Corel WordPerfect - 9 XML User’s Guide

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WordPerfect 9 XML

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Chapter 1 Working with SGML and XML .............5

Chapter 2 Developing XML projects ..............11

Compiling a Document Type Definition (DTD) ...........13

Working with mapping files ...............15

Defining the layout for an XML document ............21

Chapter 3 Working with catalog files .............27

Chapter 4 Creating and saving XML documents ...........41

Chapter 5 Formatting XML documents .............53

Formatting the page layout ..............58

Formatting text .................65

Numbering elements in XML documents ............72

Chapter 6 Working with elements ..............79

Chapter 7 Editing XML documents ..............89

Editing elements and attributes ..............90

Finding and replacing elements, tags, and text...........92

Using text and file references ..............94

Chapter 8 Working with tables, macros, and graphics .........99

Chapter 9 Managing documents ..............107

Chapter 10 Checking for errors ...............113

Chapter 11 Customizing the XML environment ...........117

Setting the WordPerfect DTD Compiler preferences ..........122

Setting the WordPerfect XML Project Designer preferences ........124

Table of contents iii

WORKING WITH SGML AND

XML 1

You can use the word processing power of WordPerfect 9 to create, edit, retrieve, validate, and save documents created with the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) or eXtensible Markup Language (XML). Although the user interface is now XML oriented, all the SGML functionality that was available in WordPerfect 8 is available in WordPerfect 9.

WordPerfect supports SGML and XML through

 the XML editing component within WordPerfect itself — lets you create,

edit, retrieve, and save SGML or XML documents

 the WordPerfect DTD Compiler — lets you create a WordPerfect template

(.WPT) from a Document Type Definition (DTD). The compiler is available from within the WordPerfect XML Project Designer

 the WordPerfect XML Project Designer — lets you assign formatting to

SGML/XML elements while they are being edited in WordPerfect

Within the WordPerfect XML editing environment, the XML tree view provides an easy-to-read document structure. When you edit SGML or XML documents, you can perform any task that you normally perform on WordPerfect documents while still having the ability to validate and save documents in an SGML or XML format.

The XML components of WordPerfect are included in a Typical Installation. After you have installed WordPerfect, you can

 define an XML project

Working with SGML and XML 5

 compile your Document Type Definition and create a WordPerfect

template

 create a layout for the XML document

 work within the WordPerfect XML editing environment to create an XML

document

To install the XML components of WordPerfect when WordPerfect is already installed on your personal computer, do a Custom Installation, then select the XML components.

Using SGML with Word Perfect 9

All the SGML functionality that was available in WordPerfect 8 is available in WordPerfect 9. When you work with SGML documents, you can

 open, edit, validate, and save documents

 format documents

 add bulleted or numbered lists

 add graphics

 create cross-references and tables of contents

While the user interface has been updated to be XML oriented, all menu commands and dialog boxes can still be used with SGML. Although the Document Type feature used in previous versions of WordPerfect is no longer needed in WordPerfect 9, the control information contained in the Document Type can still be accessed when you are working with previous version SGML documents. To update a previous version SGML document, you can copy the Document Type information to a WordPerfect template.

For more information about Document Types, see “Understanding Document Types” on page 9 and “Copying Document Type entries to a WordPerfect template” on page 9.

Learning more about XML

You can use the WordPerfect XML Tutorial to learn more about creating and working with XML documents. To access the tutorial, open the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, then click Help, XML Tutorial.

For more information

For information about SGML and XML, see the following:

 “What are SGML and XML?” on page 7

 “Why use SGML or XML?” on page 8

6 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 1

 “Understanding Document Types” on page 9

 “Copying Document Type entries to a WordPerfect template” on page

What’s new

Following is a brief description of the changes you will notice when creating XML documents.

New look

The interface is XML oriented, while the WordPerfect XML Project Designer has replaced the Layout Designer of WordPerfect 8. Not only can you create your layout files using the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, but you can also access the WordPerfect DTD Compiler.

New functionality

The SGML functionality that was present in WordPerfect 8 has been enhanced to support XML (both UTF8 and UTF16 encodings). Document handling has been simplified so that a single WordPerfect template contains the compiled DTD, the layout file, and the Alias file. This makes it much easier to distribute XML documents. Also, processing instructions and marked sections are now supported in the editing environment.

New getting started process

The process of creating XML documents has been streamlined to let you launch the WordPerfect XML Project Designer from within WordPerfect. A new wizard guides you through the process of creating an XML project.

What are SGML and XML?

What is SGML?

SGML is an open international standard (ISO 8879) issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The SGML standard provides a platform and application-independent environment for defining document architecture and document markup.

Because SGML isolates the formatting from the document content, you can transfer both the document text and its associated formatting across platforms and between applications. In SGML, elements form the structural building blocks of a document. For example, the structure of a book can be broken down into elements, such as a title page, a table of contents, chapters, appendices, a glossary, and an index.

Working with SGML and XML

The SGML standard provides a method for defining each element in the content of a document. This allows advanced formatting to be applied to the SGML document so that the same content can be printed multiple ways without changing or converting the content. For example, you can print a book as a hard bound version and as a paperback version, which uses a smaller page size, font and different margins without changing the content file. Similarly, the same content can be published to the Internet or manipulated by a computer application to suit a specific purpose.

What is XML?

XML is a simplified version of SGML. XML is an open international standard issued by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Like SGML, XML provides a platform and application-independent environment for defining document architecture and document markup. XML gives you the power of SGML without the complexity.

Why use SGML or XML?

There are many advantages to using SGML or XML. Both do the following:

 eliminate the problem of having to visually search a document to find a

specific type of information, such as keywords or prices. With SGML or XML, complex searches can be done on minute elements of information, such as “all titles” or “the preface,” in the document structure.

 standardize information by formalizing and enforcing document structure.

The document structure is specified in the Document Type Definition (DTD) associated with an SGML or XML document. The SGML or XML document is validated in accordance with the rules laid out in the DTD.

 allow you to create your own DTDs or author to existing DTDs to

structure the information for specific purposes. Many organizations have developed or are in the process of developing DTDs to allow the exchange of information to take place in XML. This ensures information file formats that are not proprietary.

 make information reuse and distribution easier because the document

content is separated from the document formatting. For example, an order form document might contain item names, order dates, part numbers, prices, quantity ordered, the selling agent’s name, and other information for a company. The shipping department needs to know order dates, part numbers, and quantity, but doesn’t require the prices or the agent’s name. On the other hand, the accounting department needs the name, quantity, prices, and agent’s name, but has no use for the part numbers or order dates. In this case, both departments can use the same document and simply extract only the information that they require.

8 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 1

 allow you to add meaning to document information. Whereas HTML

(HyperText Markup Language) is a fixed markup language, SGML and XML are both flexible markup languages. For example, a document created in HTML uses a fixed set of tags such as <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, and <p>.

On the other hand, SGML and XML provide the flexibility to create your own tags. By using descriptive tags, you add meaning to the document information. For example, a document created in XML could use the tags <model>, <year>, <color>,<mileage>, and <price>.

Adding meaning to document information allows complex queries to be performed on specific document elements. For example, “Find all Mercury Tracers with less than 100 000 kilometers that are selling for $3000 or less.” It also allows calculations to be performed on specific document elements.

Understanding Document Types

Document Types were used in previous versions of WordPerfect to describe the control information for the editing of SGML documents. They were also used to store the logic file (.LGC), the Alias file (.LNM), and associated layout files (.LSI) that you needed to create or view an SGML document. The Document Type information was stored in the registry with the full path file names of the files to be used. The Document Type information was also saved with the SGML document. When an SGML document was opened in WordPerfect, the Document Type information stored with the document was compared against the Document Type information in the registry. If the registry did not contain a matching entry then a new Document Type entry was created in the registry.

In WordPerfect 9, the Document Type information is still read and compared to the Document Type information in the registry when you open a WordPerfect SGML document. As before, if a matching entry does not exist in the registry one is created.

When you import an SGML document created with a previous version of WordPerfect, WordPerfect uses the Document Type information stored with the document to access the LGC, LSI, and LNM files.

Copying Document Type entries to a WordPerfect template

When importing SGML documents created with previous versions of WordPerfect, you need to first copy the Document Type entries to a WordPerfect template. WordPerfect uses this information to access certain key files such as the Alias and logic files before opening the document.

Working with SGML and XML

To copy Document Type entries to a WordPerfect template

1 Click the Start button on the Windows taskbar, then click Programs,

WordPerfect Office 2000, Utilities, WordPerfect XML Project Designer.

2 Click File, Document Types.

3 Choose a Document Type from the Types list box.

4 Click one of the following buttons:

 Create — creates a new project, category, and template based on the

Document Type information of the Document Type selected in step 3.

 Copy — copies Document Type information from the Document Type

selected in step 3 to the project selected in the Categories/Projects box.

 Older versions of WordPerfect cannot access the template data nor

Document Type information when this information is created using WordPerfect 9.

Before you begin

Before you begin working with XML in WordPerfect, you should

 have mastered the basics of WordPerfect

 be familiar with the function and role of markup languages

 be familiar with the structure of XML documents

If this is the first time you’ve used XML with WordPerfect, you should complete the WordPerfect XML tutorial, which will guide you through the creation of a simple XML document. To access the tutorial, go to the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, then click Help, XML Tutorial.

10 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 1

DEVELOPING XML PROJECTS 2

There are seven steps involved in creating XML documents using WordPerfect.

Choosing a Document Type Definition (DTD)

Before you can create an XML project, you must decide which DTD you will be using.

Many industries have developed DTDs specific to their needs. The Department of Defense has created DTDs to support the CALS initiative. The Internet Engineering Task Force has created several versions of DTDs used to create documents for the World Wide Web. These DTDs and others are included with WordPerfect. When you develop an XML project, you must include a compiled DTD or an existing logic file.

Defining an XML project

Each XML document is associated with a category and project. If you open an existing XML document that is not associated with a project, you will be prompted to define the category and project names. Every XML project consists of a category name, a project name, a WordPerfect template, and a catalog file.

Creating a WordPerfect template

Each XML project consists of a WordPerfect template that incorporates a compiled DTD, a layout file (.LSI), an Alias file, a character mapping file, and a catalog file. SGML projects also include an SGML Declaration file. You can

Developing XML projects 11

easily e-mail XML documents to others by sending the WordPerfect template and the XML document.

Compiling a Document Type Definition

The structure of an XML document is typically based on the rules defined in the DTD. These rules are incorporated into a WordPerfect template.

Defining the layout for an XML document

The format for an XML document is defined by rules you create using the WordPerfect XML Project Designer. These rules are incorporated into a WordPerfect template. You can also choose to create a generic layout that makes XML documents more readable when you are working in the WordPerfect XML editing environment.

Specifying a catalog file

You must specify a catalog file for the WordPerfect template. This catalog file contains references to external information that is required by the XML document. Two catalog files are supplied with WordPerfect: Compile.cat and Import.cat.

 Compile.cat is the file that the WordPerfect DTD Compiler will try to

use if you do not supply a different file

 Import.cat is the default catalog file used when importing SGML/XML

documents. It contains entries that match up the PUBLIC and SYSTEM identifiers in the DTD and/or the root element name to the appropriate WordPerfect Template file

Creating the XML document in WordPerfect

You create XML documents within the WordPerfect XML editing environment.

Defining an XML project

When you create a new XML document, you first define the category in which you want the XML document classified. You must also define a name for the project template upon which the XML document will be based. When you open an XML document that is not associated with a project, you will be prompted for a category and project name.

To define an XML project for a new document

1 Click the Start button on the Windows taskbar, then click Programs,

WordPerfect Office 2000, WordPerfect 9.

12 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 2

2 Click File, New XML Document.

3 Click the New button.

4 Follow the prompts to create an XML project.

To define an XML project using an existing XML document

1 Click the Start button on the Windows taskbar, then click Programs,

WordPerfect Office 2000, WordPerfect 9.

2 Click File, Open.

3 Choose the drive where the document is stored from the Look In list box.

4 Double-click the folder where the document is stored.

5 Double-click the document name.

 If you know where a file is located, you can type the full path and filename

in the File Name text box.

 To select from a list of recently opened files, click the arrow located next

to the File Name text box.

Compiling a Document Type Definition (DTD)

Document Type Definitions (DTDs) define the components and structure of a document. WordPerfect uses DTD information to tag and validate documents. But DTDs are normally stored as ASCII text files for SGML documents or UNICODE files for XML documents, which WordPerfect cannot access efficiently. To use the DTD information, the WordPerfect DTD Compiler compiles the DTD into a logic file (.LGC) and creates a WordPerfect template that incorporates the compiled DTD, the layout file (.LSI), and the Alias (.LNM) files.

When you use the WordPerfect DTD Compiler, you must

 compile your DTD file or WordPerfect will not be able to use it

 specify a catalog file if external entities are referenced in the DTD you are

using (or if they are referenced with PUBLIC identifiers in the SGML declaration). You need to create a catalog file before you compile the DTD to a WordPerfect template. SYSTEM external entities, for which the SYSTEM identifier is a filename or full path name, may have a matching entry in a catalog file but do not require one.

