Corel WordPerfect - 8 Instruction Manual

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Corel®WordPerfect®8

for UNIX

User’s Guide

Contents

Getting Started Documentation for Corel WordPerfect ............................. 11

The Basics ................................................... 12

Getting Help ................................................ 16

A Brief Lesson ................................................ 16

Reference Advance .................................................... 21

Append ..................................................... 24

Attributes ................................................... 25

Auto Code Placement .......................................... 28

Backup, Original .............................................. 30

Backup, Timed ............................................... 32

BarCode ................................................... 33

Beep Options ................................................ 35

Binding ..................................................... 36

Block, Define ................................................ 38

Block Protect ................................................ 40

Cancel ..................................................... 42

Capitalization ................................................ 43

Cartridges/Fonts/Print Wheels ................................... 44

Center Page ................................................. 49

Center Text .................................................. 50

Change Mode ................................................ 53

Colors/Fonts/Attributes ........................................ 54

Columns, Display ............................................. 56

Columns, Newspaper .......................................... 57

Columns, Parallel ............................................. 61

Compose ................................................... 65

Conditional End of Page ........................................ 67

Convert Program ............................................. 69

Corel

Cross-Reference .............................................. 71

Cursor Movement ............................................. 77

Date ....................................................... 79

Delete Codes ................................................ 82

Delete Files .................................................. 83

Delete Text .................................................. 84

Directories .................................................. 85

Display Pitch ................................................ 87

Display Setup ................................................ 89

Document Comments ......................................... 90

Document Compare ........................................... 92

Document Conversion, Versions 4.2 and 5.0 to 8c .................... 95

Document Conversion, Versions 8c to 5.1 .......................... 96

Document Format ............................................ 96

Document Summary .......................................... 97

Edit-Screen Options .......................................... 102

Environment Setup ........................................... 104

Equations .................................................. 107

Equations, Commands, and Symbols ............................. 116

Versions®.............................................. 70

Equations: Commands Syntax .................................. 124

Exit....................................................... 135

Fast Save (unformatted) ....................................... 139

Find ...................................................... 139

Find, Conditions ............................................ 142

Flush Right ................................................. 144

Font ...................................................... 146

Footnotes and Endnotes ....................................... 149

Footnotes and Endnotes, Options ................................ 153

Force Odd/Even Page ......................................... 156

Format .................................................... 157

Generate ................................................... 159

GoTo..................................................... 161

Go to Corel Shell ............................................ 162

GotoUNIX................................................ 163

Graphics, Conversion Program .................................. 164

Graphics, Create ............................................. 166

Graphics, Define a Box ........................................ 170

Graphics, Edit ............................................... 178

Graphics, Formats and Programs ................................. 182

Graphics Lines .............................................. 187

Graphics Options ............................................ 190

Graphics Screen Type ......................................... 193

Hard Space ................................................. 196

Headers and Footers .......................................... 196

Help/Keystrokes ............................................. 199

Hyphenation ................................................ 201

Hyphenation Zone ........................................... 204

Indent ..................................................... 206

Index ..................................................... 207

Index, Concordance, and Mark Text .............................. 208

Index, Define ............................................... 211

Initial Codes ................................................ 212

Initial Settings ............................................... 214

Job Control ................................................ 218

JobType ................................................... 220

Justification ................................................. 221

Kerning .................................................... 224

Keyboard Layout ............................................ 225

Keyboard Layout, Edit ........................................ 228

Keyboard Layout, Map ........................................ 232

Labels ..................................................... 236

Language .................................................. 243

Language Resource File ........................................ 245

Line Draw .................................................. 250

Line Format ................................................ 252

Line Height ................................................ 253

Line Numbering ............................................. 256

Line Spacing ................................................ 257

List Files ................................................... 258

Lists ...................................................... 264

Lists, Define ................................................ 265

Lists, Mark Text ............................................. 266

Location of Files ............................................. 267

Locked Documents ........................................... 270

Look ...................................................... 272

Macros .................................................... 275

Macros, Conversion Program ................................... 276

Macros, Define .............................................. 278

Macros, Execute ............................................. 283

Macros, International Interface .................................. 284

Macros, Macro Editor ......................................... 285

Macros, Message Display ...................................... 289

MakeItFit™ ............................................... 297

Margin Release .............................................. 298

Margins, Left and Right ....................................... 298

Margins, Top and Bottom ...................................... 299

Master Documents ........................................... 300

Math...................................................... 304

Math, Define Columns ........................................ 308

Math, Formulas ............................................. 311

Math—Row Titles, Numbers, and Functions ....................... 314

Menu Options .............................................. 316

Merge ..................................................... 318

Move ..................................................... 327

Move, Block ................................................ 329

Other Format ............................................... 334

Outline, Create .............................................. 335

Outline, Define ............................................. 341

Outline, Style ............................................... 346

Overstrike .................................................. 350

Page, Soft and Hard .......................................... 352

Page Format ................................................ 353

Page Numbering ............................................. 355

Paper Size/Type .............................................. 358

Paragraph Numbering ......................................... 364

Port Control ................................................ 368

Print, Document on Disk ...................................... 370

Print, Document on Screen ..................................... 373

Print Color ................................................. 374

Print Job, Cancel ............................................. 375

Print Options ............................................... 377

Print Quality ................................................ 378

Printer, Edit ................................................ 380

Printer, Select ............................................... 382

Printer Commands ........................................... 385

Printer Functions ............................................ 386

Printer Program .............................................. 390

Printer Program, AutoFont ..................................... 395

Printer Program, Customize Substitute Fonts ....................... 398

Printer Program, Modify Automatic Font Changes ................... 400

Printing—General Information .................................. 403

Printing, Landscape ........................................... 406

Printing, Stop ............................................... 409

Printing to Disk ............................................. 410

Pull-Down Menus ............................................ 411

QuickCorrect™ ............................................. 413

Redline/Strikeout ............................................ 414

Repeat Value ................................................ 414

Replace .................................................... 416

Retrieve .................................................... 418

Return, Soft and Hard ........................................ 420

Reveal Codes ............................................... 423

Rewrite .................................................... 425

Save ...................................................... 426

Screen ..................................................... 427

Search ..................................................... 428

Setup ..................................................... 430

Sheet Feeder ................................................ 431

Sort....................................................... 432

Sort,Keys .................................................. 437

Sort, Select Records ........................................... 439

Speller, Check Spelling ........................................ 441

Speller, Dictionaries .......................................... 446

Speller, Look Up Words ....................................... 449

Speller, Word Count .......................................... 450

Speller Utility ............................................... 451

Spreadsheet, Import and Link ................................... 456

Spreadsheet, Link Options ..................................... 462

Style ...................................................... 463

Style, Create ................................................ 468

Suppress Page Format ......................................... 472

Switch ..................................................... 474

Tab ....................................................... 476

Tab Align .................................................. 478

TabSet .................................................... 479

Table, Create ................................................ 484

Table, Edit Structure .......................................... 491

Table, Format Columns and Cells ................................ 502

Table, Math ................................................ 507

Table of Authorities .......................................... 512

Table of Authorities, Define .................................... 513

Table of Authorities, Mark Text ................................. 515

Table of Contents ............................................ 518

Table of Contents, Define ...................................... 519

Table of Contents, Mark Text ................................... 520

TextIn/Out ................................................ 521

TextScreenSize ............................................. 524

Thesaurus .................................................. 525

Typeover ................................................... 527

Undelete ................................................... 529

Units of Measure ............................................. 530

View Document ............................................. 532

View Document, Options ...................................... 533

Widow/Orphan ............................................. 534

Window ................................................... 535

Word and Letter Spacing ....................................... 536

Appendix Appendix A: ASCII Conversion Chart ............................ 541

Appendix B: Codes ........................................... 545

Appendix C: Environment Variables .............................. 549

Appendix D: Equation Palette ................................... 552

Appendix E: Error Messages .................................... 563

Appendix F: Graphics Images ................................... 569

Appendix G: Initial Settings .................................... 572

Appendix H: Keyboards ....................................... 576

Appendix I: Macros and Merge, Comparison ....................... 582

Appendix J: Macros and Merge, Expressions ........................ 586

Appendix K: Macros and Merge, Programming Commands ............ 592

Appendix L: Macros and Merge, Value Tables ....................... 675

Appendix M: Macros and Merge, Variables ......................... 709

Appendix N: Pull-Down Menus ................................. 714

Appendix O: Startup Options ................................... 718

Appendix P: Corel WordPerfect Characters ......................... 721

Appendix Q: NROFF/TROFF Convert Program .................... 728

Glossary/Index Glossary ................................................... 731

Index ..................................................... 735

Getting Started

••••••••••••••••••••••••

Getting Started

Documentation for Corel WordPerfect

This manual is designed to assist you in using Corel WordPerfect 8 for characterbased terminals. If you want help with Corel WordPerfect 8 for the X Window System, there are several resources available.

Online Manual

The online User’s Guide is available locally in Adobe Acrobat (.pdf ) format, in ASCII text format for the SCO version of Corel WordPerfect, or from the Word Wide Web (in HTML format).

The Acrobat version of the Corel WordPerfect 8 for the X Window System User’s Guide is available on the Corel WordPerfect for UNIX CD. See your system administrator if the wp8gui.pdf file has not been installed with the rest of the Corel WordPerfect files. If you are using the SCO version of Corel WordPerfect, the User’s Guide is available in ASCII text format instead of Acrobat format. See your system administrator if the wp8gui.txt file has not been installed with the rest of the Corel WordPerfect files. You can view acopy of the manual in HTML format using your Internet browser for all versions of Corel WordPerfect 8 for the XWindow System.

To open the local version of the manual,

1 Start Corel WordPerfect 8 for the X Window System. 2 Choose Online Help from the Help menu. 3 Choose WP Online Manual.

To view the HTML version of the manual,

1 Start Corel WordPerfect 8 for the X Window System. 2 Choose Online Help from the Help menu. 3 Choose WP HTML Manual.

You can access the manual directly from your Web browser using the following URL:

http://www.sdcorp.com/products/wp8/info

Using the Online Manual

The online User’s Guide includes Getting Started, Lessons, and Reference sections.

Getting Started

This section includes an overview of the manual and online Help, and a brief introduction to Corel WordPerfect 8.

Lessons

The lessons help you to create and format a variety of documents using Corel WordPerfect. These lessons are useful if you’re new to word processing or to Corel WordPerfect.

Reference

The alphabetically-arranged, task-oriented sections in the Reference can answer questions you have as you use Corel WordPerfect. The sections include general steps for using a feature, as well as additional information when needed.

Documentation for Corel WordPerfect 11

Online Help Use Corel WordPerfect’s online Help system to get immediate information

about Corel WordPerfect 8 for the X Window System features and options.

Help Menu

You can access the full range of Help topics using the following items from the Help menu:

Choose Menu Item

Contents List of Help contents and access to Search (Index),

Search for Help on List of Help topics in alphabetical order How Do I Instructions for performing common tasks; for

Macros Online Macros Manual Online Help Access to Automated Support, the online manual in

About Corel WordPerfect

To G e t

How Do I, Glossary, Menu Commands, Corel WordPerfect Bars, and Using Help

example, you might ask, “How do I save a document?”

Adobe Acrobat format, and the online manual on the World Wide Web

Information about your license number, your network username, your version of Corel WordPerfect, the network setup, system, printer, and environment

README Files

README files contain information about changes to the program that were made after the manuals were printed. Be sure to retrieve README files into Corel WordPerfect and read through them.

The Basics

Installation Your system administrator should have already installed Corel WordPerfect 8 for

character-based terminals. If it is not working, please contact your system administrator.

The Template

Start Corel WordPerfect

The template is an optional menu card that fits onto your keyboard and shows the locations of Corel WordPerfect function keys. If your template does not fit the keyboard you are using, contact your system administrator for a replacement.

