D-Link DI-1162M User Manual

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First Edition (August 2000)

6DI1162M..01

Printed In Taiwan

DI-1 162/DI-1 162M

Remote Access Router

User’s Guide

RECYCLABLE

Limited Warranty

Hardware:

D-Link warrants each of its hardware products to be free from defects in workmanship and materials under normal use and service for a period commencing on the date of purchase from D-Link or its Authorized Reseller and extending for the length of time stipulated by the Authorized Reseller or D-Link Branch Office nearest to the place of purch ase.

This Warranty applies on the condition that the product Registration Card is filled out and returned to a D-Link office within ninety (90) days of purchase. A list of D-Link offices is provided at the back of this manual, together with a copy of the Registration Card.

If the product proves defective within the applicable warranty period, D-Link will provide repair or replacement of the product. D-Link shall have the sole discretion whether to repair or replace, and replacement product may be new or reconditioned. Replacement product shall be of equivalent or better specifications, relative to the defective product, but need not be identical. Any product or part repaired by D-Link pursuant to this warranty shall have a warranty period of not less than 90 days, from date of such repair, irrespective of any earlier expiration of original warranty period. When D-Link provides replacement, then the defective product becomes the property of D-Link.

Warranty service may be obtained by contacting a D-Link office within the applicable warranty period, and requesting a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number. If a Registration Card for the product in question has not been returned to D-Link, then a proof of purchase (such as a copy of the dated purchase invoice) must be provided. If Purchaser's circumstances require special hand ling of warranty correction, then at the time of requesting RMA number, Purchaser may also propose special procedure as may be suitable to the case.

After an RMA number is issued, the defective product must be packaged securely in the original or other suitable shipping package to ensure that it will not be damaged in transit, and the RMA number must be prominently marked on the outside of the package. The package must be mailed or otherwise shipped to D-Link with all costs of mailing/shipping/insurance prepaid. D-Link shall never be responsible for any software, firmware, information, or memory data of Purchaser contained in, stored on, or integrated with any product returned to D-Link pursuant to this warranty.

Any package returned to D-Link without an RMA number will be rejected and shipped back to Purchaser at Purchaser's expense, and D-Link reserves the right in such a case to levy a reasonable handling charge in addition mailing or shipping costs.

Software:

Warranty service for software products may be obtained by contacting a D-Link office within the applicable warranty period. A list of D-Link offices is provided at the back of this manual, together with a copy of the Registration Card. If a Registration Card for the product in question has not been returned to a D-Link office, then a proof of purchase (such as a copy of the dated purchase invoice) must be provided when requesting warranty service. The term "purchase" in this software warranty refers to the purch ase transaction and resulting license to use such software.

D-Link warrants that its software products will perform in substantial conformance with the applicable product documentation provided by D-Link with such software product, for a period of ninety (90) days from the date of purchase from D-Link or its Authorized Reseller. D-Link warrants the magnetic media, on which D-Link provides its software product, against failure during the same warranty period. This warranty applies to purchased software, and to replacement software provided by D-Link pursuant to this warranty, but shall not apply to any update or replacement which may be provided for download via the Internet, or to any update which may otherwise be provided free of charge.

D-Link's sole obligation under this software warranty shall be to replace any defective software product with product which substantially conforms to D-Link's applicable product documentation. Purchaser assumes responsibility for the selection of appropriate application and system/platform software and associated reference materials. D-Link makes no warranty that its software products will work in combination with any hardware, or any application or system/platform software product provided by any third party, excepting only such products as are expressly represented, in D-Link's applicable product documentation as being compatible. D-Link's obligation under this warranty shall be a reasonable effort to provide compatibility, but D-Link shall have no obligation to provide compatibility when there is fault in the third -party hardware or software. D-Link makes no warranty that operation of its software products will be uninterrupted or absolutely error-free, and no warranty that all defects in the software product, within or without the scope of D-Link's applicable product documentation, will be corrected.

D-Link Offices for Registration and Warranty Service

The product's Registration Card, provided at the back of this manual, must be sent to a D-Link office. To obtain an RMA number for warranty service as to a hardware product, or to obtain warranty service as to a software product, contact the D-Link office nearest you. An address/ telephone/fax/e-mail/Web site list of D-Link offices is provided in the back of this manual.

Trademarks

Copyright 2000 D-Link Corporation. Contents subject to change without prior notice. D-Link is a registered trademark of D-Link Corporation/D-Link Systems, Inc. All other trademarks belong to th ei r respective proprietors.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative such as translation, transformation, or adaptation without permission from D-Link Corporation/D-Link Systems Inc., as stipulated by the United States Copyright Act of 1976.

FCC Warning

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable pro t ection against harmful interference when the eq uipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with this user’s guide, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

CE Mark Warning

This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

Warnung!

Dies ist in Produkt der Klasse A. Im Wohnbereich kann dieses Produkt Funkstoerungen verursachen. In diesem Fall kann vom Benutzer verlangt werden , angemessene Massnahmen zu ergreifen.

Precaución!

Este es un producto de Clase A. En un entorno doméstico, puede causar interferencias de radio, en cuyo case, puede requerirse al usuario para que adopte las medidas adecuadas.

Attention!

Ceci est un produit de classe A. Dans un environnement domestique, ce produit pourrait causer des interférences radio, auquel cas l`utilisateur devrait prendre les mesures adéquates.

Attenzione!

Il presente prodotto appartiene alla classe A. Se utilizzato in ambiente domestico il prodotto può causare interferenze radio, nel cui caso è possibile che l`utente debba assumere provvedimenti adeguati.

BSMI Warning

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................................1

Ease of Installation ............................................................................................................................................. 1

Networking Compatibility................................................................................................................................... 1

RODUCT FEATURES

LAN Port............................................................................................................................................................. 1

Multiple WAN Ports............................................................................................................................................1

Expansion Slot/Modules...................................................................................................................................... 1

Dial on Demand.................................................................................................................................................. 2

Full Network Management.................................................................................................................................. 2

Security................................................................................................................................................................ 2

RIP-1/ RIP-2 Routing Protocols ......................................................................................................................... 2

DHCP Support.................................................................................................................................................... 2

Data Compression............................................................................................................................................... 2

Network Address Translation (NAT/NAPT) ........................................................................................................ 2

PPLICATIONS FOR THE

Internet Access....................................................................................................................................................3

Internet Security.................................................................................................................................................. 3

Link Branch Offices.............................................................................................................................................3

Local Routing......................................................................................................................................................3

Telecommuting.................................................................................................................................................... 3

HAT THIS MANUAL DOESN’T COVER

DDITIONAL INSTALLA TION REQUIREMENTS

...............................................................................................................................................1

DI-1162/DI-1162M........................................................................................................... 2

...................................................................................................................3

..........................................................................................................3

INSTALLATION.....................................................................................................................................................4

VERVIEW

THER RESOURCES

ACKING LIST

DENTIFYING EXTERNAL COMPONENTS

ITE INSTALLATION

..............................................................................................................................................................4

.................................................................................................................................................4

..........................................................................................................................................................4

...................................................................................................................5

.................................................................................................................................................7

Rack Mounting....................................................................................................................................................7

NSTALLATION AND INITIAL CONFIGURATION OF THE ROUTER

................................................................................7

Step 1 - Setting up the Console ........................................................................................................................... 8

Step 2 - Connecting the Console to the Router ................................................................................................... 8

Step 3 - Initial Configuration of the Router ........................................................................................................ 8

Step 3a - Configuring the LAN Port.................................................................................................................. 10

Step 3b - Configuring the WAN Ports for Dial-in, Dial-out and Leased Lines.................................................10

Step 4 - Connecting the Router to a LAN.......................................................................................................... 13

Step 5 - Connecting the Router to WAN Devices .............................................................................................. 13

Step 6 – Plugging in All Devices....................................................................................................................... 13

Step 7 - Powering Up the DI-1162/DI-1162M.................................................................................................. 14

CONFIGURATION AND MANAGEMENT......................................................................................................15

ONSOLE PROGRAM MAIN MENU

YSTEM INFORMATION

NTERFACE CONFIGURATION

..........................................................................................................................................16

.........................................................................................................................15

.................................................................................................................................17

LAN ................................................................................................................................................................... 18

WAN..................................................................................................................................................................19

ETWORK CONFIGURATION

..................................................................................................................................22

IP Configuration............................................................................................................................................... 23

IP Static Route ..................................................................................................................................................27

OSPF Configuration .........................................................................................................................................28

Bridge Configuration........................................................................................................................................34

IPX Configuration.............................................................................................................................................36

SNMP A

GENT CONFIGURATION

............................................................................................................................41

SNMP Community Configuration ..................................................................................................................... 42

SNMP Trap Manager........................................................................................................................................42

DVANCED FUNCTIONS

.........................................................................................................................................43

Remote Access Configuration ........................................................................................................................... 44

Script File Configuration.................................................................................................................................. 54

DHCP Configuration........................................................................................................................................ 56

Filter Configuration.......................................................................................................................................... 60

Multiple Home Configuration...........................................................................................................................68

Static ARP......................................................................................................................................................... 70

NAT Configuration............................................................................................................................................ 72

NAPT for Special Aps........................................................................................................................................79

Telnet/Discovery Enable................................................................................................................................... 81

DNS Configuration............................................................................................................................................82

RADIUS Configuration..................................................................................................................................... 83

Multi-Link PPP Configuration.......................................................................................................................... 84

DMIN CONFIGURATION

YSTEM MAINTENANCE

........................................................................................................................................86

System Status ..................................................................................................................................................... 87

Counter..............................................................................................................................................................87

Runtime Tables.................................................................................................................................................. 91

Log and Trace................................................................................................................................................... 96

Diagnostic....................................................................................................................................................... 101

Software Update Menu....................................................................................................................................105

System Restart................................................................................................................................................. 106

Factory Reset .................................................................................................................................................. 107

System Settings Backup/Restore...................................................................................................................... 108

PROM SYSTEM CONFIGURATION..............................................................................................................111

PROM System Menu........................................................................................................................................111

System Configuration Menu............................................................................................................................112

TCP/IP Parameters Configuration Menu ....................................................................................................... 113

System Reset....................................................................................................................................................113

Software Update Menu....................................................................................................................................114

Factory Reset .................................................................................................................................................. 116

Execute Bootload ............................................................................................................................................ 116

USING TELNET ................................................................................................................... .............................. 117

ELNET CONFIGURATION

....................................................................................................................................117

Using Telnet via LAN...................................................................................................................................... 117

Using Telnet via WAN..................................................................................................................................... 117

System Timeout................................................................................................................................................117

USING RADIUS AUTHENTICATION............................................................................................................117

NSTALLING A

ONFIGURING THE

DDING USERS TO THE

RADIUS S

ERVER

.........................................................................................................................118

DI-1162/DI-1162M

RADIUS D

ATABASE

FOR

RADIUS A

UTHENTICATION

...........................................................118

......................................................................................................119

APPENDIX A – CABLES AND CONNECTORS............................................................................................120

RS-232 (EIA-574) for Diagnostic Port............................................................................................................120

RS-232 (EIA-530) Cable for WAN Port .......................................................................................................... 120

RS-449 Cable for WAN Port...........................................................................................................................121

V.35 Cable for WAN Port................................................................................................................................122

APPENDIX B – SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................................................. 123

APPENDIX C - IP CONCEPTS......................................................................................................................... 124

DDRESSES

IP A

....................................................................................................................................................124

IP Network Classes.........................................................................................................................................124

UBNET MASK

....................................................................................................................................................125

APPENDIX D – IP PROTOCOL AND PORT NUMBERS.............................................................................126

ROTOCOL NUMBERS

IP P

ORT NUMBERS

IP P

.....................................................................................................................................126

..............................................................................................................................................126

APPENDIX E – CONFIGURATION FILE......................................................................................................127

ONFIGURATION FILE EXAMPLE

..........................................................................................................................127

INDEX..................................................................................................................................................................129

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Introduction

Congratulations on your purchase of a D-Link DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router. Your new router offers inexpensive yet complete telecommunications and internetworking solutions for your corporate office, school or business. It is ideal for everything from Internet browsing to receiving calls from Remote Dial-in Users. It incorporates the most recent technologies to make fast, secure and stable connections to remote stations via LAN to WAN and vice versa.

Distinguishing features of the DI-1162/DI-1162M include support for a full range of networking protocols such as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), Ethernet, Fast Ethernet as well as various other networking protocols.

Each DI-1162 /DI-1162M router is packed with features that give it the flexibility to provide a complete networking solution for almost any site. The router fulfills the need for Internet access, IP-based intranetworks and LAN to multiple WAN communications.

Ease of Installation

The DI-1162/DI-1162M is a self-contained unit that is quick and easy to install. It is designed to be a standalone unit or it may be mounted on a standard 19-inch networking equipment rack. It uses standard Ethernet wiring to connect (route) a local ar ea network (LAN) to up to 4 separate wide a rea networks (WANs) thr ough dial-up or dedicated, leased lines.

Also included with the router is the DI-1162/DI-1162M Router Configuration Utility, a Windows-based application that makes configuring the router a snap.

Networking Compatibility

The DI-1162/DI-1162M is compatible with remote access products from other companies such as Ascend, Cisco, and 3Com. Furthermore, it supports Microsoft Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT remote access capability.

Product Features

LAN Port

The DI-1162/DI-1162M is equipped with an auto-negotiated 10/100 (Ethernet and Fast Ethernet) RJ-45 jack for connecting the router to the LAN.

Multiple WAN Ports

The DI-1162/DI-1162M has two EIA-530 WAN ports, each of which can be connected to a dial-up (dial in or out) line or a dedicated leased line by multiplexing with a modem or CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/ Data Service Unit) respectively. We recommend connecting only one WAN port to the Internet.

Expansion Slot/Modules

The DI-1162/DI-1162M contains an expansion slot able to house any one of the following slide-in expansion modules:

♦

An RJ-45 10/100 Fast Ethernet port, giving the router another LAN connection.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

♦

Two high-speed serial (async/sync) ports for two additional WAN connections.

♦

A BRI ISDN module (S/T interface only).

These modules allow you to expand the functionality of the DI-1162/DI-1162M to fulfill all your internetworking needs.

Dial on Demand

The Dial-On-Demand feature allows the DI-1162/DI-1162M to automatically place a call to a remote node, via a WAN, whenever there is traffic coming from any workstation on the LAN to that remote site.

Full Network Management

The DI-1162/DI-1162M incorporates SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) agents and a menu-driven Network Management System accessible via an RS-232 (console) or Telnet connection.

Security

The DI-1162/DI-1162M supports PAP (Password Authentication Protocol), CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol), Layer 2 and IP Filtering, and the creation of firewalls.

