Apple Workgroup Server 8150/110 User Manual

Administrator’s Guide

for the Workgroup Server 8150/110

K Apple Computer, Inc.

in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement.

The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws.

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for printing or clerical errors.

Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014-2084 (408) 996-1010

Apple, the Apple logo, AppleShare, AppleTalk, EtherTalk, LaserWriter, LocalTalk, Mac, Macintosh, PlainTalk, and StyleWriter are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries.

AppleCD, Apple Desktop Bus, AppleScript, AppleSearch, AudioVision, Balloon Help, Disk First Aid, Finder, GeoPort, Power Macintosh, PowerTalk, QuickDraw, and QuickTime are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.

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Microsoft is a registered trademark, and Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

Motorola is a registered trademark of Motorola Corporation. NuBus is a trademark of Texas Instruments. QuarkXPress is a registered trademark of Quark, Inc. PowerPC is a trademark of International Business

Machines Corporation, used under license therefrom. Retrospect Remote is a trademark of Dantz

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Con tents

Preface Abou t This Gui de / xi

Communications regulation information / vii Laser information / ix

1Setting Up Your Ser ver / 1

Your server at a glance / 2 Security issues / 4

Physically isolating the system / 4 Using a locking cable / 4

Installing an expansion card / 5 Connecting a monitor / 5

Connecting the monitor’s power cord / 6 Connecting the monitor cable / 7

Connecting the mouse and keyboard / 9 Connecting other devices / 9 Plugging in the server / 10 Turning the server on / 11

Setting the server to restart automatically after a power failure / 13 Problems turning on your server? / 14

Setting the system time and date / 14 Turning the server off / 15

2Connecting to the Network / 17

Connecting to an Ethernet network / 18

Connecting to thin coaxial Ethernet / 19 Connecting to twisted-pair Ethernet / 20 Connecting to other types of Ethernet / 21

Connecting to a LocalTalk network / 22 If you need to switch the network connection / 23

3Expanding Your Server and Connecting Other Equipment / 25

Installing an expansion card / 26

Power requirements / 26 Installing the card / 26

Expanding memory / 33 Installing other internal devices / 33 Connecting hard disks and other SCSI devices / 33

Setting the SCSI ID number / 34 Connecting a SCSI device / 35 Installing a device driver / 37 Do you need to initialize a hard disk? / 38

iv Contents

Connecting a printer / 39 Connecting an additional monitor / 39 Connecting a trackball or other input device / 40 Connecting a microphone / 40 Connecting a GeoPort Telecom Adapter or modem / 41

4Using Software With Your Server / 43

Using Power Macintosh programs / 44

Virtual memory / 44 Shared libraries / 44

Using older Macintosh programs / 45

Using server application programs / 46

Setting the system time and date / 46 Order of installing and starting programs / 46 Setting up your server to restart programs automatically / 47

Additional capabilities for your server system / 48 Backing up your files / 48

5Using a DATDrive and Tape Cassettes / 49

Compatible tapes / 50 Tapes supplied with the server / 50 Starting up the tape drive / 50 Inserting tape cassettes / 51 Status lights / 52

The caution signal / 52

Removing tape cassettes / 53

Forcing the ejection of a tape cassette / 53

Locking a cassette / 53 Avoiding high humidity / 53 Cleaning the tape-drive heads / 54

6Troubleshooting / 55

When you run into trouble / 55

Take your time / 55 Start over / 56

Solutions to common problems / 57 When you need to reinstall system software / 66

Reinstalling system software / 66

Starting up from the CD-ROM drive / 67 Starting up from the floppy drive / 67 About using the Installer program / 68

Creating startup floppy disks / 70

Contents v

What to do if your server’s performance decreases / 72

Doing a clean installation of system software / 72

If there’s a problem with your CD-ROM drive software / 75 Repairing a damaged disk / 76

Try these suggestions first /77 How to test a hard disk / 77 How to repair a hard disk or floppy disk / 78 If Disk First Aid cannot correct the problem / 80

Appendi x A Safety, Maintenance, and Health Information / 81

Important server safety instructions / 81 Handling your computer equipment / 82

Handling the monitor / 83 Handling the keyboard/ 83 Handling floppy disks/ 83 Ejecting a disk/ 85 If you can’t eject a floppy disk/ 85 Power supply/ 85

Cleaning your equipment / 86

Cleaning the server case / 86 Cleaning the monitor / 86 Cleaning the mouse / 86

vi Contents

Health-related information about computer use / 88

Musculoskeletal discomfort / 88 Eye fatigue / 89 Arranging your office / 90 Avoiding fatigue / 91 What about electromagnetic emmissions? / 92