Once Corel WordPerfect has been installed by your system administrator, you are ready to start the program.

12 The Basics

First log on to your terminal, then follow the procedure below that matches your system setup.

•

If you see the shell prompt after you log on, enter wp to start Corel WordPerfect.

•

If you see a menu of applications to select from, choose the letter or number that corresponds to Corel WordPerfect.

Clean Screen

Cursor

Document (1 of 9)

Status line

Keys to Know

When you begin a new document, you are in the editing screen.

Page

Line

Position

The cursor points to the current position on the screen. The status line displays the position of the cursor, messages, or warnings. When you save a document, the status line also displays the filename of the document on the editing screen.

Initial (default) formats, such as margins, tabs, and line spacing, are already set. You can, however, change them at any time in the document (see Appendix G: Initial Settings for a complete list of initial format settings).

Backspace

Erases characters to the immediate left of the cursor as you type.

Cancel

Backs you out of features that display a message on the status line, such as Block, Exit, or Retrieve. It also backs you out of any menu. Cancel can also be used to restore text that has been erased by the delete keys.

Delete

Deletes text at the cursor position.

Exit

Saves or exits a menu or a document, exits Corel WordPerfect without saving a document, or clears the screen.

Help

Displays on-screen information about any feature you are using. You can also use this feature to display the Corel WordPerfect template or a list of features that begin with a specific letter. Pressing Return or the Space Bar exits the help screen.

The Basics 13

Return

Ends a short line of text, or sends a command to your terminal. For example, to save or retrieve a file, you must type a filename, then press Return. You can also use Return to accept a default prompt.

Function Keys

Pull-Down Menus

You use function keys to access the many features in the program. The function keys you press will vary depending on the keyboard you are using. The template shows the location of function keys.

You can change these assignments to suit your needs. For further information on keyboard assignments, see Keyboard Layout.

For more information about assigning Help to Cancel, Cancel to Escape, and Repeat Value to Help, see Alternate Keyboard under Environment Setup.

Use pull-down menus to select features.

Pull-down menu titles appear in a bar at the top of the screen. Hold down the Escape key and press the equal sign key (=). To select features in the pull-down menus, use the arrow keys and press Return. You can also select these features by typing the mnemonic letter that is highlighted in the feature name (S for Save).

If you prefer to use the pull-down menus, look for this symbol:

j. Throughout

the documentation, this symbol will be followed by the name of the pull-down menu where you can find the feature.

Example:

j Select Append from the Edit menu.

14 The Basics

Menu Options Some features, such as Print, give you a menu of options, as in the example

below.

When you are in one of these menus, there are two ways to select an option.

•

Type the option number, such as (1) for Full Document. (Use the numbers at the top of the keyboard, not the numbers on the number pad.)

•

Type the mnemonic letter that is highlighted in the option name (P for Page).

Codes

Exit Corel WordPerfect

Codes are commands that tell Corel WordPerfect and your printer what to do. When you use a feature such as Block or Underline, the commands are inserted in your document. You can see the codes in Reveal Codes. See Appendix B: Codes for a list of all codes.

When you finish using Corel WordPerfect, you must exit before turning off your terminal.

1 Press Exit.

j Select Exit from the File menu.

2 Press y to save the document, then enter a filename.

Press n to continue exiting without saving the document.

3 Press y to exit.

There are several save options. For further information, see Save.

The Basics

Getting Help

If you want help with Corel WordPerfect as you work, there are several sources available.

Help Feature

Reference Manual

Press the Help key to display on-screen information about features.

This manual describes how each feature works.

A Brief Lesson

Creating the Document After you start Corel WordPerfect, you are ready to start typing. If you make

any mistakes, you can use Backspace to erase them. When a line fills with text, the cursor returns to the left margin on a new line.

This automatic return is known as word wrapping.

1 Type the following note without pressing Return at the end of a line.

Remember the discussion we had about starting a study abroad program? I just returned from a study abroad conference in Illinois, and I have an outline I want you to read. Please stop by my office when you are at this end of campus, and we can talk about it.

Editing the Document

You just created your first document, but you see parts of the document you want to edit.

Moving the Cursor

Move the cursor by using the Up and Down Arrow keys, or the Left and Right Arrow keys on your keyboard.

Some keyboards have a separate number pad that is also used for cursor control. The Num Lock key (or its equivalent) operates as a toggle to turn Num Lock on and off. When Num Lock is turned off, the number pad can be used for cursor control. To find the alternate cursor toggle keystroke, press Help, Help, Right Arrow. An additional help screen labeled Miscellaneous Corel WordPerfect Functions appears. The function name is Keypad Numeric/Application-mode toggle.

1 Using the arrow keys, move the cursor to the uppercase R in Remember. Insert vs. Typeover

By default, Insert is on. Text you type is inserted at the cursor, moving the existing text to the right. To type over existing text use Typeover. Press Help to access appropriate keystrokes.

2 Type Do you and press the Space Bar. 3 Press Insert. Notice that Typeover appears at the bottom left of the screen. 4 Type a lowercase r to replace the existing R.

16 A Brief Lesson

5 Press Insert to end Typeover and return to Insert. 6 Move the cursor to the h in have in the second sentence. 7 Press Delete until the sentence (including the period) is erased.

Many keyboard functions will repeat if you hold down the key. Holding down a key too long can insert unwanted codes and delete other necessary codes.

8 Type think I've come up with an outline that will make us all very

happy.

9 Move the cursor to the v in very. Block and Underline

Block defines portions of text for use with other features.

1 Press Block, then press Right Arrow until very is highlighted.

j Select Block from the Edit menu, then press Right Arrow until very is highlighted.

2 Press Underline.

Select Appearance from the Font menu, then select Underline. You can block characters, words, sentences, or entire pages. If you had blocked

the rest of the note from very forward, the entire block would have been underlined.

3 Move the cursor to the D in Do at the beginning of the note. 4 Press Return two times to add blank lines at the beginning of the note. Using the Home Key

Use the Home key to move through the document quickly.

1 Press Home key twice, then Up Arrow to go to the top of the document. 2 Type Mitch, 3 Return to the D in Do at the beginning of the note. 4 Press Ta b .

A Brief Lesson 17

Saving the Document You typed the note and now you want to save it. When you save a document, all

document initial settings are saved, including printer selection.

1 Press Save.

j Select Save from the File menu.

A message appears on the status line at the bottom of the screen: “Document to be Saved:”

2 Type study as the filename, then press Return.

The name of your document and the directory appear on the status line at the bottom of the screen. This original document is now saved. Any changes you make in the rest of the lesson are only temporary. The changes do not affect the original document, unless you save them under the same filename.

Printing the Document

Saving the Document and Exiting

From the screen, you can print a document, page, or a block of text.

1 Press Print to display the Print menu.

j Select Print from the File menu.

2 Select Full Document (1) from the Print menu to send the note to the

printer.

If your printer does not print, make sure it is turned on, it is on-line, and the printer cable is attached securely to your computer and printer. If you still cannot print, contact your system administrator.

You already saved your original document. You can also save your document and exit Corel WordPerfect at the same time.

1 Press Exit.

j Select Exit from the File menu.

A message appears on the status line at the bottom of the screen asking you if you want to “Save Document? Yes (No).”

2 Type y, then press Return to save it with the study filename.

Pressing Return will automatically select the default option.

Because there is already a document with the filename study, the message on the status line asks if you want to replace the previously saved document. If you had changed any text, the new version of the text would replace the old version.

3 Type y.

The message on the status line asks if you want to “Exit WP? No(Yes).”

4 Type y to exit.

For information on other saving and filing options, see Save and List Files.

18 A Brief Lesson

Reference

••••••••••••••••••••••••

Reference

Advance

Use Advance to position text at an exact location on a page. Advance can place text in graphics images. In the image below, Advance positions “Help!” inside the cartoon bubble.

HELP!

Use Advance to fill in spaces in existing forms, such as positioning text to fit in a pre-printed form (see Filling in Forms below).

When you use different fonts and type sizes, use Advance to move to a specific position on a page without having to calculate the line height required to reach that position. You can also used Advance to manually kern characters (see Wo r d and Letter Spacing).

To use advance,

1 Move the cursor to where you want the advance to begin. 2 Press Format, then select Other (4).

j Select Other from the Layout menu.

3 Select Advance (1), then select the advance option of your choice (see

Advance Options below).

4 Enter a distance. 5 Press Exit to return to the document. 6 Type the text.

Advance 21

Notes Advance and Graphics Images

If you use Advance to position text in a graphics image, make sure the Wrap Text Around Box option for the graphics box that contains the image is set to No. If it is set to yes, you cannot position text inside the box (see Graphics, Define a Box).

Advance and Page Breaks

Use Advance to move the cursor on the current page only. You cannot enter an Advance measurement which advances the cursor past a page break (see Page, Soft and Hard).

Advance Options

If you select Advance Up (1), Down (2), Left (4), or Right (5), the distance you enter is measured relative to the cursor position. For example, if you enter an Advance Left measurement of 1 and the cursor is at position 3.5 , you will be advanced to position 2.5 on the same line.

If you select Advance to Line (3) or Position (6), the distance you enter is an absolute position on the page, regardless of where the cursor is located at that time.

Advance to Line is a vertical measurement, measured from the top edge of the page. For example, if you enter an Advance to Line measurement of 3 , you will be advanced 3 down from the top edge of the page.

Advance to Position is a horizontal measurement, measured from the left edge of the page. For example, if you enter an Advance to Position measurement of 3 , you will be advanced 3 in from the left edge of the page.

You cannot advance vertically and horizontally using one Advance code. To change the cursor position to a new vertical and horizontal position, you must enter two Advance codes.

Cursor Position

Advance inserts an Advance code into your document which indicates the type of advance you selected and the distance. This does not change the on-screen position of the cursor. However, any change in location is reflected in the “Ln” and “Pos” numbers on the status line.

If you do not know the position of specific text in your document, move the cursor to that text, using Reveal Codes. Make sure the cursor is placed after the Advance code, then check the position displayed on the status line. You can also use View Document to preview where the text will be printed on the page.

Filling in Forms

When you select Advance to Line (3) from the Advance options and enter a distance, text is printed immediately below the distance you enter. For example,

22 Advance

Advance measurement

if you enter an Advance to Line measurement of 3 , the full line of text is printed immediately below 3 from the top of the page.

Line of text Baseline

Advance measurement

Line of text Baseline

Text is immediately below the distance you enter.

When you place text in pre-printed forms, set the Baseline Placement for Typesetters option on the Format: Printer Functions menu to Yes. You may also want to enter a fixed line height and enter a fixed line measurement (see Line Height). Text is printed on top of the line instead of below the line. If you enter an Advance to Line measurement of 3 , the bottom or baseline of your text is printed 3 down from the top of the page.

The baseline of your text will be 3 inches down.

Advance 23

Append

Returning to the Original Position

To return the cursor to its original position after using Advance, insert an Advance to Line and an Advance to Position measurement. For example, if you were originally at the Position 1 Line 1 position, return the cursor to that position by entering an Advance to Line measurement of 1 and an Advance to Position measurement of 1 .

Text Boxes

Advance code measurements inside text boxes are measured from the top left corner of the box.

Append adds text on the screen to an existing file on disk. Text is added to the end of the file.

1 Move the cursor to the text you want to append. 2 Press Move.

j Choose Select from the Edit menu.

3 Select Sentence (1), Paragraph (2), or Page (3) to highlight the sentence,

paragraph, or page on which the cursor is resting.

You can also append a block of text (see Blocks of Text below).

4 Select Append (4). 5 Enter the name of the file to which you want to append the text (see Entering

Filenames below). If the file does not exist, it will be created.

Notes

24 Append

Append and Macros

If you use Append in macros, a new file is automatically created if the filename you enter does not exist.