RIP-1/ RIP-2 Routing Protocols

The DI-1162/DI-1162M supports both RIP-1 and RIP-2 (Routing Information Protocol versions 1 and 2) exchanges with adjacent routers. These exchanges allow the DI-1162/DI-1162M to send and/or receive routing tables to adjacent routers in order to streamline WAN communications.

DHCP Support

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) allows the DI-1162/DI-1162M router to automatically assign IP addresses to computers as they enter the network. This feature frees the network administrator from assigning and managing IP addresses for each individual machine on the LAN.

Data Compression

The DI-1162/DI-1162M incorporates the hardware-based Stac LZS Data Compression for CCP (Compression Control Protocol).

Network Address Translation (NAT/NAPT)

This feature allows multiple users on the LAN to access the Internet (through an Internet Service Provider) concurrently thr ough a single IP address. This is especially useful for corporate offic e environments, where a lar ge number of users need access to the internet, but only a few internet addresses are available.

Applications for the DI-1162/DI-1162M

Some applications for the DI-1162/DI-1162M include:

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Internet Access

The DI-1162/DI-1162M supports the TCP/IP (a.k.a. IP) protocol, which is the protocol language used for the Internet. This router allows everyone connected to the LAN to access the Internet.

Internet Security

The DI-1162/DI-1162M can act as a firewall between your office network and the Internet, and can hide the size of your office network and the host addresses of your office computers from prying Internet users. It can also filter traffic to and from the Internet allowing only certain types of communications to or from certain locations to pass through.

Link Branch Offices

The DI-1162/DI-1162M routes communications through its two (upgradeable to four) WAN ports allowing di rect communications to a branch office via phone lines, the internet or both.

Local Routing

The DI-1162/DI-1162M can route traffic between up to eight local IP networks.

Telecommuting

The DI-1162/DI-1162M allows remote users to dial in and obtain remote access to the LAN. This feature enables users that have workstations with remote access capability, e.g. Windows 95, to dial in using a modem and access the network resources without physically being in the office.

What This Manual Doesn’t Cover

This manual assumes that you are familiar with network management and networking devices, especially routing protocols.

Additional Installation Requirements

In addition to the contents of your package, there are other hardware and software requirements needed before the installation and use of your router. These requirements include:

♦

Ethernet connection(s) to your computer(s) to form a LAN.

♦

A computer equipped with an RS-232 serial port (standard on most PC’s) and serial line communications software (i.e. Microsoft HyperTerminal included with Windows).

♦

At least one modem or CSU/DSU for connecting the WAN port(s) to a telephone line.

♦

At least one Internet IP Address per port on the router.

♦

An Internet Service Provider (ISP).

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Installation

This chapter details installation procedures for the DI-1162/DI-1162M router.

Overview

The DI-1162/DI-1162M can be configured in two ways; through a direct serial connection (a console), or remotely, through the included Route r Configuration Utility, Telnet, etc. Please note that if you wish to remotely configure the router, you must still use a console to initially configure the LAN or WAN port for a remote connection.

In general, the installation procedures are as follows:

1. Physically install the router into an equipment rack or onto a desktop.

2. Configure the ro uter through a console.

3. Power off the router and console.

4. Plug in all cables and connectors (LAN, WAN, etc.).

5. Power on all devices.

Each of the above items is discussed in detail below.

Note: Your LAN does not need to be powered down when making a LAN connection to the router via the RJ-45 port. However, when connecting devices to the WAN or Diagnostic (console) ports please make sure the router and the other devices are

Other Resources

For more information about your DI-1162/DI-1162M please check the following sources:

♦

Quick Installation Guide.

♦

Support disk containing the router.

♦

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) and application notes for this router can be found on the D-Link Web

http://tsd.dlink.com.tw/

site at

Packing List

Before you proceed further, please check all items you received with your DI-1162/DI-1162M Router with this list to make sure the package is complete. The complete package should include:

turned off

RouteView

before making the connection.

, a Windows-based configuration program used to set up and configure

♦

One DI-1162 or DI-1162M Router.

♦

One 100~240V AC power cord (the plug type depends on the region the router is shipped in).

♦

One RS-232 (DB-9 to DB-9) cable for console connection.

♦

One 6 ft. (1.83m) Category 5 UTP cable for LAN connection.

♦

One EIA-530 (DB-25 to DB-25) cable for WAN connection.

♦

Four rubber feet with adhesive backing.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

♦

Rack mount kit including six sc rews and two mounting brackets.

♦

One CD-ROM disc or floppy diskette containing the Windows-based Router Configuration Utility.

♦

This

User’s Guide

If any item is found missing or damaged, please contact your local D-Link Reseller for replacement.

Identifying External Components

The following section illustrates the different components on the router’s front and rear panels. Before using the router it is highly recommended to familiarize yourself with these components to ensure effective use of the device.

♦ LED Indicators

The front panel consists of the LED indicators of the router. The LED indicators are used to facilitate monitoring and troubleshooting. Please refer to the following chart for detailed descriptions of these indicators.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

LED STATUS/ FUNCTION

Power Lights whenever the router is plugged in, turned on, and thus

Diag Lights during the startup Power-On Self-Test (POST) test.

Boot Lights briefly during startup after the PROM program has

Run Should be slowly blinking if the router is functioning properly.

LAN

receiving power.

executed. Indicates a successful boot up.

10/100 This LED is ON for a 100Mbps link, and OFF for a 10Mbps

link.

Link/Act This LED is ON to show a good link to the LAN, and quickly

flashes to show communication activity on the line.

Full/Half This LED is ON for a full-duplex connection, and OFF for

half-duplex.

Col The LED flashes to show transmission collisions on the line.

WANs 1 & 2

Module

Diagnostics RS-232 Serial Port

♦

Ready This LED is ON to show a good modem or CSU/DSU link to

the WAN port.

Act This LED flashes to show communication activity on the line.

Ready This LED is ON to show a good modem or CSU/DSU link to

the WAN module, or a good link to the LAN port module.

Act This LED flashes to show communication activity on the line.

A DB-9 female connector used to connect a console to the router for initial

setup and out-of-band management.

♦ Wan Ports (1 and 2)

Two DB-25 male connectors each of which can be connected to a dial-up (dial in or out) line or a dedicated leased line by multiplexing with a modem or CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/ Data Service Unit), respectively.

♦ Slot for Add-in Module

◊

A single RJ-45 10/100 Ethernet port

◊

Two high-speed ser ial (async/sync) ports

◊

A BRI ISDN module (S/T interface only).

♦ LAN Port

This jack is a full featured RJ-45 10/100 Ethernet/Fast Ethernet port. This feature allows this port

This slot is able to house any one of the following slide-in expansion modules:

to automatically configure itself to match the settings used by the port it is being connected to. If it is connected

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

to another 10/100M auto-negotiation capable port, the two ports will configure themselves to attain the best connection possible.

Fan

♦

Provides ventilation inside the router. Please ensure to leave adequate space at the rear and sides of the

unit for proper ventilation.

♦ Power Socket ♦ Power Switch

Site Installation

The site where you install the DI-1162/DI-1162M Router may greatly affect its performance. Please follow these guidelines for setting up the router.

♦

Install the router on a sturdy, level surface that can support at least 2 kg of weight. Do not place heavy objects on the router.

♦

The power outlet should be within 1.82 meters (6 feet) of the router.

♦

Visually inspect the power adapter cord and see that it is fully secured to the power socket.

♦

Make sure that there is proper heat dissipation from and adequate ventilation around the router. Leave at least 10 cm of space at the side and rear of the router for ventilation.

♦

Install the router in a fairly cool and dry place. See Appendix B for the acceptable temperature and humidity operating r anges.

♦

Install the router in a site free from strong electromagnetic field generators (such as motors), vibration, dust, and direct exposure to sunlight.

♦

When installing the router on a level surface, attach the rubber feet to the bottom of the device. The rubber feet cushion the router, protect the casing from scratches and prevent it from scratching other surfaces.

A standard 100~240V socket for the power cord.

A rocker switch that turns the router off and on.

Rack Mounting

The DI-1162/DI-1162M may stand alone or be mounted on a standard 19-inch equipment rack. Rack mounting produces an orderly installation when you have a number of related network devices. Use the six supplied screws to fasten the supplied mounting brackets to either end of the router, then fasten the router into the rack.

Installation and Initial Configuration of the Router

This section discusses the different connections that can be made to the router when setting it up.

Initially, you will only wish to connect the console to the router in order to configure the other ports. Once that is complete, you will need to turn off the power to the router and plug in the connection cables to the other devices. Next, power on the other devices. When they have finished powering up, power on the router. Each of these steps is described in detail in the sections below. Please skip any setting adjustments that do not apply to your configuration needs.

A Warning about Connecting Cables

It is important that correct cables are used for each connection; otherwise, the router could be damaged.

Before connecting or disconnecting an RS-232 cable between the DI-1162/DI-1162M and the console and modems, please make sure all devices are off to avoid any chance of damage.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Step 1 - Setting up the Console

The initial setup of the DI-1162/DI-1162M requires connecting a console to the 9-pin RS-232 Diagnostic port on the router’s front panel. A serial cable is supplied with the router in order to make this connection. A console can be a terminal, such as a VT-100, or a normal PC running terminal emulation so ftware (such as Microsoft HyperTerminal, included with Windows). The terminal emulation software needs to be configured to the following parameters:

◊

VT100 terminal emulation

◊

9600 baud

◊

No parity, 8 data bits, 1 start bit, 1 stop bit

◊

No flow control

Step 2 - Connecting the Console to the Router

A serial cable is included in the DI-1162/DI-1162M package. To connect this cable, plug its nine-pin connector into the 9-pin RS-232 Diagnostic port on the router’s front panel, then connect the other end to the serial port on the rear of your computer or data terminal.

Please make sure both machines are turned off before making this connection.

After the connection is made, first power on the console. If you are using a PC, run the terminal emulation software at this time. After the PC and the terminal emulation software are up and running, power on the router.

Using the Console

The Console Program is the interface that you will be using to configure your DI-1162/DI-1162M. Several operations that you should be familiar with before you attempt to modify the configuration of your router are listed below:

♦ Moving Forward to Another Menu

arrow keys to position the cursor on the submenu item and press Enter to view the selected submenu.

♦ Moving the Cursor

fields.

♦ Entering Information

type in the appropriate information. The second gives you choices to choose from. In the second case, press the space bar to cycle through the available choices. Upon co nfiguring all field s the submenu, position the cursor on SAVE and press Enter to save, or position the cursor on EXIT to cancel.

Refreshing the Screen

♦

press <Ctrl> + <R> to refresh the contents of the screen.

Within a menu, use Tab and arrow keys to navigate through di fferent information

There are two types of fields that you will need to fill in. The first requires you to

Console screens are notorious for becoming garbled. When this happens, simply

To move forward to a submenu below the current one, use Tab or

Step 3 - Initial Configuration of the Router

After the console is properly connected and both devices are powered on as described in the preceding sections, you should see the router run through the power on self test (POST ). Finally, it will arrive at the logon screen shown below:

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

To log on to the router, use the factory set username and password ‘Admin’ (without the quotes). Please note that the user name and password are case-sensitive.

Upon entering the username and password (using the <Tab> key to jump to the next field), position the cursor on OK and press <Enter>. You will then see the following

Main Menu

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Step 3a - Configuring the LAN Port

Preparing the router for connection to a LAN only requires enabling the LAN port, enabling IP networking ,and assigning the LAN port an IP address. After the LAN port is configured, all other features on the router can be configured remotely through the LAN by using the includ ed Windows-based Router Configuration Utility or Telnet.

To configure the LAN:

1. The LAN port must be enabled in the

♦

Choose

♦

Position the cursor over the State item and press <space bar>. The State will change from

Enable

♦

Position the cursor on the Save option at the bottom of the screen and press <Enter> to save the new

setting.

♦

Choose Exit in the submenus to return to the

2. Enable IP Networking

♦

Choose

♦

Position the cursor on the IP Networking line and press <space bar> to

♦

Position the cursor on the Save option at the bottom of the screen and press <Enter> to save the new setting.

3. Assign an IP address to the LAN port in the

♦

Still in

Configuration!LAN 1

Interface Configuration!LAN 1.

Network Configuration!IP Configuration

Interface Configuration

Main Menu

Network Configuration

submenu from Step 2 above, choose

submenu.

submenu of the

Enable

Main Menu

Disable

IP Stack

♦

Enter a valid IP address for the LAN in the first item. You may also enter a Netmask if you wish. For more

information about IP Addresses and Subnet masks, please refer to “

♦

Position the cursor on the Save option at the bottom of the screen and press <Enter> to save the new

setting.

♦

Choose Exit in the submenus to return to the

The router can now be accessed via the LAN by Telnet, the Windows-based DI-1162/DI-1162M Router Configuration Utility (included with the router) and other SNMP management applications.

If you have any questions regarding the settings you made or other settings in the submenus, please refer to the next chapter, “

At this point, please proceed to the next initial configuration step.

Configuration and Management

Main Menu

.”

Appendix C – IP Concepts

Step 3b - Configuring the WAN Ports for Dial-in, Dial-out and Leased Lines

Please configure LAN port as described above to familiarize yourself with the configuration program (the LAN port must be configured in any case). Some settings that were made configuring the LAN will be repeated below. Please disregard the instructions below if the setting has already been changed.

.”

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Each WAN port can be configured to either receive dial-in calls (act as a Remote Access Server), dial out to other routers (at branch offices or the Internet, for instance), or both (but not at the same time). The WAN ports can also be configured for a leased line (synchronous) connection. Please note however that we recommend only one single WAN connection to the Internet since a second connection will not significantly enhance the performance of the connection.

Enabling a WAN Port

In this section, we will use WAN1 as an example. Other WAN ports however, will follow the same procedures.

1. The WAN port must be enabled in the

♦

Choose

♦

Configure the Protocol setting. This is a very important setting as it determines what type of device can be

Interface Configuration!WAN 1

Interface Configuration

submenu.

connected to the WAN port.

◊ ◊ ◊

◊ ◊

Asynchronous mode used for modems.

SLIP PPP_ASYN CISCO_HDLC

Asynchronous mode used for modems.

Synchronous mode used for CSU/DSU’s or synchronous modems

using a leased line.

PPP_SYN

Synchronous mode used for CSU/DSU’s or synchronous modems using a

leased line.

FRAME_RELAY

A high-speed protocol available from many ISPs for switched lines. The current version of this router only supports IP over frame relay and PVC. OSPF, IPX, and bridge are not supported.

♦

Position the cursor over the State item and press <space bar>. The State will change from

Enable

♦

Other items in this screen also need to be configured such as the Phone Number, Baud Rate, and additional

Disable

Frame Delay Config settings, which appear on a series of screens accessed from the bottom of this window if

FRAME_RELAY

is selected. Please refer to the manual for the device being connected to the WAN port for the proper settings. For more information regarding these settings, please refer to the appropriate section in the “

Configuration and Management”

chapter of this manual.