Appendi x BGetting Help/93

Learning the basics / 94 Reviewing the basics / 95 Getting answers in Macintosh Guide / 96

Getting answers with the Topics button / 97 Getting answers with the Index button / 99 Getting answers with the Look For button / 100 Tips for using Macintosh Guide / 102

Identifying objects on the screen / 103 Learning useful shortcuts / 104

Appendi x C Special Keys on Your Keyboard / 107

Appendi x D Using Stereo Audio / 109

About your server’s sound ports / 110 Connecting an audio device / 111

Choosing audio input options / 111 Choosing audio output options / 113

Recording an alert sound / 114 Connecting external stereo speakers / 115 Playing audio CDs / 116

Index / 117

Contents vii

Communications regulation inform ation

FCC statement

DOC statement

VCCI statement

This equipment has been tested and found comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions in this manual, may cause interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference, in which case the user, at the user’s own expense, will be required to correct the interference.

DOC Class A Compliance

This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the radio interference regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.

IMPORTANT

product are not authorized by Apple Computer, Inc., and could void the FCC certification and negate your authority to operate the product. This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of shielded cables and connectors between system components. It is important that you use shielded cables and connectors to reduce the possibility of causing interference to radios, television sets, and other electronic devices. For Apple peripheral devices, you can obtain the proper shielded cables through an Apple-authorized dealer. For non-Apple peripheral devices, contact the manufacturer or dealer for assistance.

Observation des normes—Classe A

Le présent appareil numérique n’émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites applicables aux appareils numériques de la Classe A prescrites dans les règlements sur le brouillage radioélectrique édictés par le Ministère des Communications du Canada.

Changes or modifications to this

CE statement

This equipment has been designed, tested, and found compliant with the Class A limits for Information Technology Equipment of EN55022. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against radio interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.

viii Communications regulation information

This equipment generates, uses, and may radiate radio-frequency energy and, if not properly installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may result in interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment is a residential area may cause radio interference, in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

Laser information

WARNING

Making adjustments or performing procedures other than those specified in your equipment’s documentation may result in hazardous exposure.

WARNING

Do not attempt to disassemble the cabinet containing the laser. The laser beam used in this product is harmful to the eyes. The use of optical instruments, such as magnifying lenses, with this product increases the potential hazard to your eyes. For your safety, have this equipment serviced only by an Apple-authorized service provider.

Your computer is a Class 1 laser product. The following Class 1 and service warning labels are on the CD-ROM drive inside the computer. The Class 1 label indicates that the drive meets minimum safety requirements.

Class 1 label

Laser information ix

Preface Ab o ut T his Guide

This guide tells you how to set up your Workgroup Server 8150/110 and connect it to a LocalTalk or Ethernet network. The guide also provides information about expanding your server, using software, and troubleshooting problems that may arise.

Note: For easier reading, the Workgroup Server 8150/110 will be referred to as the Workgroup Server 8150 throughout the remainder of this guide.

About your Workgroup Server 8150 and Power Macintosh software

Your Workgroup Server 8150 is powered by the new PowerPC microprocessor (or “chip”). This microprocessor was designed by Apple Computer, Inc., Motorola, Inc., and IBM Corporation. The PowerPC microprocessor uses Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) technology to deliver very high performance at the lowest possible cost. The PowerPC RISC microprocessor represents the state of the art in microprocessor design.

Your Workgroup Server 8150 will run almost all of your existing Macintosh software, but for best performance and greatest speed, look for software programs designed especially for Power Macintosh computers. You’ll find Power Macintosh programs at any software store that carries products for Macintosh.

Who s h ould read this guide

This guide is intended for the person who sets up the server and connects it to an existing network. You should be familiar with basic Macintosh terms, concepts, and techniques. If you’re new to the Macintosh environment, see Appendix B, “Getting Help,” after setting up your server system. You also need to know some details of your existing network to choose the appropriate procedures for connecting the server to your network.