Blocks of Text

You can append a block of text to a file on disk. Select Block to block the text, press Move, select Block (1), and follow steps 4 and 5 above.

Entering Filenames

If the file is in your default directory, enter only the filename. If the file is in another directory, you must enter the full pathname for the file.

Locked Files

To append to a locked file, use the above steps, then enter the correct password for the locked file.

Sentence, Paragraph, and Page Delimiters

Sentences, paragraphs, and pages are distinguished by delimiters such as periods, Hard Return codes [HRt], Soft Page codes [SPg], and Hard Page codes [HPg]. If you have trouble blocking a sentence, paragraph, or page, one or more of the necessary delimiters is missing.

For more information about sentence, paragraph, and page delimiters, see Move.

Tabular Columns and Rectangles

Use Block to block a tabular column or a rectangle. You cannot enter a filename to append a blocked tabular column or rectangle directly to a file. You can, however, move these items by appending them to a temporary buffer.

To move a blocked tabular column or rectangle,

1 Select Block to block a tabular column or a rectangle (see Move, Block). 2 Press Move, with the block on the screen. 3 Select Tabular Column (2) or Rectangle (3). 4 Select Append (4) to save the block to a temporary buffer.

The text will remain in that temporary buffer until you move new text to that buffer or exit Corel WordPerfect. To move the buffer to another file, switch to the new file and retrieve the buffer.

To retrieve the block,

1 Press Move. 2 Select Retrieve (4). 3 Select Tabular Column (2) or Rectangle (3).

You cannot use the Tabular Column or Rectangle option to block and append graphics boxes unless the graphics box is empty or contains only text. If you use the Tabular Column or Rectangle option to block and append a graphics box which contains a graphics image, you will get an error message.

Attributes

Attributes change the size or appearance of printed text. They can provide emphasis to a word or set text apart on a page.

Size attributes change the size of printed text, while appearance attributes enhance the printed text.

Attributes 25

In the following example, size attributes create headlines of different sizes.

Seeing Things Clearly

Proposal Summary

As we suspected, aquarium operations in both production and marketing have a determinant effect on how well our marine and freshwater fish operations perform. A comparative study of the two financial histories shows that our revenues followed the same fiscal pattern as that of Clearly Aquariums: when aquarium sales are up, we prosper. But this symbiotic relationship also has a downside. Currently, there is little activity among aquarium manufacturers to stimulate their weak market—output is at a standstill.

These indicators lead us to believe that if aquarium sales continue to soften, our profits will begin to recede symptomatically. One way of breaking from the aquarium industry's downward spiral and increasing our potential for growth is to adopt a more aggressive posture in aquarium manufacturing.

This proposal suggests that we purchase the aquarium industry leader, Clearly Aquariums, to fortify our company and our sales for the future. Because our sales depend on aquarium output, acquiring Clearly would allow us to improve productivity, oversee marketing, and give us tighter control over our fish sales. Agreed, acquiring another business in these volatile times is risky, but the returns for us on an aquarium venture will essentially be guaranteed; everyone who buys our fish will have to have somewhere to put them, and everyone who buys an aquarium will want to fill it with fish.

To add an attribute as you type text,

1 Press Font to display the Font menu on the status line. 2 Select Size (1) or Appearance (2).

j Select specific size attributes from the Font menu. For appearance attributes, select

Appearance from the Font menu.

3 Select the attribute of your choice. 4 Type the text. 5 To turn off the attribute, reselect the attribute (steps 1 through 3 above), or

move the cursor past the attribute off code (see Codes below). You can also turn off all current active attributes at the same time (see Normal Text below).

Notes

26 Attributes

Appearance Attributes

Appearance attributes specify text style text. Select Bold (1), Underline (2), Double Underline (3), Italic (4), Outline (5), Shadow (6), Small Caps (7), Redline (8), or Strikeout (9).

Base Font

The attributes you select are variations of the current document's base font. You can use size attributes to temporarily change font size without changing the base font. If the attributes do not look the way you expect them to print, your printer does not have the necessary fonts to print them (see Colors/Fonts/Attributes and Font).

To preview appearance attributes, use View Document.

Bold and Underline

Bold and Underline are assigned to specific keystrokes. Select Bold or Underline, then press the keystroke again to turn off the attribute, or press Right Arrow to move past the attribute off code.

Codes

When you select an attribute, on and off codes are inserted, with the cursor resting before the off code. For example, the on code inserted for the Bold attribute is [BOLD] and the off code is [bold]. You can display these codes by pressing Reveal Codes. Any text between the codes takes on the attribute.

To turn off the attribute, press Right Arrow to move past the off code.

Existing Text

To add attributes to existing text, block the text using Block, then select the attribute using steps 1 through 3 above. When you use this method, the cursor is placed after the attribute off code.

Normal Text

When you have more than one attribute active at a time, you can turn off all current attributes. Press Font, then select Normal (3) to return the text to the base font. This inserts the necessary off codes or moves the cursor past existing off codes. Text which follows the off codes is printed in the current base font (see Base Font above).

On-Screen Appearance

The attribute currently selected appears in the text you type and in the numbers next to the “Pos” indicator at the status line. When attributes are displayed on the screen, they can be represented in several ways, depending on your terminal.

To learn more about the on-screen appearance of attributes, see Colors/Fonts/Attributes.

Printing

Since the printed appearance of text depends upon the capabilities of your printer, you may not be able to print certain attributes. For example, some printers print underlining as a solid line, while others can only produce a broken line. To learn more about how attributes are printed, see Font.

You can determine which attributes are available on your printer by retrieving and printing the printer.tst file (select your printer before printing). It includes several attributes and the most common attribute combinations.

Important: printer.tst is installed with the Corel WordPerfect Program files. It is originally copied to the wplrn directory.

Removing Attributes

You can remove attributes by deleting either one of the pair of attribute codes which surround the text. Corel WordPerfect then deletes the matching code. We suggest you turn on Reveal Codes to see the attribute codes you are deleting. Also, if you delete an attribute code in the normal editing screen, you are prompted to confirm the deletion. You can type y to confirm the deletion, or type any other key to skip the code without deleting it.

Attributes 27

Size Attributes

The size attributes deal with the height and width of a character or character position in a line.

Select either Superscript (1), Subscript (2), Fine (3), Small (4), Large (5), Very Large (6), or Extra Large (7).

To alternate type sizes, use these size attributes instead of adjusting Base Font settings.

Using the size attributes, however, may not actually change the size of the text you print. It depends on what fonts your printer has available. For example, if your printer has only Courier 10 point, it will print only in that font regardless of the size attributes you select.

The actual sizes used for Fine, Small, Large, Very Large, and Extra Large are determined by your current base font and the printer fonts you select (see Base Font above, and Font).

You can also change the fonts being used for the attributes by editing the .prs file (see Printer Program, Modify Automatic Font Changes).

Size Attribute Ratios

A new feature, Size Attribute Ratios, helps you determine the size of the font attributes (see Initial Settings).

See Also: Colors/Fonts/Attributes; Font; Printer, Select; Redline/Strikeout

Auto Code Placement

Certain Corel WordPerfect codes are designed for insertion at the beginning of a paragraph or page, depending on the code. When inserting a code, Auto Code Placement moves the code to the top of the paragraph or page where the insertion point is located. Auto Code Placement removes duplicate codes by deleting the old code before inserting the new code.

The code then affects the paragraph or page, and all subsequent text, unless Corel WordPerfect encounters the same code later in the document.

If you select text before you insert a code listed in the table below, the code affects the entire paragraphs or pages containing the selection.

If you start Corel WordPerfect with a -A startup option, Auto Code Placement brackets are made visible around the Page or Paragraph code here ([Auto Placement>>] [<<Auto Placement]).

When you retrieve a Corel WordPerfect UNIX document into the DOS version of Corel WordPerfect, the Auto Code Placement codes will appear as [Unknown].

28 Auto Code Placement

The table below lists the codes placed at the top of the page and at the beginning of each paragraph. Codes not listed in the table are character codes. Such codes are placed where the insertion point is located.

Formatting Code Code Placement

Alignment Character Paragraph Baseline Line Height Paragraph Block Protect Paragraph Columns, Def Paragraph Columns, On Paragraph Endnote Print Here Paragraph Footer, A or B Page Force Odd/Even Page Page Header, A or B Page Hyphenation Zone Paragraph Justification, Center, Full, Left, or Right Paragraph Leading Adjustment Paragraph Line Height Paragraph Line Numbering Paragraph Line Spacing Paragraph Margins, Left or Right Paragraph Margins, Top or Bottom Page Math Columns, Define Paragraph Math Columns, On Paragraph Page, Center Page Page Number Page Page Number Position Page Page Number Style Page Paragraph Numbering Paragraph Suppress Page Page Tab Set Paragraph Widow/Orphan, On or Off Page Word/Letter Spacing Paragraph

Notes

Placement

To reposition a code that has been automatically positioned at the beginning of a page or paragraph, block the desired code and use Move to move it to the new location.

For example, if you want Line Numbering to start in the middle of a paragraph, you must turn Line Numbering on. With Reveal Codes on, go to the beginning of the paragraph, block the line numbering code, then move the code to the line where you want Line Numbering to begin.

Placement Restrictions

Auto Code Placement restricts where regular text and character codes can be entered. If you enter text when the insertion point is between page or paragraphtype codes, the insertion point is moved past all page and paragraph functions before the text is inserted.

Auto Code Placement 29

Backup, Original

First draft (letterBK!)

Second draft (letter)

Normally, when you replace a document with one of the same name, the original is deleted. The Original Backup option lets you save the original and the replacement version of the document.

Original Backup is a safeguard against replacing previous versions of a document.

When you replace a file with Original Backup on, the original version of a file is renamed filenameBK! (where filename is the name of the original file). As you continue to replace the same file, the BK! file is replaced with the current original file. The BK! files are stored in the same directory as the replacement file.

For example, if you save the first draft of a document named letter, when you replace the first draft with the second draft, the first draft is renamed letterBK! and the second draft is named letter.

Samson Air Freighters

222 Seal Drive, Suite A, Newport Beach, CA 92663

Mr. Cecil Armstrong The Great Gem Company 14 Keller Rd Houston, TX 77004

Dear Mr. Cecil Armstrong, Our only reservation in transporting the jade statuary concerns the

packaging. Unlike sea transport, air freight is bound by packaging regulations which determine what can ship by air.

Our primary concern is the size of the cargo. To ensure safe transport of the statuary, each statue should be contained in a palletized crate. This could create a problem since our largest carrier, the B747F, is limited to crates that are 350 x 260 x 260 cm. in size with a maximum payload of 750 kilograms. The only alternative is to ship the statues as indivisible items which requires no packaging. However, we strongly discourage this because of the statuary’s fragile nature.

You should be aware that Samson Air Freighters can only insure each piece for $1,000,000, which is included in the $9.60 (per 100 miles X 50 kilograms) price we quoted. Any increase in the insurance will increase the shipping cost. To make it cost effective for you, you may want to seek an independent insurer to supplement our schedule.

September 19, 1991

Mr. Cecil Armstrong The Great Gem Company 14 Keller Rd Houston, TX 77004

Dear Mr. Cecil Armstrong, Our only reservation in transporting the jade statuary concerns the

packaging. Unlike sea transport, air freight is bound by packaging regulations which determine what can ship by air.

Another concern is the Customs process. When freight arrives in Los Angeles, customs officials will randomly select and unpack cargo for inspection. If any damage results from this procedure, our underwriter cannot be held responsible for coverage. In order to comply with the restrictions of our coverage, the crate dismantling must be done by The Great Gem Company. As a precaution, SAF will designate Los Angeles as a final destination. At that time, a representative of The Great Gem Company must accept delivery of the statuary. Once that transaction is completed, we will draw up a new invoice to continue delivery to Houston.

Feel free to contact us if you have further questions.