♦

Position the cursor on the Save option at the bottom of the screen and press <Enter> to save the new

setting.

♦

Choose Exit in the submenus to return to the

Main Menu

2. Enable IP Networking.

♦

Choose

♦

Position the cursor on the IP Networking line and press <space bar> to

♦

Position the cursor on the Save option at the bottom of the screen and press <Enter> to save the new

Network Configuration!IP Configuration

Enable

setting.

3. Assign an IP address to the WAN port in the

♦

Still in

♦

Enter a valid IP address for the WAN in the first item. You may also enter a Netmask if you wish. For more

Network Configuration!IP Configuration

Configuration!WAN 1

information about IP Addresses and Subnet masks, please refer to “

Network Configuration

submenu from Step 2 above, choose

submenu of the

Appendix C – IP Concepts

Main Menu

IP Stack

.”

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

♦

Other items in this screen may also need to be configured such as the State, Routing and Multicast settings.

Please refer to the appropriate section in the “ detailed explanations concerning the nature and use of these items.

♦

Position the cursor on the Save option at the bottom of the screen and press <Enter> to save the new

setting.

Configuration and Management”

chapter of this manual for

♦

Choose Exit in the submenus to return to the

Main Menu

Configuring for Dial-in, Dial-out or Leased Line

At this point, you need to decide if the WAN port will be used for dialing in, dialing out, both or a leased line connection. The settings you make in next few steps depend on how you wish to use the WAN port. Remember, only one WAN port should be setup to connect to the Internet.

4. Configure the Dial settings in the

♦

Choose

♦

Choose

♦

Please refer to the “

Advanced Functions!Dial Configuration

WAN1

Configuration and Management”

Advanced Functions

submenu.

chapter of this manual for more detailed information

regarding the items in this screen.

♦

Position the cursor on the Save option at the bottom of the screen and press <Enter> to save the new setting.

5. Define and configure dial-in users who may access the router and the LAN it is connected to (if applicable).

♦

From the

Profile

Main Menu

choose

Advanced Functions!Remote Access Configuration!Dial-In User

and press <Enter> in the first empty field.

♦

Enter the dial-in user’s Username (this might not be their real name) and Password.

♦

Change the State to

♦

Please refer to the “

Configuration and Management”

Enable

chapter of this manual for more detailed information

regarding the items in this screen.

♦

Position the cursor on the Save option at the bottom of the screen and press <Enter> to save the new setting.

The WAN port is now setup to receive calls from that user. At this point, you may wish to define other users who will dial-in to the router. Please note that User Profiles for dial-in users are valid for any WAN port configured to receive calls.

6. Define a WAN port for dialing out.

♦

From the

Profile

♦

Set the Direction to In,

♦

Enter a Name and Password used to establish Incoming and/or Outgoing connections (if the remote site

Main Menu

choose

Advanced Functions!Remote Access Configuration !Remote Network

and press <Enter> in the first empty field.

Out

, or

Both

uses PAP or CHAP).

♦

Configure the othe r settings shown in this window.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

♦

Change the State to

♦

Please refer to the “ regarding the items in this screen.

♦

Position the cursor on the Save option at the bottom of the screen and press <Enter> to save the new setting.

Configuration and Management”

Enable

chapter of this manual for more detailed information

♦

Choose Exit in the submenus to return to the

7. Define a WAN port for a leased line connection.

♦

There are only three steps that need to be done to configure a WAN port for using a leased line and they have already been done. They are numbers 1, 2 and 3; enabling the WAN port in the

Configuration

Address to the WAN port in the screens in which you have made changes.

Choose LOGOFF from the

Your WAN ports are now configured and should operate normally. Please note that many of the settings configured here depend on the type and capabilities of the device being connected.

At this point in the installation process, you need to turn off the router. Don’t worry. As long as you saved each screen in the configuration process, your settings will have been saved in the EEPROM and will not be lost.

submenu, configuring the Protocol sett ing to a synchronous mode, a nd assigning an IP

Network Configuration

Main Menu

Interface

submenu. Remember to save any submenu

Step 4 - Connecting the Router to a LAN

Your DI-1162/DI-1162M has a single LAN port for connecting to an Ethernet or Fast Ethernet switch or hub.

The jack for the router’s Ethernet port is of the type known as EIA RJ-45. The cabling used should be Category 3, 4 or 5 UTP or ST P depending on the connection speed, fitted with an RJ-45 connector.

The 10/100M auto-negotiation feature allows this port to automatically configure itself to match the settings used by the port it is being connected to. If it is connected to another 10/100 Fast Ethernet capable port, the two ports will configure themselves to attain the best connection possible.

Full duplex mode will only be enabled if this port is connected to a full-duplex capable switched port.

At this point, please connect the router to the LAN.

Step 5 - Connecting the Router to WAN Devices

The DI-1162/DI-1162M has two DB-25 ports corresponding to WANs 1 & 2. These two WAN ports are both synchronous/asynchronous ports, and can connect to a modem or CSU/DSU using a standard serial cable with a DB-25 connector at one end.

Make sure both the WAN device(s) and the router are turned OFF when making these connections.

Step 6 – Plugging in All Devices

Plug the 100 ~ 240V AC/DC power cord into the power jack on the router’s rear panel and into a power strip or grounded wall outlet.

At this point in the installation, you may plug in and power on all other devices. Do not power on the router yet.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Step 7 - Powering Up the DI-1162/DI-1162M

After all the devices are powered up, the DI-1162/DI-1162M can be turned ON. The router will perform a POST (Power-On Self-Test). It is during this POST procedure that the PROM Configuration Menu can be accessed.

The router is now able to use the LAN and WAN ports.

The router must be further configur ed for managing your network. This can now be done by using the console, the included Windows-based Configuration Utility, or Telnet.

For more infor mation about configur ing or managing the router, please refe r to the next chapter, “

and Management

.”

Configuration

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Configuration and Management

After the initial startup (POST) test, the router will prompt you for login and password. This is the opening page of the router’s configuration program, called the Console program. The Console program is stored in the Flash memory chips in the router and the settings are written in EEPROM chips in the router. It is the most basic level for configuring and managing the router and the network to which it is connected.

If you’re starting the router for the first time, the default login and password is “Admin” – the login and password are case-sensitive, alphanumeric characters.

Note that once you are in the automatically log you out. Your first endeavor should be to increase the ‘timeout’ time by adjusting the appropriate value in the

The router can also be co nfigured remotely through a LAN or WAN connection by using the included Router Configuration Utility or Telnet. However, if you wish to do this, the console program must first be used to initially configure the relevant port on the router. Please see manual for more detailed information.

Console Program Main Menu

Main Menu

The

is shown below.

Main Menu

System Information

, if there is no activity for more than 5 minutes, the router will

submenu.

Step 3 - Initial Configuration of the Ro u ter

on page 8 of this

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

As mentioned earlier, your first endeavor should be to increase the automatic timeout. Enter the

Information

System Information

to do this. You will see this screen:

This menu contains administrative and system-related information:

System

The above parameters are described as follows:

System Description –

♦

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

This is a non-changeable, short description of the product.

♦ System Object ID – ♦ System Up Time – ♦ System Contact – ♦ System Name – ♦ System Location –

This is the enterprise-specific MIB Object ID indicating this type of router.

Shows how long the router has been running since the last power off or reset.

Enter the name of the department or individual responsible for maintaining the router.

Give the router a descriptive name for identification purposes.

Enter the physical location of the router.

♦ Console/Telnet Display Timeout in Minutes –

console menu after a given idle time. Enter a timeout time between 0 and 90 minutes. Zero specifies no timeout.

♦ System MAC Address – ♦ External MAC Address –

Interface Configuration

The physical address of this router.

The physical address of the external LAN add-in module, if present.

Under Interface Configuration in the main menu is the following configure the interfaces for the LAN(s) and two WANs:

This is a security measure to automatically logoff from the

Interface Configuration

screen, used to

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

LAN

The parameters are described below:

♦ Description – ♦ Operation Mode –

This is a user-defined, 32-character identifier used to name the LAN.

The LAN port is automatically set to auto-negotiation. When connected to another LAN port, 10/100 Fast Ethernet will configure this port to match the settings of the other LAN port. If the other port also implements 10/100 Fast Ethernet, the two ports will auto-negotiate the best possible settings achievable by both ports.

♦ State –

This is a toggle, to

Disable

the LAN interface.

Enable

WAN

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The parameters are described below:

♦ Description – ♦ Modem Init String –

This is a user-defined, 32-character identifier used to name the WAN.

This parameter is valid only for asynchronous connections. It is a user input AT command string to initialize a modem or ISDN TA attached to the WAN interface. Please refer to your WAN device’s handbook for more information about using initialization command strings.

The default setting is for Hayes-compatible asynchronous modems and is

AT&FS0=1X1

, where: AT– The mandatory first two characters of an AT command string. &F– Initializes the modem to its default settings. S0=1– Sets the modem to auto-answer. X1 – Displays the established connection speed to the dial-in user (e.g. Connection established at 56.6

kps).

Protocol –

♦

This is a protocol used to encapsulate IP messages over synchronous and asynchronous serial links. The device being connected to must be using the same protocol for a connection to succeed. The five protocols are described:

CISCO_HDLC

– This is a serial line encapsulation method for transmitting datagrams over synchronous

serial point-to-point links.

– Serial Line Internet Protocol. A serial line encapsulation method for transmitting datagrams over

SLIP

asynchronous serial point-to-point links. If linking the router to a computer, each end must know the other’s IP address.

PPP_SYN

– This serial line encapsulation provides a method for transmitting datagrams over synchronous serial point-to-point links. Unlike the SLIP protocol, PPP can determine the IP address configuration automatically.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

PPP_ASYN

– This serial line encapsulation provides a method for transmitting datagrams over asynchronous serial point-to-point links. Unlike the SLIP protocol, PPP can determine the IP address configuration automatically.

FRAME_RELAY

– This serial line encapsulation provides a method for high speed transmission of

datagrams over dedicated lines. We currently only support PVC.

♦ Phone Number –

This is only a reference field, used to contain your line’s phone number when using an

asynchronous dial-in modem.

Inbound Authentication

♦

connection. The choices are Password Authentication Protocol [ Authentication Protocol [

– This defines the authorization protocol that will be used when accepting a dial-in

], Challenge Handshake

do not provide a screen for

AUTH_CHAP

] or

None

AUTH_PAP

and

AUTH_CHAP

users to manually enter their Username and Password – instead, this data must be entered into the dialing software before placing the call. Make sure the device dialing in is using the same protocol as defined here. The

setting may be used when you do not wish dial-in users or networks to identify themselves or be

None

subject to security.

Baud Rate –

♦

This parameter must be set to configure the communication speed for asynchronous communication devices (modems). Please refer to the communication device’s handbook to get the proper setting.

Available synchronous communication device speeds are:

1.544M

and

, and 2M baud. Available asynchronous communication device speeds are:

115200.

9600, 19200, 38400, 64K, 128K, 256K, 512K, 1M

9600, 19200, 38400, 57600

For synchronous connections, the router will automatically match the clock speed of the device being connected.

♦ State –

Frame Relay Config . . . –

♦

This is used to

Disable

Enable

this interface.

Highlight this item and hit <Enter> if

FRAME_RELAY

is selected as the Protocol

above and then complete the WAN Frame Relay configuration settings on the screens described below.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

WAN Frame Relay Config

This screen allows you to specify which WAN 1 or WAN 2 Frame Relay is to be configured by highlighting the desired entry below and then hitting <Enter>. Next, enter a Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI) between 16 and 991 and Switch Type on the

it in the State field on the following screen. Additionally, you must choose the appropriate

Enable

WAN Frame Relay Config

screen below to complete the WAN Frame Relay configuration.

The parameter is described below:

♦ Switch Type –

This allows you to choose Local Management Interface (LMI) specification. Currently, we support ANSI T1.617 Annex D and ITU Q.933 Annex A specifications. This switch type must be configured to match your Frame Relay subscription. Once a change has been made, the router must be rebooted.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The parameters are described below:

♦ DLCI(16. .991) – ♦ State –

Network Configuration

This is a toggle, to

This Data Link Connection Identifier is used to match your Frame Relay subscription..

There are three items on the on DI-1162M only):

Disable

the WAN interface.

Enable

Network Configuration

menu: (Bridge Co nfiguration and IPX Configuration ap pear

IP Configuration

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

IP networking and router advertisement are enabled on the

IP Configuration

screen:

The parameters are described below:

♦ IP Networking –

network. When IP Networking is disabled, all routing functions are stopped. The only IP Address the router will act on is it’s own, via Telnet for example.

♦ Router Advertisement –

announce itself on the network. These ICMP packets are utilized by the Windows 98 or later operating system, which will automatically update the default gateway setting on the computer in which it is installed.

The IP Networking function can toggle to connect/disconnect this router from the entire IP

When this option is enabled, the router will periodically send out ICMP packets that

IP Stack Configuration

The network interface IP address, mask and protocols are specified in the IP Stack Configuration submenus. Choose the desired interface from the

IP Stack Configuration

menu below:

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Below, the submenus for both the LAN and WAN interfaces are shown.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The parameters are described below:

♦ IP Address – ♦ Netmask –

This is the IP address for the router on the network to which this interface is connected.

This is a 32-bit bit mask that shows how the IP address is to be divided into network, subnet and host parts. The netmask has ones in the bit positions in the 32-bit address which are to be used for the network and subnet parts, and zeros for the host part. The mask should contain at least the standard network portion (as determined by the address's class), and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network portion.

♦ Forwarding (LAN) –

This enables or disables communications between this interface and other router(s) on

the LAN.

♦ State (WAN) –

This is a link method between this interface and adjacent router(s). The methods are described

as follows:

This obtains and utilizes the IP address assignment from your ISP (Internet Service Provider).

Auto – Disable – IP Stack –

This disables this interface.

This enables this interface, and the IP address used will be the value of the parameter, IP

Address.

Unnumber –

define an IP network prefix between them. The adjacent routers must have

♦ RIP Routing Protocol –

This utilizes a method of connecting this router with adjacent routers, without having to

Unnumber

capability, too.

This is a distance vector routing protocol. RIP is an Internet standard Interior Gateway Protocol defined in RFC 1058 and RFC 1723. Routing information is sent periodically (each 30 seconds, or triggered by topology change) to an adjacent router. The adjacent router must be using the same protocol. Setting this to

RIPV1&V2

will give the router the ability to make routing information exchanges with

any adjacent router.

♦ RIP Routing Mode

– This parameter allows the router to specify the extent to which it partakes in the RIP on

this port. The options are described below:

– The router will not participate in any RIP exchange with adjacent routers.