What this guide contains

Here’s a brief summary of what you’ll find in this guide: m Chapter 1, “Setting Up Your Server,” explains how to connect the monitor,

keyboard, and mouse, and how to start up your server for the first time.

m Chapter 2, “Connecting to the Network,” describes how to connect the

server to an Ethernet or LocalTalk network.

m Chapter 3, “Expanding Your Server and Connecting Other Equipment,”

describes how to install an expansion card, add memory to the server, and connect additional internal and external devices.

m Chapter 4, “Using Software With Your Server,” discusses running Power

Macintosh software and server application programs (including network services).

m Chapter 5, “Using a DAT Drive and Tape Cassettes,” explains the use of the

optional DAT drive and describes the types of tape cassettes that are appropriate for use with the drive.

m Chapter 6, “Troubleshooting,” helps you solve problems with the server.

This chapter also explains how to reinstall system software.

m Appendix A, “Safety, Maintenance, and Health Information,” suggests how

you can create a healthful and safe server environment and keep your server equipment in good working order.

xii Preface

m Appendix B, “Getting Help,” describes how to use the various kinds of on-

screen help available in the Guide menu.

m Appendix C, “Special Keys on Your Keyboard,” describes the uses of unique

keys as shortcuts for menu commands and alternatives to using the mouse.

m Appendix D, “Using Stereo Audio,” explains how to use your server’s

stereo audio capabilities.

How to use this guide

Familiarize yourself with your server’s basic components. See the section “Your Server at a Glance” in Chapter 1.

Consider security issues and placement of your server. Read the section “Security Issues” in Chapter 1 for important information about protecting your server from unauthorized access.

If you want to add an expansion card or internal drive to the server: Install the card or internal device according to the instructions in Chapter 3, “Expanding Your Server and Connecting Other Equipment.” Then return to Chapter 1 to connect the monitor and keyboard.

If you want to connect external peripheral devices to your server: After you connect the monitor and keyboard to the server, as described in Chapter 1, turn to the appropriate instructions in Chapter 3, then return to Chapter 1.

Connect to the network to complete the setup process. See Chapter 2, “Connecting to the Network,” for details.

If you are new to Macintosh: After setting up the hardware and turning your server on, refer to Appendix B, “Getting Help,” to learn how to use the features of Macintosh system software and application programs.

Be sure to read other sections of the book that are relevant to your work environment. Also, be sure to keep this book in a handy location; if you experience problems while using your server, you may need to refer to Chapter 6, “Troubleshooting.”

For on -scree n help and information

There are several valuable sources of help and information that you can view directly on your server’s monitor screen, as described in this section.

Workgroup Server Read Me

It is important that you read the Workgroup Server Read Me file, which contains late-breaking information about your server. This file is located on the server’s hard disk and on the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc. You may want to print this file for future reference.

Preface xiii

The Guide menu

Starting with system software version 7.5, you have instant access to new kinds of help when using your system and application programs. You can see your options in the Guide (h) menu in the upper-right corner of the screen.

You’ll find the instructions available in Macintosh Guide particularly useful when you have questions or encounter problems with your system software. For more details on the types of on-screen help available, refer to Appendix B, “Getting Help,” and explore your options in the Guide menu.

Workgroup Server Electronic Library

For your convenience, electronic versions of your server’s documentation are provided on your server’s hard disk and on the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc. You’ll find these documents in a folder called the Electronic Library. To read a document, just double-click to open it. You’ll find on-screen help available in the document.

xiv Preface

The Electronic Library folder contains electronic versions of the following documents:

m this book, the Administrator’s Guide m the Technical Information booklet for the Workgroup Server 8150 m the Apple RAID Software Administrator’s Guide m other user’s guides for software that may have come with your server

Other reference material

In addition to this guide, you may need to consult the following sources of information.

m Technical Information See this booklet for the technical specifications of

your server.

m The user’s guide for the CD-ROM drive that came with your server. See this

guide for information about using CD-ROM discs, playing audio compact discs and audio tracks on CD-ROM discs, and working with Photo CD discs.

m For information about server application programs included with your

Workgroup Server 8150, such as Apple RAID Software and Retrospect Remote, refer to the documentation for those programs included in the server accessory kit.

m There are a number of network services, such as AppleShare, AppleSearch,

and Apple Remote Access, that can be installed on your Workgroup Server 8150. Refer to the documentation included with those services for installation and operation information.

m For late-breaking information about your server and system software, see

the Workgroup Server Read Me file, located on the server’s hard disk and on the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc.

Preface xv

Where to find answer s

When you have questions about using your server, there are several places you can look for answers.

In this book

Use this book to help you set up your server and learn about

Administrator’s Guide

it, or to find solutions to problems.

In the Guide menu

The Guide menu (marked with the hicon) is your main source of information about system software. To learn how to get different kinds of help from the Guide menu, see Appendix B in this book.