Sincerely,

Diana West, Assistant Director of Shipping

Samson Air Freighters

222 Seal Drive, Suite A, Newport Beach, CA 92663

30 Backup, Original

First draft (deleted)

Samson Air Freighters

222 Seal Drive, Suite A, Newport Beach, CA 92663

Mr. Cecil Armstrong The Great Gem Company 14 Keller Rd Houston, TX 77004

Dear Mr. Cecil Armstrong, Our only reservation in transporting the jade statuary concerns the

packaging. Unlike sea transport, air freight is bound by packaging regulations which determine what can ship by air.

Samson Air Freighters

222 Seal Drive, Suite A, Newport Beach, CA 92663

September 19, 1991

Mr. Cecil Armstrong The Great Gem Company 14 Keller Rd Houston, TX 77004

Dear Mr. Cecil Armstrong, Our only reservation in transporting the jade statuary concerns the

packaging. Unlike sea transport, air freight is bound by packaging regulations which determine what can ship by air.

Feel free to contact us if you have further questions.

Sincerely,

Diana West, Assistant Director of Shipping

Samson Air Freighters

222 Seal Drive, Suite A, Newport Beach, CA 92663

September 19, 1991

Mr. Cecil Armstrong The Great Gem Company 14 Keller Rd Houston, TX 77004

Dear Mr. Cecil Armstrong,

Our only reservation in transporting the jade statuary concerns the packaging. Unlike sea transport, air freight is bound by packaging regulations which determine what can ship by air.

Feel free to contact us if you have further questions.

Sincerely,

Diana West, Assistant Director of Shipping

DW:sjh

Second draft (letterBK!)

Third draft (letter)

When you replace the second draft of letter with the third draft of letter, the first draft of letter is deleted, the second draft of letter is renamed letterBK!, and the third draft is named letter.

To use Original Backup,

1 Press Setup.

j Select Setup from the File menu.

2 Select Environment (2), then select Backup Options (1). 3 Select Original Document Backup (2). 4 Type y to use the Original Backup option. 5 Press Exit to exit the Setup: Backup menu. Copying Files

Because disks can become corrupted, resulting in lost data and unusable files (both original and backup), we recommend you make backup copies of your files.

Location of Backup Files

Original backup files are stored in the same directory as the files they back up.

Retrieving Original Backup Files

To retrieve an original backup file, use the Rename feature in List Files to rename the backup file, then retrieve it as you would a text file.

Turning off the Original Backup option deletes the original backup file the next time you save the document. Rename original backup files before you turn off Original Backup.

Backup, Original

Backup, Timed

Timed Backup

Timed Backup is a safeguard against losing text during a power outage, machine failure, or other computer-related problem.

You can use original and timed backup at the same time. See Also: Save

Timed Backup is a safeguard against the loss of work due to machine failure, power outage, or other computer-related problem.

Timed Backup backs up or makes a copy of your document at specified intervals. Every few minutes, a “Timed Backup” message is displayed on the status line, and the file is copied to the directory you specify in the Location of Files feature.

Timed Backup is a powerful option, but it is not a substitute for saving your files.

Timed backup files are deleted when you properly exit Corel WordPerfect. To set Timed Backup,

1 Press Setup.

j Select Setup from the File menu.

2 Select Environment (2), then select Backup Options (1). 3 Select Timed Document Backup (1). 4 Type y to back up your documents at specified intervals. 5 Enter the time interval (in minutes). 6 Press Exit to exit the Setup: Backup menu.

Notes

32 Backup, Timed

Copying Files

Because disks can become corrupted, resulting in lost data and unusable files, we strongly recommend you make backup copies of your files.

Disks can become corrupted by static, power surges, magnets, or other computer-related problems.

Retrieving Timed Backup Files

Timed backup files are temporary files that are stored in the directory you specify in Location of Files. If you do not specify a location, they are stored in the tmp drive. When you exit Corel WordPerfect properly, timed backup files are deleted.

wp_bk1.<pid> (<pid> is the Process ID number) is the name of the timed backup file for the document on the Document 1 screen, while wp_bk2.<pid> is the name of the timed backup file for the document on the Document 2 screen.

Bar Code

An 11-digit ZIP Code converted to a POSTNET bar code

After the first backup, a document is backed up again only if you have made changes.

To retrieve a timed backup file, go to List Files, then retrieve the file as you would a text file.

See Also: Attributes; Block; Switch

Capitalization 43

Cartridges/Fonts/Print Wheels

Many printers let you access additional fonts with interchangeable print cartridges, print wheels, or downloadable font files. Cartridges/Fonts/Print Wheels lets you mark the cartridges, soft fonts, and print wheels you plan to use with your printer.

If you have not purchased any soft fonts, cartridges, or additional print wheels for your printer, you do not need to go into the Cartridges/Fonts/Print Wheels menu.

1 Press Print.

j Select Print from the File menu.

2 Choose Select Printer, then move the cursor to the desired printer.

You need to have already selected a printer for this feature to work.

3 Select Edit (3), then select Cartridges/Fonts/Print Wheels (4) to display a list

of font categories (built-in, cartridges, soft fonts, or print wheels) your printer supports.

If you receive a “Printer files not found” message, Corel WordPerfect cannot find the .all file that was used to define your printer. If you have moved the .all files since the initial installation, you must specify the new directory where the .all files can be found. Or, if you deleted the .all files, you must reinstall the printers.

4 Move the cursor to the type of font you want to mark (see Font Category

below), then choose Select (1) to display a list of all fonts of that type which Corel WordPerfect supports.

If you choose Select with the Soft Fonts category highlighted, a Font Groups screen is displayed. Move the cursor to the group which contains the font you want to mark and choose Select (1).

5 Move the cursor to the cartridge, font, or print wheel you want to use with

your printer, then mark it as Present When Print Job Begins (*) and/or Can be Loaded/Unloaded During Job (+) (see Marking Cartridges/Fonts/Print below).

Important: Do not mark fonts you do not have. Corel WordPerfect does not create fonts or provide them for you. It accesses only the font capabilities of your printer.

6 Press Exit to save the markings and return to the list of font categories.

You may need to press Exit twice to return to the list of font categories, depending on whether or not a Font Groups screen was displayed.

You can select another font type and repeat steps 4 through 6 or press Exit to return to the Select Printer: Edit menu. Corel WordPerfect updates the fonts before it returns you to this screen if you have made changes in font selection.

44 Cartridges/Fonts/Print Wheels

Notes Available

The Available column screen on the Select Printer: Cartridges/Fonts/Print Wheels shows you the quantity available for cartridges, fonts, or print wheels. This amount is decreased when you mark cartridges, soft fonts, or print wheels with an asterisk (*) (see Marking Cartridges/Fonts/Print below). This keeps you from selecting more cartridges, soft fonts, or print wheels than your printer can accommodate.

If you change the total quantity (see Quantity below), the Available quantity is also changed by the same amount.

Cartridges

still available. For example, if you have two slots for cartridges, but have not yet marked any cartridges, the Available column will show “2.” Each cartridge you mark with an asterisk (*) decreases this amount by 1.

Print Wheels

print wheels your printer still has available. Each print wheel you mark with an asterisk (*) decreases this amount by 1.

Soft Fonts

memory still available. This amount is decreased when you mark fonts with an asterisk (*).

Base Font

The fonts you mark using the above steps appear on all Base Font menus as long as they match the Font Type (which is set with the Paper Size/Type feature). In other words, if you have landscape fonts available, they will not appear on the Base Font menus until you select a landscape paper type (see Paper Size/Type). The printer’s built-in fonts also appear on the Base Font menus if they match the Font Type (see Font).

Built-In

Built-In is one of the font categories on the Select Printer: Cartridges/Fonts/Print Wheels screen for dot matrix and laser printers (not for daisy wheel printers); however, no amount is listed under the Quantity or Available headings. Corel WordPerfect marks all these fonts automatically to indicate they are currently in the printer. You can unmark these fonts (see Marking Cartridges/Fonts/Print below) if you do not want Corel WordPerfect to access them.

Corel WordPerfect makes the built-in fonts available (includes them on the Base Font menus) when you select a printer. Information about each printer’s builtin fonts is copied to the .prs file when you add a printer to the printer definition list (see Printer, Select).

Downloading Soft Fonts

Soft fonts are purchased as software (on diskettes or tape), and must be sent from your computer to your printer. This process is called “downloading” fonts. Corel WordPerfect can download fonts in two ways. If you mark a soft font with an asterisk (*) (see Marking Cartridges/Fonts/Print Wheels below), you will have to initialize your printer every time you turn it on. This sends all fonts

•

The Available column for cartridges shows how many slots are

•

The Available column for print wheels gives the number of

•

The Available column for soft fonts shows the amount of

Cartridges/Fonts/Print Wheels 45

marked with an asterisk to the printer. These fonts remain in the printer (even if you exit Corel WordPerfect) until you turn off the printer (or until you unmark the font, then reinitialize the printer).

If you mark a font with a plus sign (+), it will be downloaded only when it is needed. Then it will be deleted from the printer’s memory.

After marking or unmarking fonts with asterisks and plus signs, reinitialize the printer to make sure the proper fonts are available. If you only mark fonts with a plus sign (no asterisks), you will not need to reinitialize your printer.

Important: Mark the fonts you have. Specify a path using the Path for Downloadable Fonts and Printer Command Files option on the Select Printer: Edit menu (see Printer, Edit).

Font Category

This heading on the Select Printer: Cartridges/Fonts/Print Wheels screen lists the different types of fonts available for your printer. The choices for this column might include: Built-In, Cartridges, Print Wheels, Slot Fonts, and Soft Fonts. If your printer only has its built-in fonts available, that is the only thing listed under this heading.

Font Groups

If you choose Select (1) with the Soft Fonts category highlighted in step 4 above, a Font Groups screen could be displayed (depending on your printer). You would then need to select the font group containing the fonts you want to mark. Once you mark fonts (see Marking Cartridges/Fonts/Print Wheels below), the font group containing the marked fonts is displayed with a bullet (•).

Font group containing marked fonts

46 Cartridges/Fonts/Print Wheels

Marking Cartridges/Fonts/Print Wheels

After you choose Select (1) in step 4 above, a list of available cartridges, soft fonts, or print wheels (depending on which font category you select) is displayed. If you selected soft fonts, you may need to select a font group before the list is

Font name Quantity

displayed. The list includes each font, cartridge, or print wheel name and the quantity it represents.

In the upper-right corner of the screen, Corel WordPerfect displays the total quantity of that type of font that your printer can support, along with the quantity still available. In addition, if you are marking soft fonts, the number of fonts your printer lets you mark with an asterisk (*) at one time may be displayed.

For example, if you are marking soft fonts and your printer has 350K of memory, the Available Quantity and the Total Quantity start at 350. As you mark soft fonts with an asterisk (*), the Available Quantity is decreased by the amount of memory needed by those soft fonts, while the Available number of fonts is decreased by one for every font marked.

Depending on the printer, there may be a limit to the number of soft fonts you can mark with an asterisk, regardless of the memory available. (This limit is displayed in the Select Printer: Soft Fonts screen to let you know when you are approaching the limit.) For example, if your printer lets you mark 32 fonts (displayed under “* Fonts” in the upper right corner of the Select Printer: Soft Fonts screen) and you mark 32 fonts, you cannot mark another font with an asterisk (*) or a plus sign (+), even if you have memory available.

Mark the soft fonts or print wheels you have available for your printer with one or both of two possible settings: Present When Print Job Begins (*) or Can be Loaded/Unloaded During Job (+). Cartridges can only be marked with an asterisk.

You can mark soft fonts until the maximum quantity (in memory or number of fonts) is reached. Corel WordPerfect counts all fonts you mark with an asterisk (*) when calculating the available quantity.

