGL or MSL)

• 3D Navigation — The GPS receiver is in 3D navigation mode and computes altitude using satellite data.

• 3D Differential Navigation— The GPS receiver is in 3D navigation mode and differential corrections are being used.

The Satellite Status Page also indicates the accuracy of the position ﬁx, using Horizontal Figure of Merit (HFOM), Vertical Figure of Merit (VFOM), and Estimated Position Uncertainty (EPU). HFOM and VFOM represent the 95% conﬁdence levels in horizontal and vertical accuracy. The lowest numbers are the best accuracy and the highest numbers are worse. EPU is the horizontal position error estimated by the Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE) algorithm, in feet or meters.

Target

Altitude

Target Reference

Vertical Speed

Required

Target

Distance

NOTE:

Vertical Speed

Desired

To use the vertical navigation features, your

Page location in

NAV group

ground speed must be greater than 35 knots and you must be navigating to a direct-to destination or using a flight plan.

To create a vertical naviga

tion proﬁle:

Page 67

2 - NAV PAGES

Vertical Navigation - VNAV

1. Press the small right knob to activate the

cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the

target altitude ﬁeld.

3. Turn the small and large right knobs to select the target altitude and press ENT.

4. Turn the small right knob to select “Above Wpt” (AGL) or “MSL”, and press ENT. “Above Wpt” will use the altitude of a destination airport as stored in the Jeppesen NavData card. “MSL” lets you set a speciﬁc target altitude for any waypoint category: airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint.

6. Turn the small right knob to select “Before” or “After”, and press ENT. This setting designates whether the offset distance deﬁnes a point before you reach the target reference waypoint or after you reach the waypoint. “After” is not available for the last waypoint.

7. When using a ﬂight plan, the target reference waypoint itself can be speciﬁed from the waypoints contained in the ﬂight plan. By default, the last waypoint in the ﬂight plan will be selected. To select a different waypoint, turn the small right knob to select the desired waypoint and press ENT.

8. The default proﬁle utilizes a 400 foot-perminute descent rate. To change the rate, turn the large right knob to highlight the “VS Proﬁle” ﬁeld and use the small and large right knobs to enter a new rate. Press ENT when ﬁnished.

5. Turn the small and large right knobs to select

a distance from the target reference waypoint and press ENT. If the target altitude should occur at the target reference waypoint, enter a distance of zero.

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2 - NAV PAGES

Vertical Navigation - VNAV

With the proﬁle set, the vertical speed required (VSR) is displayed on the vertical navigation page. Expect the following to occur when using the vertical navigation feature:

• At one minute prior to reaching the initial descent point, a message “Approaching VNAV Proﬁle” occurs. The descent angle will also lock to prevent changes in speed from altering the proﬁle.

• If selected, the vertical speed required (VSR) readout on the default NAV and map pages will show the desired vertical speed to maintain the proper descent angle.

• At 500 feet above the target altitude, an “Approaching Target Altitude” message is provided. The VSR readout on the default NAV and map pages is blanked out, at this point.

Vertical navigation messages can be turned on or off. (By default the messages are off.) Turning the messages off allows you to keep the proﬁle settings you’ve entered previously, without having them generate messages when the feature isn’t needed.

To disable/enable the vertical navigation (VNAV) messages:

1. Press MENU to display the vertical navigation

page options menu.

2. With “VNAV Messages On?” highlighted,

press ENT. Or, if the messages are already on and you wish to turn them off, make sure “VNAV Messages Off?” is highlighted and press ENT.

To restore the factory default VNAV settings:

1. On the Nav VNAV page, press the MENU

key.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Restore Defaults” and then press ENT.

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2 - NAV PAGES

Dead Reckoning

Dead reckoning is the process of continuing navi-

compute navigation related information for the current ﬂight phase.

gation using your last known position and speed after a loss of GPS navigation while on an active ﬂight plan.

CAUTION: Navigation using dead reckoning is therefore only an estimate and should not be used as the sole means of navigation. Use other means of navigation, if possible.

Oceanic ﬂight modes. If the unit is in a Terminal or Approach ﬂight mode when Dead Reckoning takes place, “No GPS Position” will be displayed on the map pages and all navigation data will be dashed. If you are operating in Dead Reckoning mode and a transition to Terminal or Approach ﬂight modes would occur from

Dead reckoning becomes active after a loss of GPS position while you are navigating using an active ﬂight plan. A pop-up message will appear and you must clear the message before continuing operation.

the projected Dead Reckoning position, Dead Reckoning mode will be discontinued. “No GPS Position” will be displayed on the map pages and all navigation data will be dashed.

The ownship icon color is changed to yellow. The To/ From ﬂag is removed from the CDI. The Dead Reckoning annunciator (DR) appears on the left side of the map display when GPS position is unavailable and the unit is in Dead Reckoning mode. All external outputs dependent on GPS position are ﬂagged.

Dead Reckoning is only allowed in En Route and

Terrain will be noted as not available and new terrain advisory pop-ops will not occur. Trafﬁc and Stormscope information will not be shown on the Map page, but will continue to be available on their own dedicated pages. XM weather will still be available on the Map page.

Dead Reckoning mode will continue until GPS position is restored, when GPS navigation is restored Dead Reckoning mode is exited. The DR annunciations will be removed and GPS information will be used to

Page 70

2 - NAV PAGES

Blank Page

Page 71

3 - DIRECT-TO

Selecting a Destination

Section 3

Direct-To Navigation

The 400W-series direct-to function provides a quick method of setting a course to a destination waypoint. Once a direct-to is activated, the 400Wseries will establish a point-to-point course line (geodesic path) from your present position to the selected direct-to destination. Navigation data on the various NAV pages will provide steering guidance until the direct-to is cancelled or replaced by a new destination.

To select a direct-to destination:

1. Press the direct-to key. The select direct-to

waypoint page will appear, with the waypoint identiﬁer ﬁeld highlighted.

course, the direct-to function may also be used to recenter the CDI (HSI) needle and proceed to the same waypoint.

3. Press ENT to conﬁrm the selected waypoint, and ENT again to activate the direct-to function.

If you’re navigating to a waypoint and get off

To re-center the CDI (HSI) needle to the same destination waypoint:

1. Press the direct-to key, followed by pressing ENT twice.

NOTE: If you’re navigating an approach with the

missed approach point (MAP) as the current destination, re-centering the CDI (HSI) needle with the

direct-to

key will cancel the approach.

2. Use the small and large right knobs to

enter the identiﬁer of the desired destination waypoint.