In other manuals

For answers to questions about other equipment or about application programs you have purchased, see the manuals that came with the equipment or programs.

xvi Preface

From Apple’s customer support hotline

If you can’t find an answer in any of the materials provided, call the customer support hotline. (The phone number for the hotline is in the service and support information that came with your server.)

1 Setting Up Your Server

Setting up your server involves connecting a monitor, mouse, and keyboard, expanding your system to suit your needs, and connecting to the network.

First, acquaint yourself with your server’s features, as shown in the next section, “Your Server at a Glance.” Also, be sure to read the section “Security Issues” for important information about protecting your server from unauthorized access. Then, if you want to install an expansion card or install other internal devices, see the appropriate sections in Chapter 3 before returning to the setup procedures in this chapter. Once you’ve connected the monitor, mouse, and keyboard, you may need to refer to Chapter 3 again if you’re connecting external devices.

You complete the setup process by configuring your network connection, as described in Chapter 2.

Your server at a glance

The following figure shows the basic components of your Workgroup Server 8150, assembled and connected to a network.

Speaker

CD-ROM drive

Floppy disk drive

DAT drive or

second hard disk

(optional)

Hard disk drive

(internal)

Power light

Monitor

Monitor power light

Power On key

Mouse

To the network

Media adapter (transceiver)

Interrupt switch

Reset switch

2 Chapter 1 / Setting Up Your Server

The ports on the back of the Workgroup Server 8150 and the icons that identify them are shown in the following figure. During setup, you’ll connect hardware to some of these ports.

SCSI port

Connects your server to SCSI devices such

as hard disk drives, scanners, and printers.

Ethernet port

Connects your server to a high-speed network.

High-density monitor port

Connects a monitor to your server.

Printer port

Connects your server to a printer,

LocalTalk network, or GeoPort Adapter.

Modem port (GeoPort)

Connects an external modem or GeoPort Adapter to your server.

ADB port

Connects your server to input

devices, such as a keyboard or a trackball.

™

[

Power switch

≤

Power plug

Monitor power socket

Processor-direct slot (1)

NuBus slots (3)

Security lock ports

Sound output port

Connects your server to headphones,

speakers, or other audio output devices.

≈

Sound input port

Connects your server to a microphone

or other audio input device.

Your server at a glance 3

Security issues

The Workgroup Server 8150 lets you concentrate valuable or sensitive information on one system that can be physically isolated and more carefully monitored than would be possible if that information were stored on personal computers. Before you set up the server, you may want to consider two measures that you can take to secure the hardware components: physically isolating the system and using a locking cable to secure the system.

Physically isolating the system

It is important to note that even if software security features (such as password protection or locking screen savers) are in use on the server, it is still possible to disconnect peripheral devices from your server. There is no better way to protect hardware components than by physically isolating the server system— locking it either in a well-ventilated cabinet or in a room with controlled access. Depending on your security needs, the nature of the data stored on the server and its external drives may warrant the effort.

Using a locking cable

As an alternative to isolating the system completely in an area of controlled access, you can purchase a locking cable and attach it to your server. The back panel has a built-in port for a locking cable. Follow the instructions supplied with the locking cable to secure it to your server.

4 Chapter 1 / Setting Up Your Server

Security

lock ports

By itself, a locking cable cannot prevent unauthorized use of the server, but it can prevent the server (and its peripheral devices if they are also secured by locking cables) from being removed.

Installing an expansion card

If you purchased any expansion cards for your server, install them now (see “Installing an Expansion Card” in Chapter 3 for instructions). If you don’t have an expansion card, go on to the next section, “Connecting a Monitor.”

Connecting a monitor

Your server has one high-density monitor port that accepts a monitor with a screen 16 inches or smaller (measured diagonally).

Note: You can use a larger monitor by installing a monitor card. See “Installing an Expansion Card” in Chapter 3.

You can connect many types of monitors to your server, including: m Most standard monitors. See the Technical Information booklet that came

with your server for a more detailed list. To connect a standard monitor, you must use the monitor cable adapter supplied with your server.

m Apple AudioVision monitors. AudioVision monitors include built-in

speakers, a microphone, video, and an Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port (for an input device such as a keyboard).

This section contains instructions for connecting either kind of monitor. To connect a monitor from a manufacturer other than Apple, refer also to the instructions that came with the monitor.

