Furuno FAR-1513, FAR-1523-BB, FAR-1518, FAR-1528, FAR-1518-BB Operator's Manual

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Page 1

OPERATOR'S MANUAL

MARINE RADAR

FAR-1513 FAR-1523 FAR-1513-BB FAR-1523-BB FAR-1518

Model

FAR-1528 FAR-1518-BB FAR-1528-BB

www.furuno.com

Page 2

The paper used in this manual

9-52 Ashihara-cho,

A:NOV

2015

Pub. No.

(

)

Nishinomiya, 662-8580, JAPAN

is elemental chlorine free.

・FURUNO Authorized Distributor/Dealer

GREG

FAR-15x3/15x8/BB

Printed in Japan

OME-36380-A

0 0 0 1 9 0 8 3 1 1 0

Page 3

IMPORTANT NOTICES

General

• This manual has been authored with simplified grammar, to meet the needs of international users.

• The operator of this equipment must read and follow the descriptions in this manual. Wrong operation or maintenance can cancel the warranty or cause injury.

• Do not copy any part of this manual without written permission from FURUNO.

• If this manual is lost or worn, contact your dealer about replacement.

• The contents of this manual and equipment specifications can change without notice.

• The example screens (or illustrations) shown in this manual can be different from the screens you see on your display. The screens you see depend on your system configuration and equipment settings.

• Save this manual for future reference.

• Any modification of the equipment (including software) by persons not authorized by FURUNO will cancel the warranty.

• All brand and product names are trademarks, registered trademarks or service marks of their respective holders.

• Compliant with IMO MSC.302(87) “Bridge Alert Management”.

How to discard this product

Discard this product according to local regulations for the disposal of industrial waste. For disposal in the USA, see the homepage of the Electronics Industries Alliance (http://www.eiae.org/) for the correct method of disposal.

How to discard a used battery

Some FURUNO products have a battery(ies). To see if your product has a battery, see the chapter on Maintenance. Follow the instructions below if a battery is used. Tape the + and - terminals of battery before disposal to prevent fire, heat generation caused by short circuit.

In the European Union

The crossed-out trash can symbol indicates that all types of batteries must not be discarded in standard trash, or at a trash site. Take the used batteries to a battery collection site according to your national legislation and the Batteries Directive 2006/66/EU.

In the USA

The Mobius loop symbol (three chasing arrows) indicates that Ni-Cd and lead-acid rechargeable batteries must be recycled. Take the used batteries to a battery collection site according to local laws.

In the other countries

There are no international standards for the battery recycle symbol. The number of symbols can increase when the other countries make their own recycle symbols in the future.

Ni-Cd Pb

Page 4

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

ARNING

The operator must read the applicable safety instructions before attempting to operate the equipment.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided,

DANGER

WARNING

CAUTION

Warning, Caution Prohibitive Action Mandatory Action

could result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

ARNIN

Radio Frequency Radiation Hazard

The radar antenna emits electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) energy which can be harmful, particularly to your eyes. Never look directly into the antenna aperture from a close distance while the radar is in operation or expose yourself to the transmitting antenna at a close distance. Distances at which RF radiation level of 100, 50 and 10 W/m table below.

Note: If the antenna unit is installed at a close distance in front of the wheel house, your administration may require halt of transmission within a certain sector of antenna revolution. This is possible. Ask your FURUNO representative or dealer to provide this feature.

Radar model

FAR-1513(-BB)

FAR-1523(-BB)

FAR-1518(-BB)

FAR-1528(-BB)

*1 XN12AF: 120cm, XN20AF: 198cm, XN24AF: 243cm

Transceiver

RTR-086A

RTR-087A

RTR-100

RTR-101

Magnetron

MAF1565N

M1458F

MAF1615B

MG5436

Antenna *

XN12A XN13A XN12A XN13A XN12AF

XN20AF XN20AF

XN24AF

100W/m250W/m210W/m

N/A N/A

0.6 m

0.4 m

0.3 m 0.7 m

0.2 m

0.6 m

0.3 m

are given in the

0.5 m

1.2 m

0.8 m

2.1 m

1.9 m

4.6 m

3.1 m

4.1 m

3.1 m

6.1 m

4.0 m

Page 5

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

WARNINGWARNING

Before servicing the radar, turn off the appropriate external breaker.

ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD. Do not open the equipment.

Turn off the radar power switch before servicing the antenna unit. Post a warning sign near the switch indicating it should not be turned on while the antenna unit is being serviced.

Only qualified personnel should work inside the equipment.

Use the proper fuse.

Use of a wrong fuse can result in damage to the equipment or cause fire.

Prevent the potential risk of being struck by the rotating antenna and exposure to RF radiation hazard.

Do not place liquid-filled containers near the equipment.

Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquid spills into the equipment.

Do not place operate the equipment with wet hands.

Electrical shock can result.

Keep heater away from equipment.

Heat can alter equipment shape and melt the power cord, which can cause fire or electical shock.

Do not disassemble or modify the equipment.

Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can result.

Immediately turn off the power at the ship’s mains switchboard if water leaks into the equipment or the equipment is emitting smoke or fire.

Continued use can cause fatal damage to the equipment.

Power is not removed from the radar simply by turning off its power switch.

iii

Page 6

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

DISPLAY UNIT & PROCESSOR UNIT

Name: Warning Label (1) Type: 86-003-1011-3 Code No.: 100-236-233-10

ANTENNA UNIT

Name: Warning Label Type:

14-055-4202-1

Code No.: 100-245-221-10

WARNING

To avoid electrical shock, do not remove cover. No user-serviceable parts inside.

DANGER

Electrical shock hazard. Do not toutch parts inside this cover.

WARNING LABEL Warning labels are attached to the equipment. Do not remove any label. If a label is missing or damaged, contact a FURUNO agent or dealer about replacement.

WARNINWARNING

CAUTIONCAUTION

No one navigational aid should be relied upon for the safety of vessel and crew. The navigator has the responsibility to check all aids available to confirm position. Electronic aids are not a substitute for basic navigational principles and common sense.

This TT automatically tracks automatically or manually acquired radar targets and calculates their courses and speeds, indicating them by vectors. Since the data generated by the auto plotter are based on what radar targets are selected, the radar must always be optimally tuned for use with the auto plotter, to ensure required targets will not be lost or unwanted targets such as sea returns and noise will not be acquired and tracked.

A target does not always mean a land-mass, reef, ships or other surface vessels but can imply returns from sea surface and clutter. As the level of clutter changes with environment, the operator should properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN controls to be sure target echoes are not eliminated from the radar screen.

The plotting accuracy and response of this TT meets IMO standards. Tracking accuracy is affected by the following:

The data generated by TT, AIS and video plotter are intended for reference only.

Tracking accuracy is affected by course change. One to two minutes is required to restore vectors to full accuracy after an abrupt course change. (The actual amount depends on gyrocompass specifications.)

The amount of tracking delay is inversely proportional to the relative speed of the target. Delay is on the order of 15 - 30 seconds for high relative speed; 30 - 60 seconds for low relative speed.

The target tracking and pertinent vector calculation accuracy is influenced by the following:

- Echo intensity

- The range measurement accuracy; characterized by both random and biased measurement errors.

- The angular measurement accuracy; characterized by beam shape, target glint and bias errors.

- Radar transmission pulsewidth

- Gyrocompass heading error

- Speed log error

- Curent and wind (set & drift)

- Course change (own ship and target)

Refer to official nautical charts for detailed and up-to-date information.

Page 7

FOREWORD.................................................................................................................... x

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ......................................................................................... xii

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW.................................................................................1-1

1.1 Controls ......................................................................................................................1-1

1.2 How to Turn the Radar On/Off....................................................................................1-3

1.3 How to Adjust the Brilliance........................................................................................1-3

1.4 Display Indications......................................................................................................1-4

1.5 Menu Operations........................................................................................................1-6

1.5.1 How to access the main menu .......................................................................1-6

1.5.2 How to operate the menus .............................................................................1-6

1.6 How to Use the On-screen Box Menus ......................................................................1-7

1.7 How to Use the CURSOR Menu ................................................................................1-8

1.8 Cursor Data ................................................................................................................1-9

1.9 How to Set Up Function Keys...................................................................................1-10

1.10 How to Customize Operation....................................................................................1-11

1.11 How to Select the Interface for Heading Input..........................................................1-11

1.12 How to Set Own Ship’s Speed .................................................................................1-12

1.12.1 Automatic speed input (log or GPS navigator) .............................................1-12

1.12.2 Manual speed input ......................................................................................1-13

1.13 How to Set the Own Ship Position............................................................................1-13

1.14 User Settings............................................................................................................1-14

1.14.1 How to reset the user settings......................................................................1-15

1.14.2 How to store/load user settings ....................................................................1-15

1.15 How to Start/Stop Transmission ...............................................................................1-16

1.16 How to Tune the Receiver ........................................................................................1-17

1.16.1 How to select the tuning method ..................................................................1-17

1.16.2 How to initialize tuning..................................................................................1-17

1.16.3 How to tune the receiver manually ...............................................................1-17

1.17 How to Select a Pulselength.....................................................................................1-18

1.17.1 How to change the pulselength ....................................................................1-18

1.18 How to Adjust Sensitivity ..........................................................................................1-19

1.19 How to Reduce Sea Clutter ......................................................................................1-19

1.19.1 How to select the method of clutter adjustment ...........................................1-19

1.19.2 How to fine-tune sea clutter reduction..........................................................1-20

1.19.3 How to manually reduce sea clutter .............................................................1-20

1.20 How to Reduce Rain Clutter .....................................................................................1-21

1.20.1 How to select the method of rain clutter reduction .......................................1-21

1.20.2 How to manually reduce rain clutter .............................................................1-21

1.21 Interference Rejector................................................................................................1-23

1.22 Echo Stretch.............................................................................................................1-23

1.23 Echo Averaging ........................................................................................................1-24

1.24 Automatic Clutter Elimination (ACE) Function ..........................................................1-25

1.24.1 How to turn the Automatic Clutter Elimination (ACE) function on/off ...........1-25

1.24.2 How to adjust the gain in Automatic Clutter Elimination (ACE) mode ..........1-25

1.24.3 How to get high sensitivity............................................................................1-25

1.24.4 How to suppress false echoes .....................................................................1-26

1.25 Noise Rejector..........................................................................................................1-26

1.26 Wiper........................................................................................................................1-26

1.27 How to Preset Controls for a Specific Navigation Purpose ......................................1-27

1.27.1 How to select a customized echo.................................................................1-28

1.27.2 How to edit a customized echo ....................................................................1-29

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.27.3 How to restore a user customized echo to the saved settings..................... 1-29

1.27.4 How to restore a user customized echo to the factory default settings........ 1-30

1.28 How to Reject Second-trace Echoes .......................................................................1-30

1.29 Presentation Modes ................................................................................................. 1-31

1.29.1 How to select an presentation mode............................................................ 1-31

1.29.2 Description of presentation modes...............................................................1-31

1.30 How to Select a Range Scale ..................................................................................1-33

1.31 How to Measure Range ........................................................................................... 1-34

1.31.1 How to show/hide the range rings................................................................ 1-34

1.31.2 How to measure range with the variable range marker (VRM).................... 1-34

1.31.3 How to set the VRM unit of measurement (non-IMO type only)................... 1-35

1.31.4 How to show TTG to VRM ........................................................................... 1-36

1.32 How to Measure Bearing.......................................................................................... 1-36

1.32.1 Methods to measure bearing .......................................................................1-37

1.32.2 True or relative bearing................................................................................ 1-38

1.33 Collision Assessment by Offset EBL........................................................................ 1-38

1.33.1 How to assess risk of collision using the offset EBL .................................... 1-39

1.33.2 How to set the origin point reference for EBL OFFSET ............................... 1-40

1.34 How to Measure Range and Bearing Between Two Targets ................................... 1-40

1.35 How to Off-Center the Display ................................................................................. 1-43

1.36 Target Trails ............................................................................................................. 1-44

1.36.1 True or relative trails .................................................................................... 1-44

1.36.2 Trail time ...................................................................................................... 1-45

1.36.3 Trail gradation ..............................................................................................1-45

1.36.4 Trail level...................................................................................................... 1-46

1.36.5 Narrow trails (Non-IMO only) ....................................................................... 1-46

1.36.6 How to hide the trails temporarily................................................................. 1-46

1.36.7 Trail stabilization in true motion....................................................................1-46

1.36.8 How to erase/restart trails ............................................................................ 1-46

1.36.9 How to prevent sea clutter in true trails........................................................ 1-47

1.37 Target Analyzer (Non-IMO only) .............................................................................. 1-47

1.37.1 How to activate/deactivate the target analyzer ............................................1-48

1.38 Target Alarm ............................................................................................................1-49

1.38.1 How to set a target alarm............................................................................. 1-49

1.38.2 How to mute the target alarm....................................................................... 1-50

1.38.3 How to deactivate a target alarm .................................................................1-50

1.38.4 How to change target alarm attributes ......................................................... 1-50

1.39 PI (Parallel Index) Lines...........................................................................................1-51

1.39.1 How to set the maximum number of lines to display.................................... 1-51

1.39.2 How to change PI line bearing and interval..................................................1-51

1.39.3 How to change the PI line bearing reference............................................... 1-52

1.39.4 How to change the PI line orientation ..........................................................1-52

1.39.5 How to reset the PI lines to default (ship’s heading).................................... 1-52

1.39.6 How to change PI line length .......................................................................1-53

1.40 Zoom ........................................................................................................................1-54

1.41 How to Use Marks ....................................................................................................1-55

1.41.1 How to select a mark type............................................................................ 1-55

1.41.2 How to select the mark inscription position.................................................. 1-56

1.41.3 How to select the mark color (non-IMO type only)....................................... 1-56

1.41.4 How to inscribe marks..................................................................................1-57

1.41.5 How to set origin mark stabilization..............................................................1-57

1.41.6 How to delete marks .................................................................................... 1-57

1.41.7 How to hide the heading line marker............................................................1-58

1.41.8 How to hide/show the stern mark................................................................. 1-58

1.41.9 How to set up the own ship symbol..............................................................1-58

1.41.10How to use the INS marker .......................................................................... 1-59

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.41.11How to show/hide radar map marks.............................................................1-59

1.41.12How to set the barge marker ........................................................................1-59

1.42 Drop Mark.................................................................................................................1-60

1.42.1 How to inscribe a drop mark.........................................................................1-60

1.42.2 How to erase drop marks .............................................................................1-60

1.43 How to Adjust Brilliance of On-screen Data .............................................................1-61

1.43.1 How to change color palettes .......................................................................1-61

1.43.2 How to change the echo color......................................................................1-62

1.44 How to Display and Set Up Navigational Data .........................................................1-63

1.44.1 How to set up the navigational data .............................................................1-63

1.44.2 How to display navigational data..................................................................1-63

1.45 How to Use the Information Box...............................................................................1-64

1.46 Interswitch ................................................................................................................1-65

1.46.1 How to display antenna information .............................................................1-65

1.46.2 How to preset antenna and display combinations........................................1-65

1.47 Performance Monitor................................................................................................1-67

1.47.1 How to activate/deactivate the performance monitor ...................................1-67

1.47.2 How to check the radar’s performance.........................................................1-68

1.48 How to Change the Reference Position ...................................................................1-69

1.49 Anchor Watch...........................................................................................................1-70

1.50 How to Interpret the ALERT Box ..............................................................................1-71

1.50.1 Alert descriptions..........................................................................................1-71

1.50.2 Alert list.........................................................................................................1-72

1.50.3 Alert icons and their meanings .....................................................................1-73

1.50.4 How to assign alarm priority to an alert ........................................................1-73

1.51 How to Select a Display Mode (For Non-IMO types Only) .......................................1-74

1.52 How to Manage SD-Card Data.................................................................................1-75

1.52.1 How to access the SD-Card menu ...............................................................1-75

1.52.2 How to save data..........................................................................................1-75

1.52.3 How to read (load) data................................................................................1-75

1.52.4 How to delete data .......................................................................................1-75

2. RADAR OBSERVATION .......................................................................................2-1

2.1 General.......................................................................................................................2-1

2.1.1 Minimum and maximum ranges .....................................................................2-1

2.2 False Echoes..............................................................................................................2-3

2.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)..................................................................2-6

2.3.1 SART description ...........................................................................................2-6

2.3.2 How to show SART marks on the radar display.............................................2-6

2.3.3 General remarks on receiving SARTs............................................................2-7

2.4 RACON.......................................................................................................................2-8

2.5 Radar Target Enhancer (RTE) ...................................................................................2-8

3. TARGET TRACKING (TT).....................................................................................3-1

3.1 Precautions for Target Tracking Usage......................................................................3-1

3.2 TT Controls.................................................................................................................3-2

3.3 TT Box Overview ........................................................................................................3-2

3.4 How to Select the TT mode........................................................................................3-2

3.5 How to Acquire and Track Targets.............................................................................3-3

3.5.1 How to manually acquire targets....................................................................3-3

3.5.2 How to automatically acquire targets .............................................................3-3

3.6 How to Enter Own Ship Speed...................................................................................3-4

3.6.1 Echo-referenced speed input .........................................................................3-4

3.7 How to Cancel Target Tracking..................................................................................3-5

3.7.1 How to cancel tracking for individual TT targets.............................................3-5

3.7.2 How to cancel tracking for all TT targets........................................................3-5

vii

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

3.8 Lost Target .................................................................................................................3-6

3.8.1 How to set the lost target filter........................................................................ 3-6

3.8.2 How to enable/disable the lost target alert..................................................... 3-6

3.9 TT Symbols and Attributes.........................................................................................3-7

3.9.1 TT symbols..................................................................................................... 3-7

3.9.2 How to adjust symbol brilliance...................................................................... 3-7

3.9.3 How to set the symbol color...........................................................................3-8

3.10 How to Display/Remove Target Data ......................................................................... 3-8

3.10.1 How to display target data..............................................................................3-8

3.10.2 How to remove target data............................................................................. 3-9

3.10.3 How to display, hide and sort the target list ...................................................3-9

3.11 Vector Modes...........................................................................................................3-10

3.11.1 Description of vectors...................................................................................3-10

3.11.2 How to change the vector length (time) .......................................................3-12

3.12 Past Position Display ...............................................................................................3-12

3.12.1 How to display past position points and select the past position

plotting interval.............................................................................................3-12

3.12.2 How to select the number of past position points to be displayed ............... 3-12

3.13 Set and Drift ............................................................................................................. 3-13

3.14 Collision Alarm (CPA, TCPA)................................................................................... 3-14

3.14.1 How to set the CPA and TCPA ranges ........................................................ 3-14

3.14.2 How to acknowledge the TT collision alarm................................................. 3-14

3.15 Acquisition Zone.......................................................................................................3-15

3.15.1 How to activate the first acquisition zone (AZ1)........................................... 3-15

3.15.2 How to set a polygon acquisition zone (AZ2)............................................... 3-16

3.15.3 How to sleep/deactivate an acquisition zone ............................................... 3-16

3.15.4 How to acknowledge the acquisition zone alert ........................................... 3-16

3.15.5 How to change the acquisition zone reference ............................................ 3-17

3.15.6 How to set acquisition zone shape and stabilization.................................... 3-17

3.16 TT System Messages ..............................................................................................3-18

3.17 TT Simulation Mode ................................................................................................. 3-19

3.18 Criteria for Tracking Target Selection ......................................................................3-20

3.19 Factors Affecting TT Functions ................................................................................ 3-21

4. AIS OPERATION ...................................................................................................4-1

4.1 Controls for AIS..........................................................................................................4-2

4.2 AIS Symbols and Their Meanings..............................................................................4-3

4.3 How to Use the AIS Display Filter .............................................................................. 4-5

4.4 How to Activate AIS Targets ...................................................................................... 4-5

4.4.1 How to activate specific targets manually ......................................................4-5

4.4.2 How to enable/disable the AIS auto activate function .................................... 4-6

4.4.3 How to limit the functions of the AIS auto activate function ........................... 4-6

4.5 How to Sleep AIS Targets..........................................................................................4-7

4.5.1 How to sleep individual AIS targets................................................................ 4-7

4.5.2 How to sleep all AIS targets...........................................................................4-7

4.6 How to Set Up For a Voyage ..................................................................................... 4-7

4.7 Target Data ................................................................................................................ 4-9