For more information about catalog entry files and other mapping files, see “Working with mapping files” on page 15.

Developing XML projects

You can run the WordPerfect DTD Compiler as a standalone application by creating a shortcut to D2LWIN9.EXE located in the \PROGRAM FILES\COREL\WORDPERFECT OFFICE 2000\PROGRAMS folder.

 If the SGML declaration you are using contains more than one BASESET

definition, your catalog entry file must contain a PUBLIC entry with an identifier matching that of the BASESET. For more information about BASESET mappings, see “Mapping 8-bit ASCII characters to WordPerfect characters” on page 17.

 As part of the compiling process, WordPerfect checks the DTD for syntax

errors. The WordPerfect DTD Compiler will not create a WordPerfect template if it finds any errors in the DTD. Compiling errors are displayed in the WordPerfect DTD Compiler Log window. For more information on an error, double-click the error in the Log window.

 By default, the WordPerfect DTD Compiler creates WordPerfect

templates in the \PROGRAM FILES\COREL\WORDPERFECT OFFICE 2000\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM WP TEMPLATES\XML folder. To access the WP templates files in WordPerfect, you can specify this location as the default folder in the file settings. For more information about file settings, see “Setting the WordPerfect DTD Compiler preferences” on page 122.

Compiling a Document Type Definition (DTD)

When you compile a Document Type Definition (DTD), the WordPerfect DTD Compiler reads the DTD you specify and creates a logic file (.LGC). The logic file is incorporated into a WordPerfect template along with the other required files you specify. WordPerfect then uses the information in the template to validate your documents.

To compile a DTD

1 Click the Start button on the Windows taskbar, then click Programs,

WordPerfect Office 2000, Utilities, WordPerfect XML Project Designer.

2 Click File, DTD Compile.

3 Enable any of the following check boxes:

 Compile DTD As XML — specifies that the DTD be compiled as XML

 Interpret ‘-’ Character As [- Hyphen] — specifies that the ‘-’ character

is interpreted as a hyphen rather than a non-wrapping dash character

4 Locate the files in each of the following boxes:

14 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 2

 DTD (Input) File — lets you specify the name and location of the DTD

file upon which the document structure is based

 WP Template (Output) File — lets you specify the name and location of

the WordPerfect template

 SGML Declaration File — lets you specify the name and location of the

SGML Declaration file. This box is not available when you are compiling as XML.

 WP Char Mapping File — lets you specify the name and location of the

character mapping file. This box is not available when you are compiling as XML.

5 Click the Compile button.

 The active catalog files specified in the Catalog File Manager

automatically appear in the Catalog Files box of the WordPerfect DTD Compiler. Catalog files contain references to external information needed to create the XML document.

 DTDs for SGML documents are stored as ASCII text files while DTDs for

XML documents are stored as UNICODE files.

Working with mapping files

When you compile a DTD, you must include mapping files if your XML or SGML document contains information that is available only through external entities references.

WordPerfect contains the following mapping files:

 WordPerfect character mapping files that map characters defined in the

DTD. This type of mapping file is not used when you compile a DTD as XML.

 BASESET mapping files. This type of mapping file is not used when you

compile a DTD as XML.

 Catalog files.

The WordPerfect character mapping files and the BASESET mapping files are located in the folder \PROGRAM FILES\COREL\WORDPERFECT OFFICE 2000\XML\DTD\MAPFILES. The catalog files are located in the \PROGRAM FILES\COREL\WORDPERFECT OFFICE 2000\XML\DTD folder.

You can use these files directly, or you can use them as examples for creating your own external mapping files.

Developing XML projects

Mapping WordPerfect characters to SGML entities

You can use a WordPerfect character mapping file to map WordPerfect characters (also called Corel symbols) and certain WordPerfect function codes to SGML entity names.

This character-mapping capability lets you place WordPerfect characters such as á or ö in your documents. You do not have to replace these characters with entity references when you save your documents. For example, if you map á to the entity name aacute, you can insert an “á” into your documents. When you save your documents to XML format, this character is output as the entity reference áDT_.

If you do not use WordPerfect character mapping, you must replace all non-ASCII WordPerfect Characters with their corresponding entity references or enclose the characters in WP DATA codes.

Understanding WordPerfect character mapping

The WordPerfect character mapping file defines which WordPerfect Characters correspond to the character entities defined in the DTD. The file is in an ASCII format and contains one or more character mapping entries. Each character mapping entry corresponds to a particular entity name in a set of character entities and specifies the following two fields of information in this order:

 Field 1: WordPerfect Character Number or WordPerfect Function Name

 Field 2: Entity Name

For example, here are three declarations from the public “Added Latin 1" character set.

<!ENTITY aacute SDATA —small a, acute accent—>

<!ENTITY AELIg SDATA —capital AE diphthong (ligature)—>

<!ENTITY ouml SDATA —small o, dieresis or umlaut—>

Here are the corresponding character mapping entries in a WordPerfect character mapping file:

1,27 aacute —small a, acute accent—

1,36 AELig —capital AE diphthong (ligature)—

1,63 ouml —small o, dieresis or umlaut mark—

In this example, WordPerfect character 1,27 corresponds to the entity name aacute; DT_ character 1,36 corresponds to AElig; DT_ and so on.

16 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 2

Character mapping entries and their individual fields may be separated by any combination of spaces, tabs, carriage returns, line feeds, or SGML comments.

WordPerfect function names

WordPerfect character mapping is used when compiling DTDs as SGML and allows you to map entity names to the WordPerfect functions listed below. If the DTD you are using references automatic ISO entity mapping for the ISOnum set, the three entities listed in the ISO Entity Name column will automatically be mapped to the associated WordPerfect function.

WordPerfect Function Mapping Name ISO Entity Name

[HPg] HARDPAGE --

[HSpace] HARDSPC nbsp

[- Hyphen] HYPHEN hyphen

[HyphSRt] HYPHSRT --

[- Soft Hyphen] SOFTHYPH Shy

Because XML is based on UNICODE, WordPerfect character mapping files are not used when you compile DTDs as XML. The following WordPerfect functions are automatically mapped to the UNICODE characters listed below.

WordPerfect Function UNICODE character

[HSpace] 0x00A0

[- Hyphen] 0x2010

[- Soft Hyphen] 0x00AD

Mapping 8-bit ASCII characters to WordPerfect characters

The CHARSET section in the SGML declaration provides a way to map 8-bit ASCII characters (characters 129-255) to WordPerfect characters (also called Corel symbols). If you map these characters, WordPerfect substitutes the correct 8-bit ASCII character for a WordPerfect character when a document is saved in SGML format. WordPerfect also substitutes the correct WordPerfect character for the 8-bit ASCII character when you retrieve an SGML file.

Developing XML projects

WordPerfect characters are mapped to the corresponding 8-bit characters beginning in the BASESET and DESCSET portion of the SGML declaration. The following is a sample BASESET section of an SGML declaration:

BASESET

“ISO Registration Number 100//CHARSET ECMA-94 Right Part of Latin Alphabet Nr. 1//ESC 2/13 4/1"

DESCSET

128 32 UNUSED

160 94 160

254 1 255

255 1 UNUSED

The numbers in the third column of the DESCSET portion refer to character positions in the specified BASESET. The BASESET must be mapped in the catalog entry file as a PUBLIC entity of type CHARSET. This entity must be in the form of a BASESET mapping file.

 The WordPerfect DTD Compiler does not allow the BASESET and

DESCSET portion of the SGML declaration to modify characters 0-127 in the document character set. These characters are always declared as defined in ISO 8879.

Entity files and mapping files included with WordPerfect

WordPerfect contains the following entity declaration files, WordPerfect character mapping files, catalog entry files, and BASESET mapping files that you can use with the WordPerfect DTD Compiler:

The SGML Entity Declaration files, the WordPerfect character mapping files, and the BASESET Mapping files are located in the folder \PROGRAM FILES\COREL\WORDPERFECT OFFICE 2000\XML\DTD\MAPFILES. The catalog files are located in the \PROGRAM FILES\COREL\WORDPERFECT OFFICE 2000\XML\DTD folder.

You can use these files directly or you can use them as examples for creating your own external mapping files.

18 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 2

SGML entity declaration files (*.ENT)

Use the ISO*.ENT files to access the public ISO character entity sets described in section D.4 of the SGML standard, ISO 8879-1986(E). The WP*.ENT files can be used to access the WordPerfect character entity sets included with WordPerfect. You can use these files directly or as examples for creating your own external entity files.

ISOAMSA.ENT ISOLAT1.ENT

ISOAMSB.ENT ISOLAT2.ENT

ISOAMSC.ENT ISONUM.ENT

ISOAMSN.ENT ISOPUB.ENT

ISOAMSO.ENT ISOTECH.ENT

ISOAMSR.ENT WPSET1.ENT

ISOBOX.ENT WPSET3.ENT

ISOCYR1.ENT WPSET4.ENT

ISOCYR2.ENT WPSET5.ENT

ISODIA.ENT WPSET6.ENT

ISOGRK1.ENT WPSET7.ENT

ISOGRK2.ENT WPSET8.ENT

ISOGRK3.ENT WPSET9.ENT

ISOGRK4.ENT

WordPerfect character mapping files (*.WPC)

The *.WPC files contain the WordPerfect character entity sets and ISO character entity sets. You can use these files directly or as examples for creating your own WordPerfect character entity sets.

Allchars.wpc Isodia.wpc

Iso8879.wpc Isogrk1.wpc

Isoamsa.wpc Isogrk2.wpc

Isoamsb.wpc Isogrk3.wpc

Isoamsc.wpc Isogrk4.wpc

Isoamsn.wpc Isolat2.wpc

Isoamso.wpc Isonum.wpc

Isoamsr.wpc Isopub.wpc

Developing XML projects

Isobox.wpc Isotech.wpc

Isocyr1.wpc Wpchars.wpc

Isocyr2.wpc

Catalog files (.CAT)

IMPORT.CAT

COMPILE.CAT

BASESET mapping files (*.SET)

BASESET mapping files are activated in an SGML declaration and are not used in XML. A BASESET mapping file is an ASCII file that describes a BASESET of characters in terms of WordPerfect Characters. This file contains one or more BASESET mapping entries. Each BASESET mapping entry corresponds to a particular character in the BASESET being described and specifies the following two fields of information:

 The decimal number representing the character’s position in the

BASESET.

 The character set and character number of the WordPerfect character that

most closely matches the BASESET character.

For example, the following three entries are from ECMA94.SET, the BASESET mapping file describing the ECMA-94 Latin 1 BASESET:

161 4,7

162 4,19 —Cent—

163 4,11

Any character not described by a BASESET mapping entry is assumed to be mapped to WordPerfect character 0,0 and is considered UNUSED.

BASESET mapping entries and their individual fields may be separated by any combination of spaces, tabs, carriage returns, line feeds, or SGML comments.

You can use the *.SET files (BASESET mapping files) to map 8-bit ASCII characters to WordPerfect Characters (also called Corel Symbols). The CP*.SET files correspond to IBM code pages. ECMA94.SET corresponds to the ECMA-94 Latin 1 BASESET defined by the European Computer

20 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 2

—Inverted

Exclamation Point—

—Pound/Sterling—

Manufacturers Associations and used in the sample SGML declaration in ISO

8879.

CP333.SET CP8601.SET

CP437.SET CP861.SET

CP850.SET CP863.SET

CP851.SET CP865.SET

CP8510.SET CP866.SET

CP852.SET CP8660.SET

CP853.SET CP895.SET

CP860.SET CP897.SET

CP8600.SET ECMA94.SET

 If a WordPerfect character is mapped to both a BASESET character and an

entity name, the BASESET mapping will take precedence when a document is validated or saved to SGML. In other words, the WordPerfect character is treated as an 8-bit SGML character rather than an entity reference.

Defining the layout for an XML document

You use the WordPerfect XML Project Designer to define one or more layouts for an XML document by creating element rules that associate formatting with each element in your document. This determines how an XML document displays and prints.

WordPerfect includes several sample template files with a defined layout. You can use these template files and the associated layouts, or you can use them as examples for creating your own templates and layouts.

The sample templates are installed in the \PROGRAM FILES\COREL\WORDPERFECT OFFICE 2000\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM WP TEMPLATES\XML folder.

You can associate as many as ten layout files with an XML document so that you can change the look of a document without changing the actual XML markup.

When you work with layout files, you can

 create a generic layout that makes it easier to read XML documents in the

WordPerfect XML Editor

Developing XML projects

 format an XML document by creating a new document layout

 copy element rules from one layout file to another

 choose and apply layout files

 edit layout files

 edit and move formatting codes

 If you associate a new layout file with an existing XML document that

contains elements that are not defined in the current WordPerfect template, these elements appear as unknown elements in the Element list (for example, [Unknown] Memo). Elements with invalid parent elements, attributes, or attribute values appear as invalid elements in the Element list (for example, [Invalid]).