Connecting a monitor 5

Connecting the monitor’s power cord

Monitors have two cords to connect: a power cord and a monitor cable. To connect the monitor power cord:

1 Place the monitor where you will be using it.

Keep in mind these considerations:

m Allow a few inches for air circulation around the server and monitor. m Make sure the top of the screen is slightly below eye level when you’re

sitting at the keyboard.

m Position the monitor to minimize glare and reflections on the screen from

overhead lights and windows.

m Consult “Arranging Your Office” in Appendix A for suggestions about

locating your server equipment.

2 Connect the monitor’s power cord to the monitor.

On some monitors, the cord is already attached.

3 Plug in the monitor’s power cord.

6 Chapter 1 / Setting Up Your Server

Monitor power socketMonitor power cord

Some power cords are designed to plug into the back of your server. You can also plug the power cord into a grounded electrical outlet (an adapter may be needed).

Note: If you have an Apple AudioVision monitor, plug the monitor’s power cord into the back of the server, not into an outlet.

Some monitors have to be connected to a grounded power outlet, not to the server’s power socket. Check the information that came with the monitor.

Connecting the monitor cable

After you plug in the monitor’s power cord, connect the monitor cable to the server’s monitor port.

High-density monitor port

To connect the monitor cable:

1 Attach the monitor cable to the monitor.

On some monitors, the cable is already attached.

Connecting a monitor 7

2 If you have a standard monitor, attach the monitor cable adapter to the monitor cable.

The monitor cable adapter comes with your server.

Monitor cable adapter a standard monitor cable to this adapter, then attach the adapter to the monitor port.

Monitor cable

: connect

3 Attach the monitor cable or adapter to the server’s monitor port.

The monitor port is marked with the icon ™. To connect the cable, firmly push it into the connector until you hear a click.

If you have an AudioVision monitor, see the information that came with the monitor to use its special features.

8 Chapter 1 / Setting Up Your Server

Monitor cable

Connecting the mouse and keyboard

You have a choice of several keyboards for your server. They are all connected the same way.

1 Plug the mouse cable into the port on either side of the keyboard.

Most right-handed people prefer to use the mouse with their right hand; most left-handed people prefer to use the mouse with their left hand. Plug the mouse into the port on the side you prefer.

ADB icon

The plug and the port are marked with the same icon (◊). Align the icons before you insert the plug. The positions of the port and icon on your keyboard may be different from those pictured.

Note: The ◊ port is called the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port.

2 Plug the keyboard cable (both ends are the same) into the other port on the keyboard. 3 Plug the keyboard cable into the port on the back of the server marked with the

Some monitors have a ◊ port to which you can connect the keyboard or mouse. See the information that came with your monitor.

Connecting other devices

If you want to connect other devices to your server, such as an external hard disk or a printer, follow the instructions in Chapter 3.

◊

icon.

Connecting other devices 9

Plugging in the server

To plug in the server:

1 Plug the socket end of the server’s power cord into the recessed power plug (marked

with the symbol ≤) on the back of the server.

2 Plug the other end of the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or power strip.

Choose a power outlet to which you have easy access.

WARNING

This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded. Your server is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that has a third (grounding) pin. This plug will fit only a grounded AC outlet. This is a safety feature. If you are unable to insert the plug into the outlet, contact a licensed electrician to replace the outlet with a properly grounded outlet. Do not defeat the purpose of the grounding plug!

Power cord socket

Power cord plug

IMPORTANT

Be sure at least one end of the power cord is within easy reach so

that you can unplug the server when you need to.

10 Chapter 1 / Setting Up Your Server

Turning the server on

Before turning the server on, make sure it is in its upright position; the Workgroup Server 8150 is not designed to run on its side.

To turn on the server for the first time, follow these steps.

1 Turn on the monitor.

See the information that came with your monitor for the location of the power switch. On Apple monitors, the power switch has this icon: I.

Note: You only need to turn on the monitor once if it is plugged into the server. From now on, the monitor will turn off automatically when you shut down the server, and it will turn on automatically when you start up the server. (If the monitor is not plugged into the server, it must be turned on separately each time you turn on the server.)

2 Turn on all external devices.

External devices may include hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, or tape-backup drives. The server checks only once—at startup—for the presence of external devices, so you need to turn on the devices before you turn on the server.

3 Turn on your server by pressing the Power On key.

You’ll find the Power On key at the top of the keyboard. You can recognize this key by the triangle outline.

Turning the server on 11

4 Check to see what’s on your screen, then click the OK button to dismiss the dialog box.

m If you see a system message on the desktop, as shown in the following

figure, your system software is already set up correctly.

