Furuno FAR-1416, FAR-1426 Operator's Manual

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Page 1

OPERATOR'S MANUAL

Multi-Color LCD RADAR

FAR-1416

Model

FAR-1426

(Product Name: MARINE RADAR)

www.furuno.com

Page 2

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Page 3

IMPORTANT NOTICES

General

• This manual has been authored with simplified grammar, to meet the needs of international users.

• The operator of this equipment must read and follow the descriptions in this manual. Wrong operation or maintenance can cancel the warranty or cause injury.

• Do not copy any part of this manual without written permission from FURUNO.

• If this manual is lost or worn, contact your dealer about replacement.

• The contents of this manual and equipment specifications can change without notice.

• The example screens (or illustrations) shown in this manual can be different from the screens you see on your display. The screens you see depend on your system configuration and equipment settings.

• Save this manual for future reference.

• Any modification of the equipment (including software) by persons not authorized by FURUNO will cancel the warranty.

• The following concern acts as our importer in Europe, as defined in DECISION No 768/2008/EC.

- Name: FURUNO EUROPE B.V.

- Address: Ridderhaven 19B, 2984 BT Ridderkerk, The Netherlands

• All brand and product names are trademarks, registered trademarks or service marks of their respective holders.

How to discard this product

Discard this product according to local regulations for the disposal of industrial waste. For disposal in the USA, see the homepage of the Electronics Industries Alliance (http://www.eiae.org/) for the correct method of disposal.

How to discard a used battery

Some FURUNO products have a battery(ies). To see if your product has a battery, see the chapter on Maintenance. Follow the instructions below if a battery is used. Tape the + and - terminals of battery before disposal to prevent fire, heat generation caused by short circuit.

In the European Union The crossed-out trash can symbol indicates that all types of batteries must not be discarded in standard trash, or at a trash site. Take the used batteries to a battery collection site according to your national legislation and the Batteries Directive 2006/66/EU.

In the USA The Mobius loop symbol (three chasing arrows) indicates that Ni-Cd and lead-acid rechargeable batteries must be recycled. Take the used batteries to a battery collection site according to local laws.

Ni-Cd Pb

In the other countries There are no international standards for the battery recycle symbol. The number of symbols can increase when the other countries make their own recycle symbols in the future.

Page 4

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

WARNING

ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD. Do not open the equipment.

Turn off the radar power switch before servicing the antenna unit. Post a warning sign near the switch indicating it should not be turned on while the antenna unit is being serviced.

Only qualified personnel should work inside the equipment.

Prevent the potential risk of being struck by the rotating antenna and exposure to RF radiation hazard.

Do not disassemble or modify the equipment.

Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can result.

Immediately turn off the power at the ship’s mains switchboard if water leaks into the equipment or the equipment is emitting smoke or fire.

Continued use can cause fatal damage to the equipment.

Use the proper fuse.

Use of a wrong fuse can result in damage to the equipment or cause fire.

The operator must read the applicable safety instructions before attempting to operate the equipment.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided,

DANGER

WARNING

CAUTION

Warning, Caution Prohibitive Action Mandatory Action

could result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

WARNING

Radio Frequency Radiation Hazard

The radar antenna emits electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) energy which can be harmful, particularly to your eyes. Never look directly into the antenna aperture from a close distance while the radar is in operation or expose yourself to the transmitting antenna at a close distance. Distances at which RF radiation level of 100 and 10 W/m below.

Note: If the antenna unit is installed at a close distance in front of the wheel house, your administration may require halt of transmission within a certain sector of antenna revolution. This is possible. Ask your FURUNO representative or dealer to provide this feature.

Model Radiator

FAR-1416

FAR-1426

are given in the table

100W/m210W/m

XN12A XN13A XN12A XN13A

N/A N/A

0.6 m

0.4 m

2.1 m

1.9 m

4.6 m

3.1 m

Page 5

DISPLAY UNIT

Name: Warning Label (1) Type: 86-003-1011-3 Code No.: 100-236-233-10

ANTENNA UNIT

Name: Warning Label Type:

14-055-4202-1

Code No.: 100-245-221-10

WARNING

To avoid electrical shock, do not remove cover. No user-serviceable parts inside.

DANGER

Electrical shock hazard. Do not toutch parts inside this cover.

WARNING LABEL Warning labels are attached to the equipment. Do not remove any label. If a label is missing or damaged, contact a FURUNO agent or dealer about replacement.

WARNINWARNING WARNINWARNING

CAUTION

No one navigational aid should be relied upon for the safety of vessel and crew. The navigator has the responsibility to check all aids available to confirm position. Electronic aids are not a substitute for basic navigational principles and common sense.

This TT automatically tracks automatically or manually acquired radar targets and calculates their courses and speeds, indicating them by vectors. Since the data generated by the auto plotter are based on what radar targets are selected, the radar must always be optimally tuned for use with the auto plotter, to ensure required targets will not be lost or unwanted targets such as sea returns and noise will not be acquired and tracked.

A target does not always mean a land-mass, reef, ships or other surface vessels but can imply returns from sea surface and clutter. As the level of clutter changes with environment, the operator should properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN controls to be sure target echoes are not eliminated from the radar screen.

The plotting accuracy and response of this TT meets IMO standards. Tracking accuracy is affected by the following:

The data generated by TT, AIS and video plotter are intended for reference only.

Tracking accuracy is affected by course change. One to two minutes is required to restore vectors to full accuracy after an abrupt course change. (The actual amount depends on gyrocompass specifications.)

Refer to official nautical charts for detailed and up-to-date information.

The amount of tracking delay is inversely proportional to the relative speed of the target. Delay is on the order of 15 - 30 seconds for high relative speed; 30 - 60 seconds for low relative speed.

The target tracking and pertinent vector calculation accuracy is influenced by the following:

- Echo intensity

- The range measurement accuracy; characterized by both random and biased measurement errors.

- The angular measurement accuracy; characterized by beam shape, target glint and bias errors.

- Radar transmission pulsewidth

- Gyrocompass heading error

- Speed log error

- Curent and wind (set & drift)

- Course change (own ship and target)

Do not place liquid-filled containers near the equipment.

Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquid spills into the equipment.

Do not place operate the equipment with wet hands.

Electrical shock can result.

Keep heater away from equipment.

Heat can alter equipment shape and melt the power cord, which can cause fire or electical shock.

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

iii

Page 6

FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................x

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION .........................................................................................xii

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW .................................................................................1-1

1.1 Control Unit ................................................................................................................ 1-1

1.2 How to Turn the Radar On/Off ................................................................................... 1-3

1.3 How to Start/Stop Transmission................................................................................. 1-4

1.4 How to Tune the Receiver.......................................................................................... 1-5

1.4.1 How to select the tuning method.................................................................... 1-5

1.4.2 How to initialize tuning ................................................................................... 1-5

1.4.3 How to tune the receiver manually................................................................. 1-5

1.5 How to Adjust the Brilliance and Color tone............................................................... 1-6

1.5.1 Adjust the brilliance with control panel........................................................... 1-6

1.5.2 Select the brilliance........................................................................................1-6

1.6 Display Indications .....................................................................................................1-7

1.7 How to Use the Cursor...............................................................................................1-9

1.7.1 Cursor information box................................................................................... 1-9

1.7.2 How to select the cursor function................................................................... 1-9

1.8 Menu Operations...................................................................................................... 1-11

1.8.1 How to access the main menu..................................................................... 1-11

1.8.2 How to operate the menus...........................................................................1-12

1.8.3 How to enter alphanumerics ........................................................................ 1-12

1.9 How to Use the On-screen Box Menus.................................................................... 1-13

1.10 How to Select a Range Scale .................................................................................. 1-14

1.11 How to Select a Pulselength .................................................................................... 1-15

1.11.1 How to change the pulselength.................................................................... 1-15

1.12 Presentation Modes .................................................................................................1-16

1.12.1 How to select a presentation mode.............................................................. 1-16

1.12.2 Description of presentation modes............................................................... 1-16

1.13 How to Set Up Function Keys .................................................................................. 1-18

1.13.1 Set the function operation mode .................................................................. 1-18

1.13.2 Operate the function keys ............................................................................1-18

1.13.3 Change the function key setting................................................................... 1-19

1.14 How to Select the Interface for Heading Input ......................................................... 1-20

1.15 How to Set Own Ship’s Speed................................................................................. 1-20

1.15.1 Automatic speed input (log or GPS navigator)............................................. 1-20

1.16 How to Set the Navigational Data Box..................................................................... 1-21

1.17 How to use MOB Mark............................................................................................. 1-22

1.18 How to Adjust the Gain ............................................................................................ 1-23

1.18.1 How to select auto/manual gain control ....................................................... 1-23

1.18.2 How to adjust the gain manually .................................................................. 1-23

1.19 How to Reduce Sea Clutter......................................................................................1-24

1.19.1 How to select the method of clutter adjustment ........................................... 1-24

1.1

9.2 How to fine-tune sea clutter reduction.......................................................... 1-24

1.19.3 How to manually reduce sea clutter............................................................. 1-25

1.20 How to Reduce Rain Clutter..................................................................................... 1-25

1.20.1 How to select the method of rain clutter reduction....................................... 1-25

1.20.2 How to manually reduce rain clutter............................................................. 1-26

1.21 Interference Rejector................................................................................................1-27

1.22 Echo Stretch............................................................................................................. 1-28

1.23 Echo Averaging........................................................................................................ 1-28

1.24 Automatic Clutter Elimination (ACE) Function ......................................................... 1-29

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.24.1 How to turn the ACE function on/off .............................................................1-29

1.24.2 How to adjust the gain in ACE mode............................................................1-29

1.24.3 How to get high sensitivity............................................................................1-29

1.24.4 How to suppress false echoes .....................................................................1-30

1.25 Noise Rejector..........................................................................................................1-30

1.26 Wiper ........................................................................................................................1-30

1.27 Zoom ........................................................................................................................1-31

1.27.1 How to use the zoom functions ....................................................................1-31

1.27.2 Select zoom expansion ................................................................................1-32

1.28 How to Off-Center the Display..................................................................................1-32

1.29 Picture Presets .........................................................................................................1-33

1.29.1 How to select a customized echo.................................................................1-34

1.29.2 How to edit a customized echo ....................................................................1-35

1.29.3 How to restore a user customized echo to the saved settings .....................1-36

1.29.4 How to restore a user customized echo to the factory default settings........1-36

1.29.5 How to invalidate the unused preset option .................................................1-36

1.30 How to Reject Second-trace Echoes........................................................................1-37

1.31 How to Measure Range............................................................................................1-37

1.31.1 How to show/hide the range rings ................................................................1-38

1.31.2 How to measure range with the variable range marker (VRM) ....................1-38

1.31.3 How to set the VRM unit of measurement....................................................1-39

1.31.4 How to show TTG to VRM............................................................................1-39

1.32 How to Measure Bearing..........................................................................................1-40

1.32.1 Methods to measure bearing........................................................................1-40

1.32.2 True or relative bearing ................................................................................1-40

1.33 Collision Assessment by Offset EBL ........................................................................1-41

1.33.1 How to assess risk of collision using the offset EBL ....................................1-41

1.33.2 How to set the origin point reference for EBL OFFSET ...............................1-42

1.34 How to Measure Range and Bearing Between Two Targets ...................................1-43

1.35 Target Trails .............................................................................................................1-44

1.35.1 Trail time.......................................................................................................1-44

1.35.2 True or relative trails.....................................................................................1-45

1.35.3 Trail gradation ..............................................................................................1-46

1.35.4 Trail color......................................................................................................1-46

1.35.5 Trail level ......................................................................................................1-47

1.35.6 Narrow trails .................................................................................................1-47

1.35.7 How to hide the trails temporarily .................................................................1-47

1.35.8 How to erase/restart trails ............................................................................1-47

1.35.9 How to prevent sea clutter in true trails ........................................................1-48

1.35.10Select the Trail Length .................................................................................1-48

1.35.11How to hide the land trails ............................................................................1-48

1.35.12How to hold the trail......................................................................................1-49

1.35.13Trail color shift ..............................................................................................1-49

1.36 Target Analyzer ........................................................................................................1-50

1.36.1 How to activate/deactivate the target analyzer.............................................1-51

1.37 Target Alert...............................................................................................................

1.37

.1 How to set a target alert ...............................................................................1-51

1.37.2 How to mute the target alert .........................................................................1-52

1.37.3 How to deactivate a target alert....................................................................1-52

1.37.4 How to change target alert attributes ...........................................................1-53

1.38 PI (Parallel Index) Lines ...........................................................................................1-53

1.38.1 How to set the maximum number of lines to display ....................................1-53

1.38.2 How to change PI line bearing and interval..................................................1-54

1.38.3 How to change the PI line bearing reference ...............................................1-54

1.38.4 How to change the PI line orientation...........................................................1-54

1.38.5 How to reset the PI lines to default (ship’s heading) ....................................1-55

1-51

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.39 How to Use the Net Cursor (Diamond Cursor)......................................................... 1-55

1.39.1 How to activate the net cursor...................................................................... 1-55

1.39.2 How to set the net cursor dimensions and orientation ................................. 1-55

1.40 How to Use the Circle Line....................................................................................... 1-56

1.41 How to Use Marks.................................................................................................... 1-57

1.41.1 Heading Line................................................................................................ 1-57

1.41.2 Stern mark.................................................................................................... 1-57

1.41.3 North mark ................................................................................................... 1-57

1.41.4 Cursor bearing scale.................................................................................... 1-57

1.41.5 How to set up the own ship symbol.............................................................. 1-58

1.41.6 Cursor setting............................................................................................... 1-58

1.41.7 How to set the barge mark........................................................................... 1-58

1.42 How to Adjust Brilliance of On-screen Data............................................................. 1-59

1.43 How to Select a Display Mode ................................................................................. 1-61

1.44 How to Display and Set Up Navigational Data......................................................... 1-61

1.44.1 How to set up the navigational data............................................................. 1-61

1.45 How to Set the Local Time....................................................................................... 1-62

1.46 How to Set the Loran/Decca .................................................................................... 1-63

1.47 How to Customize Operation ...................................................................................1-65

1.48 How to Interpret the ALERT message ..................................................................... 1-65

1.48.1 Alert descriptions.......................................................................................... 1-65

1.48.2 Acknowledge the alert.................................................................................. 1-65

1.48.3 Alert list ........................................................................................................ 1-66

1.48.4 Alert icons and their meanings..................................................................... 1-67

1.49 Setting Password ..................................................................................................... 1-68

1.49.1 How to set or change the password............................................................. 1-68

1.49.2 How to disable the password ....................................................................... 1-68

2. RADAR OBSERVATION .......................................................................................2-1

2.1 General ......................................................................................................................2-1

2.1.1 Minimum and maximum ranges..................................................................... 2-1

2.2 False Echoes ............................................................................................................. 2-3

2.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder) ................................................................. 2-5

2.3.1 SART description ...........................................................................................2-5

2.3.2 How to show SART marks on the radar display............................................. 2-6

2.3.3 General remarks on receiving SARTs............................................................ 2-6

2.4 RACON ......................................................................................................................2-7

2.5 Radar Target Enhancer (RTE)................................................................................... 2-7

3. TARGET TRACKING (TT) .....................................................................................3-1

3.1 Precautions for Target Tracking Usage ..................................................................... 3-1

3.2 TT Symbols and Attributes......................................................................................... 3-2

3.2.1 TT symbols..................................................................................................... 3-2

3.2.2 How to display the TT symbols ...................................................................... 3-2

3.3 How to Select the TRAIL mode..................................................................................3-2

3.3.1 How to select auto/manual trail mode............................................................ 3-2

3.3.2 How to manually acquire targets.................................................................... 3-3

3.3.3 How to automatically acquire targets ............................................................. 3-3

3.4 How to Cancel Target Tracking.................................................................................. 3-4

3.4.1 How to cancel tracking for individual TT targets ............................................ 3-4

3.4.2 How to cancel tracking for all TT targets........................................................ 3-4

3.5 Display Settings for Target Numbers ......................................................................... 3-5

3.6 How to Display/Hide Target Data...............................................................................3-6

3.6.1 How to display target data..............................................................................3-7

3.6.2 How to display the target list .......................................................................... 3-8

3.7 How to Display the Past Position ............................................................................... 3-9

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

3.7.1 How to display the past position.....................................................................3-9

3.7.2 How to change TT track color/line..................................................................3-9

3.7.3 How to set TT track interval............................................................................3-9

3.8 Vector .......................................................................................................................3-10

3.8.1 Types of vectors ...........................................................................................3-10

3.8.2 How to change the vector length (time)........................................................3-11

3.9 Set Drift.....................................................................................................................3-11

3.10 Alert ..........................................................................................................................3-12

3.10.1 Lost target ....................................................................................................3-12

3.10.2 Collision alert (CPA, TCPA) .........................................................................3-12

3.10.3 How to activate the acquisition zone ............................................................3-13

3.11 TT Simulation Mode .................................................................................................3-15

4. AIS OPERATION ...................................................................................................4-1

4.1 AIS Symbols and Their Meanings ..............................................................................4-1

4.2 Activate AIS Targets...................................................................................................4-2

4.2.1 How to activate specific targets manually ......................................................4-2

4.2.2 How to activate the AIS target within specified range ....................................4-3

4.2.3 How to limit the AIS auto activate function .....................................................4-3

4.3 How to Sleep AIS Targets ..........................................................................................4-3

4.4 How to Set the AIS Target Symbol.............................................................................4-4

4.5 AIS Target Data..........................................................................................................4-4

4.5.1 How to display target data in the data display area........................................4-4

4.5.2 How to remove target data from the display area ..........................................4-5

4.5.3 How to show target information......................................................................4-5

4.5.4 How to show the AIS target list ......................................................................4-5

4.6 AIS Target’s Track......................................................................................................4-6

4.6.1 How to show the AIS target’s track ................................................................4-6

4.6.2 How to set the AIS target’s color and line ......................................................4-6

4.6.3 How to hold/release the AIS track recording ..................................................4-6

4.7 Vector .........................................................................................................................4-6

4.8 Alert Settings ..............................................................................................................4-7

4.8.1 How to set the AIS target alert .......................................................................4-7

4.8.2 How to set the lost target filter........................................................................4-7

4.8.3 How to set the collision alert (CPA/TCPA alert) .............................................4-8

4.9 AIS Messages ............................................................................................................4-9

5. VIDEO PLOTTER OPERATION ............................................................................5-1

5.1 Track Display..............................................................................................................5-1

5.1.1 Symbol ...........................................................................................................5-1

5.1.2 How to show/hide the ship’s mark..................................................................5-2

5.1.3 How to show/hide the tracks ..........................................................................5-3

5.1.4 How to set the own ship’s track recording......................................................5-4

5.1.5 How to set the track color...............................................................................5-5

5.1.6 How to set the track line .................................................................................5-7

5.1.7 How to set the track recording method and interval.......................................5-8

5.1.8 How to delete the own ship’s track.................................................................5-9

5.1.9 How to edit the own ship’s track...................................................................5-10

5.1.10 How to display other ship’s information........................................................5-11

5.1.11 How to delete other ship’s track ...................................................................5-13

5.2 Mark..........................................................................................................................5-14

5.2.1 How to set marks..........................................................................................5-14

5.2.2 How to enter a mark/line ..............................................................................5-15

5.2.3 How to delete marks/lines ............................................................................5-17

5.2.4 How to edit marks/lines ................................................................................5-17

5.2.5 How to show the mark information ...............................................................5-18

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

5.2.6 How to use the mark filter ............................................................................ 5-19

5.3 Origin Mark............................................................................................................... 5-22

5.3.1 How to set the origin mark type.................................................................... 5-22

5.3.2 How to enter an origin mark......................................................................... 5-23

5.3.3 How to delete the origin mark ...................................................................... 5-23

5.4 Waypoint ..................................................................................................................5-24

5.4.1 How to enter waypoints................................................................................ 5-24

5.4.2 How to edit the existing waypoints............................................................... 5-30

5.4.3 How to delete a waypoint............................................................................. 5-30

5.4.4 How to search for a waypoint....................................................................... 5-31

5.4.5 How to set the ship’s speed to calculate the arriving time ........................... 5-31

5.4.6 How to show the waypoint name ................................................................. 5-32

5.4.7 How to select the waypoint mark size.......................................................... 5-32

5.4.8 How to display an external waypoint............................................................ 5-32

5.5 Route........................................................................................................................5-33

5.5.1 How to create a route................................................................................... 5-33

5.5.2 How to edit created routes ........................................................................... 5-36

5.5.3 How to delete routes .................................................................................... 5-37

5.5.4 How to search routes ................................................................................... 5-37

5.5.5 How to set the ship’s speed to calculate the arriving time ........................... 5-38

5.5.6 How to create an external route................................................................... 5-38

5.6 Destination Points .................................................................................................... 5-38

5.6.1 Setting a quick point..................................................................................... 5-38

5.6.2 How to set the registered waypoint as a destination.................................... 5-41

5.6.3 Set the registered route as a destination ..................................................... 5-43

5.6.4 Cancel the waypoint..................................................................................... 5-45

5.6.5 Explanations on waypoint settings............................................................... 5-45

5.7 Alerts Regarding the Plotter.....................................................................................5-46

5.7.1 How to set the arrival, anchor watch alert....................................................5-46

5.7.2 How to set the route alert............................................................................. 5-47

5.7.3 How to set XTE, border alert........................................................................ 5-47

5.7.4 How to set Intrusion point............................................................................. 5-48

5.7.5 How to set ship speed alert.......................................................................... 5-48

5.7.6 How to set trip range alert............................................................................ 5-49

5.7.7 How to set the water temperature alert........................................................ 5-49

5.7.8 How to set the tide alert ............................................................................... 5-50

5.7.9 How to set the depth alert ............................................................................ 5-50

5.8 Chart ........................................................................................................................5-51

5.8.1 How to display or hide the chart................................................................... 5-51

5.8.2 How to align the chart position..................................................................... 5-51

5.8.3 How to select the chart type

5.8.4 Chart settings menu..................................................................................... 5-52

5.8.5 How to set the depth line..............................................................................5-54

5.8.6 How to display the detailed depth line.......................................................... 5-55

5.8.7 Explanations on chart menu......................................................................... 5-55

......................................................................... 5-52

6. DATA SAVE AND READ .......................................................................................6-1

6.1 Data Saving................................................................................................................ 6-1

6.2 Internal Preserved Memory........................................................................................6-1

6.2.1 How to save the data to internal memory....................................................... 6-1

6.2.2 Display the internal memory data................................................................... 6-2

6.2.3 How to playback the internal memory data.................................................... 6-3

6.2.4 How to delete the internal memory data ........................................................ 6-4

6.3 USB Flash Memory .................................................................................................... 6-5

6.3.1 How to insert the USB flash memory ............................................................. 6-5

6.3.2 How to remove the USB flash memory.......................................................... 6-6

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

6.3.3 How to save the data to USB flash memory...................................................6-6

6.3.4 Reload the data from USB flash memory.......................................................6-8

6.3.5 Transfer the data from USB flash memory.....................................................6-9

6.4 Data Backup.............................................................................................................6-10

6.4.1 Data backup automatically ...........................................................................6-10

6.4.2 Data backup manually..................................................................................6-10

6.4.3 Load the backup data...................................................................................6-11

6.5 Data Reloading.........................................................................................................6-12

6.6 Screenshot ...............................................................................................................6-13

7. MAINTENANCE, TROUBLESHOOTING .............................................................. 7-1

7.1 Periodic Maintenance Schedule.................................................................................7-2

7.2 How to Replace the Fuse ...........................................................................................7-3

7.3 Life Expectancy of Major Parts...................................................................................7-3

7.4 Trackball Maintenance ...............................................................................................7-4

7.5 Easy Troubleshooting.................................................................................................7-5

7.6 Advanced-level Troubleshooting ................................................................................7-6

7.7 Diagnostics.................................................................................................................7-9

7.7.1 Radar function test .........................................................................................7-9

7.7.2 Plotter function test.......................................................................................7-10

7.8 CANbus Monitor .......................................................................................................7-11

7.9 Operation/ Alert Log .................................................................................................7-12

APPENDIX 1 MENU TREE .......................................................................................AP-1

APPENDIX 2 LONGITUDE ERROR .......................................................................AP-12

APPENDIX 3 ALERT LIST......................................................................................AP-13

APPENDIX 4 ABBREVIATIONS.............................................................................AP-15

APPENDIX 5 SYMBOLS/ ICONS ...........................................................................AP-20

SPECIFICATIONS .....................................................................................................SP-1

INDEX ......................................................................................................................... IN-1

Page 12

FOREWORD

A Word to the Owner of FAR-1416/FAR-1426

Congratulations on your choice of the FURUNO FAR-1416/FAR-1426 of radars. We are confident you will see why FURUNO has become synonymous with quality and reliability.