Creating a generic layout

You can create a generic layout that makes it easier to read XML documents in the WordPerfect XML Editor. For example, when the following XML document:

<Book><Chapter><Title>Learning about the World Wide Web<\Title><Para>You will find a lot of information on the World Wide Web</Para><Para>It is <emphasis>really</emphasis> cool!</Para></Chapter></Book>

is displayed in the WordPerfect XML Editor with a generic layout, it appears as:

<Book>

<Title>Learning about the World Wide Web<\Title>

<Para>You will find a lot of information on the World Wide Web</Para>

<Para>It is <emphasis>really</emphasis> cool!</Para>

</Chapter>

</Book>

To create a generic layout

1 Create an XML document.

2 Click the XML button on the Property Bar, then choose Edit Layout.

22 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 2

3 Click Tools, Create Generic Rules.

4 Click File, Save.

5 Type a name for the generic layout in the Layout Name box, then click the

Save button.

6 Click File, Exit.

 If the Save command is unavailable, click File, Save As. The XML

document already has a layout file associated with it.

 You must save the XML document with the new generic layout and

reopen the XML document in the WordPerfect XML Editor to see the changes.

 You can also create a generic layout when you create an XML document

using the wizard.

 You can also access the WordPerfect XML Project Designer by clicking

the Edit Layout button.

Creating a new document layout

You can create a new layout for an XML document without changing the XML markup. You must open or define an XML project before creating a new document layout.

To create a new document layout

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, click File, New, Layout.

2 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

3 Format the element.

For more information, see “Formatting XML documents” on page 53.

4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 until all the elements you require are in the Edit

Rule List box.

 You can also create a new document layout by clicking the Layout button.

Developing XML projects

Copying layout definitions from one layout file to another

You can quickly create new layout files by copying element rules that associate formatting with each element in an XML document from one layout file to another.

To copy layout definitions from one layout file to another

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open an existing layout file.

2 Click File, Retrieve.

3 Choose the Category and Project from the Categories/Projects list box.

4 Type the name of the WordPerfect template in the File Name box.

5 Click the Retrieve button.

 To add the Retrieve button to the toolbar, click Tools, Settings, Toolbar

Edit. From the File category, choose Retrieve, then click the Add button.

Choosing a layout and applying it to an XML document

You can select a layout and apply it to your document. You must have an XML document opened to access the XML button on the Property Bar.

To select a layout and apply it to an XML document

1 In WordPerfect, click the XML button on the Property Bar, then click

Layouts.

2 Choose a layout from the Layouts box, then click the Select button.

Editing a document layout

You can define or modify element rules that associate formatting with each element in an XML document. You must have an XML document opened to access the XML button on the Property Bar.

To edit a document layout

1 In WordPerfect, click the XML button on the Property Bar, then click Edit

Layout.

2 Double-click the layout file you want to edit.

3 Choose an element from the Elements list box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

24 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 2

4 Define a format of the element.

For more information, see “Formatting XML documents” on page 53.

 You can also access the WordPerfect XML Project Designer from

WordPerfect by clicking the Edit Layout button on the toolbar.

 You can also open a layout file in the WordPerfect XML Project Designer

using the File, Open command.

Editing, moving, and deleting formatting codes

Formatting codes are applied to the selected element in the order that they appear in the Rule Entry boxes of the WordPerfect XML Project Designer. You can change this order by moving formatting codes up or down. You cannot edit all formatting codes.

To edit formatting codes

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Choose an element from the Element Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit

Rule.

3 Choose the code you want to edit from the Rule Entry For Start Tag box,

the Rule Entry For End Tag (Before Revert) box, or the Rule Entry For End Tag (After Revert) box.

4 Click the Edit Rule button.

5 Make your changes.

 You can also edit a formatting code by double-clicking on the code or by

choosing the formatting code and clicking the Edit Entry button.

To move formatting codes

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Choose an element from the Element Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit

Rule.

Developing XML projects

3 Choose the code you want to move from the Rule Entry For Start Tag box,

the Rule Entry For End Tag (Before Revert) box, or the Rule Entry For End Tag (After Revert) box.

4 Click one of the following buttons:

 Move Up — moves the code up one place in the list

 Move Down — moves the code down one place in the list

To delete formatting codes

1 Choose a formatting code from the Rule Entry For Start Tag box, the Rule

Entry For End Tag (Before Revert) box, or the Rule Entry For End Tag (After Revert) box.

2 Click the Delete Entry button.

Exiting the WordPerfect XML Project Designer

When you exit the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, you are prompted to save changes to the project file unless there have been no changes since the last time you saved it.

To exit the WordPerfect XML Project Designer

 Click File, Exit.

 To add the Exit button to the toolbar, click Tools, Settings, Toolbar Edit. In

the File categories, select Exit, then click Add Button.

26 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 2

WORKING WITH CATALOG

FILES 3

Catalog files provide a method for locating external information referenced from a DTD or document. DTDs reference information such as markup declarations for elements, entities, and attributes. Documents often reference external blocks of text, or non-textual information such as graphics and sound.

The format of the catalog file is defined by the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS). The most common catalog file entries map a PUBLIC or SYSTEM identifier to a file on your system. WordPerfect 9 uses the proprietary keywords WPT_PUBLIC, WPT_SYSTEM and WPT_ROOT to locate the appropriate WordPerfect template file using the information from a document’s DOCTYPE declaration.

For more information about catalog files, see the following:

 “What is a catalog file” on page 28

 “Learning about catalog entries and proprietary catalog entry types” on

page 28

 “Performing a catalog lookup” on page 35

 “How the WordPerfect DTD Compiler uses catalog files” on page 38

 “How WordPerfect 9 uses catalog files” on page 38

Working with catalog files 27

What is a catalog file?

A catalog file is a text file that links an entity’s name or external identifier to a filename on a particular system. When an SGML or XML processor encounters an external entity reference in a DTD or document instance, it must have a way to locate the entity’s content. The catalog file provides an application-independent way to map a PUBLIC or SYSTEM identifier to the actual file containing an entity’s content.

The format of a catalog file is defined by the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS), an industry consortium formerly known as SGML Open. For more information, see the OASIS Technical Resolution on “Entity Management” at http://www.oasis-open.org/html/a401.htm on the OASIS web site.

Learning about Catalog Entries

A catalog file consists of one or more catalog entries. The catalog file format defines the following catalog entry types:

PUBLIC

The PUBLIC catalog entry type is the one most commonly used. It maps a public identifier to a filename. For example:

PUBLIC “ISO 8879:1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN”

“isolat1.ent”

This catalog entry would match an entity declared and referenced in the following manner:

<!ENTITY % ISOlat1 PUBLIC “ISO 8879:1986//ENTITIES Added Latin

1//EN”>

%ISOlat1;

A catalog entry of type PUBLIC may also be used to match the public identifier associated with the BASESET, CAPACITY, and SYNTAX portions of an SGML declaration, and with the public identifier (if any) specified in a DOCTYPE declaration.

ENTITY

The ENTITY catalog entry type maps an entity name to a filename. For example:

ENTITY “%WPtable”

“wptable.dtd”

28 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 3

This catalog entry would match an entity declared and referenced in the following manner:

<!ENTITY % WPtable SYSTEM>

%WPtable;

The ENTITY catalog entry type is used for entities that are declared as “external” by virtue of the SYSTEM keyword, but for which no explicit system identifier is provided.

Notice that the entity name present in the catalog entry begins with the ‘%’ character. This catalog entry will only match a parameter entity with the name “WPtable”. The corresponding catalog entry for a general entity with the same name would omit the leading ‘%’ character:

ENTITY “WPtable”

“wptable.dtd”

SYSTEM

The SYSTEM catalog entry type maps a system identifier to a filename. For example:

SYSTEM “mychars.ent”

“c:\MyFiles\mychars.ent”

This catalog entry would match an entity declared and referenced in the following manner:

<!ENTITY % FunChars SYSTEM “mychars.ent”>

%FunChars;

A catalog entry of type SYSTEM may also be used to match the system identifier (if any) specified in a DOCTYPE declaration.

 A matching SYSTEM catalog entry takes precedence over a matching

PUBLIC or ENTITY catalog entry. For example, an external entity is declared and referenced as follows:

<!ENTITY % ISOlat1 PUBLIC “ISO 8879:1986//ENTITIES Added Latin

1//EN” “junk.ent”>

%ISOlat1;

And, the following catalog entries existed in the catalog file:

PUBLIC “ISO 8879:1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN”

Working with catalog files

“isolat1.ent”

ENTITY “%ISOlat1"

“isolat1.txt”

SYSTEM “junk.ent”

“c:\autoexec.bat”

Although all three catalog entries match the information from the entity declaration, the SYSTEM catalog entry has the highest priority. Thus, the application will try to process the “autoexec.bat” file in place of the %ISOlat1; reference.

DOCTYPE

The DOCTYPE catalog entry type maps the document type name found in a document type declaration to a filename. For example:

DOCTYPE “book”

“book.dtd”

This catalog entry would match the external subset referenced in the following manner:

<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM>

 The external identifier may also include explicit public and/or system

identifiers, in which case the DOCTYPE entry would only be tested after searching for a matching SYSTEM entry and PUBLIC entry.

Partially supported catalog entry types

The following catalog entry types are not currently used in WordPerfect 9:

 NOTATION

 LINKTYPE

 SGMLDECL

 DTDDECL

 DOCUMENT

 DELEGATE

 CATALOG

30 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 3

 OVERRIDE

 BASE

Although these types are considered valid, and are preserved, they are not otherwise acted upon.

For more information on these catalog entry types, see the OASIS documentation mentioned above.

Proprietary catalog entry types

The OASIS catalog file specification allows for non-standard catalog entry types. WordPerfect 9 makes use of 3 proprietary catalog entry types to streamline the opening of XML and SGML documents:

WPT_PUBLIC

The WPT_PUBLIC catalog entry type maps the public identifier from a document’s DOCTYPE declaration to the filename of a WordPerfect template (.WPT) file:

WPT_PUBLIC “-//Corel//DTD Book Model//EN”

“book.wpt”

This catalog entry would match the public identifier in situations similar to one of the following:

<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC “-//Corel//DTD Book Model//EN”>

<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC “-//Corel//DTD Book Model//EN” [

[Local markup declarations]

 This catalog entry type is used when opening an XML or SGML

document in the WordPerfect editor, and not when parsing a DTD.

WPT_SYSTEM

The WPT_PUBLIC catalog entry type maps the system identifier from a document’s DOCTYPE declaration to the filename of a WordPerfect template (.WPT) file. For example:

WPT_SYSTEM “book.dtd”

Working with catalog files

“book.wpt”

This catalog entry would match the system identifier in situations similar to one of the following:

<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM “book.dtd”>

<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM “book.dtd” [

[Local markup declarations]

 This catalog entry type is used when opening an XML or SGML

document in the WordPerfect editor, and not when parsing a DTD.

WPT_ROOT

The WPT_ROOT catalog entry type maps the document type name (the name of the “root” element) from a document’s DOCTYPE declaration to the filename of a WordPerfect template (.WPT) file. For example:

WPT_ROOT “book”

“book.wpt”

This catalog entry would match the document type name in situations similar to one of the following:

<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC “-//Corel//DTD Book Model//EN”>

<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM “book.dtd”>

<!DOCTYPE book [

...local markup declarations...

 This catalog entry type is used when opening an XML or SGML

document in the WordPerfect editor, and not when parsing a DTD.

32 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 3

Examples of external entities and catalog entries

Here are examples of external entities, and catalog entries that could be used to locate the matching files on the system:

Entity Declaration with PUBLIC identifier

<!ENTITY % ISOlat1 PUBLIC “ISO 8879:1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN”>

Catalog Entry

PUBLIC “ISO 8879:1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN”

“ISOlat1.ent”

Entity Declaration with SYSTEM identifier

<!ENTITY graph1 SYSTEM “windmill.bmp”>

Catalog Entry

SYSTEM “windmill.bmp”

“c:\myfiles\graphics\windmill.bmp”

 If a filename has no path, or a relative path, an attempt is made to locate

the file relative to the folder containing the catalog file in which the matching entry was found.

 If no SYSTEM catalog entry matches the SYSTEM identifier in the entity

declaration, the catalog lookup will return the SYSTEM identifier itself as the possible filename. This works well if the SYSTEM identifier is a full pathname, but full pathnames do not normally work well from one system to the next.