Startup disk icon

Macintosh desktop

Why the message about your network connection? The Workgroup Server system software is preset for Ethernet networks. When you start up your server for the first time (before connecting a network cable), you’ll see a dialog box alerting you that the system temporarily switched the network connection from built-in EtherTalk (software for Ethernet) to LocalTalk. However, if you shut down the server and connect to an Ethernet network later (as described in Chapter 2), the next time you start up, the system will automatically make the correct network connection for you.

m If you see a blinking question mark, you need to install system software on

the server’s hard disk. (System software is a set of programs the computer uses to start itself up.)

See “Reinstalling System Software” in Chapter 6 of this book for information on installing system software.

12 Chapter 1 / Setting Up Your Server

m If you see anything else on your screen, or if you see nothing at all, see the

section “Problems Turning On Your Server?” later in this chapter.

IMPORTANT

If you need to turn off your server at any point, see “Turning the Server Off” later in this chapter. It is very important to use the correct procedure for shutting down your server before turning it off.

Setting the server to restart automatically after a power failure

The Auto Power On/Off control panel provides a convenient way to specify when your Workgroup Server 8150 shuts down or restarts. For quick recovery after a power outage, you can set the server to restart as soon as power is restored.

To specify automatic restart, follow these steps.

1 Open the Auto Power On/Off control panel located in the Control Panels folder.

The control panel displays your options for automatically shutting down and restarting the server at a certain time or on a regular basis.

2Click the “Automatically restart after power failure” option so that a checkmark appears

in the box.

This option sets the server to restart automatically.

The option takes effect as soon as you set it.

Turning the server on 13

Problems turning on your server?

If you don’t see anything on the screen, check these items to see if you can identify the problem:

m Is the server plugged into a power source? If it is plugged into a power strip,

is the power strip turned on?

m Is the power light on the front panel on? m Are the keyboard and mouse cables connected correctly? (Don’t disconnect

the keyboard or mouse cables while your server is on. You could damage your equipment.)

m Is the monitor power cord plugged in? m Is the monitor turned on? (Check the power light on the front of the

monitor.)

m Is the monitor’s cable attached firmly to both the monitor and server? m Are the brightness and contrast controls on the monitor adjusted correctly?

(On Apple monitors, the brightness control is marked with the symbol and the contrast control is marked with the symbol O

Setting the system time and date

It’s important that you set the current time and date for your server so that the system can correctly log system events and record file activity. You set the time and date in the Date & Time control panel. When setting the time, you can also specify whether time is displayed on a 12-hour or 24-hour clock. To get step-by-step instructions for setting the system time and date, see the “Setting Options” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Note: If you’re new to Macintosh, now is a good time to refer to Appendix B, “Getting Help.”

14 Chapter 1 / Setting Up Your Server

Turning the server off

You need to turn off the server to perform the tasks in Chapter 2, “Connecting to the Network.”

To turn off the server, choose the Shut Down command from the Special menu.

Choosing Shut Down readies the hard disk for a fast restart next time you turn on the server. It also prompts you to save any unsaved work on a disk before turning the power off.

IMPORTANT

Be sure to shut down the server if you need to do any of the following:

m move the server m connect other equipment to the server m unplug the server

Turning the server off 15

2 Connecting to the Network

The Workgroup Server 8150 contains built-in hardware and software for connecting the server to two types of networks: LocalTalk and Ethernet. You connect the server to a LocalTalk network through the printer port. The built-in Ethernet port on the Workgroup Server 8150 lets you connect the server to a high-speed Ethernet network. Connecting to either type of network requires a piece of hardware, which you must purchase separately from your server, called a transceiver or media adapter for the type of network cables that your network uses.

Note: With the appropriate communications card and software, you can also connect your server to other network types, such as a Token Ring or an FDDI network. See your Apple-authorized dealer for more information.

Connecting to an Ethernet network

The built-in Ethernet capabilities of your Workgroup Server 8150 allow you to connect to any standard Ethernet network using thin coaxial (or “coax”), 10BASE-T twisted-pair, or thick coaxial cables; ﬁber-optic media; or other standard Ethernet cables.

To connect the server to an Ethernet network, you need one of the following Ethernet media adapters for the type of cables that your network uses:

m Apple Ethernet Thin Coax Transceiver m Apple Ethernet Twisted-Pair Transceiver m Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter

See your Apple-authorized dealer for more information on Apple Ethernet media adapters for your Workgroup Server 8150.

WARNING

Do not connect cables to the back of the computer when the

power is on or you may damage your system.