None

– The router will incorporate routing information from adjacent routers, but will not send it’s own

Listen

routing table.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

– The router will send adjacent routers it’s own routing table, but will not incorporate routing

Talk

information from them.

– The router will incorporate routing information from adjacent routers, and will send adjacent

Both

routers it’s own routing table.

♦ IP Multicasting –

This feature enables or disables the router’s ability to perform IP multicasting. When

enabled, the router will perform IGMP. It can also perform DVMRP if this feature is enabled below.

Multicast Protocol –

♦

If this parameter is set to Protocol (IGMP). If it is set to Protocol (DVMRP).

♦ IGMP Version –

DHCP Client (LAN)

♦

Configures the router to use either IGMP version 1 or 2.

– This feature allows the LAN port to be assigned an IP address from a DHCP server other than the one in the router. This feature should be enabled only for special configurations (such as the presence of a cable modem on the LAN) where you wish the router to work with a device on the network that must act as a DHCP server. Otherwise, this feature should be kept disabled.

♦ RIP Spoofing (WAN)

– This feature should only be enabled if you have more than one router on your network and this router is providing your WAN connection. In this case, if the WAN connection is dropped due to inactivity and this feature is enabled, RIP packets will be sent to the other routers on the network telling them that data can still be sent to the WAN via this router. Otherwise, the other routers will learn that the WAN link has been disconnected and will no longer forward packets destined for the WAN to this router, causing the packets to be dropped before Bandwidth on Demand has a chance to reestablish the WAN connection.

WAN Frame Relay IP Config

DVMRP

, the router will only use the Internet Group Management

None

, the router will also use the Distance Vector Multicast Routing

FRAME_RELAY

is selected for the Protocol on

following screen will appear:

WAN 1

WAN 2

Interface Configuration

under

, the

The descriptions for all the fields are the same as in the previous section. Select one of the Frame Relay IP Config items at the bottom of the screen to access the following screen:

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The descriptions for all the fields are the same as in the previous section.

IP Static Route

A static route is a permanent entry in the routing table. Static routing provides a means of explicitly defining the next hop router for a particular destination network IP address. Each static route entry also allows for a metric (a.k.a. hop count) to be specified.

The parameters are described below:

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

IP Address

♦

it with a gateway.

– This specifies the destination network IP address (or a host, depending on the netmask) and pairs

♦ Netmask

parts. The netmask has ones in the bit positions in the 32-bit address which are to be used for the network and subnet parts, and zeros for the host part.

♦ Gateway

destination IP address, will be forwarded.

Hops

♦

value higher than 15 (such as 16) means that the network is unreachable.

♦ Intf

State

♦

– This mask shows how the destination IP address is to be divided into network, subnet and host

– This is the adjacent next hop router, for which the packets, arriving to this router with this

– This is an associated RIP metric that may have its value set between 1 and 15, inclusive. A metric

– This is the network interface containing the gateway that the packets will be forwarded through.

– This enables or disables a particular entry.

IP Static Route Examples

The IP Static Route Table shown in the example IP Static Route screen above has the first three entries configured for common implementations of static routing.

The first entry assumes that WAN1 has a connection to the Internet and defines the default next hop router. If you use this router to connect to the Internet it is very important that you create an entry here that defines the default next hop route r as your ISP. T hi s configuration is also commonly used when RIP exchanges with other Internet routers (on WAN1) are disabled.

The second entry shows how to configure static routes when there is another router on the LAN. The IP Address shown (202.12.125.0) is the network address for a branch office, for example. The Gateway Address (210.172.23.1) is the IP address to the LAN port on another router on LAN1 that maintains a WAN connection to the branch office.

The third e nt ry is an example of an enterprise WAN connect i on (through telephone lines) to anot her router, at a branch office for example. The IP Address is the network address of the branch office. The Gateway Address is the IP Address of the WAN port on the branch office router. This configuration assumes there is a modem on WAN2 maintaining a dial-up connection to the branch office.

OSPF Configuration

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link-state routing algorithm that provides more control over the routing process and responds faster to changes as compared to distance-vector routing. OSPF routing table updates only take place when necessary rather than at regular intervals, thereby reducing traffic and saving network bandwidth.

OSPF Configuration

The status, and

Enable

OSPF under State. Currently, OSPF over frame relay is not supported.

screen below allows you to specify an OSPF Router ID, determine As Border Router

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The parameters are described below:

♦ OSPF Router ID

– This is a 32-bit number that uniquely identifies the router in the Autonomous System. If the OSPF Router ID is not configured, the router will automatically choose LAN 1’s IP as the OSPF Router ID.

♦ AS Border Router

– Setting to allow DI-1162/DI-1162M to act as Autonomous System Border Router. As an AS Border Router, the router can import and export routing information of other Autonomous Systems, such as RIP.

State

♦

– Toggle between

Enable

and

Disable

OSPF Area Configuration

Select the desired OSPF Router ID to either make changes to or configure for the first time on the

Configuration

screen (in which case, the five entries will be blank and all you need to do is press <Enter>.

OSPF Area

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Complete the OSPF configuration information on the screen below:

The parameters are described below:

♦ Area ID ♦ Authentication Type

– Enter the OSPF Area ID number in this field.

– Toggle between

None

and

SimplePasswd

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Stub Area

♦

– Toggle between

and No. AS external advertisements are not flooded into/throughout stub

Yes

areas. Routing to AS external destinations in these areas is based on (per area) default only.

♦ Stub Default Cost (0. . 255)

State

♦ ♦ Address Ranges

– This enables or disables a particular entry.

– Enter the Range Net, Range Mask, Advertisement status, and OSPF entries in these fields. This allows users to manually enter OSPF subnet information. Range Net and Range Mask describe the collection of IP addresses contained in the range. Networks and hosts are assigned to an area depending on whether their addresses fall into one of the area’s defining address ranges. Advertisement is set to either the area if and only if such status is set to

OSPF Intf. Configuration

Select the desired interface on the

– Enter a Stub Default Cost between 0 and 255 in this field.

the State of up to five

Enable

or No. Routing information of these address ranges is advertised external to

Yes

OSPF Intf. Configuration

screen:

Complete the OSPF interface configuration information on the screen below:

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The parameters are described below:

♦ Area ID

Output Cost (0 . . 65535)

♦

– Enter the OSPF Area ID number in this field.

– The cost of sending a packet on the interface, expressed in the link static metric. This is advertised as the link cost for this interface in the router’s router links.advertisement. The interface Output Cost(s) must always be greater than 0.

♦ Router Priority (0. . 255)

– This number determines priority when two routers attached to a network both

attempt to become the Designated Router. The router with the highest priority takes precedence.

♦ Hello Interval (1. . 65535)

– The length of time (in seconds) between the Hello Packets that the router sends on the interface. This value is advertised in the router’s Hello Packets. It must be the same for all routers attached to a common network. The smaller the Hello Interval, the faster topological changes will be detected, but more OSPF routing protocol traffic will ensue.

Dead Interval (1. . 65535)

♦

– After ceasing to hear a router’s Hello Packets, the number of seconds before its neighbors declare the router down. This should be some multiple of the Hello Interval. The value must be the same for all the routers attached to a common network.

♦ Authentication Key

– This configured data allows the authentication procedure to generate and/or verify the authentication field in the OSPF header. This value must be the same for all routers attached to a common network.

♦ State

– This enables or disables a particular entry.

OSPF Virtual Intf. Configuration

Select the desired virtual interface to either make changes to or configure for the first time on the

Intf. Configuration

screen (in which case, the five entries will be blank and all you need to do is press <Enter>.

OSPF Virtual

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Complete the OSPF virtual interface configuration information on the screen below:

The parameters are described below:

♦ Transit Area ID ♦ Neighbor Router ID

– Enter the Transit Area ID number in this field.

– Enter the Neighbor Router ID number in this field.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Hello Interval (1. . 65535)

♦

on the interface. This value is advertised in the router’s Hello Packets. It must be the same for all routers attached to a common network. The smaller the Hello Interval, the faster topological changes will be detected, but more OSPF routing protocol traffic will ensue.

– The length of time (in seconds) between the Hello Packets that the router sends

♦ Dead Interval (1. . 65535)

neighbors declare the router down. This should be some multiple of the Hello Interval. The value must be the same for all the routers attached to a common network.

Authentication Key

♦

authentication field in the OSPF header. This value must be the same for all routers attached to a common network.

State

♦

– This enables or disables a particular entry.

Bridge Configuration

Bridges are enabled on the

– After ceasing to hear a router’s Hello Packets, the number of seconds before its

– This configured data allows the authentication procedure to generate and/or verify the

Bridge Configuration

screen:

The parameter you can set is described below:

♦ Bridge Enable –

The third option on the

bridging. Press SAVE once you are finished

Bridge Configuration

menu allows you to enable or disable

Bridge Settings

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The parameters are described below:

♦ Bridge ID

– The Bridge ID is a read-only object composed of the bridge priority and the MAC address. So in

the screen above, the Priority is 32768 and the MAC address is zero since it was yet to be entered.

♦ Priority

– A Bridge Priority is a read-write object that can be set from 0 to 65535. This is the priority number of the bridge. The value is used in conjunction with the bridge MAC address to set the bridge ID, which in turn is used when determining the root bridge of a multi-bridged network. The root bridge is responsible for processing data packets when network loops occur. The smaller the number set, the higher the bridge priority is. The higher the bridge priority, the more chance the bridge has of becoming the root bridge. Zero is the highest priori t y.

Port Aging

♦

– This is a read-write object that allows you to set the aging time for MAC addresses in a port’s

address table. When the time-out figure is reached, the bridge will remove the MAC address.

Max Age

♦

– Maximum Age is a read-write object that can be set from 6 to 40 seconds. At the end of the Maximum Age, if a BPDU has still not been received from the Root Bridge, your Switch will start sending its own BPDU to all other switches for permission to become the Root Bridge. If it turns out that your Switch has the lowest Bridge Identifier, it will become the Root Bridge.

Hello Time

♦

– Hello Time is a read-write object that can be set from 1 to 10 seconds. This is the interval between two transmissions of BPDU packets sent by the Root Bridge to tell all other switches that it is indeed the Root Bridge. If you set a Hello Time for your Switch, and it is not the Root Bridge, the set Hello Time will be used if and when your Switch becomes the Root Bridge.

Forward Delay

♦

– The Forward Delay is a read-write object that can be set from 4 to 30 seconds. This is the time any port on the Switch spends in the listening state while moving from the blocking state to the forwarding state.

Bridge Port Setting:

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Priority

♦

the designated port if the Path costs of redundant switch to switch connections are the same. The higher the port priority, the more chance the port has of becoming the designated port. Zero is the highest priority.

Cost

♦

switch to switch connections.

– Port Priority is a read-write object that can be set from 0 to 255. The priority is used to determine

– Path Cost is a read-write object which is the first consideration when deciding on a designated port for

♦ Bridged

Static Bridge

– Select the desired group.

The parameters are described below:

MAC Address

♦ ♦ Interface

State

♦

– This enables or disables a particular entry.

– This is the MAC address of the network host, or node, that you wish to statically bridge.

– This designates the specific interface, either

, one of the

LAN

interfaces, or

ISDN

Dial-In.

IPX Configuration

If you are working on a N ovell network, you may want to set up IPX routing. IPX (Internetwork Packet eXchange) is the routing protocol used i n Novell networking environments.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The parameters you can set is described below:

♦ IPX Networking –

The IPX Networking function is enabled or disabled in this field.

(Internetwork Packet eXchange), a routing protocol for No vell networking environments.

IPX Stack Configuration

This menu is used to configure the LAN and WAN interfaces.

Enable

it to set up IPX

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Complete the IPX stack configuration information for the desired interface on the screen below:

The parameters described below also apply to WAN interfaces.:

IPX Network Number

♦

Frame type

♦

IPX RIP

♦

– Select from the following:

– Enable IPX Routing Information Protocols (RIP) to provide a measure of distance, or hops, from a

– This determines which IPX network you belong to.

Ether II, SNAP, 802.2

, or

802.3

transmitting system to a receiving system.

♦ IPX SAP

– Enable IPX Service Access Protocol (SAP) to disseminate information about network services and

their addresses to all nodes in an IPX network.

♦ NCP watchdog spoofing

– Enable this for Dial On Demand. Novell defines special packets to send and check to see if each side of the connection is fine. This minimizes the number of unnecessary packets sent through the Internet.

♦ Type 20 Broadcast

– Enable this if NetBIOS requires forwarding by the router. Type 20 Broadcast must be

enabled on both ends for this function to work.

State

♦

– This enables or disables a particular entry.

IPX Static Route

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The parameters are described below:

♦ Network ♦ Next Node Address ♦ Hops

– This is the IPX network number.

– This is the next node address of the device that the router will attempt to reach.

– This counts how many routers were passed thro ugh before the packet’s final destination on a network

was reached. The number of hops is part of each network entry in a RIP packet.

♦ Ticks

– This is the time delay to reach a network. The number of ticks is part of each network entry in a RIP

packet. There are about 18 ticks in a second.

♦ Interface

State

♦

– Select the desired interface containing the gateway that the packets will be forwarded through.

– This enables or disables a particular entry.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

SPX Static Service

Select an entry and then press <Enter>.

The parameters are described below:

♦ Service Name

– This is the name that has been configured for the server. This name must be the

configured in the NetWare server.

exact

name

♦

Type

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

– This field identifies the type of service the server provides.

♦ Network Number ♦ Node Address ♦ Socket ♦ Hops

– This field contains the socket number on which the server will receive service requests.

– This counts how many routers were passed thro ugh before the packet’s final destination on a network

– This is the SPX network number.

– This field contains the address of the node on which the server resides.

was reached. The number of hops is part of each network entry in a RIP packet.

♦ Interface ♦ State

SNMP Agent Configuration

– Select the desired interface.

– This enables or disables a particular entry.

The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), defined in STD 15, RFC 1157, is a protocol governing the management and the monitoring of IP network devices and their functions. The DI-1162/DI-1162M supports the use of SNMP to acknowledge communication between management stations and itself. Basically, the DI-1162/DI1162M, when connected to the network, acts as an SNMP agent, a software process that responds to queries using SNMP to provide status and statistics about the router.

Following is a description of how to configure the DI-1162/DI-1162M for SNMP management.

The parameters you can set is described below:

SNMP Authenticated Trap –

♦

You can

Enable

Disable

an authentication failure trap message being sent to the Management Station by the router. When an SNMP packet with an invalid community name is received, it will be dropped. If this parameter is enabled, a trap will be sent to the network manager; if this parameter is disabled, no trap will be sent.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

SNMP Community Configuration

Select and enter the screen:

SNMP Community Configuration

submenu. You will see the following configuration

The parameters are described below:

♦ SNMP Community String

some arbitrary set of SNMP application entities managed by the network manager.