4.7.1 How to display target data in the data display area ....................................... 4-9

4.7.2 How to remove target data from the display area.......................................... 4-9

4.8 How to Change AIS Symbol Attributes .................................................................... 4-10

4.8.1 How to adjust the AIS symbol brilliance.......................................................4-10

4.8.2 How to change the AIS symbol color ........................................................... 4-10

4.8.3 How to change the ATON symbol color....................................................... 4-10

4.9 Past Position Display ............................................................................................... 4-11

4.9.1 How to adjust the past position plotting interval...........................................4-11

4.9.2 How to select the number of past position points to be displayed ............... 4-11

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

4.9.3 Past position display orientation...................................................................4-11

4.9.4 Stabilization in true motion ...........................................................................4-11

4.10 Lost Target ...............................................................................................................4-12

4.10.1 How to set the lost target filter......................................................................4-12

4.10.2 How to enable/disable the lost target alert ...................................................4-12

4.11 ROT Setting..............................................................................................................4-13

4.12 AIS Collision Alarm (CPA, TCPA) ............................................................................4-13

4.12.1 How to set the CPA and TCPA ranges ........................................................4-13

4.13 How to Associate TT and AIS Targets .....................................................................4-14

4.14 How to View Own Ship Data ....................................................................................4-15

4.15 How to Use AIS Messages .......................................................................................4-16

4.15.1 How to create and save messages ..............................................................4-16

4.15.2 How to transmit messages ...........................................................................4-17

4.15.3 How to view messages.................................................................................4-17

4.15.4 How to automatically display received messages ........................................4-18

4.15.5 How to display AIS alert messages..............................................................4-18

4.16 AIS System Messages .............................................................................................4-18

5. VIDEO PLOTTER OPERATION ............................................................................5-1

5.1 Orientation Modes ......................................................................................................5-1

5.2 Radar Map..................................................................................................................5-2

5.2.1 How to show/hide the radar map....................................................................5-2

5.2.2 Radar map marks...........................................................................................5-2

5.3 How to Align the Radar Map.......................................................................................5-3

5.3.1 How to disable the map alignment .................................................................5-3

5.4 Own Ship’s Track .......................................................................................................5-4

5.4.1 How to set the plotting interval .......................................................................5-4

5.4.2 How to set the own ship track color................................................................5-4

5.4.3 How to delete the own ship track ...................................................................5-5

5.5 How to Use Waypoints ...............................................................................................5-6

5.5.1 How to enter waypoints..................................................................................5-6

5.5.2 How to erase waypoints .................................................................................5-7

5.5.3 How to display the waypoint list .....................................................................5-7

5.5.4 How to show/hide the waypoint name/number...............................................5-7

6. MAINTENANCE, TROUBLESHOOTING .............................................................. 6-1

6.1 Periodic Maintenance Schedule.................................................................................6-2

6.2 How to Replace the Fuse ...........................................................................................6-3

6.3 Life Expectancy of Major Parts...................................................................................6-3

6.4 Trackball Maintenance ...............................................................................................6-4

6.5 Easy Troubleshooting.................................................................................................6-4

6.6 Advanced-level Troubleshooting ................................................................................6-5

6.7 Diagnostics.................................................................................................................6-7

6.8 Fallback Arrangements...............................................................................................6-8

APPENDIX 1 MENU TREE .......................................................................................AP-1

APPENDIX 2 LONGITUDE ERROR TABLE (96 NM SCALE) .................................AP-8

APPENDIX 3 ALERT CODES, MESSAGES AND MEANINGS ............................. AP-10

APPENDIX 4 DATA COLOR AND MEANING........................................................AP-17

APPENDIX 5 ABBREVIATIONS.............................................................................AP-18

APPENDIX 6 SYMBOLS.........................................................................................AP-23

APPENDIX 7 PARTS LOCATION ..........................................................................AP-27

SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................................................................... SP-1

INDEX ......................................................................................................................... IN-1

Page 12

FOREWORD

A Word to the Owner of FAR-1513/FAR-1518 Series

Congratulations on your choice of the FURUNO FAR-1513/FAR-1518 series of radars. We are confident you will see why FURUNO has become synonymous with quality and reliability.

Since 1948, FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for innovative and dependable marine electronics equipment. This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers.

Your radar is designed and constructed to meet the rigorous demands of the marine environment. However, no machine can perform its intended function unless installed, operated and maintained properly. Please carefully read and follow the recommended procedures for operation and maintenance.

We would appreciate hearing from you, the end-user, about whether we are achieving our purposes.

Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO equipment.

Features

• Two methods of operation are available: RCU-028 (standard supply control unit) and RCU-030 (optional trackball unit). The ergonomically designed palm rest on the RCU-030 makes it easy to use.

• Simple operation with “point-and-click” menu functionality.

• All functions can be accessed using only the trackball unit.

• TT, AIS, Radar Map and Interswitch are supplied as standard.

• CPA/TCPA alarms.

• Targets activate the user-set alarm zone when entering or exiting the zone.

• The target analyzer function helps to find targets in high noise areas (rain/snow) or where there is interference from surface reflections.

• FAR-1518 and FAR-1528 comply with MED 96/98/EC and its amendment 2014/93/EU (of July 18, 2014) and also the following directives: IEC62388, IEC 62288, IMO MSC. 192(79). FAR-1513 and FAR-1523 comply with the R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC. In accordance with Article 6-3 of the above-mentioned R&TTE directive, FURUNO intends to put this radar on the market of the following countries in EU as well other markets: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, The Netherlands, United Kingdom.

Page 13

Signal processing functions

This radar has the signal processing functions listed in the table below.

Function Description Section

Interference rejector Suppresses interference by other radars.

Interference received simultaneously from multiple radars may be difficult to reduce.

Echo stretch Enlarges target echoes, especially small echoes.

Suppress interference, sea clutter and rain clutter before using echo stretch, to prevent enlargement of unwanted echoes.

Echo averaging The radar samples echoes with each scan.

Targets that show a large change with each scan are judged as clutter and are reduced to display only echoes from legitimate targets.

Automatic clutter elimination Discriminates clutter from the radar echo, then reduc-

es the clutter automatically.

Noise rejector Reduces white noise then improves the on-screen

S/N ratio by processing the weighted moving average filter for the received echoes in the range direction. Use this function with caution. Weak target echoes may disappear from the screen or the range resolution may worsen.

Program numbers

FOREWORD

section 1.21

section 1.22

section 1.23

section 1.24

section 1.25

Software Program No. Remarks

SPU 0359344-01.** Processor Unit KEY 0359348-01.** Control Unit PM 0359296-01.** Performance Monitor

** denotes minor modifications.

For further software information, please access the following URL:

http://www.furuno.com/en/business_product/merchant/product/radar/popup.html

Page 14

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

ANTENNA UNIT FAR-1513(-BB) XN12A-RSB-0070-086A XN12A-RSB-0073-086A XN13A-RSB-0070-086A XN13A-RSB-0073-086A

FAR-1523(-BB) XN12A-RSB-0070-087A XN12A-RSB-0073-087A XN13A-RSB-0070-087A XN13A-RSB-0073-087A

Equipment category

100/110/115/200/ 220/230 VAC 1ø, 50-60 Hz

PROCESSOR UNIT

RPU-024

12-24 VDC

Unit Category

Antenna Exposed to the weather

Other units Protected from the weather

CONTROL UNIT

RCU-028

TRACKBALL

CONTROL UNIT

RCU-030

DISPLAY UNIT

MU-150HD(-CV15)*

SWITCHING HUB

HUB-100

100-230 VAC 1ø, 50-60 Hz

Interswitch

DC Spec.

24 VDC

Rectifier

RU-1746-B-2

RU-3424

Gyrocompass *1, AD-10 format

Gyrocompass *1, IEC61162 format

AIS Transponder

EPFS (GPS)

SDME (Speed log)

AMS, IEC61162 format

ECDIS

AMS (Contact)*

Sub Display 1

Sub Display 2

VDR

Analog RBG Monitor

*1: The gyrocompass must also have an update rate that is adequate for the ship’s rate of turn.

The update rate must be better than 40 Hz (HSC) or 20 Hz (conventional vessel).

*2:This monitor have been approved by the IMO, MU-150HD(-CV15) for CAT 3. If a different monitor is

to be used on IMO vessels, its effective diameter must meet the applicable Category requirements (CAT 3: Effective diameter 180 mm or higher). For installation, operation and viewing distance of other monitors, see their respective manuals. For BB types, a monitor is to be prepared by the user.

*3: Characteristics of contact output for AMS (Alert Management System):

• (Load current) 250 mA

• (Polarity) Normally Open: 2 ports, Normally Close: 2 ports

xii

Page 15

Equipment category

ANTENNA UNIT

PROCESSOR UNIT

RPU-024

12-24 VDC

Unit Category

Antenna Exposed to the weather

Other units Protected from the weather

CONTROL UNIT

RCU-028

TRACKBALL

CONTROL UNIT

RCU-030

DISPLAY UNIT

MU-150HD(-CV15)*

DISPLAY UNIT

MU-190*

SWITCHING HUB

HUB-100

100-230 VAC 1ø, 50-60 Hz

Interswitch

DC Spec.

24 VDC

Rectifier

RU-1746-B-2

RU-3424

440 VAC

1ø, 50-60 Hz

AC Spec.

Stepdown

Transformer

Unit

RU-1803

100/110/115 200/220/230 1ø, 50-60 Hz

Gyrocompass *1, AD-10 format

Gyrocompass *1, IEC61162 format

AIS Transponder

EPFS (GPS)

SDME (Speed log)

AMS, IEC61162 format

ECDIS

AMS (Contact)*

Sub Display 1

Sub Display 2

FAR-1518(-BB) XN12AF-RSB-120-100 XN12AF-RSB-121-100 XN20AF-RSB-120-100 XN20AF-RSB-121-100

FAR-1528(-BB) XN20AF-RSB-120-101 XN20AF-RSB-121-101 XN24AF-RSB-120-101 XN24AF-RSB-121-101

The radar(s) must be interconnected to the following type approved sensors:

• Gyrocompass meeting requirements of the IMO resolution A.424(XI).

• EPFS meeting the requirements of the IMO resolution MSC.112(73).

• SDME meeting the requirements of the IMO resolution MSC.96(72). The radar may be interconnected via HUB-100 to other FURUNO processing units having approved LAN ports.

The following sentences cannot be used for installations on SOLAS vessels: BWC, BWR, DBK, GBS, HDG, HDM and TLL.

NOTICE FOR FAR-1518(-BB)/FAR-1528(-BB)

VDR

Analog RBG Monitor

*1: The gyrocompass must also have an update rate that is adequate for the ship’s rate of turn.

The update rate must be better than 40 Hz (HSC) or 20 Hz (conventional vessel).

*2:This monitor have been approved by the IMO, MU-150HD(-CV15) for CAT 3, MU-190 for CAT-2.

If a different monitor is to be used on IMO vessels, its effective diameter must meet the applicable Category requirements (CAT 3: Effective diameter 180 mm or higher; CAT 2: Effective diameter 250 mm or higher). For installation, operation and viewing distance of other monitors, see their respective manuals. For BB types, a monitor is to be prepared by the user.

*3: Characteristics of contact output for AMS (Alert Management System):

• (Load current) 250 mA

• (Polarity) Normally Open: 2 ports, Normally Close: 2 ports

100/110/115/200/ 220/230 VAC 1ø, 50-60 Hz

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

xiii

Page 16

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

This page is intentionally left blank.

xiv

Page 17

Cursor control

10 18

RangeRange

Display Control

Alert

Navigation tools / Menu controls

Target

Radar system

Radar signal processing

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.1 Controls

Control unit RC-028

No. Key/Control Description

1 Power switch Press to turn the radar on. Long press to turn the radar off.

Shown as in procedures.

2 STBY/TX Press to switch between STBY (Stand-by) and TX (Transmit) modes. 3 A/C RAIN/F1 • Push: Activates the F1 registered function.

• Rotate: Adjusts rain clutter manually (default setting).

4 A/C SEA/F2 • Push: Activates the F2 registered function.

• Rotate: Adjusts sea clutter manually (default setting).

5 GAIN/F3 • Push: Activates the F3 registered function.

• Rotate: Adjusts gain manually (default setting). 6 Touchpad Moves the cursor. 7

Left button / TGT ACQ

Right button

9 Range +/- Selects the display range. 10 TGT CANCEL • TT mode: Deactivates tracking for the cursor-selected target.

11 EBL Activates/deactivates the EBL cursor. 12 VRM Activates/deactivates the VRM cursor. 13 MENU Opens the main menu; closes all open menus. 14 BRILL Adjusts the screen brilliance. 15 ADJUST • Rotate: Adjusts settings for the cursor-selected box/icon. Highlights

16 OFF CENTER Moves the radar display off center. 17 HL OFF Hides heading line when pressed and held. 18 TGT TRAIL • Press: Changes the trail time.

19 ALERT ACK • Acknowledges alerts.

• Selects menu item.

• TT mode: Selects or acquires the cursor-highlighted echo as a target.

• AIS mode: Selects or activates the cursor-highlighted target.

Opens the cursor-selected context menu; closes open menus.

• AIS mode: Sleeps the selected target.

• Long press: Sleeps/deactivates all TT targets.

menu items.

• Push: Selects highlighted menu item; applies settings; moves the cursor

to the next character/digit.

• Long press: Erases trails.

• Silence the alarm buzzer.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Left button

Trackball unit RCU-030 (Option)

The optional trackball unit can be used to control most features of this radar.

Left button

Right button

Scrollwheel

Trackball

- Moves cursor.

- Highlights an object (target echo, menu item, etc.)

Scrollwheel

- Selects menu options.

- Sets numeric data.

- Sets menu box slide bars (GAIN, etc.) Note: The scrollwheel does not have a “push” function.

Left Button

- Does the operation related to the selected object.

- Confirms the operation for the selected object.

Right Button

- Cancels current action.

- Opens/closes menu boxes.

Standards used in this manual

This manual uses the following standards:

Terminology

standards

Meaning

Select • Using the Touchpad or trackball, move the cursor over the item to be

“selected”.

• Rotate the ADJUST knob to highlight the item to be “selected”. Left-click Press the left button on the RCU-030 unit. Right-click Press the right button on the RCU-030 unit. Left button

Right button

Refers to the left button ( ) on the RCU-028 control unit.

Refers to the right button ( ) on the RCU-028 control unit.

Control unit Refers to the RCU-028 control unit. Trackball Refers to the RCU-030 control unit. Open the [MAIN MENU]. • Press the MENU key to open the main menu.

• Select the [MENU] box, then press the left button or left-click. Close the menu. • Press the MENU key to close the menu. (Closes all open menus.)

• Select the operational display area, then press the right button or

right-click.

• Select the [MENU] box, then press the left button or left-click.

For the sake of brevity, the procedures in this manual use the terms “Open the [MAIN MENU].” and “Close the menu.”

Most operations can be done with either the RCU-030 trackball unit or the RCU-028 control unit.

Throughout this manual, procedures are outlined using the RCU-028 control unit, unless otherwise specified.

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1.2 How to Turn the Radar On/Off

The POWER switch is located at the bottom left corner of the control unit. Open

the POWER switch cover and press the switch to turn the radar system on. To turn the system off, press and hold the POWER switch. The screen shows the bearing scale and digital timer for approximately 30 seconds after power is applied. The timer counts down three minutes of warm-up time. During this period, the magnetron (transmitter tube) is warmed for transmission. When the timer has reached 0:00, the indication "ST-BY" appears at the screen center, meaning the radar is now ready to transmit pulses.

In the stand-by condition, markers, rings, maps, etc. are not shown. Further, TT and AIS are not shown. In the warm-up and stand-by conditions, [ON TIME] and [TX TIME] are counted in hours and tenths of an hour, appearing at the screen center.

Note 1: Do not turn on the power directly after it has been turned off. Wait several seconds before you reapply the power, to be sure the radar starts up properly.

Note 2: Parameters set on the menus are stored in a non-volatile memory (flash memory), and are preserved when the power is turned off.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Note 3: The screen refreshes slower in low ambient temperature.

1.3 How to Adjust the Brilliance

The screen brilliance can be adjusted as shown below. To change color tones, see "How to change color palettes" on page 1-61.

Note: External monitor brilliance is not adjustable from the radar. Refer to the external monitor’s Operator’s Manual for how to adjust brilliance.

From the control unit

1. Press the BRILL key. The cursor is automatically moved to the [BRILL] box.

The brilliance bar shows the brilliance level.

2. Use the ADJUST knob to adjust the brilliance as appropriate. Turn clockwise to increase the brilliance, counter-clockwise to reduce the brilliance.

3. Push the ADJUST knob to complete the procedure.

From the on-screen box

1. Use the Touchpad to select the [BRILL] box, then press the left button.

2. Use the ADJUST knob to adjust the brilliance as appropriate. Turn clockwise to increase the brilliance, counter-clockwise to reduce the brilliance.

3. Push the ADJUST knob to complete the procedure.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

543

30 28

10 11 12 13

1.4 Display Indications

No. Name Description

1 STBY/TX box Switches between standby and transmit mode. 2 Range box Changes the radar range. 3 CU/TM Reset box Resets display when using Course Up/True Motion presenta-

tion mode. 4 REF POINT box Changes the reference point. 5 GAIN box Adjusts the GAIN level. 6 SEA box Adjusts the A/C SEA settings. 7 RAIN box Adjusts the A/C RAIN settings. 8 TUNE box Adjusts the tuning for the receiver. 9 Cursor information box Displays the range, bearing and TTG to cursor position. 10 Cursor position box Displays the cursor’s current co-ordinates. 11 MAP ALIGN box Enables/disables radar map alignment. 12 MENU box Opens the [MAIN MENU].

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

No. Name Description

13 USER SET  Loads/saves user specific settings. 14 TGT List  Displays the target list; displays the [TARGET LIST] menu. 15 AZ box Activates/deactivates the acquisition zone(s). 16 VRM box Activates/deactivates the VRM. 17 DROP box Displays drop mark data. 18 EBL box Activates/deactivates the EBL. 19 PI Line box Activates/deactivates the PI lines. 20 MARK boxes Selects mark icons; displays mark information. 21 MAP box Activates/deactivates the radar map. 22 BRILL box Adjusts screen brilliance; opens the [BRILLIANCE] menu. 23 HL OFF box Hides the heading line. 24 IR box Activates/deactivates the interference rejector function. 25 ES box Activates/deactivates the echo stretch function. 26 NR box Activates/deactivates the noise reduction function. 27 EAV box Activates/deactivates the echo averaging function. 28 ACE box Activates/deactivates the ACE function. 29 CUSTOMIZE ECHO box Cycles through echo filtering customizations; open the [CUS-

TOMIZE ECHO] menu. 30 PULSE box Cycles through pulse settings. 31 ANTENNA SELECT box Selects the antenna to use. Only antennas connected to the

same network are displayed and selectable. 32 PRESENTATION MODE box Cycles though display presentation modes. 33 Own ship details box. Shows various data regarding own ship. Contains speed*,

heading and position context menus.

*: Speed is displayed as a negative value when the vessel is

using reverse thrust. 34 Information box • Displays currently open menu.

• Displays various information, such as received messages, TT/AIS target information and navigational data.

35 TT/AIS box • Activates/deactivates TT/AIS functions.

• Access TT/AIS functions such as filters and association.

• Access the [AIS TARGET MENU].

• Access the [TT MENU].

• Displays/sets target vector time and orientation.

36 TRAIL box • Sets target trail time.

• Sets past position plotting interval.

• Erases trails.

• Opens [TRAIL] menu.

37 Alert box Displays alert information and icons. 38 Guidance box Displays operational guidance for selected item.

• Left side: guidance for left button/left-click.

• Right side: guidance for right button/right-click.

Working indicator Rotates clockwise when the system is working properly.

Picture freeze If the picture freezes, the picture is not updated. Restart (turn off, then on) the unit to restore normal operation.

Display specifications

• Nominal viewing distance: 0.75 m

• Text height: 2.67 mm

• Text width: 2.08 mm

1-5

Page 22

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

[MAIN MENU]

1 [ECHO] 2 [MARK] 3 [NAVTOOL] 4 [ALERT] 5 [TT•AIS] 6 [FILES] 7 [INFORMATION BOX] 8 [NAV LINE•WPT] 9 [INITIAL SETTING] 0 [RADAR INSTALLATION]

Echo processing functions Mainly turns markers on/off. Navigation tools (PI lines/EBL/VRM) Sets target alarm functions; outputs alert signal. Sets TT and AIS functions. Manages stored data. Sets data display box items. Processes nav lines and waypoints. Sets up the radar; changes function key settings. Used by technicians and service personnel.