Since 1948, FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for innovative and dependable marine electronics equipment. This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers.

Your radar is designed and constructed to meet the rigorous demands of the marine environment. However, no machine can perform its intended function unless installed, operated and maintained properly. Please carefully read and follow the recommended procedures for operation and maintenance.

We would appreciate hearing from you, the end-user, about whether we are achieving our purposes.

Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO equipment.

Features

• Two methods of operation are available: RCU-029 (standard supply control unit) and RCU-030 (optional trackball control unit). The ergonomically designed palm rest on the RCU-030 makes it easy to use.

• Portrait or Landscape display modes available.

• Simple operation with “point-and-click” menu functionality.

• All functions can be accessed using only the trackball unit.

• TT and AIS are supplied as standard.

• CPA/TCPA alarms.

• Targets activate the user-set alarm zone when entering or exiting the zone.

• The target analyzer function helps to find targets in high noise areas (rain/snow) or where there is interference from surface reflections.

• The plotter functions are supplied as standard.

Page 13

Signal processing functions

This radar has the signal processing functions listed in the table below.

Function Description Section

Interference rejector Suppresses interference by other radars.

Interference received simultaneously from multiple radars may be difficult to reduce.

Echo stretch Enlarges target echoes, especially small echoes.

Suppress interference, sea clutter and rain clutter before using echo stretch, to prevent enlargement of unwanted echoes.

Echo averaging The radar samples echoes with each scan.

Targets that show a large change with each scan are judged as clutter and are reduced to display only echoes from legitimate targets.

Automatic clutter elimination

Noise rejector Reduces white noise then improves the on-screen

Discriminates clutter from the radar echo, then reduces the clutter automatically.

S/N ratio by processing the weighted moving average filter for the received echoes in the range direction. Use this function with caution. Weak target echoes may disappear from the screen or the range resolution may worsen.

Program numbers

FOREWORD

section 1.21

section 1.22

section 1.23

section 1.24

section 1.25

Unit Software Program No. Remarks

Display unit SPU 0359397-01.**

** denotes minor modifications.

The programs used in the equipment

• Portions of this software are copyright

2016. The FreeType Project (www. freetype. org). All

right reserved.

• This equipment includes GPL2.0, LGPL2.0, Apache, BSD, MIT or other licensed softwares. For further software information, please access the following URL: https://www.furuno.co.jp/en/contact/cnt_oss_e01.html

CE declaration

With regards to CE declarations, please refer to our website (www.furuno.com), for further information about RoHS conformity declarations.

Page 14

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

Antenna Unit

USB

Device

AC100-230V,

1ø, 50/60Hz

FAR-1416 XN12A-RSB0070-086A1 XN12A-RSB0073-086A1 XN13A-RSB0070-086A1 XN13A-RSB0073-086A1

Control Unit

RCU-029

Remote Controller

RCU-019

Trackball

Control Unit

RCU-030

Switching HUB

HUB-100

Display Unit

RDP-155

FAR-1426 XN12A-RSB0070-087A1 XN12A-RSB0073-087A1 XN13A-RSB0070-087A1 XN13A-RSB0073-087A1

External Monitor䠄DVI䠅

External Monitor (Analog RGB)/VDR

CANbus Device

Navigation Device

GPS Receiver

Gyro Compass䠆/ Heading Sensor/ Satellite Compass

DC24V

AC100-115/

220-230V,

1ø, 50/60Hz

Standard supply

䠖

Option or local supply

䠖

䞉Rectifier

RU-1746B-2 RU-3424 䞉AC/DC Power

Supply Unit PR-240 PR-850A

(Either one)

External Buzzer (For Alarm)

Radar Sub Display

*: The gyrocompass must also have an update rate that is adequate for

the ship’s rate of turn. The update rate must be better than 40 Hz (HSC) or 20 Hz (conventional vessel).

Equipment category

Unit Category

Antenna Exposed to the weather

Other units Protected from the weather

xii

Page 15

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.1 Control Unit

Control unit RCU-029

Power lamp

STBY

OFF

ALARM

ACK

EBL rotary control VRM rotary control

PUSH TO

BRILL A/C RAIN A/C SEA GAIN

PLOT

INTVL

EBL

TRACK

COLOR

EBL

OFFSET

PUSH TO

SELECT

MARK

CANCEL

CURSOR

ON/OFF

CENTER

OFF

PUSH TO

16 17

WPTMARK

ECHO TRAIL

USB port cover

PUSH TO

GO TO

VRM

RANGE

Left button

ACQ

Trackball

Scrollwheel

Right button

No. Key/Control Description

1 Power switch Turns the power on or off. The power lamp lights up when the power is

turned on. 2 STBY/TX Press to switch between STBY (Stand-by) and TX (Transmit) modes. 3 BRILL/F1 Rotate: Adjusts the screen brilliance. Push: Activates the F1 function. 4 A/C RAIN/F2 Rotate: Adjusts rain clutter. Push: Activates the F2 function. 5 A/C SEA/F3 Rotate: Adjusts sea clutter. Push: Activates the F3 function. 6 GAIN/F4 Rotate: Adjusts gain. Push: Activates the F4 function. 7 Trackball Moves the cursor and selects menu item. 8 Left button Selects menu item. Change the setting. 9 Right button Opens the cursor-selected context menu; closes open menus. 10 Scrollwheel Rotate: Selects menu column. Press: Validate selection. 11 MENU Opens/closes the main menu. 12 PLOT/INTVL Sets the plot or interval. 13 TRACK/COLOR Opens/closes the track line and color setting menu. 14 MARK SELECT Opens/closes the mark patterns and colors setting menu. 15 MARK Sets the mark on the screen. 16 WPT Sets the waypoint on the screen. 17 GO TO Sets the destination on the screen. 18 ACQ • TT mode: Selects or acquires the cursor-highlighted echo as a target.

• AIS mode: Selects or activates the cursor-highlighted target.

19 EBL rotary control • Cursor ‘On’ mode: Sets the EBL value.

• Cursor ‘Off’ mode: Moves the map to up/down.

20 VRM rotary control • Cursor ‘On’ mode: Sets the VRM value.

• Cursor ‘Off’’ mode: Moves the map to left/right.

21 Range +/- Selects the display range.

1-1

Page 16

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

No. Key/Control Description

22 HL OFF Hides heading line when pressed and held. 23 ALARM ACK • Acknowledges alerts.

• Silences the alert buzzer. 24 EBL Activates/deactivates the EBL cursor. 25 EBL OFFSET Activates the EBL offset. 26 CANCEL • TT mode: Deactivates tracking for the cursor-selected target.

• AIS mode: Sleeps the selected target.

• Long press: Sleeps/deactivates all TT targets. 27 CURSOR ON/OFF Activates/deactivates the cross cursor. 28 OFF CENTER Moves the radar display off center. 29 ECHO TRAIL Activates/deactivates the echo trail. 30 VRM Activates/deactivates the VRM cursor.

Trackball control unit RCU-030 (Option)

The optional trackball control unit RCU-030 can be used to control most features of this radar.

Parts location No. Name Functions

Trackball Moves cursor.

Selects a menu item.

Left Button Does the operation related to the selected

object. Confirms the operation for the selected object.

Scrollwheel Rotate to select a menu item or to change

the values in the menu box. Press to select the desired item.

Right Button Opens the box menu.

Opens the main menu. Cancels current action.

1-2

Remote controller RCU-019 (Option)

The optional remote controller RCU-019 can be used to control the radar picture.

Parts location No. Key Function

Off-center Moves the center of radar display (own

ship’s location).

STBY/TX Toggle between stand-by and transmis-

sion.

RANGE In TX mode: Select the radar range.

In STBY mode: Select the plotter range.

1 2

CENTER

REMOTE CONTROLLER

OFF

RANGE

STBY

Page 17

Standards used in this manual

This manual uses the following standards:

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Terminology

standards

Select • Using the trackball, move the cursor over the item to be “selected”.

• Rotate the scroll wheel to highlight the item to be “selected”. Left-click Press the left button on the RCU-029. Right-click Press the right button on the RCU-029. Left button Refers to the left button on the RCU-029. Right button Refers to the right button on the RCU-029. Control unit Refers to the control unit RCU-029. Trackball control unit Refers to the trackball control unit RCU-030. Open the [MAIN MENU]. • Press the MENU key to open the main menu.

• Select the [MENU] box, then left-click. Close the menu. • Press the MENU key to close the menu. (Closes all open menus.)

• Select the operational display area, then right-click.

• Select the [MENU] box, then right-click.

For the sake of brevity, the procedures in this manual use the terms “Open the [MAIN MENU].” and “Close the menu.”

Most operations can be done with either the trackball control unit RCU-030 or the control unit RCU-029. Throughout this manual, procedures are outlined using the RCU029 control unit, unless otherwise specified.

Meaning

The display unit is available portrait type or landscape type. This manual is using the portrait type for explanations.

How to remove the hard cover

Press the middle of the hard cover with your thumbs and pull off the cover with other fingers toward you.

1.2 How to Turn the Radar On/Off

The POWER switch is located at the top left corner of the control unit. Open the

POWER switch cover and press the switch to turn the radar system on. To turn the

system off, press and hold the POWER switch. The screen shows the bearing scale and digital timer for approximately 90 seconds (FAR-1416) or three minutes (FAR-

1-3

Page 18

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

MARINE RADAR

FAR-1416/1426

XX: Program version

Now Initializing

...

P I C : OK

MARINE RADAR

FAR-1416/1426

㻼㻾㻻㻳㻾㻭㻹 :

0359394-XX.XX

WR : 1451470-XX.XX

Attention

Recorded charts are for reference only. Use latest paper charts for navigation.

㻼㻾㻻㻳㻾㻭㻹㻌㻺㼁㻹㻮㻱㻾

㻲㼁㻾㼁㻺㻻㻌㻱㻸㻱㻯㼀㻾㻵㻯㻌㻯㻻㻚㻘㻌㻸㼀㻰㻚

㻼㻾㻱㻿㻿㻌㻭㻺㼅㻌㻷㻱㼅㻚

MARINE RADAR

FAR-1416/1426

1426) after power is applied. The timer counts down three minutes of warm-up time. During this period, the magnetron (transmitter tube) is warmed for transmission. When the timer has reached 0:00, the indication "ST-BY" appears at the screen center, meaning the radar is now ready to transmit pulses.

In the stand-by condition, rings and TT are not shown. In the warm-up and stand-by conditions, [ON TIME] and [TX TIME] are counted in hours and tenths of an hour, appearing at the screen center.

Password window

When the password is set from the password setting window, the confirmation window appears when the power is applied.

ENTER PASSWORD

PASSWORD : HINT FOR PASSWORD : FA92 A7FC 5ECC 0EF0 D6A3

ENTER PASSWORD WITH NUMERAL KEYS, WHEEL/LEFT BUTTON. FORGOT THE PASSWORD? MAKE NOTE OF HINT NUMBERS AND CONTACT US OR ONE OF OUR DEALERS.

Rotate the scrollwheel and press the left button to enter the password. When the password entered matches the password registered, the confirmation window disappears and the standard display appears. Refer to section 1.49 to set the password.

Note 1: Do not turn on the power directly after it has been turned off. Wait several seconds before you reapply the power, to be sure the radar starts up properly.

Note 2: Parameters set on the menus are stored in a non-volatile memory (flash memory), and are preserved when the power is turned off.

Note 3: The screen refreshes slower in low ambient temperature.

1.3 How to Start/Stop Transmission

The radar is ready to transmit when the message "STBY" appears. Press the STBY/ TX key to start transmission. The radar echoes are displayed on the screen with the

previously used settings of range, brilliance, VRM, EBL and menu settings.

Press the STBY/TX key again to go into stand-by. The antenna radiator rotates when transmitting and is stopped in stand-by. The output of the magnetron shortens with transmission time. Keep the equipment in stand-by when its use is not required, to

1-4

lengthen the life of the magnetron.

Page 19

Start with the box on the screen

RING ----

HEAD UP RM STBY

Tuning control position. Place cursor inside the box, then rotate the scrollwheel to adjust the tuning.

TUNE MAN

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when cursor is not shown on the screen.

2. Move the cursor onto the mark box at left-top on the screen, then press the left button. Each press of the button toggles between TX and STBY.

1.4 How to Tune the Receiver

1.4.1 How to select the tuning method

1. Select the [TUNE] box at the top right of the screen to change the tuning method. The tuning box is displayed as "TUNE AUTO" or "TUNE MAN", depending on the currently selected tuning method.

2. Press the left button to change the tuning method.

Tuning level indicator. Place arrow inside box to adjust tuning. (This disables automatic tuning.)

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Tuning method (AUTO or MAN)

TUNE MAN

1.4.2 How to initialize tuning

Automatic tuning is initialized at installation. However, if you feel that the automatic tuning is not functioning properly, re-initialize it by following the procedure below.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ECHO], then press the left button.

3. Select [TUNE INITIALIZE], then press the left button. The indication "TUNE" color changed to yellow during the initialization.

4. Close the menu.

1.4.3 How to tune the receiver manually

1. Select the 48-mile range from the [RANGE] box. Press the left button to lower the range; the right button to raise the range.

2. Select manual tuning following the procedure in paragraph 1.4.1.

3. Place the arrow on the tuning bar area in the [TUNE] box.

4. Rotate the scrollwheel to adjust tuning. The best tuning point is where the bar graph swings 80 percent approx. The tuning control position is indicated with a triangle, displayed inside the tuning bar.

1-5

Page 20

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.5 How to Adjust the Brilliance and Color tone

1.5.1 Adjust the brilliance with control panel

1. Use the BRILL knob to adjust the brilliance as appropriate. Turn clockwise to increase the brilliance, counter-clockwise to reduce the brilliance.

2. Push the BRILL knob to complete the procedure.

Note: External monitor brilliance is not adjustable from the radar. Refer to the external monitor’s Operator’s Manual for how to adjust brilliance.

1.5.2 Select the brilliance

The screen brilliance and color tone can be adjusted as shown below. The preset variations are following.

Color (Icon) Brilliance (%) Character color Radar background color

Day

Dusk

Night

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when cursor is not shown on the screen.

2. Move the cursor onto the [BRILL] icon, then press the left button.

3. Press the left button to adjust the brilliance as appropriate. Each press of the left

button cycles through the brilliance mode settings.

Note: You can adjust the mark and characters brilliance. Refer to section 1.42.

100 Green Black

40 White Blue

4RedBlack

1-6

Page 21

1.6 Display Indications

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Portrait view

2 3 4

Landscape view

1 2 4 5

1214151617

1-7

Page 22

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

No. Name Description

1 Range/mode box Changes the radar range and mode. 2 ST-BY/TX box Changes the ST-BY mode and transmit mode. 3 Own ship information box Shows various data regarding own ship. Contains speed*,

heading and position context menus.

*: Negative value speed: Vessel is using reverse thrust. 4 Waypoint information box Displays the waypoint informations. 5 Indicator box Adjusts the picture settings GAIN, A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and

TUNE boxes. 6 Cursor data box Displays the range, bearing and TTG to cursor position. 7 Menu information box Displays currently setting menu. 8 Guidance box Displays various information, such as received messages,

TT/AIS target information and navigational data. 9 MOB box Displays MOB mark data. 10 AZ box Activates/deactivates the acquisition zone(s). 11 VRM box Activates/deactivates the VRM. 12 Alert icon Displays alert information. 13 AIS message icon Displays AIS message arrival. 14 TRAIL box Sets the target trail time and past position interval.

Activates/deactivates target trail. 15 TGT List Displays the target list; displays the [TARGET LIST] menu. 16 Vector box Activates/deactivates vector indication. 17 BRILL icon Adjusts screen brilliance; opens the [BRILL] menu. 18 Screenshot icon Save a screenshot of the entire displayed image.

Displays the screenshots list.

Note: The screenshot data can be transfered to an USB flash

memory.

19 EBL box Activates/deactivates the EBL. 20 PI Line box Activates/deactivates the PI lines. 21 MARK boxes Selects mark icons; displays mark information. 22 Waypoint information box Displays waypoint mark’s shape and select menu. 23 Circle radius range box Displays the radius range of circle line. 24 Radar effective area Displays radar picture and map. 25 Mark filter box Displays the mark filter information. 26 Plotter icons Uses the plotter functions. 27 Radar control box Sets the radar control and adjust the echo picture. This con-

sists of PULSE, PICTURE, EAV and ES boxes. 28 Display mode box Changes the display mode.

Display specifications

• Nominal viewing distance: 0.75 m

• Text height: 2.67 mm

• Text width: 2.08 mm

1-8

Page 23

1.7 How to Use the Cursor

33°59.000N

133°59.000E

340.1°R

3.600NM

TTG 00:32

Bearing/range

displayed

Bearing/range to cursor position (*

)

TTG to cursor position (*

)

Distance (x, y) to cursor position (*

)

Cursor positon’s latitude/longitude (*

)

33°59.000N

133°59.000E

-1.244NM

3.267NM

TTG 00:32

33°59.000N

133°59.000E

892 498

TTG 00:32

Fish grid to cursor position (*

)

: Cursor position data shows “---” during st-by mode.

: Indication selectable from menu

1.7.1 Cursor information box

Cursor data can be shown in latitude and longitude position or the cursor’s X-Y coordinates.

Place cursor on the cursor data box at the right side of the display then press the left button. The data box shows the cursor information in the upper half and cursor location (latitude/longitude) is shown in the lower half.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Note 1: For the X-Y co-ordinates display, the Y-axis is the heading line, the upper half

1.7.2 How to select the cursor function

of the screen is “plus” and the lower part of the screen is “minus”. The X-axis is the port/starboard direction, starboard is “plus”, port is “minus”.

Note 2: Cursor data reads "- - -.-" when the cursor is placed outside the operational display area.

Functions that require the use of the cursor, such as EBL offset and zoom, can be activated directly from the guidance box, either method with the cursor inside the operational display area. Below is the procedure for choosing cursor-related functions from the [CURSOR] menu.

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when the cursor is not displayed.

1-9

Page 24

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

2. Place the cursor on the radar effective area by operating the trackball, then rotate the scrollwheel to select a function required. The cursor control window appears and the cursor shape border shown in red.

Note: If there is no operation for 30 seconds, the cursor control window disappears and the function is reset.

3. Use the trackball to move the cursor to the location to use the function.

4. Press the left button.

5. To quit the selected function, press the right button. The cursor control window disappears and the cursor shape is reset.

Menu Item Description

TARGET CANCEL TT: Cancels tracking on selected tracked target.