You can connect an adapter and cable for an Ethernet network directly to the server without installing an expansion card. You can ﬁnd the Ethernet port on the back of your server by looking for the Ethernet icon:

Ethernet icon

Ethernet port

The following sections provide the basic instructions for connecting your server at the end of an Ethernet network. However, your server can be connected anywhere along a network; to do so, though, requires that you temporarily disconnect the network, which could disrupt existing network services. See the documentation that came with your media adapter for additional information about connecting to Ethernet networks.

18 Chapter 2 / Connecting to the Network

Connecting to thin coaxial Ethernet

Follow this procedure to connect the server to an Ethernet network that uses thin coaxial cable. The hardware connection requires an Apple (or Applecompatible) thin coaxial transceiver and a thin coaxial cable.

To connect the server to a thin coaxial network:

1 Make sure that the server is turned off. 2 Attach one end of a thin coaxial cable to one of the posts on the thin coaxial transceiver. 3 Attach the other end of the cable to the last thin coaxial transceiver on the network.

A thin coaxial network must be terminated at the endpoints to function. An Apple transceiver is self-terminating. A non-Apple transceiver may require a terminator; check the documentation that came with the transceiver.

4 Plug the connector on the transceiver into the Ethernet port on the server.

Ethernet port

Ethernet thin coaxial transceiver

Thin coaxial cable

The server is preset to use the network software connection for Ethernet. You can use network services as soon as you start up the server.

Connecting to an Ethernet network 19

Connecting to twisted-pair Ethernet

Follow this procedure to connect the server to a network that implements Ethernet over twisted-pair cable. The hardware connection requires an Apple (or Apple-compatible) twisted-pair transceiver and a twisted-pair patch cord with an RJ-45 telephone-style connector jack. You plug the transceiver into a standard wall plate that is connected to a centralized 10BASE-T hub.

To connect the server to a twisted-pair network:

1 Make sure that the server is turned off. 2 Plug one end of the twisted-pair patch cord into the transceiver and the other end into an

RJ-45 wall outlet that supports twisted-pair Ethernet.

Ethernet port

Ethernet twisted-pair transceiver

3 Plug the connector on the transceiver into the Ethernet port on the server.

Wall plate

10BASE-T hub

3-meter patch cord

Note: After you start up the server, check that the green light-emitting diode (LED) on the twisted-pair transceiver is lit. The LED will conﬁrm that the server is properly connected to the hub.

The server is preset to use the network software connection for Ethernet. You can use network services as soon as you start up the server.

20 Chapter 2 / Connecting to the Network

Connecting to other types of Ethernet

The Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter is a universal adapter that lets you connect the server to less-common types of industry-standard Ethernet media, such as thick coaxial or ﬁber-optic cable. If you are using the Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter, you also need an Ethernet transceiver for your speciﬁc media type, and the transceiver must have a standard AUI (Attachment Unit Interface) port on it.

To connect the server to an Ethernet transceiver for other types of Ethernet media:

1 Make sure that the server is turned off. 2 Connect the Ethernet transceiver to the network following the instructions in the

documentation that came with the transceiver.

3 Plug the transceiver cable from the Ethernet transceiver into the standard AUI port on

the Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter.

Electrical outlet

Ethernet port

Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter

Ethernet transceiver for other media

4 Plug the adapter’s power cord into a power outlet. 5 Plug the connector on the Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter into the Ethernet port on the server.

The server is preset to use the network software connection for Ethernet. You can use network services as soon as you start up the server.

Connecting to an Ethernet network 21

Connecting to a LocalTalk network

The Apple LocalTalk Locking Connector Kit DIN-8, available from your Apple-authorized dealer, lets you connect the server to an existing LocalTalk network by means of the printer port.

Printer port icon

Printer port

To connect the server to a LocalTalk network:

1Make sure that the server is turned off.

2 Attach the LocalTalk adapter to the printer port. 3 Plug one end of a LocalTalk cable into the LocalTalk adapter. 4 Plug the other end of the cable into the last LocalTalk adapter on the network.

Now that you have made the server’s physical connection to LocalTalk, you can start up the server.

22 Chapter 2 / Connecting to the Network

Printer port

LocalTalk adapter

LocalTalk cable

IMPORTANT

connected to Ethernet), each time you start up the server you’ll see a dialog box that indicates an error condition. This dialog box informs you that the system has made a temporary switch from EtherTalk (its preset network software connection) to LocalTalk. You will see this message until you change the default setting in the Network control panel. After you turn the server on (as described in Chapter 1), be sure to continue with the next section in this chapter to learn how to switch the setting in the Network control panel.