•

Can be Loaded/Unloaded During Print Job

Mark a print wheel with a plus sign (+) to be prompted to change the print wheel. Mark a soft font this way if you want it to be loaded and unloaded during a print job. Fonts marked with a plus sign are downloaded only when needed. You cannot mark a font with a plus sign (+) if that font is larger than the remaining available quantity or if the “* Fonts” amount displays 0. For example, if you

Cartridges/Fonts/Print Wheels 47

have 350K of memory and have marked 300K of fonts with an asterisk, you cannot mark any single font that is larger than 50K with a plus sign. (You cannot mark it because it could not be loaded that font during a print job.)

If you marked a print wheel with a plus sign and selected that font in your document, the printer stops and your computer beeps to signal a print wheel change. When this happens, display the Job Control screen, follow the displayed instructions (shown next to “Action:”), then select Go (3) to continue the print job.

If you have one print wheel you use more than any other, mark that print wheel with an asterisk (*) (see Present When Print Job Begins below). Otherwise, you will be prompted to insert it every time you print with that print wheel.

Some printers can load and unload soft fonts during a print job. Others can only load fonts during a print job and unload them after the job is finished. And still others will not let you load and unload fonts at all during a print job. If the fonts can be loaded and unloaded, the “+ Can be Loaded/Unloaded During Job” message appears at the bottom of the screen. If this message does not appear, Corel WordPerfect will not let you mark any fonts with a plus sign. In this case, the fonts you intend to use during a print job must be present when the print job begins (marked with an asterisk).

•

Marking with Both Settings

Fonts on some printers can be marked with both an asterisk (*) and a plus sign (+). If a font is marked with both settings, it is considered “swappable” and Corel WordPerfect will unload it if the space is needed in the printer’s memory to swap in another font. Swappable fonts (those marked with an asterisk and a plus sign) are reloaded at the end of the print job if they were swapped out during the print job.

Any fonts marked with both settings remain marked as initially present each time Corel WordPerfect is started.

•

Present When Print Job Begins

Mark a cartridge, soft font, or print wheel with an asterisk (*) if the cartridge is in a slot, the soft font is in the printer memory, or the print wheel is already installed when you start a print job. Marking a cartridge, soft font, or print wheel with this option decreases the available quantity.

You must select the Initialize Printer option on the Print menu every time you turn on your printer to download soft fonts marked with this option (see Downloading Soft Fonts above).

Quantity

Quantity refers to the number of slots available for cartridges, the amount of printer memory available for soft fonts, or the number of print wheels available. The quantity number is preset to original printer specifications. If you have added more memory to your printer, you can change the quantity number by selecting Change Quantity (2) from the Select Printer: Cartridges/Fonts/Print menu, then entering the new quantity. The largest number you can enter for the quantity is 65535.

48 Cartridges/Fonts/Print Wheels

Center Page

Important: Increasing the quantity of memory available for soft fonts will work properly only if you have physically installed more memory in your printer. If you increase the quantity number and mark more fonts than can be downloaded to your printer’s memory, documents will not print properly when using the fonts that are not completely downloaded.

Soft Font Programs

Some third-party soft font programs have installation programs that can add names of fonts and information about those fonts to your printer files. If you have used such a program, the names of those fonts will appear on the Select Printer: Soft fonts screen when you are marking fonts.

See Also: Font; Printer, Edit; Printer, Select

Center Page centers text vertically between the top and bottom margins on a page.

30 June 1992

All Supervisors Halva Corporation 921 Knudsen Corner Salt Lake City, UT 84000

Dear Supervisor: Having established a general procedure for most daily business, we

as an administration, feel that these policies should be posted in clearly visible places throughout all corporate buildings. Please be sure that this is taken care of in your division.

Sincerely,

Richard S. Petty Corporate Administration

1 Press Go To, then press Up Arrow to move the cursor to the top of the page

you want to center, before any codes (see Codes below).

2 Press Format, then select Page (2).

j Select Page from the Layout menu.

3 Select Center Page (1), then type y to turn on this option. 4 Press Exit to exit the Page Format menu and to return to the document.

Center Page 49

Notes Center Lines of Text

To center individual lines of text between the left and right margins, use Center. To center several lines of text, use Center Justification (see Justification).

Codes

Selecting Center Page (1) inserts a Center Page code [Center Pg] at the location of the cursor.

The Center Page code is placed automatically at the top of the current page (see Auto Code Placement).

For a block of text to be correctly centered on a page, it cannot have any extra Hard Return codes [HRt] before or after it. Consequently, when you need to force a page break at the end of a block of text that you want to center on a page, you should press Hard Page instead of Return to insert a series of extra Hard Return codes. The extra hard returns would keep the text from being centered correctly.

Footnotes and Endnotes

You should not center a page that contains endnotes or footnotes. When you center text on a page that contains either code, only the text is centered. The footnote or endnote remains at the bottom of the page.

On-Screen Page

Center Page affects only the way the page is printed or displayed in View Document. It does not change the way text is displayed on the normal editing screen.

Uncentering a Page

Once you have turned on the Center Page option, you can turn it off for that page by deleting the Center Page code. You can also set the Center Page entry to No.

See Also: Block; Center Text; Justification

Center Text

50 Center Text

Use Center to center text between the left and right margins or over a particular point in a line.

The page displayed below shows a title centered between the left and right margins, and several titles centered over columns of text.

Welcome New Employees

TAKE NOTE

Outgoing Mail

Only corporate business correspondence is to be mailed in business letterhead envelopes. Postage for all other mail should be paid by the employees.

Long Distance

Calls

Any nonbusiness long distance phone calls must be paid by the employee upon receipt of the billing statement.

Dress Standard

All employees will wear shoes, pants and shirt or dresses, while at work or using corporate facilities.

Food in the

Work Area

Food may be eaten at an employee’s desk if trash is disposed of as soon as possible. Please be responsible and remember that personal cleanliness in the work

area is a necessity.

Employee Parking

All cars parked in company parking lots are to be registered with personnel. Parking guidelines generally parallel the state laws regarding motor vehicles. No parking in red zones. No double parking. Parallel or angle parking is permitted only where specified. Unauthorized cars found in company lots or reserved parking areas may be towed. Cars should be locked for the employee’s own security and to reduce opportunity for theft.

Employees should use the printers, copiers, and other equipment in their own work area unless there is a special need to go elsewhere.

Employees should

Department Facilities

Supplies

find everything they need to accomplish their work through the resources of the company. There should be no need to bring any supplies or equipment of their own for workrelated projects. Department receptionists will order needed supplies when requested.

Important Dates

7/3 Managers Conf. 7/8 New Emp. Mtg. 7/12 Company Party 7/23 End-user Conf. 8/17 Acc. Training 8/23 Summer Social

Company Party

Don’t forget that July 12th is our company party. All employees and their families are invited. There will be plenty of food and soda pop. Bring softball mitts and swimming suits. There will be lots of games and plenty for the little children to do. Come and see Jack Reanoy bob for apples and make a complete fool of himself.

When you type new text, you can center a line of text between the left and right margins.

1 Move the cursor to the left margin. 2 Press Center to move the cursor to the center of the line. 3 Type the text you want centered. 4 Press Return to end centering.

Notes

Center Code

Pressing Center inserts a Center code [Center]. Pressing Return inserts a Hard Return code [HRt] and ends the centering. A Center code affects only the line of text which it is on. If you insert a Center code at the beginning of a line and type text that extends beyond that line, only the first line of that text will be centered. The code will not affect subsequent lines of text.

A Center code takes precedence over other text. For example, if you are in the middle of a line of text when you press Center, or if the text you are typing runs into a Center code, on-screen text may seem to disappear. Use Reveal Codes to view and delete the unwanted text or code.

Center vs. Justification

Center is designed to center only one line of text at a time. When you want to center several lines of text at once, use Center Justification.

Centering at a Specific Position

You do not have to center text between margins. If the cursor is not at the left margin and is preceded by a Tab code, or at least two spaces, pressing Center, then typing text centers that text over the cursor position.

Center Text 51

For example, to center text over a tab stop at position 5˝, tab to that position, press Center, then type the text. You can center text more than once on a line if the text is preceded by a tab, or at least two spaces. However, when you center text at a line position, it may overlap any preceding text on-screen and when the document is printed.

Centering Existing Text

You can center an existing line of text by moving the cursor to the beginning of the line of text, pressing Center, then pressing Down Arrow.

This method will not work if the cursor is not at the beginning of the line when you press Center. When the cursor is not at the beginning of the line, or two spaces in from the beginning of a line, pressing Center centers the text to the right of the cursor at the cursor position. This can cause the text to overlap.

Dot Leader

When centering text between margins, you can insert a dot leader from the left margin to the beginning of the centered text by pressing Center twice.

To continue the dot leader to the right of centered text, press Flush Right twice. You can also insert a dot leader using the Home keystrokes (see Hard Center Tab

below).

Hard Center Tab

A Hard Tab is a tab that does not change its type, even if you change the type with the Tab Set feature. You can insert a Hard Center Tab over the next tab stop by pressing Home, Center. Corel WordPerfect inserts a [CNTR TAB] code in the document. To insert a Hard Center Tab with dot leaders, press Home,Home,Center.

Pages of Text

You can use Center Page to center an entire page of text vertically.

Removing Centering

To remove centering, delete the Center code [Center].

Text in Columns

If you are centering text in columns created with the Columns feature, move to the left margin of the column, then follow the steps given at the beginning of this section.

If you are centering text in columns created with tabs or indents, use the method for centering text at a specific line position described under Centering at a Specific Position above.

See Also: Block; Center Page; Justification

52 Center Text

Change Mode

When you create a Corel WordPerfect file, you can give access privileges (read, write, and execute) to various users. As the creator of the document, you are called the file owner. Only the file owner or person with superuser privileges can change a file’s access privileges. The combined access privileges assigned to a file are called the file’s privileges mode.

To change the privileges mode of a file,

1 Press List. 2 Move to the desired file. 3 Press Change Mode (6). 4 To modify the code, type in the new privileges. 5 Press Return to accept the new code. 6 Press Exit to return to the normal editing screen.

Notes

The Privileges Mode

You can display and change a document’s privileges mode from the List Files screen. The sixth column of the List Files screen shows a ten-character code that describes the user privileges, as in the example below.

drwxrwxrwx

The first character in the code shows whether a listing is a directory file. The first “rwx” sequence shows the read (r), write (w), and execute (x) privileges

of the file owner. The second “rwx” sequence shows the read, write, and execute privileges of the

owner’s group. (The owner’s group is the subgroup of system users to which the file owner belongs.)

The third “rwx” sequence shows the user privileges assigned to other users on the owner’s system.

A hyphen (-) means that the privilege indicated by the character space is not presently assigned.

Change Mode 53

Colors/Fonts/Attributes

Colors/Fonts/Attributes specifies how text is displayed on the screen. Depending on the capabilities of your terminal, text can be displayed with and without attributes. For example, you may be able to highlight bolded characters on the screen or assign a color to underlined text. For information on printed text, see Font.

1 Press Setup.

j Select Setup from the File menu.

2 Select Display (1), then select Colors/Fonts/Attributes (1).

The screen varies according to terminals.

3 Assign a screen color or screen font to each attribute listed (see Assigning

Fonts and Colors below).

4 Press Exit twice to return to the normal editing screen.

These settings are in effect for the current editing screen only. For information about setting them for the other editing screen, see Multiple Documents below.

All settings you select are stored in the .wp7c.set file if Corel WordPerfect is run as root. They are in effect each time you start the program.

Notes Assigning Fonts and Colors

When you assign fonts and colors with Colors/Fonts/Attributes, you assign screen fonts and screen colors. Options vary according to terminals. The way text appears on the screen is independent of the way it is printed.

As you assign screen fonts and screen colors, the first column of the Setup: Fonts menu is a list of the size and appearance attributes found on the Font key. The last column is a sample column that shows you the result of your selections.