Access Right

♦

SNMP Community String has an Access Right of operand for the Right is

Status

♦

Invalid

remains so as to be validated at an appropriate time.

– This element of the set (

get, set

Read Only

– This validates or invalidates the use SNMP Community String, by setting the string to

. Note that setting the use of the string to

SNMP Trap Manager

From the the following configuration screen:

SNMP Agent Configuratio n

– This community string is a user-defined identifying name used to group together

Read Only, Read/Write

Read/Write

, and

get next

, then it is available as an operand for the

operations. Otherwise, if the Community String’s corresponding Access

is the same as removing the string, however, the string

Invalid

menu, select and enter the

) is called the SNMP access mode. If the

, then that Community String is available as an

and

get

get next

SNMP Trap Manager

operations only.

submenu. You will see

Valid

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The parameters are described below:

♦ IP Address –

Enter the IP address of the host who will act as an SNMP Management Station. The DI-1162/DI-

1162M router will send SNMP traps to these addresses.

♦ SNMP Community String –

some arbitrary set of SNMP application entities managed by the network manager. Traps will be sent to the IP Address (pre vi ous parameter) as long as the correspo nding Community String, in the Management Statio n’s trap manager software, is the same.

Status –

♦

This validates or invalidates the use of the SNMP Community String, by setting the use of the string

Valid

Invalid

string remains so as to be validated again at an appropriate time.

Advanced Functions

The

The community string is a user-defined identifying name used to group together

. Note that setting the string to

Invalid

is the same as removing the string, however, the

menu holds most of the more complex configuration settings and is shown below:

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Remote Access Configuration

The Remote Access Configuration menu is used to set up the router for dial-in and di al-out connections through modems and/or ISDN devices attached to the WAN ports. The two B channels on the ISDN line or two modems, one connected to each WAN port, can support two independent remote connections or be banded together using Multi-link PPP to implement Bandwidth on Demand (configured separately in the last item in the

Advanced Functions

window).

PPP Configuration

Remote Operation Overview

The DI-1162/DI-1162M is very flexible and can be configured for a variety of remote connections. Since configuring the router can be quit e complex - depending on the number and type of remote connection(s) you wish to implement – we have described some of the basic functions and procedures below.

Dial-In User Connections

Dial-in users are defined as a single user on a computer, such as a person working at home, who dials into the office to use network resources. In almost all cases, a Dial-In User Profile needs to be set up for each user who will dial in to the router so the router can tailor the connection for each user. Once this is done, the remote user will be able to use network resources as if he were connected locally. When the user dials into the DI-1162/DI-1162M, the call comes into the WAN port and after answering the phone, the DI-1162/DI-1162M:

1. Identifies the Username and Password using the authentication protocol defined in the

Configuration!WAN

submenu. The dial-in user is not prompted for this information, but must enter it into

his dialing software before dialing.

2. Checks the Username and Password against those defined in the Dial-In User Profiles and Remote Network Profiles.

3. Assuming a matching Dial-In User Profile is found, the router may configure the IP addr ess of the remote station (as defined in the Dial-In User Profile).

4. Configures a dial-in Interface (a virtual circuit) to handle the connection.

5. Establishes the connection.

Interface

menu, the

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

6. In the case where the Dial-In User does not need to supply a Username and Password (Auth Type is set to

Interface Configuration

in the

None

Remote Network Connections

submenu) the remote co mput er must have its own IP addr ess.

Remote networks are defined as other ne t wor ks (LANs) that have WAN connections using a router, Internet server, network modem or similar device (in this document however, we will assume the remote device is a router). In almost all cases, a Remote Network Profile needs to be set up for each network that will connect to the DI-1162/DI-1162M via a WAN connection. The Remote Network Profiles are necessary for the router to identify and tailor the connection to the remote network’s router. Once this is done, a connection between the two routers can be made and computers on each network can communicate with each other.

Dial-In Network Connections

A dial-in network connection is very similar to a dial-in user connection. When the remote router dials into the DI1162/DI-1162M, the call comes into the WAN port and after answering the phone, the DI-1162:

1. Identifies the Username and Password using the authentication protocol defined in the

Configuration!WAN

submenu.

Interface

2. Checks the Username and Password against those defined in the Dial-In User Profiles and Remote Network Profiles.

3. Assuming a matching Remote Network Profile is found, the router may configure the IP address of the remote station (as defined in the Remote Network Profile).

4. Configures the specified WAN Interface (a virtual circuit) using the configuration parameters defined in the

Interface Configuration

menu and the Remote Network Profile to handle the connection.

5. Establishes the connection.

Dial-Out Network Connections

Dial-out network connections are much different than dial-in connections.

When a packet on the LAN reaches the router, the DI-1162/DI-1162M will:

1. Check it’s routing table to try to identify where this packet should go. It looks for two variables in the routing

table, Gateway address and Interface. There are four possible results: I. In the case where the destination resides on the LAN, the router will send out an ARP request to obtain

the MAC address of the destination computer and deliver the packet. Note that defining Static ARPs can speed up delivery since the router won’t need to send out an ARP request.

II. In the case where the router finds a match in the routing table, it uses the Gateway address and Interface

numbers to identify the correct Remote Network Profile to use to dial out. From the Remote Network Profile, the router gets the telephone number and other information and dials out, establishes a connection and delivers the packet

III. In the case where no match is found in the routing table, the router will search for IP Static Routes. If a

match is found in the static routing table, the router will use the information there to find the correct Remote Network Profile to use to dial out. If you have a connection to the Internet, it is very important that you define the default next hop router in the your ISP (see the

IP Static Routes

section of this manual for more detailed configuration information).

IP Static Routes

submenu of the console program as

This is because if a user on your LAN makes a request to download a web page for the first time, for instance, since it is the first time, the DI-1162/DI-1162M will not have any record of the web page’s IP address. If no default next hop router is defined, the request will be dropped and the user will get a ‘Destination Unreachable’ error message. However, if a default next hop router is defined in the IP Static Routes, the DI-1162/DI-1162M will pass this request on to the ISP (the request will go through) and the user will receive the web page.

IV. In the case where there is no match for the destination IP address in the routing table or the static routing

table, and no default next hop router is defined, the packet will be dropped and no action will be taken.

Remote Access Configuration

The

submenu is shown below. All items in the submenu are described as follows.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Dial Configuration

You can configure the two WAN interfaces on your DI-1162/DI-1162M to dial-out only when a packet is forwarded to that interface, and hang up after all data has been transferred and the link is idle. This can be used to lower the cost of an unpopular link or used as a backup link to your ISP. This feature is commonly called “Dial on Demand”. WAN interfaces can also be configured here to receive calls from dial in users and other networks, called “Remote Access”. Please note however, that in all cases, after configuring the WAN interfaces in the submenu or

Remote Network Profile

Dial Configuration

submenu, they must be further c onfigured in the

submenu.

Dial-In User Profile

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Dial In IP Pool

The dial in IP pool allows you to define a range of IP addresses that will be reserved for and assigned to dialin users.

The items are described as follows:

IP Address

♦ ♦ Range

– This is the first IP Address that will be assigned to a dial-in user.

– This is the number of IP Addresses that can be assigned. In the window shown above, dial-in users will be assigned the IP Addresses 170.100.200.1 or 170.100.200.2 (only two are necessary since the router used in the examples has only two WAN ports).

Dial Backup Configuration

The dial backup configuration function allows you to configure information about a backup interface. An example of a backup interface on the

Remote Network Profile

menu would be making WAN 2 a backup

interface for WAN 1. Enter configuration information below to complete the dial backup configuration.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The items are described as follows:

♦ Backup State

◊

Answer

◊

Dial on Demand

◊

Always Connect

◊

Disable

Backup Delay

♦

– Choose among

Answer, Dial on Demand, Always Connect

, or

Disable.

Select this to accept phone calls.

This initiates phone calls to make a connection.

When this is selected, the primary line will never have a chance to be activated again.

Select this if you don’t want the backup function to be used.

– This value (in seconds) is used when the primary interface fails. Once the Backup Delay

value is reached, the backup interface will be activated for use.

♦ Restore Delay

– This value is used if and when the master interface is operational again. Once the Restore

Delay value is reached, the backup interface will be disconnected

WAN 1

This submenu contains a number of settings (shown below) which allow you to configure the router to dial out.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The parameters are described below:

♦ Dial Retry Time – ♦ Dial Retry Count –

This is the time (in seconds) the router will wait before the next dial attempt.

This is the specified maximum number of dial attempts the router will make when trying

to establish a connection on this interface.

♦ Call Back Delay –

This is the time (in seconds) the router will wait before calling the number designated for a

specified dial-in user.

Dial-In User Profile

The Dial-In User Profile is used to configure the DI-1162/DI-1162M for single users (for example a person working at home) to dial in to the router and gain access to the network. At least one User Profile must be configured for each user who will dial in (in conjunction with Dial Configuration settings). Please note that WAN connections to computers on other networks must be defined in the

Up to eight users can be set up to dial in to the router. However, more dial-in users can be accommodated by using a RADIUS server as described in the

Dial-In User Profile

The

submenu appears below:

RADIUS Configuration

Remote Network Profile

section of this manual.

submenu.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Select an entry from above and hit <Enter>. This screen will be blank if a dial-in user profile has not been configured yet.

The parameters in the above window are described as follows:

Name –

♦

The maximum length is 64 characters. This username is for password challenges (authenticati on). The

user dialing in must supply this username in order to be allowed access to the router.

♦ Password –

This is the password associated with the above Name field.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Rem CLID

♦

– Remote Caller ID. This is the telephone number of the Remote User and is used for security. When a phone number is entered in this field, the router will make sure that the incoming call is coming from the same phone number as the one defined here. In other words, the remote user can only be calling from the telephone number defined here, otherwise the call will not be accepted. This function is disabled if the field is left blank.

♦ Default IP –

This is the IP address that will be assigned to the dial-in user when the IP Address Supply setting below is set to Default. Assigning an IP address to the remote computer ensures that the IP address does not clash with other IP addresses on your network.

♦ IP Address Supply –

◊

Default

◊

Dynamic

◊

None

♦ Call Back

– Uses the Default IP address defined above.

- Taken from the Dial-In IP pool

- The remote user supplies their own IP Address. – This field determines if the router will allow call back to the Remote Dial-In User upon dial-in. If

this option is enabled, the router will be able to call back to the Remote Dial-In User if they request it. In such a case, the router will disconnect the initial call from this user and dial back to the specified call back number. The default is no call back.

♦ Phone Number Supplied by ♦ Phone Number

– If

Caller

initially set up the router. If yourself.

♦ Idle Time –

This is the elapsed time (in seconds), of inactivity, that will trigger the router to disconnect this

interface.

♦ State –

Enables/disables this User Profile.

Remote Network Profile

This field defines how the remote user will obtain an IP address. The choices include:

– Toggle between

Router

and

Caller.

is selected above, then this phone number is usually provided by the person who

is selected, you must enter the phone number that will be called back

Router

The Remote Network Profile is used to configure the router for WAN connections to other networks. In practice, the DI-1162/DI-1162M will either dial-out to or receive incoming calls from another router, the ‘gateway’ to the other network.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Select an entry from above and hit <Enter>. This screen will be blank if a remote network profile has not been configured yet.

The parameters in the above window are described as follows:

Remote Name

♦ ♦ Direction –

dial-[In] to the DI-1162/DI-1162M to establish a connection, the router will dial-[ a connection can be established [

– Name for the remote network that the DI-1162/DI-1162M is being set up to connect with.

Dial-[In], dial-[

Out

], or [

Both

]. This fiel d defines whether the router on the other network will

Both

] to the other network, or

Out

] ways.

When this is set to In, the DI-1162/DI-1162M will only establish a connection with the other network by receiving calls on the WAN port specified in the Interface field below. Also, the incoming calls will be subject to the Name, Password, and Rem CLID fields in the Incoming section below.

When this is set to

, the router will only make calls on the WAN interface specified in the Interface field

Out

below. Also, the outgoing calls will be subject to the Name, Password and Phone Number fields in the Outgoing section below.

When set to

♦ Interface

, the dial in and dial out conditions described above will both be observed.

Both

–

WAN1

. This field is used to assign a remote network to a logical (virtual) interface called

WAN2

a virtual circuit. More than one remote network can be configured to use the same interface, but they cannot be connected at the same time. Thus, if you wish to have two WAN connections operate simultaneously, make sure they are configured on different interfaces. On the other hand, if you have two dial-out remote network profiles but wish to keep one line always open for dial-in users, make sure the two dial-out profiles use the same interface. In this case, the two profiles will share the same interface; the second one using it after the first one’s idle time has expired and it has relinquished it.

♦ Backup Intf

– Enter a backup interface in this field is desired.

♦ Phone ♦ Idle Time –

This is the telephone number that will be dialed to make the outgoing connection.

This is the elapsed time (in seconds), of inactivity, that will trigger the router to disconnect this

interface.

♦ Script File ID

– This is the ID in the

Script File Configuration

menu.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Set Peer as default Gateway –

♦

When enabled, this feature sets the IP address of the remote device as the default gateway (default next hop router) for all packets not found in the routing table. If the Peer IP is set as the default gateway here, you still need to define a static default route in the

Static Route

submenu, but you don’t need to designate a gateway IP address for the static route (the routers

Network Configuration!IP

will automatically negotiate and adjust the gateway IP setting accordingly). And also make sure that the Remote IP Address in the Remote Networks Profile is set to 0.0.0.0.

Incoming:

Name

♦

– The maximum length is 64 characters. Thi s username is for password c hallenges (authenticat ion). The

user dialing in must supply this username in order to be allowed access to the router.

♦ Password ♦ Rem CLID

– This is the password associated with the above Name field.

♦ Call Back

– This field determines whether the router calls back after receiving a call from this Remote Network Profile. If this option is enabled, the router will disconnect the initial call and call back to the phone number that you provide. Note that this field will be valid only if the Direction setting above is

Outgoing:

Name

♦

– The maximum length is 64 characters. Spaces and punctuation are not usually accepted. This

Both

username is for password challenges (authentication) which are automatically handled by the router when dialing out. The DI-1162/DI-1162 will use PAP and CHAP (whichever works) to make the connection.

♦ Password ♦ Remote IP Address

Supply setting below is set to

– This is the password associated with the above Name field.

– This is the IP address that will be assigned to the dial-in network when the IP Address

Default

. Assigning an IP address to the router dialing in ensures that the IP address does not clash with other IP addresses on your network. For dial out connections utilizing dial on demand, the IP address of the remote router needs to be entered here so the router knows which remote network to establish a connection with to deliver the packet.

♦ IP Address Supply

– This field defines how the router will assign an IP address to a device dialing in. The

choices include:

◊

Default

◊

Dynamic

◊

None

♦ Multi-Link PPP

– Uses the Remote IP address defined above.