1.5 Menu Operations

1.5.1 How to access the main menu

The main menu can be accessed from the control unit or from the on-screen box. The [MAIN MENU] appears in the text area on the right side of the screen.

From the control unit

Press the MENU key on the control panel.

From the on-screen box

Select the [MENU] box, then press the left button.

1.5.2 How to operate the menus

Layer one (MAIN MENU) Layer two Layer three

1 [ECHO]

2 [MARK] 3 [NAVTOOL] 4 [ALERT] 5 [TT•AIS] 6 [FILES] 7 [INFORMATION BOX] 8 [NAV LINE•WPT] 9 [INITIAL SETTING] 0 [RADAR INSTALLATION]

1-6

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Rotate the ADJUST knob to select a layer one ([MAIN MENU]) menu item, then push the ADJUST knob. The menu item currently selected is highlighted and shown in reverse video.

[MAIN MENU]

Menu selection is highlighted and in reverse video.

[ECHO]

1 BACK 2 2nd ECHO REJ OFF / ON 3 TUNE INITIALIZE 4 PERFORMANCE MON OFF / ON 5 PM ARC 2 / 3 / 5 / 6 6 SART OFF / ON 7 ECHO AREA CIRCLE /WIDE / ALL / SIMPLE 8 WIPER OFF / 1 / 2

9 [ACE]

0 [CUSTOM SELECT]

Select menu items with brackets “[ ]” to access the layer three menu items.

[ACE]

1 BACK 2 SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT 1 / 2 / 3 3 SUPPRESS SECTOR START : 000 ANGLE : 000

3. Rotate the ADJUST knob to select the layer two menu item, then push the knob. When required. repeat this step to access the layer three menu. In the above example, [ACE] is selected, which opens the layer three [ACE] menu.

4. Rotate the ADJUST knob to change the selected setting, then push the knob.

5. Close the menu.

Page 23

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.6 How to Use the On-screen Box Menus

Some radar functions can be accessed using the on-screen box menus. A “” at the right side of an on-screen box which indicates that there is a box menu.

There are two methods for on-screen box menu selection.

• RCU-028: Use the Touchpad to select the on-screen box, then press the right but- ton.

• RCU-030: Use the trackball unit (RCU-030) to select the on-screen box, then rightclick.

The procedure outlined below uses the RCU-028 control unit.

To operate the radar using the on-screen boxes, do the following:

1. Select the desired box.

Note: The cursor changes shape according to its location. It is an arrow ( )

when placed outside the operational display area and when inside the operational

display area, it is a cross ( ).

For the purpose of this example, select the [BRILL] box, at the bottom left corner of the display.

When a box is correctly selected, its color changes (colors depending on selected color palette) and the guidance box at the bottom right corner shows operational guidance. The operational guidance shows the function of the left button

Place cursor here, then press the left button to change brilliance preset, right button to open the [BRILL] menu.

and right buttons, with a diagonal line separating the information. The [BRILL] box, for example, displays the operational guidance "BRILL SELECT / BRILL MENU". In this case you would press the left button to select a preset palette (See "How to change color palettes" on page 1-61) or press the right but- ton to open the [BRILL] menu.

2. Press the left button to cycle through preset palettes.

3. Rotate the ADJUST knob to adjust the display bril-

liance.

4. The box menu attached to the [BRILL] box is the

[BRILLIANCE] menu. To open the box menu, press the right button.

5. Select the desired menu item, then push the AD-

JUST knob.

6. Select the appropriate option, then push the AD-

JUST knob.

7. Close the menu.

[BRILLIANCE (1/2)]

1 ECHO COLOR YEL / GRN / WHT 2 PALETTE DAY-GRY / DAY-BL DUSK-GRY / DUSK-BLU NIGHT-GRY / NIGHT-BLU 3 CONTROL PANEL 4 CHARACTER 5 CURSOR 6 ECHO 7 TRAIL 8 HL 9 RING 0 NEXT

1-7

Page 24

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

[CURSOR MENU]

TARGET DATA & ACQ TARGET CANCEL TT TGT DATA & ACQ REF MARK EBL OFFSET OFFCENTER ZOOM MARK DELETE OWN TRACK DELETE MAP ALIGN TRAIL ERASER CURSOR SIZE TARGET DATA/ACQ SETTING TARGET CANCEL SETTING

1.7 How to Use the CURSOR Menu

Functions that require the use of the cursor, such as EBL offset and zoom, can be activated directly from the guidance box or from the [CURSOR] menu, either method with the cursor inside the operational display area. Below is the procedure for choosing cursor-related functions from the [CURSOR] menu.

1. Select the operational display area, then press the right button. The [CURSOR] menu appears.

2. Select the desired function, then push the AD- JUST knob.

3. The guidance box shows "XX / EXIT" (XX = function selected). Use the Touchpad to place the cursor where desired.

4. Push the ADJUST knob to execute the function selected at step 3.

5. To quit the selected function, press the right button when the guidance box shows "XX / EXIT" (XX = function selected).

TARGET DATA & ACQ TT: Acquires target; displays data for selected

TARGET CANCEL TT: Cancels tracking on selected tracked target.

TT TGT DATA & ACQ Acquires selected echo as tracked target. REF MARK Inscribes reference mark, for target-based speed in-

EBL OFFSET Offsets EBL to measure range and bearing between

OFFCENTER Shifts screen center to selected location. ZOOM Zooms selected location. MARK DELETE Deletes selected mark (plotter mark, origin mark or

OWN TRACK DELETE Deletes own ship's tracks. MAP ALIGN Aligns charts (maps) with the radar picture. TRAIL ERASER Erases trails. CURSOR SIZE Selects cursor size.

1-8

TARGET DATA/ACQ SETTING Change target tracking settings. TARGET CANCEL SETTING Change target cancel settings.

Menu Item Description

tracked target. AIS: Activates sleeping AIS target; displays data for selected AIS target.

AIS: Sleeps selected AIS target.

put.

two targets.

waypoint mark).

Page 25

1.8 Cursor Data

CURS 099 . 1°T 00:32 5.317NM

33°59.156N

135°06.328E

CURS 6.087km 01:08 3.997km

33°59.156N

135°06.328E

Bearing/range

displayed

Cursor’s X-Y

co-ordinates

displayed

Press the left button

to switch between

display formats

TTG to cursor position

Bearing/range to cursor position.

TTG to cursor position

Cursor positon’s latitude/longitude

Range to cursor’s X-Y location.

Cursor data can be shown in latitude and longitude position or the cursor’s X-Y coordinates.

Place cursor on the [CURSOR DATA] box at the right side of the display then press the left button. The data box shows the cursor information in the upper half and cursor location (latitude/longitude) is shown in the lower half.

Note 1: For the X-Y co-ordinates display, the Y-axis is the heading line, the upper half of the screen is “plus” and the lower part of the screen is “minus”. The X-axis is the port/starboard direction, starboard is “plus”, port is “minus”.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Note 2: When displaying latitude and longitude position and the cursor has been aligned (on the [CURSOR] menu), the indication "MAP ALIGN" appears at the right side of the screen (in yellow).

Note 3: Cursor data reads "- - -.-" when the cursor is placed outside the operational display area.

1-9

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.9 How to Set Up Function Keys

Some menu functions and menus can be assigned to a function key. This allows onetouch access to the assigned function or menu.

To activate an assigned function, press the corresponding function key (F1, F2 or F3).

The function keys are preset with the following functions:

F1: A/C RAIN, F2: A/C SEA, F3: ACE (Gain).

You can change the function assigned to each key using the following procedure.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [INITIAL SETTING], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [FUNCTION KEY], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [F1], [F2] or [F3] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Referring to the table of available functions below, select a function category, then push the ADJUST knob.

Function

1.10 How to Customize Operation

Several operation items can be customized to suit your needs.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [INITIAL SETTING], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [OPERATION], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Referring to the table below, select the appropriate menu item to customize.

Menu items Description Available settings

WHEEL DRIVE Sets the direction of the wheel drive

(scrollwheel).

KEY BEEP Changes the key beep volume. [OFF], [LOW], [MID],

OWN SHIP VECTOR Select how the own ship vector is

displayed. STERN UP RM HEAD UP RM display is reversed. [ON], [OFF] GUIDANCE* Turns operational guidance on/off. [ON], [OFF] SHUTTLE FERRY Sets the shuttle ferry mode to use. [OFF], [MODE1],

SENSITIVITY Adjusts sensitivity for optional

mouse/trackball.

*: Non-IMO radars only, available only for [SIMPLE] display mode. See section 1.51 for details regarding display modes.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

[NORMAL], [REVERSE]

[HIGH] [OFF], [HDG],

[COURSE]

[MODE2] [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

5. Rotate the ADJUST knob to select the appropriate setting, then push the knob.

6. Close the menu.

1.11 How to Select the Interface for Heading Input

When a gyrocompass is connected, the ship’s heading appears on the right side of the screen, in the data display area.

Heading input format can be selected as follows:

1. Place the cursor on the [HDG] box at the top-right of the screen, then press the right button. The [HDG] context menu appears.

2. Select [HDG SOURCE], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [AD-10] or [SERIAL] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob. This refers to the type of connection, [AD-10] is for AD-10 format (FURUNO original) connection, [SERIAL] is for serial connections.

4. Close the menu.

Note: The heading sensor must be able follow a minimum ROT of 20° per second. Heading sensors with a lesser capability may degrade the performance of echo averaging, trails and TT. The data refresh rate should also be as short as possible. If the refresh rate is too long, the ability to follow courses lessens, thereby affecting the performance of echo averaging, trails and TT.

1-11

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.12 How to Set Own Ship’s Speed

The TT and azimuth stabilized presentation modes require own ship speed input and compass signal. The speed can be entered from a log (STW, SOG) or GPS (SOG) or manually on the menu.

Note: Where the own ship speed exceeds 99.9kn, the displayed speed is "99.9kn".

1.12.1 Automatic speed input (log or GPS navigator)

1. Select the [SPD] box at the top right corner of the screen, then press the right button. The [SPEED] box menu appears.

2. Select [SHIP SPEED], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select the appropriate source for automatic speed input, then push the ADJUST knob.

Selection Explanation Stabilization Mode

[LOG (BT)]* Log, speed over ground (SOG) Ground stabilization [LOG (WT)] Log, Speed Thru Water (STW) Sea stabilization [GPS] Speed input by GPS navigator Ground stabilization [MANUAL] Manually input speed Sea stabilization [REF] Echo-referenced speed input Ground stabilization

[SPEED MENU]

1 SHIP SPEED LOG(BT) / LOG(WT) / GPS / MANUAL REF 2 MANUAL SPEED

0.0KN

*: Set and drift may be required to display [LOG (BT)] correctly in deep waters. To change set and drift do the following:

1) From the [SPEED MENU], select [SET DRIFT], then push the ADJUST knob.

2) Select [ON], then push the ADJUST knob.

3) Select the set angle, then push the ADJUST knob.

4) Select the drift speed, then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Close the menu.

Notes on speed input

It should be noted that in determining a target's aspect by radar, the calculation of its true track is dependent on the choice and accuracy of the own ship's course and speed input. A ground-stabilized target plot may accurately calculate the ground track of the target, but the target's heading may be significantly different from its track when experiencing set, drift or leeway. Similarly, a sea stabilized target plot may be inaccurate when own ship and the target, are experiencing different rates of set, drift or leeway.

• IMO Resolution A.823(19) for TT recommends that a speed log to be interfaced with a TT should be capable of providing through-the-water speed (forward speed).

• Be sure not to select a [LOG] option when a speed log is not connected. If the log signal is not provided, the ship speed readout at the top of the screen will be blank. In the event of a log error, enter speed manually.

• The [SPD] is shown as "*.* kn" and the label "LOG(BT)" or "LOG(WT)" (in yellow-orange) appears and the alert buzzer sounds if no log signal is present for 30 s.

• When the speed input in use is interrupted or lost, the system automatically changes to another speed input (stabilization reference) and outputs the "SPD SOURCE CHG" alert.

• On the IMO type with AIS in use, [MANUAL] and [REF] are shown in gray to indicate they are not available for selection.

• A single-axis water log cannot measure speed when the wind is coming from the leeway direction.

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1.12.2 Manual speed input

If the speed log is not working, enter speed manually as below. In this case the speed data type is shown as "MANUAL" and is speed thru water (STW). Manual speed input is not available on the IMO radar when the AIS feature is active.

1. Select the [SPD] box at the top right corner of the screen, then press the right but- ton to display the [SPEED] menu.

2. Select [SHIP SPEED], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [MANUAL], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [MANUAL SPEED], then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Rotate the ADJUST knob to set speed.

6. Push the ADJUST knob to confirm the new setting.

7. Close the menu.

1.13 How to Set the Own Ship Position

You can select the data source for own ship’s position as follows:

1. Place the cursor on the [OS POSN] box in the data display area, then press the right button. The [OWN SHIP POSN] menu appears.

2. Select [NAV AID] or [MANUAL L/L] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select the appropriate setting, referring to the list below, then push the ADJUST knob.

• [NAV AID]: Using navigational aids. Select the navigational aid in use. Available

options are: [GPS1], [GPS2], [LAN], [INS] or [DEAD RECKONING].

• [MANUAL L/L]: Manual input of own ship co-ordinates.

Note 1: Where [NAV AID] is set to [LAN], [INS] or [DEAD RECKONING], the indication "DR" appears at the bottom of the [OS POSN] box.

Note 2: Where [NAV AID] is set to [DEAD RECKONING] or [MANUAL L/L], the AIS function cannot be used.

4. To set [MANUAL L/L], do the following:

1) Rotate the ADJUST knob to set the value.

2) Push the ADJUST knob to move the cursor to the next digit.

3) Repeat steps 1 and 2 to set the latitude and longitude.

5. To share [OS POSN] data across the same network, do the following:

1) Select [SIO DATA LAN OUTPUT], then push the ADJUST knob.

2) Select [ON], then push the ADJUST knob to share data. To disable [OS

POSN] data sharing, select [OFF], then push the ADJUST knob.

Note: A navigational aid must be selected at [NAV AID] to share [OS POSN] across the same network.

6. Close the menu.

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1.14 User Settings

The user functions shown in the table below can be reset to their default settings by enabling the [PILOT SETTING] option in the [USER SET] menu. Functions not shown in the table below maintain their previous setting.

The unit can store two separate user settings, for the functions listed below, in the internal memory. These settings can also be recalled. Functions not shown in the table below cannot be stored or recalled.

Function Setting(s) Menu/On-screen box

GAIN Maintained as per

previous setting. SEA [AUTO] [SEA] box RAIN [AUTO] [RAIN] box TUNE [AUTO] [TUNE] box Range [6 NM] [RANGE] box Range rings [OFF] [MAIN MENU]  [NAVTOOL]  [RANGE

VRM1 Display [ON] [VRM1] box

Distance [0.250 NM]

VRM2 Display [OFF] [VRM2] box

Distance [0.000 NM]

EBL1 Display [ON] [EBL1] box

Bearing Maintained as per

previous setting.

Reference [TRUE] [MAIN MENU]  [NAVTOOL] 

EBL2 Display [OFF] [EBL2] box

Bearing [000.0°] Reference [TRUE] [MAIN MENU]  [NAVTOOL] 

PI Lines Display [OFF] [PI Line] box

Interval Orientation Bearing (True

or Relative)

Number of PI lines

Mode (Parallel or

Perpendicular) Presentation Mode [NORTH UP TM] [PRESENTATION MODE] box Stabilization mode (Sea/

Ground) Off-centering On-centering

Target trails

Display, time [ON], [6 MIN] [TRAIL MODE] box

Mode [TRUE] [PAST POSN] box

[GPS] (Ground) [SPEED]  [SHIP SPEED]

Continued on following page

[GAIN] box

RING]

[EBL•VRM•CURSOR]  [EBL•CURSOR BEARING]

[MAIN MENU]  [NAVTOOL]  [PI LINE] 

[PI LINE BEARING] * [MAIN MENU]  [NAVTOOL]  [PI LINE] 

[SET ALL PI LINE] [MAIN MENU]  [NAVTOOL]  [PI LINE] 

[PI LINE MODE]

OFF CENTER key.*

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[USER SET MENU]

1 PILOT SETTING NO / YES 2 USER1 LOAD NO / YES 3 USER1 SAVE NO / YES 4 USER2 LOAD NO / YES 5 USER2 SAVE NO / YES

Function Setting(s) Menu/On-screen box

Continued from previous page

Vector mode [REL] [VECTOR] box Vector time [6 MIN] AZ1 [OFF] [AZ1] box AZ2 [OFF] [AZ2] box TT acquisition mode [MAN50] [TT TARGET]  [TT SELECT] AIS display [DISP ALL] [AIS] box Association [ON] (TT > AIS) [MAIN MENU]  [TT•AIS]  [ASSOCIATION]

 [ASSOCIATION TGT] Lost Target Alert [OFF] (Disabled) LOST TARGET ALERT box CPA/

TCPA alarm

ON/OFF [ON] [CPA LIMIT] box CPA [2 NM] TCPA [12 MIN]

*1: This menu is not available for IMO type and the setting is fixed to [TRUE].

: Has the same effect as selecting the True Motion presentation mode.

1.14.1 How to reset the user settings

1. Select the [USER SET] box, then press the right button to display the [USER SET MENU].

2. Select [PILOT SETTING], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [YES], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Close the menu.

Note 1: Items not shown in the above table keep their previous settings when [PILOT SETTING] is activated.

Note 2: TT tracking is continued after [PILOT SETTING] is activated.

Note 3: The radar map displays the same map as before [PILOT SETTING] is activated.

1.14.2 How to store/load user settings

1. Select the [USER SET] box, then press the right button to display the [USER SET MENU].

2. Select [USER1(2) LOAD] or [USER1(2) SAVE] to recall or save user settings, respectively, then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [YES], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Close the menu.

When loading settings, the following points apply:

• If the newly loaded settings cannot be applied to items not listed in the table above,

then these items keep their previous settings.

• TT tracking is continued after the settings are loaded.

• The radar map displays the same map as before the settings were loaded.

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1.15 How to Start/Stop Transmission

The radar is ready to transmit when the message "STBY" appears. Transmission can be started using one of the following procedures:

• Using the control unit: Press the STBY/TX key.

• Using the on-screen box: Select the [STBY/TX] box on the screen, then press the

left button.

How to stop antenna rotation

Antenna rotation can be stopped using one of the following procedures:

• Turn the antenna switch off.

• Turn antenna rotation off from the menu (See installation manual).

Screen freeze

The screen is not refreshed if the screen has frozen. An audio alarm is released 30 seconds after a screen freeze. The ALERT ACK key flashes and a contact alert signal is also released. To return the radar to normal operation, turn the radar off, then on again.

Quick start

Provided that the radar was in use and the magnetron (transmitter tube) is still warm, you can switch to transmit mode without the three minute warm-up time. If the radar was turned off by mistake or you wish to restart the radar promptly, press the POWER switch within ten seconds after the power is turned off.

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1.16 How to Tune the Receiver

1.16.1 How to select the tuning method

1. Select the [TUNE] box at the top of the screen to change the tuning method. The tuning box is displayed as "TUNE AUTO" or "TUNE MAN", depending on the currently selected tuning method.

2. Press the left button to change the tuning method.

Tuning level indicator. Place arrow inside box to adjust tuning. (This disables automatic tuning.)

Tuning method (AUTO or MAN)

1.16.2 How to initialize tuning

Automatic tuning is initialized at installation. However, if you feel that the automatic tuning is not functioning properly, re-initialize it by following the procedure below.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

2. Select [ECHO], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [TUNE INITIALIZE], then push the ADJUST knob. The indication "TUNE INITIALIZE" appears in the [ALERT] box during the initialization.

4. Close the menu.

1.16.3 How to tune the receiver manually

1. Select the 48-mile range from the [RANGE] box. Press the left button to lower the range; the right button to raise the range.

2. Select manual tuning following the procedure in paragraph 1.16.1.

3. Place the arrow on the tuning bar area in the [TUNE] box.

4. Rotate the ADJUST knob to adjust tuning. The best tuning point is where the bar graph swings maximum. The tuning control position is indicated with a triangle, displayed inside the tuning bar.

Tuning control position. Place cursor inside the box, then rotate the the tuning.

ADJUST

knob to adjust

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1.17 How to Select a Pulselength

The pulselength in use appears at the upper-left position of the screen using the indications shown in the table below.