Between the first and last columns are columns you use to assign screen fonts or screen colors to the list of attributes. The number and types of these columns vary according to your terminal. The screen shown below is the Setup: Fonts menu for most monochrome displays.

54 Colors/Fonts/Attributes

Move your cursor to the row representing the attribute appearance you want to change, then change the settings by pressing a letter or number.

For example, to change the Redline attribute to blinking, bolded text in the screen above, use the Up or Down Arrows to move to the Redline line, then type y under the Blink column and y under the Bold column. The Left and Right Arrows move you from column to column.

To see how text with a particular attribute will appear on the screen, look at the sample column for that attribute.

Attribute Combinations

Text can have more than one attribute at a time. For example, text can be both bolded and italicized.

The Setup: Colors/Fonts/Attributes screen does not list all possible combinations. It does, however, list an Other Combinations heading. Most attribute combinations are displayed according to the Other Combinations setting.

Multiple Documents

When you set attributes, you are setting them for the current editing screen only. For example, if you are in the Document 6 screen, you are setting them for Document 6. If you are in the Document 9 screen, you are setting them only for Document 9.

Check the “Doc” heading on the status line to find out which editing screen you are in. To move to another document, press Home, followed by the number key of the document you want to switch to. For example, pressing Home-9 takes you to the Setup screen for document 9.

To copy settings from one editing screen to another, go to the Setup: Fonts screen by following the steps at the beginning of this reference section. Press Switch to switch setup screens, press Move, type y, then enter the document number to copy the setting from.

For example, to copy settings from the Document 2 screen to the Document 5 screen, go to the Setup: Fonts screen for Document 2 by following the steps at the beginning of this reference section. Press Switch while in the Document 2 setup screen to switch to the setup screen of Document 5. Press Move, type y, then type 2 followed by Return.

Colors/Fonts/Attributes 55

Columns, Display

When you display columns on the screen side-by-side, it can slow the speed with which Corel WordPerfect reformats text as you edit a document.

You can speed up display of columns by turning off Side-by-side Column Display. Columns are separated by page breaks, instead of appearing side-byside, as in the following example.

1 Press Setup, then select Display (1).

j Select Setup from the File menu, then select Display.

2 Select Edit-Screen Options (6). 3 Select Side-by-side Column Display (7), then type n to turn off this option. 4 Press Exit to return to your document.

Notes

56 Columns, Display

Automatic Reformatting

When Side-by-side Column Display is off, Corel WordPerfect reformats columnar text with the same speed it uses to reformat any text. You can also increase the speed of editing in columns by turning off Automatic Reformatting.

Text usually reformats each time certain keys are pressed. When this feature is turned off, the screen is only reformatted as you move the cursor through text. It does not reformat each time you press certain keys. To turn this option off, repeat steps 1 and 2 above, select Automatically Format and Rewrite (1), then type n. Press Exit to return to your document.

Cursor Movement

If columns are not displayed side-by-side on the screen, you can use the same cursor movements to move the cursor through each column, and from column to column (see Moving from Column to Column under Columns, Parallel and Columns, Newspaper).

When columns are not displayed side-by-side on the screen, the Up Arrow and the Down Arrow keys move from column to column each time the cursor crosses a page break. They do not remain in the same column.

Printing

Newspaper and parallel columns are always printed side-by-side on a page, regardless of the type of on-screen display you select. You can see how they will appear in print by using View Document.

See Also: Columns, Newspaper; Columns, Parallel

Columns, Newspaper

Newspaper-style columns let text flow continuously from column to column on a page, and are often used to create newsletters, like the one shown below.

Issue 24

Only corporate business correspondence is to be mailed in business letterhead envelopes. Postage for all other mail should be paid by the employees.

Any nonbusiness long distance phone calls must be paid by the employee upon receipt of the billing statement.

Dress Standard

All employees will wear shoes, pants and shirt or dresses, while at work or using corporate facilities.

Food may be eaten at an employee’s desk if trash is disposed of as soon as possible. Please be

Welcome New Employees

Halva Corporate Newsletter

TAKE NOTE

Outgoing Mail

Long Distance

Calls

Food in the

Work Area

responsible and remember that personal cleanliness in the work area is a necessity.

Employee Parking

Employees should use the printers, copiers, and other equipment in their own work area

Department Facilities

unless there is a special need to go elsewhere.

Employees should find everything they need to accomplish their work through the resources of the company. There should be no need to bring any supplies or equipment of their own for workrelated projects. Department receptionists will order needed supplies when requested.

7/3 Managers Conf. 7/8 New Emp. Mtg. 7/12 Company Party 7/23 End-user Conf. 8/17 Acc. Training 8/23 Summer Social

Don’t forget that July 12th is our company party. All employees and their families are invited. There will be plenty of food

June 1992

Supplies

Important Dates

Company Party

Column width and spacing is automatically calculated when you specify margins and the number of equal-sized columns on a page. You can also use Columns to put existing text into columns.

To define and create newspaper columns,

1 Move the cursor to where you want the columns to begin.

j Select Columns from the Layout menu.

2 Press Columns/Table, then select Columns (1). 3 Select Define (3). 4 Enter the number of columns and the margins you want (see Number and

Margins below), then press Return or Exit to return to your document with the Columns menu displayed on the status line.

5 Select On (1) to turn on the Columns feature (see Turning Columns On and

Off below).

Columns, Newspaper 57

6 Type the text you want in the columns, if necessary. Press Hard Page when

you want to end a column and start a new one before reaching the bottom of a page (see Text Flow in Newspaper Columns below).

7 Press Columns/Table, select Columns (1), then select Off (2) to turn off the

Columns feature.

j Select Columns from the Layout menu, then select Off.

Notes Defining Columns

If you want columns in a document, use the Columns/Definition feature to specify the number of columns and the margins you want. When you define columns, a Column Definition code [Col Def:column type; #columns;margins]is inserted in your document. Column type is the type of columns defined. #columns is the number of columns. Margins indicates the left and right margins for each column. The definition is in effect until another column definition is inserted.

You can turn on Columns only after they have been defined. When Columns are on, “Col #” is displayed before the document number at the status line. # is the number of the current column.

You can have multiple column definitions in a document, but Columns must be off before you can create a new definition.

Distance Between Columns

If you do not specify a distance between columns, the distance will be approximately one-half inch. To specify a different distance, select Distance Between Columns (3) from the text Column Definition menu, then enter a new measurement.

Changing the left and right margin settings of columns can also affect the distance between columns.

Editing in Newspaper Columns

The cursor keys that move up and down scroll all columns at the same time. These cursor keys include the Up Arrow, Down Arrow, Home,Up Arrow, Home,Down Arrow, Page Up, and Page Down.

The delete keys work inside a single column. For example, if you use Delete to End of Page, only the text from the cursor to the bottom of the current column is deleted.

Use Move within a single column to cut or copy a sentence. Use Block with Move to move an entire column of text. Block a column, press Move, select Block (1), then select a move option. When using move with Newspaper columns, do not select Tabular Column (2), because this option does not let you retrieve the moved text correctly.

58 Columns, Newspaper

Features

You can use columns with several other features such as graphics text boxes and headers. You cannot use columns in footnotes, endnotes, or tables.

To include a table in a column, create the table in a graphics box (see Table, Create).

Margins

Once you select the number of columns, equal columns are created according to your current margin setting. These settings are displayed in the text Column Definition menu under Margins. If you do not want equal columns, or you need to change the displayed column sizes, select Margins (4) on the Text Column Definition menu. Enter a new measurement for each setting, or press Return to skip a displayed setting.

Changing column margins does not change the left and right margin settings of the document. Make sure the left margin of the first column corresponds to the current left margin setting for the page, and the right margin of the last column corresponds to the current right margin setting for the page. When you place graphic images in columns, problems can occur if these settings do not correspond.

Moving from Column to Column

To move the cursor from column to column,

•

Press Go To, then press Right Arrow to move one column to the right, or press Left Arrow to move one column to the left.

•

Press Go To, Home, Left or Right Arrow to move to the first or last column on a page.

•

Press Go To, then press Up Arrow or Down Arrow to move the cursor to the top or bottom of the current column.

Newspaper vs. Parallel Columns

The default column style is newspaper-style. You can also create parallel columns in which blocks of text are held together side-by-side on a page. Text does not flow from column to column in parallel columns (see Columns, Parallel and Table, Format Columns and Cells).

Number

The default number of columns is two. To change the number on the Text Column Definition menu, select Number of Columns (2), then enter the number of columns you want across a page (up to 24 are possible). If you have already entered a column definition, you can change the number of newspaper columns by placing the cursor immediately after the previous Column Definition code [Col Def:column type;#columns;margins] and redefining the columns. The columns will adjust automatically. You can then delete the previous Column Definition code.

Removing Columns

If you create columns and then want to delete them, you can return your text to normal format by deleting the Column Definition code [Col Def:column

type;#columns;margins]. This can be done in Reveal Codes or in the normal

Columns, Newspaper 59

editing screen. The Hard Page codes [HPg] remain and must be deleted manually. To delete one set of columns, delete the [Col On] or [Col Off ] codes.

If a previous column definition exists in a document when you delete a column definition, the codes within the column definition remain. The existing columns are formatted according to the previous column definition.

If you have several sets of columns in your document and want to delete only one set, do not delete the Column Definition code. Delete the Column On [Col On] or Column Off [Col Off ] code for that set.

Text Flow in Newspaper Columns

When the text in a newspaper column reaches the bottom of a page, a Soft Page code [SPg] is automatically inserted and the text moves to the top of the next column on the page. At the end of the last column on a page, a Soft Page break is inserted and the cursor moves to the beginning of the next page.

To end a column before the bottom of a page, press Hard Page to insert a Hard Page code [HPg]. This moves the cursor to thenext column. In the last column on a page, press Hard Page to move the cursor to the first column on the next page.

To display columns side-by-side, use the current column display selection in Setup (see Columns, Display).

Turning Columns On and Off

Columns can be turned on before or after text has been entered. For example, you can turn on Columns anywhere after a Column Definition code, then turn off Columns where you want the columns to end. Hard page breaks between the [Col On] and [Col Off] codes end the current column of text and begin a new one.

See Also: Columns, Display; Columns, Parallel; Table, Create

60 Columns, Newspaper

Columns, Parallel

Use parallel columns for unequal blocks of text that do not flow to the next column. Do not use tabs, indents, or newspaper columns.

HALVA International

Product Quantity Date Comments

File Cabinets 14 8/1/90 Need to reorder in

Executive Desks 22 8/1/90 Need to order at

Light Tables 8 8/1/90 Need 4 more by

Linotype Machines 2 8/1/90 Good for at least

Magazine Stands 1 8/1/90 Could use but do

Office Chairs 55 8/1/90 Records show two

Personal Computers 35 8/1/90 Need to order at

Surge Protectors 40 8/1/90 Good quantity--

Wastebaskets 40 8/1/90 Need 25 more--10

Office Inventory

September.

least 15 more.

December.

another year.

not have to have one more.

more--need to locate.

least 10 more.

haven’t needed any in the past year.

immediately, 15 more before January.

This same format can also be created using the Tables feature (see Table, Create). To define and create parallel columns,

1 Move the cursor to where you want the columns to begin. 2 Press Columns/Table, then select Columns (1).

j Select Columns from the Layout menu.

3 Select Define (3). 4 Select Type (1) to display the choice of columns at the status line, then select

the type of parallel columns you want (see Parallel vs. Parallel with Block Protect below).

5 Enter the number and margins of the columns you want (see Number and

Margins below), then press Return or Exit to return to the document with

the Columns menu displayed on your status line.

6 Select On (1) to turn on the Columns feature. 7 Type the text (see Entering Text in Parallel Columns below). Press Hard

Page when you want to end a column and start a new one.

