Garmin GHP 20 with SmartPump Installation Instructions
GHP™ 20 SmartPump Installation
Instructions
To obtain the best possible performance and to avoid damage
to your boat, install the Garmin® marine autopilot system
according to these instructions. Professional installation of the
autopilot system is highly recommended. Specific training in
steering systems and in marine electrical connections is
required to properly install the autopilot system.
Read all installation instructions before proceeding with the
installation. If you experience difficulty during the installation,
contact Garmin Product Support (page 20).
Important Safety Information
WARNING
See the Important Safety and Product Information guide in the
product box for product warnings and other important
information.
You are responsible for the safe and prudent operation of your
vessel. The autopilot is a tool that will enhance your capability to
operate your boat. It does not relieve you from the responsibility
of safely operating your boat. Avoid navigational hazards and
never leave the helm unattended.
Always be prepared to promptly regain manual control of your
boat.
Learn to operate the autopilot on calm and hazard-free open
water.
Use caution when operating the autopilot near hazards in the
water, such as docks, pilings, and other boats.
CAUTION
Failure to install and maintain this equipment in accordance with
these instructions could result in damage or injury.
Equipment to be connected to this product should have a fire
enclosure or be provided with a fire enclosure.
Always wear safety goggles, ear protection, and a dust mask
when drilling, cutting, or sanding.
Installation Preparation
CAUTION
Always wear safety goggles, ear protection, and a dust mask
when drilling, cutting, or sanding.
NOTICE
When drilling or cutting, always check what is on the opposite
side of the surface.
The autopilot system consists of multiple components.
Familiarize yourself with all of the component mounting and
connection considerations before beginning installation. You
must know how the components operate together in order to
correctly plan the installation on your boat.
You can consult the layout diagrams (page 3) to help
understand the mounting and connection considerations.
Record the serial number of each component for registration
and warranty purposes (page 20).
Tools Needed
• Safety glasses
• Drill and drill bits
• Wrenches
• 3½ in. (90 mm) hole saw
• Wire cutters/strippers
• Phillips and flat screwdrivers
• Cable ties
• Waterproof wire connectors (wire nuts) or heat shrink tubing
and a heat gun
• Marine sealant
• Marine corrosion inhibitor spray
• Portable or handheld compass (to test for magnetic
interference)
• Hydraulic hose with machine-crimped or field-replaceable
fittings that have a minimum rating of 1000 lbf/in
• Hydraulic T-fittings
• Inline hydraulic shut-off valves
• Hydraulic fluid
• Thread sealant
• Hydraulic bleeding equipment
• Anti-seize lubricant (optional)
NOTE: Mounting screws are provided for the helm control,
course computer unit (CCU), and pump. If the provided screws
are not appropriate for the mounting surface, you must provide
the correct types of screws.
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Mounting and Connection Considerations
The autopilot components connect to each other and to power
using the included cables. Ensure that the correct cables reach
each component and that each component is in an acceptable
location before mounting or wiring any components.
CCU Mounting Considerations
• The course computer unit (CCU), or compass ball, must be
mounted in the forward half of the boat, no higher than 10 ft.
(3 m) above the waterline.
• The CCU (or the pump) must not be mounted in a location
where it will be submerged or exposed to wash-down.
• The CCU must not be mounted near magnetic material,
magnets (speakers and electric motors), or high-current
wires.
• The CCU must be mounted at least 24 in. (0.6 m) away from
movable or changing magnetic disturbances such as
anchors, anchor chains, wiper motors, and tool boxes.
• A handheld compass should be used to test for magnetic
interference in the area where the CCU is to be mounted.
If the handheld compass does not point north when you hold
it where you want to mount the CCU, there is magnetic
interference. Choose another location and test again.
• The CCU can be mounted below the waterline if it is not in a
location where it will be submerged or exposed to washdown.
• The CCU bracket must be mounted on a vertical surface or
under a horizontal surface, so the connected wires hang
straight down.
• Mounting screws are included with the CCU. You must
provide different screws if the supplied screws are not
suitable for the mounting surface.
CCU Connection Considerations
• The CCU cable connects the CCU to the pump and is 16 ft.
(5 m) long.
◦ If the CCU cannot be mounted within 16 ft. (5 m) of the
pump, replacement and extension cables are available
from your local Garmin dealer or at http://buy.garmin.com.
◦ The CCU cable must not be cut.
Alarm Mounting and Connection Considerations
• The alarm should be mounted near the primary helm station.
September 2012
190-01454-02_0B Printed in Taiwan
• The alarm can be mounted under the dashboard.
• If needed, the alarm wires can be extended with 28 AWG
(0.08 mm2) wire.
NMEA 2000® Connection Considerations
• The CCU and the helm control must connect to a NMEA
2000 network.
• If your boat does not already have a NMEA 2000 network,
one can be built using the included NMEA 2000 cables and
connectors (page 12).
• To use the advanced features of the autopilot, optional
NMEA 2000-compatible devices, such as a wind sensor, a
water-speed sensor, or a GPS device, can be connected to
the NMEA 2000 network.
Helm Control Mounting Considerations
• The mounting location should provide optimal viewing as you
operate your vessel.
• The mounting location should allow easy access to the keys
on the helm control.
• The mounting surface must be strong enough to support the
weight of the helm control and protect it from excessive
vibration or shock.
• The area behind the mounting surface must allow room for
the routing and connection of the cables.
• There should be at least a 3 in. (8 cm) clearance behind the
case of the helm control.
• The mounting location must be at least 9½ in. (241 mm) from
a magnetic compass, to avoid interference.
• The mounting location must be in an area that is not exposed
to extreme temperature conditions (page 18).
Helm Control Connection Considerations
• The helm control must connect to the NMEA 2000 network.
• Optional NMEA® 0183-compatible devices, such as wind
sensors, water-speed sensors, or GPS devices can be
connected to the helm control using a data cable
(page 13).
Pump Mounting Considerations
Consult the hydraulic-layout diagrams starting on page 6 to
help determine the pump-installation location.
• The pump must be mounted at a location to which you can
extend the hydraulic steering lines of the boat.
• The pump has five hydraulic-connector fittings, although only
three are used when installing the pump as recommended.
The illustration on page 2 may be helpful when
determining the fitting layout that is best for your installation
location.
Pump Hydraulic Considerations
NOTICE
When adding hydraulic line to the system, use only hose with
machine-crimped or field-replaceable fittings that have a
minimum rating of 1000 lbf/in² (6,895 kPa).
Do not use plumber’s tape on any hydraulic fitting. Use an
appropriate thread sealant rated for marine use on all pipe
threads in the hydraulic system.
Do not attempt to use the autopilot to steer the boat until you
bleed all air from each part of the hydraulic system.
used instead of installing shutoff valves. See page 2 for more
information on the fittings and alternate connection methods.
Pump Valves and Fittings
The pump can be connected to the hydraulic system using one
of two methods. The recommended three-connector method
uses only the C1 À and C2 Á fittings, with a T-connector
splitting the connection between the helm and cylinder. The
return line fitting  connects to only the helm. The check valves
should not be reconfigured if the boat is equipped with a
Ã
balanced cylinder. If the boat is equipped with an unbalanced
cylinder, the check valves must be reconfigured (page 2).
The bypass valve Ä is opened only for hydraulic bleeding, and
must be fully tightened during normal operation.
If necessary, the H1 Å and H2 Æ fittings can be used with the
recommended three-connector installation instead of the C1
and C2 fittings.
Alternatively, the pump can be installed using all five
connectors. This installation option uses the C1 and C2 fittings
to connect the pump to the cylinder and the H1 and H2 fittings
to connect the pump to the helm. This type of installation is not
recommended, because the pump cannot be removed for
service without disabling the steering system of the boat.
Configuring the Pump for an Unbalanced Cylinder
NOTICE
To avoid damage to the pump, keep all parts clean and free of
dust and debris while configuring the pump for an unbalancedcylinder steering system.
If you remove the check valves after bleeding the hydraulic
system, you must bleed it again. Reconfiguring the check valves
may introduce air into the hydraulic system.
If the boat has an unbalanced cylinder steering system, you
must configure the pump to work properly with the steering
system.
Remove the check valves À from the pump manifold.
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Consult the hydraulic-layout diagrams starting on page 6 to
help determine how to best install the pump in the hydraulic
system of the boat.
The recommended pump installation method requires the
installation of T-fittings and shutoff valves so the pump can be
removed for service without disabling the steering system. This
type of installation will use only three of the five ports on the
manifold. Although it is not recommended, all five ports can be
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Pull the pistons Á out of the pump manifold.
2
The pump is configured from the factory with the pistons in
the balanced configuration Â.
Remove the o-rings à from the pistons and discard them.
3
If you cannot easily pull the o-rings from the pistons, you
may need to cut them.
Re-insert the pistons into the pump manifold in the
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unbalanced configuration Ä.
Insert the check valves into the pump manifold, and tighten
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them.
Shadow Drive™ Mounting Considerations
• The Shadow Drive must be mounted horizontally and as
level as possible, with cable ties firmly securing it in place.
• The Shadow Drive must be mounted at least 12 in. (305 mm)
away from magnetic material, such as speakers and electric
motors.
• The Shadow Drive should be mounted closer to the helm
than to the pump.
• The Shadow Drive should be mounted lower than the helm,
but higher than the pump.
• The Shadow Drive must not be connected directly to the
fitting at the back of the helm. There must be a length of
hose between the fitting at the helm and the Shadow Drive.
• The Shadow Drive must not be connected directly to a
hydraulic T-connector in the hydraulic line. There must be a
length of hose between a T-connector and the Shadow
Drive.
• In a single-helm installation, there must not be a T-connector
between the helm and the Shadow Drive.