– Taken from the Dial In IP pool.

– The remote user supplies their own IP Address.

– Enables/disables multi-link PPP on this port. Individual ports can be set to join the MLPPP bundle by enabling Multi-Link on each port. When enabled, the port will join the MLPPP bundle. Please note that this router contains only one MLPPP bundle. All ports taking part in MLPPP, even the first or primary port which initially establishes the connection, must have Multi-Link enabled. The port that first established the connection is the Primary Port and will not disconnect due to a BOD Low Threshold event, but is subject to Dial on Demand (DOD) settings.

Compression

♦

– Enables or disables Stac compression. This is an industry standard using a 4:1 compression scheme. When enabled, the router will try to use Stac compression on the designated port whenever possible. If the destination device is not capable of using Stac compression, the two devices will still communicate, albeit without using Stac compression. When disabled, Stac compression will never be used on this port

♦ State

– Enables or disables this Remote Network Profile.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Script File Configuration

Script files are used on dial-out connections where the server you are connecting to uses a script for the logon procedure (common with many ISP’s). If you would like the router to automatically logon to a remote server, you must define a script file.

Script files are executed immediately upon successfully establishing a connection. The DI-1162/DI-1162M can hold up to 8 different script files.

Press <Enter> in a script name field to define a script file.

Script File Example

The example script file shown below assumes a connection to an Internet Service Provider.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Commands

Script files can perform six Commands. You can choose the appropriate command by positioning the cursor in the Command field and pressing <space bar> to toggle to the desired command. The script commands are defined as follows:

Wait

♦

– This command waits for text defined in the Parameter field to be transmitted by the ISP. In the above

example, the router will wait for the ISP to prompt for ‘

Username:

’. Please note that the parameters are

case-sensitive and must be an exact match.

Transmit

♦

– Transmits the exact characters written in the Parameter field. There are also three keywords that

can be transmitted:

◊

^I – Username, as defined in the

◊

^P – Password, as defined in the

◊

^M – <Enter> or <Return>.

Delay

♦

Get My IP

♦

– Will delay for the number of seconds defined in the Parameter field.

– Will get the IP address from the ISP if the ISP sends it. This command is only valid for SLIP

Remote Network Profile

submenu.

connections.

Get Srv IP

♦

End

♦

– Ends the script file.

– Will get the Servers IP address if it is sent. This command is only valid for SLIP connections.

Parameters

Parameters are data fields which hold text or numbers that are used in the commands.

State

Toggles to enable or disable the line item.

Wait, Transmit,

and

Delay

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

DHCP Configuration

The DI-1162/DI-1162M Router implements the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), which allows the entire IP network to be centrally managed by the router. It does this by assigning IP addresses and configuration parameters to hosts as they are powered on and come onto the network. This can be a great help for network administration since many administrative tasks such as keeping track of each computer’s IP address are handled by the router. The DI-1162/DI-1162M can implement DHCP in one of the two ways shown below:

DHCP Server Configuration

When acting as a DHCP server, the DI-1162/DI-1162M will manage many of the IP network parameters. The DI-1162/DI-1162M will never assign a broadcast or network IP addresses to hosts, even if such an address is included in the specified range.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Dynamic IP Pool

The that the Dynamic IP Pool cannot be enabled when the DHCP Agent feature is enabled.

screen shown below contains the parameters that the router can set on the hosts. Please note

The parameters are described below:

♦ IP Address –

This is the base (starting) address for the IP pool of unassigned IP addresses.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Range –

♦

This is the range of contiguous, IP addresses, above the base IP Address above. In the above

example, the IP Addresses assigned would be 202.93.47.1, 202.93.47.2, … 202.93.47.100.

♦ Netmask –

This mask informs the client, how the destination IP address is to be divided into network, subnet, and host parts. The netmask has ones in the bit positions in the 32-bit address which are to be used for the network and subnet parts, and zeros for the host part.

♦ Gateway –

Lease Time –

♦

This specifies the Gateway IP Address that will be assigned to and used by the DHCP clients.

This specifies the number of hours a client can lease an IP address, from the dynamically

allocated IP pool. A value of 65535 means the lease is permanent.

♦ DNS IP –

This specifies the Domain Name System server, used by the DHCP clients using leased IP

addresses, to translate hostnames into IP addresses or vice-versa.

WINS IP –

♦

This specifies the IP address of the Windows Internet Naming Service server. This server has

software that resolves NetBIOS na mes to IP addresses.

♦ Domain Name –

This is the common suffix, shared by networked hosts, used to represent a common network

domain.

♦ State –

This toggles

Disable

and

for DHCP function.

Enable

Static IP Pool

The Static IP Pool configuration functions in much the same way as the Dynamic IP Pool configuration. The only difference is that a particular IP address can be assigned to a particular host. The host is identified by the MAC Address of its NIC, which must be entered on this screen.

Select an entry from above and hit <Enter>. This screen will be blank if a static IP pool has not been configured yet.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The parameters are described below:

♦ IP Address – ♦ MAC Address –

This is the static IP address to be assigned.

This specifies the physical address of the particular host that will receive the above IP

address.

All other parameters (Netmask, Gateway, DNS IP, WINS IP, State, and Domain Name) are identical to those in the Dynamic IP Pool configuration, in the previous section.

DHCP Relay Agent

The DHCP Relay Agent feature allows the DI-1162 to act as a go-between for a remote DHCP server assigning IP addresses to local clients. This can be useful if you wish to have all IP addresses in your company, including those in branch offices, assigned from a DHCP server centrally located at your headquarters, for example.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Items are described as follows:

♦ DHCP Server IP Address –

powers up and sends a DHCP request for an IP address, the DI-1162/DI-1162M will forward the request to the address specified here.

♦ Time Threshold –

IP address. If the value define here is exceeded, the relay agent will not pass along the request from the host.

♦ State

– Enables or disables the DHCP Relay Agent function.

This specifies the maximum amount of time (in seconds) since the host began requesting an

This is the IP address of the remote DHCP server. When a local computer

Filter Configuration

Your DI-1162/DI-1162M uses filters (configurable at two layers) to screen packet data, and apply a routing decision. There are two methods of configuring a filter: you can configure a filter at the network layer (IP filter) to restrict access between networks and reduce unnecessary internetwork traffic; and you can configure a filter at the data-link layer (a general filter) to provide a protocol independent filter.

Good knowledge of network protocols is required to configure a specific filter appropriately. It is important for the router to operate correctly, therefore, ne c essary packets must be allowed to pass through the filters. In other words, do not attempt to configure filters on a utilized router unless you understand what you are doing.

The following section describes how to configure the router filter parameters.

Configuring a Filter Set

Under the

Advanced Functions

menu, select and enter the

Filter Configuration

screen:

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The three submenus are described as follows:

Filter State of Interface

– This is used to choose the default, routing decisions for packets, not meeting the

criteria for specific filters.

Layer 2 Filter

– This is a data-link layer (protocol independent) filter. Foreknowledge of the specific

protocol, used on the interface (LAN or WANs), is needed to make effective use of this filter.

IP Filter

– This is an IP protocol specific filter, allowing you to, among other things, prohibit specific packets from entering the LAN. Alternatively, you can set up filters that allow certain types of IP packets to enter the LAN.

IPX Filter

– This contains information necessary to set up an IPX filter (DI-1162M only).

Filter State of Interface

The to a filter, routing decision. In other words, a packet, having not met the criteria for a specific filter that was applied to a specific interface, will be subjected to this default, routing decision.

submenu lets you toggle default, routing decisions, if the packets are not subjected

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Please note that the IPX Filter column will only appear on DI-1162M models. Each decision on handling packets is described below:

1. Disable –

2. Forward –

This does not apply a default, routing decision.

This allows the routing of a packet, e ven though it has not met the criteria of the corresponding

filter.

3. Drop –

This drops (doesn’t allow routing for) a packet that has not met the criteria for the corresponding

filter.

Layer 2 Filter

The specific protocol used on the interface (LAN or WANs) is needed to make effective use of this filter.

submenu contains a protocol independent (data-link layer) filter. Foreknowledge of the

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Select an entry from above and hit <Enter>. This screen will be blank if a layer 2 filter has not been configured yet.

The parameters of a filter are described below:

♦ Name – ♦ Direction –

This is a 12 character (maximum), alphanumeric, user-defined name, used to identify the filter.

This defines the direction of the frame relative to the Interface parameter. In means that packets will be checked when they are received from this interface. out from this interface.

means that packets are checked as they are sent

Out

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

State –

♦

This is used to choose the routing decision applied to the frame. The three decisions are described:

–

1. Forward

This allows the routing of the frame, if it has met the criteria of the corresponding filter.

2. Drop –

This drops (doesn’t allow routing for) a specific frame that has met the criteria of the

corresponding filter.

3. Disable –

Interface –

♦

Offset –

♦

This does not apply the protocol independent filter.

This applies the filter to a specific interface, either LAN or one of the WANs.

This defines the reference byte for the Length parameter (described below). The Offset is the number of bytes (octets) from the beginning of the first byte of the frame header, immediately after the preamble. The range of the Offset parameter is from 0 to 255 octets. The first byte in a packet has an offset 0.

Length –

♦ ♦

Value –

This is the number of bytes (octets) from the offset value (the Offset reference byte).

This is a 16 digit, hexadecimal field, defining the actual bit values used to compare with the frame

data, at the specified (Offset + Length) position.

♦ Mask –

This is a 16 digit, hexadecimal bit mask, used as an operand in the bit-wise AND operation that will be

applied to the Value parameter.

IP Filter

The IP Filter is specifically an IP protocols filter, allowing you to, among other things, firewall your LAN, prohibiting specific packets from entering your LAN. It is necessary to have good knowledge of IP protocol before effectively configuring this filter.

Select an entry from above and hit <Enter>. This screen will be blank if an IP filter has not been configured yet.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The IP Filter parameters are described below:

♦ Name –

Direction –

♦ ♦ State –

This is a 12 character (maximum), alphanumeric, user-defined name, used to identify the IP filter.

This defines the direction of the packet relative to the Interface parameter below.

This is used to define the routing decision applied to the packet. The three routing decisions are

described:

–

1. Forward

2. Drop –

This allows the routing of the packet, if it has met the criteria of the corresponding IP filter.

This drops (doesn’t allow routing for) a specific packet that has met the criteria of the

corresponding IP filter.

3. Disable –

♦ Interface –

Protocol Type –

♦

This does not apply the IP filter.

This applies the IP filter to a specific interface, LAN or one of the WANs.

This is a protocol identifier, as assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

(IANA). The values of this identifier are described in RFC-1700. This router supports the following:

protocol type

= 1, this is Internet Control Message (ICMP), defined in RFC 792. = 6, this is Transmission Control (TCP), defined in RFC 793. = 17, this is User Datagram (UDP), defined in RFC 798.

= 0, this includes ICMP (1), TCP (6), and UDP (17).

♦ Src IP – ♦ Src Netmask –

This is the source address in the IP header of this packet.

This mask is bit-wise AND’d with the source IP address, and compared to the IP address of the

incoming interface, for which the packet arrived.

♦ Src Port – ♦ Src Port Operation – ♦ Dst IP –

This is the source port in the TCP or UDP header of the packet.

Select a source port operation:

This is the destination address in the IP header of the packet.

None, EQ, GT

, or LT.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Dst Netmask –

♦

of the outgoing interfaces.

This mask is bit-wise AND’d with the destination IP address, and compared to the IP address

♦ Dst Port –

Dst Port Operation –

♦

value, of the TCP or UDP header.

ICMP Type –

♦

ICMP Code –

♦ ♦ TCP Flag –

This is the destination port, in the TCP or UDP header, of the packet.

This is the type field, in the ICMP header, used to identify a particular ICMP message.

This is the code field, in the ICMP header, used to further specify the ICMP type.

This is a decimal number, representing the six flag bits in the TCP header.

IPX Filter Configuration

Highlight the desired entry on the following screen

This comparison operation is applied to the destination port (the Dst Port parameter)

IPX Filter Configuration

screen and then press <Enter> to access the

IPX Filter

The IPX Filter is specifically an IPX protocols filter, allowing you to, among other things, firewall your network, prohibiting specific packets from entering or going out from your network. It is ne cessary to have knowledge o f IPX protocol before effectively configuring this filter.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Select an entry from above and hit <Enter>. This screen will be blank if an IPX filter has not been configured yet.

The IPX Filter parameters are described below:

♦ Name – ♦ State –

This is a 12 character (maximum), alphanumeric, user-defined name, used to identify the IPX filter.

This is used to define the routing decision applied to the packet. The three routing decisions are

described:

–

1. Forward

This allows the routing of the packet, if it has met the criteria of the corresponding IPX filter.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

2. Drop –

corresponding IPX filter.

3. Disable –

Direction –

♦

Interface –

♦

Packet Type –

♦ ♦ Destination Network Number –

Destination Node –

♦

MAC address of this device.

Destination Socket –

♦

Source Network Number –

♦ ♦ Source Node – ♦ Source Socket –

This drops (doesn’t allow routing for) a specific packet that has met the criteria of the

This does not apply the IPX filter.

This defines the direction of the packet relative to the Interface parameter below.

This applies the filter to a specific interface, LAN or one of the WANs.

Defined by Novell for special services.

This field contains the MAC address of the originating machine.

This field contains a specific socket number which IPX packets can be discarded.

IPX SAP Type Filter

This is the IPX network number of each device in a subnet created by a user.

This field contains the address of the node on which the router resides. This is usually the

This field contains the socket number on which the router will receive service requests.

This is the IPX network number of the network where the packet originated.

The SAP type filter parameters are described below:

♦ Type –

information table for the router.

♦ State –

This is used to remove selected incoming service access information before it is entered into the service

Toggle to

Enable

Disable

this filter.

Multiple Home Configuration

Besides the IP address assigned to the LAN interface in the up to 3 additional IP interfaces. These additional IP interfaces are referred to as MIP’s and MIP1 to MIP3 are

Network Configuration

menu, each LAN may have

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

reserved for LAN1 and MIP4 to MIP6 are reserved for LAN2 (if present). This type of configuration is known as a multiple home configuration.

Multiple Home can be demonstrated by this example:

A company has 625 users (computers) all connected to one physical network using Ethernet. However, the company only has one Class C IP network address, 202.100.160.0. This network address will only support 254 users. To solve the shortage of IP address problem and to plan for future growth, the company applies for and receives two more Class C IP network addresses, 203.101.161.0 and 204.102.162.0. This gives the company a total of 254 x 3 = 762 IP Addresses, which it assigns to the computer users, with a few left over for future needs. Due to the nature of IP networks, however, the users in one IP network domain (202.100.160.0, for example) cannot communicate with users on a different IP domain (203.101.161.0). Multiple home solves this problem. When you register the additional IP network addresses in the Multiple Home Configuration menu on the router, the router will route data between the three IP networks using the single LAN.