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3 - DIRECT-TO

Selecting a Destination

Selecting a Destination by Facility Name or City

In addition to selecting a destination by identiﬁer, the select direct-to waypoint page also allows you to select airports, VORs and NDBs by facility name or city location. If duplicate entries exist for the entered facility name or city, additional entries may be viewed by continuing to turn the small right knob during the selection process.

Identiﬁer, Symbol

and Region

To select a direct-to destination by facility name or city:

Flight Plan

Field

Facility

Name

City

Nearest

Airport

Field

4. Continue turning the

small right knob

scroll through any additional database listings for the selected facility name or city. You can also scroll backwards with the

small right

knob if you scroll past the desired waypoint.

5. Press

ENT to conﬁrm the selected waypoint,

to activate the direct-to function.

ENT

and

To select the direct-to destination by facility

(shown above) or city location (shown

name below), highlight the second or third line on

the direct-to waypoint page. Use the small and

large right knobs to enter the facility name or

city. The identiﬁer(s) for any matching entries

will appear on the top line of the page.

1. Press the waypoint page will appear, with the waypoint identiﬁer ﬁeld highlighted.

2. Turn the facility name (second line; see above) or the city (third line; see above) ﬁeld.

3. Use the the facility name or city location of the desired destination waypoint. As you spell the facility name or city, the 400W-series Spell’N’Find feature will select the ﬁrst entry in the database based upon the characters you have entered up to that point.

direct-to

key. The select direct-to

large right knob to highlight the

and large right knobs to enter

small

Page 73

3 - DIRECT-TO

Selecting a Destination

Selecting a Destination from the Active Flight Plan

Selecting the Nearest Airport as a Direct-To Destination

If you’re navigating an active ﬂight plan, any waypoint contained in the ﬂight plan may be selected as a direct-to destination from the select direct-to waypoint page. (see Section 4 - Flight Plans, for more information on ﬂight plans.)

To select a direct-to destination from the active ﬂight plan:

the nearest airports (from your present position) on the NRST ﬁeld. Navigating directly to a nearby airport is always just a few simple steps away. (Nearby airports may also be selected as direct-to destinations using the steps described Section 7 - NRST Pages - Navigating to a Nearby Waypoint.)

1. Press the direct-to key. The select direct-to

waypoint page will appear, with the waypoint identiﬁer ﬁeld highlighted.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the

ﬂight plan (FPL) ﬁeld.

The select direct-to waypoint page always displays

To select a nearby airport as a direct-to destination:

1. Press the direct-to key. The select direct-to

waypoint page will appear, with the waypoint identiﬁer ﬁeld highlighted.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the

nearest airport (NRST) ﬁeld.

3. Turn the small right knob to display a window

showing up to nine nearby airports.

3. Turn the small right knob to display a window

showing all waypoints in the active flight plan.

4. Continue turning the small right knob to

scroll through the list and highlight the desired waypoint.

5. Press ENT to conﬁrm the selected waypoint, and ENT to activate the direct-to function.

4. Continue turning the small right knob to

scroll through the list and highlight the desired airport.

5. Press ENT to confirm the selected airport, and

ENT to activate the direct-to function.

NOTE: Performing a direct-to for the MAP of an

active approach will cancel approach mode.

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3 - DIRECT-TO

Direct-to Shortcuts

Shortcuts

Shortcuts are available when using the direct-to key, allowing you to bypass the use of the small and large right knobs to enter the destination waypoint’s identiﬁer. A direct-to can be performed from any page displaying a single waypoint identiﬁer (such as the WPT pages for airports and navaids) by simply pressing direct-to and ENT. For pages that display a list of waypoints (e.g., the nearest airport page), you must highlight the desired waypoint with the cursor before pressing the direct-to key.

To select an on-screen waypoint (other than the map page) as a direct-to destination:

1. If a single airport, navaid or user waypoint is

displayed on-screen: press direct-to, then press ENT twice.

Direct-to destinations may also be selected from the map page, by panning to the desired destination location and pressing direct-to and ENT (twice). If no airport, navaid or user waypoint exists at the desired location, a waypoint named “+MAP” will automatically be created at the location of the panning pointer.

To select a direct-to destination from the map

page:

1. From the map page, press the small right

knob to display a panning pointer.

2. Turn the small and large right knobs to place

the panning pointer at the desired destination location.

2. If a list of waypoints is displayed on-screen:

press the small right knob to activate the cursor, turn the large right knob to highlight the desired waypoint, then press direct-to followed by ENT twice.

3. If the panning pointer is placed on an existing airport, navaid or user waypoint, the waypoint name will be highlighted. Press direct-to and then ENT twice to navigate to the waypoint.

4. If the panning pointer is placed on an open location, press direct-to and ENT twice to create a “MAP” waypoint and navigate to it.

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3 - DIRECT-TO

Cancelling / Manual Course

Cancelling Direct-To Navigation

Once a direct-to is activated, the 400W-series will provide navigation guidance to the selected destination until the direct-to is replaced with a new direct-to or ﬂight plan, cancelled, or the unit is turned off.

To cancel a direct-to:

1. Press the direct-to key to display the select

direct-to waypoint page.

2. Press MENU to display the direct-to options

Specifying a Course to a Waypoint

Whenever you perform a direct-to, the 400Wseries will set a direct geodesic course to your selected destination. You can also manually deﬁne the course to your destination, using the “CRS” course ﬁeld on the select direct-to waypoint page.

To manually deﬁne the direct-to course:

1. Press the direct-to key.

2. Use the small and large right knobs to select

menu.

3. Press ENT to conﬁrm the selected waypoint,

3. With “Cancel Direct-To NAV?” highlighted,

press ENT. If a ﬂight plan is still active, the 400W-series will resume navigating the ﬂight plan along the closest leg.

4. Turn the small and large right knobs to select

the destination waypoint.

then turn the large right knob to highlight the course (“CRS”) ﬁeld.

the desired course and press ENT.

5. Press ENT again to begin navigation using the

selected destination and course.

6. To reselect a direct course from present position (or select a new manually-deﬁned course), simply press direct-to, followed by ENT twice.

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3 - DIRECT-TO

Selecting Direct-To a Holding Pattern

You may select a Direct-To course to a holding pat-

tern that is in your ﬂight plan.

To set a direct-to course to a holding pattern:

1. Press the FPL key to reach the active ﬂight plan

page.

2. Press the small right knob to activate the cursor. Turn the large right knob to highlight the hold leg of the ﬂight plan.