Entity Declaration with both PUBLIC and SYSTEM identifiers

<!ENTITY % wpchars PUBLIC “-//Corel//ENTITIES WP 6.1 Characters (Non-ISO 8879)//EN” “wpchars.ent”>

Catalog Entries

PUBLIC “-//Corel//ENTITIES WP 6.1 Characters (Non-ISO 8879)//EN”

“c:\corel\suite9\xml\dtd\mapfiles\wpchars.ent”

SYSTEM “wpchars.ent”

Working with catalog files

“c:\corel\suite9\xml\dtd\mapfiles\wpchars.ent”

Entity Declaration with SYSTEM keyword but no SYSTEM identifier

<!ENTITY module SYSTEM>

Catalog Entry

ENTITY “module”

“c:\windmill.bmp”

BASESET section in the SGML Declaration

BASESET “Upper half of IBM code page 437 (US, English)”

Catalog Entry

PUBLIC “Upper half of IBM code page 437 (US, English)”

“Cp437.set”

For information about WordPerfect character mapping, see Understanding WordPerfect character mapping

CAPACITY section in the SGML Declaration

CAPACITY PUBLIC “ISO 8879:1986//CAPACITY WordPerfect 9//EN”

Catalog Entry

PUBLIC “ISO 8879:1986//CAPACITY WordPerfect 9//EN”

“WP9.cap”

When an XML / SGML document is opened by WordPerfect 9, a catalog lookup is done to locate the matching WordPerfect template. Following are some of the types of information that are found at the beginning of XML / SGML documents, and catalog entries that could be used to locate the template:

DOCTYPE statement with a PUBLIC identifier

<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC “-//Corel//DTD Book declarations//EN”>

Catalog Entry

WPT_PUBLIC “-//Corel//DTD Book declarations//EN”

“book.wpt”

34 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 3

DOCTYPE statement with a SYSTEM identifier

<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM “Corel Book DTD”>

Catalog Entry

WPT_SYSTEM “Corel Book DTD”

“book.wpt”

DOCTYPE statement with neither a PUBLIC nor a SYSTEM identifier

<!DOCTYPE book [ (local declarations) ]>

Catalog Entry

WPT_ROOT “book”

“book.wpt”

No DOCTYPE statement, but first start tag represents the root element

<book><titlepage><author>...

Catalog Entry

WPT_ROOT “book”

“book.wpt”

 If the filename has no path or a relative path, the file is considered to be

relative to the \COREL\WORDPERFECT OFFICE 2000\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM WP TEMPLATES\XML folder created when the XML component was installed.

Performing a catalog lookup

When a catalog lookup is performed, the first catalog file in the list of “active” catalogs is searched for a matching catalog entry. If more than one catalog entry type may be considered to match, the same catalog file may be searched multiple times before the lookup moves to the next active catalog file. The lookup process stops as soon as a match is found.

For example, suppose the following declaration and reference are encountered in a DTD being processed by the DTD Compiler:

Working with catalog files

<!ENTITY % test PUBLIC “-//Corel//ENTITIES Entity test set//EN”

“testenty.ent”>

%test;

When the parameter entity reference “%test;” is encountered, the DTD Compiler will perform a catalog lookup to determine the name of the file containing the replacement text of the “test” entity.

Assuming that no match is found in the first active catalog file, the catalog file will be searched three times:

 once for a SYSTEM entry with the system identifier “testenty.ent”,

 once for a PUBLIC entry with the public identifier “-//Corel//ENTITIES

Entity test set//EN”, and

 once for an ENTITY catalog entry with the entity name “%test”.

Then the catalog lookup will proceed to the subsequent active catalog files (if any) and perform the same three searches in each one until a match is found or the list is exhausted. If a matching ENTITY entry is found in the first catalog file, the lookup will stop without searching any other catalog files. This is true even if a subsequent catalog contains a higher-priority entry that would match the PUBLIC or SYSTEM identifier.

How the WordPerfect DTD Compiler uses catalog files

As installed, the WordPerfect DTD Compiler has only one active catalog file in its list: COMPILE.CAT. The list of catalog files to be registered with and/or used by the WordPerfect DTD Compiler can be modified in the Catalog Files dialog accessible from the File menu (Settings command). The COMPILE.CAT file contains entries matching each of the installed files that can be used while compiling a DTD.

A catalog lookup is performed by the WordPerfect DTD Compiler in the following situations:

 For each BASESET in the SGML declaration, except the first one. The

WordPerfect DTD Compiler assumes the public identifier of the first BASESET to be either:

“ISO 646-1983//CHARSET International Reference Version (IRV)//ESC 2/5 4/0", or

“ISO 646:1983//CHARSET International Reference Version (IRV)//ESC 2/5 4/0".

No catalog lookup is performed for these public identifiers because they represent the default character set used by the WordPerfect DTD Compiler.

36 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 3

Since the only information available is a public identifier, the catalog lookup will only examine PUBLIC catalog entries.

 For the public identifier (if any) associated with the CAPACITY clause in

the SGML declaration, unless the public identifier is either:

“ISO 8879-1986//CAPACITY Reference//EN”, or

“ISO 8879:1986//CAPACITY Reference//EN”.

No catalog lookup is performed for these public identifiers because they represent the default capacity set used by the DTD Compiler.

Since the only information available is a public identifier, the catalog lookup will only examine PUBLIC catalog entries.

 For the public identifier (if any) associated with the SYNTAX clause in the

SGML declaration, unless the public identifier is one of the following:

“ISO 8879-1986//SYNTAX Reference//EN”

“ISO 8879:1986//SYNTAX Reference//EN”

“ISO 8879-1986//SYNTAX Core//EN”

“ISO 8879:1986//SYNTAX Core//EN”

No catalog lookup is performed for these public identifiers because they represent the default concrete syntax used by the WordPerfect DTD Compiler.

Since the only information available is a public identifier, the catalog lookup will only examine PUBLIC catalog entries.

 For the system identifier, public identifier, and/or entity name associated

with an external parameter entity. Searches will be done for matching entries of type SYSTEM, then PUBLIC, then ENTITY. (See the example under “Performing a catalog lookup.”)

 For an external declaration subset. An external declaration subset is

assumed to exist when the DOCTYPE declaration specifies a public and/or system identifier:

<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC “-//Corel//DTD Book Model//EN” “book.dtd” [local markup declarations]>, or

<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC “-//Corel//DTD Book Model//EN” [local markup declarations]>, or

<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM “book.dtd” [local markup declarations]>

Searches will be done for matching entries of type SYSTEM (if applicable), then PUBLIC (if applicable), then DOCTYPE. Catalog entries of type ENTITY are not considered in this situation.

Working with catalog files

If a match is found, the WordPerfect DTD Compiler will attempt to open the file specified in the matching entry. If the filename has a relative path, or no path, the file will be assumed to be relative to the path containing the catalog file. If the file cannot be found or opened, an error is displayed and the compile process halts.

If no matching entry is found during the catalog lookup process, the WordPerfect DTD Compiler will attempt to use the system identifier from the entity declaration as a filename. If the system identifier is a full path, it will be used as-is. Since “testenty.ent” has no specified path, the WordPerfect DTD Compiler will determine the location of the file containing the entity reference and try to open a file named “testenty.ent” in the same folder.

How WordPerfect 9 uses catalog files

The WordPerfect 9 word processor only performs catalog lookups when opening an XML or SGML file. As installed, WordPerfect 9 has only one active catalog file in its list: IMPORT.CAT. The list of catalog files to be registered with and/or used by the WordPerfect Editor can be modified in the Files Settings dialog box (XML tab) accessible from the Tools menu (Settings command). The IMPORT.CAT file contains entries matching each of the installed XML/SGML documents that can be opened in WordPerfect.

WordPerfect performs a catalog lookup to determine which WordPerfect template file should be used for the XML/SGML document instance being opened. For example, suppose the file being opened begins like this:

<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC “-//Corel//DTD Book Model//EN” “book.dtd” [local markup declarations]>

In this case, the catalog lookup will perform searches for matching entries of type WPT_PUBLIC (if applicable), then WPT_SYSTEM (if applicable), then WPT_ROOT. The public identifier is given a higher priority than the system identifier. This is because the system identifier in this situation should identify a file containing an actual DTD markup declaration subset. Since WordPerfect is using the document type information to find a WordPerfect template file, and not an actual DTD subset, the public identifier is given priority as a more indirect reference to the DTD subset.

If no DOCTYPE declaration appears at the beginning of the XML/SGML document instance, an attempt is made to locate the first start tag in the document. If one is found, a catalog lookup will be performed to search for a matching WPT_ROOT entry.

If a match is found, WordPerfect will attempt to use the file specified in the matching entry as the base template for the imported document instance. If

38 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 3

the filename includes a full path, it will be used as-is. If the filename has a relative path, or no path, the file will be assumed to be relative to XML template folder. This folder is installed by default as [drive]:\Program Files\Corel\WPO2000\Suite9\template\Custom WP Templates\XML". The location of XML templates can be checked or modified in the Files Settings dialog box (XML tab) accessible from the Tools menu (Settings command).

If no matching entry is found during the catalog lookup process, WordPerfect will NOT attempt to use the system identifier from the entity declaration as a filename. This is because the system identifier refers to a file containing part of an actual DTD, and not to a WordPerfect template.

Working with catalog files 39

CREATING AND SAVING XML

DOCUMENTS 4

The WordPerfect XML editing environment is an extension of the familiar WordPerfect word processing environment. Specific XML toolbars and menu commands are only available within the WordPerfect XML editing environment. The WordPerfect XML editing environment provides

 a structured view of the document with a page view of the document on

one side and a tree view on the other

 improved graphics support so a graphic and the markup associated with

the graphic can be imported and exported with the XML document

 automatic mapping of ISO characters during the compiling process for

SGML documents so that multinational characters are mapped to the appropriate characters in the editor. Characters that do not fall within the ISO character sets can still be mapped manually.

 improved importing and exporting that handles white space in XML

documents better

When you work with XML documents, you can create and open documents, insert elements or text, view the document structure, and save the documents in XML.

Creating and saving XML documents 41

Creating or opening an XML document

You use the WordPerfect XML Editor to create or open XML documents. When you open an XML file created using the HTML DTD, it opens in the Web Editor rather than in the WordPerfect XML Editor.

Inserting elements or text

An element is a specific component of a document that is surrounded by markings (markup). Although XML provides shorthand methods to represent markup, most elements have a start and end tag. For example, the start tag for the element title is <title> and the end tag is </title>. The forward slash in the end tag distinguishes it from the start tag.

In the WordPerfect XML editing environment, you can insert elements manually or you can let WordPerfect guide you through the process of inserting elements. When automatic insertion of elements is turned on, WordPerfect checks the WordPerfect template associated with the XML document to determine how elements are nested. WordPerfect then inserts all required elements for you. You will be prompted to define attributes depending on the Option setting in the Elements dialog box.

For example, if you insert an element named <CHAPTER> and the WordPerfect template requires the <TITLE> element to be the first item in a <CHAPTER> element, WordPerfect automatically inserts the <TITLE> element.

Inserting symbols and international characters

You can insert symbols and international characters into your XML documents. The DTD associated with each WordPerfect template identifies which characters are valid in an XML document based on that template. Because XML is based on UNICODE, all symbols are automatically mapped. This is not the case with SGML documents. When you work with SGML documents, symbols in the WordPerfect Symbols dialog box that display in red are properly mapped in the associated WordPerfect template. If a symbol is mapped as an entity reference, it also displays in red but the Insert As Character Reference check box is not available. For more information about mapping symbols, see “Working with mapping files” on page 15.

Inserting new elements not defined in the DTD

You can insert elements into an XML document that are not defined in the DTD. This lets you use a generic DTD while still being able to customize your XML document to meet your needs.

42 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 4

Inserting marked sections

In an SGML document, marked sections are selected areas of a document that have been tagged as CDATA, RDATA, IGNORE, or INCLUDE. You can also create marked sections that combine several or all of these tags. In XML documents, only CDATA marked sections are valid.

Inserting processing instructions

Processing instructions allow you to bring external information into an XML document using the PUBLIC or SYSTEM identifiers or by identifying an external file.

Including information in WordPerfect documents

You can mark sections of an XML document so that the marked information is included when you save the document in WordPerfect format but is not included when you save the document as XML. For example, you may insert a table of contents or a comment that you do not want to include in the final exported XML document but which you want to include in the WordPerfect document.

Viewing the document structure

You can view the structure of an XML document using the XML Tree. You can resize and move the XML Tree to meet your needs.

Saving XML documents

You can save XML documents as XML UTF-16 Big Endian, XML UTF-16 Little Endian, or XML UTF-8. You can also save XML documents in an SGML format or a WordPerfect format.

 When you work with SGML documents in previous versions of

WordPerfect, save and retrieve the documents in the SGML format (.SGM) to take advantage of the enhancements in WordPerfect 9.

Creating and opening XML documents

With WordPerfect 9, you can create an XML document or you can open XML or SGML documents.

Creating and saving XML documents

To create an XML document

1 Click the Start button on the Windows taskbar, then click Programs,

WordPerfect Office 2000, WordPerfect 9.

2 Click File, New XML Document.

3 Choose or create an XML Project by doing one of the following:

 to create a new project, click the New button, then follow the prompts .

 to choose an existing XML project, choose an existing project from

the Categories/Projects list box or locate the WP template in the File Name box, then click the Select button.

 You can also double-click in the Categories/Projects list box to choose an

existing XML project.

To create an XML document from a template

1 In WordPerfect, click File, New From Template.

2 Choose the XML category or the category where you store XML

documents.

3 Double-click the project name to open the project and create a blank XML

document.

To open an XML or SGML document

1 In WordPerfect, click File, Open.

2 Choose the drive and folder where the file is stored.

3 Double-click the filename.

 You can open XML, SGML, or HTML documents as text when you want

to edit the markup code directly. Enable both the Import HTML Documents Using The XML Component check box and the Prompt For File Type When Importing XML/SGML Documents check box on the XML tab in the Environment Settings dialog box.