TT TARGET DATA & ACQ Acquires selected echo as tracked target. EBL OFFSET Offsets EBL to measure range and bearing between

OFF CENTER Shifts screen center to selected location. ZOOM SET Zooms selected location. MARK DELETE Deletes selected mark (plotter mark, origin mark or

DELETE OTHER TRACK Deletes own ship's tracks. CHART ALIGN Aligns chart positions with the radar picture. TRAIL ERASER SELECT Erases trails. SET CIRCLE LINE Set the circle line. MARK ATTRIBUTE CHANGE Change the mark attributes.

[L]: TARGET CANCEL [L]LONG: ALL TGT CANCEL TURNWHEEL: CURSOR SELECT

AIS: Sleeps selected AIS target.

two targets.

waypoint mark).

1-10

Page 25

1.8 Menu Operations

1.8.1 How to access the main menu

The main menu can be accessed from the control unit. The [MAIN MENU] appears in the text area on the right side of the screen.

Press the MENU key on the control panel or press the right button.

Note: To open the main menu with the right button, note the following.

• The cursor must not be on the control box.

• The cursor must not select a mark or symbol on the screen.

[MENU]

1. [ECHO]

2. [ROUTES/WAYPOINTS]

3. [OTHER SHIPS’ INFO.]

4. [MARK]

5. [TRACK]

6. [MEMORY REC./PLAY.]

7. [ALERT SETTINGS]

8. [CHART]

9. [CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK]

10. [NAVDATA]

11. [INITIAL SETTING]

Echo processing functions Processes nav lines and waypoints. Sets TT and AIS functions. Mainly turns markers on/off. Sets own ship’s track on/off. Upload/download the data files. Sets target alarm functions; outputs alert signal. Sets chart information data. Selects cursor information. Navigation tools (PI lines/EBL/VRM) Sets data display box items.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

TURN WHEEL : SELECT [L] : DECISION [R]: GO BACK

Operation guide

To close the menu, press the MENU key or press the right button several times.

Note 1: The menu is closed automatically when it is not operated for 30 seconds.

Note 2: This manual uses the phrases “Open the [MAIN MENU]” and “Close the

menu.” for the sake of brevity.

Note 3: The guidance box can be hidden from the [OPERATION SETTING] menu. Refer to section 1.47.

1-11

Page 26

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Press [GO TO] key

Cursor for a charactor

COMMENT : _ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z { } , . - ! ? / & = # _ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Space Delete

Enter PRESS LEFT BUTTON: INPUT CHARS. PRESS RIGHT BUTTON: BACK [GO TO] : SWITCH UPPER/LOWER CASE [DEL]: DELETE ALL [PLOT INTVL]1〜 [PLOT INTVL]5: ABBR. SELECTIONS

SELECTIONS:

COMMENT : _ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { } , . - ! ? / & = # _ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Space Delete

Enter PRESS LEFT BUTTON: INPUT CHARS. PRESS RIGHT BUTTON: BACK [GO TO] : SWITCH UPPER/LOWER CASE [DEL]: DELETE ALL [PLOT INTVL]1〜 [PLOT INTVL]5: ABBR. SELECTIONS

SELECTIONS:

1.8.2 How to operate the menus

1. Press the MENU key to open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Rotate the trackball or scrollwheel to select a layer one menu item, then left-click. The menu item currently selected is highlighted and shown in reverse video. Note: Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key to enable the cursor before using the trackball.

Layer one (MAIN MENU)

[MAIN MENU]

1. [ECHO]

2. [ROUTES/WAYPOINTS]

3. [OTHER SHIPS’ INFO.]

4. [MARK]

5. [TRACK]

6. [MEMORY REC./PLAY.]

7. [ALERT SETTINGS]

8. [CHART]

9. [CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK]

10. [NAVDATA]

11. [INITIAL SETTING]

Menu selection is highlighted and in reverse video.

Layer two Layer three

[ECHO 1/2]

1. BACK

2. [CUSTOMIZE ECHO]

3. TUNE INITIALIZE

4. [TRAIL]

5. 2ND ECHO REJ OFF / ON

6. SART OFF / ON

7. WIPER OFF/1/2

8. ZOOM OFF /2TIMES/3TIMES

9. ZOOM DISPLAY STB GND/STB HDG/ STB NORTH

[CUSTOMIZE ECHO 1/2]

1. BACK

2. INT REJECT OFF/1/2/3

3. ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3

4. ECHO AVERAGE

....

Select menu items with brackets “[ ]” to access the layer three menu items.

0. NEXT

3. Rotate the trackball or scrollwheel to select the layer two menu item, then press the left button. When further settings are required, repeat this step to access the layer three menu. In the above example, [CUSTOMIZE ECHO] is selected, which opens the layer three [CUSTOMIZE ECHO 1/2] menu.

4. Rotate the trackball or scrollwheel to change the selected setting, then press the left button.

5. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.8.3 How to enter alphanumerics

Text input

Use the text box to enter the text. Press the GO TO key to toggle between upper- and lower-case letters.

1. Rotate the trackball or scrollwheel to select a character, then press the left but-

1-12

ton.

Page 27

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

2. Repeat step 1 to enter the text desired.

Delete a specific character

Place the cursor on [X] or [W], then press the left button to select the character to erase. Select [Delete], then press the left button.

Delete all text

Press the DEL key.

Selections

Based on your past operations, the SELECTIONS column shows up to 5 of the most used words or characters. Press the following key to use the associated selection.

1) TRACK key: Select #1

2) COLOR key: Select #2

3) MARK SELECT key: Select #3

4) MARK Key: Select #4

5) WPT key: Select #5

3. Select [RUN], then press the left button.

Numeral input

Use the trackball to select the numeral, then press the left button.

1.9 How to Use the On-screen Box Menus

Some radar functions can be accessed using the on-screen box menus. A “X” at the right side of an on-screen box which indicates that there is a box menu.

Use the trackball on RCU-029/030 to select the on-screen box, then right-click.

To operate the radar using the on-screen boxes, do the following:

1. Select the desired box.

Note: The cursor changes shape according to its location. It is an arrow ( )

when placed outside the operational display area and when inside the operational

display area, it is a cross ( ).

For the purpose of this example, select the [PULSE] box, at the top left corner of the display.

Move the cursor here, the message appears on the right-hand of the screen.

PULSE --

CUSTOM1

EAV OFF ES OFF

When a box is correctly selected, its color changes (colors depending on selected color palette) and the guidance box at the bottom right corner shows operational

[L]: PULSE SHORTER [R]: PULSE LONGER WHEEL: PULSE SELECT

1-13

Page 28

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

guidance. The operational guidance shows the function of the left button “[L]”, right button “[R]” and the scrollwheel “WHEEL”. The [PULSE] box, for example, displays the operational guidance "PULSE SHORT / PULSE LONG/ SELECT PULSE". In this case you would left-click to select short pulse or right-click to select long pulse.

2. Press the left button to select the desired setting.

3. Rotate the BRILL knob to adjust the display brilliance.

4. Press the MENU key to open the main menu.

5. Select [INITIAL SETTING], then press the left button to display the [INITIAL SETING] menu.

6. Select [BRILL SETTING], then press the left button.

7. Select the desired menu item, then press the left but- ton.

8. Select the appropriate option, then press the left but- ton. Further settings are required, select [NEXT], then press the left button.

9. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.10 How to Select a Range Scale

The selected range scale, range ring interval and pulselength are shown at the upper left corner on the screen. When a target of interest comes closer, reduce the range scale so that it appears in 50-90% of the display radius.

[BRILL1 MENU 1/3]

1. BACK

2. INITIAL SETTING READ DAY/DUSK/NIGHT NO/YES

3. ECHO COLOR YEL / GRN / WHT AMB/M-GRN/M-CHA

4. CHAR COLOR GRN/WHT1/WHT2/ORG/RED

5. RADAR BACKGROWND COLOR BLK/BLU1/BLU2

6. CONTROL PANEL

7. CHARACTER

8. CURSOR

9. ECHO

0. NEXT

TX display

Press the +/- key on the RANGE button to select radar range scale.

[+]: raise the range, [-]: lower the range.

Press and hold the [+] or [-] key to change the range scale continuously.

ST-BY display

Press the +/- key on the RANGE button to select plotter range scale. The range scale indicates the distance of screen width.

[+]: expands the range scale on cursor (at cursor ‘On’) or own ship’s position (at cursor ‘Off’).

[-]: reduces the range scale on cursor (at cursor ‘On’) or own ship’s position (at cursor ‘Off’).

Press and hold the [+] or [-] key to change the range scale continuously.

Select range scale on the box menu

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when cursor is not shown.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

2. Move the cursor onto the [RANGE] box at the top-left corner of the screen.

Range

1.5

RING 0.5

3. Press the left button to lower the range; the right button to raise the range. You can also select the range by rotating the scrollwheel then pressing the left button when the cursor is inside the range box.

Range Box

Range ring interval

1.11 How to Select a Pulselength

The pulselength in use appears at the upper-left position of the screen using the indications shown in the table below.

(PULSE) indication

S (short pulse) M (medium pulse) L (long pulse)

Appropriate pulselengths are preset to individual range scales and function keys. If you are not satisfied with the current pulselength settings, you can change them as shown in the procedure below.

1.11.1 How to change the pulselength

The pulselength can be changed using the procedure below.

1. Place the cursor in the [PULSE] box at the top left corner of the screen.

2. Press the left button, right button or rotate the scrollwheel to cycle through pulselengths. The order in which the pulselengths are cycled is shown in the table below.

Method Cycle order

Left button Decreases the pulselength. Right button Increases the pulselength. Scrollwheel (up) Increases the pulselength. Scrollwheel (down) Decreases the pulselength.

Note: Available pulselengths are restricted depending on the range. See the table below for details.

Range (PULSE) indication

1.5 NM S, M 3 NM M, L

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1.12 Presentation Modes

This radar has the following presentation modes available:

Relative Motion (RM)

HEAD UP : Not stabilized STAB HEAD UP : Head-up with compass bearing scale (True Bearing) where the

bearing scale rotates with the compass reading.

STERN UP : The radar image is rotated 180°. Graphics and relative and true

bearings are also rotated 180°.

COURSE UP : Compass-stabilized relative to ship’s orientation at the time of se-

lecting COURSE UP.

GO TO UP : The waypoint is shown in the top of the screen, while the waypoint

is set as a destination. When the waypoint is no longer a destination, the presentation mode is reset to HEAD UP mode.

NORTH UP : Compass-stabilized with reference to North.

True Motion (TM)

Land objects and sea are stationary. Requires compass and speed data.

1.12.1 How to select a presentation mode

The presentation mode can be changed with using the display mode box.

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when cursor is not shown.

2. Move the cursor onto the display mode box.

3. Press the left button several times to change the presentation mode. The presentation mode changes in the following order with each press of the left button. HEAD UP, STAB HEAD UP, STERN UP, COURSE UP, GO TO UP, NORTH UP.

Note 1: STERN UP is shown when [STERN UP RN] is set to [ON] in [OPERATION SETTING] of the [INITIAL SETTING] menu.

Note 2: The bearing data at the top on the screen shows “***,*°” when the navigation data is lost. The north mark disappears, and presentation mode goes back to the head up mode and also TT/AIS targets disappear. When the navigation data is input again, presentation mode goes back the previous mode automatically.

1.12.2 Description of presentation modes

HEAD UP mode

1-16

A display without azimuth stabilization in which the line that connects the center with the top of the display indicates your heading. Targets are shown at their measured distances and their directions relative to your heading. The short dotted line on the bearing scale is the north marker.

Note 1: When off-centering is active, the heading line shows “000°”.

North marker

Heading line

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Heading line

North marker

Note 2: When the range is set to other than 72 or 96 NM and [TRUE VIEW] in the [ECHO 2/2] menu is set to [ON], echoes are displayed smoothly with high-speed turns. However, the wiper and zoom functions are disabled.

STAB HEAD UP mode

Radar echoes are shown in the same way as in the HEAD UP mode. The difference from normal HEAD UP presentation lies in the orientation of the bearing scale. The bearing scale is heading sensor stabilized. That is, it rotates in accordance with the heading sensor signal, enabling you to know own ship's heading at a glance.

This mode is available when the radar is interfaced with a gyrocompass. If the gyrocompass fails, the bearing scale returns to HEAD UP mode.

STERN UP mode

The STERN UP mode rotates the HEAD UP mode picture, relative and true bearings and display graphics 180°. This mode is useful on dual-radar tugboats when backing up; one radar shows HEAD UP and another shows STERN UP. To enable the STERN UP mode, turn on [STERN UP] on the [OPERATION] menu.

COURSE UP mode

The radar picture is stabilized and displayed with the cur-

North marker

Heading line

rently selected course at the top of the screen. When you change the heading, the heading line moves with the course selected. If you select a new course, select the course up mode again to display the new course at the top of the display. Targets are shown at their measured distances and their directions relative to the set course, which is at the 0-degree position. The picture is stable even with yawing or course changes.

GO TO UP mode

When a waypoint is set as a destination, the waypoint appears at the top of the screen. When the waypoint is no longer a destination, the presentation mode is reset to HEAD UP mode.

NORTH UP mode

Targets are shown at their measured distances and their

North marker

Heading line

true (compass) directions from your ship. North is at the top of the screen. The heading line changes its direction according to your heading.

True motion mode

Your ship and other objects in motion move with their true courses and speed. All fixed targets, like landmasses, appear as fixed echoes in ground stabilized TM. When your ship reaches a point that is 50% of the radius of the display, the position is reset. The ship appears at 75% radius opposite to the extension

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

[FUNCTION KEY]

1. BACK

2. [F1]

3. [F2]

4. [F3]

5. [F4]

6. [MSU-003(A)]

7. [MCU-003(B)]

8. FUNCTION OPERATION SINGLE/MULTI

of the heading line on the display center. You can manually reset your ship symbol if you move the cursor onto the disp mode box at the top of the screen, then press and hold the left button.

Heading line

(a) True motion is selected.

North marker

(b) Your ship has reached

a point 50% of display radius.

1.13 How to Set Up Function Keys

Some menu functions and menus can be assigned to a function key. This allows onetouch access to the assigned function or menu.

1.13.1 Set the function operation mode

There are two operation modes for function key settings.

• Single: registers one function to one of the keys.

• Multi: registers a maximum of eight functions to one of the keys.

reset to 75% of display radius.

1.13.2 Operate the function keys

1-18

The default setting is “single”. Change the settings as follows.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [INITIAL SETTING], then press the left button.

3. Select [FUNCTION KEY], then press the left button.

4. Select [FUNCTION OPERATION], then press the left button.

5. Select [SINGLE] or [MULTI], then press the left but- ton.

6. Close the menu.

Single

Press a function key (F1/F2/F3/F4 key/knob) to execute the registered function. The function keys are preset as follows;

Function key number Function

F1 Chart setting

F2 Orientation mode

F3 Custom menu

F4 TLL output

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Multi

Press the F1 key (or F2/F3/F4 key) to select the registered functions. The function keys are preset as follows;

No.

1 Chart display Orientation mode Custom menu TLL output 2 Nav aids Brill EAV MOB 3 Waypoint list CU-TM reset ES ACE high sens. 4 Route list TT list Video cnt 5 Edit mark AIS list ACE 6 - Consort list Target analyzer 7 - BPS buoy list - 8- - - -

F1 F2 F3 F4

Function key number

1. Press the F1 (or F2/F3/F4) knob. The selecting menu appears.

2. Rotate the knob to select function desired.

3. Select a function with pressing the knob. Repeat pressing the knob changes the menu.

1.13.3 Change the function key setting

To activate an assigned function, press the corresponding function key (F1, F2, F3 or F4).

[F1 KEY EXECUTION]

1. CHART DISPLAY

2. NAV AID

3. WAYPOINT LIST

4. ROUTE LIST

5. EDIT MARK

You can change the function assigned to each key using the following procedure.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [INITIAL SETTING], then press the left button.

3. Select [FUNCTION KEY], then press the left button.

4. Select [F1], [F2], [F3] or [F4] as appropriate, then press the left button.

5. Referring to the table of available functions below, select a function category, then left-click.

Function category

ECHO PICTURE, RAIN/SEA/IR, ES, EAV, TARGET ANALIZER, HATCHING, NOISE

REJ, VIDEO ADJ, PULSE LENGTH, NEAR STC CURVE, LOW LEVEL ECHO, ACE,TUNE SELECT, 2ND ECHO REJ, PM, SART, ECHO TRAIL, TRAIL T/R, WIPER, ACE, TUNE INITIALIZE, TRAIL, 2ND ECHO REJ, SART/WIPER, ECHO AREA, ZOOM, ZOOM AREA

TARGET (TT/ AIS)

PLOTTER WPT LIST, ROUTE LIST, WPT MARK, SIMPLE DESTINATION, CHART, WPT

OPERATION MEMORY, ZOOM, ORIENTATION, VECTOR TIME, VECTOR MODE, TRAIL

TT-LIST, AIS-LIST, CONSORT-LIST, GPS BUOY LIST, TARGET ACQ/SETTING, AIS PAST POSN, CONSORT DISPLAY, TT DISPLAY, GPS BOUY DISPLAY, OTHERTRACK CLEAR, OTHER TRACK INTERVAL, OTHER TRACK EDIT, CPA/TCPA, AZ1, AZ2, RESERVE MESSAGE

TIME, MARK SIZE, AUTO SHOT, MARK FILTER, MARK ALL DELETE, MARK INFO, ORIGIN MARK, CHART POS, MOB, OWN TRACK DISP, OWN TRACK ALL DELETE, TRACK EDIT, TRACK CHANGE ROUTE

TIME, TRAIL MODE, ALARM1, ALARM2, ECHO COLOR, BRILL, TLL, DATA BOX 1, DATA BOX 2, DATA BOX 3, SCREENSHOT

Available function

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[SHIP SPEED SETTING]

1. BACK

2. SHIP SPEED LOG(BT) / LOG(WT) / GPS

3. SET DRIFT OFF/ON

000.0°

0.0kn

Function category

PICTURE CUSTOM1, CUSTOM2, CALM, RAIN, HEAVY RAIN, ABA, PICK, COAST,

OCEAN, BOUY

Available function

6. Select the appropriate function to assign, then press the left button.

7. Close the menu. Repeat the procedure as necessary to set up other function keys.

1.14 How to Select the Interface for Heading Input

When a gyrocompass is connected, the ship’s heading appears on the right side of the screen, in the data display area.

Heading input format can be selected as follows:

1. Place the cursor on the [HDG] box at the top-left of the screen, then press the right button. The [HDG] context menu appears.

2. Select [HDG SOURCE], then press the left button.

3. Select [AD-10] or [SERIAL] as appropriate, then press the left button. This refers to the type of connection, [AD-10] is for AD-10 format (FURUNO original) connection, [SERIAL] is for serial connections.

4. Close the menu.

Note: The heading sensor must be able follow a minimum ROT of 20° per second. Heading sensors with a lesser capability may degrade the performance of echo averaging, trails and TT. The data refresh rate should also be as short as possible. If the refresh rate is too long, the ability to follow courses lessens, thereby affecting the performance of echo averaging, trails and TT.

1.15 How to Set Own Ship’s Speed

The TT and azimuth stabilized presentation modes require own ship speed input and compass signal. The speed can be entered from a log (STW, SOG) or GPS (SOG) or manually on the menu.

Note: Where the own ship speed exceeds 99.9kn, the displayed speed is "99.9kn".

1.15.1 Automatic speed input (log or GPS navigator)

1. Select the [NAV DATA] menu from the [MAIN MENU], then press the left button. The [NAV DATA 1/2] menu appears.

1-20

2. Select [SHIP SPEED SETTING], then press the left button to show the [SPEED SETTING] menu.

3. Select [SHIP SPEED], then press the left button.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

4. Select the appropriate source for automatic speed input, then press the left but-

ton.

Selection Explanation Stabilization Mode

[LOG (BT)]* Log, speed over ground (SOG) Ground stabilization [COG (WT)] Log, Speed thru water (STW) Sea stabilization [GPS] Speed input by GPS navigator Ground stabilization

*: Set and drift may be required to display [LOG (BT)] correctly in deep waters. To change set and drift do the following:

1) From the [SHIP SPEED SETTING], select [SET DRIFT], then press the left but- ton.

2) Select [ON], then press the left button.

3) Select the set angle, then press the left button.

4) Select the drift speed, then press the left button.

5. Close the menu.

Notes on speed input

It should be noted that in determining a target's aspect by radar, the calculation of its true track is dependent on the choice and accuracy of the own ship's course and speed input. A ground-stabilized target plot may accurately calculate the ground track of the target, but the target's heading may be significantly different from its track when experiencing set, drift or leeway. Similarly, a sea stabilized target plot may be inaccurate when own ship and the target, are experiencing different rates of set, drift or leeway.

• IMO Resolution A.823(19) for TT recommends that a speed log to be interfaced with a TT should be capable of providing through-the-water speed (forward speed).

• Be sure not to select a [LOG] option when a speed log is not connected. If the log signal is not provided, the ship speed readout at the top of the screen will be blank. In the event of a log error, enter speed manually.

• The [SPD] is shown as "*.* kn" and the label "LOG(BT)" or "LOG(WT)" appears and the alert buzzer sounds if no log signal is present for 30 s.

• A single-axis water log cannot measure speed when the wind is coming from the leeway direction.

1.16 How to Set the Navigational Data Box

You can select the information box for own ship. Three information boxes are prepared at top on the screen. The boxes show the following data: heading, own ship’s speed, own ship’s bearing, date and own ship’s position, water temperature, water depth, wind direction/speed and current direction/speed.

BOX 1 BOX 2 BOX 3

SPEED

3.4

HEADING

250.0

2017/01/01 01:30

34°15.0000N

135°15.0000E

GAI SEA RAI

Presetting of navigation data

• Box 1: Own ship’s speed.