3. Press direct-to. “Activate” will be highlighted. Press ENT to activate a course Direct-To the holding pattern. Or, press CLR to cancel the process.

4. The holding pattern will now be set as your next waypoint.

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4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Flight Plan Catalog

Section 4

4. Turn the large right knob to select the point

Flight Plans

The

400W-series ent ﬂight plans, with up to 31 waypoints in each ﬂight plan. The ﬂight plan page group consists of two pages, accessed by pressing the Plan page shows the legs and details in the active ﬂight plan. The Flight Plan Catalog contains ﬂight plans that you have created and saved for future use. The ﬂight plan pages allow you to create, edit and copy ﬂight plans. There are separate options available in both the Active Flight Plan page and the Flight Catalog page.

Active Flight Plan Page

Flight Plan Catalog

The Flight Plan Catalog allows you to create, edit, activate, delete and copy ﬂight plans. Flight plans numbered from 1 through 19 are used to save ﬂight plans for future use. “Flight plan 00” is reserved exclusively for the ﬂight plan currently in use for navigation. Any time you activate a ﬂight plan, a copy of the ﬂight plan is automatically transferred to “ﬂight plan 00” and overwrites any previously active ﬂight plan.

lets you create up to 20 differ-

FPL

key. The Active Flight

Flight Plan Catalog Page

5. Use the small and large right knobs to enter

6. Once all changes have been made, press the

1. Press FPL and turn the small right knob to

where you wish to add the new waypoint. If an existing waypoint is highlighted, the new waypoint will be placed directly in front of this waypoint.

the identiﬁer of the new waypoint and press

ENT.

small right knob to return to the ﬂight plan

catalog.

To delete a waypoint from an existing ﬂight plan:

display the ﬂight plan catalog.

Flight Plan Catalog Editing

To add a waypoint to an existing ﬂight plan:

1. Press FPL and turn the small right knob to

display the ﬂight plan catalog.

2. Press the small right knob to activate the

cursor.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired ﬂight plan and press ENT.

2. Press the small right knob to activate the

cursor.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired ﬂight plan and press ENT.

4. Turn the large right knob to select the waypoint you wish to delete and press CLR to display a “remove waypoint” conﬁrmation window.

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4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Flight Plan Catalog

5. With “Yes” highlighted, press ENT to remove

the waypoint.

6. Once all changes have been made, press the

small right knob to return to the ﬂight plan catalog.

A one-line user comment may be added to any ﬂight plan, which will be displayed on the ﬂight plan catalog, next to the ﬂight plan’s number. By default, as the ﬂight plan is being created, the comment will show the ﬁrst and last waypoints in the ﬂight plan.

To change the comment line for an existing ﬂight plan:

1. From the ﬂight plan catalog, press the small right knob to activate the cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired ﬂight plan and press ENT.

3. Turn the large right knob to select the comment line at the top of the screen.

4. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the new comment. Press ENT when ﬁnished.

Flight Plan Catalog Options

The following options are available for the Flight

Plan Catalog:

• Activate Flight Plan

• Invert and Activate Flight Plan

• Create New Flight Plan

• Crossﬁll

• Copy Flight Plan

• Delete Flight Plan

• Delete All Flight Plans

• Sort List by Number/Comment

Activating Flight Plans

Activate Flight Plan? allows you to select the ﬂight plan for navigation guidance. Once a ﬂight plan is deﬁned through the Flight Plan Catalog, it may be activated for navigation. Activating the ﬂight plan places it into “ﬂight plan 00” and overwrites any previous information at that location.

To activate an existing ﬂight plan:

1. From the ﬂight plan catalog, press the small right knob to activate the cursor.

5. Once all changes have been made, press the

small right knob to return to the ﬂight plan catalog.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired ﬂight plan and press MENU to display the ﬂight plan catalog options.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Activate Flight Plan?” and press ENT.

Page 79

Inverting Flight Plans

Invert FPL? allows you to reverse the highlighted ﬂight plan and select it for navigation guidance. After travelling along a ﬂight plan, you may wish to reverse the route for navigation guidance back to your original departure point.

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Flight Plan Catalog Options

To activate an existing ﬂight plan in reverse order:

1. From the ﬂight plan catalog, press the small right knob to activate the cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired ﬂight plan and press MENU to display the ﬂight plan catalog options.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Invert FPL?” and press ENT. The original ﬂight plan will remain intact in its ﬂight plan catalog storage location.

Create a new ﬂight plan

Create New Flight Plan? allows you to create a new ﬂight plan. The new ﬂight plan will be saved in the Flight Plan Catalog.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Create New Flight Plan?” and press ENT.

4. A blank ﬂight plan page will appear for the ﬁrst empty storage location. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the identiﬁer of the departure waypoint and press ENT.

5. Repeat step #4 above to enter the identiﬁer for each additional ﬂight plan waypoint.

6. Once all waypoints have been entered, press the small right knob to return to the ﬂight plan catalog.

To create a new ﬂight plan:

1. Press FPL and turn the small right knob to

display the ﬂight plan catalog.

2. Press MENU to display the ﬂight plan catalog

options.

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4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Flight Plan Catalog Options

Crossﬁll

Crossﬁll? allows you to transfer a direct-to destination, the active ﬂight plan, any stored ﬂight plan or user waypoints to a second 400W-Series or 500WSeries Garmin unit. Some crossﬁll operations can be done automatically. If both units are set to “auto”, a change in the direct-to destination or active ﬂight plan on one unit will also be seen on the other.

To crossﬁll ﬂight plans between two 400W- or 500W-Series Garmin units:

1. Select the “Crossﬁll?” option from the ﬂight

plan catalog options and press ENT.

2. Turn the large right knob to select the

“Method” ﬁeld.

ﬂight plan, ﬂight plan, all user waypoints or a single user waypoint). When “Flight Plan” or “User Waypoint” is selected, a second ﬁeld will appear to the immediate right of the “Transfer” ﬁeld. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the number of the ﬂight plan or the name of the user waypoint you wish to transfer.

5. The “Cross-Side” ﬁeld allows you to designate the sending and receiving units in a crossﬁll operation. Turn the large right knob to select the “Cross-Side” ﬁeld, then turn the small

right knob, to select “To” or “From”. Press ENT to conﬁrm the selection.

6. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Initiate Transfer?” and press ENT.

3. Turn the small right knob to select “Auto” or “Manual” and press ENT. “Auto” will automatically transfer the active ﬂight plan or direct-to selection to another 400W- or 500Wseries Garmin unit, without user intervention.

4. If “Manual” is selected: Turn the large right knob to select the “Transfer” ﬁeld, then turn the small right knob to select the type of information to transfer between units (active

Copying Flight Plans

Copy Flight Plan? allows you to copy the selected ﬂight plan to a new ﬂight plan location. The copy function is useful for duplicating an existing ﬂight plan before making changes. If you want to save a ﬂight plan currently located in “ﬂight plan 0”, be sure to copy it to an open catalog location (1-19) before the ﬂight plan is cancelled, overwritten or erased.

To copy a ﬂight plan to another ﬂight plan cata-

log location:

1a. From the active ﬂight plan page, press MENU

to display the active flight plan options window.

Page 81

1b. From the ﬂight plan catalog, press the small

right knob to activate the cursor, turn the large right knob to highlight the ﬂight plan

you wish to copy, then press MENU to display the ﬂight plan catalog options.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Copy Flight Plan?” and press ENT.

3. By default, the next empty catalog location will be offered. To select a different location, turn the large right knob to select the ﬂight plan number, use the small and large right knobs to enter a different number and press ENT.

4. With “Yes?” highlighted, press ENT to copy the ﬂight plan.

Deleting Flight Plans

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Flight Plan Catalog Options

To delete a ﬂight plan:

1a. From the active ﬂight plan page, press MENU

to display the active flight plan options window.

or 1b. From the ﬂight plan catalog, press the small

right knob to activate the cursor, turn the large right knob to highlight the ﬂight plan

you wish to copy, then press MENU to display the ﬂight plan catalog options.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Delete Flight Plan?” and press ENT.

3. With “Yes?” highlighted, press ENT to delete the ﬂight plan.

Deleting All Flight Plans

Delete All Flight Plans? allows you to remove all

ﬂight plans from memory.

To delete all ﬂight plans:

1. Select the “Delete All Flight Plans?” option from the ﬂight plan catalog options and press ENT.

Delete Flight Plan? allows you to remove the selected ﬂight plan from memory. Deleting a ﬂight plan does not delete the individual waypoints contained in the ﬂight plan from the database or user waypoint memory. Once you are ﬁnished with a ﬂight plan, it can easily be deleted from the ﬂight plan catalog or the active ﬂight plan page.

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4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Flight Plan Catalog Options

2. A confirmation window will appear. With

“Yes?” highlighted, press ENT.

Active Flight Plan Page

The active ﬂight plan page provides information and editing functions for “ﬂight plan 00”— the ﬂight plan currently in use for navigation. Once you have activated a ﬂight plan, the active ﬂight plan page will show each waypoint for the ﬂight plan, along with the desired track (DTK) and distance (DIS) for each leg. The data ﬁelds for DTK and DIS are user-selectable and may be changed to display cumulative distance

Sort List By Number?/Sort List by Comment?

The sorting function allows you to select between a ﬂight plan catalog sorted numerically by the ﬂight plan number or sorted alphanumerically based upon the comment assigned to each ﬂight plan. When either

(CUM) to each waypoint, estimated time of arrival (ETA), estimated time en route (ETE) or en route safe altitude (ESA).

To change a data ﬁeld on the active ﬂight plan

page:

1. With the active ﬂight plan page displayed, press

option is selected, the other option will appear on the ﬂight plan catalog options window.

To sort the catalog listing by number or comment:

1. Select the “Sort List By Number?” or “Sort List By Comment?” option (whichever is currently displayed) from the ﬂight plan catalog options and press ENT.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight

MENU to display the active ﬂight plan page options window.

“Change Fields?” and press ENT.

3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the ﬁeld

you wish to change.

4. Turn the small right knob to select the desired data item and press ENT.

Page 83

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Active Flight Plan

5. Press the small right knob to remove the

cursor.

To restore factory default settings for data ﬁelds on the active ﬂight plan page:

1. With the active ﬂight plan page displayed, press

MENU to display the active ﬂight plan page options window.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Restore Defaults?” and press ENT.

Active Flight Plan Options

The following options (some covered on the pre-

ceding pages) are available for the active ﬂight plan:

• Activate Leg

• Crossﬁll

• Copy Flight Plan

• Invert Flight Plan

• Delete Flight Plan

• Select Approach

• Select Arrival

• Select Departure

• Remove Approach

• Remove Arrival

• Remove Departure

• Closest Point of Flight Plan

• Parallel Track

• Change Fields

• Restore Defaults

Activate Leg

Activate Leg? activates/reactivates the ﬂight plan and selects the highlighted leg as the “active leg” (the leg which will currently be used for navigation guidance).

To activate a ﬂight plan along a speciﬁc leg:

1. Press the small right knob to activate the

cursor and turn the large right knob to highlight

the desired destination waypoint.

2. Select the “Activate Leg?” option from the active flight plan page options and press ENT.

3. A confirmation window will appear. With “Activate?” highlighted, press ENT.

Crossﬁll

Crossﬁll? allows you to transfer the active ﬂight plan between two 400W- or 500W-series Garmin units in a dual unit installation. See the description on a previous page in the Flight Plan section.

Copy Flight Plan

Copy Flight Plan? copies the active ﬂight plan to a ﬂight plan catalog location. The copy function is useful for duplicating the active ﬂight plan before making changes. This feature is described earlier in this section.

Invert Flight Plan

Invert Flight Plan? reverses the active ﬂight plan.

This feature is described earlier in this section.

1. With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed,

press MENU to display the Active Flight Plan Page Options window.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Invert Flight Plan?” and press ENT.

Page 84

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Active Flight Plan Options

Delete Flight Plan

Delete Flight Plan?

allows you to remove all waypoints from the selected ﬂight plan. Deleting a ﬂight plan does not delete the waypoints contained in the ﬂight plan from the database or user waypoint memory.

This feature is described earlier in this sec-

tion.

1. With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed,

press MENU to display the Active Flight Plan Page Options window.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Delete Flight Plan?” and press ENT.

3. A window will appear with the message “Delete all ﬂight plans?”. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Yes” or “No”. Press ENT.

Select Approach

Select Approach? allows you to select a published instrument approach for the destination airport, or replace the current approach with a new selection. In many cases, you’ll ﬁnd it more convenient to select approaches using the PROC key Section 5 - Procedures

— as described in

2. A window will appear listing the available approaches for your destination airport. Turn the small right knob to highlight the desired approach and press ENT.

3. A second window will appear listing available transitions for the approach. Turn the small right knob to highlight the desired transition waypoint and press ENT. (The “Vectors” option assumes you will receive vectors to the ﬁnal course segment of the approach and will provide navigation guidance to intercept this ﬁnal course.)