FAR-1518/FAR-1528

(PULSE) indication

S1 (short pulse 1) S (short pulse) S2 (short pulse 2) M (medium pulse) M1 (medium pulse 1) L (long pulse) M2 (medium pulse 2) M3 (medium pulse 3) L (long pulse)

FAR-1513/FAR-1523

(PULSE) indication

Appropriate pulselengths are preset to individual range scales and function keys. If you are not satisfied with the current pulselength settings, you can change them as shown in the procedure below.

1.17.1 How to change the pulselength

The pulselength can be changed using the procedure below.

1. Place the cursor in the [PULSE] box at the top left corner of the screen.

2. Press the left button, right button or rotate the ADJUST knob to cycle through pulselengths. The order in which the pulselengths are cycled is shown in the table below.

Method Cycle order

Left button Decreases the pulselength. Right button Increases the pulselength.

ADJUST knob (clockwise) Increases the pulselength. ADJUST knob (counter-clockwise) Decreases the pulselength.

Note: Available pulselengths are restricted depending on the range.

See the table below for details.

FAR-1518/FAR-1528 FAR-1513/FAR-1523

Range

0.5 NM S1, S2 1.5 NM S, M

0.75 NM, 1.5 NM S1, S2, M1 3 NM M, L 3 NM S2, M1, M2, M3 6 NM M1, M2, M3, L 12 NM, 24 NM M2, M3, L

(PULSE)

indication

Range

(PULSE)

indication

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1.18 How to Adjust Sensitivity

Place arrow inside window to adjust A/C SEA.

A/C SEA adjustment method

(SEA AUTO or SEA MAN)

The gain control adjusts the sensitivity of the receiver.

The proper setting is such that the background noise is just visible on the screen. If you set up for too little sensitivity, weak echoes may be missed. On the other hand excessive sensitivity yields too much background noise; strong targets may be missed because of the poor contrast between desired echoes and the background noise on the display.

To adjust receiver sensitivity, adjust the gain control so background noise is just visible on the screen.

How to adjust the GAIN from the control unit (RCU-028)

Rotate the GAIN knob (F3). Rotate anticlockwise to decrease the gain, or clockwise to increase the gain.

How to adjust the GAIN from the on-screen box

1. Place the cursor in the [GAIN] box at the top of the screen.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Level bar

2. Rotate the ADJUST knob anticlockwise to decrease the gain, or clockwise to increase the gain. The setting range is [0] to [100].

Place arrow inside window to adjust gain.

1.19 How to Reduce Sea Clutter

Echoes from waves cover the central part of the display with random signals known as sea clutter. The higher the waves, and the higher the antenna above the water, the further the clutter extends. When sea clutter masks the picture, reduce it with the A/C SEA control, either manually or automatically.

Note 1: When both sea clutter and rain clutter are reduced, the sensitivity is decreased more than when only one is changed. For that reason adjust them carefully.

Note 2: The echo average (see "Echo Averaging" on page 1-24) is useful for reducing reflections from the sea surface. However, high-speed targets are harder to detect than stationary ones when the echo average is active.

1.19.1 How to select the method of clutter adjustment

1. Place the cursor in the [SEA AUTO] or [SEA MAN] (whichever is shown) at the top of the display.

2. Press the left button to display [SEA AUTO] or [SEA MAN] as appropriate.

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1.19.2 How to fine-tune sea clutter reduction

Auto A/C SEA allows for fine tuning of the A/C SEA circuit, within ±20 dB. Accordingly, with the bar reading set to 50, gain is not lowered to minimum as with manual A/C SEA on close-in ranges. Further, the auto A/C SEA level is low because the average value of the original input echo is low in areas where there are no sea surface reflections. For example, when the ship is alongside a quay and the radar picture shows echoes from both land and sea, you can observe the size of the echoes because the STC curve changes with the size of the echoes.

Note: The auto A/C function can erase weak target echoes. Adjust the control carefully, watching the display.

How to fine-tune sea clutter reduction from the control unit (RCU-028)

Rotate the AC/SEA knob (F2). Rotate anticlockwise to decrease the AC/SEA, or clockwise to increase the A/C SEA.

How to fine-tune sea clutter reduction from the on-screen box

1. Select [SEA AUTO], following the procedure in paragraph 1.19.1.

2. Place the arrow on level indicator inside the A/C SEA box at the top of the display.

3. While observing the A/C SEA level indicator, rotate the ADJUST knob clockwise to increase the A/C SEA or counter-clockwise to decrease it. The setting range is [-50] to [50].

1.19.3 How to manually reduce sea clutter

The A/C SEA control reduces the amplification of echoes at short ranges (where clutter is the greatest) and progressively increases amplification as the range increases, so amplification will be normal at those ranges where there is no sea clutter.

Sea clutter at screen center

The proper setting of the A/C SEA should be such that the clutter is broken up into small dots, and small targets become distinguishable. If the setting is set too low, targets will be hidden in the clutter, while if the setting is too high, both sea clutter and targets will disappear from the display. In most cases adjust the control until clutter has disappeared to leeward, but a little is still visible windward. Be careful not to remove all sea clutter, because you may erase weak echoes. Further, the possibility of losing weak echoes is greater when you use both A/C SEA and A/C RAIN to reduce clutter.

A/C SEA control adjusted;

sea clutter reduced

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How to reduce sea clutter manually from the control unit (RCU-028)

Rotate the AC/SEA knob (F2). Rotate anticlockwise to decrease the AC/SEA, or clockwise to increase the A/C SEA.

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How to reduce sea clutter manually from the on-screen box

Left-click inside the box to change the A/C RAIN adjustment method (RAIN AUTO or RAIN MAN)

1. Select [SEA MAN], following the procedure in paragraph 1.19.1.

2. Place the arrow in the A/C SEA level indicator at the top of the display.

3. While observing the A/C SEA level indicator, rotate the ADJUST knob clockwise to increase the A/C SEA or counter-clockwise to decrease it. The setting range is [0] to [100].

1.20 How to Reduce Rain Clutter

Use the AUTO RAIN and A/C RAIN to reduced rain clutter. AUTO RAIN reduces rain clutter in the picture and A/C RAIN reduces clutter picked up by the antenna.

Note 1: When both sea clutter and rain clutter are reduced, the sensitivity is decreased more than when only one is changed. For that reason adjust them carefully.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.20.1 How to select the method of rain clutter reduction

Select the [RAIN] indication at the top-right of the screen, then press the left button to toggle [RAIN AUTO] (automatic reduction) and [RAIN MAN] (manual reduction).

1.20.2 How to manually reduce rain clutter

The vertical beam width of the antenna is designed to see surface targets even when the ship is rolling. However, by this design the unit will also detect rain clutter (rain, snow, or hail) in the same manner as normal targets.

The A/C RAIN control adjusts the receiver sensitivity as the A/C SEA control does but rather in a longer time period (longer range). The higher the setting the greater the anti-clutter effect. When echoes from precipitation mask solid targets, adjust the A/C RAIN control to split up these unwanted echoes into a speckled pattern, making recognition of solid targets easier. Be careful remove all rain clutter, because you can erase weak echoes. Further, the possibility of losing weak echoes is greater when you use both A/C RAIN and A/C SEA to reduce clutter.

Rain clutter at screen center

A/C RAIN control adjusted;

rain clutter reduced

How to fine-tune sea clutter reduction from the control unit (RCU-028)

Rotate the AC/RAIN knob (F1). Rotate anticlockwise to decrease the AC/SEA, or clockwise to increase the A/C SEA.

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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

4 mm/h rain (short pulse)

16 mm/h rain (short pulse)

4 mm/h rain (long pulse)

16 mm/h rain (long pulse)

Original range of first detection (NM)

16 mm/h rain - short pulse 4 mm/h rain - short pulse 16 mm/h rain - long pulse 4 mm/h rain - long pulse

Reduction of rain to first detection due to rain at X-band

The author thanks the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for permission to reproduce Information from its Interantional Standard IEC 62388 ed.1.0 (2007). All such extracts are copyright of IEC, Geneva, Switzerland. All rights reserved. Further information on the IEC is available from www.iec.ch. IEC has no responsibility for the placement and context in which the extracts and contents are reproduced by the author, or is IC in any way responsible for the other content or accuracy therein.

Reduction of Range of First Detection (NM)

How to fine-tune sea clutter reduction from the on-screen box

1. Select the [RAIN] indication at the top-right of the screen, then press the left button to select [RAIN MAN].

2. While observing the A/C RAIN level indicator, rotate the ADJUST knob clockwise to increase the A/C SEA or counter-clockwise to decrease it. 100 levels (0-100) are available.

Note: The detection range is reduced when the RAIN is used to show targets in rain. Generally, the amount of rain, TX pulse length and TX frequency are factors in determining how the detection range is affected. The figure below illustrates this.

How to interpret the graph

Using the graph below as an example, a radar target originally detected on the 8 NM range can only be detected in rain at the ranges shown below:

Level bar

Place arrow inside window to adjust A/C RAIN.

Accordingly, the short pulse may be preferable in rain on ranges less than 10 NM.

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1.21 Interference Rejector

Mutual radar interference can occur in the vicinity of another shipborne radar operating in the same frequency band. It is seen on the screen as a number of bright spikes either in irregular patterns or in the form of usually curved spoke-like dotted lines extending from the center to the edge of the picture. Activating the interference rejector circuit can reduce this type of interference. The interference rejector is a kind of signal correlation circuit. It compares the received signals over successive transmissions and reduces randomly occurring signals. There are three levels of interference rejection depending on the number of transmissions that are correlated.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

To adjust the interference rejector, select the [IR] box at the left side of the screen, then press the left button to cycle through the rejection levels. The available settings, in cyclic order, are: [OFF]  [1]  [2]  [3]  [OFF]...

Level [3] provides the highest level of rejection.

1.22 Echo Stretch

The echo stretch feature enlarges targets in the range and bearing directions to make them easier to see, and it is available on any range. There are three types of echo stretch, 1, 2 and 3, and the higher the number the greater the amount of stretch.

Note: The echo stretch magnifies not only small target pips but also returns (clutter) from sea surface, rain and radar interference. For this reason, make sure these types of interference have been sufficiently reduced before activating the echo stretch.

To set echo stretch, select the [ES] box at the left side of the screen, then press the left button to cycle through the settings.

The cyclic order is [OFF]  [1]  [2]  [3]  [OFF]...

Example of interference

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1.23 Echo Averaging

The echo averaging feature effectively reduces sea clutter. Echoes received from stable targets such as ships appear on the screen at almost the same position every rotation of the antenna. On the other hand, unstable echoes such as sea clutter appear at random positions.

To distinguish real target echoes from sea clutter, echoes are averaged over successive picture frames. If an echo is solid and stable over successive frames, it is presented in its normal intensity. Sea clutter is averaged over successive scans and its brilliance reduced, making it easier to discriminate real targets from sea clutter.

Echo averaging uses scan-to-scan signal correlation technique based on the true motion over the ground of each target. Thus, small stationary targets such as buoys will be shown while reducing random echoes such as sea clutter. True echo averaging is not however effective for picking up small targets running at high speeds over the ground.

Note 1: With echo average active it is harder to detect high-speed targets than stationary ones.

Note 2: Do not use the echo averaging function under heavy pitching and rolling; loss of targets can result.

Note 3: Echo averaging requires heading, position and speed data.

Before using the echo averaging function, reduce sea clutter with the A/C SEA control. Leave a little sea clutter on the screen so as not to erase weak targets. Then, do as follows:

Select the [EAV] box at the left side of the screen, then press the left button to select the desired level of echo averaging.

• [OFF]

• [1], [2]

• [3]

: Echo averaging is not enabled : Detects targets hidden in sea clutter. [2] is more effective than [1] in detecting targets hidden in strong sea clutter. However, [1] is more effective than [2] in displaying high-speed targets. Select the setting best suited to current conditions. For effective monitoring of high-speed craft, you should use [2] together with Wiper. : Stably displays unstable targets; distinguishes high-speed craft from sea clutter.

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ACE not activated

ACE activated

Place arrow inside window to adjust ACE.

[ACE]

1 BACK 2 SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT 1 / 2 / 3 3 SUPPRESS SECTOR START : 000 ANGLE : 000

1.24 Automatic Clutter Elimination (ACE) Function

This radar has the Automatic Clutter Elimination (ACE) function. This function detects sea and rain clutter from received echoes’ range and bearing trend and automatically reduces sea and rain clutter according to the Automatic Clutter Elimination (ACE) threshold setting.

Note: Use this function with caution. Weak target echoes may disappear from the screen.

1.24.1 How to turn the Automatic Clutter Elimination (ACE) function on/off

Select the [ACE] box at the top left of the operational display area, then press the left button to switch the [ACE] function [ON] or [OFF].

When [ACE] is activated, the [SEA] box and [RAIN] box are gray colored and cannot be adjusted. The [GAIN] box changes to [GAIN ACE], as shown in the figure below.

Note: When [PERFORMANCE MON] (see section 1.47) or [SART] (see section 2.3) is [ON], [ACE] is disabled and cannot be activated.

1.24.2 How to adjust the gain in Automatic Clutter Elimination (ACE) mode

Rotate the F3 knob to adjust the sensitivity. (For default function key settings only.)

ACE can also be adjusted by placing the cursor inside the [GAIN ACE] level, then rotating the ADJUST knob.

1.24.3 How to get high sensitivity

When Automatic Clutter Elimination (ACE) function is [ON], the high sensitivity mode operates while pressing the GAIN control. You can select the level for the high sensitivity mode as follows:

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ECHO], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [0 ACE] (For non-IMO radars) or [9 ACE]

(IMO radars), then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT], then push the

ADJUST knob.

5. Select the level from [1], [2] or [3].

6. Close the menu.

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1.24.4 How to suppress false echoes

The echo signals can appear on the screen at positions where there is no target or disappear when there are targets (see section 2.2). You can suppress the false echoes.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ECHO], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [0 ACE] (For non-IMO radars) or [9 ACE] (IMO radars), then push the AD- JUST knob.

4. Select [SUPPRESS SECTOR], then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Rotate the ADJUST knob to set the starting angle for sector to be suppressed, then push the ADJUST knob.

6. Rotate the ADJUST knob to set the angle range of the sector to be suppressed, then push the ADJUST knob.

7. Close the menu.

1.25 Noise Rejector

White noise can show itself on the screen as random “speckles” spread over the entire radar image. This equipment reduces the white noise, then improves the on-screen S/ N ratio by processing the weighted moving average filter for the received echoes in the range direction.

Note: Use this function with caution. Weak target echoes may disappear from the screen or the range resolution may worsen.

You can remove this noise by placing the cursor inside the [NR] box at the left side of the screen, then press the left button to select [ON] or [OFF].

1.26 Wiper

The wiper feature automatically reduces the brilliance of weak signals (noise, sea clutter, rain clutter, etc.) and unwanted signals such as radar interference to clear the picture of unwanted echoes. Its effect depends on the wiper setting used and whether each averaging is turned on or off, as described below.

Echo averaging OFF Condition A Condition A Echo averaging ON(1/2/3) Condition A Condition B

Condition A: The brilliance of unwanted weak echoes, such as noise, sea clutter and rain clutter, is reduced to clear up the picture. The difference between wiper setting [1] and [2] is that brilliance is lowered more slowly in [2].

Wiper setting 1 Wiper setting 2

1-26

Condition B: Echo averaging is automatically activated when the wiper feature is

turned on, allowing you to instantly see how the picture is affected with echo averaging turned off and turned on.

To activate the wiper feature, do the following:

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

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2. Select [ECHO], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [WIPER], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Rotate the ADJUST knob to cycle through and select the desired setting. The options, in order, are: OFF  1  2  OFF... With the desired setting selected, push the ADJUST knob.

5. Close the menu.

1.27 How to Preset Controls for a Specific Navigation Purpose

Every time your navigating environment or task changes, you must adjust the radar, which can be a nuisance in a busy situation. Instead of changing radar settings case by case, it is possible to assign the function keys to provide optimum settings for oftenencountered situations.

The radar's internal computer offers several picture preset options to be assigned to each function key for your specific navigating requirements. For instance, one of the presets is [HEAVY RAIN], and is designed to be used in heavy rain.

Two user-programmable presets are also provided (labeled as [CUSTOM1], [CUSTOM2]), so that you can have the radar automatically set to those conditions which are not covered by the provided setup options.

Below are the preset options provided with this radar.

Label Description Label Description

[CUSTOM1] User-defined custom set-

tings.

[NEAR] Optimum setting for short

range detection using a range scale of 3 NM or less on calm seas.

[HEAVY RAIN] Optimum setting for rough

weather or heavy rain.

Each picture option defines a combination of several radar settings for achieving optimum setup for a particular navigating situation. These include interference rejector, echo stretch, echo average, noise rejector, automatic anti-sea and anti-rain clutters, video contrast, pulse length and sea and radar conditions.

Changing these features from the [CUSTOMIZE ECHO] menu changes the original function key settings. To restore the original settings for a particular customize option, it is necessary to select the default setting. For this reason, we recommended that you use the user-programmable presets ([CUSTOM1] or [CUSTOM2]) when frequent adjustment of the radar image is necessary.

[CUSTOM2] User-defined custom set-

tings.

[FAR] Optimum setting for long

range detection, on a range scale of 6 NM or larger.

[SHIP] Optimum setting for detecting

other vessels.

The default settings for the custom presets are listed in a table on the following page.

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Page 44

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

CUSTOM1

GAIN MODE

MAN

MAN85MAN85MAN85MAN

LEVEL

CUSTOM2 NEAR FAR

HEAVY

RAIN

SHIP

SEA MODE

MAN

30 30 30 30 40 30

AUTO MAN MAN MAN MAN

LEVEL

RAIN

INT REJECT

MODE

MAN

00004025 111122

21 OFF 3 OFF 2

211221

ONOFF OFF OFF ON ON 2-B2-B 2-B 3-B 1-B 2-B ONOFF OFF OFF ON ON

8080 80 80 80 80

S1S1 S1 S1 S1 S1

S1S1 S1 S2 S1 S2

S2S1 S1 M1 S1 M1

M1S2 S2 M2 S2 M2

M2M2 M1 M3 M1 M3

M3M3 M2 L M2 L

LL M3 L M3 L

MAN MAN MAN MAN MAN

LEVEL

PULSE (FAR-1518/1528)

0.5NM

0.75NM

SSSMSM

MMMMMM

PULSE (FAR-1513/1523)

1.5NM

3NM

1.5NM

3NM

6NM

12NM 24NM

333333

CONDITION NEAR

STC CURVE

000000

LOW LEVEL ECHO

Set at installation.

STC ANT HEIGHT (m)

ECHO STRETCH

ECHO AVERAGE

NOISE REJECT VIDEO CONTRAST TYPE ACE ACE GAIN

Customize echo box

Default settings

1.27.1 How to select a customized echo

1-28

Left-click [CUSTOMIZE ECHO] box at the top left of the screen to cycle through the options and select a customized echo option. The available options, in cyclic order, are: [CUSTOM1]  [CUSTOM2]  [NEAR]  [FAR]  [HEAVY RAIN]  [SHIP].

Page 45

1.27.2 How to edit a customized echo

CONTRAST

LEVEL

CONTRAST

LEVEL

CONTRAST

LEVEL

CONTRAST

LEVEL

B C

1. Select a customize echo option to edit (see paragraph 1.27.1).

2. Select the [CUSTOMIZE ECHO] box, then press the right button to display the

[CUSTOMIZE ECHO] menu.

3. Set the items below referring to the sections shown.

• [INT REJECT] : section 1.21 • [HATCHING] : section 1.37

• [ECHO STRETCH] : section 1.22 • [NOISE REJECT] : section 1.25

• [ECHO AVERAGE] : section 1.23 • [PULSE] : section 1.17

• [TARGET ANALYZER] : section 1.37 • [ACE] : section 1.24

4. Select [VIDEO CONTRAST TYPE], then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Select [1], [2], [3] or [4] (Dynamic Range) or [A], [B], [C] (Curve) as appropriate

then press the left button. Refer to the description and illustration below.

1-4: Control dynamic range. 1 provides the widest dynamic range; 4 is the narrowest dynamic range.