• Box 2: Own ship’s heading.

• Box 3: Date and own ship’s position.

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MOB POSITION SAVED. GOTO MOB? (CURRNT WAYPOINT WILL BE CANSELLED)

RUN CANCEL

MOB

176.0° R

0.517NM

MOB BOX

How to change the navigation data

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key, if the cursor is not shown.

2. Move the cursor onto the information box desired.

3. Press the left button several times to select the information. You can also select the information by pressing the left button, then rotate the

scrollwheel.

How to hide the navigation data box

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [NAV DATA], then press the left button.

3. Select [DATA BOX 1] (or DATA BOX 2/3), then press the left button.

4. Select [OFF], then press the left button.

5. Close the menu.

1.17 How to use MOB Mark

When a person falls overboard from the vessel, use the MOB (Man Overboard) function. This mark shows the range, bearing and estimated time to MOB position.

Note: Following operations are enable when [ROUTE SELECT] is set to [IN] in the [ROUTE/WAYPOINT] menu.

Enter the MOB mark

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key, if the cursor is not shown.

2. Move the cursor onto the MOB box at the bottom-right of the screen.

3. Press the left button.

The MOB mark ( ) is entered on the location of own ship’s position and the con-

firmation message box appears.

4. Select [RUN], then press the left button. The line between MOB location and own ship appears. The information box for waypoint at the top of the screen indicates the time to go to the waypoint.

SPEED

3.4

HEADING

250.0

TTG 00:00 110.0°R 0.000NM

2017/01/01 01:30

34°15.0000N

135°15.0000E

GAI SEA RAI

1-22

Target information box

Note: Only one MOB mark can be entered any one time. When a new MOB mark is entered, the old mark is deleted.

Erase the MOB mark

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key, if the cursor is not shown.

2. Move the cursor onto the MOB box at bottom-right on the screen.

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3. Press and hold the left button. The MOB mark disappears.

Note: You can also erase the MOB mark by selecting the mark with the cursor and pressing DEL key.

1.18 How to Adjust the Gain

The gain control adjusts the sensitivity of the receiver.

The proper setting is such that the background noise is just visible on the screen. If you set up for too little sensitivity, weak echoes may be missed. On the other hand excessive sensitivity yields too much background noise; strong targets may be missed because of the poor contrast between desired echoes and the background noise on the display.

1.18.1 How to select auto/manual gain control

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when cursor is not shown on the screen.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

2. Move the cursor onto the [GAIN] box at the top-right of the screen.

Level bar Select auto or manual

3. Press the left button to select [GAIN] (automatic adjustment) or [GAIN MAN] (manual adjustment).

To adjust receiver sensitivity, adjust the gain control so background noise is just visible on the screen.

GAIN

1.18.2 How to adjust the gain manually

You can adjust the gain manually by following procedure.

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when cursor is not shown on the screen.

2. Move the cursor onto the range box at the top-left of the screen.

3. Rotate the scrollwheel to select 48 NM, then press the left button.

4. Select the manual adjustment refer to paragraph 1.18.1.

5. Move the cursor onto the level bar.

6. Rotate the scrollwheel upward to decrease the gain, or downward to increase the gain. The setting range is [0] to [100]. Adjust the gain to around 80.

Place cursor inside window to adjust gain.

How to adjust the GAIN from the control unit (RCU-029)

Rotate the GAIN knob (F3). Rotate anticlockwise to decrease the gain, or clockwise to increase the gain.

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1.19 How to Reduce Sea Clutter

Echoes from waves cover the central part of the display with random signals known as sea clutter. The higher the waves, and the higher the antenna above the water, the further the clutter extends. When sea clutter masks the picture, reduce it with the A/C SEA control, either manually or automatically.

Note 1: When both sea clutter and rain clutter are reduced, the sensitivity is decreased more than when only one is changed. For that reason adjust them carefully.

Note 2: The echo average (see "Echo Averaging" on page 1-28) is useful for reducing reflections from the sea surface. However, high-speed targets are harder to detect than stationary ones when the echo average is active.

1.19.1 How to select the method of clutter adjustment

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when cursor is not shown on the screen.

2. Move the cursor onto the [SEA AUTO] or [SEA MAN] (whichever is shown) at the top of the display.

A/C SEA adjustment method (SEA AUTO or SEA MAN)

SEA MAN

3. Press the left button to display [SEA (A)] or [SEA (M)] as appropriate.

Place arrow inside window to adjust A/C SEA.

1.19.2 How to fine-tune sea clutter reduction

Auto A/C SEA allows for fine tuning of the A/C SEA circuit, within ±20 dB. Accordingly, with the bar reading set to 50, gain is not lowered to minimum as with manual A/C SEA on close-in ranges. Further, the auto A/C SEA level is low because the average value of the original input echo is low in areas where there are no sea surface reflections. For example, when the ship is alongside a quay and the radar picture shows echoes from both land and sea, you can observe the size of the echoes because the STC curve changes with the size of the echoes.

Note: The auto A/C function can erase weak target echoes. Adjust the control carefully, watching the display.

How to fine-tune sea clutter reduction from the control unit (RCU-029)

Rotate the AC/SEA knob (F2). Rotate anticlockwise to decrease the AC/SEA, or clockwise to increase the A/C SEA.

How to fine-tune sea clutter reduction from the on-screen box

1. Select [SEA AUTO], following the procedure in paragraph 1.19.1.

2. Place the arrow on level indicator inside the A/C SEA box at the top of the display.

3. While observing the A/C SEA level indicator, rotate the scrollwheel to increase/ decrease the A/C SEA. The setting range is [-50] to [50].

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1.19.3 How to manually reduce sea clutter

RAIN MAN

Left-click inside the box to change the A/C RAIN adjustment method (RAIN AUTO or RAIN MAN)

The A/C SEA control reduces the amplification of echoes at short ranges (where clutter is the greatest) and progressively increases amplification as the range increases, so amplification will be normal at those ranges where there is no sea clutter.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Sea clutter at screen center

The proper setting of the A/C SEA should be such that the clutter is broken up into small dots, and small targets become distinguishable. If the setting is set too low, targets will be hidden in the clutter, while if the setting is too high, both sea clutter and targets will disappear from the display. In most cases adjust the control until clutter has disappeared to leeward, but a little is still visible windward. Be careful not to remove all sea clutter, because you may erase weak echoes. Further, the possibility of losing weak echoes is greater when you use both A/C SEA and A/C RAIN to reduce clutter.

A/C SEA control adjusted;

sea clutter reduced

How to reduce sea clutter manually from the control unit (RCU-029)

Rotate the AC/SEA knob (F3). Rotate anticlockwise to decrease the AC/SEA, or clockwise to increase the A/C SEA.

How to reduce sea clutter manually from the on-screen box

1. Select [SEA MAN], following the procedure in paragraph 1.19.1.

2. Place the arrow in the A/C SEA level indicator at the top of the display.

3. While observing the A/C SEA level indicator, rotate the scrollwheel downward to increase the A/C SEA or upward to decrease it. The setting range is [0] to [100].

1.20 How to Reduce Rain Clutter

Use the AUTO RAIN and A/C RAIN to reduced rain clutter. AUTO RAIN reduces rain clutter in the picture and A/C RAIN reduces clutter picked up by the antenna.

Note 1: When both sea clutter and rain clutter are reduced, the sensitivity is decreased more than when only one is changed. For that reason adjust them carefully.

1.20.1 How to select the method of rain clutter reduction

Select the [RAIN] indication at the top-right of the screen, then press the left button to toggle [RAIN(A)] (automatic reduction) and [RAIN(M)] (manual reduction).

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Place arrow inside window to adjust A/C RAIN.

A/C RAIN adjustment method (RAIN AUTO or RAIN MAN)

RAIN MAN

1.20.2 How to manually reduce rain clutter

The vertical beam width of the antenna is designed to see surface targets even when the ship is rolling. However, by this design the unit will also detect rain clutter (rain, snow, or hail) in the same manner as normal targets.

The A/C RAIN control adjusts the receiver sensitivity as the A/C SEA control does but rather in a longer time period (longer range). The higher the setting the greater the anti-clutter effect. When echoes from precipitation mask solid targets, adjust the A/C RAIN control to split up these unwanted echoes into a speckled pattern, making recognition of solid targets easier. Be careful remove all rain clutter, because you can erase weak echoes. Further, the possibility of losing weak echoes is greater when you use both A/C RAIN and A/ C SEA to reduce clutter.

How to fine-tune sea clutter reduction from the control unit (RCU-029)

Rotate the AC/RAIN knob (F2). Rotate anticlockwise to decrease the AC/SEA, or clockwise to increase the A/C SEA.

Rain clutter at screen center

A/C RAIN control

adjusted;

rain clutter reduced

How to fine-tune sea clutter reduction from the on-screen box

1. Select the [RAIN] indication at the top-right of the screen, then press the left button to select [RAIN(M)].

2. While observing the A/C RAIN level indicator, rotate the scrollwheel downward to increase the A/C SEA or upward to decrease it. 100 levels (0 to 100) are available.

Note: The detection range is reduced when the RAIN is used to show targets in rain. Generally, the amount of rain, TX pulse length and TX frequency are factors in determining how the detection range is affected. The figure below illustrates this.

How to interpret the graph

Using the graph below as an example, a radar target originally detected on the 8 NM range can only be detected in rain at the ranges shown below:

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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

4 mm/h rain (short pulse)

16 mm/h rain (short pulse)

4 mm/h rain (long pulse)

16 mm/h rain (long pulse)

Original range of first detection (NM)

16 mm/h rain - short pulse 4 mm/h rain - short pulse 16 mm/h rain - long pulse 4 mm/h rain - long pulse

Reduction of rain to first detection due to rain at X-band

The author thanks the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for permission to reproduce Information from its Interantional Standard IEC 62388 ed.1.0 (2007). All such extracts are copyright of IEC, Geneva, Switzerland. All rights reserved. Further information on the IEC is available from www.iec.ch. IEC has no responsibility for the placement and context in which the extracts and contents are reproduced by the author, or is IC in any way responsible for the other content or accuracy therein.

Reduction of Range of First Detection (NM)

Accordingly, the short pulse may be preferable in rain on ranges less than 10 NM.

1.21 Interference Rejector

Mutual radar interference can occur in the vicinity of another shipborne radar operating in the same frequency band. It is seen on the screen as a number of bright spikes either in irregular patterns or in the form of usually curved spoke-like dotted lines extending from the center to the edge of the picture. Activating the interference rejector circuit can reduce this type of interference. The interference rejector is a kind of signal correlation circuit. It compares the received signals over successive transmissions and reduces randomly occurring signals. There are three levels of interference rejection depending on the number of transmissions that are correlated.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ECHO], then press the left button.

3. Select [CUSTOMIZE ECHO], then press the left button.

4. Select [INT REJECT], then press the left button.

5. Select the rejection level from [1], [2], [3] or [OFF], then press the left button. Level [3] provides the highest level of rejection.

6. Close the menu.

[CUSTOM ECHO MENU 1/2]

1. BACK

2. INT REJECT OFF/1/2/3

3. ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3

4. ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3

5. ACE OFF/ON

6. TARGET ANALYZER OFF/ON

7. HATCHING OFF/ON

8. NOISE REJECT OFF/ON

9. [PULSE]

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.22 Echo Stretch

The echo stretch feature enlarges targets in the range and bearing directions to make them easier to see, and it is available on any range. There are three types of echo stretch, 1, 2 and 3, and the higher the number the greater the amount of stretch.

Note: The echo stretch magnifies not only small target pips but also returns (clutter) from sea surface, rain and radar interference. For this reason, make sure these types of interference have been sufficiently reduced before activating the echo stretch.

To set echo stretch, select the [ES] box at the left side of the screen, then press the left button to cycle through the settings.

The cyclic order is [OFF] o [1] o [2] o [3] o [OFF]...

1.23 Echo Averaging

The echo averaging feature effectively reduces sea clutter. Echoes received from stable targets such as ships appear on the screen at almost the same position every rotation of the antenna. On the other hand, unstable echoes such as sea clutter appear at random positions.

RING 0.5 HEAD UP RM

PULSE M CUSTOM 1 EAV OFF ES 1

To distinguish real target echoes from sea clutter, echoes are averaged over successive picture frames. If an echo is solid and stable over successive frames, it is presented in its normal intensity. Sea clutter is averaged over successive scans and its brilliance reduced, making it easier to discriminate real targets from sea clutter.

Echo averaging uses scan-to-scan signal correlation technique based on the true motion over the ground of each target. Thus, small stationary targets such as buoys will be shown while reducing random echoes such as sea clutter. True echo averaging is not however effective for picking up small targets running at high speeds over the ground.

Note 1: With echo average active it is harder to detect high-speed targets than stationary ones.

Note 2: Do not use the echo averaging function under heavy pitching and rolling; loss of targets can result.

Note 3: Echo averaging requires heading, position and speed data.

Before using the echo averaging function, reduce sea clutter with the A/C SEA control. Leave a little sea clutter on the screen so as not to erase weak targets. Then, do as follows:

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when the cursor is not shown.

1-28

2. Move the cursor onto the EAV box, then press the left button several times to select the desired level of echo averaging.

• [OFF]

• [1], [2]

• [3]

: Echo averaging is not enabled : Detects targets hidden in sea clutter. [2] is more effective than [1] in detecting targets hidden in strong sea clutter. However, [1] is more effective than [2] in displaying high-speed targets. Select the setting best suited to current conditions. For effective monitoring of high-speed craft, you should use [2] together with Wiper. : Stably displays unstable targets; distinguishes high-speed craft from sea clutter.

Page 43

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

ACE not activated ACE activated

Place arrow inside window to adjust ACE.

SEA MAN

GAIN

RAIN MAN

TUNE MAN

SEA MAN

GAIN ACE

RAIN MAN

TUNE MAN

1.24 Automatic Clutter Elimination (ACE) Function

This radar has the Automatic Clutter Elimination (ACE) function. This function detects sea and rain clutter from received echoes’ range and bearing trend and automatically reduces sea and rain clutter according to the ACE threshold setting.

Note: Use this function with caution. Weak target echoes may disappear from the screen.

1.24.1 How to turn the ACE function on/off

Select the [ACE] box at the top left of the operational display area, then press the left button to switch the [ACE] function [ON] or [OFF].

When [ACE] is activated, the [SEA] box and [RAIN] box are gray colored and cannot be adjusted. The [GAIN] box changes to [GAIN ACE], as shown in the figure below.

Note: When [SART] (see section 2.3) is [ON], [ACE] is disabled and cannot be activated.

1.24.2 How to adjust the gain in ACE mode

Rotate the F3 knob to adjust the sensitivity. (For default function key settings only.)

ACE can also be adjusted by placing the cursor inside the [GAIN ACE] level, then rotating the scrollwheel.

1.24.3 How to get high sensitivity

When Automatic Clutter Elimination (ACE) function is [ON], the high sensitivity mode operates while pressing the function key. Refer to paragraph 1.13.3 to set the function key. You can select the level for the high sensitivity mode as follows:

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ECHO], then press the left button.

3. Select [NEXT], then press the left button.

4. Select [ACE], then press the left button.

5. Select [SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT], then press the left button.

6. Rotate the scrollwheel to select a level for high sensitivity among 1, 2 or 3, then press the left button.

7. Close the menu.

[ACE]

1. BACK

2. SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT 1/2/3

3. SUPPRESS SECTOR START : 000 ANGLE : 000

1-29

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.24.4 How to suppress false echoes

The echo signals can appear on the screen at positions where there is no target or disappear when there are targets (see section 2.2). You can suppress the false echoes.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ECHO], then press the left button.

3. Select [NEXT], then press the left button.

4. Select [ACE], then press the left button.

5. Select [SUPPRESS SECTOR], then press the left button.

6. Rotate the scrollwheel to select the sector start angle and range, then press the left button.

7. Close the menu.

1.25 Noise Rejector

White noise can show itself on the screen as random “speckles” spread over the entire radar image. This equipment reduces the white noise, then improves the on-screen S/ N ratio by processing the weighted moving average filter for the received echoes in the range direction.

Note: Use this function with caution. Weak target echoes may disappear from the screen or the range resolution may worsen.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ECHO], then press the left button.

3. Select [CUSTOMIZE ECHO] then press the left button.

4. Select [NOISE REJECT], then press the left button.

5. Select [ON], then press the left button.

6. Close the menu.

1.26 Wiper

The wiper feature automatically reduces the brilliance of weak signals (noise, sea clutter, rain clutter, etc.) and unwanted signals such as radar interference to clear the picture of unwanted echoes. Its effect depends on the wiper setting used and whether each averaging is turned on or off, as described below.

1-30

Wiper setting 1 Wiper setting 2

Echo averaging OFF Condition A Condition A Echo averaging ON(1/2/3) (ACE set ‘ON’) Condition A Condition B

Condition A: The brilliance of unwanted weak echoes, such as noise, sea clutter and rain clutter, is reduced to clear up the picture. The difference between wiper setting [1] and [2] is that brilliance is lowered more slowly in [2].

Condition B: Echo averaging is automatically activated when the wiper feature is turned on, allowing you to instantly see how the picture is affected with echo averaging turned off and turned on.

Page 45

Note: When the [TRUE VIEW] is set to [ON] of the [ECHO 2/2] menu, this feature is

[ECHO 1/2]

1. BACK

2. [CUSTOMIZE ECHO]

3. TUNE INITIALIZE

4. [TRAIL]

5. 2ND ECHO REJ OFF/ON

6. SART OFF/ON

7. WIPER OFF/1/2

8. ZOOM OFF/2TIMES/3TIMES

9. ZOOM DISPLAY STAB GND/STAB HDG/ STAB NORTH

not used.

To activate the wiper feature, do the following:

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ECHO], then press the left button.

3. Select [WIPER], then press the left button.

4. Rotate the scrollwheel to cycle through and select the desired setting. The options, in order, are: OFF o 1 o 2 o OFF... With the desired setting selected, press the left but- ton.

5. Close the menu.

1.27 Zoom

The zoom function enlarges an area of interest as large as twice the normal viewing size, in the [INFORMATION BOX]. Zoom can be selected using the control unit or from a preset function key (see section 1.13 for how to assign functions to the function keys).

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.27.1 How to use the zoom functions

To enable/disable the zoom magnification, select the appropriate zoom setting ([2TIMES]: Enables magnification at 2u, or [3TIMES]: Enables magnification at 3u) from the [ZOOM] option in the [INFORMATION BOX] menu. (See section 1.9.)

Note: Zoom is not available when the [TRUE VIEW] setting for [ECHO 2/2] is [ON].

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key, if the cursor is not shown.

2. Rotate the scrollwheel to select [ZOOM SET], then press the left button.

3. Move the cursor inside the operational display area, then press the left button. The cursor is now displayed with a zoom box.

4. Move the cursor and zoom box at the location you wish to zoom, then press the left button.

5. Press the right button to complete the procedure. The selected area is displayed on the right-side of the screen and the cursor returns to normal shape.

Zoom box is placed at the location to be zoomed and the cursor returns to its normal shape.

Cursor with zoom box

To disable the zoom function, repeat steps 1 to 3. At step 3, the zoom box is removed from the cursor.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.27.2 Select zoom expansion

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ECHO], then press the left button.

3. Select [ZOOM], then press the left button.

4. Select [2TIMES] or [3TIMES], then press the left button.

5. Select [ZOOM DISPLAY], then press the left button.

6. Select the method to expand, then press the left button. [STAB GND]: stab ground expansion [STAB HDG]: stab relative heading expansion [STAB NORTH]: stab true bearing expansion

7. Close the menu.

1.28 How to Off-Center the Display

Own ship position, or sweep origin, can be displaced to expand the view field without switching to a larger range scale. The sweep origin can be off-centered to the cursor position, but not more than 75% of the range in use; if the cursor is set beyond 75% of the range scale, the sweep origin will be off-centered to the point of 75% of the limit.

Cursor

and do appropriate off-center procedure.

This feature is not available on the 96 nm range or in the true motion mode.

If the conning position is outside the effective radar display, some parts of the bearing scale are not shown. For details, see.

Cursor

Off-centered displayPut cursor where desired

How to off-center the display from the control unit

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when the cursor is not shown.

2. Move the cursor at the position where you wish to move the sweep origin.

3. Press the OFF CENTER key. The sweep origin is now off-centered at the cursor position.

4. To cancel off-centering, press the OFF CENTER key again.

How to off-center using cursor function box

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when the cursor is not shown.

2. Rotate the scrollwheel to select [OFFCENTER] from the cursor function box.

1-32

3. Move the cursor onto the location desired.

4. Press the left button. The sweep origin is off-centered.

Page 47

Note: When the conditions shown below are met, off-center cannot be canceled. This is because the radar antenna position is located at a position greater than 75% of the effective radar display.

• Own ship marker is large.

• Short-distance display range.

To cancel the off-center, select a larger range, then cancel the off-center.

1.29 Picture Presets

Every time your navigating environment or task changes, you must adjust the radar, which can be a nuisance in a busy situation. Instead of changing radar settings case by case, it is possible to assign the function keys to provide optimum settings for oftenencountered situations.

The radar's internal computer offers several picture preset options to be assigned to each function key for your specific navigating requirements. For instance, one of the presets is [ROUGH SEA], and is designed to be used in heavy rain.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Two user-programmable presets are also provided (labeled as [CUSTOM1/2]), so that you can have the radar automatically set to those conditions which are not covered by the provided setup options.

Below are the preset options provided with this radar.

Label Description

CUSTOM1 User-defined custom settings.

CUSTOM2 User-defined custom settings.

CALM SEA Optimum setting for calm sea.

RAIN Optimum setting for normal rain.