8 Press Columns/Table, select Columns (1), then select Off (2) to turn off the

Columns feature.

j Select Columns from the Layout menu, then select Off.

Columns, Parallel

Notes Defining Columns

Use Columns to specify the number and size of columns. When you define Parallel columns, a Column Definition code [Col Def:column

type;#columns;margins] is inserted in your document. When you turn on columns, a Column On code [Col On] is inserted. After you enter the text you want in the columns, turn off columns. Text between the [Col On] and [Col Off] codes is in columnar format.

If you turn on Columns in existing text, the remaining text in the document from the cursor forward will be formatted in the current columns. It can, however, be confusing in parallel columns. For example, if your first parallel column is only one inch wide, all the remaining text in your document will be formatted with a one-inch width.

To insert a group of parallel columns into an existing document, turn on Columns, then turn off Columns. This inserts a Column On code [Col on] and a Column Off code [Col off]. The format of the subsequent text returns to normal. You can then move the cursor between the Column On and Column Off codes, and insert the new text you want in columns.

Distance Between Columns

The distance between columns is automatically calculated unless you enter a Distance Between Columns. To set your own distance, select Distance Between Columns (3) from the text Column Definition menu, then enter a new measurement.

Changing the left and right margin settings of columns can also affect the distance between columns.

Editing in Parallel Columns

With the exception of using Move, editing text in parallel columns works the same as it does in newspaper columns (see Columns, Newspaper).

To edit parallel columns, select Move to move the columns. When you want to move sets of parallel columns, edit the columns with Reveal Codes on.

Typing a set of parallel columns across a page inserts a Column On code [Col On] and a Column Off code [Col Off ] at the beginning and end of the set. When you move a set of parallel columns to another place in the same file, you must block both the Column On and Column Off codes and move them with the text. Without the Column On and Column Off codes, the text in parallel columns is separated by a series of Hard Page codes [HPg]. It displays and prints as a series of separate pages.

When you use Block Protect, a Block Protect On code [Block Pro:On] and a Block Protect Off code [Block Pro:Off] are inserted at the beginning and at the end of each set, next to the Column On and Off codes. When you want to move sets of parallel columns that have been created with Block Protect on, you must also move the Block Protect codes.

62 Columns, Parallel

Entering Text in Parallel Columns

When you first enter text in parallel columns, type the text you want in the first column, then press Hard Page to move to the next column. Press Hard Page to continue moving the cursor from column to column across the page. When you reach the last column on the page, pressing Hard Page starts a new set of columns, which places you in the first column of a new page in your document. It also inserts an extra Hard Return code [HRt] so that each separate set of columns will be separated by an extra space. If you want your sets of columns to be single-spaced on a page, you must delete the Hard Return code [HRt] between each set of columns.

Features

You can use columns with other features such as graphics text boxes, headers, and footers. You cannot include columns in footnotes, endnotes, or tables.

To include a table in a column, create the table in a graphics box (see Table, Create).

Margins

Once you select the number of columns, settings for equal columns are calculated automatically. These settings are displayed in the Text Column Definition menu under Margins. If you do not want equal columns, or you want to change the displayed column sizes, select Margins (4) on the Text Column Definition menu. Enter a new measurement for each setting, or press Return to skip over a displayed setting.

To change the column margins for parallel columns, enter a new parallel column definition directly after your existing one and delete the old code. The new column margins take effect, and the existing text is formatted in the new column margins. You can also change the number of columns, but it will reformat the existing text. For example, when two columns are combined into one column, the text in those columns is also combined.

Changing the margins for your columns does not change the left and right margin settings of your document. Make sure the left margin of the first column corresponds to the current left margin setting for the page, and the right margin of the last column corresponds to the current right margin setting for the page. When you place graphic images in columns, problems can occur if these settings do not correspond (see Graphics, Define a Box).

Moving from Column to Column

To move the cursor from column to column, once you have typed text,

•

Press Go To, then press Right Arrow to move one column to the right, or Left Arrow to move one column to the left.

•

Press Go To, Home, Left or Right Arrow to move to the first or last column on a page.

•

Press Go To, then press Up Arrow or Down Arrow to move the cursor to the top or bottom of the current column.

Columns, Parallel 63

Number

In the default setting, Corel WordPerfect creates two columns on each page within the existing margins in your document. To change the number of columns on the Text Column Definition menu, select Number of Columns (2), then enter the number of columns you want across a page.

The maximum number of columns you can create is 24. If you enter more columns than can fit within your margins, you will get an error message. If this happens, you can reduce the distance between columns (see Distance Between Columns above).

Parallel vs. Newspaper

In parallel columns, blocks of text are held together side-by-side on a page. You can also create newspaper-style columns, where text moves down the first column to the bottom of the page, then moves to the top of the next column (see Columns, Newspaper).

Parallel vs. Parallel with Block Protect

When you create parallel columns, you can select Parallel (2) or Parallel with Block Protect (3). Using Parallel, a single parallel column can be longer than

one page. In Parallel with Block Protect, each set of columns is held together on one page

(unless the text in one of the columns is longer than a page). This is useful when typing such things as inventories where you want to keep sets of items together.

Removing Columns

If you create columns and then want to delete them, you can return your text to normal format by deleting the Column Definition code [Col Def:column type;#columns;margins] from Reveal Codes or in the normal editing screen.

When you delete a column definition, all the codes that go with the column definition are deleted. The Hard Page codes [HPg] remain and must be deleted manually. To delete one set of columns, delete the [Col On] or [Col Off ] codes.

If a previous column definition exists in a document when you delete a column definition, the codes that go with the previous column definition remain and the existing columns are formatted according to the previous column definition.

If you have several sets of columns in a document but want to delete only one set, do not delete the Column Definition code. Delete the Column On [Col On] code and Column Off [Col Off ] code for that set.

See Also: Columns, Display; Columns, Newspaper

64 Columns, Parallel

Compose

Use Compose to access characters not found on your keyboard. A list of these characters is found in the Corel WordPerfect Character Sets (see Appendix P).

1 Press Compose.

j Select Characters from the Font menu.

Pressing Ctrl-v displays a “Key =” prompt at the bottom of the screen; the keys you press in steps 2 through 4 below are displayed. Pressing Ctrl-2 displays no prompt and the keys you press do not appear on the screen. However, both keystrokes perform the same function in the normal editing screen.

2 Type the number of the character set containing the character you want to

create.

3 Type a comma (,).

Press Return.

4 Enter the number of the character you want to create.

For example, to create Æ (character number 36 in Corel WordPerfect Character Set 1), press Compose, then enter 1,36.

Notes

Characters on the Screen

Not all characters in the character sets can be displayed on the editing screen. Some are represented by a tilde or other default character. Use View Document to see how the characters will appear when printed.

Compose with Limited Characters

If you use Compose to enter a character from a Corel WordPerfect Character Set into a long document name, macro description, graphics caption, or other situation where the number of characters is limited, you may not be able to enter as many characters as if you did not use any Compose characters.

Do not use any Compose characters in a UNIX filename. Many of these characters are not valid.

Ctrl-v

Press Ctrl-v to access Compose from the normal editing window. However, if you press Ctrl-v in Window Edit structures such as comments and document summaries, or in Line Edit structures such as macro descriptions and other document summary fields, the “Key =” prompt will not be displayed.

In the Macro Editor press Ctrl-2 instead if Ctrl-v.

Digraphs, Symbols, and Diacritics

You can use Compose to access some of the common digraphs and diacritics from the Corel WordPerfect Character Sets without typing the character set or character numbers. After pressing Compose, type one character followed by another character. You do not need to type a comma between the two characters

Compose 65

or press Return after typing the characters. You can type either character in the pair first.

Diacritics

•

Diacritics are marks used with characters to represent a certain phonetic value. Accessing diacritics is not as specific as accessing digraphs and symbols. Examples of some diacritics are listed below. Try the diacritics with the character of your choice, or use the Corel WordPerfect Character Set number.

Mark Example Result

Acute 'i í Caron vz ž Cedilla ,c ç Centered Dot :l l• Circumflex ^a â Crossbar -t -t Dot Above .c c˙ Grave ‘e è Macron _u u¯ Ogonek ;a a˛ Ring Above @a å Slash /o ø Stroke \l ł Tilde ˜n ñ Umlaut “u ü

•

Digraphs and Symbols

The following are some of the digraphs and

symbols that can be created with Compose:

Type Character Result

AE [1,36] Æ ae [1,37] æ IJ [1,138] IJ ij [1,139] ij OE [1,166] Œ oe [1,167] œ ox [4,24] ¤ ss [1,23] ß L- [4,11] £ P

[4,5] ¶ << [4,9] « >> [4,10] » Y= [4,12] ¥ Pt [4,13] Pt c/ [4,19] ¢ +- [6,1] ± <= [6,2] >= [6,3] == [6,14]

66 Conditional End of Page

Type Character Result

˜˜ [6,13] /= [6,99] tm [4,41] ™ sm [4,42] ro [4,22] ® co [4,23] © rx [4,43] /2 [4,17] ½ /4 [4,18] ¼ *. [4,3] · ** [4,0] • *o [4,45] *O [4,1] ao [1,35] å f- [4,14] ƒ a= [4,15] ª o= [4,16] º ?? [4,8] ¿ !! [4,7] ¡ n- [4,33] – m- [4,34] —

-- [4,34] —

Keyboard Mapping

You can “map” characters you frequently use to a specific key (or keys) on the keyboard. Use Compose with Keyboard Layout to map these characters.

Printable Characters

If your printer can print graphics, you can print every character in the Corel WordPerfect Character Sets (see Appendix P). If your printer does not have a specific character, the character is created with the .drs (driver resource) file and then printed as a graphic image. With diacritics, often only the diacritical mark must be created graphically.

If your printer cannot print graphics, some characters from the Character Sets will not print. See Printer Program, Customize Substitute Fonts to find out how you can increase the number of characters you can print as text.

See Also: Keyboard Layout; Printer Program, Customize Substitute Fonts; Appendix P

Conditional End of Page

Use Conditional End of Page to keep titles and subsequent paragraphs together. This protects a specified number of lines from being split between pages.

Conditional End of Page 67

In the document below, the paragraph title is separated from the paragraph by a page break.

Page break

Paragraph

Page break

Paragraph

Title

In the document below, Conditional End of Page keeps the title and paragraph on the same page.

Title

Before you use Conditional End of Page, determine the number of lines you want to keep together.

1 Move the cursor to the line immediately above the lines you want kept

together (even if there is text on that line).

2 Press Format, then select Other (4).

j Select Other from the Layout menu.

3 Select Conditional End of Page (2). 4 Enter the number of lines to keep together. 5 Press Exit to return to the document.

Notes

68 Convert Program

Codes

Places a Conditional End of Page code Cndl EOP:#] in your document, where # is the number of lines to be held together. A soft page break is inserted instead of splitting the protected lines. To separate protected lines, press Hard Page.

Convert Program

Conditional End of Page vs. Block Protect

Conditional End of Page protects a specific number of lines from a certain point forward. Block Protect protects a block of text.

Line Spacing

When entering the number of lines to be protected, consider any blank lines that will result from double- or triple-spaced text. For example, to keep a heading and the first line of a paragraph together in double-spaced text, enter 4 and not 2 as the number of lines to protect.

The Corel WordPerfect Convert Program (cvt) converts files from selected programs to Corel WordPerfect, and Corel WordPerfect files to other programs. To convert a file to ASCII format (with no word-processing codes), use Text In/Out.

Command Line Convert

Notes

Corel WordPerfect 8c for UNIX uses a command line format to convert files from the UNIX command line.

To use the Convert Utility,

1 Make sure the Convert Utility (cvt) is in your path (the Installation Program

copies it to the shbin directory).

2 Enter cvt [-ohi] input output type

The table below gives examples of the conversion process, using the Convert Utility.