A: Low level echo brilliance is reduced and noise and clutter are also reduced. B: Low and high level echoes are displayed evenly. C: High level echoes' outer edge has gradation to indicate the echo level, with the

higher level echo at the core.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

6. Select [9 CONDITION], then push the ADJUST knob.

7. Select [2 NEAR STC CURVE], then push the ADJUST knob.

8. Select the appropriate setting for the current sea conditions, then push the AD-

JUST knob. The available settings are: [2], [2.5], [3], [3.5], [4.2]. A higher setting is recommended for rough weather.

9. Select [1 STC ANT HEIGHT], then push the ADJUST knob.

10. Select the radar antenna height (above the waterline), then push the ADJUST

knob.

11. If necessary, select [2 LOW LEVEL ECHO] to reject low level echoes. The setting

range is [0] to [8]. The higher the figure, the stronger the low level echo that is erased.

12. To save custom settings, select [SAVE] from [0 DEFAULT], then push the AD-

JUST knob.

1.27.3 How to restore a user customized echo to the saved settings

If you get lost in operation while changing the settings for a user customized echo, you can easily restore the settings for that user customized echo saved at paragraph 1.27.2.

1. Select the [CUSTOMIZE ECHO] box, then press the right button to display the

[CUSTOMIZE ECHO] menu.

2. Select [0 DEFAULT], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [USER], then push the ADJUST knob.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.27.4 How to restore a user customized echo to the factory default settings

You can restore customized echo options to their factory default (see the table on page 1-28).

1. Select the [CUSTOMIZE ECHO] box, then press the right button to display the

[CUSTOMIZE ECHO] menu.

2. Select [0 DEFAULT], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [FACTORY], then push the ADJUST knob.

1.28 How to Reject Second-trace Echoes

In certain situations, echoes from very distance targets can appear as false echoes (second-trace echoes) on the screen. This occurs when the return echo is received one transmission cycle later, or after a next radar pulse has been transmitted.

Pulse interval

Actual ranges

Second-trace echo

Measured ranges

This equipment lengthens the pulse repetition period to reject false echoes.

Note: This function decreases the number of echo hits. Use this function carefully so that the possibility of detecting small targets and high-speed craft does not lessen.

To reject second trace echoes, do the following:

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ECHO], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [2ND ECHO REJ], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [ON], then push the ADJUST knob. Select [OFF] to disable rejection.

5. Close the menu.

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1.29 Presentation Modes

Heading line

North marker

This radar has the following presentation modes available:

Relative Motion (RM)

HEAD UP : Not stabilized STAB HEAD UP : Head-up with compass bearing scale (True Bearing) where the

bearing scale rotates with the compass reading.

COURSE UP : Compass-stabilized relative to ship’s orientation at the time of se-

lecting COURSE UP. NORTH UP : Compass-stabilized with reference to North. STERN UP : The radar image is rotated 180°. Graphics and relative and true

bearings are also rotated 180°.

True Motion (TM)

Land objects and sea are stationary. Requires compass and speed data.

1.29.1 How to select an presentation mode

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Select the [PRESENTATION MODE] box at the top left corner of the screen, then press the left button to select a presentation mode.

= Other modes: STERN UP RM, STAB HEAD UP RM, COURSE UP RM, NORTH UP RM, NORTH UP TM

Loss of gyrocompass signal

When the compass signal is lost, "GYRO" appears in yellow-orange in the [ALERT] box, the presentation mode automatically becomes HEAD UP, and TT and AIS targets, map and chart are erased. After restoring the compass signal (when using AD10 heading data), "HEADING SET" appears in the [ALERT] box. Stop the alert with the [ALERT ACK] key or select the [ALERT] box, then press the left button. Check the GYRO data.

1.29.2 Description of presentation modes

HEAD UP mode

A display without azimuth stabilization in which the line that connects the center with the top of the display indicates your heading. Targets are shown at their measured distances and their directions relative to your heading. The short dotted line on the bearing scale is the north marker.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Heading line

North marker

Heading line

North marker

Heading line

North marker

(a) True motion is selected

(b) Your ship has reached a point 50% of display radius

COURSE UP mode

The radar picture is stabilized and displayed with the currently selected course at the top of the screen. When you change the heading, the heading line moves with the course selected. If you select a new course, select the course up mode again to display the new course at the top of the display. Targets are shown at their measured distances and their directions relative to the set course, which is at the 0-degree position. The heading line moves according to the yawing and any course change.

NORTH UP mode

Targets are shown at their measured distances and their true (compass) directions from your ship. North is at the top of the screen. The heading line changes its direction according to your heading.

STAB HEAD UP mode

Radar echoes are shown in the same way as in the HEAD UP mode. The difference from normal HEAD UP presentation lies in the orientation of the bearing scale. The bearing scale is heading sensor stabilized. That is, it rotates in accordance with the heading sensor signal, enabling you to know own ship's heading at a glance.

This mode is available when the radar is interfaced with a gyrocompass. If the gyrocompass fails, the bearing scale returns to the state of HEAD UP mode.

True motion mode

Your ship and other objects in motion move with their true courses and speed. All fixed targets, like landmasses, appear as fixed echoes in ground stabilized TM. When your ship reaches a point that is 50% of the radius of the display, the position is reset. The ship appears at 75% radius opposite to the extension of the heading line on the display center. You can manually reset your ship symbol if you highlight the [CU/TM RESET] indication at the top of the screen, then press the left button.

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Page 49

STERN UP mode

Heading line

North marker

The STERN UP mode rotates the HEAD UP mode picture, relative and true bearings and display graphics 180°. This mode is useful on dual-radar tugboats when backing up; one radar shows HEAD UP and another shows STERN UP. To enable the STERN UP mode, turn on [STERN UP] on the [OPERATION] menu.

1.30 How to Select a Range Scale

The selected range scale, range ring interval and pulselength are shown at the upper left corner on the screen. When a target of interest comes closer, reduce the range scale so that it appears in 50-90% of the display radius.

1. Place the cursor in the [RANGE] box at the top left corner of the screen.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Range Box

2. Press the left button to lower the range; the right button to raise the range. You can also select the range by rotating the ADJUST knob then pushing the AD-

JUST knob when the cursor is inside the range box.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

000

010

020

030

040

050

060

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090

100

110

120

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200

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250

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

350

VRM1

VRM2

>0.66NM<

1.18NM

45:02 99:59

TTG to VRM

No. 1 VRM

No. 2 VRM

Target

Currently active VRM is

shown enclosed in “>....<”

1.31 How to Measure Range

The range to a target can be measured three ways: with the fixed range rings, with the cursor, or with the VRM.

Use the fixed range rings to get an estimate of the range to a target. The rings are the concentric solid circles on the display. The number of rings is automatically set by the current range scale. The distance between the rings is the range ring interval, and the current interval appears at the upper-left position on the screen. To measure the range to a target with the range rings, count the number of rings between the center of the display and the target. Check the range ring interval and estimate the distance of the echo from the inner edge of the nearest ring.

1.31.1 How to show/hide the range rings

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [NAVTOOL], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [RANGE RING], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Rotate the ADJUST knob to select [ON] or [OFF] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Close the menu.

1.31.2 How to measure range with the variable range marker (VRM)

There are two VRMs, No. 1 and No. 2, which appear as dashed rings so that you can distinguish them from the fixed range rings. The two VRMs can be distinguished from each other by the different lengths of their dashes; the dashes on the No. 2 VRM are longer.

1-34

There are two methods for measuring range with the VRMs, using the VRM key and on-screen menu box operation.

Page 51

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Using the VRM key

1. Press the VRM key to display the VRM boxes. Press the VRM key again to switch between active VRMs. The currently active VRM marker is displayed as shown in the figure on the previous page.

2. Rotate the ADJUST knob to align the active VRM with the inner edge of the target, then read the distance at the lower right of the screen. In the on the previous page, the VRM reads "0.66NM". Each VRM remains at the same geographical distance when you operate the RANGE key or the [RANGE] box. This means that the apparent radius of the VRM ring changes in proportion to the selected range scale.

3. Press and hold the VRM key to erase the selected VRM.

On-screen menu box operation

1. Select the appropriate VRM box.

2. The guidance box reads "VRM ON/". Press the left button to turn on the VRM. The guidance box now reads "VRM SET L = DELETE /".

3. Press the left button again and the cursor jumps to inside the operational display area. The guidance box now reads "VRM FIX / EXIT".

4. Rotate the ADJUST knob to set the distance for VRM. Note: The maximum VRM distance is set by the current display range and can be set as high as twice the distance of the display range.

5. Press the left button to anchor the VRM and fix its readout, or press the right but- ton to cancel and return the VRM to its previous location (range).

6. Press and hold the VRM key to erase the selected VRM.

1.31.3 How to set the VRM unit of measurement (non-IMO type only)

VRMs can be displayed in the following units of measurement:

• NM (Nautical Miles)

• SM (Statute Miles)

To change the unit of measurement, do the following:

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [NAVTOOL], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [EBL•VRM], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [VRM1] or [VRM2] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Select the unit of measurement, then push the ADJUST knob.

• KM (Kilometers)

• KYD (Kiloyards)

6. Close the menu.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

VRM1

>3.682NM<

01:15

TTG indication

000

010

020

030

040

050

060

070

080

090

100

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120

130

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270

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310

320

330

340

350

No. 2 EBL

Target blip

No. 1 EBL

Range markers on EBLs

VRM1

VRM2

12.1NM

EBL1

EBL2

>128.0°T<

100.8

>10.2

1.31.4 How to show TTG to VRM

TTG (Time To Go) to a selected VRM can be displayed as follows:

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [NAVTOOL], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [EBL•VRM•CURSOR], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [VRM TTG], then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Select [OFF], [1], [2] or [1&2] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

• [OFF]:

• [1]:

• [2]:

• [1&2]:

6. Close the menu.

No TTG to VRM displayed. TTG to VRM1 displayed. TTG to VRM2 displayed. TTG to VRM1 and VRM2 displayed.

1.32 How to Measure Bearing

The Electronic Bearing Lines (EBLs) are used to take bearings of targets.There are two EBLs, EBL1 and EBL2. Each EBL is a straight dashed line extending out from the own ship position up to the circumference of the radar picture. The two EBLs can be distinguished from each other by the different lengths of their dashes; the dashes on EBL2 are longer.

Each EBL has an EBRL (Electronic Bearing Range Line, indicated as a short line, crossing the EBL at right angles). When VRM is not displayed and only EBL is displayed, the EBRL shows the range from the EBL origin.

When VRMs are displayed with EBLs the VRM overlaps the EBRL. The value for EBRL and VRM is the same and is displayed in the VRM box at the bottom-right of the screen.

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1.32.1 Methods to measure bearing

There are two methods for measuring bearing, using the EBL key and on-screen menu box operation.

Using the EBL key

1. Press the EBL key to display the EBL boxes. Press the key again to change between EBLs. The currently active EBL appears as shown in the figure below.

EBL1

>189.5°T<

EBL2

2. Rotate the ADJUST knob clockwise or counterclockwise until the active EBL bisects the target of interest, and read its bearing at the lower-left corner of the screen.

3. Press and hold the EBL key to erase the active EBL.

159.8°T

On-screen menu box operation

1. Select the appropriate EBL box.

Currently active EBL is shown enclosed in “>...<”

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

2. The guidance box reads "EBL ON/". Press the left button to turn on the EBL.The guidance box now reads "EBL SET L=DELETE /".

3. Press the left button again and the cursor jumps to inside the operational display area. The guidance box now reads "EBL FIX L=DELETE/".

4. Rotate the ADJUST knob clockwise or counterclockwise until the active EBL bisects the target of interest, then push the ADJUST knob to anchor the EBL. Read the bearing at the lower-left corner of the screen.

5. Press and hold the EBL key to erase the active EBL.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

000

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010

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270

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290

300

310

320

330

340

350

No. 1 EBL

EBL1

>169.7°T<

VRM1

>3.85NM<

EBL1

>145.1°T<

VRM1

>3.85NM<

(a) (b)

1.32.2 True or relative bearing

The EBL readout is affixed by "R" (relative) if it is relative to own ship's heading, "T" (true) if it is referenced to the north. True or relative indication is available regardless of presentation mode.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [NAVTOOL], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [EBL•VRM], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [EBL1] or [EBL2] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Select the [REL] or [TRUE] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

6. Close the menu.

Note: The EBL and its indication change according to gyrocompass changes as follows:

Gyro heading EBL changes

HEAD UP / relative EBL indication and EBL marker are unchanged. HEAD UP / true EBL indication does not change, however the EBL

marker moves accordingly

COURSE UP / relative EBL indication does not change, however the EBL

marker moves accordingly. COURSE UP / true EBL indication and EBL marker are unchanged. NORTH UP / relative EBL indication does not change, however the EBL

marker moves accordingly NORTH UP / true EBL indication and EBL marker are unchanged.

1.33 Collision Assessment by Offset EBL

The origin of the EBL can be placed anywhere with the Touchpad to enable measurement of range and bearing between any two targets. This function is also useful for assessment of the potential risk of collision. It is possible to read CPA (Closest Point of Approach) by using a VRM as shown in (a) in the illustration below. If the EBL passes through the sweep origin (own ship) as shown in (b) in the illustration below, the target ship is on a collision course.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.33.1 How to assess risk of collision using the offset EBL

There are two methods for assessing risk collision. You can use the control unit or the [CURSOR] menu.

Using the control unit (RCU-028)

Note: The [EBL OFFSET] function must be assigned to a function key (F1, F2 or F3)

for this method. See section 1.9 for how to assign the function keys.

1. Press the EBL key to display or activate an EBL (EBL1 or EBL2).

2. Place the cursor on a target appearing as threatening (indicated as “A” in the figure above).

3. Press the EBL OFFSET function key and the origin of the active EBL shifts to the cursor position. Press the EBL OFFSET function key again to anchor the EBL origin.

4. After waiting for a few minutes (at least 3 minutes), operate the ADJUST knob un-

til the EBL bisects the target at the new position (A target ship's course, which can be true or relative depending on the EBL bearing reference setting.

Note: If relative motion is selected, it is also possible to read CPA by using a VRM as shown in left-hand figure at the top of the next page. If the EBL passes through the sweep origin (own ship) as illustrated in the right-hand figure above, the target ship is on a collision course.

). The EBL readout shows the

5. To return the EBL origin to the own ship's position, press the EBL OFFSET function key.

Using the on-screen box

1. Select the operational display area, then press the right button. The [CURSOR] context menu appears.

2. Select [EBL OFFSET], then press the left button.

3. Select the operational display area, then press the left button. The EBL line is attached to the cursor.

4. Place the offset EBL on the target appearing as threatening, then press the left button.

5. After waiting for a few minutes (at least 3 minutes), operate the EBL used in step

4 until it bisects the target at the new position (A target ship's course, which can be true or relative depending on the EBL bearing reference setting.

6. To return the EBL origin to the own ship's position, repeat steps 1 and 2, then press the right button.

7. Close the menu.

). The EBL readout shows the

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.33.2 How to set the origin point reference for EBL OFFSET

The origin point of the offset EBL can be ground stabilized (geographically fixed), north stabilized (true) or referenced to own ship’s heading (relative).

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [NAVTOOL], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. For IMO radars, select [EBL•VRM•CURSOR], then push the ADJUST knob. For non-IMO radars, select [EBL•VRM], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [EBL OFFSET BASE], then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Rotate the ADJUST knob to select [STAB GND], [STAB HDG] or [STAB NORTH] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

• [STAB GND]:

Reference to latitude and longitude. Origin position is always fixed regardless of your ship's movement.

• [STAB HDG]:

Reference to heading. The relationship between origin position and own position is kept always.

• [STAB NORTH]:

Reference to North. The origin position changes with North position.

6. Close the menu.

1.34 How to Measure Range and Bearing Between Two Targets

030

040

050

Target 3

130

140

150

VRM1

VRM2

No. 2 EBL

Range

060

Marker

070

080

090

100

110

120

>0.50NM<

0.98NM

Range/bearing between targets 1 and 2

Range/bearing between targets 3 and 4

No.1 EBL

EBL1

EBL2

Range Marker

300

290

280

270

260

250

240

>140.0°R<

335.2

320

310

EBL

origin

230

220

340

330

Target 2

Target 1

210

200

350

190

000

010

Target 4

170

180

020

160

1-40

How to measure range and bearing from the [CURSOR] menu

This procedure uses EBL1 and VRM1 as an example and is written on the premise that neither of the EBLs or VRMs is active.

1. Place the cursor on the EBL1 box, then press the left button. EBL1 is now active.

2. Place the cursor inside the operational display area, then press the right button.

The [CURSOR] context menu appears.

3. Select [EBL OFFSET], then push the ADJUST knob. The cursor is displayed with

a red surround. The [EBL OFFSET] mode is now active.

Page 57

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

4. With the cursor in the operational display area, press the ADJUST knob. EBL1 moves to the cursor location.

5. Place the offset EBL on the target of interest (Target 1), then push the ADJUST knob.

6. Press the right button to deactivate the [EBL OFFSET] mode. The red surround on the cursor disappears.

7. Place the cursor on the EBL1 box, then rotate the ADJUST knob until EBL1 intersects the secondary target (Target 2 in the example figure).

8. Place the cursor on the VRM1 box, then rotate the ADJUST knob until the range marker on EBL1 aligns with Target 2. The readouts for EBL1 and VRM1, at the bottom of the screen, indicate the bearing and range between the Target 1 and Target 2.

9. You can repeat the same procedure on third and fourth targets (shown as “Target 3” and “Target 4” in the above example) by using EBL2 and VRM2.

Bearing is shown relative to own ship with suffix "R" or as a true bearing with suffix "T" depending on EBL relative/true settings in the [EBL•VRM] menu.

How to measure range and bearing from the control unit

Range and bearing can be measure using the function keys. This requires at one of the function keys (F1, F2 or F3) to be assigned the [EBL OFFSET] function.

This procedure uses [EBL1] and [VRM1] as an example, with F1 assigned as the [EBL OFFSET] function key.

1. Press the EBL key to activate EBL1.

2. Place the cursor inside the operational display area, then press the F1 knob. EBL1 moves to the cursor.

3. Place the cursor (EBL1 moves with the cursor) on a target of interest. (Shown as “Target 1” in the above example), then press the ADJUST knob.

4. Press the right button.

5. Place the cursor on the [EBL1] box.

6. Rotate the ADJUST knob to move the EBL until it passes through another target of interest. (Shown as “Target 2” in the above example).

7. Press the VRM key, to activate VRM1.

8. Rotate the ADJUST knob until the range marker on the EBL is on the inside edge of Target 2. The readouts for EBL1 and VRM1, at the bottom of the screen, indicate the bearing and range between the Target 1 and Target 2.

9. You can repeat the same procedure on third and fourth targets (shown as “Target 3” and “Target 4” in the above example) by using the No. 2 EBL and the No. 2 VRM.

Bearing is shown relative to own ship with suffix "R" or as a true bearing with suffix "T" depending on EBL relative/true settings in the [EBL•VRM] menu.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Target 2

EBL1

EBL origin

Linked VRM1

Target 1

How to reset the EBL origin to the center of the screen

1. Place the cursor on the EBL1 box, then press the left button. EBL1 is now active.

2. Place the cursor inside the operational display area, then press the right button. The [CURSOR] context menu appears.

3. Select [EBL OFFSET], then push the ADJUST knob. The cursor is displayed with a red surround.

4. Press the left button. The EBL returns to the center of the display.

5. Press the right button to deactivate the [EBL OFFSET] mode. The red surround on the cursor disappears.

How to link EBL and VRM OFFSET

You can link the EBL and VRM offset to show the VRM range ring with one target as the center-point. This may helpful if the range marker on the EBL is difficult to see.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select NAVTOOL, then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [EBL•VRM•CURSOR], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [VRM OFFSET], then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Select [LINK EBL], the push the ADJUST knob. The offset EBL is now displayed with the linked VRM range ring, as indicated in the figure below.

000

010

EBL1

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Target 1

EBL origin

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1.35 How to Off-Center the Display

Off-centered displayPut cursor where desired and do appropriate off-center procedure.

Cursor

Own ship position, or sweep origin, can be displaced to expand the view field without switching to a larger range scale. The sweep origin can be off-centered to the cursor position, but not more than 75% of the range in use; if the cursor is set beyond 75% of the range scale, the sweep origin will be off-centered to the point of 75% of the limit.

This feature is not available on the 96 nm range or in the true motion mode.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

If the conning position is outside the effective radar display, some parts of the bearing scale are not shown. For details, see section 1.48.