44 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 4

 When you open an existing SGML document, WordPerfect automatically

generates paired tags where they do not exist and inserts omitted tags required by the WordPerfect template if the required setting is enabled in the Environment Settings dialog box. For more information, see “Specifying import options for SGML, and XML documents” on page 118.

 You can view the document structure using the XML Tree. For more

information, see “Viewing the structure of an XML document” on page

50.

Inserting elements into an XML document

Once you create an XML document, you can add elements and text. You can insert elements one at a time or you can insert required elements automatically. You will be prompted to specify attributes depending on the Option setting in the Elements dialog box. The automatic insertion of elements is especially useful when you are creating a new XML document because it quickly inserts the required elements in the proper order.

To manually insert elements

1 In WordPerfect, click the XML button on the Property Bar, then click

Elements.

2 Disable the Auto-Insert check box.

3 Click one of the following option buttons:

 Valid Elements — displays only the elements valid at this point in the

document

 All Elements — displays all the elements contained in the associated

template

4 Enable the Inclusions check box to show the optional elements valid at

this point in an SGML document.

This check box is not available for XML documents.

5 To select when the Edit Attributes dialog box appears, click the Options

button and click one of the following commands:

 Always Prompt For Attributes — displays the Edit Attributes dialog

box whenever any tag that has attributes is inserted in the document

 Never Prompt For Attributes — never displays the Edit Attributes

dialog box

 Prompt When Attributes Required — displays the Edit Attributes

dialog box only when a tag containing required attributes is inserted into the document

Creating and saving XML documents

6 Choose an element from the Valid Elements box, then click the Insert

button.

7 Repeat step 6 to insert additional elements.

To automatically insert elements

1 Follow the steps 1 to 5 from the previous procedure.

2 Enable the Auto-Insert check box.

3 Choose an element from the Valid Elements box, then click the Insert

button.

WordPerfect inserts all required tags and their siblings into the document.

4 Repeat step 3 to insert additional elements.

 When you use Auto-Insert, the ENTER key no longer inserts hard

returns. You must close the Elements dialog or turn off Auto-Insert to use the Enter key to insert hard returns. You can also insert hard returns automatically by creating a draft template with a defined layout that simply inserts a new line after each end tag (or after both start and end tags, if you prefer). Use this draft template file with Auto-Insert to automatically insert hard returns at strategic points throughout your document without pressing ENTER.

Inserting new elements not defined in the DTD

You can insert new elements that are not defined in the DTD. Upon document validation, you will be warned when elements are not defined. These undefined elements will not be validated.

To insert new elements not defined in the DTD

1 In WordPerfect, open or create an XML document.

2 Click the XML button on the Property Bar, then choose Element.

3 In the Element box, do one of the following:

 Type the name of the element

 Type the name of the element as well as the associated attributes. For

example, type car model="mercury" where car is the element name, model is the attribute name and mercury is the attribute value.

46 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 4

 You can also insert new elements by typing the name of the element and

associated attributes in the Valid Elements box on the XML Property Bar and pressing ENTER.

 You can also use CTRL+Etoopen the Element dialog box.

Inserting symbols and international characters

You can use WordPerfect Symbols to insert characters that do not appear on the keyboard, such as phonetic characters and international characters from other alphabets, such as á. You can also insert XML characters such as < or & that might normally be considered part of the XML markup.

To insert symbols and international characters

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, click the Elements button on

the Property Bar and choose an element.

2 Click Display, Text.

3 Click the Symbols button.

4 Click the Set box, then choose the character set you want.

5 Choose a symbol or international character from the Symbols box.

6 Click the Insert And Close button.

 Not all fonts can display all symbols. Symbols not included in the active

document font appear as a hollow box on your screen.

 Symbols and international characters that do not have a valid entity

reference appear as black characters in the XML document and generate an error when the document is validated. To eliminate the error, remove the character or select it, then mark it with WP DATA codes.

Creating, inserting, editing, and deleting marked sections

You can mark a section of a document with special tags that affect the way that section is read in XML or SGML. You can insert one of four types of marked sections into SGML documents or you can create marked sections that combine several or all of these types. You can only insert CDATA marked sections into XML documents.

Creating and saving XML documents

To create, insert, edit, or delete marked sections in SGML documents

1 Select the information in the document that you want to mark.

2 Click Insert, Marked Section.

3 Choose one of the following types of marked sections:

 IGNORE — ignores the content of the marked information.

Ignored marked sections are presented as hidden text

 INCLUDE — includes the content of the marked section in the

document

 CDATA — indicates that the content of the marked section contains no

markup

 RCDATA — indicates that the only kinds of markup recognized in the

content of the marked section are references and character references

4 Click one of the following buttons:

 Insert — inserts the tags for the selected type of marked section into

the document

 Create — lets you create a marked section with multiple parameters

 Edit — lets you edit an existing parameter definition

 Delete — deletes the selected type of marked section

 The IGNORE tag has priority over all other tags. If there is no IGNORE

tag, the INCLUDE tag is assumed regardless of whether it is stated or not. The CDATA tag overrides RCDATA.

 The Marked Sections dialog is not accessible when you are working with

an XML document.

 You must view hidden text in order to edit an Ignored marked section in

WordPerfect.

To insert a CDATA marked section in XML documents

1 Select the information in the document that you want to mark.

2 Click Insert, CDATA Section.

48 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 4

Creating, inserting, editing, and deleting processing instructions

A processing instruction contains data that is not considered part of a document or DTD. This data may take the form of formatting commands, a command line for an external process, or any number of other formats.

XML or SGML processors do not act directly on such data but may pass it on to its intended target. In XML, the first word in each processing instruction is the name of the intended “target,” which must match the name of a notation declared in the DTD.

To create, insert, edit, or delete processing instructions

1 Position the cursor at the point where you want the processing instruction

inserted.

2 Click Insert, Processing Instruction.

3 Click one of the following buttons:

 Insert — inserts the selected processing instruction

 New — lets you define a new process target

 Edit — lets you edit the selected processing instruction

 Delete — deletes the selected processing instruction

 In XML, the content of the processing instruction begins with a target

identifier that is a notation name. In SGML, processing instructions without target names are supported for the notation name.

Including information in WordPerfect documents

You can mark sections of an XML document so that when you publish the document in the WordPerfect format, the marked sections are included as part of the WordPerfect document. The marked information is not part of the XML document and is not validated or exported.

To include information in WordPerfect documents

1 In WordPerfect, open or create an XML document.

2 Select the text and tags that you want to include.

3 Click XML, WP DATA.

Creating and saving XML documents

 You can also insert WP DATA codes, then type the text you want included

in the WordPerfect document.

Viewing the structure of an XML document

The XML structured tree view lets you split the screen, with a page view of the document on one side and a tree view on the other. The tree view provides a clear view of the structure of the XML document. By right-clicking on the tree view, you can quickly access XML functionality. You must have an XML document open to be able to access the XML menu.

To view the structure of an XML document

 Click XML, Show XML Tree.

 WordPerfect automatically validates the document whenever you move

the insertion point. Markup errors are visibly indicated by a yellow triangle in the XML Tree. Double-click the yellow triangle in the XML Tree to display an explanation of the error or to display a solution. For example, if the solution is to edit an attribute, the Edit Attributes dialog box appears.

 You can also click the XML Tree button to display the XML Tree.

Moving and resizing the XML Tree window

You can make the XML Tree window almost any size you want. You can also undock the XML Tree window and move it to another location on the screen. You can resize both docked and undocked XML Tree windows.

To resize a docked or undocked XML Tree window

1 Position the cursor over the left or right edge of the XML Tree window so

that the cursor becomes an arrow.

2 Drag the edge of the XML Tree window.

To dock or undock the XML Tree window

1 Right-click the XML Tree, then click Options.

2 Click one of the following commands:

50 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 4

 Dock Tree — attaches the XML Tree window to the left side of the

application window

 Undock Tree — creates a floating XML Tree window

To move the XML Tree window

 Position the cursor over the XML Tree window so that the cursor

becomes a four-way arrow, then drag the XML Tree window to the location you want.

Saving XML documents

You can save documents to the SGML, XML, or WordPerfect file format.

To save an XML document

1 In WordPerfect, click File, Save As.

2 Choose one of the following file types from the File Type list box:

 XML UTF-16 Big Endian

 XML UTF-16 Little Endian

 XML UTF-8

3 Type a name in the File Name box.

4 Enable any of the following check boxes:

 Password Protect — lets you add password security to the document

 Embed fonts — embeds fonts in the document

5 Click Save.

6 Enable any of the following check boxes:

 Check For Errors Before Saving — validates the XML document

before saving it

 Include Document Type Declaration — saves the Document Type

declaration with the SGML document so that it can be viewed without WordPerfect

 Include SGML Declaration — saves the SGML Declaration file at the

top of an SGML document. This check box is not available for XML documents.

 Save Soft Returns In Text As Spaces — saves soft returns you have

manually inserted into the XML document as spaces

Creating and saving XML documents

 When you save an XML document that you have modified, the save file

format will have the same encoding as when the file was opened. WordPerfect supports both XML UTF-8 and XML UTF-16 encodings.

 When you save the document in XML format, any text between WP DATA

codes is not saved.

 If the On Save Keep Document’s Original File Format check box is

enabled (Files Settings dialog box), imported SGML and XML documents will be automatically saved in their original file formats without user prompts.

 If the logic file was created using an earlier version of the WordPerfect

DTD Compiler (WordPerfect 6.1 or Intellitag), the Include Document Type Declaration and Include SGML Declaration check boxes are not available.

 You can define the location where graphics are saved in the Files Settings

dialog box accessible from the Tools menu in WordPerfect.

52 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 4

FORMATTING XML

DOCUMENTS 5

When you use SGML or XML, the content of the document is separated from the formatting of the document. This is accomplished by creating a separate collection of rules to determine how each element of an XML document should look.

For example, instead of entering a Bold code and Center Justification code for each chapter title when you format an XML document, you create a rule that automatically inserts this information for each chapter title. Rules are a powerful SGML and XML feature in WordPerfect. You can create rules in the WordPerfect XML Project Designer. The WordPerfect XML Project Designer saves the rules you create in a WordPerfect template. When you create or edit an XML document in WordPerfect that uses this template, WordPerfect applies the formatting according to the conditions you specified.

You can create several layouts for one DTD and even change to another layout while editing an SGML or XML document in WordPerfect.

With WordPerfect, you can

 define the layout for a specific element

 indent elements

 use styles to access a broad range of WordPerfect formatting capabilities

 specify the page layout, such as paper size, margins, and page numbering

 specify line and text formatting, such as line spacing and font options

Formatting XML documents 53

For more information about styles or specific formatting features, such as Center Page or Columns, see the WordPerfect online Help.

Opening a project layout

You can open existing layouts in the WordPerfect XML Project Designer.

To open an existing layout

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, click File, Open.

2 Choose the XML category or the category where the layout you want to

open is stored.

3 Double-click a project layout in the Categories/Projects list box.

Specifying the layout for an element

When you specify a layout for an element, you define the rules that specify the format and content of the element. These rules can take effect at the element start tag or the element end tag. You can also define when the layout is applied to the element.

To specify the layout for an element

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Double-click an element in the Edit Rule List box.

3 Click in the Rule Entry For Start Tag box, then use the Element Rule

menus to insert the codes you want to associate with the start tag for the element.

4 Click in the Rule Entry For End Tag (Before Revert) box, then use the

Element Rule menus to insert the codes you want to take effect before WordPerfect exits the element.

5 Click in the Rule Entry For End Tag (After Revert) box, then use the

Element Rule menus to insert any codes you want to take effect after WordPerfect exits the element.

6 Click OK.

7 Choose one of the following options from the Selected Condition list box

to specify the conditions that an element must meet to display the format specified in steps 3, 4, and 5:

54 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 5

 Normal — applies the layout to every element that meets the specified

conditions

 First — applies the layout to only the first element that meets the

specified conditions.

If an element meets the conditions of the rule and occurs several times in a document, the rule is applied to the element the first time it occurs under a parent element. For example, if the element <PARA> occurred in the element <BODY> and in the element <PS>, the rule is applied the first time <PARA> occurred in <BODY> and the first time it occurred in <PS>, not just the first time <PARA> occurred in the document.

 Because the Element Rule menus are used to insert new codes, the dialog

boxes for the features you select will always display the default settings.

 You can also select an element using the Element Selection command

accessible from the Edit menu.

Indenting elements

You can indent text within an element one tab stop to the right. You can also justify text within an element by indenting one tab stop from both right and left margins.

To indent elements

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Paragraph, Indent.

4 Click one of the following commands:

 Normal — moves a paragraph one tab stop to the right

 Double — moves a paragraph in one tab stop from both the right and

left margins

Formatting XML documents

 To create a hanging indent, insert an indent code, then insert a back tab

code.

Applying styles

To apply a style using the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, the style must already be defined in the current WordPerfect template, the default WordPerfect template, or be a system style.

For information about creating styles, see Creating and applying a text style in the WordPerfect online Help.

To apply styles

1 In WordPerfect, create the desired style.

2 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

3 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose the

 Choose the element to which you want to add a style in the Edit Rule

element you want to which you want to add a style.