Input Filename Convert Command Output Filename and File Type

doc.in cvt doc.in doc.out

wp8c

doc2.in cvt -i doc2.in

doc2.out ndif

Options

Three flags are available. The -h flag displays a help screen which describes the usage of cvt. This screen also appears if cvt is called without arguments.

The -i flag specifies the ISO Latin-1 character set. If -i is not specified, cvt uses the extended ASCII character set.

The -o flag overwrites existing output files. If -o is not specified, and the output file already exists, nothing will be converted or written to the output file.

doc.out (Corel WordPerfect 8c file)

doc2.out (Navy DIF file)

Convert Program 69

Auto-Detection

The Convert Utility automatically detects the input file type. You only need to specify the output file type in the type argument.

If the Convert Utility detects a file it cannot convert, the output file will not be created, and cvt will return an error message to the UNIX shell. Because Corel WordPerfect 8c calls cvt for file conversions, cvt cannot generate error messages.

Output File Conversion Types

The type argument specifies the format of the output file. The table below shows the abbreviation of each output file type.

Abbreviation Output File Type

asc 7-bit ASCII asci 8-bit Extended ASCII dw40 DisplayWrite mm37 Multimate ndif Navy DIF Standard rft IBM fft IBM

wd40 Microsoft wp42 WordPerfect wp50 WordPerfect wp51 Corel ws33 WordStar

4.0

Advantage II

DCA Revisable-Form-Text DCA Final-Form-Text

Word 4.0

Corporation’s WordPerfect 4.2

Corporation’s WordPerfect 5.0

WordPerfect 5.1

3.3

See Also: Document Conversion; Retrieve; Text In/Out

Corel®Versions

70 Corel Versions

Corel®Versions®is the solution to the problem of trying to control and track multiple copies of the same file. Instead of trying to keep track of all your updates to a file by saving new versions of it under different file names, Corel Versions lets you save the changes you have made to each successive version of your file. Each version is archived to its own directory, or the directory of your choice, on any read/write drive, including hard drives and disks.

Corel Versions lists all your archived files in a history list, allowing you to retrieve any archived file if you need a previous version. Corel Versions also lets you compare any two files to see the text differences between them.

With Corel Versions you can

•

Archive previous versions of your files

•

Retrieve any archived version of a file

•

View any archived version of a file

•

Compare archived files to see the differences between them

Cross-Reference

•

Attach meaningful information to each archived version that can be viewed in the document history window

•

Track multiple users of a common file

•

Delete any archived file from the history list

•

Specify how many versions to keep in the document history list (when the number is reached the oldest version is discarded), or keep all of them

•

Protect a specific archived version from being discarded from the history list by using the permanent option

Corel Versions can also be used on a network when a group will work on the same files. Each saved version displays the name of the user who archived it.

For more information on how to use Corel Versions, see Corel WordPerfect’s online Help.

Cross-references are often used in legal documents, research papers, or other documents to refer the reader to a page number, table number, or footnote number.

Cross-references

Despite advice to the contrary, Metcalf has always maintained that employees should be given direction instead of management. To that end, he has worked to give employees a voice in both their job description and the goals of this company.

Maximizing the Organization

However, in all the attention to employees, the goal to provide quality merchandise at discount prices (see figure 4) continues to give purpose and direction to the company.

As indicated in the Operating Expenses table (again, see page 2), that goal contributes to the recent venture into retail outlets. After the opening of several retail stores in 1990, sales increased by 50% in the last quarter. However, as demonstrated by the table figures, operating expenses were often more than twice those of the third quarter.

Operating Expenses

1990

Expense Quarter Quarter Change

Fourth Third

Use Cross-Reference to marks references and targets. After editing the document, generate to update the cross-references.

Cross-Reference 71

Cross-references consist of:

•

Reference

•

Target

•

Target name

The reference is the location from which you are referring. It is where you create the text and numbers that send a reader to other parts of the document. The examples shown at the beginning of this section are references.

The target is the location to which you refer the reader. In the examples shown above, the targets are where you look after you read the information.

The target name is a unique identifier that ties references and targets together. When you generate or compile your cross-references, the target name matches references and targets.

The target name is only used during generation. It is not printed, and is only displayed in Reveal Codes.

To create a cross-reference,

•

Mark the references and targets and include a target name.

•

Generate the cross-references.

To mark the reference and target in one operation,

1 Move the cursor to where you want to create the reference. 2 Type any introductory text you want to include, then press the Space Bar to

add a space between the introductory text and the location of the reference (see Introductory Text below).

3 Press Mark Text, then select Cross-Ref (1).

j Select Cross-Reference from the Mark Menu.

4 Select Mark Both Reference and Target (3) to begin marking the reference

and target.

j Select Both from the Cross-Reference submenu.

5 Select the type of reference you want to use (see Reference Types below). 6 Move the cursor to a position immediately after the target, then press

Return.

Make sure the cursor is after the target by checking Reveal Codes.

7 Enter a target name (see Target Name below). 8 If necessary, finish typing the introductory text for the reference. 9 Repeat the steps above, marking all references and targets in your document. 10 Press Mark Text, then select Generate (6).

j Select Generate from the Mark menu.

72 Cross-Reference

11 Select Generate Tables, Indexes, Cross-References, etc. (5), then type y to

generate.

The last cross-references generated are the cross-references that are printed. You should generate the cross-references before you print the document to ensure that cross-references are correct. For a more detailed explanation of Generate, see Generate.

Notes

Introductory Text

Corel WordPerfect inserts a number, letter, or character at the spot of the reference when the cross-references are generated. If you want introductory text that explains the number or letter, you must type the text.

The only exceptions to this rule occur if you reference graphics box numbers or page numbers. For graphics box numbers, Corel WordPerfect inserts the Caption Number Style before the box number. If the Caption Number Style includes text, the text appears when the cross-reference is generated. For more information about Caption Number Styles, see Graphics Options.

For page numbers, Corel WordPerfect inserts the Page Number Style. If the Page Number Style includes text, the text appears when the cross-reference is generated. See Page Numbering.

Mark Reference Only

You can create the reference before the target is created. To mark only the reference,

1 Move the cursor to the position where you want to create the reference. 2 Type any introductory text you want to include, then press the Space Bar to

add a space between the introductory text and the location of the reference (see Introductory Text above).

3 Press Mark Text, then select Cross-Ref (1).

j Select Cross-Reference from the Mark menu.

4 Select Mark Reference (1) to begin marking the reference.

j Select Reference from the Cross-Reference submenu.

5 Select the type of reference you want to use (see Reference Types below). 6 Enter a target name. 7 If necessary, finish typing the introductory phrase for the reference.

Repeat the steps above for additional references you want to mark separately. When you mark a reference, [Ref(target name):type ] can be seen in Reveal Codes.

A question mark (?) appears in place of the reference number. Once you mark targets and generate cross-references, the question mark is replaced by the correct information (see Mark Target Only below).

Cross-Reference 73

Mark Target Only

If you marked or plan to mark a reference separately and want to create a target, you can mark the target separately.

To mark only a target,

1 Move the cursor to a position immediately after the target.

Use Reveal Codes to be sure of the cursor location.

2 Press Mark Text, then select Cross-Ref (1).

j Select Cross-Reference from the Mark menu.

3 Select Mark Target (2) to mark the target.

j Select Target from the Cross-Reference submenu.

4 Enter a target name. The target name should be the same as the target name

for the reference (see Target Name below).

Repeat the steps above for all targets you want to mark separately. When you mark a target, [Target (target name)] can be seen in Reveal Codes.

If you marked all your references and targets, you are ready to generate the crossreferences.

To generate the cross-references,

1 Press Mark Text. 2 Select Generate (6). 3 Select Generate Tables ... (5), then type y. Master Documents

If your document is extremely long, you can use Master Document to divide it into smaller files. You can still generate cross-references which include any references and targets marked in subdocuments.

Multiple Cross-References

You can create two types of multiple cross-references. The first type crossreferences the same target with one or more reference types. The second type cross-references one or more targets with the same reference type.

74 Cross-Reference

Cross-reference

To create the first type, mark a reference for each different reference type. You only need one target. For example, in the following cross-reference mark two references, a page number reference and a graphics box reference.

The Next Fifty Years

While the recent upswing in the growth of HALVA International is a welcome indicator, there are also potential problems that need to be addressed.

However, if these needs are met, the company can look forward to a bright and exciting future through the decade of the 1990’s and beyond.

Expanding Markets

From oriental rugs to imported jewelry, HALVA International has always provided a variety of merchandise to its customers. However, the variety of products has often been limited to those items that are a known quantity.

Recent trends indicate, however, that there is profit to be made in areas such as oriental furniture and music boxes. In fact, our research indicates that music boxes may become a long-term, profitable investment (see page 4, figure 2).

Expanding Resources

You must mark the target once if both references use the same target name. The target can be marked in the same operation as one of the references, or separate from both of the references.

To create the second kind of cross-reference, you must mark the reference once, but mark each target separately. The targets should have the same target name. For example, in the following cross-reference you should mark one page number reference.

Cross-reference

In this report, the past, present, and future status of HALVA International are reviewed (see pages 4, 10, 12), with an emphasis on these characteristics as being vital to the continued survival of the company.

The European Connection

The year was 1939, and the rumors of war had become a nightmare of reality. With the transportation of goods between many countries blocked, and the lines of economic communication virtually severed, intercontinental business was at a standstill.

"Suddenly, the entire face of economics changed to a survival industry. Manufacturing resources were transformed overnight into a war machine. Sacrifice of conveniences became the test of civil loyalty."

It was an awkward, if not impossible, time for the birth of an import/export business. But, then, Bryan Metcalf was no ordinary individual.

The Roots of Mail Order

Cross-Reference 75

You should mark a target on each page you refer to. Y\ou can mark one of the targets in the same operation as the reference, but you must mark at least two targets separately. When you generate, the cross-references will be separated by a comma and a space.

Reference Types

You can reference page numbers, paragraph/outline numbers, footnote numbers, endnote numbers, and graphics box numbers. If you cross-reference a graphics box number, you must also select the type of graphics box you want to crossreference.

To mark a target for most of these items, move the cursor to the immediate right of the code that represents that item, then mark the target. For example, mark a paragraph number by moving the cursor to the immediate right of the paragraph number code you want to cross-reference, then mark the target.

You can mark the target with Reveal Codes on to make sure the cursor location is correct.

The following are exceptions:

•

If you mark a page number, move to the text on the page that you want to cross-reference, then mark the target. Make sure you mark the target within the text. This ensures that the cross-reference will be correct even if the text is moved to a different page.

•

To mark a page number for a footnote or endnote, display the footnote or endnote in its editing screen, Footnote (1) or Endnote (2), Edit (2), note

number) before marking the target.

To mark a page number for an endnote, you must generate endnotes for the page number to appear correctly (see Generate).

•

To mark a page number for a graphics box, place the target in the graphics box caption. If the box “bumps,” the correct page number is still referenced.

•

If your reference is located in a graphics box caption, a header, or a footer, you cannot mark the reference and the target in the same operation. You must mark the reference and target separately (see Mark Reference Only and Mark Target Only above).

Target Name

The Target Name “ties” the reference and target together. When Corel WordPerfect generates cross-references, it looks for matching target names, then creates the cross-reference.

The target names must be an exact match. For example, if you type “Bird” at the reference and mistakenly type “Birds” at the target, the two will not match, and Corel WordPerfect cannot create the correct cross-reference.

Target names, however, are not case specific. “BIRD” and “bird” are considered the same.

76 Cross-Reference

Cursor Movement

Update Cross-References

The last cross-references generated are the cross-references that are printed. You should generate the cross-references before you print the document, so cross-references will be correct. For a more detailed explanation of Generate, see Generate.

Corel WordPerfect - 8 Instruction Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual