Casio AP-400 User Manual

PX-120/PX-720/AP-200/AP-400 MIDI Implementation

CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.

Contents

Part I MIDI Message Overview

1 Product Configuration as a MIDI Device.......................................................................................... 5

1.1 System Section.................................................................................................................................... 5

1.2 Performance Controller Section .......................................................................................................... 5

1.3 Auto Accompaniment and Auto Performance MIDI Send ................................................................... 5

1.4 Sound Generator Section.................................................................................................................... 6

1.4.1 Sound Generator Common Block .......................................................................................................... 6

1.4.2 Part Block ...............................................................................................................................................6

2 Conditions that Disable Message Send and Receive ...................................................................... 7

3 Timbre Type Specific Operation ...................................................................................................... 7

Part II Channel Message

4 Receive Channel ............................................................................................................................. 8

5 Send Channel .................................................................................................................................. 8

6 Note Off ........................................................................................................................................... 8

7 Note On ........................................................................................................................................... 8

8 Polyphonic Key Pressure................................................................................................................. 9

9 Control Change................................................................................................................................ 9

9.1 Bank Select (00H) ............................................................................................................................... 9

9.2 Modulation (01H) ............................................................................................................................... 10

9.3 Data Entry (06H, 26H) ....................................................................................................................... 10

9.4 Volume (07H) .................................................................................................................................... 10

9.5 Pan (0AH).......................................................................................................................................... 11

9.6 Expression (0BH) .............................................................................................................................. 11

9.7 General Use Controllers 1 through 8 (10H through 13H, 50H through 53H)..................................... 11

9.8 Hold1 (40H) ....................................................................................................................................... 12

9.9 Sostenuto (42H) ................................................................................................................................ 12

9.10 Soft (43H) .......................................................................................................................................... 13

9.11 Vibrato Rate (4CH) ............................................................................................................................ 13

9.12 Vibrato Depth (4DH) .......................................................................................................................... 13

9.13 Vibrato Delay (4EH)........................................................................................................................... 14

9.14 Reverb Send (5BH) ........................................................................................................................... 14

9.15 Chorus Send (5DH) ........................................................................................................................... 14

9.16 NRPN (62H, 63H) .............................................................................................................................. 15

9.17 RPN (64H, 65H) ................................................................................................................................ 15

9.17.1 Pitch Bend Sensitivity .......................................................................................................................... 15

9.17.2 Fine Tune.............................................................................................................................................. 16

9.17.3 Coarse Tune.......................................................................................................................................... 16

9.17.4 Modulation Depth ................................................................................................................................16

9.17.5 Null....................................................................................................................................................... 16

9.18 All Sound Off (78H) ........................................................................................................................... 17

9.19 Reset All Controllers (79H) ................................................................................................................ 17

10 Mode Message .............................................................................................................................. 17

10.1 All Notes Off (7BH) ............................................................................................................................ 17

10.2 Omni Off (7CH).................................................................................................................................. 18

10.3 Omni On (7DH).................................................................................................................................. 18

10.4 Mono (7EH) ....................................................................................................................................... 18

10.5 Poly (7FH) ......................................................................................................................................... 18

11 Program Change ........................................................................................................................... 19

11.1 About the Timbre Type ...................................................................................................................... 19

11.2 DSP Assignments During Tone Selection ......................................................................................... 19

11.2.1 DSP Line Structure............................................................................................................................... 19

11.2.2 DSP Line Assignment .......................................................................................................................... 19

11.2.3 Use of the Same DSP Line by Multiple Parts ...................................................................................... 20

12 Channel Aftertouch ........................................................................................................................ 20

13 Pitch Bend ..................................................................................................................................... 20

Part III System Messages

14 Active Sensing ............................................................................................................................... 21

15 System Exclusive Message ........................................................................................................... 21

15.1 Universal Realtime System Exclusive Message................................................................................ 21

15.1.1 Master Volume ..................................................................................................................................... 21

15.1.2 Master Balance ..................................................................................................................................... 22

15.1.3 Master Fine Tuning .............................................................................................................................. 22

15.1.4 Master Coarse Tuning .......................................................................................................................... 22

15.1.5 Reverb Parameter .................................................................................................................................23

15.1.6 Chorus Parameter .................................................................................................................................23

15.1.7 GM System Message............................................................................................................................ 25

15.1.8 GS Message.......................................................................................................................................... 25

15.2 Instrument-Specific System Exclusive Message ............................................................................... 26

Part IV Instrument-Specific System Exclusive Messages

16 Format ........................................................................................................................................... 27

16.1 Message Classifications .................................................................................................................... 27

16.2 Basic Message Structure................................................................................................................... 27

16.3 Format of Each Field ......................................................................................................................... 28

16.3.1 SX : System Exclusive Message Status ...............................................................................................28

16.3.2 MAN : Manufacturer's ID .................................................................................................................... 28

16.3.3 MOD : Model ID.................................................................................................................................. 28

16.3.4 dev : MIDI Device ID 00H-7FH .......................................................................................................... 28

16.3.5 act : Action ........................................................................................................................................... 28

16.3.6 cat : Category ....................................................................................................................................... 29

16.3.7 mem : Memory Area ID ....................................................................................................................... 29

16.3.8 pset : Parameter Set Number................................................................................................................29

16.3.9 blk : Block Number .............................................................................................................................. 30

16.3.10 pkt : Packet Number .............................................................................................................................30

16.3.11 prm : Parameter ID ............................................................................................................................... 30

16.3.12 idx : Data Index Number ...................................................................................................................... 30

16.3.13 len : Data Length .................................................................................................................................. 31

16.3.14 data : Parameter Data ........................................................................................................................... 31

17 Individual Parameter Operations ................................................................................................... 32

Part V Parameter List

18 System Parameters ....................................................................................................................... 33

18.1 System Information Parameter.......................................................................................................... 33

19 Setup Parameter............................................................................................................................ 34

19.1 MIDI Parameter ................................................................................................................................. 34

20 Patch Parameters .......................................................................................................................... 34

20.1 Master Tune Parameter..................................................................................................................... 34

20.2 Master Mixer Parameter .................................................................................................................... 34

20.3 System Chorus Parameter ................................................................................................................ 34

20.4 System Reverb Parameter ................................................................................................................ 35

20.5 System Acoustic Resonance Parameter ........................................................................................... 35

20.6 Brilliance Parameter .......................................................................................................................... 35

20.7 Part Parameter .................................................................................................................................. 36

21 Tone Parameters ........................................................................................................................... 36

21.1 Basic Parameters .............................................................................................................................. 36

21.2 LFO Parameter.................................................................................................................................. 37

21.3 DSP Parameter ................................................................................................................................. 38

Part VI DSP Parameter List

22 Tone with DSP List ........................................................................................................................ 39

23 DSP Algorithm ID Table................................................................................................................. 39

23.1 Monaural Tone DSP .......................................................................................................................... 39

23.2 Stereo Tone DSP .............................................................................................................................. 39

24 DSP Parameter Table.................................................................................................................... 40

24.1 Algorithm 0001 : Mono-Mono Tremolo Parameter ............................................................................ 40

24.2 Algorithm 0002 : Mono-Mono 3Band EQ Parameter ......................................................................... 40

24.3 Algorithm 0011 : Mono-Mono Wide 3Band EQ Parameter................................................................ 40

24.4 Algorithm 2001 : Stereo-Stereo 3Band EQ Parameter...................................................................... 40

24.5 Algorithm 2017 : Stereo-Stereo Wide 3Band EQ Parameter ............................................................ 40

24.6 Algorithm 2018 : Mix-Stereo Wide 3Band EQ Parameter ................................................................. 40

Part VII Setting Values and Send/Receive Values

25 Setting Value Tables...................................................................................................................... 41

25.1 Off/On Setting Value Table................................................................................................................ 41

25.2 Slow/Fast Setting Value Table .......................................................................................................... 41

25.3 Rotate/Brake Setting Value Table ..................................................................................................... 41

25.4 –64 - 0 - 63 Setting Value Table........................................................................................................ 41

25.5 Pan Setting Value Table.................................................................................................................... 41

25.6 –100 - 0 - 99 Setting Value Table...................................................................................................... 41

25.7 Reverb Type Setting Value Table...................................................................................................... 41

25.8 Chorus Type Setting Value Table...................................................................................................... 42

25.9 Equalizer Mid Frequency Setting Value Table .................................................................................. 42

25.10 Wide Band Equalizer Mid Frequency Value Setting Table................................................................ 42

25.11 Brilliance Gain Setting Value Table ................................................................................................... 43

25.12 DSP Equalizer Gain Setting Value Table .......................................................................................... 43

Part VIII MIDI Implementation Notation

26 Value Notation ............................................................................................................................... 44

26.1 Hexadecimal Notation ....................................................................................................................... 44

26.2 Binary Notation .................................................................................................................................. 44

Part I

MIDI Message Overview

1 Product Configuration as a MIDI Device

As a MIDI device, the instrument consists of the System Section, Performance Controller Section, and Sound Generator Section described below. Each of these sections can send and receive specific MIDI Messages in accordance with its function.