• In a dual-helm installation, the Shadow Drive should be
installed between the pump and the lower helm, closer to the
helm than to the pump.
• The Shadow Drive can be installed in either the starboard
steering line or the port steering line.
The Shadow Drive must not be installed in the return line.
Power and Data Layout
WARNING
When connecting the power cable, do not remove the in-line fuse holder. To prevent the possibility of injury or product damage
caused by fire or overheating, the appropriate fuse must be in place as indicated in the product specifications. In addition,
connecting the power cable without the appropriate fuse in place will void the product warranty.
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Item Description Important Considerations
Helm control
À
CCU This is the compass ball.
Á
Helm control data cable This cable should be installed only if you are connecting the autopilot to optional NMEA 0183-compatible devices,
Â
NMEA 2000 network The helm control and the CCU must be connected to a NMEA 2000 network using the included T-connectors
Ã
CCU cable To extend this cable to reach the pump, purchase the necessary extensions (page 1).
Ä
Pump This diagram does not show any hydraulic connections. See page 6 for hydraulic-layout diagrams.
Å
NMEA 2000 power
Æ
cable
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such as a wind sensor, a water-speed sensor, or a GPS device (page 13)
(page 2).
If there is not an existing NMEA 2000 network on your boat, you can build one using the supplied cables and
connectors (page 12).
This cable connects to the alarm and the shadow drive.
This cable should be installed only if you are building a NMEA 2000 network. Do not install this cable if there is an
existing NMEA 2000 network on your boat (page 2).
The NMEA 2000 power cable must be connected to a 9–16 Vdc power source.
Item Description Important Considerations
Pump power cable The pump can be connected to a 12–24 Vdc power source. To extend this cable, use the correct wire gauge
Ç
Alarm See page 11 for alarm-wiring information.
È
Shadow Drive See page 12 for Shadow Drive wiring information.
É
(page 13).
Component Layout
Single-Helm Layout
NOTE: This diagram is for planning purposes only. Specific connection diagrams are included in the detailed installation instructions
for each component. Hydraulic connections are not shown in this diagram.
Item Description Important Considerations
Helm control
À
Pump
Á
12–24 Vdc battery The pump can be connected to a 12–24 Vdc power source.
Â
CCU The CCU must be installed in the front half of the boat, no higher than 10 ft. (3 m) above the waterline.
Ã
NMEA 2000 Network The helm control and the CCU must be connected to a NMEA 2000 network using the included T-connectors (page 2).
Ä
The NMEA 2000 power cable must be connected to a 9–16 Vdc power source.
If there is not an existing NMEA 2000 network on your boat, you can build one using the supplied cables and
connectors (page 12).
Dual-Helm Layout Guidelines
NOTE: This diagram is for planning purposes only. Specific connection diagrams are included in the detailed installation instructions
for each component. Hydraulic connections are not shown in this diagram.
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Item Description Important Considerations
Helm control
À
12–24 Vdc battery The pump can be connected to a 12–24 Vdc power source.
Á
Pump
Â
NMEA 2000 network The helm control and the CCU must be connected to a NMEA 2000 network using the included T-connectors (page 2).
Ã
CCU The CCU must be installed in the front half of the boat, no higher than 10 ft. (3 m) above the waterline.
Ä
Hydraulic Layouts
The NMEA 2000 power cable must be connected to a 9–16 Vdc power source.
If there is not an existing NMEA 2000 network on your boat, you can build one using the supplied cables and
connectors (page 12).
• Garmin recommends using T-connectors to connect the
hydraulic lines to the pump.
NOTICE
If the steering system in your boat does not match any of the
hydraulic layouts in this manual and you are unsure how to
install the pump, contact Garmin Product Support.
Before you start the pump installation, identify the type of
hydraulic steering system in your boat. Each boat is different,
• To allow for easy pump disabling and removal, Garmin
recommends installing shut-off valves in the hydraulic lines
between the pump manifold and T-connectors.
• Teflon® tape must not be used on any hydraulic fitting.
• An appropriate thread sealant should be used on all pipe
threads in the hydraulic system.
and you must consider certain aspects of the existing hydraulic
layout before deciding where to mount the pump.
Important Considerations
• The pump must be reconfigured if the boat is equipped with
an unbalanced steering cylinder (page 2).
Single-Helm without Power Assist Layout
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Shadow Drive
À
Starboard line
Á
Return line
Â
Port line
Ã
Shut-off valves
Ä
Pump
Å
Helm
Æ
Steering cylinder
Ç
Dual-Helm without Power Assist Layout
Return line
À
Shadow Drive
Á
Starboard line
Â
Port line
Ã
Shut-off valves
Ä
Pump
Å
Upper helm
Æ
Lower helm
Ç
Steering cylinder
È
Single-Helm with Power Assist Layout
NOTICE
The pump must be installed between the cylinder and the power-assist module to function correctly.
NOTE: Removal of the power assist-module may be necessary to gain access to the fittings, hoses, and bleed-tee fitting.
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