To select an approach for a direct-to or ﬂight plan destination airport:

1. Press MENU and choose the “Select

Approach?” option from the active ﬂight plan page options with the large right knob and press ENT.

4. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Load?” or “Activate?” and press ENT. “Load?” will add the approach to the ﬂight plan without immediately using the approach for navigation guidance. This allows you to continue navigat-

Page 85

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Active Flight Plan Options

ing the original ﬂight plan until cleared for the approach—but, keeps the approach available for quick activation when needed.

5. For approaches not approved for GPS, a reminder window will appear indicating that GPS guidance on such approaches is strictly for monitoring only. To conﬁrm this reminder, highlight “Yes?” and press ENT.

Select Arrival

Select Arrival? allows you to select a published standard terminal arrival route (STAR) for the destination airport, or replace the current arrival with a new selection.

To select an arrival for a direct-to or ﬂight plan destination airport:

1. Select the “Select Arrival?” option from the active ﬂight plan page options and press ENT.

3. A second window will appear listing available

runways for the transition. Turn the small right knob to highlight the desired runway and press ENT.

4. With “Load?” highlighted, press ENT.

Select Departure

Select Departure? allows you to select a published standard instrument departure (SID) for the departure airport, or replace the current departure with a new selection. When using a direct-to, the 400W-series

will use the nearest airport

as a reference when displaying available departures. See Sec 5 - Procedures for information

on selecting departures using

the PROC key.

2. A window will appear listing the available transitions for your destination airport. Turn the small right knob to highlight the desired transition waypoint and press ENT.

To select a departure for the departure airport:

1. Select the “Select Departure?” option from the active ﬂight plan page options and press ENT.

2. A window will appear listing the available departures for your departure airport. Turn the small right knob to select the desired departure and press ENT.

3. A second window will appear listing available transitions for the departure. Turn the small right knob to highlight the desired transition waypoint and press ENT.

4. With “Load?” highlighted, press ENT.

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4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Active Flight Plan Options

Remove Approach, Arrival, or Departure

Remove Approach? deletes the currently selected approach from the active ﬂight plan. Remove Arrival? deletes the current Arrival (STAR) from the active ﬂight plan. Remove Departure? deletes the current departure (SID) from the active ﬂight plan.

To remove an approach, arrival or departure from the active ﬂight plan:

1. Press MENU and turn the large right knob

to select the “Remove Approach?”, “Remove Arrival?” or “Remove Departure?” option from the active ﬂight plan page options and press ENT.

2. A conﬁrmation window will appear listing the procedure you are about to remove. With “Yes?” highlighted, press ENT.

To determine the closest point, along the active ﬂight plan, to a selected waypoint:

1. Select the “Closest Point of FPL?” option from the active ﬂight plan page options and press ENT.

2. A window will appear with the reference waypoint ﬁeld highlighted. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the identiﬁer of the reference waypoint and press ENT.

3. A conﬁrmation window will appear for the selected reference waypoint. Press ENT to accept the waypoint.

4. The 400W-series will display the bearing (BRG) and distance (DIST) to the closest point along the ﬂight plan, from the selected reference waypoint. To create a user waypoint at this location and add it to the ﬂight plan, highlight “Load?” and press ENT. The name for the new user waypoint will be derived from the identiﬁer of the reference waypoint.

Closest Point of FPL

Closest Point of FPL? calculates the bearing and closest distance that a flight plan will pass from a reference waypoint. May also be used to create a new user waypoint along the flight plan at the location closest to the reference waypoint.

Page 87

4 - FLIGHT PLANS

WPT

FROM

WPT

North

BRG

Parallel Track Distance

Course

DTK

Offset

WPT

Offset FROM

WPT

Active Flight Plan Options

Parallel Track

Parallel Track? allows you to create a parallel

1. With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed,

course offset of 1 to 99 NM to the left or right of your current ﬂight plan. After setting a parallel track to your current ﬂight plan, a magenta parallel track line will be drawn offset from the original by the selected distance. The original course line will be drawn in white. The aircraft will navigate to the parallel track course line.

When you reach the end of the ﬂight plan, an annunciator message will state “PTK END X S”. The message will give the pilot sufﬁcient time to intercept

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Parallel

the original course.

Points to remember with Parallel Track:

3. Turn the small and large right knobs to

• You must have an active ﬂight plan

• The current leg must support parallel track

• Parallel track is not allowed for the active leg of an approach

• Parallel track is not allowed if the active leg is not a track-to-ﬁx or direct-to-ﬁx leg

• Parallel track may be allowed but not the selected offset distance

To set a parallel track to your ﬂight plan.

press MENU to display the Active Flight Plan Page Options window.

Select “Parallel Track?” to set a parallel track

to your current ﬂight plan.

Track?” and press ENT.

set the Offset Distance value and then press

ENT.

Turn the small and large knobs to select the

parallel track distance from your current

ﬂight plan.

4. Turn the large right knob to highlight the

Offset Direction.

5. Turn the small right knob to select the desired Offset Direction and press ENT.

Turn the small and large knobs to select the

parallel track direction from your current

ﬂight plan.

6. Activate? is highlighted. Press ENT to activate the selected Parallel Track. Or, press CLR or the CRSR to cancel Parallel Track selection.

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4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Active Flight Plan Shortcuts

To cancel a parallel track to your ﬂight plan.

1. With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed,

press MENU to display the Active Flight Plan Page Options window.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Parallel Track?” and press ENT.

3. “Cancel?” is highlighted. Press ENT.

Change Fields

Change Fields? allows you to select the desired

data items to display on the active ﬂight plan page.

1. With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed, press MENU to display the Active Flight Plan Page Options window.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Change Fields?” and press ENT. The ﬁeld active for selection will ﬂash. Turn the large right knob to highlight the ﬁeld to change.

Shortcuts

A number of shortcuts are available to save time when using the active ﬂight plan page. These shortcuts speed the process of removing approaches, departures, and arrivals, and aid in selecting a speciﬁc ﬂight plan leg for navigation guidance.

On the preceding page, options to remove approaches, departures and arrivals were introduced. This process may also be completed using the CLR key, as described below and illustrated at left.

To remove an approach, departure, or arrival

using the CLR key:

1. With the active ﬂight plan page displayed, press

the small right knob to activate the cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the

title for the approach, departure or arrival you wish to delete. Titles will appear in light blue directly above the procedure’s waypoints.

3. Turn the small right knob to open the list of

selections and continue turning it to highlight the desired selection and then press ENT.