ROUGH SEA Optimum setting for rough weather or heavy rain.

NET FLOAT Optimum setting for dim day.

BIRD Optimum setting for detecting birds.

COAST Optimum setting for short range detection using a range scale of 3

NM or less on calm seas.

OCEAN Optimum setting for long range detection, on a range scale of 6 NM

or larger.

BUOY Optimum setting for detecting buoys.

Each picture option defines a combination of several radar settings for achieving optimum setup for a particular navigating situation. These include interference rejector, echo stretch, echo average, noise rejector, automatic anti-sea and anti-rain clutters, video contrast, pulse length and sea and radar conditions.

Changing these features from the [CUSTOMIZE ECHO] menu changes the original function key settings. To restore the original settings for a particular customize option, it is necessary to select the default setting. For this reason, we recommended that you use the user-programmable presets ([CUSTOM1] or [CUSTOM2]) when frequent adjustment of the radar image is necessary.

1-33

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

The default settings for the custom presets are listed in a table on the following page.

Default settings

Picture Name

GAIN MODE MAN

SEA MODE MAN

LEVEL

RAIN

INT REJECT

ECHO STRETCH

ECHO AVERAGE

NOISE REJECT VIDEO CONTRAST TYPE ACE ACE GAIN

PULSE 1.5NM

CONDITION

MODE MAN

LEVEL

3NM

NEAR STC CURVE

STC ANT HEIGHT (m)

CUSTOM1

30 30 20 40 40 0

Set at installation.

NET

FLOAT

MAN

0 1

OFF

2-B

OFF

BIRD

MAN

93LEVEL

COAST

MAN

0 1

OFF

1-B

OFF

M M

CUSTOM2

MAN85MAN90MAN80MAN

AUTO MAN MAN MAN MAN

MAN MAN MAN MAN MAN

ONOFF OFF ON ON OFF 2-B2-B 1-B 1-B 1-B 4-B

OFFOFF OFF OFF OFF OFF

8080 80 80 80 80

OFFOFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFFOFFTARGET ANALYZER

OFFOFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFFOFFHATCHING

CALM SEA

00 0 60 50 0 111121

21 1 OFF OFF 3

211120

SSMSSM

MMMMMM

333333

RAIN

ROUGH

SEA

OCEAN

MAN

0 1

OFF

1-B

OFF

M M

BUOY

MAN

0 1

OFF

2-B

OFF

LOW LEVEL ECHO

0000000

1.29.1 How to select a customized echo

Pressing the left button after moving the cursor on the [CUSTOMIZE ECHO] box at the top left of the screen to cycle through the options and select a customized echo option. The available options, in cyclic order, are: [CUSTOM1] o [CUSTOM2] o [CALM SEA] o [RAIN] o [ROUGH SEA] o [NET FLOAT] o [BIRD] o [COAST] o [OCEAN] o [BUOY].

Note 1: You can invalidate the option which is not required. Refer to paragraph 1.29.5.

Note 2: While the costomize option is editted, the editing icon appears beside the box.

Left click the editioning icon to store the costomized option to internal memory, or select other costomize option, then the editing icon disappears.

HEAD UP RM

Customize echo box

PULSE S

CUSTOM1

EAVOFF

ESOFF

Editing icon

1-34

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1.29.2 How to edit a customized echo

1. Select a customize echo option to edit (see paragraph 1.29.1).

2. Select the [CUSTOMIZE ECHO] box, then press the right button to display the [CUSTOMIZE ECHO] menu.

3. Set the items below referring to the sections shown. The editing icon appears when the settings are changed.

• [INT REJECT] : section 1.21 • [HATCHING] : section 1.36

• [ECHO STRETCH] : section 1.22 • [NOISE REJECT] : section 1.25

• [ECHO AVERAGE] : section 1.23 • [PULSE] : section 1.11

• [TARGET ANALYZER] : section 1.36 • [ACE] : section 1.24

4. Select [NEXT], then press the left button to open the [CUSTOM ECHO MENU 2/2]

5. Select [VIDEO CONTRAST TYPE], then press the left button. The cursor moves to numeral.

6. Select [1], [2], [3] or [4] (Dynamic Range) or [A], [B], [C] (Curve) as appropriate then press the left but- ton. Refer to the description and illustration below.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

[CUSTOM ECHO MENU 2/2]

1. BACK

2. VIDEO CONTRAST TYPE 1/2/3/4 A/B/C

3. [CONDITION]

4. DEFAULT NO/SAVE/USER/FACTORY

CONTRAST

LEVEL

CONTRAST

LEVEL

CONTRAST

LEVEL

B C

CONTRAST

LEVEL

1-4: Control dynamic range. 1 provides the widest dynamic range; 4 is the narrowest dynamic range.

A: Low level echo brilliance is reduced and noise and clutter are also reduced. B: Low and high level echoes are displayed evenly. C: High level echoes' outer edge has gradation to indicate the echo level, with the

higher level echo at the core.

7. Select [CONDITION], then press the left button.

8. Select [NEAR STC CURVE], then press the left button.

9. Select the appropriate setting for the current sea conditions, then press the left button. The available settings are: [2], [2.5], [3], [3.5], [4.2]. A higher setting is recommended for rough weather.

10. Select [STC ANT HEIGHT], then press the left button.

11. Select the radar antenna height (above the waterline), then press the left button.

12. If necessary, select [LOW LEVEL ECHO] to reject low level echoes. The setting range is [0] to [8]. The higher the figure, the stronger the low level echo that is erased.

13. To save custom settings, select [SAVE] from [DEFAULT], then press the left but- ton.

14. Close the menu.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

[CUSTOM SELECT 2/2]

1. BACK

2. CUSTOM1 OFF/ON

3. CUSTOM2 OFF/ON

4. CALM SEA OFF/ON

5. RAIN OFF/ON

6. ROUGH SEA OFF/ON

7. NET FLOAT OFF/ON

8. BIRD OFF/ON

9. COAST OFF/ON

0. NEXT

1.29.3 How to restore a user customized echo to the saved settings

If you get lost in operation while changing the settings for a user customized echo, you can easily restore the settings for that user customized echo saved at paragraph 1.29.2.

1. Select the [CUSTOMIZE ECHO] box, then press the right button to display the [CUSTOMIZE ECHO] menu.

2. Select [NEXT], then press the left button.

3. Select [DEFAULT], then press the left button.

4. Select [USER], then press the left button.

5. Close the menu.

1.29.4 How to restore a user customized echo to the factory default settings

You can restore customized echo options to their factory default (see the table on page 1-34).

1. Select the [CUSTOMIZE ECHO] box, then press the right button to display the

[CUSTOMIZE ECHO] menu.

2. Select [NEXT], then press the left button.

3. Select [DEFAULT], then press the left button.

4. Select [FACTORY], then press the left button.

5. Close the menu.

1.29.5 How to invalidate the unused preset option

You can invalidate the unused picture preset option. The options which setting is [ON] are selectable.

Note: The using option cannot be set [OFF].

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ECHO], then press the left button.

3. Select [NEXT], then press the left button.

4. Select [CUSTOM SELECT], then press the left but-

ton.

5. Select the option desired, then press the left but-

ton.

1-36

6. Select [OFF], then press the left button.

7. Close the menu.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Pulse interval

Actual ranges

Second-trace echo

Measured ranges

1.30 How to Reject Second-trace Echoes

In certain situations, echoes from very distant targets can appear as false echoes (second-trace echoes) on the screen. This occurs when the return echo is received one transmission cycle later, or after the next radar pulse has been transmitted.

This equipment lengthens the pulse repetition period to reject false echoes.

Note: This function decreases the number of echo hits. Use this function carefully so that the possibility of detecting small targets and high-speed craft does not lessen.

To reject second trace echoes, do the following:

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ECHO], then press the left button.

3. Select [2ND ECHO REJ], then press the left button.

4. Select [ON], then press the left button. Select [OFF] to disable rejection.

5. Close the menu.

1.31 How to Measure Range

The range to a target can be measured three ways: with the fixed range rings, with the cursor, or with the VRM.

Use the fixed range rings to get an estimate of the range to a target. The rings are the concentric solid circles on the display. The number of rings is automatically set by the current range scale. The distance between the rings is the range ring interval, and the current interval appears at the upper-left position on the screen. To measure the range to a target with the range rings, count the number of rings between the center of the display and the target. Check the range ring interval and estimate the distance of the echo from the inner edge of the nearest ring.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.31.1 How to show/hide the range rings

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK], then press the

left button.

3. Select [RANGE RING], then press the left button.

4. Rotate the scrollwheel to select [OFF], [STD.] or

[MANUAL] as appropriate, then press the left button. Select prefer number of ring with the scrollwheel when you select the [MANUAL].

5. Close the menu.

[CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK]

1. BACK

2. [CURSOR]

3. [EBL/VRM]

4. [PI LINE]

5. [NET CORSOR]

6. BEARING CURSOR 360°/ 16 POINTS

7. RANGE RING OFF/STD./MANUAL 4

8. [OWN SHIP MARK]

9. [BARGE MARK]

1.31.2 How to measure range with the variable range marker (VRM)

There are two VRMs, No. 1 and No. 2, which appear as dashed rings so that you can distinguish them from the fixed range rings. The two VRMs can be distinguished from each other by the different lengths of their dashes; the dashes on the No. 2 VRM are longer.

000

010

No. 1 VRM

280

270

260

350

340

330

320

310

300

290

250

240

230

220

210

200

190

TTG to VRM

020

030

150

160

170

180

Target

040

050

060

070

080

090

100

110

120

130

140

00:06 VRM1

>0.693NM<

00:24 VRM2

No. 2 VRM

2.550NM

Currently active VRM is

shown enclosed in “>....<”

There are two methods for measuring range with the VRMs, using the VRM key and on-screen menu box operation.

Using the VRM key

1. Press the VRM key to display the VRM boxes. Press the VRM key again to switch

between active VRMs. The currently active VRM marker is displayed as shown in the figure.

2. Rotate the VRM control knob to align the active VRM with the inner edge of the

target, then read the distance at the lower right of the screen. The VRM reads "0.66NM". Each VRM remains at the same geographical distance when you operate the RANGE key or the [RANGE] box. This means that the apparent radius of the VRM ring changes in proportion to the selected range scale.

3. Press and hold the VRM key to erase the selected VRM.

VRM range marker hides as marker indicated condition.

• Both of VRM1 and VRM2 indicated and VRM1 (or 2) is activated: VRM2 (or 1)

• VRM1 (or VRM2) only indicated: VRM1 (or 2)

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Page 53

Using the VRM control box

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key, when the cursor is not shown.

2. Move the cursor onto the VRM box (VRM1 or VRM2), then press the left button.

3. Rotate the scrollwheel to move the cursor onto the inside edge of target, then press the left button and read the distance from own ship location to the target.

4. Move the cursor onto the VRM box, then press and hold the left button to erase the selected VRM. VRM range marker hides as marker indicated condition.

• Both of VRM1 and VRM2 indicated and VRM1 (or 2) is activated: VRM2 (or 1)

• VRM1 (or VRM2) only indicated: VRM1 (or 2)

1.31.3 How to set the VRM unit of measurement

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

VRMs can be displayed in the following units of measurement:

• NM (Nautical Miles)

• SM (Statute Miles)

• KM (Kilometers)

To change the unit of measurement, do the following:

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [CURSOR OWN SHIP MARK], then press the left button.

3. Select [EBL/VRM], then press the left button.

4. Select [VRM1] or [VRM2] as appropriate, then press the left button.

5. Select the unit of measurement, then press the left but- ton.

6. Close the menu.

1.31.4 How to show TTG to VRM

TTG (Time To Go) to a selected VRM can be displayed as follows:

[EBL/VRM]

1. BACK

2. EBL 1 REL/TRUE

3. EBL 2 REL/TRUE

4. VRM 1 NM/km/SM

5. VRM 2 NM/km/SM

6. EBL OFFSET BASE STAB GND/STAB HDG/ STAB NORTH

7. VRM TTG OFF/1/2/1+2

8. VRM OFFSET OFF/LINE EBL

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [CURSOR OWN SHIP MARK], then press the left button.

3. Select [EBL/VRM], then press the left button.

4. Select [VRM TTG], then press the left button.

5. Select [OFF], [1], [2] or [1&2] as appropriate, then press the left button.

• [OFF]:

• [1]:

• [2]:

• [1and2]:

No TTG to VRM displayed. TTG to VRM1 displayed. TTG to VRM2 displayed. TTG to VRM1 and VRM2 displayed.

TTG indication

01:15

VRM1

>3.682NM<

6. Close the menu.

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.32 How to Measure Bearing

The Electronic Bearing Lines (EBLs) are used to take bearings of targets.There are two EBLs, EBL1 and EBL2. Each EBL is a straight dashed line extending out from the own ship position up to the circumference of the radar picture. The two EBLs can be distinguished from each other by the different lengths of their dashes; the dashes on EBL2 are longer.

Each EBL has an EBRL (Electronic Bearing Range Line, indicated as a short line, crossing the EBL at right angles). When VRM is not displayed and only EBL is displayed, the EBRL shows the range from the EBL origin.

When VRMs are displayed with EBLs the VRM overlaps the EBRL. The value for EBRL and VRM is the same and is displayed in the VRM box at the bottom-right of the screen.

1.32.1 Methods to measure bearing

There are two methods for measuring bearing, using the EBL key and on-screen menu box operation.

No. 2 EBL

310

300

290

280

270

260

250

240

230

EBL1

EBL2

340

330

320

220

210

200

> 33.0°T<

299.0

000

010

350

020

Range markers on EBLs

180

160

170

VRM1

VRM2

190

030

040

No. 1 EBL

140

150

>10.2

12.1NM

Target blip

050

060

120

130

070

080

090

100

110

Using the EBL key

1. Press the EBL key to display the EBL boxes. Press the key again to change between EBLs. The currently active EBL appears as shown in the figure below.

>189.5°T<

EBL1

EBL2

159.8°T

Currently active EBL is shown enclosed in “>...<”

2. Rotate the EBL knob until the active EBL bisects the target of interest, and read its bearing at the lower-left corner of the screen.

3. Press and hold the EBL key to erase the active EBL. The inactive EBL indication disappears first. The active EBL indication disappears when EBL key is pressed and held more.

Using the EBL box

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when cursor is not shown on the screen.

2. Move the cursor onto the EBL (1 or 2) box, then press the left button.

3. Rotate the trackball to move the cursor onto the center of target, then read its bearing at the lower-left corner of the screen.

4. Press the right button to erase the active EBL.

1.32.2 True or relative bearing

The EBL readout is affixed by "R" (relative) if it is relative to own ship's heading, "T" (true) if it is referenced to the north. True or relative indication is available regardless of presentation mode.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

2. Select [CURSOR], then press the left button.

3. Select [EBL/VRM], then press the left button.

4. Select [EBL1] or [EBL2] as appropriate, then press the left button.

5. Select the [REL] or [TRUE] as appropriate, then press the left button.

6. Close the menu.

Note: The EBL and its indication change according to gyrocompass changes as follows:

Gyro heading EBL changes

HEAD UP / relative EBL indication and EBL marker are unchanged. HEAD UP / true EBL indication does not change, however the EBL

marker moves accordingly

COURSE UP / relative EBL indication does not change, however the EBL

marker moves accordingly. COURSE UP / true EBL indication and EBL marker are unchanged. NORTH UP / relative EBL indication does not change, however the EBL

marker moves accordingly NORTH UP / true EBL indication and EBL marker are unchanged.

1.33 Collision Assessment by Offset EBL

The origin of the EBL can be placed anywhere with the Trackball to enable measurement of range and bearing between any two targets. This function is also useful for assessment of the potential risk of collision. It is possible to read CPA (Closest Point of Approach) by using a VRM as shown in (a) in the illustration below. If the EBL passes through the sweep origin (own ship) as shown in (b) in the illustration below, the target ship is on a collision course.

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1.33.1 How to assess risk of collision using the offset EBL

There are two methods for assessing risk collision. You can use the control unit or the [CURSOR] menu.

Using the control unit (RCU-029)

Note: The [EBL OFFSET] function must be assigned to a function key (F1, F2 or F3)

for this method. See section 1.13 for how to assign the function keys.

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1. Press the EBL key to display or activate an EBL (EBL1 or EBL2).

2. Place the cursor on a target appearing as threatening (indicated as “A” in the figure above).

3. Press the EBL OFFSET key and the origin of the active EBL shifts to the cursor position. Press the EBL OFFSET key again to anchor the EBL origin.

4. After waiting for a few minutes (at least 3 minutes), rotate the scrollwheel until

the EBL bisects the target at the new position (A target ship's course, which can be true or relative depending on the EBL bearing reference setting.

Note: If relative motion is selected, it is also possible to read CPA by using a VRM as shown in left-hand figure at the top of the next page. If the EBL passes through the sweep origin (own ship) as illustrated in the right-hand figure above, the target ship is on a collision course.

5. To return the EBL origin to the own ship's position, press the EBL OFFSET key.

Using the on-screen box

1. Select the operational display area, then press the right button. The [CURSOR] context menu appears.

). The EBL readout shows the

2. Select [EBL OFFSET], then press the left button.

3. Select the operational display area, then press the left button. The EBL line is attached to the cursor.

4. Place the offset EBL on the target appearing as threatening, then press the left button.

5. After waiting for a few minutes (at least 3 minutes), operate the EBL used in step

4 until it bisects the target at the new position (A

). The EBL readout shows the target ship's course, which can be true or relative depending on the EBL bearing reference setting.

6. To return the EBL origin to the own ship's position, repeat steps 1 and 2, then press the right button.

7. Close the menu.

1.33.2 How to set the origin point reference for EBL OFFSET

The origin point of the offset EBL can be ground stabilized (geographically fixed), north stabilized (true) or referenced to own ship’s heading (relative).

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK], then press the left button.

1-42

3. Select [EBL/VRM], then press the left button.

4. Select [EBL OFFSET BASE], then press the left button.

5. Rotate the scrollwheel to select [STAB GND], [STAB HDG] or [STAB NORTH] as appropriate, then press the left button.

• [STAB GND]:

• [STAB HDG]:

• [STAB NORTH]:

Reference to latitude and longitude. Origin position is always fixed regardless of your ship's movement. Reference to heading. The relationship between origin position and own position is kept always. Reference to North. The origin position changes with North position.

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6. Close the menu.

1.34 How to Measure Range and Bearing Between Two Targets

Range and bearing between two targets can be measured using the EBL and VRM functions.

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How to measure range and bearing

This procedure uses [EBL1] and [VRM1] as an example.

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when cursor is not shown on the screen.

2. Press the EBL key to activate EBL1.

3. Press the EBL OFFSET key to activate EBL offset function.

4. Move the cursor onto the target 1, then press the EBL OFFSET key.

EBL1 moves to the cursor.

5. Rotate the EBL key until the EBL line passes through target 2.

6. Rotate the VRM key until the range marker on the inside edge of target 2.

Read the EBL1 value and VRM1 value at the bottom on the screen.

7. You can repeat the same procedure on target 3 and target 4 of the above example

by using the No. 2 EBL and the No. 2 VRM.

Bearing is shown relative to own ship with suffix "R" or as a true bearing with suffix "T" depending on EBL relative/true settings in the [EBL/VRM] menu.

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How to link EBL and VRM OFFSET

You can link the EBL and VRM offset to show the VRM range ring with one target as the center-point. This may helpful if the range marker on the EBL is difficult to see.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARKS], then press the left button.

3. Select [EBL/VRM], then press the left button.

4. Select [VRM OFFSET], then press the left button.

5. Select [LINK EBL], then press the left button. The offset EBL is now displayed with the linked VRM range ring.

6. Close the menu.

1.35 Target Trails

The trails of the radar echoes of targets can be displayed in the form of synthetic afterglow. Target trails are shown either relative or true and can be sea or ground stabilized. True motion trails require a compass signal, and position and speed data. When the range is changed, trails are continued for targets which were already displayed in the previous range. Newly detected targets have no trail when first detected.

1.35.1 Trail time

Trail time is the interval at which the trail is plotted on-screen. You can change the trail time as follows:

Trail time selecting

Trail length Trail time

Normal Off, 15 sec. 30 sec. 1/3/6/15/30 min., continuous

12 H Off, 30 min. 1/3/6/12 hours, continuous

24 H Off, 1/2/3/6/12/18/24 hours, continuous

48 H Off, 2/4/8/16/24/36/48 hours, continuous

1-44

Using the control unit (RCU-029)

1. Place the cursor on the trail time setting inside the [TRAIL] box at the bottom-right corner of the screen, then press the left button. You can also press the TGT TRAIL key to cycle through and select the desired setting.

Trail menu

Trail time setting

The options, in order, are: [OFF] o [15 sec] o [30 sec] o [1 min] o [3 min] o [6 min] o [15 min] o [30 min] o [CONT] o [OFF]...

TRAIL

1 MIN

Displayed as: “S”, “G” or “R”.

S: Sea stablized, G: Ground stabilized, R: Relative

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Using the on-screen box

1. Place the cursor on the trail time setting inside the TRAIL box, at the bottom-right of the screen.

2. Rotate the scrollwheel to change the trail time. The time is changed in 30 second increments

Note: When using the scrollwheel on the RCU-030 to change the trail time, the time is changed in 30 second increments also.

Note 1: The timer displays the elapsed time of the selected trail. Use caution when using this feature, as the displayed time is not the overall trail time. Also, when the trail timer is displayed, the trail accuracy of other ship’s echoes may be lowered. When the trail time reaches the preset interval, the timer disappears.

Note 2: The [CONT] option sets the trail time plotting as continuous. When the plotting time reaches 29:59, the timer is hidden. The timer reappears when [TRAIL ALL CLEAR] is selected, or when the range is changed.