How to off-center the display from the control unit

1. Place the cursor at the position where you wish to move the sweep origin.

2. Press the OFF CENTER key. The sweep origin is now off-centered at the cursor position.

3. To cancel off-centering, press the OFF CENTER key again.

How to off-center the display from the on-screen menu

1. Place the cursor at the position where you wish to move the sweep origin.

2. Press the right button to show the [CURSOR] menu.

3. Select [OFF CENTER], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. To cancel [OFF CENTER], press the right button.

Note: When the conditions shown below are met, off-center cannot be canceled. This is because the radar antenna position is located at a position greater than 75% of the effective radar display.

• Own ship marker is large.

• The distance between antenna position and conning position is large.

• Short-distance display range.

To cancel the off-center, select a larger range, then cancel the off-center.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

True target trails Stationary targets are not smeared.

Relative target trails Targets move relative to own ship, stationary targets are smeared.

1.36 Target Trails

The trails of the radar echoes of targets can be displayed in the form of synthetic afterglow. Target trails are shown either relative or true and can be sea or ground stabilized. True motion trails require a compass signal, and position and speed data. When the range is changed, trails are continued for targets which were already displayed in the previous range. Newly detected targets have no trail when first detected.

1.36.1 True or relative trails

You can display echo trails in true or relative motion. Relative trails show relative movements between targets and own ship. True motion trails present true target movements in accordance with their over-the-ground speeds and courses.

Note 1: The [TRAIL MODE] box is shown in yellow under following conditions:

• [TRAIL MODE] is set to [TRUE] and presentation mode is set to [HEAD UP RM].

• [TRAIL MODE] is set to [TRUE] and presentation mode is set to [STERN UP].

The reference for the past position displays for AIS and TT is also switched whenever trail reference is switched.

Note 2: The [TRAIL MODE] box is shown in cyan under the following conditions:

• [TRAIL MODE] is set to [TRUE] and presentation mode is set to [STAB HEAD UP RM].

• [TRAIL MODE] is set to [TRUE] and presentation mode is set to [COURSE UP RM].

• [TRAIL MODE] is set to [TRUE] and presentation mode is set to [NORTH UP RM].

1. Select the [TRAIL] box at the bottom-right of the screen, then press the right but-

ton. The [TRAIL MENU] appears.

2. Select [TRAIL MODE], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Referring to the figure on the right, select the appropriate trail mode, then push the

ADJUST knob.

4. Close the menu.

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1.36.2 Trail time

Trail time setting

Trail menu

Displayed as: “TRUE-S”, “TRUE-G” or “REL”. S: Sea stablized, G: Ground stabilized, REL: Relative

Trail time is the interval at which the trail is plotted on-screen. You can change the trail time as follows:

Using the control unit (RCU-028)

1. Place the cursor on the trail time setting inside the [TRAIL] box at the bottom-right corner of the screen, then press the left button. You can also press the TGT TRAIL key to cycle through and select the desired setting.

The options, in order, are: [OFF]  [15 sec]  [30 sec]  [1 min]  [3 min]  [6 min]  [15 min]  [30 min]  [CONT]  [OFF]...

Using the on-screen box

1. Place the cursor on the trail time setting inside the TRAIL box, at the bottom-right of the screen.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

2. Rotate the ADJUST knob to change the trail time. The time is changed in 30 second increments Note: When using the scrollwheel on the RCU-030 to change the trail time, the time is changed in 30 second increments also.

Note 1: The timer displays the elapsed time of the selected trail. Use caution when using this feature, as the displayed time is not the overall trail time. Also, when the trail timer is displayed, the trail accuracy of other ship’s echoes may be lowered. When the trail time reaches the preset interval, the timer disappears.

Note 2: The [CONT] option sets the trail time plotting as continuous. When the plotting time reaches 29:59, the timer is hidden. The timer reappears when [TRAIL ALL CLEAR] is selected, or when the range is changed.

1.36.3 Trail gradation

The trail afterglow can be displayed in a single tone or with gradual shading.

(Monotone shading)

1. Select the [TRAIL] box at the bottom-right corner of the screen, then press the right button to display the [TRAIL MENU].

Single

Multiple

(Gradual shading)

2. Select [TRAIL GRAD], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [Single] or [Multi] (Multiple) as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Close the menu.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.36.4 Trail level

The level, or intensity, of the afterglow that extends from radar targets can be selected as below.

1. Select the [TRAIL] box at the bottom-right corner of the screen, then press the right button to display the [TRAIL MENU].

2. Select [TRAIL LEVEL], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select the appropriate setting, then push the ADJUST knob. The higher the number, the greater the intensity of the afterglow.

4. Close the menu.

1.36.5 Narrow trails (Non-IMO only)

Target trails can be painted with thinner lines if desired. This can be useful when there are a lot of targets on the screen and it is hard to distinguish one from another.

1. Select the [TRAIL] box at the bottom-right corner of the screen, then press the right button to display the [TRAIL MENU].

2. Select [NARROW TRAIL], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select the appropriate setting from [OFF], [1] or [2], then push the ADJUST knob. [2] is thinner than [1].

4. Close the menu.

1.36.6 How to hide the trails temporarily

Following the procedure outlined in "Trail time" on page 1-45, set the trail time to [OFF]. The trails are hidden from view, but are continued. To show the trails again, repeat the procedure, setting the trail time to any interval other than [OFF].

1.36.7 Trail stabilization in true motion

True motion trails can be ground stabilized or sea stabilized. The [TRAIL] box shows current stabilization as "TRUE-G" or "TRUE-S". To change stabilization mode, open the [SHIP SPEED MENU] menu and set [SHIP SPEED] to [LOG(BT)] (ground stabilization) or [LOG(WT)] (sea stabilization).

1.36.8 How to erase/restart trails

All trails can be erased (including those in the memory) and restarted to start fresh trails.

1-46

To erase trails, select the [TRAIL] box, then press and hold the left button. You can also press and hold TGT TRAIL key to erase trails.

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1.36.9 How to prevent sea clutter in true trails

You can prevent the display of sea clutter in true trails about your ship to clear the radar picture. Your ship's trails can also be shown or hidden.

1. Select the [TRAIL] box at the bottom-right corner of the screen, then press the right button to display the [TRAIL MENU].

2. Select [OS TRAIL], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [OFF], [1] or [2] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

Option Show own ship’s trail Prevent sea clutter in true trails

[OFF] No No

[1] Yes Yes [2] No Yes

4. Close the menu.

1.37 Target Analyzer (Non-IMO only)

The target analyzer function analyzes echoes and assists the operator to determine dangerous targets. This function is particularly useful under heavy rain/snow or where there is surface reflection, which can cause interference and noise.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

The target analyzer function can also place hatching over heavy rain areas, reducing the visible interference and allowing a clearer view of potential targets.

Echoes are displayed in five different colors to assist the operator in identifying targets. The colors and their respective echoes change depending on the echo color selected from the [BRILL] menu (see section 1.43.2) are shown in the table below.

Echo

Surface reflection Green Green Green Green Green Green Rain Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Moving target Red Red Red Red Pink Pink Approaching target Pink Pink Pink Pink White White Other echoes Yellow Green White Amber Red to green Red to blue

YEL GRN WHT AMB M-GRN M-CYA

Selected echo color

The following example figures show the manner in which this function affects displayed echoes.

No echo adjustment (Target analyzer off, EAV off, hatching off) Rain, moving targets and surface reflections are all displayed with no filtering.

Minimal echo adjustment (Target analyzer on, EAV off, hatching off) Echoes are colored, surface reflections are filtered, rain is displayed.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Maximum echo adjustment (Target analyzer on, EAV on, hatching on) Echoes are colored, surface reflections are filtered, rain is displayed in gray colored hatching.

Moderate echo adjustment (Target analyzer on, EAV on, hatching off) Echoes are colored, surface reflections and rain are filtered.

Note 1: This function works best when the settings for [GAIN], [STC], [RAIN], [NOISE REJECT] and [VIDEO CONTRAST] are properly adjusted (surface reflections are displayed in green and rain is displayed in gray).

Note 2: This function recognizes moving targets as approaching targets. Buoys and other stationary objects are not recognized as approaching targets by this function.

Note 3: The target analyzer function requires a short period of time to analyze echoes and display them on-screen. If your antenna revolves at more than 40 rpm, moving targets may not be displayed correctly. For this reason, caution is advised when using the target analyzer function.

What is “hatching”?

Where echo averaging may hide light rain on the display, the hatching feature, when activated, places a gray “veil” over the areas where rain is detected. This allows the operator to see where the rain is without affecting the quality of the displayed echoes.

1.37.1 How to activate/deactivate the target analyzer

1. Select the [CUSTOMIZE ECHO] box, then press the right button.

2. Select [TARGET ANALYZER], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [OFF] to deactivate the function, or [ON] to activate the function, then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [HATCHING], then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Select [OFF] to deactivate the function, or [ON] to activate the function, then push the ADJUST knob.

6. Close the menu.

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1.38 Target Alarm

CAUTIONCAUTION

The alarm should not be relied upon as the sole means for detecting possible collision situations.

A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN controls should be properly adjusted to be sure the alarm system does not overlook target echoes.

ALR1 OFF ALR2 OFF

ALR1 SET ALR2 OFF

ALR1 selected and highlighted ALR1 ready to be set

000

010

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Target

alarm

zone

Other alarm zone examples

Point A

Point B

The target alarm serves to alert the navigator to targets (ships, landmasses, etc.) entering a specific area, with audiovisual alerts.

The target alarm zone has a fixed width of

0.5 nm in the radial direction (depth) and is adjustable from 3.0 to 6.0 nm (target alarm zone 1) and any distance (target alarm zone 2). On the non-IMO radar the boundaries can be set at any distance. On any radar type the sector of the zone can be set from 0 to 360 degrees in any direction.

Note: The [ALR1] and [ALR2] boxes are not displayed when the setting for [AZ/ALR SELECT] in the [TT•AIS] menu is set to the default setting [AQUISITION ZONE]. To enable this function, set [AZ/ALR SELECT] in the [TT•AIS] menu to [TARGET ALARM ZONE].

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.38.1 How to set a target alarm

The procedure below shows how to set a target alarm using the figure below as an example.

1. Place the cursor in the [ALR1] or [ALR2] box as appropriate, then press the left button. The cursor jumps into the operational display area and the indication "SET" appears inside the target alarm box selected.

2. Using the Touchpad, move the cursor to Point A, then press the left button.

3. Using the Touchpad, move the cursor to Point B, then press the left button. “SET” is replaced with “WORK” in the [ALR1] box indication. The target alarm zone’s lines are shown as dashed lines.

Note 1: To create a 360° alarm zone, set Point B at the same location as Point A.

Note 2: Two alarm zones can be set simultaneously. The second alarm zone is only

available when the first alarm zone is active, however.

Note 3: When the target alarm zone is not within the range in use the indication "UP RNG" appears to the right of the target alarm box. In this case select a range that will display the target alarm zone.

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1.38.2 How to mute the target alarm

A target in the target alarm zone produces both visual (flashing) and audible (beep) alarms. To silence the audio alarm select the appropriate target alarm box then press the left button. The target alarm box indication shows "ALR MUTE". This will deactivate the audio alarm but will not stop the flashing of the offending target. You can also stop the alarm by deactivating the target alarm zone (see section 1.38.3).

To reactivate the audio alarm, select the target alarm box then press the left button until the target alarm box shows "ALR WORK".

1.38.3 How to deactivate a target alarm

Select the target box to be deactivated, then press and hold the left button.

Note: When both [ALR1] and [ALR2] are active, [ALR2] must be deactivated before

[ALR1] can be deactivated. If [ALR1] and [ALR2] are active when you try to deactivate [ALR1], the system releases two audible beeps and shows the message "DELETE ALR2 FIRST".

1.38.4 How to change target alarm attributes

You can select the echo strength level that triggers the alarm, the condition that generates the alarm and the volume of the audio alarm as follows:

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ALERT], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [TARGET ALARM], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [ALR1 MODE] or [ALR2 MODE] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Select [IN] or [OUT] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob. [IN]: Targets entering the alarm zone trigger the alarm. [OUT]: Targets leaving the alarm zone trigger the alarm.

6. Select [LEVEL], then push the ADJUST knob.

7. Select the appropriate level of echo strength to trigger the alarm, then push the ADJUST knob. [1] is the highest strength, [4] is the lowest strength.

8. Press the right button once to return to the [ALERT] menu.

9. Select [ALERT SOUND LEVEL], then push the ADJUST knob.

10. Select [OFF], [LOW], [MID] or [HIGH] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

Note: This setting is applied to all alarms output from this radar system.

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11. Close the menu.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

PI line orientation

PI line interval

1.39 PI (Parallel Index) Lines

PI lines are useful for keeping a constant distance between own ship and a coastline or a partner ship when navigating. Up to six sets of PI lines are available depending on the maximum number of PI lines selected on the menu.

PI lines

Max. 1 PI line: Six sets of PI lines (PI1 to PI6)

Max. 2, 3 or 6 PI lines: Four sets of PI lines (PI1 to PI4)

You can control the presentation and interval of the PI lines from the [PI Line] box, which is at the lower-left corner of the screen.

1.39.1 How to set the maximum number of lines to display

The maximum number of PI lines to display can be selected from [1], [2], [3] or [6] lines as below. The actual number of lines visible can be less depending on line interval.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [NAVTOOL], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [PI LINE], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [SET ALL PI LINE], then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Select the appropriate option, then push the ADJUST knob.

6. Close the menu.

1.39.2 How to change PI line bearing and interval

1. If not already displayed, show a PI line, referring to paragraph 1.39.1.

2. Place the arrow on the PI line orientation in the [PI Line] box.

3. Rotate the ADJUST knob to adjust the PI line bearing, between 000.0° to 359.9°. Enter a negative value to move the PI line to the opposite side of the PI line passing through the own ship position.

4. Place the cursor on the PI line interval.

5. Rotate the ADJUST knob to change the PI line interval.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.39.3 How to change the PI line bearing reference

PI line bearing reference can be relative to own ship’s heading (Relative) or referenced to North (True) as below.

Note: This function is not available with IMO type radars in this series. The setting is fixed to [TRUE].

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [NAVTOOL], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [PI LINE], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [PI LINE BEARING], then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Select [REL] or [TRUE] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

6. Close the menu.

1.39.4 How to change the PI line orientation

PI lines orientation can be selected from parallel or perpendicular. This function is available when [SET ALL PI LINE] in the [PI LINE] menu is set for other than [1].

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [NAVTOOL], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [PI LINE], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [PI LINE MODE], then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Select [PARALLEL] or [PERPENDIC] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

6. Close the menu.

1.39.5 How to reset the PI lines to default (ship’s heading)

You can automatically return PI lines to default orientation (ship’s heading), 0-degrees for parallel orientation, 90-degrees for perpendicular orientation. This is faster than doing it manually.

From the PI line box

Place the cursor inside the PI line box, then press and hold the left button.

From the menu

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

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2. Select [NAVTOOL], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [PI LINE], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [RESET PI LINE], then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Select [YES], then push the ADJUST knob.

6. Close the menu.

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1.39.6 How to change PI line length

Heading line

PI line

TRUNC RANGE 1 length settingTRUNC RANGE 1 length setting

TRUNC RANGE 2 length settingTRUNC RANGE 2 length setting

OS location

You can change the length of the PI lines. This function is only available when [SET ALL PI LINE] in the [PI LINE] menu is set to [1]. If not already displayed, you can show PI lines for which you wish to change the length by referring to paragraph 1.39.1.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [NAVTOOL], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [PI LINE], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [TRUNC RANGE 1], then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Select [ON], then push the ADJUST knob.

6. Rotate the ADJUST knob to adjust the front PI line length. The available range is

0.000 NM to 24.000 NM. All PI lines beyond this mark will be hidden.

7. Select [TRUNC RANGE 2], then push the ADJUST knob.

8. Select [ON], then push the ADJUST knob.

9. Rotate the ADJUST knob to adjust the rear PI line length. The available range is

0.000 NM to 24.000 NM. All PI lines beyond this mark will be hidden.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

10. To change the length of other PI lines, activate the line you wish to adjust, then repeat steps 1 through 9.

11. Close the menu.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.40 Zoom

The zoom function enlarges an area of interest as large as twice the normal viewing size, in the [INFORMATION BOX]. Zoom can be selected using the control unit or from a preset function key (see section 1.9 for how to assign functions to the function keys).

Zoom is not available when the [INFORMATION BOX] setting for [TARGET DATA] is [LARGE].

To enable/disable the zoom magnification, select the appropriate zoom setting ([2TIMES]: Enables magnification at 2, or [3TIMES]: Enables magnification at 3) from the [ZOOM] option in the [INFORMATION BOX] menu. (See section 1.45.)

1. Select the operational display area, then press the right button to display the [CURSOR] context menu.

2. Select [ZOOM], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Place the cursor inside the operational display area, then press the left button. The cursor is now displayed with a zoom box.

4. Place the cursor and zoom box at the location you wish to zoom, then press the left button.

5. Press the right button to complete the procedure. The selected area is displayed on the right-side of the screen and the cursor returns to normal shape.

Zoom box is placed at the location to be zoomed and the cursor returns to its normal shape.

Cursor with zoom box

To disable the zoom function, repeat steps 1 to 3. At step 3, the zoom box is removed from the cursor.

Note: Where the zoom function is assigned to a function key (F1, F2 or F3), press the function key to cycle through the zoom settings in the following order: [OFF]  [2TIMES]  [3TIMES]  [OFF]... This operation works in direct relation with the settings selected from the [ZOOM] option in the [INFORMATION BOX] menu. To use the zoom function on a different area, do the procedure (step 1 to step 5) listed above.

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1.41 How to Use Marks

Select the [MARK] box at the bottom of the screen then

[MARK MENU]

1 ORIGIN MARK STAB GND / STAB SEA 2 MARK KIND ORIGIN MARK(No.) / ORIGIN MARK(SYM) / MAP MARK / WP 1~50 / WP 51~98 / 8 MARK POSITION CURSOR / OS / L/L 9 MARK COLOR RED / GRN / BLU / YEL / CYA / MAG / WHT 0 MAP•MARK MENU

Presentation mode Mark symbol Mark line

HEAD UP RM/STERN UP RM/STAB HEAD UP RM

COURSE UP RM/NORTH UP RM/NORTH UP TM

press the right button to open the [MARK] context menu.

Marks can be entered at any location inside the operational display area, however, no mark can be entered at the location of an on-screen box. A total of 5,000 marks can be inscribed at any one time.

You can mark any prominent target or a point of particular interest using the mark feature.

Note: The location and orientation of mark symbols and mark lines can change, depending on the display presentation mode, as shown in the table below.

Location is changed according to heading and own ship position. Orientation is unchanged.

Location is changed according to own ship position. Orientation is unchanged.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Location and orientation are changed according to heading and own ship position.

Location and orientation are changed according to own ship position.

1.41.1 How to select a mark type

1. Select the [MARK] box at the bottom of the screen, then press the right button to open the [MARK] context menu.

2. Select [MARK KIND], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select the appropriate type of marker, referring to the table below, then push the

ADJUST knob.

Mark kind Description

[ORIGIN MARK(No.)] Inscribes the standard origin mark symbol, with mark

number.

[ORIGIN MARK(SYM)] Inscribes the standard origin mark symbol, without mark

number. [MAP MARK] Inscribes the selected map mark. [WP1-50] Inscribes waypoint marker 1 through 50. [WP51-98] Inscribes waypoint marker 51 through 98.

4. Close the menu.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.41.2 How to select the mark inscription position

You can select the location at which the marker is inscribed from the following:

Location Description

[CURSOR] You can select the location using the Touchpad. [OWN SHIP] Marker is placed at own ship position. [L/L] Marker is placed at the co-ordinates selected.

1. Select the [MARK] box at the bottom of the screen, then press the right button to open the [MARK] context menu.

2. Select [MARK POSITION], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Referring to the table above, select the appropriate location, then push the AD-

JUST knob.

How to set the co-ordinates

Where [MARK POSITION] is set to [L/L], the co-ordinates settings are displayed. Co-ordinates can be set one digit at a time, as shown in the figure below.

Currently selected digit is highlighted by the cursor. Push the ADJUST knob to move to the next digit.

N - North (Latitude)

028º 00.200 S

S - South (Latitude)

153º 43.100 E

1) Rotate the ADJUST knob to change the digit, then push the ADJUST knob to

move to the next digit.

2) Repeat step 1 to adjust the Latitude and Longitude as appropriate.