• System Section

– Device Settings

• Sound Generator Section

– Common

∗ Sound Generator Common Block ∗ System Effect Block ∗ Master Effect Block (Brilliance Function) ∗ Mixer Master Block

– Channel Independent

∗ Instrument Parts ∗ Insertion Effect Block ∗ Mixer Channel Independent Block

• Performance Controller Section

– Keyboard

– Pedal and other real-time controllers

– Auto Accompaniment and Auto Accompaniment function

1.1 System Section

The System Section is divided between a sound generator and functions that are not directly related to Instrument play. In addition to manipulating Instrument setting parameters, this section is also used to exchange commands and information. For example, parameters can be initialized upon receipt of a System Section MIDI message, and memory use information can be sent.

1.2 Performance Controller Section

The Performance Controller Section consists of the keyboard, pedal and other real-time controllers, as well as blocks that generate auto accompaniment, auto performance, and other performance information. An operation causes the corresponding message to be transmitted to the sound generator and to be sent from MIDI OUT. The channel number of the sent message is in accordance with Instrument's part number.

1.3 Auto Accompaniment and Auto Performance MIDI Send

This document includes information for each type of information that describes what operation causes the message to be sent. However, since there are so many messages sent by an auto accompaniment or auto performance operation, those messages are not covered herein.

1.4 Sound Generator Section

The Sound Generator Section consists of a common part that does not depend on the channel and a part that specific to each channel. Mainly it receives performance information and performs operations.

1.4.1 Sound Generator Common Block

The common section consists of a sound generator setting blocks that do not depend on the sound generator part, such as system effects, mixer master control, etc. These can be controlled by system exclusive messages that are basically exclusive to this particular instrument, but several parameters also can be controlled by general universal system exclusive messages.

1.4.2 Part Block

The parts of the sound generator can be operated and their settings can be changed with Instrument-specific system exclusive messages and channel messages. This function consists of 32 parts, but channel messages can control only Group B. The following table shows the fixed relationships between the part numbers and channel numbers of channel messages.

Part

Number

00 A01 01 Keyboard Main

01 A02 02 Keyboard Layered

02 A03 03 Keyboard Split

03 A04 04 -

04 A05 05 Sequencer playback Keyboard track main

05 A06 06 Sequencer playback Keyboard track layered

06 A07 07 Sequencer playback Keyboard track split

07 A08 08 -

08 A09 09 Metronome/Count

09 A10 10 Auto Accompaniment Drums (PX-120 only)

10 A11 11 Auto Accompaniment Bass (PX-120 only)

11 A12 12 Auto Accompaniment Chords 1 (PX-120 only)

12 A13 13 Auto Accompaniment Chords 2 (PX-120 only)

13 A14 14 Auto Accompaniment Chords 3 (PX-120 only)

14 A15 15 Sequencer playback Solo track

15 A16 16 - -

16 B01 01 MIDI/Music Library Channel01

17 B02 02 MIDI/Music Library Channel02

18 B03 03 MIDI/Music Library Channel03 Music Library left-hand data

19 B04 04 MIDI/Music Library Channel04 Music Library right-hand data

20 B05 05 MIDI/Music Library Channel05

21 B06 06 MIDI/Music Library Channel06

22 B07 07 MIDI/Music Library Channel07

23 B08 08 MIDI/Music Library Channel08

24 B09 09 MIDI/Music Library Channel09

25 B10 10 MIDI/Music Library Channel10

26 B11 11 MIDI/Music Library Channel11

27 B12 12 MIDI/Music Library Channel12

Part Name

MIDI

Channel

Assigned Function Description

(Right keyboard in the Duet Mode)

(Left keyboard in the Duet Mode)

Part

Number

28 B13 13 MIDI/Music Library Channel13

29 B14 14 MIDI/Music Library Channel14

30 B15 15 MIDI/Music Library Channel15

31 B16 16 MIDI/Music Library Channel16

Part Name

MIDI

Channel

Assigned Function Description

2 Conditions that Disable Message Send and Receive

All MIDI message send and receive is temporarily disabled while any one of the following processes is in progress.

• Demo data performance in progress

• Music Library data performance in progress

3 Timbre Type Specific Operation

The operation that is performed for a received message depends on the current Timbre Type value (see "11.1 About the Timbre Type"), which is the operation mode of each sound generator part. Applicable information is provided in the explanations for each message.

Part II

Channel Message

4 Receive Channel

The channel number of the channel message received by each part is shown in the table under "1.4.2 Part Block". The channel number of a channel message that changes the settings of a DSP coincides with the channel of the part that is using the DSP.

5 Send Channel

Basically, the MIDI channel of the channel message sent when the Instrument is played coincides with the MIDI channel of the part being played. Note, however, that the MIDI channel of the performance information that corresponds to the keyboard main part is the Keyboard Channel setting value.

6 Note Off

Format

Message Format: 9nH kkH 00H (receive only)

8nH kkH **H

n: MIDI Channel Number

kk:

Key Number

**:

Ignored

Send

Sent when something is played on the keyboard.

Receive

Received over MIDI channels that correspond to each part. A part that is turned off by the Part Enable Parameter value explained under "20.7 Part Parameter" is not received. The velocity value is ignored.

7Note On

Format

Message Format: 9nH kkH vvH

n: MIDI Channel Number

kk: Key Number

vv: Velocity

Send

Sent when something is played on the keyboard.

Receive

Received over MIDI channels that correspond to each part. A part that is turned off by the Part Enable Parameter value explained under "20.7 Part Parameter" is not received.

8 Polyphonic Key Pressure

Format

Message Format: AnH kkH vvH

n: MIDI Channel Number

kk: Key Number

vv: Pressure Value

Send

This message is not sent by this Instrument.

Receive

This message is not received by this Instrument.

9 Control Change

Format

Message Format: BnH ccH vvH

n: MIDI Channel Number

cc: Control Number

vv: Value

Send

Sent when the Instrument's pedal is operated or when Instrument settings are changed.

Receive

Receipt changes the Instrument mode or the corresponding parameter.

9.1 Bank Select (00H)

Format

Message Format: BnH 00H vvH (MSB)

BnH 20H **H (LSB)

n: MIDI Channel Number

vv:

Value

**:

Ignored

Send

Sent when a tone is selected. See the Tone List in the Instrument's User's Guide for details.

Receive

Receipt causes a change in the tone bank number stored in Instrument memory, but the tone is not actually changed until a Program Change message is received. For details, see "11 Program Change" in this document, and the Tone List in the Instrument's User's Guide.

9.2 Modulation (01H)

Format

Message Format: BnH 01H vvH

n: MIDI Channel Number

vv: Value

Send

This message is not sent by this Instrument.

Receive

Receipt adds, to the tone being sounded, modulation of a depth specified by the value. In the case of a tone that already has modulation applied, receipt of this message increases the modulation depth. The modulation effect differs according to the tone being used.

9.3 Data Entry (06H, 26H)

Format

Message Format: BnH 06H vvH (MSB)

BnH 26H vvH (LSB)

n: MIDI Channel Number

vv: Value

Send

This message is not sent by this Instrument.

Receive

Receipt changes the parameter assigned to RPN. This Instrument does not have a parameter that corresponds to NRPN.

9.4 Volume (07H)

Format

Message Format: BnH 07H vvH

n: MIDI Channel Number

vv: Value

Send

Sent when the metronome volume is adjusted.

Receive

Receipt changes the volume of the corresponding part.

9.5 Pan (0AH)

Format

Message Format: BnH 0AH vvH

n: MIDI Channel Number

vv: Value (Note1)

Note 1:

For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see "25.5 Pan Setting Value Table" in "Part VII Setting Values and Send/Receive Values".

Send

This message is sent at initialization.

Receive

Receipt changes the pan setting of the corresponding part.

9.6 Expression (0BH)

Format

Message Format: BnH 0BH vvH

n: MIDI Channel Number

vv: Value

Send

This message is not sent by this Instrument.

Receive

Receipt changes the Expression value.

9.7 General Use Controllers 1 through 8 (10H through 13H, 50H through 53H)

These messages are used to control DSP operation.

Format

Message Format: BnH 10H vvH

BnH 11H vvH BnH 12H vvH BnH 13H vvH BnH 50H vvH BnH 51H vvH BnH 52H vvH BnH 53H vvH

n: MIDI Channel Number (Note1)

vv: Value

Send

This message is not sent by this Instrument.

DSP Parameter7[0] DSP Parameter7[1] DSP Parameter7[2] DSP Parameter7[3] DSP Parameter7[4] DSP Parameter7[5] DSP Parameter7[6] DSP Parameter7[7]

Receive

Receipt change the value of Parameter7 [0-7] (7-Bit Parameter) explained under "21.3 DSP Parameter". Any message received that corresponds to the parameter of a number not being used by the currently selected DSP is ignored.

Note 1: Received values and parameter setting values The range of the value of each DSP Parameter 7 array element depends on the selected DSP or array number. Unlike manipulation of a DSP parameter using a System Exclusive Message, a value received by this control change message is always a value from 0 to 127, but the value is changed in accordance with the setting range of the applicable parameter setting. Because of this, it is impossible for a value to be outside of the range of the applicable parameter setting. Conversion from the value received with the message to the parameter setting value is performed can be represented in general terms by the expression shown below.

Parameter

For details about Parameter 7 of each DSP, see the explanations under "Part VI DSP Parameter List".

Setting Value =

Parameter

Minimum Value + (

Parameter

Maximum Value -

Parameter

Minimum Value)

Received Value

127

9.8 Hold1 (40H)

Format

Message Format: BnH 40H vvH

n: MIDI Channel Number

vv: Value

Send

Sent when a pedal that has a sustain (damper) function is operated.

Receive

Receipt performs an operation equivalent to a sustain (damper) pedal operation.

Timbre Type Specific Operation This operation differs in accordance with the Timbre Type (see "11.1 About the Timbre Type") setting.

• Timbre Type: Melody

Sustain off/on control is performed in accordance with the value of the received message. For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see the "25.1 Off/On Setting Value Table" in "Part VII Setting Values and Send/Receive Values" of this document.

• Timbre Type: Piano

Continuous control of the piano tone decay rate and the decay rate of Acoustic Resonance effect resonance is performed in accordance with the value of the received message.

• Timbre Type: Drum

The received message does not affect sound source operation.

Acoustic Resonance When a part that is using Acoustic Resonance receives this message, the resonance characteristics of Acoustic Resonance are continually altered in accordance with the message value.

9.9 Sostenuto (42H)

Format

Message Format: BnH 42H vvH

n: MIDI Channel Number

vv: Value (Note1)

Note 1:

For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see the "25.1 Off/On Setting Value Table" in "Part VII Setting Values and Send/Receive Values" of this document.

Send

Sent when a pedal that has a sostenuto function is operated.

Receive

Receipt performs an operation equivalent to a sostenuto pedal operation.

9.10 Soft (43H)

Format

Message Format: BnH 43H vvH

n: MIDI Channel Number

vv: Value (Note1)

Note 1:

For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see the "25.1 Off/On Setting Value Table" in "Part VII Setting Values and Send/Receive Values" of this document.

Send

Sent when a pedal that has a soft function is operated.

Receive

Receipt performs an operation equivalent to a soft pedal operation.

9.11 Vibrato Rate (4CH)

Format

Message Format: BnH 4CH vvH

n: MIDI Channel Number

vv: Value (Note1)

Note 1:

For information about the relationship between setting values and send/receive values, see "25.4 –64 - 0 - 63 Setting Value Table" in "Part VII Setting Values and Send/Receive Values" of this document.

Send

This message is not sent by this Instrument.

Receive

Receipt changes the vibrato rate of the tone that is currently selected by the applicable part.

9.12 Vibrato Depth (4DH)

Format

Message Format: BnH 4DH vvH

n: MIDI Channel Number

vv: Value (Note1)

Note 1:

Send

This message is not sent by this Instrument.

Receive

Receipt changes the vibrato auto depth of the tone that is currently selected by the applicable part.

9.13 Vibrato Delay (4EH)

Format

Message Format: BnH 4EH vvH

n: MIDI Channel Number

vv: Value (Note1)

Note 1:

Send

This message is not sent by this Instrument.

Receive

Receipt changes the vibrato auto delay of the tone that is currently selected by the applicable part.

9.14 Reverb Send (5BH)

Format

Message Format: BnH 5BH vvH

n: MIDI Channel Number

vv: Value (Note1)

Note 1:

The setting value matches the value that is sent and received.

Send

This message is sent at initialization and when the panel tone selection is changed.

Receive

Changes Reverb Send.

9.15 Chorus Send (5DH)

Format

Message Format: BnH 5DH vvH

n: MIDI Channel Number

vv: Value (Note1)

Note 1:

The setting value matches the value that is sent and received.

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