1.35.2 True or relative trails

You can display echo trails in true or relative motion. Relative trails show relative movements between targets and own ship. True motion trails present true target movements in accordance with their over-the-ground speeds and courses.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Note 1: The [TRAIL MODE] box is shown in yellow under following conditions:

• [TRAIL MODE] is set to [TRUE] and presentation mode is set to [HEAD UP RM].

• [TRAIL MODE] is set to [TRUE] and presentation mode is set to [STERN UP].

The reference for the past position displays for AIS and TT is also switched whenever trail reference is switched.

Note 2: The [TRAIL MODE] box is shown in cyan under the following conditions:

• [TRAIL MODE] is set to [TRUE] and presentation mode is set to [STAB HEAD UP

RM].

• [TRAIL MODE] is set to [TRUE] and presentation mode is set to [COURSE UP RM].

• [TRAIL MODE] is set to [TRUE] and presentation mode is set to [NORTH UP RM].

Relative target trails - Targets move relative to own ship, stationary targets are smeared.

True target trails Stationary targets are not smeared.

1. Select the [TRAIL] box at the bottom-right of the screen, then press the right button. The [TRAIL MENU] appears.

2. Select [TRAIL MODE], then press the left button.

3. Referring to the figure on the right, select the appropriate trail mode, then press the left button.

4. Close the menu.

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[TRAIL MENU 1/2]

1. BACK

2. TRAIL MODE REL/TRUE

3. TRAIL GRAD SINGLE/MULTI

4. TRAIL COLOR GRN/BLU/CYA/MAG/WHT/ YEL

5. TRAIL LEVEL 1/2/3/4

6. OS TRAIL OFF/1/2

7. NARROW TRAIL OFF/1/2

1.35.3 Trail gradation

The trail afterglow can be displayed in a single tone or with gradual shading.

1. Select the [TRAIL] box at the bottom-right corner of the screen, then press the right button to display the [TRAIL MENU].

2. Select [TRAIL GRAD], then press the left button.

3. Select [Single] or [Multi] (Multiple) as appropriate, then press the left button.

4. Close the menu.

1.35.4 Trail color

The trail line color can be selected as below.

Using [NORMAL] of [TRAIL LENGTH]

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when the cursor is not shown.

2. Select the [TRAIL] box at the bottom-right corner of the screen, then press the right button to display the [TRAIL MENU].

3. Select [TRAIL COLOR], then press the left button.

Single

(Monotone shading)

Multiple

(Gradual shading)

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4. Select the appropriate setting, then press the left button.

5. Repeat the step 3 to select other colors.

6. Close the menu.

Using [12H/24H/48H] of [TRAIL LENGTH]

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when the cursor is not shown.

2. Select the [TRAIL] box at the bottom-right corner of the screen, then press the right button to display the [TRAIL MENU].

3. Select [NEXT], then press the left button.

4. Select [LONG TIME TRAIL COL.], then press the left button. The long time trail color changing intervals are following;

• 12H trail length: 1 hour

• 24H trail length: 2 hours

• 48H trail length: 4 hours

When the [COLOR SHIFT] is set [ON] of the [LONG TIME TRAIL COL.] menu, trail line’s color is changed by the setting time interval.

5. Select [LONG TIME TRAIL COL.], then press the left button.

6. Press the left button several times to select the color.

7. Rotate the scrollwheel to select the appropriate setting, then press the left but- ton.

8. Repeat the step 6 and 7 to select other colors.

9. Close the menu.

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1.35.5 Trail level

The level, or intensity, of the afterglow that extends from radar targets can be selected as below.

1. Select the [TRAIL] box at the bottom-right corner of the screen, then press the right button to display the [TRAIL MENU].

2. Select [TRAIL LEVEL], then press the left button.

3. Select the appropriate setting, then press the left button. The higher the number, the greater the intensity of the afterglow.

4. Close the menu.

1.35.6 Narrow trails

Target trails can be painted with thinner lines if desired. This can be useful when there are a lot of targets on the screen and it is hard to distinguish one from another.

1. Select the [TRAIL] box at the bottom-right corner of the screen, then press the right button to display the [TRAIL MENU].

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

2. Select [NARROW TRAIL], then press the left button.

3. Select the appropriate setting from [OFF], [1] or [2], then press the left button. [2] is thinner than [1].

4. Close the menu.

1.35.7 How to hide the trails temporarily

Following the procedure outlined in "Trail time" on page 1-44, set the trail time to [OFF]. The trails are hidden from view, but are continued. To show the trails again, repeat the procedure, setting the trail time to any interval other than [OFF].

1.35.8 How to erase/restart trails

Erase all trails

All trails can be erased (including those in the memory) and restarted to start fresh trails.

To erase trails, select the [TRAIL] box, then press and hold the left button. You can also press and hold TGT TRAIL key to erase trails.

Erase the part of trail

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when the cursor is not shown.

2. Rotate the scrollwheel to select [TRAIL ERASER SELECT].

3. Press the left button to select the eraser size.

4. Erase the trail lines by following operations.

• Erase the partial points: Move the cursor on the trail, then press and hold the

left button. The points inside of the circle are deleted.

• Erase the wide area points: Press and hold the left button and move the cursor

with trackball on the trail. The circle overlapping points are deleted.

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5. Press the right button to finish the operation.

1.35.9 How to prevent sea clutter in true trails

You can prevent the display of sea clutter in true trails about your ship to clear the radar picture. Your ship's trails can also be shown or hidden.

1. Select the [TRAIL] box at the bottom-right corner of the screen, then press the right button to display the [TRAIL MENU].

2. Select [OS TRAIL], then press the left button.

3. Select [OFF], [1] or [2] as appropriate, then press the left button.

Option Show own ship’s trail Prevent sea clutter in true trails

[OFF] No No

[1] Yes Yes [2] No Yes

4. Close the menu.

1.35.10 Select the Trail Length

You can select the trail length. The trail times differ from

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when the cursor is not shown.

2. Move the cursor onto the [TRAL] box, then press the right button to open the [TRAIL MENU 1/2].

3. Select [NEXT], then press the left button.

4. Select [TRAIL LENGTH], then press the left button.

5. Select the tail length desired, then press the left button. You can select trail length among Normal, 12H, 24H or 48H.

Note: When the trail length is changed, current trails are erased and trail box shows [OFF].

6. Close the menu.

1.35.11 How to hide the land trails

You can hide the land trails and clear the radar pictures.

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when the cursor is not shown.

2. Move the cursor onto the [TRAIL] box, then press the right button to open the [TRAIL MENU 1/2].

1-48

3. Select [NEXT], then press the left button.

4. Select [HIDE LAND TRAILS(T)] or [HIDE LAND TRAILS(R)], then press the left button.

5. Select [OFF], [1] or [2] as appropriate, then press the left button.

Option

[OFF] Yes Yes No

[1] No Yes Yes [2] No No Yes

6. Close the menu.

Large target Small target

Still target trail

Moving target trail

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1.35.12 How to hold the trail

Target

Echo trail

Trail color before shift

Trail color after shift

1: FUCHSIA 2: MAROON

3: RED

4: MAGENTA

5: YEL

Fuchsia color displayed up to this point

2: MAROON

3: RED 5: YEL 6: LIME

You can hold the trail while the time specified from setting [TRAIL LENGTH] to [12H/ 24H/48H] on the [TRAIL MENU 2/2] menu. The hold trail indicated with gray color.

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when the cursor is not shown.

2. Move the cursor onto the [TRAIL] box, then press the right button to open the [TRAIL MENU 1/2].

3. Select [NEXT], then press the left button.

4. Select [TRAIL HIDE], then press the left button.

5. Rotate the scrollwheel to select start time and press the left button.

6. Rotate the scrollwheel to select end time and press the left button.

7. Close the menu.

Note: To cancel the setting, set the start/end time to [00:00].

1.35.13 Trail color shift

When there are many trails on the screen, especially when using long trails, it is difficult to distinguish past tracks from current tracks since they are the same color/ With the trail color shift feature, tracks are painted in a different color from the point when color shift is activated. For example, the current track color is 1: FUCHSIA. Then, at the moment the trail color shift is made active, trails from that point will be painted in 2: MAROON.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Note: At the moment the trail color shift is activated, the trail colors in effect after the time set in the TRAIL MODE box are erased. For example, the trail length is 12 HOURS and the time set in the TRAIL MODE box is 05:00. Then, using the illustration above as an example, 6: LIME will not be shown.

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when the cursor is not shown on the screen.

2. Move the cursor onto the [TRAIL] on the trail box, then press right button. [TRAIL MENU 1/2] menu appears.

3. Select [NEXT], then press the left button.

4. Select [LONG TIME TRAIL COLOR], then press the left button.

5. Select [COLOR SHIFT], then press the left button.

6. Select [ON], then press the left button.

7. Close the menu.

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No echo adjustment (Target analyzer off, EAV off, hatching off) Rain, moving targets and surface reflections are all displayed with no filtering.

Minimal echo adjustment (Target analyzer on, EAV off, hatching off) Echoes are colored, surface reflections are filtered, rain is displayed.

1.36 Target Analyzer

The target analyzer function analyzes echoes and assists the operator to determine dangerous targets. This function is particularly useful under heavy rain/snow or where there is surface reflection, which can cause interference and noise.

The target analyzer function can also place hatching over heavy rain areas, reducing the visible interference and allowing a clearer view of potential targets.

Echoes are displayed in five different colors to assist the operator in identifying targets. The colors and their respective echoes change depending on the echo color selected from the [BRILL] menu (see section 1.23) are shown in the table below.

Echo

YEL GRN WHT AMB M-GRN M-CYA

Selected echo color

Surface reflection Green Green Green Green Green Green Rain Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Moving target Red Red Red Red Pink Pink Approaching target Pink Pink Pink Pink White White Other echoes Yellow Green White Amber Red to green Red to cyan

The following example figures show the manner in which this function affects displayed echoes.

Moderate echo adjustment (Target analyzer on, EAV on, hatching off) Echoes are colored, surface reflections and rain are filtered.

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Maximum echo adjustment (Target analyzer on, EAV on, hatching on) Echoes are colored, surface reflections are filtered, rain is displayed in gray colored hatching.

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CAUTION

Note 1: This function works best when the settings for [GAIN], [STC], [RAIN], [NOISE REJECT] and [VIDEO CONTRAST] are properly adjusted (surface reflections are displayed in green and rain is displayed in gray).

Note 2: This function recognizes moving targets as approaching targets. Buoys and other stationary objects are not recognized as approaching targets by this function.

Note 3: The target analyzer function requires a short period of time to analyze echoes and display them on-screen. If your antenna revolves at more than 40 rpm, moving targets may not be displayed correctly. For this reason, caution is advised when using the target analyzer function.

What is “hatching”?

Where echo averaging may hide light rain on the display, the hatching feature, when activated, places a gray “veil” over the areas where rain is detected. This allows the operator to see where the rain is without affecting the quality of the displayed echoes.

1.36.1 How to activate/deactivate the target analyzer

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key, if the cursor is not shown.

2. Select the [CUSTOMIZE ECHO] box, then press the right button.

3. Select [TARGET ANALYZER], then press the left button.

4. Select [OFF] to deactivate the function, or [ON] to activate the function, then press the left button.

5. Select [HATCHING], then press the left button.

6. Select [OFF] to deactivate the function, or [ON] to activate the function, then press the left button.

7. Close the menu.

1.37 Target Alert

The target alert serves to alert the navigator to targets (ships, landmasses, etc.) entering a specific area, with audiovisual alerts.

Note: The [ALR1] and [ALR2] boxes are not displayed when the setting for [AZ/ ALR SELECT] in the [TT/AIS] menu is set to the default setting [AQUISITION ZONE]. To enable this function, set [AZ/ ALR SELECT] in the [TT/AIS] menu to [TARGET ALARM ZONE].

1.37.1 How to set a target alert

CAUTION

The alarm should not be relied upon as the sole means for detecting possible collision situations.

A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN controls should be properly adjusted to be sure the alarm system does not overlook target echoes.

The procedure below shows how to set a target alarm using the figure below as an example.

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Other alert zone examples

Point A

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1. Place the cursor in the [ALR1] or [ALR2] box as appropriate, then press the left button. The cursor jumps into the operational display area and the indication "SET" appears inside the target alarm box selected.

ALR1 selected and highlighted

ALR1 ready to be set

ALR1 SET ALR2

ALR1 WORK ALR2

2. Using the Trackball, move the cursor to Point A, then press the left button.

3. Using the Trackball, move the cursor to Point B, then press the left button. “SET” is replaced with “WORK” in the [ALR1] box indication. The target alert zone’s lines are shown as dashed lines.

Note 1: To create a 360° alert zone, set Point B at the same location as Point A.

Note 2: Two alarm zones can be set simultaneously. The second alarm zone is only

available when the first alert zone is active, however.

Note 3: When the target alarm zone is not within the range in use the indication "UP RNG" appears to the right of the target alarm box. In this case select a range that will display the target alarm zone.

1.37.2 How to mute the target alert

A target in the target alert zone produces both visual (flashing) and audible (beep) alarms. To silence the audio alarm select the appropriate target alert box then press the left button. The target alert box indication shows "ALRu MUTE". This will deactivate the audio alarm but will not stop the flashing of the offending target. You can also stop the alert by deactivating the target alert zone (see section 1.37.3).

To reactivate the audio alert, select the target alert box then press the left button until the target alert box shows "ALRu WORK".

1.37.3 How to deactivate a target alert

Select the target box to be deactivated, then press and hold the left button.

Note: When both [ALR1] and [ALR2] are active, [ALR2] must be deactivated before

[ALR1] can be deactivated. If [ALR1] and [ALR2] are active when you try to deactivate [ALR1], the system releases two audible beeps and shows the message "DELETE ALR2 FIRST".

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1.37.4 How to change target alert attributes

You can select the echo strength level that triggers the alarm, the condition that generates the alarm and the volume of the audio alarm as follows:

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ALERT], then press the left button.

3. Select [ALERT WATCH], then press the left button.

4. Select [ALR1 MODE] or [ALR2 MODE] as appropriate, then press the left button.

5. Select [IN] or [OUT] as appropriate, then press the left button. [IN]: Targets entering the alarm zone trigger the alarm. [OUT]: Targets leaving the alarm zone trigger the alarm.

6. Select [LEVEL], then press the left button.

7. Select the appropriate level of echo strength to trigger the alarm, then press the left button. [1] is the highest strength, [4] is the lowest strength.

8. Press the right button once to return to the [ALERT] menu.

9. Select [ALERT SOUND LEVEL], then press the left button.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

10. Select [OFF], [LOW], [MID] or [HIGH] as appropriate, then press the left button. Note: This setting is applied to all alarms output from this radar system.

11. Close the menu.

1.38 PI (Parallel Index) Lines

PI lines are useful for keeping a constant distance between own ship and a coastline or a partner ship when navigating. Up to six sets of PI lines are available depending on the maximum number of PI lines selected on the menu.

Max. 1 PI line: Six sets of PI lines (PI1 to PI6)

Max. 2, 3 or 6 PI lines: Four sets of PI lines (PI1 to PI4)

You can control the presentation and interval of the PI lines from the [PI Line] box, which is at the lower-left corner of the screen.

1.38.1 How to set the maximum number of lines to display

PI lines

The maximum number of PI lines to display can be selected from [1], [2], [3] or [6] lines as below. The actual number of lines visible can be less depending on line interval.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK], then press the left button.

3. Select [PI LINE], then press the left button.

4. Select [PI LINE NUMBER], then press the left button.

5. Select the appropriate option, then press the left button.

6. Close the menu.

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1.38.2 How to change PI line bearing and interval

1. If not already displayed, show a PI line, referring to paragraph 1.38.1.

2. Place the arrow on the PI line orientation in the [PI Line] box.

PI1ON035.2° R

10.00NM

3. Rotate the scrollwheel to adjust the PI line bearing, between 000.0° to 359.9°. Enter a negative value to move the PI line to the opposite side of the PI line passing through the own ship position.

4. Place the cursor on the PI line interval.

5. Rotate the scrollwheel to change the PI line interval.

PI line orientation

PI line interval

1.38.3 How to change the PI line bearing reference

PI line bearing reference can be relative to own ship’s heading (Relative) or referenced to North (True) as below.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK], then press the left button.

3. Select [PI LINE], then press the left button.

4. Select [PI LINE MODE], then press the left button.

5. Select [REL] or [TRUE] as appropriate, then press the left button.

6. Close the menu.

1.38.4 How to change the PI line orientation

PI lines orientation can be selected from parallel or perpendicular. This function is available when [SET ALL PI LINE] in the [PI LINE] menu is set for other than [1].

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK], then press the left button.

3. Select [PI LINE], then press the left button.

4. Select [PI LINE MODE], then press the left button.

5. Select [HORI.], [VERT.] or [BOTH] as appropriate, then press the left button.

0°0° 0°

Horizontal Vertical Both side

6. Close the menu.

: Base line

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Net cursor (Dimond cursor)

1.38.5 How to reset the PI lines to default (ship’s heading)

You can automatically return PI lines to default orientation (ship’s heading), 0-degrees for parallel orientation, 90-degrees for perpendicular orientation. This is faster than doing it manually.

From the PI line box

Place the cursor inside the PI line box, then press and hold the left button.

From the menu

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK], then press the left button.

3. Select [PI LINE], then press the left button.

4. Select [PI LINE RESET], then press the left button.

5. Close the menu.

1.39 How to Use the Net Cursor (Diamond Cursor)

The net cursor is used to depict your fishing net on the radar display. It is especially useful for bottom trawlers for knowing where the net is located. Enter the dimensions of your net in the menu to show the net in scale on the display.

1.39.1 How to activate the net cursor

To activate the net cursor, do the following procedure.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK], then press the left button.

3. Select [NET CURSOR], then press the left button.

4. Select [NET CURSOR DISPLAY], then press the left button.

5. Select [ON], then press the left button. The net cursor appears on own ship’s mark.

6. Close the menu.

EBL2

Net cursor (Dimond cursor)

[NET CURSOR]

1. BACK

2. NET CURSOR DISPLAY OFF/ON

3. FRONT HALF LENGTH

0.0m

4. REAR HALF LENGTH

0.0m

5. NET WIDTH

0.0m

6. ROTATE STEP 360°/ 32 POINTS

WARP LENGTH

0.0m

1.39.2 How to set the net cursor dimensions and orientation

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK], then press the left button.

3. Select [NET CURSOR], then press the left button.

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㻲㻾㻻㻺㼀㻌㻸㻱㻺㻳㼀㻴

Forward length of netForward length of netForward length of net

㻾㻱㻭㻾㻌㻸㻱㻺㻳㼀㻴

Rear length of netRear length of netRear length of net

4. Select [FRONT HALF LENGTH], then press the left button. Rotate the scrollwheel and press the left but- ton to set the front half length of net (max. 3000 m).

5. Select [REAR HALF LENGTH], then press the left button. Rotate the scrollwheel and press the left but- ton to set the rear half length of net (max. 3000 m).

6. Select [NET WIDTH], then press the left but- ton. Select [360°] or [32 POINTS], then press the left button. The net cursor moves as EBL2 moving. Select [360°] to move with 0.1° step, or select [32 POINTS] to move with 11.25° step.

7. Close the menu.

8. Stab the net cursor on the location of net casting with EBL offset function.

1) Press the EBL OFFSET key.

2) Move the cursor onto the casting point, then press the left button.

9. Rotate the EBL knob to adjust the orientation the net cursor until the cursor is in line with the tide flow direction (or against direction).

1.40 How to Use the Circle Line

Net width

You can use a circle line to measure the distance between two points.

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key to appear the cursor when cursor is not shown.

2. Rotate the scrollwheel to select [SET CIRCLE LINE], then press the left button. A circle appears on the screen, and the circle radius range box appears at the left side of screen.

Cursor Circle radius range box

Circle line

3. Move the cursor onto the start point to set the circle line.

4. Rotate the scrollwheel to adjust the radius range, then move the cursor onto the end point and press the left button.

5. Press the right button to close the menu. To erase the circle line, rotate the scrollwheel to select [SET CURSOR LINE], then press the left button and press the right button further.

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1.41 How to Use Marks

[CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK]

1. BACK

2. [CURSOR]

3. [EBL/VRM]

4. [PI LINE]

5. [NET CURSOR]

6. BEARING CURSOR 360°/ 16 POINTS

7. RANGE RING OFF/STD./MANUAL 4

8. [OWN SHIP MARK]

9. [BARGE MARK]

1.41.1 Heading Line

The heading line is displayed in all display modes and shows your heading. The heading line appears above own ship in the head up mode and head up TB mode. The heading line appears under the own ship position in the stern up mode. In the north up, true motion and course up modes, the heading line moves according to the movement of the vessel.

Erase the heading line temporary

Press and hold the HL OFF key to hide the heading line. The heading line and markers on the radar screen are erased while the key is held.

1.41.2 Stern mark

The stern mark appears opposite to the heading line when the mark is active. To display or erase the stern mark, do the following:

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK], then press the left button.

3. Select [OWN SHIP MARK], then press the left button.

4. Select [STERN MARK], then press the left button.

5. Select [ON] or [OFF], then press the left button.

6. Press the MENU key to close the menu.

1.41.3 North mark

The north mark appears with short broken line inside of measure ring. The north mark moves while the head-up mode is activated.

1.41.4 Cursor bearing scale

The bearing scale is displayed in degrees or 16 compass points.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK], then press the left button.

3. Select [BEARING CURSOR], then press the left button.

4. Select [360°] or [16 POINTS], then press the left button.

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5. Close the menu.