4. Close the menu.

W - West (Longitude) E - East (Longitude)

1.41.3 How to select the mark color (non-IMO type only)

Non-IMO type radars of this series allow the change of mark colors. For IMO type radars, the color is fixed and cannot be changed.

1. Select the [MARK] box at the bottom of the screen, then press the right button to open the [MARK] context menu.

2. Select [MARK COLOR], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select the appropriate color. Available options are shown in the table below.

indication

RED Red CYA Cyan GRN Green MAG Magenta BLU Blue WHT White YEL Yellow

Color

indication

Color

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1.41.4 How to inscribe marks

You can inscribe marks anywhere inside the operational display area, however, marks cannot be inscribed in the same location as a menu box.

1. Select the [MARK] box. The [MARK] box is now highlighted.

2. Rotate the ADJUST knob to select the appropriate mark symbol or number.

3. Place the cursor on the location (inside the operational display area) you wish to inscribe the mark, then press the left button to anchor the mark.

4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 for multiple mark inscription, or press the right button to complete the procedure.

1.41.5 How to set origin mark stabilization

Origin marks can be geographically fixed (ground stabilized) or moving (sea stabilized).

1. Select the [MARK] box at the bottom of the screen, then press the right button to open the [MARK] context menu.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

2. Select [ORIGIN MARK], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [STAB GND] or [STAB SEA] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Close the menu.

1.41.6 How to delete marks

Marks can be deleted one at a time, or all at once.

How to delete marks individually

1. Select the operational display area, then press the right button to show the [CURSOR] menu.

2. Select [MARK DELETE], then push the ADJUST knob. The cursor changes to a highlighted cursor.

3. Place the highlighted cursor on the mark to be deleted, then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Repeat step 3 to delete another mark, or press the right button to return the cur- sor to normal function.

How to delete all marks

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [MARK], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [DATA DELETE], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [MARK ALL DELETE], then push the ADJUST knob. A confirmation message appears.

5. Select [YES], then push the ADJUST knob.

6. Close the menu.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Scaled symbol

Minimized symbol

Heading line

Beam line

Antenna position

Heading line

Beam line

1.41.7 How to hide the heading line marker

The heading line is a line from the own ship position to the outer edge of the radar display area and appears at zero degrees on the bearing scale in HEAD UP mode. The orientation of the line changes the orientation depending on the ship orientation in NORTH UP and True Motion modes.

To temporarily extinguish the heading line to look at targets existing dead ahead of own ship, press the HL OFF key on the keyboard, or use the Touchpad to select the [HL OFF] box at the left of the display then press the left button. In addition to the heading line, the stern marker and all graphics within the effective display are also erased. To redisplay the heading line, etc., release the key or the left button.

1.41.8 How to hide/show the stern mark

The stern marker, which is a dotted line, appears opposite to the heading line. To display or erase this marker do the following:

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [MARK], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [STERN MARK], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [ON] or [OFF] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Close the menu.

1.41.9 How to set up the own ship symbol

The own ship symbol marks own position on the display. It can be turned on or off and its configuration selected from the [MARK] menu. Two configurations are available: minimized symbol and scaled symbol. If the largest dimension of the symbol gets smaller than 6 mm, the scaled symbol will disappear and the own ship mark will be shown as a minimized symbol. The scaled symbol is scaled to indicate the length and beam of the vessel. Ship’s dimensions should be entered at installation to use the scaled ship symbol.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

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2. Select [MARK], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [OWN SHIP MARK], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [MIN] or [SCALED] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Close the menu.

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1.41.10 How to use the INS marker

You can receive predicted position data by connecting this radar to an INS.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [MARK], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [INS MARK], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [PREDICTOR], then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Select [ON], then push the ADJUST knob.

6. Close the menu.

1.41.11 How to show/hide radar map marks

You can show or hide marks on the radar map.

1. Place the cursor on the [MARK] box at the bottom of the screen, then press the right button to open the [MARK] context menu.

2. Select [MAP DISPLAY], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [ON] or [OFF] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

4. Close the menu.

1.41.12 How to set the barge marker

You can mark the locations of barges on the display with icons. Set up barge information as follows:

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [MARK], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [BARGE], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [BARGE MARK], then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Select [ON] to display barge marks, [OFF] to hide barge marks, as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

6. Select [BARGE SIZE], then push the ADJUST knob. Use the ADJUST knob to enter the [LENGTH] and [WIDTH] of the barge. Rotate the ADJUST knob to increase or decrease the value of the highlighted digit.

7. Select [ARRANGEMENT], then push the ADJUST knob. This item lets you set a single barge or a barge chain. Select one of the five arrangements and rotate the

ADJUST knob. Select number of barges (max. 9) to display. As you rotate the ADJUST knob the squares light or extinguish and the number of barges selected ap-

pears at the right side.

First row of barge [ARRANGEMENT] is displayed as the left side of the barge icon on-screen.

4 9 9 9 4

Own ship icon

8. Close the menu. The barge mark is now displayed as shown in the figure above.

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Drop mark boxes show the mark number, bearing and range to the mark.

1.42 Drop Mark

The operator can inscribe a drop mark at a selected location to find the range and bearing from own ship to the mark. This can be useful for marking a point to avoid while navigating to a destination.

To active the drop mark feature, do the following:

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [MARK], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [ON] to enable [DROP MARK]. Two indications appear at the bottom of the screen.

4. Close the menu.

1.42.1 How to inscribe a drop mark

1. Select a drop mark box, then press the left button.

2. Place the cursor at the location to inscribe the drop mark, then press the left but- ton. The drop mark box shows the range and bearing to the marked location.

1.42.2 How to erase drop marks

Select the drop mark to be erased, then press and hold the left button. The mark is erased and the range/bearing indications are no longer shown.

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1.43 How to Adjust Brilliance of On-screen Data

On-screen markers and alphanumeric readout brilliance can be adjusted using the following procedure:

1. Place the cursor on the [BRILL] box at the right of the screen, then press the right button. The [BRILL] menu appears.

2. Select the appropriate item to adjust, then push the ADJUST knob.

Menu item Description

ECHO COLOR Adjusts echo color brilliance. PALETTE Adjusts background brilliance (see paragraph 1.43.1). CONTROL PANEL Adjusts control panel key brilliance. CHARACTER Adjusts on-screen text brilliance. CURSOR Adjusts cursor brilliance. ECHO Adjusts the echo brilliance. TRAIL Adjusts echo trail brilliance. HL Adjusts heading line brilliance. RING Adjusts range ring brilliance. BEARING CURSOR Adjusts bearing cursor brilliance. EBL Adjusts EBL line brilliance. VRM Adjusts VRM line brilliance. PI LINE Adjusts PI line brilliance. TT SYMBOL Adjusts target trail symbol brilliance. AIS SYMBOL Adjusts AIS symbol brilliance. L/L GRID Adjusts latitude/longitude grid brilliance. MARK Adjusts marks brilliance (all marks).

3. Rotate the ADJUST knob to select the appropriate brilliance setting, then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Close the menu.

1.43.1 How to change color palettes

This radar provides six sets of color and brilliance sets to match any ambient lighting condition and can be assigned to a [BRILL] box preset.

1. Select the [BRILL] box at the bottom-left of the screen, then press the right but- ton. The [BRILL] menu appears.

2. Select [PALETTE], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select the appropriate palette, then push the ADJUST knob. The default settings for each palette are shown in the table below.

PALETTE BRILL PANEL OTHERS

DAY-GRY 100 15 15 GREEN GRY/BLK DAY-BLU 100 15 15 WHITE BLU/BLU DUSK-GRY 40 10 15 GREEN GRY/BLU DUSK-BLU 40 10 15 WHITE BLU/BLU NIGHT-GRY 4 5 15 AMBER GRY/BLK NIGHT-BLU 4 5 15 WHITE BRT-BLU/BRT-BLU

4. Close the menu.

TEXT

COLOR

BCKGRND/CIRCLE

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Place cursor here, then press the left button to change brilliance preset, right button to open the [BRILL] menu.

How to assign/change the brilliance presets

1. Place the cursor on the BRL indication inside the [BRILL] box.

2. Press the left button to cycle through the presets. There are four available: [BRL1], [BRL2], [BRL3] and [BRL4].

3. To change the palette for a preset, press the right button with the preset selected. The [BRILL] menu appears.

4. Follow steps 2 to 4 in "How to change color palettes" on page 1-61.

5. Repeat the process to change other presets’ palettes.

1.43.2 How to change the echo color

1. Select the [BRILL] box at the bottom-left of the screen, then press the right button. The [BRILL] menu appears.

2. Select [ECHO COLOR], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select the appropriate color, then push the ADJUST knob. The available options are listed in the table below.

Color Description/remarks

YEL Yellow echo (default setting) GRN Green echo WHT White echo AMB Amber echo M-GRN Red echo, gradually changes to green color as the echo weakens. M-CYA Red echo, gradually changes to cyan color as the echo weakens.

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1.44 How to Display and Set Up Navigational Data

Wind, depth, ocean current, water temperature, date and time and waypoint data can be displayed on this radar, however appropriate sensors are required.

1.44.1 How to set up the navigational data

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [INFORMATION BOX], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [SET NAV DATA], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Referring to the table below, select the appropriate menu item, then push the AD-

JUST knob.

Menu item Available settings

DEPTH [OFF], [ON] (m, ft) DEPTH GRAPH SCALE [10], [20], [50], [100], [200], [500] (m) DEPTH MARK [000] to [500] (m) CURRENT [OFF], [ON] WIND [OFF], [ON] (kn, m/s) WIND STAB [APPARENT], [NORTH], [THEORETICAL] TEMPERATURE [OFF], [ON] (°C, °F) WPT DATA [OFF], [REL], [TRUE]

5. Referring to the available options listed in the table above, select the appropriate setting, then push the ADJUST knob.

6. Close the menu.

1.44.2 How to display navigational data

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [INFORMATION BOX], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [NAV DATA], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [ON] to display navigational data, [OFF] to hide navigational data, then push the ADJUST knob.

5. Close the menu.

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[INFORMATION BOX]

1 BACK 2 NAV DATA OFF / ON 3 [SET NAV DATA] 4 ZOOM OFF / 2TIMES / 3TIMES 5 ZOOM DISPLAY STAB GND / STAB HDG / STAB NORTH / TT TRACK 6 TAR G ET DATA 1BOX / 2BOX / LARGE

1BOX 2BOX LARGE

Only TT/AIS data

is displayed in the

lower half of the information box.

Only TT/AIS Data

is displayed in

the large box. Up to two AIS

targets or up four

TT targets

Zoom and

navigational data

are displayed here.

Zoom and

navigational data

are displayed here,

but can be hidden

by TT/AIS data.

Only TT/AIS data

is displayed in the

lower half of the information box.

• TT/AIS data displayed in the information box is shown in order of acquisition in the bottom half of the box.

• When using the 2BOX setting and the bottom half of the information box is full, the upper half is overlayed with the newly aquired TT/AIS target data.

• When the target data is no longer displayed (TT is cancelled, etc.) in the upper box, the previous display is restored.

• Each box may display up two TT targets or one AIS target.

1.45 How to Use the Information Box

The information box shows target data, navigational data and zoomed areas of the radar display. To set up the information box, do the following:

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [INFORMATION BOX], then push the AD- JUST knob.

3. Select and set the appropriate menu item, referring to the table below.

4. Close the menu.

Menu item Settings Description

[NAV DATA] • OFF

• ON

[SET NAV DATA] See section 1.44 for

details.

[ZOOM] • OFF

• 2TIMES

• 3TIMES

[ZOOM DISPLAY] • STAB GND

• STAB HDG

• STAB NORTH

• TT TRACK

[TARGET DATA] • 1BOX

• 2BOX

• LARGE

• Disable navigational data display.

• Enable navigational data display. Set up the format in which various naviga-

tional data is displayed in the [INFORMATION BOX]. See section 1.44 for details.

• Disable zoom magnification.

• Set zoom magnification at 2.

• Set zoom magnification at 3.

• Ground stabilized zoom (Geographically fixed).

• Heading stabilized zoom (Relative).

• North stabilized zoom (True).

• Tracked targets are zoomed.

See figure below.

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1.46 Interswitch

←

Using the information displayed in this example the antenna system configuration would look something like this.

Antenna Unit

Processor Unit

ANT1

ANT2

HUB-100

DISP1

DISP2

[ANT SELECT]

ANT1: X -BAND

25UP MAIN - TOP

12 MAIN - 2ND

ANT2: X -BAND

OWN RADAR NO.1

MASTER

NO / YES

1 DISP1 ANT1

2 DISP1 ANT2

9 STORE INTER -SW

The following information is displayed in the [ANT SELECT] context menu.

• Radar band, output power and antenna position of each antenna currently powered. (If an antenna is not powered, its data area is blank.)

• Current antenna and display combinations.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

The interswitch of this radar uses an Ethernet to transfer video and control signals. A digital signal transfers the video and control signals. You can connect two antennas and two display units. Set radar display and antenna groups from the [ANTENNA SELECT] display.

When you switch to a different antenna, the heading skew and timing adjustment (set at installation) for that antenna are automatically applied.

The [ANTENNA] box at the upper left position shows current antenna selection.

1.46.1 How to display antenna information

You can display antenna information by highlighting the [ANTENNA] box, then pressing the right button. The [ANT SELECT] context menu appears.

Antenna box

ANT1 (or ANT2)

antenna selected

(M) or (S)

(M)aster or (S)lave

X-Band

bandwidth

: indicates antenna is

: indicates the antenna

: indicates

1.46.2 How to preset antenna and display combinations

You can preset the antenna and display combinations for each antenna and display in the radar system. As an example, the procedure below shows how to select the no. 1 antenna unit for the no. 2 display unit.

1. Highlight the [ANTENNA] box, then press the right button to open the [ANT SE-

2. Select the display unit for which to select an antenna (at the next step). For exam-

3. Select [ANT 1] and [M].

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to set other display and antenna combinations.

5. Click [STORE INTER-SW] and select [YES] to save your selections.

6. Close the menu.

LECT] menu.

ple, select [DISP2] to select the no. 2 display unit.

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Antenna selection considerations

• An antenna unit cannot be controlled from multiple display units. Select one Master display unit for one antenna unit. If two antenna units are set as masters, the display last-set as master becomes the master and all other displays are automatically changed to slave.

• An antenna unit without a Master display cannot be selected on the sub display units. If there is no antenna unit set as master, the lowest number display is automatically set as master.

• If the Alert 740 "XT RADAR ERROR" appears, do one of the following as applicable:

- If only your antenna is not displayed on the [ANT SELECT] display, the LAN line in the Processor Unit may be faulty. In this case, use the standalone mode.

- If the antenna that was in use does not appear on the [ANT SELECT] display, the LAN line in other Processor Unit may be faulty. In this case, see the preceding page for how to select a different antenna unit

• When the Network fails, the Interswitch does not work, but standalone operation is possible.

• Radar functions are controlled independently, dependently or commonly depending on selection as Master or Slave (see the table below).

Radar Functions Control Master Display Option Slave Display Option

AIS function Independent Desired value can be set Desired value can be set Brilliance Echo trails EBL Lat/long data Presentation mode Speed data Target alarm TT, AIS on/off TT, AIS track interval Vector mode Vector time VRM Wiper Zoom TT COLLISION

alarm Range

(Sampling at Master)

Independent Desired value can be set

(Echo Sampling at Master Range)

Continued on the following page.

Desired value can be set

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Radar Functions Control Master Display Option Slave Display Option

A/C SEA Dependent A/C RAIN Automatic Clutter

Elimination (ACE) Gain IR Echo stretch Echo averaging Picture setting

(Customize echo) STBY/TX Tuning Reference Point TT LOST warning Common TT alerts ACK TT acquire TT/AIS AZ

Control

Desired value can be set Cannot control

Item Commonly Controlled Item Commonly Controlled

1.47 Performance Monitor

The performance monitor, installed in the antenna unit, produces a visual indication on the radar display screen when the radar transmitter power and radar receiver sensitivity are within the prescribed limits.

1.47.1 How to activate/deactivate the performance monitor

1) Set the radar to TX (transmit) mode.

2) Open the [MAIN MENU].

3) Select [ECHO], then push the ADJUST knob.

4) Select [PERFORMANCE MON], then push the ADJUST knob.

5) Select [OFF] or [ON] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

6) Close the menu.

When the performance monitor is active, the indication "PM" appears (in yellow characters) inside the [ALERT] box.

Note: If the blind sector and the direction of the PM antenna overlap one another, turn off the blind sector in order to display echoes correctly.

The radar is automatically set as follows when the performance monitor is activated.

Setting

GAIN

SEA 0 No Setting before PM activation. SEA AUTO MAN No Setting before PM activation. RAIN 0 No Setting before PM activation. RAIN AUTO MAN No Setting before PM activation. TUNE AUTO No Setting before PM activation. ACE OFF No Setting before PM activation. ES OFF No Setting before PM activation.

Setting at PM

activation

70 *

Adjustable

while PM

is active

Yes *

Setting at PM deactivation

Setting before PM activation.

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8.0 NM to

19.8 NM

8.0 NM to

19.8 NM

Display

Radar State

Display

Transmitter: normal Receiver: normal

Transmitter and receiver:

No arc indicates 10 dB loss. Contact your dealer for advice. (For magnetron radars, have a technician check the magnetron.

Radar State

Adjustable

while PM

is active

Setting at PM deactivation

Setting

Setting at PM

activation

EAV OFF No Setting before PM activation. IR 2 No Setting before PM activation. NOISE REJECT OFF No Setting before PM activation. VIDEO CONTRAST 4-B No Setting before PM activation. PULSE LONG No Setting before PM activation. 2ND ECHO REJ ON No Setting at PM deactivation. LOW LEVEL ECHO Previous setting kept,

No Setting before PM activation.

fixed. WIPER OFF No Setting before PM activation. CUSTOMIZE ECHO Previous setting kept,

No Return to active display.

fixed. PRESENTATION MODE

No change. *

RANGE 24 NM, 24 SM, 48 km

Yes Setting at PM deactivation.

Yes *

Setting at PM deactivation.

OFF CENTER OFF Yes Setting at PM deactivation.

: Gain is automatically set according to [PM GAIN ADJ], if it was adjusted at installation.

: [NORTH UP RM] is selected when the [PRESENTATION MODE] is set to [NORTH UP TM].

: The setting is not memorized.

: The performance monitor is deactivated if the range is changed manually.

1.47.2 How to check the radar’s performance

The range scale is automatically set to 24 NM. The radar screen will show arcs. If the radar transmitter and receiver are in good working conditions in as much as the original state when the monitor was turned on, the innermost arcs should appear between

8.0 NM to 19.8 NM. The performance monitor can observe a total of 10 dB loss in transmitter and receiver.

How to set the number of arcs

1) Open the [MAIN MENU].

2) Select [ECHO], then push the ADJUST knob.

3) Select [PM ARC], then push the ADJUST knob.

4) Select [2], [3], [5] or [6] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

5) Close the menu.

The figure belows shows an example where [PM ARC] is set to [5].

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Note 1: The lengths of the arcs can vary according to installation environment. Judge

the strength of the echo that appears within 60° from the arc location to confirm if the radar is working properly or not.

Note 2: The location of the arcs changes according to the [PM ARC] setting.

Turn the performance monitor off when finished.

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CCRP position

ANT position

Radar antenna

position is at

center of display

Conning position is at center of display

1.48 How to Change the Reference Position

The reference position for measurements (range, bearing, etc.) and markers (heading line, stern mark, etc.) can be the radar antenna position ([ANT]) or the consistent common reference point ([CCRP]).

The reference position is a location on own ship to which all horizontal measurements, for example range, bearing, relative course, relative speed, closest point of approach (CPA) or time to closest point of approach (TCPA), are normally referenced.

[CCRP] for this series of radars is fixed at the conning position and [ANT] is fixed at the radar antenna position.

To change the reference position, use the Touchpad to place the cursor over the "REF POINT" indication at the top of the screen, then press the left button to select [ANT] or [CCRP] as applicable. You can also change the reference by rotating the ADJUST knob when the cursor is placed over the indication.

The position of the own ship marker changes according to reference position as shown below. If the CCRP is positioned outside of the effective display area, the bearing scale is indicated with the appropriate reduced detail.

Range and bearing are measured and graphics are drawn according to reference position as in the table below.

Category Item

Range and bearing measurements

Graphics Heading line Drawn from anten-

Bearing cursor Drawn with antenna

Course, speed Calculated with an-

EBL Range and bearing VRM Cursor PI line Range ring Drop mark

Stern mark Beam line Own ship vector Own ship track

Continued on next page

measured from antenna position.

na position.

position at center.

tenna position at center.