In this router, multiple home configurations only apply to the LAN interface.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The parameters are described below:

♦ IP Address ♦ Routing Protocol

– This is a network IP address, access point, to a separate, physical network, on the LAN.

– This is the same as in the

Network Configuration

section. Keep in mind that these

exchanges are made with adjacent routers on the LAN, if present.

♦ IP Multicasting

– This enables/disables IP multicasting on the IP network you are defining.

All other parameters (Netmask, Routing Mode, Multicast Protocol and IGMP Version) are identical to those in the

Network Configuration

section.

Static ARP

This special function is intended to speed up the process of finding a host's Ethernet (MAC) address from its network address, and provides a special condition – any other host acting as an impostor by using the same IP address as the legitimate host, will be ignored by this router.

Basically, when a packet comes into the router from a WAN port and is destined for a host on the LAN, the router will use information defined here to immediately send the packet to the host rather than send out an ARP request to find the host’s MAC addre ss.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Select an entry from above and hit <Enter>. This screen will be blank if a static ARP entry has not been configured yet.

The parameters are described as follows:

♦ IP Address –

This is the IP address that causes the router to reply with the MAC Address upon receiving an

ARP request.

♦ MAC Address –

This is the physical address, of the host, that is the authorized owner of the IP address.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

State –

♦

This toggles

Enable

NAT Configuration

and

Disable

Network Address Translation (NAT) is a routing protocol that allows your network to become a that is isolated from, yet connected to the Internet. It does this by changing the IP address of packets from a IP address usable on the Internet to a vice-versa.

NAT has two major benefits. First, NAT allows many users to access the Internet using a small number or even a single global IP address. This can greatly reduce the costs associated with Internet access and also helps alleviate the current shortage of Internet IP addresses. Secondly, the NAT process creates a firewall which hides your local network from Internet users, providing a degree of security to your Internet connection.

To be successfully implemented, NAT should be used only when the majority of network traffic remains on the local network. In cases where a large percentage of network traffic is destined for the Internet, NAT can adversely affect the speed and performance of your Internet connection. Also, your network servers such as ftp servers, web servers or mail servers will probably need to be assigned consistent. This issue will be further discussed later.

Network Address Port Translation (NAPT) is a subset of NAT where many local IP addresses and their TCP/UDP port numbers are translated to a single global IP address and it’s TCP/UDP port number. In this document, the term NAT will refer to both NAT and NAPT unless otherwise stated.

NAT can work in conjunction with DHCP. Thus, if both are enabled and properly configured, the DHCP server in the DI-1162/DI-1162M will assign local IP addresses to computers on your network.

IP address usable on your private network (but not on the Internet) and

local

NAT IP addresse s so their IP addresses r emain

static

private

How NAT Works

network

global

In the most common NAT configuration, your network uses local IP addresses that are not valid on the Internet. Internet (global) IP addresses are unique, with no two devices have the same IP address. The local IP addresses can be freely assigned to computers on your network by your network administrator (within guidelines defined later in this chapter and in “ port on the router is assigned a globally unique IP Address that IS valid on the Internet, since it will be sending and receiving data directly to the Internet and is therefore part of it. Please study the example diagram below carefully.

Appendix C, IP Concepts”

). This can be done manually or by using DHCP. The WAN

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Please note that in the above diagram, the Gateway IP address settings for the local PC’s needs to be set to

192.168.100.1, the LAN IP address of the router.

NAT manipulates the IP addresses in packet headers on a one-to-one basis. An outgoing data packet (a packet originating from a computer on the local LAN and destined for a computer outside the private network) will have its IP address translated as shown below.

In the Outgoing Data Packet above, the

Destination IP Address

And the

portion of the packet is the information payload borne by the packet, for instance a request to view a

Data

is the IP address of a computer outside the private network, on the Internet for example.

Source IP address

is the IP address that is translated by NAT. The

web page.

The router logs the changes made to the IP header in its NAT table. The NAT table enables the router to send replies back to the local computer as shown below.

In the Inbound Data Packet above, the

Source IP Address

is the IP address of a computer outside the private network. And the

Destination IP Address

is the IP address that is translated by NAT. The

portion of the packet

Data

is the information payload borne by the packet, in this case, web page contents.

The actual information in the NAT table depends whether the router is implementing NAT or NAPT.

NAT

This section discusses the NAT protocol as opposed to NAPT which is discussed in the next section.

NAT is the initial protocol set forth by RFC 1631 and provides a means in which private networks can communicate with the Internet by using a small number of IP addresses. In our discussion, we will use the example IP addresses listed in the table below and the network diagram shown at the beginning of this section.

Global IP Addresses (for use with NAT)

200.100.50.1 192.168.100.1

200.100.50.2 192.168.100.2

200.100.50.3 192.168.100.3

200.100.50.4 192.168.100.4

200.100.50.5 192.168.100.5

Local IP Addresses (assigned to computers on the local network)

192.168.100.6

192.168.100.7

192.168.100.8

192.168.100.9

192.168.100.10

Please note that in the above table there are 9 users on the local network using 5 global IP addresses to access the Internet.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

When a packet on the local network arrives at the router and needs to be sent to the Internet, NAT will change the source IP address (for example 192.169.100.2) to a global address (200.100.50.1, for example). If this packet generates a reply (as for example, a request to view a web page will), NAT will change the destination IP address on the reply packet back to the local IP address for delivery to the machine on the local (stub) network.

The difference between static and dynamic NAT is that once the five global addresses are assigned when using static NAT, they will never change. The only way to change them is by using the console program to manually reassign them. When using dynamic NAT, the router will map a local IP address to a global IP address whenever a request is made. Since there are only 5 global IP addresses in the example above, there can only be 5 mappings at any one time. In other words, much like static NAT, only 5 local machines can access the Internet at any one time. However, contrary to static NAT, the router will discard the mapping between the global and local IP addresses after a certain length of time (which is quite long so rarely happens), or after the session is finished (an example of a session is when requesting a web page, the entire page has completed downloading). The most common implementation of NAT is to define a range of dynamic addresses to be used by hosts, but assign static addresses to your servers if you wish for them to be accessible from outside your network.

Setting Local IP Addresses

When implementing NAT and thus creating a private network that is isolated from the Internet, you can assign any IP addresses to host computers without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Number s Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP Addresses specifically for private networks:

Class Beginning Address Ending Address

A 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 B 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 C 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

It is recommended that you choose local IP addresses for use with NAT from the private network IP addresses in the above list. For more information on address assignment, refer to RFC 1597,

Internets

and RFC 1466,

Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space

Address Allocation for Private

Configure NAT/NAPT

The first screen shows the complete NAT table that is defined by the network manager:

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

For any NAT entry, you must configure two different screens. The first one is accessible by positioning the cursor over the name field and hitting <Enter> (in the window shown above, this corresponds to the field ‘02507’). After configuring the NAT options in the Name field, you must save the changes, exit, and position the cursor over the NAT IP Pool to configure variables there.

Name Field Configuration Screen

The configuration screen for the name field appears as follows:

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The parameters are described as follows:

♦ Name –

This is a 12 character, alphanumeric, user-defined name, used to identify the network address

translation.

♦ Global Interface –

This is the interface corresponding to the Global IP and Range parameters, in the NAT

table, to form unique IP address[es], known to the outside (regional or Internet) routers, on this interface.

♦ Local Interface –

This is the interface corresponding to the Local IP and Range parameters, in the NAT table,

to form local IP address[es], known only to this interface and the network within.

♦ Translation Mode –

◊

Static NAT

This toggles choices of four types of NATs:

–

Maps one global IP address to one local IP address. After all global IP addresses are assigned, they will remain static. This option may be necessary for email, web, ftp servers, etc. where static IP addresses are esse ntial for operation.

◊

Dynamic NAT

–

Maps one global IP address to one local IP address. Global IP addresses will be dynamically reassigned to different local IP addresses if not currently being used. This allows a larger number of users to use a small number of IP addresses.

◊

Static NAPT

–

One to one mapping of UDP/TCP port numbers to let packets with specific UDP/TCP port numbers enter the local IP domain. The NAPT map table will not age. This option may be necessary for email, web, ftp servers, etc. where static port numbers are essential for operation. Setting the global port number to 0 opens port numbers 1024 to 65535 for the designated local IP address, creating a visible computer. This allows a computer to be freely accessed by other computers on the Internet, which is necessary for some applications to function correctly when using NAPT, including Microsoft NetMeeting, CUSeeMe, etc.

◊

Dynamic NAPT

One to one mapping of UDP/TCP port numbers. The NAPT map table will age. This option allows many hosts to use a single, globally unique IP address, and thus will only be used on outbound packets.

♦ State –

Enables/disables this NAT configuration.

NAT IP Pool Configuration Screen

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Now you must select, enter, and configure the NAT IP Pool from the

NAT Configuration

submenu, shown

below.

Dynamic NAT

This screen (below) is how the NAT IP Pool appears, if

Dynamic NAT

parameter. Each entry, in this configuration, can be used to map multiple, contiguous global addresses and local addresses to each other.

was chosen for the Translation Mode

The parameters are described below:

♦ Global IP –

An IP Address that is globally unique and valid on the Internet. It is the base, global address for

the global addresses that will be recognized by the interface in the Global Interface parameter.

Range –

♦ ♦ Local IP –

This is the range of contiguous, global addresses above (and including) the base Global IP.

An IP Address that is only used in the stub domain since it is not unique. It is the base, local

address for the local addresses that will be recognized by the interface in the Local Interface parameter.

Range –

♦ ♦ State –

This is the range of contiguous local addresses above (and including) the base Local IP.

This toggles

Enable

Disable

for this NAT entry.

Dynamic NAPT

This screen (below) is how the NAT IP Pool appears, if

Dynamic NAPT

parameter. Each entry, in this configuration, can be used to map a single global address and multiple, contiguous local addresses to each other.

was chosen for the Translation Mode

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

All of the parameters are the same as in Dynamic NAT, except the Global IP is a solitary, global address.

Global IP

♦

– this is a single, globally unique IP Address of the global interface (the interface to which it is

assigned, in this case, one of the WAN interfaces) that is valid on the Internet.

Static NAT

This screen (below) is how the NAT IP Pool appears, if

Static NAT

parameter. Each entry in this configuration is used to map a single global IP address a single local IP address.

was chosen for the Translation Mode

The parameters are described as follows:

Global IP

♦

interface.

Local IP

♦

– This is a single, global IP Address that is valid on the Internet, or on the same subnet of the global

– This is a single, local IP Address that is not valid on the Internet.

Static NAPT

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

This screen (below) is how the parameter. Each entry in this configuration can be used to map a global address and port to a local address and port. Notice that the global address will be the external IP address of the global interface.

NAT IP Pool

appears, if

Static NAPT

was chosen for the

Translation Mode

Port –

♦

In the above example, incoming packets with the global destination IP Address (211.11.22.2) and global destination TCP/UDP port (21) will be translated to a packet with the local destination IP Address (1.1.1.5) and local TCP/UDP port (21).

Port 21 is assigned to FTP servers. Please see 1700 for a more complete list.

This is a destination port number, used by TCP and UDP, to de-multiplex the incoming IP packet.

“Appendix D”

for more commonly assigned port numbers, or RFC

NAPT for Special Aps

Some applications programs that are used over the Internet such as Microsoft NetMeeting, Diablo, and CU See Me send information to a certain port number or within a specified range of port numbers. The exact port number used is specific to the application. However, if you find that you are having trouble using an application over the Internet and you are using NAPT, you may need to exempt certain port numbers from the NAPT port translation process. Please refer to the user guide for the program to find out whether it transmits and receives data only through specified IP port numbers. In order for these programs to work with NAPT, the IP port numbers required by these applications must be entered in the Configure NAPT for Special APs screen shown below.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

In the above window, position the cursor on any of the numbered name fields and press <Enter>. This will take you to the NAPT configuration screen for special applications shown below.

The fields in the above window are described as follows:

Protocol

♦

–

UDP

. This field designates the type of packets that will be acted on.

TCP

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Start Port

♦

– Some applications can only send data over a certain range of port numbers. Thus, all port numbers in the specified range must be exempt from the NAPT port translation process. This field defines the beginning range of the port numbers to be exempted from the NAPT port translation process.

End Port

♦

– This field defines the last port number in the range of numbers excluded from the NAPT process

(see Start Port above).

♦ Connection Type

–

OutgoingControl

IncomingData

. The user must initially run the special application and send a request to the application server on the Internet. This outgoing request to join a Netmeeting session, for example, is used to trigger the exemption process for the incoming data.

In the example for the game Diablo shown in the above screen, if a packet is sent out on the TCP port number 6112 (a request by a local user to a Diablo server on the Internet to join a group game), all incoming packets on the UDP port 6112 (game data) will not be translated by NAPT.

Please keep in mind that the user will always initiate use of the special application. Thus, the first entry should always have the Connection Type of Outgoing Control. Also, since the defined port number or range of port numbers will be mapped to the user who triggered the outgoing control, all incoming data will be sent to that user. Consequently, only one user can use the special application at a time.

Telnet/Discovery Enable

The fields in the above window are described as follows:

♦ Telnet State ♦ Discovery Function

- This feature enables or disables the router’s ability to be configured over the LAN using telnet.

– Enabling this feature allows the router to be auto-discovered by D-Link SNMP

management software and the included Windows-based configuration software called

RouterView

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

DNS Configuration

The DI-1162/DI-1162M router has a built in recursive DNS server. The maximum amount of memory that will be used by the router’s Domain Name Server is 64Kb which averages out to be about 800 entries. In other words, up to 800 domain names and their associated IP Addresses can be stored, which can significantly speed up access to those domains. The routers DNS table will age out about every 24 hours, ensuring that the most frequently accessed domains consistently benefit from the improved access times provided by using the routers own DNS.

The IP Addresses for domain names not stored in the router must be acquired from a DNS server on the Internet. Thus, if you are using DNS, make sure you also specify an IP Address to a DNS server in the Forward DNS queries

field.

The items in the above submenu are described as follows:

DNS Server State

♦ ♦ Lookup Host Table

– Enables or disables recursive DNS on this router.

– Enables or disables DNS to reference up to eight host names defined in the Host Table

shown below.

♦ DNS Domain Name

– The domain na me suffix in which the router resid es, to be appe nded to the host name

defined in the host table.

Forward DNS queries to

♦

– A large server dedicated to resolving domain names on the Internet. This field

should contain the IP Address for the DNS closest to you.

DNS Cache State –

♦

When this item is enabled, the router will add the domain names and IP Addresses it

retrieves from DNS queries to it’s own recursive DNS table.