1.41.5 How to set up the own ship symbol

The own ship symbol marks own position on the display. It can be turned on or off and its configuration selected from the [MARK] menu. Two configurations are available: minimized symbol and scaled symbol. The scaled symbol is scaled to indicate the length and beam of the vessel. Ship’s dimensions should be entered at installation to use the scaled ship symbol.

Heading line

Beam line (set as hull beam width)

Minimized symbol

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK], then press the left button.

3. Select [OWN SHIP MARK], then press the left button.

4. Select [OWN SHIP MARK DISPLAY], then press the left button.

5. Select [MIN] or [SCALED] as appropriate, then press the left button.

6. Close the menu.

Note: The own ship mark appears with white circle on the plotter screen. To erase the plotter own ship mark, set [PLOTTER OWN SHIP MARK] to [OFF] of the [OWN SHIP MARK] in [CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK] menu.

1.41.6 Cursor setting

You can set the cursor properties. Do the following procedure.

Antenna position

Heading line

Beam line

Scaled symbol

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK], then press the left button.

3. Select [CURSOR], then press the left button.

4. Select item to change the property, then press the left button. Select a property to change, then press the left but- ton.

• Cursor bearing: sets the bearing relative/true.

• Cursor range: sets the unit of cursor range (NM/km/SM).

• Cursor size: sets the cursor size small/large.

• Cursor color: sets the cursor color among seven colors.

5. Close the menu.

1.41.7 How to set the barge mark

You can mark the locations of barges on the display with icons. Set up barge information as follows:

[CURSOR]

1. BACK

2. CURSOR BEARING REL/TRUE

3. CURSOR RANGE NM/km/SM

4. CURSOR SIZE SMALL/LARGE

5. CURSOR COLOR RED/GRN/BLU/YEL/CYA/ MAG/WHT

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1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

2. Select [CURSOR/OWN SHIP MARK], then press the left button.

3. Select [BARGE MARK], then press the left button.

4. Select [BARGE MARK], then press the left button.

5. Select [ON] to display barge marks, [OFF] to hide barge marks, as appropriate, then press the left but- ton.

6. Select [BARGE SIZE], then press the left button. Use the scrollwheel to enter the [LENGTH] and [WIDTH] of

[BARGE MARK]

1. BACK

2. BARGE MARK OFF/ON

3. BARGE SIZE LENGTH 0ft WIDTH 0ft

4. ARRENGEMENT

0 0 0 0 0

the barge. Rotate the scrollwheel to increase or decrease the value of the highlighted digit.

7. Select [ARRANGEMENT], then push the left button. This item lets you set a single barge or a barge chain. Select one of the five arrangements and rotate the

scrollwheel. Select number of barges (max. 9) to display. As you rotate the scrollwheel the squares light or extinguish and the number of barges selected

appears at the right side.

First row of barge [ARRANGEMENT] is displayed as the left side of the barge icon on-screen.

4 9 9 9 4

Own ship icon

8. Close the menu. The barge mark is now displayed as shown in the figure above.

1.42 How to Adjust Brilliance of On-screen Data

On-screen markers and alphanumeric readout brilliance can be adjusted using the following procedure:

1. Move the cursor onto the [BRILL] box at the bottom-left of the screen, then press the right button. The [BRILL] menu appears.

[BRILL1 MENU 1/3]

1. BACK

2. INITIAL SETTING READ DAY/DUSK/NIGHT NO/YES

3. ECHO COLOR YEL / GRN / WHT AMB/M-GRN/M-CHA

4. CHAR COLOR GRN/WHT1/WHT2/ORG/RED

5. RADAR BACKGROWND COLOR BLK/BLU1/BLU2

6. CONTROL PANEL

7. CHARACTER

8. CURSOR

9. ECHO

[BRILL1 MENU 2/3]

1. BACK

2. TRAIL

3. HEADING LINE

4. RING

5. BEARING CURSOR

6. EBL

7. VRM

8. PI LINE

9. TARGET

[BRILL1 MENU 3/3]

1. BACK

2. L/L GRID

3. MARK

4. CHART

5. DEPTH LINE

0. NEXT

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2. Select the appropriate item to adjust, then press the left button.

Menu item Description

ECHO COLOR Selects echo color. CHARACTOR COLOR Select box, menu and bearing ring colors. RADAR BACKGROUND Adjusts radar background brilliance. CONTROL PANEL Adjusts control panel key brilliance. CHARACTER Adjusts on-screen text brilliance. CURSOR Adjusts cursor brilliance. ECHO Adjusts the echo brilliance. TRAIL Adjusts echo trail brilliance. HEADING LINE Adjusts heading line brilliance. RING Adjusts range ring brilliance. BEARING CURSOR Adjusts bearing cursor brilliance. EBL Adjusts EBL line brilliance. VRM Adjusts VRM line brilliance. PI LINE Adjusts PI line brilliance. TARGET Adjusts target trail symbol brilliance. L/L GRID Adjusts latitude/longitude grid brilliance. MARK Adjusts marks brilliance (all marks). CHART Adjusts chart brilliance. DEPTH LINE Adjusts depth line brilliance.

3. Rotate the scrollwheel to select the appropriate brilliance setting, then press the left button. When the settings should be changed to the default settings, do follows:

1) Select [INITIAL SETTING READ] on the [BRILL 1 menu 1/3], then press the

left button.

2) Select [DAY], [DUSK] or [NIGHT], then press the left button.

3) Select [YES], then press the left button.

4. Close the menu.

Echo color

1. Select the [BRILL] box at the bottom-left of the screen, then press the right button. The [BRILL] menu appears.

2. Select [ECHO COLOR], then press the left button.

3. Select the appropriate color, then press the left button. The available options are listed in the table below.

Color Description/remarks

YEL Yellow echo (default setting) GRN Green echo WHT White echo AMB Amber echo M-GRN Red echo, gradually changes to green color as the echo weakens. M-CYA Red echo, gradually changes to cyan color as the echo weakens.

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1.43 How to Select a Display Mode

• Standard display mode: The operational display area, box functions, data display, etc. are shown in a standard manner.

• Simple display: The display is echo-focused.

Note: The sea-through picture uses the alpha-blend method.

Follow the procedure below to change display modes.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ECHO], then press the left button. The [ECHO] menu appears.

3. Select [NEXT], then press the left button. The [Echo 2/2] menu appears.

4. Select [ECHO AREA], then press the left button.

5. Select the appropriate setting, then press the left button.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

CIRCLE WIDE

• [CIRCLE] mode: The echoes are displayed inside a circle on the screen.

• [WIDE] mode: The echoes are displayed in a square area, but are not displayed in the data display area.

• [ALL] mode: The echoes are displayed across the entire screen.

6. Close the menu.

ALL

1.44 How to Display and Set Up Navigational Data

Wind, depth, ocean current, water temperature, date and time and waypoint data can be displayed on this radar, however appropriate sensors are required.

1.44.1 How to set up the navigational data

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [NAV DATA], then press the left button.

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3. Select [NAV DATA SETTING], then press the left button. The [NAV DATA SETTING] menu appears.

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4. Referring to the table below, select the appropriate menu item, then press the left button.

Menu item Available settings

DEPTH UNIT m, ft, fa, HIRO WIND UNIT kn, m/s WIND STAB RELATIVE, NORTH, TRUE BEARING UNIT TRUE, MAGNETIC TEMPERATURE °C, °F COODINATE LL, FISH GRID, LORAN A, LORAN C, DECCA DATUM WSG84, TOKYO DATE YYYY/MM/DD, YYYY/MMM/DD, MMM/DD/YYYY TIME 12HR, 24HR

5. Referring to the available options listed in the table above, select the appropriate setting, then press the left button.

6. Close the menu.

1.45 How to Set the Local Time

Set the local time by following procedure.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [NAV DATA], then press the left button.

3. Select [LOCAL TIME SETTING], then press the left button.

4. Select [DATE-TIME], then press the left button.

5. Select [UTC] or [LOCAL], then press the left button. If you select [UTC], go to step 7.

6. Select [LOCAL TIME ADJUST], then press the left button. Rotate the scrollwheel to set the time difference from UTC, then press left but- ton.

7. Close the menu.

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1.46 How to Set the Loran/Decca

When using Loran A time offset

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [NAV DATA], then press the left button.

3. Select [NEXT], then press the left button.

4. Select [LORAN/DECCA SETTINGS], then press the left button. There are two pages for [LORAN DECCA SETTING] window. If the second page is appeared, press the MARK SELECT key to go back to the first page.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

5. Select [LORAN A STA. COMB.], then press the left button.

6. Set the station combination refer to the [CH CODE LIST] lower side of the window.

7. Select [TIME OFFSET 1], then press the left button.

8. Rotate the scrollwheel and press the left button to set the time offset value.

9. Select [TIME OFFSET 2], then press the left button.

10. Rotate the scrollwheel and press the left button to set the time offset value.

11. Press the MARK key to go to second page.

12. Select [TIME DIFF. DISP TYPE], then press the left button.

13. Select [LORAN A], then press the left button.

14. Close the menu.

When using Loran C time offset

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

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2. Select [NAV DATA], then press the left button.

3. Select [NEXT], then press the left button.

4. Select [LORAN/DECCA SETTING], then press the left button. There are two pages for [LORAN DECCA SETTING] window. If the second page is appeared, press the MARK SELECT key to go back to the first page.

5. Select [LORAN C STA. COMB.], then press the left button.

6. Set the station combination refer to the [GRI CODE LIST] lower side of the window. Set the main station and reference station channels.

7. Select [TIME OFFSET 1], then press the left button.

8. Rotate the scrollwheel and press the left button to set the time offset value.

9. Select [TIME OFFSET 2], then press the left button.

10. Rotate the scrollwheel and press the left button to set the time offset value.

11. Press the MARK key to go to the second page.

12. Select [TIME DIFF. DISP TYPE], then press the left button.

13. Select [LORAN A], then press the left button.

14. Close the menu.

When using Decca chain offset

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [NAV DATA], then press the left button.

3. Select [NEXT], then press the left button.

4. Select [LORAN/DECCA SETTING], then press the left button. There are two pages for [LORAN DECCA SETTING] window. If the first page is appeared, press the MARK key to go to the second page.

5. Select [DECCA CHAIN], then press the left button.

6. Set the Decca chain refer to the [CH CODE] lower side of the window.

7. Select [OFFSET VALUE 1], then press the left button.

8. Rotate the scrollwheel and press the left button to set the offset value.

9. Select [OFFSET VALUE 2], then press the left button.

10. Rotate the scrollwheel and press the left button to set the offset value.

11. Select [TIME DIFF. DISP TYPE], then press the left button.

12. Select [DECCA], then press the left button.

13. Close the menu.

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1.47 How to Customize Operation

[OPERATION SETTING]

1. BACK

2. WHEEL DRIVE NORMAL/REVERSE

3. KEY BEEP OFF/LOW/MID/HIGH

4. STERN UP RM OFF/ON

5. GUIDANCE OFF/ON

Alert icon

Several operation items can be customized to suit your needs.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [INITIAL SETTING], then press the left button.

3. Select [OPERATION SETTING], then press the left button.

4. Referring to the table below, select the appropriate menu item to customize.

Menu items Description Available settings

WHEEL DRIVE Sets the direction of the wheel drive

(scrollwheel).

KEY BEEP Changes the key beep volume. [OFF], [LOW], [MID],

STERN UP RM HEAD UP RM display is reversed. [ON], [OFF] GUIDANCE Turns operational guidance on/off. [ON], [OFF]

5. Rotate the scrollwheel to select the appropriate setting, then press the left but- ton.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

[NORMAL], [REVERSE]

[HIGH]

6. Close the menu.

1.48 How to Interpret the ALERT message

When an alert condition is found, the applicable alert message appears in the [ALERT] box. A buzzer sounds for alarm and warning alerts. The [ALERT] box is shown as a icon.

Silence the buzzer with the ALERT ACK key or select the [ALERT] box then press the left button. The buzzer and the flashing stop but the alert indication remains on the display until the reason for the alert is removed.

1.48.1 Alert descriptions

Alerts which can appear on this radar are listed in the table. The level of priority, from highest to lowest, is ALARM o WARNING o CAUTION. For detailed information regarding specific alarms and alarm codes, including possible remedies, see "ALERT LIST" on page AP-13.

1.48.2 Acknowledge the alert

Note: All active-unacknowledged warnings are repeated as warnings after 60 sec-

onds (manufacturer’s fixed time period).

When the alerts appear on the screen, acknowledge them following procedure.

• Press the ALARM ACK key.

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• Move the cursor onto the alert icon, then press the left button.

• Select the alert message on the alert list, then press the left button. Refer to paragraph 1.48.3

1.48.3 Alert list

The alert list displays the names of violated alerts, including the time and date violated. Up to 100 alerts are stored in the internal memory. Unacknowledged alerts are displayed first in the list (in red text), in the order in which they appear in the [ALERT] box. Unacknowledged warnings are displayed in the list (in yellow-orange text), in the order in which they appear in the [ALERT] box.

Cautions are displayed in the list (in yellow text), in the order in which they appear in the [ALERT] box.

An unacknowledged alert can be acknowledged from the list by selecting it, the pressing the left button. To erase the data for the number selected, press the left button again. To erase all alert indications, select [REFRESH DATA], then press and hold the left button.

To display the alert list, place the cursor on the [ALERT] icon and press the right but- ton.

lert icons

[ALERT LIST (1/2)]

1 BACK

2 TRIP-------------------------------------

TRIP ALERT

29/SEP/2016 06:56 3 SPEED-------------------------------- 29/SEP/2016 06:50 4 SYSTEM ERROR------------------ HEADLINE 29/SEP/2016 06:15

9 REFRESH DATA

Displayed page/Pages available

Alerts are displayed in the same color as their alert icon.

Alert title and code Alert description Date and time of alert

To change pages, select Next, then press the left button.

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1.48.4 Alert icons and their meanings

Icon Status Visual indication Audible alert

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Active - unacknowledged alarm

Active - silenced alarm

Active - acknowledged alarm

Active - responsibility transferred alarm

Active - unacknowledged warning

Active - silenced warning Yellow-orange, flashing

Active - acknowledged warning Yellow-orange Silent

Red, flashing

Red, flashing Silent

Red Silent

Yellow-orange, flashing

3 short, audible alerts repeated every 7 seconds.

2 short, audible alerts repeated every 60 seconds.

Silent

Active - responsibility transferred warning

Rectified - unacknowledged warning

Caution Yellow Silent

Yellow-orange Silent

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1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

SET A USER PASSWORD. ENTER FOUR DIGITS WITH NUMERAL KEYS, WHEEL/LEFT BUTTON.

SET PASSWORD

PASSWORD:

1.49 Setting Password

1.49.1 How to set or change the password

You can set the password for security. If you forget the password, call your dealer.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [INITIAL SETTING], then press the left button.

3. Select [SET PASSWORD], then press the left button.

4. Select [SET PASSWORD] once more, then press the

left button. The message box appears.

5. Enter the password as four numbers.

6. Enter the password once more to confirm.

The message box appears.

PASSWORD IS DECIDED. THE PASSWORD WILL BE EFFECTIVE FROM NEXT TIME.

CONFIRM

7. Press the left button to close the message box.

8. Press the right button to close the menu.

[SET PASSWORD]

1. BACK

2. SET PASSWORD

3. DISABLE PASSWORD

1.49.2 How to disable the password

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [INITIAL SETTING], then press the left button.

3. Select [SET PASSWORD], then press the left button.

4. Select [DISABLE PASSWORD], then press the left button.

The message box appears.

DEACTIVATE PASSWORD. ARE YOU SURE?

RUN CANCEL

5. Select [RUN], then press the left button.

Select [CANCEL], then press the left button to cancel the password changing.

6. Press the right button to close the menu.

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2. RADAR OBSERVATION

D = 2.2 x ( 9 + 16) = 2.2 x (3 + 4) = 15.4 NM

2.1 General

2.1.1 Minimum and maximum ranges

Minimum range

The minimum range is defined by the shortest distance at which, using a scale of 1.5

or 0.75 nm, a target having an echoing area of 10 m point representing the antenna position.

It is mainly dependent on the pulselength, antenna height, and signal processing such as main bang reduction and digital quantization. It is a good practice to use a shorter range scale as far as it gives favorable definition or clarity of picture.

The IMO Resolution MSC.192(79) requires the minimum range to be less than 40 m, respectively. This series of radars satisfy this requirement.

Maximum range

is still shown separate from the

The maximum detecting range of the radar, Rmax, varies considerably depending on several factors such as the height of the antenna above the waterline, the height of the target above the sea, the size, shape and material of the target, and the atmospheric conditions.

Under normal atmospheric conditions, the maximum range is equal to the radar horizon or a little shorter. The radar horizon is longer than the optical one by about 6% because of the diffraction property of the radar signal. The Rmax is given in the following equation.

D: Radar horizon

Optical horizon

D = 2.2 x ( h1 + h2) where D: radar horizon (nautical miles) h1: antenna height (m) h2: target height (m)

For example, if the height of the antenna above the waterline is 9 meters and the height of the target is 16 meters, the maximum radar range is;

Globe

It should be noted that the detection range is reduced by precipitation (which absorbs the radar signal).

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2. RADAR OBSERVATION

X-band and S-band

In fair weather, the equation on the previous page does not give a significant difference between X- and S-band radars. However, in heavy precipitation condition, an Sband radar would have better detection than an X-band radar.

Radar resolution

There are two important factors in radar resolution (discrimination): bearing resolution and range resolution.

• Range resolution is the ability to display as separate pips the echoes received from two targets that are on the same bearing and close to each other. This is determined by pulselength only. Practically, a 0.08 microsecond pulse offers the discrimination better than 40 m as do so with all FURUNO radars. Test targets for determining the range and bearing resolution are radar reflectors

having an echoing area of 10 m

Separate target echoes

Transmission

pulse

Ovelapping

pulse

Ovelapped target echoes

Targets

TargetsTransmission

• Bearing resolution is the ability of the radar to display as separate pips the echoes received from two targets that are at the same range and close together. It is proportional to the antenna length and reciprocally proportional to the wavelength. The length of the antenna radiator should be selected for a bearing resolution better than

2.5° (IMO Resolution). This condition is normally satisfied with a radiator of 1.2 m (4 ft) or longer in the X-band. The S-band radar requires a radiator of about 12 feet (3.6 m) or longer.

Targets

Horizontal beam width

Separate target echoes

2-2

Targets

Horizontal beam width

Ovelapped target echoes

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2. RADAR OBSERVATION

Bearing accuracy

One of the most important features of the radar is how accurately the bearing of a target can be measured. The accuracy of bearing measurement basically depends on the narrowness of the radar beam. However, the bearing is usually taken relative to the ship’s heading, and thus, proper adjustment of the heading line at installation is an important factor in ensuring bearing accuracy. To minimize error when measuring the bearing of a target, put the target echo at the extreme position on the screen by selecting a suitable range.

Range measurement

Measurement of the range to a target is also a very important function of the radar. Generally, there are two means of measuring range: the fixed range rings and the variable range marker (VRM). The fixed range rings appear on the screen with a predetermined interval and provide a rough estimate of the range to a target. The variable range marker’s diameter is increased or decreased so that the marker touches the inner edge of the target, allowing the operator to obtain more accurate range measurements.

2.2 False Echoes

Occasionally echo signals appear on the screen at positions where there is no target or disappear even if there are targets. They are, however, recognized if you understand the reason why they are displayed. Typical false echoes are shown below.

Multiple echoes

Multiple echoes occur when a transmitted pulse returns from a solid object like a large ship, bridge, or breakwater. A second, a third or more echoes may be observed on the display at double, triple or other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown below. Multiple reflection echoes can be reduced and often removed by decreasing the gain (sensitivity) or properly adjusting the A/C SEA control.

Your ship

True

echo

Target

Multiple

echo

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2. RADAR OBSERVATION

Sidelobe echoes

Every time the radar pulse is transmitted, some radiation escapes on each side of the beam, called “sidelobes”. If a target exists where it can be detected by the side lobes as well as the main lobe, the side echoes may be represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range. Side lobes show usually only on short ranges and from strong targets. They can be reduced through careful reduction of the gain or proper adjustment of the A/C SEA control.

Mainlobe (beam)

True target

Sidelobe

Antenna

Sidelobe

False echoes by sidelobes

Virtual image

A relatively large target close to your ship may be represented at two positions on the screen. One of them is the true echo directly reflected by the target and the other is a false echo which is caused by the mirror effect of a large object on or close to your ship as shown in the figure below. If your ship comes close to a large metal bridge, for example, such a false echo may temporarily be seen on the screen.

Target ship

Route for direct reflection

Your ship

2-4

Mirror image of target ship

Bridge

Route for

indirect reflection

True echo

False

echo

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2. RADAR OBSERVATION

Radar position

Wharf and its echo

Shadow sector occurs because obstruction (like mast) is in path of radar beam.

Shadow sector occurs because wharf is hidden behind ship.

Shadow sectors

Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path of the antenna block the radar beam. If the angle subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees, a non-detecting sector may be produced. Within this sector targets can not be detected.

Wharf and its echo

Large ship

Size of blind sector depends on size of obstruction and range.

2.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)

2.3.1 SART description

A Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) can be triggered by any X-Band (3 cm) radar within a range of approximately 8 nm. Each radar pulse received causes it to transmit a response which is swept repetitively across the complete radar frequency band. When interrogated, it first sweeps rapidly (0.4 Ps) through the band before beginning a relatively slow sweep (7.5 Ps) through the band back to the starting frequency. This process is repeated for a total of twelve complete cycles. At some point in each sweep, the SART frequency will match that of the interrogating radar and be within the pass band of the radar receiver. If the SART is within range, the frequency match during each of the 12 slow sweeps will produce a response on the radar display, thus a line of 12 dots equally spaced by about 0.64 nautical miles will be shown.