Restore Defaults

Restore Defaults? returns the data items to fac-

tory defaults.

1. With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed,

press MENU to display the Active Flight Plan Page Options window.

2. Turn the small right knob to highlight “Restore Defaults?” and then press ENT.

3. Press CLR to display a conﬁrmation window.

4. With “Yes?” highlighted, press ENT to remove

the selected procedure.

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4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Active Flight Plan Shortcuts

This same process may also be used to remove

individual waypoints from the active ﬂight plan.

To remove a waypoint using the CLR key:

1. With the active ﬂight plan page displayed, press the small right knob to activate the cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the identiﬁer for the waypoint you wish to delete. Identiﬁers will appear in green text.

3. Press CLR to display a conﬁrmation window.

4. With “Yes?” highlighted, press ENT to remove the selected procedure.

The “Activate Leg?” provides a shortcut that allows you to specify which leg of the ﬂight plan will currently be used for navigation guidance, using the direct-to key.

To activate a speciﬁc leg of the active ﬂight plan:

1. Press the small right knob to activate the cursor and turn the large right knob to high- light the desired destination waypoint.

2. Press direct-to twice to display an “Activate

Leg” conﬁrmation window.

3. With “Activate?” highlighted, press ENT.

When using instrument procedures, this feature can be used not only to activate a speciﬁc point-topoint leg, but to also activate the procedure turn portion of an approach, follow a DME arc or activate a holding pattern.

Any approach, departure or arrival can be reviewed on the appropriate airport page in the Waypoint page group.

To review a procedure while viewing a ﬂight plan

page:

1. With a ﬂight plan page displayed, press the

small right knob to activate the cursor.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the procedure header and press ENT to select the WPT page group.

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4 - FLIGHT PLANS

Active Flight Plan Shortcuts

Blank Page

Page 91

Section 5

Approaches, Departures, & Arrivals

The 400W-series unit allows you to ﬂy non-precision and precision approaches to airports with published instrument approach procedures. All available approaches are stored on your Jeppesen NavData® card, and are automatically updated when you replace the card with a new one. Subscription information for NavData cards is included in your 400W-series package.

The Procedures Page is displayed by pressing the PROC key. The Procedures Page provides direct access to approaches, departures and arrivals — based upon the active ﬂight plan or direct-to destination. In either case, the departure and destination airports must have published procedures associated with them.

To select an approach, departure or arrival:

1. Press the PROC key to display the procedures page.

5 - PROCEDURES

Approaches/Departures/Arrivals

4. A second window will appear listing the avail-

able transitions. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired transition waypoint and press ENT. (The approach “Vectors” option assumes you will receive vectors to the ﬁnal course segment of the approach and will provide navigation guidance relative to the ﬁnal approach course.)

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Select

Approach?”, “Select Departure?” or “Select Arrival?” and press ENT.

3. A window will appear listing the available pro-

cedures. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired procedure and press ENT. (When a direct-to destination is selected, departures are offered for the nearest airport.)

5. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Load?”

or “Activate?” (approaches only) and press ENT. “Load?” will add the procedure to the ﬂight plan without immediately using it for navigation guidance. This allows you to continue navigating the original ﬂight plan, but keeps the procedure available on the active ﬂight plan page for quick activation when needed to later activate a departure or arrival.

6. For precision approaches and some nonprecision approaches, a reminder window will appear indicating that GPS guidance on such approaches is strictly for monitoring only — use the VLOC receivers and external CDI (or HSI) for primary navigation. To confirm this reminder, highlight “Yes?” and press ENT.

Page 92

5 - PROCEDURES

Activating Approaches

Not all approaches in the database are approved for GPS use. As you select an approach, a “

” designa-

tion to the right of the procedure

name indicates the procedure can be ﬂown using the GPS receiver. Some procedures will not have this designation, meaning the GPS receiver may be used for supplemental navigation guidance only. ILS approaches, for example, must be ﬂown by tuning the VLOC receiver to the proper frequency and coupling the VLOC receiver to the external CDI (or HSI).

Once an approach is selected, it may be activated for navigation from the procedures page. Activating the approach overrides the “en route” portion of the active ﬂight plan, proceeding directly to the “approach” portion (for a full approach, directly to the initial approach ﬁx). Activating the approach also initiates automatic CDI scaling transition as the approach progresses.

To activate an approach:

1. Press the PROC key to display the procedures

page.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Activate Approach?” and press ENT.

approach while still some distance away, en route to the destination airport. Later, if vectored to ﬁnal, use the steps above to select “Activate Vectors-To-Final”— which makes the inbound course to the FAF waypoint active. Otherwise, activate the full approach using the ”Activate Approach?” option.

ﬂown using the PROC key, prior to reaching the MAP a Restart Approach conﬁrmation window appears on the screen. If you have passed the MAP, the 400Wseries unit proceeds to the transition waypoint without a restart conﬁrmation.

To activate the approach, with vectors to ﬁnal:

1. Press the PROC key to display the procedures

page.

2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Activate Vector-To-Final?” and press ENT.

In many cases, it may be easiest to “Load” the full

If you reactivate the approach currently being

Another procedures page option allows you to activate the ﬁnal course segment of the approach. This option assumes you will receive vectors to the ﬁnal approach course and guides you to intercept the ﬁnal course, before reaching the FAF.

Page 93

5 - PROCEDURES

Basic Approach Operations

The 400W-series provides precision and non-precision approach guidance using its built-in GPS receiver. The moving map pages can also be used as a supplemental aid to situational awareness for ILS, VOR, and NDB approaches (and non-precision localizer-based approaches), but the localizer and glideslope receivers MUST be used for primary approach course guidance. The 400W-series also provides GPS precision capability, known as LPV and LNAV/VNAV approaches. LNAV+V approaches provide vertical guidance but are not precision approaches.

Approaches designed speciﬁcally for GPS are often very simple and don’t require overﬂying a VOR or NDB. Currently, many non-precision approaches have “GPS overlays” to let you ﬂy an existing procedure (VOR, VOR/DME, NDB, RNAV, etc.) more accurately using GPS. To date, there are over 2,400 GPS-only approaches and over 2,900 GPS overlay approaches worldwide.

Many overlay approaches are more complex (in comparison to GPS-only approaches). The 400Wseries unit displays and guides you through each leg of the approach — automatically sequencing through each of these legs, up to the missed approach point (MAP). Approaches may be ﬂown “as published” with the full transition — using any published feeder route or initial approach ﬁx (IAF) — or may be ﬂown with a vectors-to-ﬁnal transition.