List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

4 Click in one of the following boxes:

 Rule Entry For Start Tag — applies the style at the start tag

 Rule Entry For End Tag (Before Revert) — applies the style at the end

tag before a Revert code

 Rule Entry for End Tag (After Revert) — applies the style at the end

tag after a Revert code

5 Click Format, Styles.

6 Enable any of the following check boxes:

 Current template — shows only those styles defined in the current

template

 Default template — shows only those styles defined in the default

template

 System — shows only those styles that are system defined

7 Choose the desired style from the Available Styles box.

56 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 5

8 Click OK to return to the Element Rule dialog box.

The Style rule appears in the appropriate box. For example, STYLE=bullets

Saving layout information

After you have formatted all the elements in an XML document, you can save the layout information (rules) as a layout component of the WordPerfect template or as text. Saving layout information as text makes it easier for you to verify element rules.

To save a new layout

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Format elements as required.

3 Click File, Save.

4 Do one of the following:

 Type a name for the layout in the Layout Name box.

 Choose an existing layout from the Layouts box.

5 Click the Save button.

To save layout information for all elements in a file

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Format elements as required.

3 Click File, Save As.

4 Choose a category from the Category/Project list box.

5 Click the folder icon beside the File Name box.

The Open File dialog box appears.

6 Type a name for the file in the File Name box.

7 Choose WPCSS from the File Type list box.

8 Click the Open button to return to the File Save As dialog box.

9 Click the Save button.

Formatting XML documents

 The format of the textual output is similar to CSS (Cascading Style

Sheets) and is called WPCSS.

Formatting the page layout

With WordPerfect, you can format XML documents in the following ways:

 select the paper size

 change document margins for a selected element

 center text between the top and bottom margins

 set and format page numbers

 set, use, and delete tabs

 insert a horizontal line

 insert a new page

 keep text together on one page

 preserve white space

Choosing the paper size

You can specify the size and orientation of the paper you want to use. WordPerfect uses this information to format and print your document.

To choose the paper size

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Page, Paper Size.

4 Choose the paper definition you want to use, then click Select.

 The available paper definitions in the Paper Definitions list box depend on

the printer selected in WordPerfect.

58 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 5

 To edit a rule for an existing element using a toolbar button, click the

element in the Element Rules List box, then click the Edit Rule button.

Changing document margins

You can change the document margins for a specific element.

To change document margins for a selected element

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Format, Margins.

4 Specify new settings for Left, Right, Top, or Bottom margins.

 To edit a rule for an existing element using a toolbar button, click the

element in the Element Rules List box, then click the Edit Rule button.

Centering text between the top and bottom margins

You can specify that text associated with a specific element be centered between the top and bottom margins.

To center text between the top and bottom margins

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Page, Center Page, then choose one of the following commands:

 Current Page — centers text on the current page

 Current And Subsequent Pages — centers text on all the pages in the

document

 No Centering — turns centering off

Formatting XML documents

 To edit a rule for an existing element using a toolbar button, click the

element in the Element Rules List box, then click the Edit Rule button.

Setting page numbers

You set a new page number for a specific element. Each time this element is encountered, the page number is reset. You can also increase or decrease a page number.

To set a new page number

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Page, Numbering.

4 Type a new number in the New Page Number box.

To increase or decrease a page number

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Page, Numbering.

4 Type the increment by which you want to increase or decrease the page

number in the Increase/Decrease Existing Page Number box.

 To edit a rule for an existing element using a toolbar button, click the

element in the Element Rules List box, then click the Edit Rule button.

Formatting and positioning page numbers

You can format page numbers by choosing a numbering style and by specifying the text that will accompany numbers. You can also position page numbers on the page.

60 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 5

To position page numbers

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Page, Numbering.

4 Choose one of the position options from the Position list box.

To set the numbering style

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Page, Numbering.

4 Choose one of the numbering styles from the Numbering Style list box.

To include text with the page number

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Page, Numbering.

4 Type the text in the Format and Accompanying Text box.

5 Click the Page Code button to insert the page number in the text you

type.

 To edit a rule for an existing element using a toolbar button, click the

element in the Element Rules List box, then click the Edit Rule button.

Formatting XML documents

Setting and using tabs

You can set tabs for elements in your document or indent a single line of text. Tab settings determine where the insertion point stops when you press TAB or BACK TAB. How much the text is indented depends on the tab settings you’ve chosen. You can also delete tab settings.

To set tabs

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Line, Tab Set.

4 Choose a tab type from the Type list box:

 Left, Dot Left — sets a tab that remains left; text moves right

 Center, Dot Center — sets the text you type centered around the tab

 Right, Dot Right — sets the tab that remains right; text moves left

 Decimal, Dot Decimal — inserts text before and after a decimal tab

character

5 Type the position for the tab in the Position box.

6 If you want tabs repeated at a specified interval, enable the Repeat Every

check box, then type in the interval at which to repeat the tab.

7 Click one of the following option buttons to position the tabs:

 Left Margin (Relative)

 Left Edge of Paper (Absolute).

8 Click the Set button.

 When you use Dot tabs, dot leaders (a row of dots) appear between the

insertion point and the next tab setting.

 To restore the original tab settings, click the Default button.

62 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 5

To indent a line of text

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Line, Tab, then click one of the following types of tabs:

 Soft Tab — indents the line according to the tab type defined in the

next tab setting

 Back Tab — moves the insertion point to the previous tab setting

 Hard Tabs — indents the line according to the position defined in the

next tab setting; hard tabs remain even if you change tab settings

 Hard Tabs With Dot Leaders — indents the line with dot leaders to the

next tab setting for one time only; hard tabs remain even if you change tab settings

 You can also indent all the lines of a paragraph using the Indent command

from the Paragraph menu.

To remove a tab setting

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Line, Tab Set.

4 Choose the tab setting that you want to delete in the Tab Settings box.

5 Click the Clear button.

 To delete all tab settings, click the Clear All button.

 To restore the default tab settings, click the Default button.

Formatting XML documents

Inserting horizontal lines

You can make your documents easier to read by inserting a horizontal line each time WordPerfect encounters a specific element. In this way, you can visually group relevant information together.

To insert a horizontal line

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Insert, Horizontal Line.

Creating a new page

You can force a new page whenever WordPerfect encounters a specific element.

To create a new page

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Page, New Page.

Keeping text together on one page

When it is important to keep text together on one page, you can set widow/orphan protection for the selected element. Widow/orphan protection is in effect between the start and end tags of the selected element.

To keep text together on one page

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

64 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 5

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Page, Widow/Orphan.

Preserving white space

You can choose to preserve white space within certain elements. By default, WordPerfect removes all white space (tabs and space characters) where data (PCDATA, RCDATA, and CDATA) is not allowed in the document.

To preserve white space

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Click Edit, Preserve White Space.

3 Choose the elements in the Element box for which you want white space

preserved.

 WordPerfect also converts carriage returns to spaces where data is

allowed when you open an XML document in WordPerfect.

 To select all the elements defined in the DTD, click the Select All button

in the Preserve White Space dialog box.

Formatting text

With WordPerfect, there is a full range of features that helps you manage the spacing, positioning, and look of text. You can format text in the following ways:

 add bulleted or numbered lists

 number lines

 change line spacing

 keep words together on one line

 create columns

Adding bulleted lists

To organize information in a useful way, you can add bulleted lists to your XML document. To create a bulleted list, you need to have list elements defined in your DTD or defined as a style in the WordPerfect template. For

Formatting XML documents

more information about using styles, see “Applying styles” on page 56. You can choose the type of bullet you want to use in the list.

To add a bulleted list

1 In WordPerfect, open or create an XML document.

2 Click the XML button on the Property Bar, then click Elements.

3 Enable the Auto-Insert check box.

4 Place the cursor where a bulleted list is valid.

5 Double-click the bullet list element in the Elements dialog box.

6 If the Edit Attributes dialog box opens, click the bulleted list button.

7 Continue to add list items.

8 Click somewhere else in your document when you are done.

To define the bullet type

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Double-click the bullet element (such as Item) in the Element Rule List.

3 In the Rule Entry For Start Tag box, click where you want the bullet to

appear.

4 Click Display, Text.

5 Click the Symbols button, choose the symbol you want to display, then

click the Insert And Close button.

 Another way to format text as bulleted is to use styles. For more

information, see “Applying styles” on page 56.

Adding numbered lists

To organize information in a useful way, you can add numbered lists to your XML document. You use counters to count the elements in your document and format the numbering for the list as numbers, letters, or Roman numerals. You can create counters with one numbering level or with several numbering levels (such as I, i, a).

66 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 5

To add numbered lists with only one level

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Choose an element from the Element Rule List box.

3 Click Edit, Define Counters, then click the Create button.

4 Type a name for the counter in the Counter Name box.

5 Choose a numbering method from the Single Level Method list box.

To add numbered lists with more than one level

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Choose an element from the Element Rule List box.

3 Click Edit, Define Counters, then click the Create button.

4 Type a name for the counter in the Counter Name box.

5 Type the number of levels you want in the Number of Levels box.

6 Type a level name and choose a numbering method for each level in the

Multi-level Definition section.

 The counter number will appear in the Counter list box. You use it to

mark the elements you want to number.

 When you increase, decrease, or set a value for one level of a multi-level

counter, the value for all lower levels is reset to 1. For example, a three-level counter has been increased to 2,4,5. When Level 1 is increased to 3, Levels 2 and 3 are reset to 1. When all three levels of the counter are displayed, the numbers will be 3,1,1.

Numbering lines in documents and newspaper columns

To make it easier to find information in your XML documents, you can automatically number all lines in a document or in newspaper columns.

To number the lines in a document

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

Formatting XML documents

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose the

element where you want line numbering to begin.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Line, Numbering.

4 Enable the Turn Line Numbering On check box.

5 Select and change any of the following options in the Numbering Options

section:

 Numbering Method — lets you specify whether line numbers will print

as numbers, letters, or Roman numerals

 Starting Line Number — lets you specify the number assigned to the

first line

 First Printing Line Number — lets you specify the first line number to

 Numbering Interval — lets you specify the interval between printed

line numbers

6 Click one of the following option buttons in the Position Of Numbers

section:

 From The Left Edge Of Page — lets you specify the distance from the

left edge of the page (or from the center of the space between columns) to the line number

 Left of Margin — lets you specify the distance from the left margin to

the line number

7 Enable any of the following check boxes:

 Restart Numbering On Each Page — lets you specify whether line

numbers will begin again with the starting line number at the top of each page

 Count Blank Lines — lets you specify whether blank lines are

counted

To number lines in newspaper columns

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose the

element where you want line numbering to begin.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

68 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 5

3 Click Line, Numbering.

4 Enable the Turn Line Numbering On check box.

5 Click the Left Of Margin option button, then type the distance between

the line numbers and the left edge of text in each column.

6 Enable the Number All Newspaper Columns check box.

7 Select and change any other options as needed.

 When you specify the distance between the line numbers and the left

edge of text in each column, specify a distance less than the space between the columns. Otherwise, the line numbers may overlap the text in the columns.

Changing line spacing

You can change the line spacing for a specific element.

To change the line spacing

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Line, Spacing, then click one of the following commands:

 Single — sets single spacing

 Double — sets double spacing

 Other — sets a spacing value that you specify

 In single-spaced text, the distance from baseline to baseline is one line

height. When you click Other and then specify a new number in the Line Spacing dialog box, the current line height is multiplied by that number.

Beginning a new line

The new line begins at that point in the document where the element is inserted.

Formatting XML documents

To begin a new line

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Line, New Line.

Keeping words together on the same line

When it is important that two words be kept together on the same line, you can add a non-breakable space between words.

To use hard spaces to keep words together on the same line

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Insert, Hard Space.

Changing font options

You can apply different font types to text and you can change the appearance of text to make it appear in bold or italic, for example. You can also change the size of text.

To change font options

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Format, Font.

4 Select the font style, size, and appearance.

70 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 5

 To create a subscript or superscript, click the Position button.

 To set the relative size of the font, click the Relative Size button.

Aligning text

You can apply different types of justifications such as left, right, center, and full.

To align text

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

2 Do one of the following:

3 Click Paragraph, Justification, then choose one of the following commands:

project.

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

 Left — left justifies the paragraph

 Right — right justifies the paragraph

 Center — centers the paragraph

 Full — adds space between words to justify text to both margins

 All — adds space between words and letters to justify text to both

margins

 When you use Full or All justification, spacing between words is expanded

or compressed so that the text fills a line.

Creating and ending columns

Formatting information into columns involves creating a column definition for a specific element. The column definition specifies the column formatting. You must also specify when information is no longer to be formatted as columns.

To create columns

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

Formatting XML documents

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Format, Columns.

4 Specify the number of columns in the Columns box.

5 Click one of the following option buttons:

 Newspaper — formats text to flow down a column to the bottom of a

page or column break, then continues the text at the top of the next column

 Balanced Newspaper — formats the newspaper columns so that

columns are of equal length

 Parallel — groups columns across the page in rows, and starts

subsequent rows below the longest column of the previous row. Parallel columns are useful for scripts, charts, or lists

 Parallel w/Block Protect — formats text in the number of parallel

columns specified. Keeps all rows of the columns together across page breaks

6 Click in the Spacing Between Columns box to set a default space between

columns, or click in the Line Spacing Between Rows In Parallel Columns box to change the spaces between rows.