When the radar to the SART is reduced to about 1 nm, the radar display my show also the 12 responses generated during the fast sweeps. These additional dot responses, which also are equally spaced by 0.64 nautical miles, will be interspersed with the original line of 12 dots. They will appear slightly weaker and smaller than the original dots.

Screen A: When SART is distant

Echo from SART

Position of SART

24 NM

Your ship position

Radar antenna beamwidth

SART mark length

Screen B: When SART is close

Lines of 12 dots are displayed in concentric arcs.

1.5 NM

Your ship position

Echo from SART

Position of SART

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2. RADAR OBSERVATION

2.3.2 How to show SART marks on the radar display

This radar is equipped with a feature that optimally sets up the radar for SART detection. This feature automatically detunes the radar receiver out of its best tuning condition. This erases or weakens all normal radar echoes, but the SART marks are not erased because the SART response signal scans over all frequencies in the 9 GHz band. When the radar approaches the SART in operation, the SART marks will enlarge to large arcs, blurring a large part of the screen.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [ECHO], then press the left button.

3. Select [SART], then press the left button.

4. Select [ON] to show SART marks on the radar display, then press the left button.

Select [OFF] to hide SART marks. When the SART function is active, the settings listed in the table on the following page are automatically made to radar functions:

Setting Changed to

Range 12 NM Pulselength Long Echo Stretch Off Noise Rejector Off Echo Averaging Off Interference Rejector Off Performance Monitor Off A/C RAIN Off

5. Close the menu.

The indication "SART" appears at the bottom of the alert box, in yellow text, when this feature is active. Be sure to turn this feature off when SART detection is no longer your objective.

2.3.3 General remarks on receiving SARTs

SART range errors

When responses from only the 12 low frequency sweeps are visible (when the SART is at a range greater than about 1 nm), the position at which the first dot is displayed can be as much as 0.64 nm beyond the true position of the SART. When the range closes so that the fast sweep responses are seen also, the first of these will be no more than 150 meters beyond the true position.

Radar bandwidth

This is normally matched to the radar pulselength and is usually switched with the range scale and the associated pulselength. Narrow bandwidths of 3-5 MHz are used with long pulses on long range scales and wide bandwidths of 10-25 MHz with short pulses on short ranges.

A radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will attenuate the SART signal slightly, so it is preferable to use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of the SART.

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Radar sidelobes

Echo description

RACON signalRACON signal

RACON stationRACON station

Echoes on the radar screen

Your ship positionYour ship position

As the SART is approached, sidelobes from the radar antenna can show the SART responses as a series of arcs or concentric rings. These can be removed by the use of the anti-clutter sea control although it can be operationally useful to observe the side lobes as they may be easier to detect in clutter conditions and also they will confirm that the SART is near to own ship.

Note: SART information excerpted from IMO SN/Circ 197 OPERATION OF MARINE RADAR FOR SART DETECTION.

2.4 RACON

A RACON is a radar beacon that emits radar receivable signals in the radar frequency spectrum (X- or S-band). There are several signal formats; in general, the RACON signal appears on the radar screen as a rectangular echo originating at a point just beyond the position of the radar beacon. It has a Morse coded pattern. Note that the position on the radar display is not accurate.

2. RADAR OBSERVATION

2.5 Radar Target Enhancer (RTE)

An RTE is a radar transponder mounted on navigation buoys and masts of small crafts to significantly improve their detection by radar. Unlike a SART or RACON, which are passive, the RTE receives a radar signal, amplifies it and re-transmits it, with the intention of making the target's signal look larger on a radar display.

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2. RADAR OBSERVATION

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3. TARGET TRACKING (TT)

WARNING

CAUTION

3.1 Precautions for Target Tracking Usage

WARNIN

A target does not always mean a land-mass, reef, ships or other surface vessels but can imply returns from sea surface and clutter. As the level of clutter changes with environment, the operator should properly adjust the [A/C SEA], [A/C RAIN] and [GAIN] controls to be sure target echoes are not eliminated from the radar screen.

The plotting accuracy and response of this TT meets IMO standards. Tracking accuracy is affected by the following:

The amount of tracking delay is inversely proportional to the relative speed of the target. Delay is on the order of 15 - 30 seconds for high relative speed; 30 - 60 seconds for low relative speed.

The target tracking and pertinent vector calculation accuracy is influenced by the following:

- Echo intensity

- The range measurement accuracy; characterized by both random and biased measurement errors.

- The angular measurement accuracy; characterized by beam shape, target glint and bias errors.

- Radar transmission pulsewidth

- Gyrocompass heading error

- Speed log error

- Curent and wind (set & drift)

- Course change (own ship and target)

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3. TARGET TRACKING (TT)

3.2 TT Symbols and Attributes

3.2.1 TT symbols

SymbolItem Status Remarks

Automatically acquired target symbols shown.

Initial stage Broken circle around an echo to indicate that

the target is under acquisition and initial stage of tracking, before steady-state tracking.

For manually acquired targets, the width of the line for “steady tracking” TT is thicker than that of the automatically acquired targets.

Acquisition zone

Target selected for data readout

(flashing)

Steady tracking Solid circle with vector indicating steady state

CPA alarm Plotting symbol (red) flashes to indicate the

CPA alarm acknowledge

Lost target A red “X” is crossed through the TT symbol

On target passing through operator-set acquisition zone

On selected target Target data (range, bearing, course, speed,

3.2.2 How to display the TT symbols

Within one minute after acquisition (vector still inreliable).

tracking (within three minutes after acquisition.)

target is predicted to come into CPA or TCPA.

Shown in red, and flashing stops after CPA/TCPA alarm is acknowledged.

to indicate that it is a lost target. Flashing stops after lost target is acknowledged.

Symbol is red and flashing.

CPA, TCPA, BCR, BCT, etc.) displayed in information box.

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [OTHER SHIPS’ INFO.], then press the left button.

3. Select [TT], then press the left button.

4. Select [TT SYMBOL DISPLAY], then press the left button.

5. Rotate the scrollwheel to select [ON], then press the left button. To hide the TT symbols, select [OFF].

6. Close the menu.

3.3 How to Select the TRAIL mode

3.3.1 How to select auto/manual trail mode

Target tracking is available in three modes: [MANUAL 50] (up to 50 targets, selected manually), [MANUAL 25•AUTO 25] (up to 50 targets, 25 selected automatically, 25 selected manually) and [AUTO 50] (up to 50 targets, selected automatically). To select a target tracking mode, do the following:

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

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2. Select the [OTHER SHIPS’ INFO.], then press the left button.

At acquisition

Within 1 min. after acquisition

Within 3 min. after acquisition

Vector

3. Select [TT], then press the left button.

4. Select [TT SELECT], then press the left button.

5. Select the appropriate mode, then press the left button. MANUAL 50/ MANUAL 25•AUTO 25/ AUTO 50 selectable.

6. Close the menu.

3.3.2 How to manually acquire targets

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key if the cursor is not shown.

2. Move the cursor onto the target to acquire, then press the left button. The plotting symbol is drawn by broken lines during the initial acquisition stage. A vector appears in about one minute after acquisition indicating the target's motion trend. If the target is consistently detected for three minutes, the plotting symbol changes to a solid circle. If acquisition fails, the target plotting symbol blinks and disappears shortly.

3. TARGET TRACKING (TT)

Cursor operation

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key if the cursor is not shown.

2. Rotate the scrollwheel to select [TT TARGET DATA & ACK].

3. Move the cursor onto the target to acquire, then press the left button.

4. Press the right button to cancel the cursor operation.

Note 1: For successful acquisition, the target to be acquired should be within 0.1 to 24 nm (or 32 nm, depending on initial setting) from own ship and not obscured by sea or rain clutter.

Note 2: When the capacity for manual acquisition is reached, the message "TT TARGET FULL(MAN)" appears at the screen bottom. Cancel tracking of non-threatening targets if you wish to acquire additional targets manually.

Note 3: When a target being tracked nears another target being tracked, the targets may be “swapped”. When two targets acquired either automatically or manually come close to each other, one of the two may become a Lost Target. Should this happen, manual re-acquisition of the Lost Target may be required after the two have separated.

3.3.3 How to automatically acquire targets

Targets are automatically acquired when the TT mode is set to either [MANUAL 25•AUTO 25] or [AUTO 50] and a target enters the acquisition zone (see section 3.10). The maximum tracking distance (24 NM or 32 NM) is set at installation.

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3. TARGET TRACKING (TT)

Note: When the capacity for acquisition is reached full, the message “TT TGT FULL (AUTO)” appears and further acquisition does not work. To enable the acquisition, cancel some target trails which have no dangerous situation.

3.4 How to Cancel Target Tracking

When the number of tracked targets reaches maximum capacity, the alert box shows [TT TARGET FULL (MAN)] or [TT TARGET FULL (AUTO)], based on the selected TT mode. No new targets can be acquired until a tracked target is lost or tracking is canceled. When this occurs, cancel tracking for non-dangerous targets as required.

3.4.1 How to cancel tracking for individual TT targets

Cursor using

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when cursor is not shown on the screen.

2. Select the operational display area, then press the right button. The [CURSOR] menu appears.

3. Select [TARGET CANCEL], then press the left button.

4. Select the tracked target to cancel, then press the left button.

Cancel key using

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key when cursor is not shown on the screen.

2. Move the cursor onto the tracking target symbol desired to cancel, then press the

CANCEL key.

Note: When the TT list is shown, you can cancel the target tracking from the list.

Move the cursor onto the column of tracking target desired, then press the CANCEL key.

3.4.2 How to cancel tracking for all TT targets

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [OTHER SHIP’S INFO.], then press the left button. The [OTHER SHIP’S INFO. 1/2] menu appears.

3. Select [TT], then press the left button.

4. Select [ALL CANCEL], then press the left button.

5. Select [YES], then press the left button to cancel tracking for all TT targets.

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6. Close the menu.

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3. TARGET TRACKING (TT)

3.5 Display Settings for Target Numbers

The mark shape, mark color and track color can be selected for tracked targets number 1 to 10. The table below shows the default shapes and colors.

No. Mark Color Shape Track color Target name

1Red ż Red 01 2 Yellow

3 Green Green 03

Yellow 02

4Light-blue

5 Purple Purple 05

6 Blue Blue 06

7White White 07

8White

9White White 09

10 White White 10

Light-blue 04

White

Confirm the settings

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key, if the cursor is not shown.

2. Move the cursor onto the symbol desired.

3. Rotate the scrollwheel to select preset number.

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key, if the cursor is not shown.

2. Move the cursor onto the TT symbol desired.

3. Rotate the scrollwheel to show the setting. The preset number is changed from 1 to 10 as wheel rotation. The target vector color is set by the symbol color.

• Symbol color is white: Vector color is light-blue.

• Symbol color is not white: Vector color is white.

How to set the TT symbol

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [OTHER SHIPS’ INFO.], then press the left button.

3. Select [TT], then press the left button.

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3. TARGET TRACKING (TT)

4. Select [TT CUSTOM DISP SETTING], then press the left button. TT CUSTOM SETTINGS window appears.

5. Select the symbol color, then press the left button. The options are red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, white and yellow. The color of TT symbols inside an acquisition zone cannot be changed.

6. Set the other options (symbol shape and track color), with same manner of step 6.

7. Select [TGT NAME], then press the left button. Set the target name within 13 characters refer to paragraph 1.8.3. The target name is indicated at the side of target.

8. Close the menu.

TT CUSTOM SETINGS

PRESET NO.

SMBL COLOR : SMBL SHAPE :

TRK COLOR : TGT NAME :

TURN WHEEL : SELECT PRESS LEFT BUTTON : ENTER PRESS RIGHT BUTTON : CLOSE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8. 9. 0.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 01

How to change the TT symbols

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key, if the cursor is not shown.

2. Move the cursor onto the [BRILL] box at bottom-left on the screen, then press the right button. The color setting menu appears.

3. Select [NEXT], then press the left button.

4. Select [TARGET], then press the left button.

5. Rotate the scrollwheel to adjust brilliance, then press the left button.

6. Close the menu.

How to change the TT symbol size

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [OTHER SHIPS’ INFO.], then press the left button.

3. Select [TARGET NO.], then press the left button.

4. Select [SMALL] or [LARGE], then press the left button. If you select [OFF], no target number displayed.

5. Close the menu.

3.6 How to Display/Hide Target Data

The TT mode provides the full functionality of TT including display of range, bearing, course, speed, CPA and TCPA of all tracked targets.

The target bearing is shown in relative bearing in the HEAD UP mode and true bearing in the COURSE UP, NORTH UP and True Motion modes, with the suffix "R" (Relative) or "T" (True).

The target speed and course are shown as speed over the ground or speed through the water depending on speed source.

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3.6.1 How to display target data

Basic information

Move the cursor onto a desired tracked target and press the left button. The target’s shape changes to a square and the selected TT target’s data box is shown in the data display area.

3. TARGET TRACKING (TT)

NO. TT 03 BRG 050.6 °R RNG 1.196 NM CRS 303.6 °T SPD 13.1 kn CPA 1.699 NM TCPA 05:43

Frame

Target number

㻜㻟

You can display the target data for two targets in one data box and the data for as many as six targets can be displayed.

Indication Description

NO. Target number. Maximum target number: 50. BRG Bearing from own ship to target in relative (R) or True (T) reference. RNG Range from own ship to target. CRS Relative (R) or True (T) Course Over Ground of target. SPD Relative (R) or True (T) Speed Over Ground of target. CPA* Closest Point of Approach of target to own ship. TCPA* Time to CPA of target to own ship.

*: To show the TT target’s position data with the coordinates, set [DATABOX EXT DISPLAY] to [COORDINATE] on the [OTHER SHIPS’ INFO. 2/2] menu.

You can display the target data to move the cursor onto a tracked target when the [TT SYMBOL DISPLAY] to [ON] at [TT] menu on [OTHER SHIPS’ INFO 1/2].

Note 1: You can hide the target data box temporary. Move the cursor onto the target data box, then press the left but-

TARGET NO.: 03 LAT: 34°24.7578’ N LON: 135°16.1181’ E DISTANCE 1.699 NM DIR FM OS: 50.6° R

ton. The target data box is hidden, then a [TGT DATA] icon appears. Move the cursor onto the icon and press the left button to open the target data box again.

Note 2: If you display the target data box while the zoom function is used, the zoom cursor is hidden temporary. The zoom cursor is recovered after the target data box is canceled.

Detail information

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key, when the cursor is not shown.

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3. TARGET TRACKING (TT)

2. Move the cursor onto a desired target and press the right button. The target detail information appears at bottom on the screen.

TT DETAIL INFO TARGET NO. : 03 COURSE : 87.7 °T SOG : 9.8kn TCPA : 1m36s CPA : 1.010NM DISTANCE : 1.042 NM DIR FM OS : 343.1° R POSITION : 34°24.7578’ N, 135°16.1181’ E

PRESS RIGHT BUTTON: CLOSE

3. Press the right button to hide the information.

3.6.2 How to display the target list

The target list provides a comprehensive data display of all TT (and AIS) targets being tracked.

How to display/hide the target list

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [OTHER SHIPS’ INFO], then press the left button.

3. Select [TT LIST], then press the left button. The target list appears inside the information box.

TARGET LIST TARGET NO. DISTANCE DIR FM OS TCPA CPA

[MARK SELECT] : PREVIOUS PAGE [MARK] : NEXT PAGE [TRACK COLOR] : CHANGE COLOR [PRESS RIGHT BOTTON] : CLOSE PRESS LEFT BUTTON : SELECT TARGET [PLOT INTVL] : RECORD START/STOP

4. Press the right button to hide the target list.

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3.7 How to Display the Past Position

The past position display shows time-speed dots that mark the past positions of any tracked targets. To change the target tracking interval, see paragraph 5.1.4.

3.7.1 How to display the past position

3. TARGET TRACKING (TT)

1. Open the [MAIN MENU].

2. Select [TRACK], then press the left button.

3. Select [NEXT], then press the left button.

4. Select [OTHER TRACK SETTING], then press the left button.

5. Select [TT TRACK DISPLAY], then press the left button.

6. Select [ON], then press the left button. To hide the track, select [OFF].

7. Close the menu.

3.7.2 How to change TT track color/line

You can select the color and line type for TT tracks.

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key, when the cursor is not shown.

2. Move the cursor onto a desired target and press the TRACK COLOR key. Track color window appears.

[OTHER TRACK SETTING]

1. BACK

2. AIS TRACK DISPLAY OFF/ON

3. DISPLAY TRACK DISPLAY OFF/ON

4. TT TRACK DISPLAY OFF/ON

5. GPS BUOY TRK DISPLAY OFF/ON

6. OTHER TRK REC INTVL TIME/RANGE TIME REC. : 00m 05s RANGE REC. : 0.10

7. OTHER CURR VCT DISP. OFF/ON

3. Select a color and a line from the menu.

4. Press the right button to close the window.

3.7.3 How to set TT track interval

You can set the TT track interval.

1. Press the CURSOR ON/OFF key, when the cursor is not shown.

2. Move the cursor onto a desired target and press the PLOT INTVL key. The selected target track is halted. The halted track is not recorded.

3. To reset the interval, move the cursor onto the halted target and press the PLOT

INTVL key.

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3. TARGET TRACKING (TT)

3.8 Vector

The vector on a tracked target is a line that represents the target’s speed and course. The tip of vector is the predicted target position after the set vector time has passed. You can predict a possible collision with another target by extending the vector length (time).

Vector time

Vector time is set at [10 min].

To change the vector mode, move the cursor onto the vector reference indication in the VECTOR box, then press the left button. The vector reference cycles through True and Relative with each press the left button.

3.8.1 Types of vectors

True vector

True vector indicates the true movement of own ship and other ship relative to a landmass. Use this mode to identify a distinguish target from a fixed target.

Relative vector

Relative vectors on targets that are not moving over the ground such as land, navigational marks and ships at anchor will represent the reciprocal of own ship's ground track. A target whose vector passes through own ship is on a collision course. (Dotted lines in the figure are for explanation only.)

Predicted target position after 10 min.

Vector

Current target position

Buoy

Own Ship

AIS

True vectors in ground stabilization

(Set and drift)

AIS

True vectors in sea stabilization

Buoy

Own Ship

Buoy

Own Ship

AIS

Relative vectors

Current

Ground stabilization/Water stabilization

The true vector mode display can be ground stabilized or sea stabilized. You can switch between ground stabilization and sea stabilization at [SHIP SPEED] in the [SHIP SPEED SETTING] menu. Select [LOG (BT)] for ground stabilization or [LOG (WT)] for sea stabilization. In the true vector mode, [T] is displayed in the vector mode box.

Sea stabilization is a display method using heading and speed through the water. Ground stabilization uses speed over the ground or current correction. When accuracy is low, current is corrected.

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Furuno FAR-1416, FAR-1426 Operator's Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

IMPORTANT NOTICES

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.1 Control Unit

1.2 How to Turn the Radar On/Off

1.3 How to Start/Stop Transmission

1.4 How to Tune the Receiver

1.4.1 How to select the tuning method

1.4.2 How to initialize tuning

1.4.3 How to tune the receiver manually

1.5 How to Adjust the Brilliance and Color tone

1.5.1 Adjust the brilliance with control panel

1.5.2 Select the brilliance

1.6 Display Indications

1.7 How to Use the Cursor

1.7.1 Cursor information box

1.7.2 How to select the cursor function

1.8 Menu Operations

1.8.1 How to access the main menu

1.8.2 How to operate the menus

1.8.3 How to enter alphanumerics

1.9 How to Use the On-screen Box Menus

1.10 How to Select a Range Scale

1.11 How to Select a Pulselength

1.11.1 How to change the pulselength

1.12 Presentation Modes

1.12.1 How to select a presentation mode

1.12.2 Description of presentation modes

1.13 How to Set Up Function Keys

1.13.1 Set the function operation mode

1.13.2 Operate the function keys

1.13.3 Change the function key setting

1.14 How to Select the Interface for Heading Input

1.15 How to Set Own Ship’s Speed

1.15.1 Automatic speed input (log or GPS navigator)

1.16 How to Set the Navigational Data Box

1.17 How to use MOB Mark

1.18 How to Adjust the Gain

1.18.1 How to select auto/manual gain control

1.18.2 How to adjust the gain manually

1.19 How to Reduce Sea Clutter

1.19.1 How to select the method of clutter adjustment

1.19.2 How to fine-tune sea clutter reduction

1.19.3 How to manually reduce sea clutter

1.20 How to Reduce Rain Clutter

1.20.1 How to select the method of rain clutter reduction

1.20.2 How to manually reduce rain clutter

1.21 Interference Rejector

1.22 Echo Stretch

1.23 Echo Averaging

1.24 Automatic Clutter Elimination (ACE) Function

1.24.1 How to turn the ACE function on/off

1.24.2 How to adjust the gain in ACE mode

1.24.3 How to get high sensitivity

1.24.4 How to suppress false echoes

1.25 Noise Rejector

1.26 Wiper

1.27 Zoom

1.27.1 How to use the zoom functions

1.27.2 Select zoom expansion

1.28 How to Off-Center the Display

1.29 Picture Presets

1.29.1 How to select a customized echo

1.29.2 How to edit a customized echo

1.29.3 How to restore a user customized echo to the saved settings

1.29.4 How to restore a user customized echo to the factory default settings

1.29.5 How to invalidate the unused preset option

1.30 How to Reject Second-trace Echoes

1.31 How to Measure Range

1.31.1 How to show/hide the range rings

1.31.2 How to measure range with the variable range marker (VRM)

1.31.3 How to set the VRM unit of measurement

1.31.4 How to show TTG to VRM