Flight mode annunciations are provided in the lower left corner of the display indicating the current mode of ﬂight.

Annunciation Description

LPV Follow lateral and vertical guidance to LPV

minimums. A yellow background indicates the current VPL and/or HPL values are not adequate for the approach and is an early indication that downgrading will occur if conditions do not improve.

L/VNAV GPS approach identiﬁed in the database as

LNAV/VNAV. Fly to LNAV/VNAV minimums.

LNAV+V Non-precision GPS approach with advanced

vertical guidance. Note that some LNAV/ VNAV approaches are not yet marked in the database as such and will show up as LNAV+V. If the chart shows the approach as LNAV/VNAV, it can be ﬂown to LNAV/VNAV minimums.

LNAV Non-precision GPS approach or non-GPS

approach, such as ILS or Localizer.

MAPR Missed Approach, indicates the system is

providing missed approach integrity and CDI full-scale deﬂection ±0.3NM. This also shows that the pilot has initiated a Missed Approach by pressing the OBS key after crossing the MAP.

ENR En route, CDI full-scale deﬂection is 2.0 NM

or current CDI scale selection, whichever is smaller.

TERM Terminal, CDI full-scale deﬂection is 1.0 NM

or current CDI scale selection, whichever is smaller.

DPRT Departure, indicates the system is using

non-precision approach integrity. HAL = 0.3 and CDI full-scale deﬂection is 0.3 NM.

OCN Oceanic, CDI full-scale deﬂection is 2.0 NM.

LOW ALT

(lower window)

In LNAV+V, LNAV/VNAV, or LPV approaches, the LOW ALT annunciation indicates the aircraft’s estimated height is lower than the Final Approach waypoint height by more than the current VPL plus 50 meters.

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5 - PROCEDURES

Procedure Turn Approach

Approach operations on the 400W-series will typi-

cally begin with the same basic steps:

Select Destination

“Select” and “Load” the approach

“Activate” the approach

DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION

1. Select the destination airport using the directto key, or as the last waypoint in the active

ﬂight plan.

2. Choose the “Select Approach?” option from the procedures page or from the active ﬂight plan options.

3. “Load” the approach (often while en route) in anticipation of its future use. This places the approach in the active ﬂight plan, but retains course guidance in the en route section until the approach is “activated”.

4. “Activate” the full approach or vectors-to-ﬁnal, as appropriate. In some scenarios, you may ﬁnd it more convenient to immediately activate the approach and skip the “Load” process outlined above in step #3. The 400W-series provides both options.

Page 95

Approaches with Procedure Turns

[RW04]

The procedure turn portion of an approach is stored as one of the legs of the approach. For this reason, the 400W-series requires no special operations from the pilot — other than ﬂying the procedure turn itself — beyond what is required for any other type of approach.

This example uses the VOR Runway 04 GPS approach for Lynchburg (Virginia) Regional Airport, KLYH, and assumes a departure from Frederick (Maryland) Municipal Airport, KFDK. The steps required to set up and ﬂy the approach are detailed below:

1. Prior to departing KFDK, the destination (KLYH)

is selected using the direct-to key or by creating a ﬂight plan terminating at Lynchburg Regional.

2. While en route to KLYH, some 40-50 nautical miles away, you select the ATIS frequency to monitor airport conditions and runway usage. This is accomplished by selecting the NAVCOM page and selecting the ATIS frequency from the list. This places the frequency on standby. Use the COM ﬂip-ﬂop key to make the ATIS frequency active.

5 - PROCEDURES

Procedure Turn Approach

4. Once you are cleared for the approach, press

the PROC key, select “Activate Approach?” and press ENT.

Lynchburg (VA) Regional

VOR or GPS Rwy 0







3. From ATIS you learn that runway 04 is in use and plan your approach accordingly. Press the PROC key and select the “VOR 04-GPS” approach. From the transitions window, select LYH VOR (the IAF). Also, select “Load?” to load (but not activate) the approach.

DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION

Page 96

5 - PROCEDURES

Procedure Turn Approach

Flying the Procedure Turn

1. Within 31 nautical miles of the destination airport, the 400W-series will switch from “en route” mode to “terminal” mode (as indicated in the lower left corner of the screen). The switch to terminal mode is accompanied by a gradual Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) scale transition from 2.0 to 1.0 nautical miles, full scale deﬂection. (See example below)

2. Several miles prior to reaching the IAF (LYH), you may wish to review the approach sequence. Press the FPL key to display the active ﬂight plan page. Press the small right knob, and then turn the large right knob to review each segment of the approach. When ﬁnished, press FPL again to return to the previous page.

3. As you approach the IAF (LYH), a waypoint alert (“LT TO 205° x S”) will appear in the lower right corner of the screen. As the distance (DIS) to the IAF approaches zero, the alert is replaced by a turn advisory (“LT TO 205° NOW”). The unit will guide you automatically, or you can dial the outbound course of 205° into the CDI (or HSI) using the OBS knob and initiate a standard rate turn to this course heading.

4. Fly the outbound course, keeping the CDI needle centered.

5. Once you have ﬂown approximately one minute past the FAF (LYH), the alert message “ 160° x S

” will appear in the lower right corner

LT TO

of the screen. You may initiate the procedure turn at any time after receiving this alert message.

Page 97

RW04

31 nm



5 - PROCEDURES

Procedure Turn Approach

sensing along the ﬁnal course segment and “DTK 025° NOW” will appear in the lower right corner of the screen.

8. As the CDI needle starts to center, make a right turn to 025°—the ﬁnal approach course.







DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION

6. Turn left to a heading of 160° to initiate the procedure turn. Course guidance is provided relative to the outbound leg from the FAF. (The procedure turn is displayed on the map page and indicated as the active leg on the default NAV and active ﬂight plan pages.) The CDI needle will start moving to the right.

7. After approximately one minute, make a 180° right turn to a heading of 340° to intercept the inbound course. The unit will sequence to the inbound leg to the FAF, the CDI needle will swing to the opposite side to provide proper

9. When within 45° of the ﬁnal approach course and the FAF is the TO waypoint, the 400Wseries unit switches from terminal mode to “approach” mode. CDI scaling is tightened from

1.0 NM full scale deﬂection to either 0.3 nautical mile or 2° full scale deﬂection whichever is less at the FAF. The change occurs over 2 NM and is completed by the FAF.

10. As you approach the FAF, a waypoint alert in the lower right corner (“NEXT DTK 025°”) will appear. Make any course adjustments necessary for the ﬁnal course segment (FAF to MAP).