7 Type the width of each column and the space between columns in the

Columns Width section.

8 Enable the Fixed check box to ensure that the width of a column or space

is kept regardless of width or margin changes in other columns.

To end columns

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Page, Hard Column.

Numbering elements in XML documents

When you want to number elements in your document, you use counters. Counters can display numbers, letters, and Roman numerals anywhere in

72 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 5

your document. Counters are useful when you want to create outlines or include paragraph numbers.

Numbering elements in XML documents involves:

 defining and editing counters

 specifying where you want counter numbers displayed

 changing the value or numbering method of a counter

 specifying where you want to increase or decrease counters

 When you create a counter, the counter value starts at 1 (or A, or i). You

must manually increase (or decrease) the counter.

Defining and editing numbering levels

To define one numbering level

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Choose an element from the Element Rule List.

3 Click Edit, Define Counters, then click the Create button.

4 Type a name for the counter in the Counter Name box.

5 Choose a numbering method in the Single Level Method box.

To define more than one numbering level

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Choose an element from the Element Rule List.

3 Click Edit, Define Counters, then click the Create button.

4 Type a name for the counter in the Counter Name box.

Formatting XML documents

5 Type the number of levels you want in the Number of Levels box.

6 Type a level name and choose a numbering method for each level in the

Multi-level Definition section.

 The counter number will appear in the Counter list box. You can use it to

mark the elements you want to number.

 When you increase, decrease, or set a value for one level of a multi-level

 You can also define counters by editing a WordPerfect template. Counters

that are defined in the WordPerfect template appear in the Counter dialog box and can be used in element rules.

To edit counters for numbering

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Double-click an existing element in the Element Rule list.

3 Click Display, Counters, then click the Edit button.

Displaying counters used in numbering

You can decide where numbers will be displayed in your document. You might display a counter in captions or as paragraph numbers.

To display counters using in numbering

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Display, Counters.

4 Select a counter level from the Counter list box, then click the Display In

Document button.

74 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 5

Changing the value and numbering method of counters

You can change the value or numbering method (Roman numerals, numbers, etc.) of a counter. For example, if the value of a counter in your document is 3, you can change the value to 7. When the counter is next increased, its value will be 8.

To change the value or numbering method of counters

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Display, Counters.

4 Choose a counter from the Counter list.

5 Click the Value button and do any of the following:

 choose a different method from the Numbering Method list box

 type a new value in the Value box

 Changes made in the Counter Value And Method dialog box affect

counters only in the selected element, unless the selected element is the root element in which case changes affect all elements.

Increasing or decreasing counters

You can increase or decrease the value of a counter. Common places to increase a counter are at the beginning of sections or chapters. Increase (or Decrease) and Display functions are independent.

To increase or decrease counters

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Display, Counters.

Formatting XML documents

4 Choose a counter level from the Counter list box.

5 Click the Increase or Decrease button.

To increase or decrease and display counters

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Display, Counters.

4 Choose a counter level from the Counter list box.

5 Click any of the following buttons:

 Increase And Display — lets you increase and display the counter

 Decrease And Display — lets you decrease and display the counter

 If you intend to display a number with a value equal to the starting value

of the counter, you should click Display In Document button before you increase or decrease the counter. Otherwise, the first number displayed will have increased or decreased one from the starting value.

Deleting counters

You can delete counters that are no longer needed.

To delete counters

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Display, Counters.

4 Choose the counter you want to remove from the Counter/Value box, then

click the Delete button.

76 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 5

 Counter definitions defined in element rules are not deleted when you

delete a counter.

Formatting XML documents

WORKING WITH ELEMENTS 6

Elements are specific components of a document that have been identified and marked with SGML or XML tags. When you create an XML document, you insert elements that are defined in the DTD. You can expand on the basic rules defined for an element by:

 specifying the root element

 defining and editing the element hierarchy

 adding or deleting attribute constraints

 displaying attribute values

 creating alias names for elements

 associating a WordPerfect feature or macro with an element

 inserting text with element content

 copying elements

 deleting, restoring, and reverting element rules

Specifying the root element

The root element is the element that validation will start from in the active document. If you do not specify a root element, the root element defined in the Document Type Declaration is used. You can specify a root element for every XML document saved in a separate file.

Working with elements 79

To specify the root element

1 In WordPerfect, open or create an XML document.

2 Click the XML button on the Property bar, then click Root Element.

3 Choose an element from the Root Element box, then click the Select

button.

 To return to the default root element for the selected document type, click

the Original button.

Defining and editing the element hierarchy

When you define a hierarchy, you set conditions that an element must meet in order for layout codes to be applied to the element. For example, if you specified the element <PS> as the parent of <PARA> in the Element Rule dialog box, the layout codes would be applied only to <PARA> elements that occurred within <PS> elements.

To define the element hierarchy

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click the Hierarchy button.

4 Click one of the following option buttons to define what is displayed in the

Element Parents list box:

 Show Parents Only — displays only the elements that are valid parent

elements of the selected element

 Show All Elements — displays all the elements defined in the DTD

5 Choose an element from the Element And Parents Selected list box, then

choose a parent element from the Element Parents list box.

6 Click the Add Parent button.

 If you choose the Show All Elements option button in step 4, the

WordPerfect XML Project Designer will not validate the elements you

80 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 6

insert as parent elements. For example, the WordPerfect XML Project Designer will allow you to insert <BODY> as a parent element to <MEMO> even if it is an invalid element order.

 If a default attribute value has been defined in the DTD, WordPerfect

highlights the default attribute value displayed in the Element Attributes Selected box. Otherwise, the first attribute value in the list is highlighted.

 You can also choose an element in the Element Parents box by

double-clicking the element.

To edit the element hierarchy

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, choose an element in the

Element Rule List box.

2 Click Edit, Edit Hierarchy.

Adding or deleting attribute constraints

Attributes qualify the appearance or content of an element and are defined in the DTD. You cannot add or delete attributes using WordPerfect. You can, however, use attributes to define the context in which an element rule is used. For example, you want the class of document to appear on the title page of all documents that are confidential. You add an attribute constraint (or value) to an element called status that specifies that the content of status can be either “public” or “confidential”. When the content is confidential, you display the document status on the title page.

To add an attribute constraint

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element

with attributes.

 Choose an element with attributes in the Edit Rule List box, then click

Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click the Hierarchy button.

4 Choose an attribute from the Element Attributes box, then click the Add

Attribute button.

5 Type an attribute value in the Attribute Value dialog box.

Working with elements

 Attributes of the type LIST are displayed in the Attribute Value dialog box

where you can make a selection. All other attributes types must be typed in.

 To add an element, you can also click an element in the Element Rule List

box, then click Edit, Edit Hierarchy.

To delete attribute constraints

1 In WordPerfect, open or create an XML document.

2 Click the XML button on the Property Bar, then click Edit Attributes.

3 Choose the attribute you want to remove in the Attributes section.

4 Click the Delete Attribute button.

 The default attribute value defined in the DTD is used when no attribute

value is specified for an element.

Displaying attribute values

You can assign and display an attribute value.

To display attribute values

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element

with attributes.

 Double-click an element with attributes in the Edit Rule List box.

3 Click Display, Attribute Value.

4 Choose an attribute from the Attribute box, then click OK.

82 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 6

 If you want to display the attribute value of a parent for the selected

element, you must first add the parent element in the Hierarchy and Attributes dialog box. For example, if a DTD contains a <BOOK> element with an attribute value of “Volume X” and also contains a <CHAPTER> element, you could display the attribute value for <BOOK>, “Volume X”, with the <CHAPTER> element. To do so, you would first use the Hierarchy and Attributes feature to specify <BOOK> as a parent element of <CHAPTER>.

Creating alias names for elements

You can assign user-friendly names, known as aliases, to the elements defined in the DTD you are using. The alias names you create are saved in a WordPerfect template.

To create an alias name for elements

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Choose an element from the Edit Rule List box.

3 Click Tools, Alias.

4 Choose an element from the Associations list box.

5 Type an alias name for the selected element in the Alias box, then click

inside the Associations box to add the alias name to the list of Associations.

6 Repeat steps 4 and 5 to assign alias names to additional elements.

 Alias names are defined once for each template, even if the template

contains multiple layouts.

 The alias names you assign for elements will display in place of the

element names in the Application Bar, in Reveal Codes, in error messages, and in the XML document. When saving an XML document, the alias names are converted to the actual XML element name.

Associating a WordPerfect feature or a macro with an element

When you associate a WordPerfect feature or macro with an element, WordPerfect opens the associated feature or runs the macro when you insert an element that meets the conditions specified in the Element Associate dialog box. For example, if you select a <BKGROUND> element and then

Working with elements

associate it with a Watermark, WordPerfect automatically opens the Watermark dialog box when you insert a <BKGROUND> tag in your document.

To associate a WordPerfect feature with an element

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Choose an element with attributes from the Element Rule List box, then

click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Edit, Element Associate.

4 Choose one of the association types from the Association list box.

5 Choose the element that you want to associate a feature with from the

Element list box.

To associate a macro with an element

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Choose an element with attributes from the Element Rule List box.

3 Type the path and name of the macro or click the folder icon next to the

Macro box and locate the macro.

 If you retrieve a document containing an element that meets the

conditions specified in the Element Associate dialog box, the feature will not open nor will the macro run.

Copying elements

Instead of recreating an existing element rule, you can copy element rules from one element to another.

To copy elements

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Choose an element from the Element Rule List box.

3 Click Edit, Copy Rule.

84 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 6

 You can also copy an element by selecting an element in the Edit Rule List

box and clicking the Copy Rule button.

Displaying text in elements

You can create an element rule that will display text as part of the element formatting. For example, you can create an element rule that will display the document author’s name whenever the Author element is inserted into the XML document.

To insert text with element content

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click Display, Text.

4 Type the text in the Text box that you want to display when the selected

element is inserted into the XML document.

Deleting element rules

You can delete element rules that are no longer required.

To delete element rules

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Choose an element from the Edit Rule List box.

3 Click Edit, Delete Rule.

Restoring element rules

You can restore up to ten element rules that you have deleted.

To restore element rules

 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, click Edit, Undelete Rule.

Working with elements

 You can also restore your last deletion by clicking the Undelete Rule

button on the Property Bar.

Reverting element rules

You can revert most element rules in either their start or end tags. For a list of formatting features that you can revert, see “Overview Features that can be reverted” on page 86. For example, the style applied to an XML document specifies a document font size of 12 point. You insert an element that specifies a 20 point font. When the element’s end tag is encountered, the layout information “reverts” back to the 12 point font size.

To revert an element rule

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Do one of the following:

 Click the Elements button on the Property Bar, then choose an

element.

 Choose an element in the Edit Rule List box, then click Edit, Edit Rule.

3 Click in the End Tag Entries Before Revert box.

4 Click Insert, Revert.

5 Choose the feature you want to revert from the Function list box.

 The Functions list box displays only those features that can be reverted

with the exception of on/off functions. On/off functions do not display in the Functions list box but can be reverted.

Features that can be reverted

You can revert any of the formatting features in the list below in either their start or end tag with the exception of Center Page and Columns. Center Page cannot be turned off in the end tag, and Columns is automatically turned off in the end tag.

For example, you can define a style in WordPerfect that applies a 12 point font size to documents. You can then associate this style with an element rule using the WordPerfect XML Project Designer. You can create and insert an element that specifies a 20 point font. When the end tag of the element is encountered, the layout information “reverts” to the 12 point font size.

86 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 6

You can revert the following formatting features:

 counters

 font appearance, size, color, and position

 justification

 line spacing

 margins

 page numbering, page style, page position, page format, and page size

 underlined spaces and tabs

 widows/orphans

Examples of revert

 The element rule specified in the start tag for an element invokes

columns. At the end tag of the element, the columns end. Formatting rules specified in the Rule Entry for End Tag (Before Revert) box appear inside the columns. Formatting rules specified in Rule Entry For End Tag (After The Revert) box appear after the columns end.

 You want an element called Warning to display the title “WARNING” in a

20 point font in the color red, but you want the text of warning to display in the font and color of its parent element. To do this, the first rules in the Start Tag box must specify the font point size and color, and the subsequent rule must specify that the text to insert is “WARNING”. The last rule must specify a revert of font size and color.

Working with elements

EDITING XML DOCUMENTS 7

When you edit an XML document, you can

 display the XML content model in order to better understand the

structure of elements

 use the XML Tree to edit documents

 edit element attributes

 rename elements

 find and replace elements, tags, or text

 insert text and file references to reference information that is external to

the current XML document

You can also use the power of the WordPerfect writing tools to check spelling and correct typing errors automatically with QuickCorrect.

Displaying the XML content model

The content model displays an interpretation of the items the selected element can contain (similar to the original content model defined in the DTD). The content model shows the XML group connectors and occurrence indicators for the selected element.

To display the XML content model

1 In WordPerfect, open or create an XML document.

2 Click the XML button on the Property Bar, then click Content Model.

Editing XML documents 89

 If you have specified an alias file that contains alias names for the

elements in the current WordPerfect template, the alias names will appear in the content model.