Reference point

ANT CCRP

Range and bearing measured from CCRP.

Drawn from CCRP.

Drawn with CCRP at center.

Calculated with CCRP at center.

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Category Item

CPA, TCPA Calculated with an-

BCR, BCT Calculated from bow position. Own ship data Heading Data is taken from respective sensors, re-

Speed Course over ground Speed over ground Own L/L Location of the CCRP.

Note: When the antenna is located some distance from the CCRP, the CCRP can be outside the bearing cursor in true motion or off-center. Also, when the CCRP is set as reference point, some parts of the bearing cursor are not displayed.

1.49 Anchor Watch

The anchor watch feature alerts you when your ship has traveled a distance greater than a threshold value, when it should be at rest. When the anchor watch is active, an orange dashed circle marks the anchor watch range.

Reference point

ANT CCRP

Calculated with tenna position at center.

gardless of reference point selected.

CCRP at center.

If your ship goes outside the circle, the indication "ANCHOR WATCH" appears in the [ALERT] box.

nchor watch

alarm setting

Alarm is triggered

Own ship location when anchor watch is set

Own ship moves outside watch zone

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ALERT], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [ANCHOR WATCH], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [ON] to enable [ANCHOR WATCH].

5. Using the ADJUST knob, set the distance for the alert. Push the ADJUST knob to apply the setting.

6. Close the menu.

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1.50 How to Interpret the ALERT Box

Buzzer silence icon

Alert description

Alert title

Alert icon

Status indications appear here

When an alert condition is found, the applicable alert message appears in the [ALERT] box. A buzzer sounds for alarm and warning alerts. The [ALERT] box is composed of three lines of information, and two icons, as shown below.

Silence the buzzer with the ALERT ACK key or select the [ALERT] box then press the left button. The buzzer and the flashing stop but the alert indication remains on the display until the reason for the alert is removed.

Status indications are displayed in yellow text. The displayable indications are listed in the table below.

Status indication Reason for display

AUTO VIDEO ADJ Video adjust ([VIDEO ADJ]) is set to [AUTO]. PM Performance Monitor (PM) is ON. SART SART is ON. TUNE INITIALIZE TUNE INITIALIZE is ON. VIRTUAL AIS ATON:OFF [AIS VIRTUAL ATON] is OFF. WR CARD DATA Writing data to SD-card. RD CARD DATA Reading data from SD-card. DELETE CARD DATA Deleting data from SD-card.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.50.1 Alert descriptions

Alerts which can appear on this radar are listed in the table. The level of priority, from highest to lowest, is ALARM  WARNING  CAUTION. For detailed information regarding specific alerts and alert codes, including possible remedies, see "ALERT CODES, MESSAGES AND MEANINGS" on page AP-10.

Note: All active-unacknowledged warnings are repeated as warnings after 60 seconds (manufacturer’s fixed time period).

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Alert title and code Alert description Date and time of alert

Displayed page/Pages available

[ALERT LIST (1/2)] 1 BACK 192 NEW TARGET

TT NEW TARGET 03/APR/2015 06:45

2 190 TARGET CAPACITY

TT TARGET 95% (AUTO) 03/APR/2015 06:50

3 190 TARGET CAPACITY

AIS DISPLAY FULL 03/APR/2015 06:15

9 REFRESH DATA (L=CLEAR) 0 NEXT

Alert icons

192 NEW TARGET TT NEW TARGET 03/APR/2015 06:45

Alerts are displayed in the same color as their alert icon.

1.50.2 Alert list

The alert list displays the names of violated alerts, including the time and date violated. Up to 100 alerts are stored in the internal memory. Unacknowledged alarms are displayed first in the list (in red text), in the order in which they appear in the [ALERT] box. Unacknowledged warnings are displayed in the list (in yellow-orange text), in the order in which they appear in the [ALERT] box.

Cautions are displayed in the list (in yellow text), in the order in which they appear in the [ALERT] box.

An unacknowledged alert can be acknowledged from the list by selecting it, the pressing the left button. To erase the data for the number selected, press the left button again. To erase all alert indications, select [REFRESH DATA], then press and hold the left button.

To display the alarm list, place the cursor in the [ALERT] box and press the right but- ton.

To change pages, select Next, then press the left button.

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1.50.3 Alert icons and their meanings

Icon Status Visual indication Audible alert

Active - unacknowledged alarm

Active - acknowledged alarm

Active - responsibility transferred alarm

Active - unacknowledged warning

Active - silenced alarm

Red, flashing

Yellow-orange, flashing

Active - silenced warning Yellow-orange, flashing

Red, flashing Silent

Red Silent

Silent

Active - acknowledged warning Yellow-orange Silent

Active - responsibility transferred warning

Yellow-orange Silent

Rectified - unacknowledged warning

Yellow-orange Silent

Caution Yellow Silent

3 short, audible alerts repeated every 7 seconds.

2 short, audible alerts repeated every 60 seconds.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.50.4 How to assign alarm priority to an alert

You can assign the same priority as an alarm to an alert, using the following procedure.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ALERT], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [PRIMARY ALERT], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select the alert you wish to assign alarm priority to, then push the ADJUST knob. Selected items area underlined.

5. Close the menu.

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CIRCLE WIDE

SIMPLE ALL

1.51 How to Select a Display Mode (For Non-IMO types Only)

Non-IMO type radars of this series have two display modes available:

• Standard display mode: The operational display area, box functions, data display,

etc. are shown in a standard (IMO compliant) manner.

• Simple display: The display is echo-focused.

Follow the procedure below to change display modes.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ECHO], then push the ADJUST knob. The [ECHO] menu appears.

3. Select [ECHO AREA], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select the appropriate setting, then push the ADJUST knob.

• [CIRCLE] mode: The echoes are displayed inside a circle on the screen.

• [WIDE] mode: The echoes are displayed in a square area, but are not displayed in the data display area.

• [SIMPLE] mode: The display is echo-focused, menu boxes and the data display are simplified.

• [ALL] mode: The echoes are displayed across the entire screen.

5. Close the menu.

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1.52 How to Manage SD-Card Data

The following data can be stored on a SD-Card: marks, lines, user settings, installation settings, own track, alert history and some alert logs (for example, the alert log).

1.52.1 How to access the SD-Card menu

Note: This operation is only available when a SD-Card is inserted. When there is no

SD-Card inserted, the [FILES] menu is not selectable.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [FILES], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Select [DRIVE SELECT], then push the ADJUST knob.

4. Select [SD-1] or [SD-2] as appropriate, then push the ADJUST knob.

1.52.2 How to save data

1. Access the SD-Card menu as shown in paragraph 1.52.1

2. Using the ADJUST knob, select [SAVE DATA], then push the ADJUST knob.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

3. Using the ADJUST knob, select the data to save, then push the ADJUST knob. The software keyboard appears.

4. Using the software keyboard, name the file, then select [END] to start saving data. The file name can be up to 12 characters in length. The indication "WR CARD DATA" appears during the save process.

5. Close the menu.

1.52.3 How to read (load) data

1. Access the SD-Card menu as shown in paragraph 1.52.1

2. Using the ADJUST knob, select [REPLAY (READ) DATA], then push the AD- JUST knob.

3. Using the ADJUST knob, select the data to read, then push the ADJUST knob. The indication "RD CARD DATA" appears during the read process.

4. Close the menu.

1.52.4 How to delete data

1. Access the SD-Card menu as shown in paragraph 1.52.1

2. Using the ADJUST knob, select [DELETE DATA], then push the ADJUST knob.

3. Using the ADJUST knob, select the data to delete, then push the ADJUST knob. The indication "DELETE CARD DATA" appears during the delete process.

4. Close the menu.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

This page is intentionally left blank.

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2. RADAR OBSERVATION

max

= 2.2 x ( 9 + 16) = 2.2 x (3 + 4) = 15.4 nm

2.1 General

2.1.1 Minimum and maximum ranges

Minimum range

The minimum range is defined by the shortest distance at which, using a scale of 1.5

or 0.75 nm, a target having an echoing area of 10 m point representing the antenna position.

It is mainly dependent on the pulselength, antenna height, and signal processing such as main bang reduction and digital quantization. It is a good practice to use a shorter range scale as far as it gives favorable definition or clarity of picture.

The IMO Resolution MSC.192(79) requires the minimum range to be less than 40 m, respectively. This series of radars satisfy this requirement.

Maximum range

is still shown separate from the

The maximum detecting range of the radar, Rmax, varies considerably depending on several factors such as the height of the antenna above the waterline, the height of the target above the sea, the size, shape and material of the target, and the atmospheric conditions.

Under normal atmospheric conditions, the maximum range is equal to the radar horizon or a little shorter. The radar horizon is longer than the optical one by about 6% because of the diffraction property of the radar signal. The Rmax is given in the following equation.

= 2.2 x ( h1 + h2)

max

where R h1: antenna height (m) h2: target height (m)

For example, if the height of the antenna above the waterline is 9 meters and the height of the target is 16 meters, the maximum radar range is;

: radar horizon (nautical miles)

max

Radar horizon

Optical horizon

It should be noted that the detection range is reduced by precipitation (which absorbs the radar signal).

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2. RADAR OBSERVATION

Targets

Horizontal beam width

Separate target echoes

Ovelapped target echoes

Horizontal beam width

Targets

Transmission

pulse

Targets

TargetsTransmission

pulse

Separate target echoes

Ovelapped target echoes

Ovelapping

X-band and S-band

In fair weather, the equation on the previous page does not give a significant difference between X- and S-band radars. However, in heavy precipitation condition, an Sband radar would have better detection than an X-band radar.

Radar resolution

There are two important factors in radar resolution (discrimination): bearing resolution and range resolution.

• Bearing resolution is the ability of the radar to display as separate pips the echoes received from two targets that are at the same range and close together. It is proportional to the antenna length and reciprocally proportional to the wavelength. The length of the antenna radiator should be selected for a bearing resolution better than

2.5° (IMO Resolution). This condition is normally satisfied with a radiator of 1.2 m (4 ft) or longer in the X-band. The S-band radar requires a radiator of about 12 feet (3.6 m) or longer.

2-2

• Range resolution is the ability to display as separate pips the echoes received from two targets that are on the same bearing and close to each other. This is determined by pulselength only. Practically, a 0.08 microsecond pulse offers the discrimination better than 40 m as do so with all FURUNO radars. Test targets for determining the range and bearing resolution are radar reflectors

having an echoing area of 10 m

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2. RADAR OBSERVATION

Bearing accuracy

One of the most important features of the radar is how accurately the bearing of a target can be measured. The accuracy of bearing measurement basically depends on the narrowness of the radar beam. However, the bearing is usually taken relative to the ship’s heading, and thus, proper adjustment of the heading line at installation is an important factor in ensuring bearing accuracy. To minimize error when measuring the bearing of a target, put the target echo at the extreme position on the screen by selecting a suitable range.

Range measurement

Measurement of the range to a target is also a very important function of the radar. Generally, there are two means of measuring range: the fixed range rings and the variable range marker (VRM). The fixed range rings appear on the screen with a predetermined interval and provide a rough estimate of the range to a target. The variable range marker’s diameter is increased or decreased so that the marker touches the inner edge of the target, allowing the operator to obtain more accurate range measurements.

2.2 False Echoes

Occasionally echo signals appear on the screen at positions where there is no target or disappear even if there are targets. They are, however, recognized if you understand the reason why they are displayed. Typical false echoes are shown below.

Multiple echoes

Multiple echoes occur when a transmitted pulse returns from a solid object like a large ship, bridge, or breakwater. A second, a third or more echoes may be observed on the display at double, triple or other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown below. Multiple reflection echoes can be reduced and often removed by decreasing the gain (sensitivity) or properly adjusting the A/C SEA control.

Your ship

True echo

Target

Multiple

echo

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2. RADAR OBSERVATION

True

echo

False

echo

Your ship

Target ship

Mirror image of target ship

Bridge

Route for direct reflection

Route for

indirect reflection

Sidelobe echoes

Every time the radar pulse is transmitted, some radiation escapes on each side of the beam, called “sidelobes”. If a target exists where it can be detected by the side lobes as well as the main lobe, the side echoes may be represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range. Side lobes show usually only on short ranges and from strong targets. They can be reduced through careful reduction of the gain or proper adjustment of the A/C SEA control.

Mainlobe (beam)

True target

Sidelobe

Antenna

Sidelobe

False echoes by sidelobes

Virtual image

A relatively large target close to your ship may be represented at two positions on the screen. One of them is the true echo directly reflected by the target and the other is a false echo which is caused by the mirror effect of a large object on or close to your ship as shown in the figure below. If your ship comes close to a large metal bridge, for example, such a false echo may temporarily be seen on the screen.

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2. RADAR OBSERVATION

Wharf and its echo

Large ship

Size of blind sector depends on size of obstruction and range.

Radar position

Wharf and its echo

Shadow sector occurs because obstruction (like mast) is in path of radar beam.

Shadow sector occurs because wharf is hidden behind ship.

Shadow sectors

Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path of the antenna block the radar beam. If the angle subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees, a non-detecting sector may be produced. Within this sector targets can not be detected.

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2. RADAR OBSERVATION

Radar antenna beamwidth

Screen A: When SART is distant

Screen B: When SART is close

Echo from SART

Position of SART

Your ship position

SART mark length

24 NM

1.5 NM

Position of SART

Echo from SART

Lines of 12 dots are displayed in concentric arcs.

2.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)

2.3.1 SART description

A Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) can be triggered by any X-Band (3 cm) radar within a range of approximately 8 nm. Each radar pulse received causes it to transmit a response which is swept repetitively across the complete radar frequency band. When interrogated, it first sweeps rapidly (0.4 s) through the band before be- ginning a relatively slow sweep (7.5 s) through the band back to the starting frequency. This process is repeated for a total of twelve complete cycles. At some point in each sweep, the SART frequency will match that of the interrogating radar and be within the pass band of the radar receiver. If the SART is within range, the frequency match during each of the 12 slow sweeps will produce a response on the radar display, thus a line of 12 dots equally spaced by about 0.64 nautical miles will be shown.

When the radar to the SART is reduced to about 1 nm, the radar display my show also the 12 responses generated during the fast sweeps. These additional dot responses, which also are equally spaced by 0.64 nautical miles, will be interspersed with the original line of 12 dots. They will appear slightly weaker and smaller than the original dots.

2.3.2 How to show SART marks on the radar display

This radar is equipped with a feature that optimally sets up the radar for SART detection. This feature automatically detunes the radar receiver out of its best tuning condition. This erases or weakens all normal radar echoes, but the SART marks are not erased because the SART response signal scans over all frequencies in the 9 GHz band. When the radar approaches the SART in operation, the SART marks will enlarge to large arcs, blurring a large part of the screen.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ECHO], then press the left button.

3. Select [SART], then press the left button.

4. Select [ON] to show SART marks on the radar display, then press the left button.

Select [OFF] to hide SART marks. When the SART function is active, the settings listed in the table on the following page are automatically made to radar functions:

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Setting Changed to

Range 12 NM Pulselength Long Echo Stretch Off Noise Rejector Off Echo Averaging Off Interference Rejector Off Performance Monitor Off A/C RAIN Off

5. Close the menu.

The indication "SART" appears at the bottom of the alert box, in yellow text, when this feature is active. Be sure to turn this feature off when SART detection is no longer your objective.

2.3.3 General remarks on receiving SARTs

SART range errors

When responses from only the 12 low frequency sweeps are visible (when the SART is at a range greater than about 1 nm), the position at which the first dot is displayed can be as much as 0.64 nm beyond the true position of the SART. When the range closes so that the fast sweep responses are seen also, the first of these will be no more than 150 meters beyond the true position.

2. RADAR OBSERVATION

Radar bandwidth

This is normally matched to the radar pulselength and is usually switched with the range scale and the associated pulselength. Narrow bandwidths of 3-5 MHz are used with long pulses on long range scales and wide bandwidths of 10-25 MHz with short pulses on short ranges.

A radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will attenuate the SART signal slightly, so it is preferable to use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of the SART.

Radar sidelobes

As the SART is approached, sidelobes from the radar antenna can show the SART responses as a series of arcs or concentric rings. These can be removed by the use of the anti-clutter sea control although it can be operationally useful to observe the side lobes as they may be easier to detect in clutter conditions and also they will confirm that the SART is near to own ship.

Note: SART information excerpted from IMO SN/Circ 197 OPERATION OF MARINE RADAR FOR SART DETECTION.

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2. RADAR OBSERVATION

Echo description

RACON signalRACON signal

RACON stationRACON station

Echoes on the radar screen

Your ship positionYour ship position

2.4 RACON

A RACON is a radar beacon that emits radar receivable signals in the radar frequency spectrum (X- or S-band). There are several signal formats; in general, the RACON signal appears on the radar screen as a rectangular echo originating at a point just beyond the position of the radar beacon. It has a Morse coded pattern. Note that the position on the radar display is not accurate.

2.5 Radar Target Enhancer (RTE)

An RTE is a radar transponder mounted on navigation buoys and masts of small crafts to significantly improve their detection by radar. Unlike a SART or RACON, which are passive, the RTE receives a radar signal, amplifies it and re-transmits it, with the intention of making the target's signal look larger on a radar display. The RTE is available in X-band and S-band types.

2-8

Furuno FAR-1513, FAR-1523-BB, FAR-1518, FAR-1528, FAR-1518-BB Operator's Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

IMPORTANT NOTICES

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.1 Controls

1.2 How to Turn the Radar On/Off

1.3 How to Adjust the Brilliance

1.4 Display Indications

1.5 Menu Operations

1.5.1 How to access the main menu

1.5.2 How to operate the menus

1.6 How to Use the On-screen Box Menus

1.7 How to Use the CURSOR Menu

1.8 Cursor Data

1.9 How to Set Up Function Keys

1.10 How to Customize Operation

1.11 How to Select the Interface for Heading Input

1.12 How to Set Own Ship’s Speed

1.12.1 Automatic speed input (log or GPS navigator)

1.12.2 Manual speed input

1.13 How to Set the Own Ship Position

1.14 User Settings

1.14.1 How to reset the user settings

1.14.2 How to store/load user settings

1.15 How to Start/Stop Transmission

1.16 How to Tune the Receiver

1.16.1 How to select the tuning method

1.16.2 How to initialize tuning

1.16.3 How to tune the receiver manually

1.17 How to Select a Pulselength

1.17.1 How to change the pulselength

1.18 How to Adjust Sensitivity

1.19 How to Reduce Sea Clutter

1.19.1 How to select the method of clutter adjustment

1.19.2 How to fine-tune sea clutter reduction

1.19.3 How to manually reduce sea clutter

1.20 How to Reduce Rain Clutter

1.20.1 How to select the method of rain clutter reduction

1.20.2 How to manually reduce rain clutter

1.21 Interference Rejector

1.22 Echo Stretch

1.23 Echo Averaging

1.24 Automatic Clutter Elimination (ACE) Function

1.24.1 How to turn the Automatic Clutter Elimination (ACE) function on/off

1.24.2 How to adjust the gain in Automatic Clutter Elimination (ACE) mode

1.24.3 How to get high sensitivity

1.24.4 How to suppress false echoes

1.25 Noise Rejector

1.26 Wiper

1.27 How to Preset Controls for a Specific Navigation Purpose

1.27.1 How to select a customized echo

1.27.2 How to edit a customized echo

1.27.3 How to restore a user customized echo to the saved settings

1.27.4 How to restore a user customized echo to the factory default settings

1.28 How to Reject Second-trace Echoes

1.29 Presentation Modes

1.29.1 How to select an presentation mode

1.29.2 Description of presentation modes

1.30 How to Select a Range Scale

1.31 How to Measure Range

1.31.1 How to show/hide the range rings

1.31.2 How to measure range with the variable range marker (VRM)

1.31.3 How to set the VRM unit of measurement (non-IMO type only)

1.31.4 How to show TTG to VRM

1.32 How to Measure Bearing

1.32.1 Methods to measure bearing

1.32.2 True or relative bearing

1.33 Collision Assessment by Offset EBL

1.33.1 How to assess risk of collision using the offset EBL

1.33.2 How to set the origin point reference for EBL OFFSET

1.34 How to Measure Range and Bearing Between Two Targets

1.35 How to Off-Center the Display

1.36 Target Trails

1.36.1 True or relative trails