Host Table –

♦

Select this item to access the screen below.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Host Table

The host table allows the router to recognize host names on the network. Up to eight host names can be entered in the table. Your network servers, especially your mail server should be defined here. Leftover places in the table can be assigned to individual hosts to speed up routing.

In the example below, the host name ctsnow is combined with the domain name defined in the

Configuration

example of ctsnow.dlink.com to the IP Address of 11.1.1.3 is only valid for computers which set the DI-1162/DI-1162M router as their DNS server.

submenu above (in this case, dlink.com) to produce ctsnow.dlink.com. The mapping in the

DNS

Items are described as follows:

♦ IP – ♦ Host Name – ♦ State –

The IP address for the host.

The host name used by the host.

Enables or disables entry.

RADIUS Configuration

RADIUS is a password protocol where passwords are stored on a RADIUS server. RADIUS allows large numbers of passwords to be stored in a centralized location. Before instituting RADIUS, please setup and install a RADIUS server on the LAN.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Items in the above submenu are described as follows:

♦ RADIUS State –

Type –

♦

Refers to the type of external password protocol. Currently, only RADIUS is supported.

♦ Server IP Address –

Port –

♦

The port number for the RADIUS server. The standard port number specified by RFC 1700 is 1812

Enables or disables RADIUS.

This is the IP Address of your UNIX or NT-based RADIUS server.

(shown above).

Key –

♦

This is a password used to identify the router as a valid RADIUS client.

Multi-Link PPP Configuration

Multi-link PPP (MLPPP) is a standard (RFC 1990 and RFC 1717) for inverse multiplexing, a method of combining individually dialed channels into a single, higher speed data stream. MLPPP is an extension of PPP that supports the ordering of data packets across multiple channels. Although MLPPP can be implemented on any WAN device, it was the rapid emergence of ISDN BRI as a cost efficient higher bandwidth alternative to modems which has driven the evolution and acceptance of MLPPP. Typically MLPPP is used to combine the speed of two ISDN BRI B-Channels to get 128Kbps of virtual capacity.

Before implementing MLPPP on the DI-1162/DI-1162M, please ensure that your ISP or the device to which you are connecting supports, and is configured for MLPPP.

MLPPP can be implemented in two ways, dynamically through the use of the Bandwidth on Demand (BOD), and statically. BOD causes the second WAN port to place a call and add bandwidth to the WAN connection when the BOD High Threshold is exceeded for the Add Bandwidth Delay period. Bandwidth can also be subtracted when WAN throughput fa lls below the BOD Low T hreshold and Subtract Bandwidth Del ay parameters. Thus, BOD economizes MLPPP by maintaining only the bandwidth needed.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

A static implementation of MLPPP is achieved when BOD is disabled but the WAN ports have Multi-Link enabled. In this case, when the two WAN ports have established a connection, the router will check to see if they are connected to the same source and whether the source supports MLPPP. If both conditions are met, the router will automatically bundle the two links together as an MLPPP connection.

Items in the screen are described as follows:

♦ Max Ports ♦ Bandwidth on Demand

– Maximum ports allowed per multi-link bundle.

– Enables or disables BOD. When enabled, BOD will manage the implementation of

MLPPP using the parameters defined in this window.

BOD Criteria

♦

– Either TX, RX or

TX or RX

, where TX is Transmit and RX is Receive. The parameter defined

here is used when monitoring the BOD High Threshold and BO D Low Threshold.

♦ BOD High Threshold (%)

– (0 to 100) The throughput value as a percentage of total bandwidth which will cause the next WAN port having Multi-Link PPP enabled to dial up and add bandwidth to the connection. This value, however, must be constantly exceeded for the time designated in the Add Bandwidth Delay field before the next WAN port dials out.

BOD Low Threshold (%)

♦

– (0 to 100) The throughput value as a percentage of total bandwidth which will cause the highest numbered WAN port in the MLPPP bundle to hang up, thus subtracting bandwidth from the connection. Before actually hanging up however, the throughput must be below this value for the time designated in the Subtract Bandwidth Delay field.

♦ Add Bandwidth Delay (sec)

– (0 to 999) The amount of time in seconds the router will wait and sample the BOD Criteria before adding bandwidth once the throughput exceeds the BOD High Threshold. This prevents costly bandwidth from being unnecessarily added due to temporary bursts in traffic.

♦ Subtract Bandwidth Delay (sec)

– (0 to 999) The amount of time in seconds the router will wait and sample the BOD Criteria before subtracting bandwidth once the throughput falls below the BOD Low Threshold. This prevents bandwidth from being unnecessarily subtracted due to temporary lulls in traffic.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The example Multi-link PPP settings shown in the WAN 1 and WAN 2 each have a 64 kps connection configured to dial up to the Internet. When WAN 1 receives a packet destined for the Internet it will dial the ISP and establish a conne ction. If the total throughput on WAN 1 (

TX or RX

If the traffic continuously exceeds 80% for the 5-second delay time, WAN 2 will dial up and add bandwidth to the connection. Assuming sustained traffic of 70 kps, MLPPP will balance the traffic on the two WAN ports so they are handling roughly 35 kps each. If the traffic on WAN 1 + WAN 2 falls below 20% of the 128 kps connection (25.6 kps) for more than 10 seconds, WAN 2 will hang up and all traffic will be handled by WAN 1.

For the above configuration to work, both WAN ports need to have been properly setup to establish dial-out PPP connections, and have Multi-Link enabled. Also note that WAN 1, being the lowest numbered WAN port in the MLPPP bundle and thus the primary link, is not subject to the BOD Low Threshold parameter and will never hang up due to BOD considerations.

Admin Configuration

This feature allows you to define two names and passwords, which are used t o login to the router for configura tion and management:

) ever exceeds 80% of the 64 kps (51.2 kps), the router will sample the line for an additional 5 seconds.

Multi-Link PPP Configuration

window above assumes that

Please note any changes made here as they are necessary for logging into the console program.

System Maintenance

Your DI-1162/DI-1162M provides useful tools for maintaining your device. These tools include updates on system status, upgrades to the system software, analysis, diagnostic tools, and more. This section will describe how to use these tools in greater detail.

System Maintenance

The

submenu appears as follows:

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

System Status

The

submenu displays key information about the router and appears as follows:

Counter

Under the Statistics item of the contained in MIB-II and the proprietary MIB. The table is updated every 5 seconds and can be reset by performing

System Maintenance

screen is a

Counter

menu that displays some of the counters

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

a system reset on the router. Note that performing a system reset clears ALL tables in the router, including the routing table. Select the desired entry from the screen below and then press <Enter>.

LAN 1

Items in the screen are described as follows:

♦ Tx Packets –

The total number of valid packets transmitted by the router since the last reset.

Tx Bytes –

♦

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

The total number of bytes transmitted by the router.

♦ Tx Discard Packets – ♦ Tx Error Packets –

The number of packets dropped by the router.

The number of invalid packets transmitted by the router. This hardware counter shows the

sum of Collisions, Abort, and Underrun packets.

♦ Tx Collision Packets –

The number of packets sent out of the router that collided on the line. Some collisions are inevitable due to the shared nature of Ethernet. Excessive collisions show excessive utilization of the network.

Tx Abort Packets –

♦

When the router transmits a packet and a collision occurs, the router will wait a random period and try to retransmit the packet. If a collision occurs 16 times in a row, the transmission will be aborted and be logged by this counter. An aborted packet shows extremely heavy utilization of the network.

Tx Underrun Packets –

♦

Runt packets. The number of packets transmitted by the router that are less than the allowed 64 octets minimum length. Underrun packets occur due to jam signals generated by collisions, backpressure, etc.

♦ Rx Packets – ♦ Rx Bytes –

Rx Unknown Packets –

♦

Rx Discard Packets –

♦ ♦ Rx Error Packets –

The number of valid packets received by the router.

The total number of bytes contained in the valid packets received by the router.

The number of packets received by the router that were of an unsupported protocol.

The number of packets dropped by the router.

The number of invalid packets received by the router. This hardware counter shows the

sum of CRC, FAE, Overrun, MPA and DFR error packets.

♦ Rx CRC Packets –

The number of packets received that failed the CRC checksum test.

♦ Rx FAE Packets –

Frame Alignment Error. The number of packets received that does not end on a byte

boundary and the CRC do es not match.

Rx Overrun Packets –

♦

The number of packets received that exceed the 1518-octet maximum length imposed

on Ethernet packets. Overrun packets are generated by some proprietary software applications.

♦ Rx MPA Packets –

Missed Packet. This is a count of packets intended for the router, but at the time, the

router could not receive the packet (usually due to the temporary lack of receive buffers).

♦ Rx DFR Packets –

Deferred Packets. This is a count of incidents where CRS (carrier signal lost) and COL both occur at the same time. These two events happen simultaneously as a result of jabber (produced by faulty networking equipment, usually NIC’s).

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

WAN 1

Items in the screen are described as follows:

♦ Tx Packets – ♦ Tx Bytes –

Tx Discard Packets –

♦

Tx Error Packets –

♦

The total number of valid packets transmitted by the router since the last reset.

The total number of bytes transmitted by the router.

The number of packets dropped by the router.

the number of invalid packets transmitted by the router. This hardware counter shows the

sum of Collisions, Abort, and Underrun packets.

♦ Tx Underrun Packets –

Runt packets. This counter shows the number of packets transmitted by the router that are less than the allowed 64-octet minimum length. Underrun packets occur due to jam signals generated by collisions, backpressure, etc.

Tx Lost CTS Packets –

♦

Rx Packets –

♦ ♦ Rx Bytes –

Rx Unknown Packets –

♦

Rx Discard Packets –

♦

The total number of packets received by the router.

The total number of bytes contained in packets received by the router.

♦ Rx Error Packets -

The number of Clear To Send packets that were lost by the router.

The number of packets received by the router that were of an unsupported protocol.

The number of packets dropped by the router.

Number of invalid packets received by the router. This hardware counter shows the sum of

NOA, Abort, CRC, Overrun, CD Lost, Framing, and Parity error packets.

♦ Rx NOA Packets –

Non-Octet Alignment. This counts the number of packets received by the router that did not end on a byte boundary. The receipt of a misaligned packet will generate a single NOA event regardless of the number of misaligned octets in the packet.

♦ Rx Abort Packet –

The number of packets that were dropped due to user generated breaks in the transmission that occurred while a packet is being received.

♦ Rx CRC Packets –

The number of packets received that failed the CRC checksum test.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Rx Overrun Packets –

♦

on Ethernet packets. Overrun packets are generated by some proprietary software applications.

The number of packets received that exceed the 1518 octet maximum length imposed

♦ Rx CD Lost Packets –

the router.

♦ Rx Framing Err Packets –

in sync mode. This parameter counts the number of lost start/stop flags.

Rx Parity Err Packets –

♦

Runtime Tables

Carrier Detect Lost. This counts the number of Carrier Detect packets that were lost by

Packets with framing errors can occur on the WAN port only when using HDLC

The number of times parity errors occurred on the line.

Please note that the IPX Routing Table and SAP Table will only appear on DI-1162M models.

IP Routing Table

The IP Routing Table gives you a snapshot of the IP routing table. Table entries will expire after the Age value in the table counts down to zero seconds (except for entries for the router itself which have an age value of zero but will never expire).

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

Items in the screen are described as follows:

♦ IP Address –

Netmask –

♦ ♦ Gateway –

This is the destination, network IP address from an incoming packet. This mask is received from RIP exchanges and internal calculations, as the router learns. This is the next-hop router for which the packet, with destination IP Address and qualifying

Netmask, will be forwarded.

♦ If –

This is the outgoing interface for which the acceptable, routing packet will be forwarded.

♦ Hops – ♦ Age/Cost2 –

♦ Owner –

This is the remaining hop-count.

This is the time-to-live (TTL) value.

This indicates who the routing table entry is added by.

means added by the router interface.

means added by a static route.

Other

means added by the entry received by RIP protocol.

RIP

ARP Table

This Address Resolution Protocol table displays how the router maps individual IP addresses to specific MAC addresses.

Local

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

IPX Routing Table

This table displays IPX topology information (DI-1162M only).

Items in the screen are described as follows:

Net No

♦ ♦ Next Node Address ♦ Interface – ♦ Hop –

– This displays the selected network number.

– This is the node address that will be used next.

This is the interface of this item.

This is the hop count.

DI-1162/DI-1162M Remote Access Router

SAP Table

This table displays Service Advertising Protocol information (DI-1162M only).

Items in the screen are described as follows:

♦ Name Network

Type

♦ ♦ Net No ♦ Node Addr ♦ Socket ♦ Hops

– This displays the type of service based on numbers and services defined by Novell.

–This displ ays the network number.

– This displays the socket number.

–This displays the hop count.

– This displays the selected name network.

– This displays the node address.

PPP Status

This table displays which PPP protocol is negotiated and its present status.

D-Link DI-1162M User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Introduction

Ease of Installation

Networking Compatibility

Product Features

LAN Port

Multiple WAN Ports

Expansion Slot/Modules

Dial on Demand

Full Network Management

Security

DHCP Support

Data Compression

Network Address Translation (NAT/NAPT)

Applications for the DI-1162/DI-1162M

Internet Access

Internet Security

Link Branch Offices

Local Routing

Telecommuting

What This Manual Doesn’t Cover

Additional Installation Requirements

Installation

Overview

Other Resources

Packing List

Identifying External Components

Site Installation

Rack Mounting

Installation and Initial Configuration of the Router

A Warning about Connecting Cables

Step 1 - Setting up the Console

Step 2 - Connecting the Console to the Router

Using the Console

Step 3 - Initial Configuration of the Router

Step 3a - Configuring the LAN Port

Step 3b - Configuring the WAN Ports for Dial-in, Dial-out and Leased Lines

Step 4 - Connecting the Router to a LAN

Step 5 - Connecting the Router to WAN Devices

Step 6 – Plugging in All Devices

Step 7 - Powering Up the DI-1162/DI-1162M

Configuration and Management

Console Program Main Menu

System Information

Interface Configuration

WAN Frame Relay Config

Network Configuration

IP Configuration

IP Stack Configuration

WAN Frame Relay IP Config

IP Static Route

IP Static Route Examples

OSPF Configuration

OSPF Area Configuration

OSPF Intf. Configuration

OSPF Virtual Intf. Configuration

Bridge Configuration

Bridge Settings

Static Bridge

IPX Configuration

IPX Stack Configuration

IPX Static Route

SPX Static Service

SNMP Agent Configuration

SNMP Community Configuration

SNMP Trap Manager

Advanced Functions

Remote Access Configuration

Remote Operation Overview

Dial-In User Connections

Remote Network Connections

Dial-In Network Connections

Dial-Out Network Connections

Dial Configuration

Dial In IP Pool

Dial Backup Configuration

WAN 1