 You can also access the XML Content Model by right-clicking the XML

Tree and clicking Content Model.

Using the XML Tree to edit documents

You can quickly edit document elements using the tree view which shows a page view of the document on one side and a structured document view on the other.

To use the XML Tree to edit documents

1 In WordPerfect, open or create an XML document.

2 Click the XML button on the Property Bar, then click Show XML Tree.

3 Right-click on an element in the XML Tree window to access menu

commands for editing.

 You can also display the XML Tree by clicking the XML Tree button.

 You can also double-click on an element in the XML Tree to edit its

attributes.

Editing elements and attributes

Elements are specific components of a document that have been identified and marked with SGML or XML tags. Attributes qualify the formatting and content of an element. You can define attributes that:

 specify formats such as font style or justification definitions

 specify what the content of an element should be. For example, an

attribute could specify that the content of the element status be either public or confidential.

You can edit elements by renaming elements or by copying an element rule from one element to another. You can also change the attributes associated with an element. To make it easier for you to edit elements and attributes, you can search for elements, tags, or text. You can also perform an automatic search and replace to quickly replace elements, tags, or text.

90 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 7

Editing element attributes

You can use the XML Tree to quickly locate the element you want to edit. An element with attributes can be easily identified by the plus sign that follows the element name. Click on the plus sign to display the associated attributes.

To edit an element attribute

1 In WordPerfect, open or create an XML document.

2 In the XML document, position the cursor after the element for which you

want to edit attributes.

3 Click the XML button, then click Edit Attributes.

4 Choose an attribute from the Attributes section.

5 Click the Edit Value button, then do one of the following:

 Choose a value from the list if the attribute you selected is of the type

List, Entity, or Entities

 Type a value if the attribute is of any other type

6 Click one of the following buttons:

 Click the OK button if the attribute is not of the type List, Entity, or

Entities. The attribute value is validated when you click OK.

 Click the Select button for any other type of attribute.

To delete an element attribute

1 Follow steps 1 to 4 from the above procedure.

2 Click the Delete Attribute button.

Renaming elements

In SGML, you can rename elements provided that the new name has been defined in the DTD. In XML, you can rename elements to make the name more meaningful without the new name being defined in the DTD.

To rename elements

1 In WordPerfect, open or create an XML document.

2 Position the cursor after the start tag for the element you want to rename.

3 Click the XML button on the property bar, then choose Element Edit.

4 Type a new name for the element in the Element box.

Editing XML documents

Applying a rule to another element

You can apply an element rule to another element by renaming the rule.

To apply a rule to another element

1 In the WordPerfect XML Project Designer, open or create an XML

project.

2 Choose an element from the Element Rule List box.

2 Click Edit, Rename Rule.

3 Choose an element from the list box, then click OK.

 You can also rename an element by clicking the Rename Rule button on

the toolbar.

Finding and replacing elements, tags, and text

In WordPerfect, you can search for

 start tags or end tags

 marked sections

 processing instructions

 an element with specific attributes or a specific attribute value

You can also search for the following codes:

 entity references (shown as XML Entity Ref in the Codes dialog box)

 character references (shown as XML Char Ref in the Codes dialog box)

 marked sections (shown as XML Mrk Sec On and XML Mrk Sec Off in the

Codes dialog box)

 processing instructions (shown as XML Proc Inst On and XML Proc Inst

Off in the Codes dialog box)

 WP DATA (shown as XML WP Data On and XML WP Data Off in the

Codes dialog box)

Using WordPerfect, you can find and replace text in your XML documents.

Finding start tags or end tags

You can locate elements by searching for their tags. WordPerfect searches for the start or end tag of the element closest to the cursor.

92 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 7

To find an element’s start or end tag

1 In WordPerfect, choose an element in the XML Tree or position the

cursor in the XML document.

2 Right-click in the XML Tree, then click Find Start or Find End.

Finding specific codes

You can search for a variety of XML codes. For a list of codes, see “Finding elements tags or text” on page 92.

To find specific codes

1 In WordPerfect, open an XML document.

2 Click Edit, Find And Replace.

3 Click Match, Codes.

4 Choose the type of code you want to find from the Find Codes box.

5 Click the Insert And Close button.

6 Click the Find Next button.

 To display only merge codes in the Find Codes box, enable the Display

Merge Codes Only check box.

Finding and replacing text within elements

WordPerfect allows you to search for text within specific elements.

To find and replace text within elements

1 In WordPerfect, open or create an XML document, then click Edit, Find

And Replace.

2 Type the text you want to search for in the Find box.

3 Type the text you want to use as a replacement in the Replace With box.

4 Click Match, Elements.

5 Enable the Use Match Element Conditions To Limit The Find check box.

6 Enable one of the following buttons:

 Listed Element Order — searches for text within elements in the

order the elements are listed in the Elements To Search In boxes

Editing XML documents

 Any Listed Element — searches for text within all elements

7 Choose an element in which you want to search for text from the

Elements to Search In text box.

8 If you want to exclude an element from the search, choose an element

from the Elements To Ignore text box.

9 Repeat step 7 or 8 until you have specified all the elements you want to

include or exclude.

Using text and file references

When you want to reference information external to the active XML document, you can use either text or file references.

You use file references to link information in external files to an XML document. These files are referred to as external entities. External entity references can specify graphics, non-XML data, or other types of external data.

Some document type definitions (DTDs) define external entity references so that any document using that DTD can access the same resources.

You can also define external entity references for use only with the current XML document. These user-declared external entity references might specify graphics, charts, sound, or video used in that particular document.

You can specify data attributes for the specified notation when you are creating or editing a file reference (also called an external entity). You can also edit a notation attribute value.

Using WordPerfect 9, you can

 insert text references

 create and insert file references

 edit or delete file references

 use notations

Inserting text references

You can insert text references that consist of text, processing instructions, or specific character data.

To insert text references

1 In WordPerfect, open or create an XML document.

2 Click the XML button on the Property Bar, then click Text References.

94 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 7

3 Click one of the following buttons:

 Text — displays existing text references in the Text Reference box

 Processing Instruction — displays existing text references that consist

of processing instructions in the Text Reference box

 Specific Character Data — displays existing text references that

consist of specific character data in the Text Reference box

4 Choose a reference in the Text Reference box, then click the Insert

button.

 Character mappings are not displayed in the text reference listing.

 If no entities of a selected type have been defined in the document,

document type, or WordPerfect template, the Text Reference box is empty.

Creating and inserting file references

File references link information in external files to an XML document. File references can be defined in the DTD or created by the user. When you define a file reference, you can define a Public Identifier, a System Identifier, or a path and filename.

To create file references

1 In WordPerfect, open or create an XML document.

2 Click the XML button on the Property Bar, then click File References.

3 Click the User Declared button in the Reference Type section, then click

the New button.

4 Type a name for the reference in the Name box.

5 To include a public identifier, type the public identifier in the Public ID

box.

6 To include a path and file name, click the folder icon next to the File Path

box, then locate the external entity file.

7 Choose a data type from the Data Type list box to specify what the entity

will contain.

NDATA, SDATA, and CDATA are allowed only if the document type you have selected contains at least one notation.

Editing XML documents

8 If you specified NDATA, SDATA, or CDATA as the data type, choose the

notation name from the Notation list box.

9 If the Notation name you choose has attributes defined for it, click the

Attributes button to specify attributes for the Notation.

 If there is not a corresponding external entity declaration in the

document, document type, or WordPerfect template, file references are not validated.

 XML uses public identifiers to distinguish an entity for a receiving

system. A public identifier is a label that identifies an entity to a receiving system without including the path and filename of the entity on that system.

To insert file references

1 In WordPerfect, open or create an XML document.

2 Click the XML button on the Property Bar, then click File References.

3 Click one of the following option buttons in the Reference Type section:

 All — displays all file references

 User Declared — displays only file references that have been defined

by the user

 DTD Declared — displays only file references that are defined in the

DTD

4 Choose a reference from the File Reference box, then click the Insert

button.

 If no entities for the reference type you selected have been defined in the

document, document type, or WordPerfect template, the File Reference box is empty.

Editing and deleting file references

You can edit a file reference when you want to change the information to which the document is linked or delete file references when you no longer want information linked.

96 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 7

To edit file references

1 In WordPerfect, open or create an XML document.

2 Click the XML button on the Property Bar, then click File References.

3 Click the User Declared option button in the Reference Type section,

choose a reference from the File References box, then click the Edit button.

4 Do any of the following:

 To edit the name of the file reference, click in the Name box

 To include a public ID, type the public identifier for the file reference in

the Public ID box

 To include a folder on your hard drive or on a network drive, click the

folder icon next to the File Path box, then locate the external entity file.

5 Choose a data type from the Data Type list box to specify what the entity

will contain. NDATA, SDATA, and CDATA are allowed only if the document type you have selected contains at least one notation.

6 If you specified NDATA, SDATA, or CDATA as the data type, choose the

notation name from the Notation list.

7 If the Notation name you choose has attributes defined for it, click the

Attributes button to specify attributes for the Notation.

 XML uses public identifiers to distinguish an entity for a receiving

system. A public identifier is a label that identifies an entity to a receiving system without including the path and filename of the entity on that system.

To delete file references

1 In WordPerfect, open or create an XML document.

2 Click the XML button on the Property Bar, then click File References.

3 Click the User Declared option button, then choose the reference you

want to delete from the File Reference box.

4 Click the Delete button.

Editing XML documents

Using notations

Notations are defined in the DTD. They are used to identify the type of data contained in an external entity.

If the notation declaration has attributes defined in the DTD, you can specify data attributes for the selected notation when you create or edit file references. You can also edit a notation attribute value.

To specify an attribute value for a notation

1 In WordPerfect, open or create an XML document.

2 Click the XML button on the Property Bar, then click File References.

3 Click the User Declared option button in the Reference Type section, then

click the New or Edit button.

4 Do the following:

 Type a name for the file reference in the Name box.

 Choose a data type from the Data Type list box.

 Choose a notation from the Notation list box.

5 Click the Attributes button.

6 Choose an attribute from the Error/Present/Attributes box, then click OK.

7 Double-click an attribute in the Attributes list.

A check mark indicates that the attribute is selected.

8 Repeat step 7 to choose additional attribute values.

To edit a notation attribute

1 In WordPerfect, open or create an XML document.

2 Click the XML button on the Property Bar, then click File References.

3 Click the User Declared option button in the Reference Type section.

4 Choose a file reference in the File Reference list, then click the Edit

button.

5 Click the Attributes button, then choose an attribute in the

Errors/Present/Attributes box.

6 Click the Edit Value button.

7 Type a value for the attribute, then click the OK button to return to the

Data Attributes dialog box.

98 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 7

WORKING WITH TABLES,

MACROS, AND GRAPHICS 8

Tagging tables

Automatic table tagging is a powerful and useful XML feature. If you have a lot of tables in your document, you can save time by not marking up tables manually.

To tag tables automatically, you must include one of the table types WordPerfect supports in your DTD. WordPerfect includes table DTD fragments that support the following types of markup:

Association of American Publishers (AAP)

Defined by the AAP in Markup of Tabular Material, part of the Electronic Manuscript Series designed for use with the American National Standard for Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup.

Computer-aided Acquisition and Life-Cycle Support (CALS)

Defined by the CALS initiative of the U.S. Department of Defense in military specification MIL-M-28001A.

WordPerfect Table Tagging Method

WordPerfect DTD that supports tables created using WordPerfect 5.1, 6.0,

6.1, 7, 8, and 9.

Working with tables, macros, and graphics 99

HTML

Defined by Netscape as extensions to the HTML 2.0 DTD.

If more than one table model is supported by a given DTD, WordPerfect searches for the table model in the following order and uses the first table model it finds, ignoring all others.

1 WordPerfect 6.x to 9

2 WordPerfect 5.x

3 CALS

4 AAP

5 HTML 3.2

The following table DTD fragments and the HTML DTD are included with WordPerfect. The HTML DTD contains a table fragment that can be used in other DTDs.

DTD Explanation

Aap_tbl.dtd Defined by Association of American Publishers (AAP).

Cals_tbl.dtd Table type defined by the Cals.dtd.

Cals_xml.dtd CALS table information considered relevant by the SGML features of

WordPerfect 9.

Wptable.dtd Support for WordPerfect 5.x-level tables.

Wp60tbl.dtd Full-featured table DTD designed to work with WP 6.x, 7 and 8 tables.

Wp60min.dtd Simplified version of Wp60tbl.dtd.

Html_tbl.dtd HTML 3.2 level DTD that contains a table fragment that can be used in

other DTDs.

Tagging elements automatically using macros

You can also save time by using macros to automate document tagging. For example, you might create a macro that searches for a style, selects the style and its contents, and then inserts the <TITLE> element around the selected text.

Working with graphics

You can insert and edit graphics just as you would in a word-processing environment. You can also associate a graphic with an element using the WordPerfect XML Project Designer.

100 WordPerfect 9 XML: Chapter 8

Corel WordPerfect - 9 XML User’s Guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Table of contents

Developing XML projects 11