11. As you cross the FAF, the destination sequences to the MAP (“RW03”, the runway threshold). With the needle centered, ﬂy toward the MAP, observing the altitude minimums dictated by the approach plate.

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5 - PROCEDURES

RW04

Missed Approach

DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION











pended at the MAP. A “from” indication will be displayed on the CDI and default NAV page, but course guidance along the final approach course will continue. If a missed approach is required, use the OBS key to initiate the missed approach sequence.

Flying the Missed Approach

After you pass the MAP, if the runway isn’t in sight you must execute a missed approach. The 400W-series continues to give guidance along an extension of the ﬁnal course segment (FAF to MAP) until you manually initiate the missed approach procedure (as mentioned previously in reference to the “SUSP” advisory).



NOTE: When viewing the map page, note that the ﬁnal course segment is displayed in magenta (the active leg of the ﬂight plan always appears in magenta) and a dashed line extends the course beyond the MAP. The dashed line is provided for situational awareness only and should NOT be used for navigation. Follow the published missed approach procedures.

12. As you approach the MAP, a waypoint alert (“ARRIVING WPT”) will appear in the lower right corner.

13. As you cross the MAP, “SUSP” will appear above the OBS key, indicating that automatic sequencing of approach waypoints will be sus-







DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION

NOTE: It is the pilot’s responsibility for initial missed approach guidance in accordance with published procedure. The unit may not provide correct guidance until established on a deﬁned leg.

Page 99

The OBS key is used to initiate the missed approach,

as follows:

1. Press the OBS key after the SUSP annunciator appears. If you press the OBS key a second time, the missed approach holding point (MAHP; in this case “SWARM” intersection) is automatically offered as the destination waypoint.

NOTE: In some cases, an additional hold waypoint is added to the missed approach sequence. This additional waypoint is used as an aid in establishing the holding pattern— especially where the MAP and MAHP are the same waypoint.

2. Follow the missed approach procedures, as published on your approach plate, for proper climb and heading instructions. The 400Wseries unit will guide you to the holding pattern, along the 053° radial from LYH VOR.

3. An alert message in the lower right hand corner of the screen will recommend entry procedures for the holding pattern (i.e., “HOLD DIRECT”, “HOLD PARALLEL”, or “HOLD TEARDROP”). As you ﬂy the holding pattern, a timer appears on the default NAV page. The timer automatically resets on the outbound side of the hold when you are abeam the hold waypoint. The timer again resets as you turn inbound (within approximately 30° of the inbound course). This allows you to use standard timing (typically one minute) to ﬂy the inbound and outbound legs of the hold.

5 - PROCEDURES

Approach with Hold

4. The 400W-series unit will provide course guidance only on the inbound side of the holding pattern. When leaving the holding pattern to re-ﬂy the approach (or another approach) press the PROC key to “Select Approach?” or “Activate Approach?” as previously described. (Or, use the direct-to key to select another destination.)

Flying an Approach with a Hold

Starting where the previous example left off, we’ll assume weather conditions resulted in a missed approach at Lynchburg Regional. Now, you’ve decided to divert to Farmville Regional (KFVX) instead.

1. Press direct-to.

2. Use the small and large right knobs to enter

the destination airport’s identiﬁer (KFVX).

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5 - PROCEDURES

Approach with Hold

Farmville (VA) Regional

GPS Rwy 21



DO NOT USE FOR

NAVIGATION

3. Press ENT twice.

This time, you select the GPS runway 21 approach into Farmville Regional. The GPS runway 21 approach begins with a holding pattern at the IAF, BODRY intersection.

4. Press PROC and select the “GPS 21”

approach.

6. Once you activate the approach, the active ﬂight plan page will appear. You may review the approach sequence by pressing the small right knob and turning the large right knob. Press FPL to return to the navigation pages.

7. As in the last example, within 31 nautical miles of the airport, the 400W-series unit will switch from en route mode to terminal mode, and the CDI scale will transition from 2.0 to 1.0 nautical miles, full scale deﬂection.

5. From the transitions window, select BODRY intersection as the IAF. Also, select “Activate?” to load and activate the approach.

NOTE: Upon activating an RNAV GPS approach, you are given the option to skip any non-required holding patterns during the initial transitions of the approach. In a GPS approach, you will not be given the option and you must manually reselect waypoint sequencing.

8. Just prior to crossing BODRY intersection, an alert—”HOLD TEARDROP”—will appear in the lower right corner of the screen to suggest the proper holding pattern entry. (“HOLD DIRECT” or “HOLD PARALLEL” may be offered on other similar approaches.)

Garmin GNS 430AW, GPS 400W Pilot’s Guide & Reference

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Cautions

Introduction

Accessories and Packing List

Limited Warranty

Model Descriptions

GPS 400W

GNC 420W/420AW

GNS 430W/430AW

Takeoff Tour

Key and Knob Functions

Left-hand Keys and Knobs

Right-hand Keys and Knobs

Bottom Row Keys

Power On

Powering up the 400W-Series Unit

Instrument Panel Self-Test

Fuel On Board and Checklists

Acquiring Satellites / Messages

Selecting COM and VLOC Frequencies

Page Groups

Nav Pages

Default Nav Page

Map Page

NAVCOM Page

Direct-To Navigation

IFR Procedures

Nearest (NRST) Pages

Nearest Airport

Nearest Airspace Page

Flight Plans

Squelch

Volume

Com Window and Tuning

Auto-Tuning

Emergency Channel

Stuck Microphone

Main Page Groups

NAV Page Group

Default Nav Page

Selecting Desired On-Screen Data

Map Page

Restoring Factory Settings

Dual Unit Considerations

Map Symbols

Map Range

Map Page Auto Zoom

Map Panning

Map Direct-To

Airspace Information on the Map

Map Page Options

Map Setup

Data Fields on the Map

Selecting Desired On-Screen Data

Terrain Operation

Restoring Factory Settings

Terrain Limitations

Terrain Page

Inhibit Mode

Terrain Symbols

Color Interpretation

General Database Information

Database Updates

Database Versions

Navigation Database

Terrain/Obstacle Database Areas of Coverage

Terrain Phase of Flight

Nearest Airport Criteria & Terrain Phase of Flight

TERRAIN Destination Airport

Terrain Alerts

Pop-up Alerts

Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance

Premature Descent Alerting (PDA)

“TERRAIN Not Available” Alert

NAVCOM Page

Position Page

Restoring Factory Settings