After connecting to a LocalTalk network (if you have not also

If you need to switch the network connection

Your Workgroup Server 8150 includes AppleTalk networking software, which can run on both Ethernet and LocalTalk networks. (You can also add software for other networks.) The built-in AppleTalk software for Ethernet networks is called EtherTalk. Depending on the type of network to which you connect your server, you may need to change the network connection setting for your server system.

The Workgroup Server is preset to use the EtherTalk network connection. If the server is not physically connected to an Ethernet network when you start up, the system software reports an error condition and temporarily switches to LocalTalk. If you will not be using an Ethernet network, you need to switch the connection in the Network control panel to the appropriate network.

Note: The server can be physically connected to more than one network, but you can use only one network connection at a time.

If you need to switch the network connection 23

If you need to switch the server’s network connection, follow these steps:

1 Turn on the server. 2 Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

3 Click the icon of the new network connection that you want to use.

) menu and open the Network control panel.

An alert box appears, warning you that you may be disconnected from any network services (such as network printers) that may be available with your current network connection. (Your network connection types may be different from those shown in the following example.)

4 Click OK. 5 Close the Network control panel.

You can now use the network connection you selected.

24 Chapter 2 / Connecting to the Network

3 Expanding Your Server

and Connec ting O ther Equipment

You can expand the capabilities of your server by installing items internally and by connecting external devices. The following ﬁgure shows you the location of the Workgroup Server 8150’s internal components. An external view of the server, depicting the ports to which you connect other devices, is shown in the section “Your Server at a Glance” in Chapter 1.

Dynamic RAM SIMM connectors

CD-ROM drive

Floppy disk drive

(Optional) DAT drive or second hard disk drive

ROM and cache SIMMs Hard disk drive

Three NuBus slots

Processor-direct slot (PDS) termination card

WARNING

either the termination card that came with your server or a functional card such as a video card. Be sure to keep the termination card if you replace it—you’ll need to reinstall the termination card should you later remove the replacement card.

Installin g an expans ion car d

You can install printed circuit boards (called cards) for video and graphics applications, networking and communications, additional processing power, or other purposes. The cards ﬁt into connectors, called expansion slots, inside the server.

Your server has three expansion slots designed to accept NuBus™ cards and one slot that will accept a processor-direct slot (PDS) card. All four slots can be used simultaneously.

Power requirem ents

The combined power consumption of expansion cards must not exceed the limits speciﬁed for your Workgroup Server 8150. If you have more than one expansion card installed, check the information that came with your cards to make sure that their power consumption is within the limits speciﬁed in your server’s Technical Information booklet.

The processor-direct slot (PDS) must always be occupied by

Installing the card

IMPORTANT

service provider. Check the information that came with the card.

Follow these steps to install an expansion card.

1 Shut down the server, disconnect any attached cables (including the power cord) and

press the power switch to discharge static electricity.

2 Loosen the four large screws at the corners of the back panel.

Do not remove the screws or the back panel.

26 Chapter 3 / Expanding Your Server and Connecting Other Equipment

Some cards may need to be installed by an Apple-authorized

3 Remove the cover from the server.

Slide the cover away from the back panel an inch or two. Then raise the cover straight up and off the server.

Installing an expansion card 27

4 If you are installing a full-sized card, remove the expansion card clip.

Grasp the clip handles with your thumb and foreﬁnger and squeeze. Pull the clip straight out.

5 If your expansion card has an external connector, pull out the plastic cover plate behind

the expansion slot you want to use, and set the cover plate aside.

28 Chapter 3 / Expanding Your Server and Connecting Other Equipment

6 Touch the metal part of the power supply case inside the server to discharge

static electricity.

Always do this before you touch any parts or install components inside the ser v er.

Power supply

7 If you are installing a PDS card, remove the termination card from the PDS slot.

Remember that the processor-direct slot must always be occupied by either the PDS termination card or a functional PDS expansion card. Be sure to keep the termination card in a safe place so that you can replace it if you remove the PDS expansion card.

Installing an expansion card 29

8 Remove the card from its static-proof bag.

Hold the card by its edges to avoid touching the connector on the bottom of the card.

Connector

9 Align the connector end of the card with the expansion slot.

Connector

Expansion slot

30 Chapter 3 / Expanding Your Server and Connecting Other Equipment

10 Press the card ﬁrmly until the connector is seated.

m Don’t force the card. If you meet a lot of resistance, pull it out and

try again.

m To see if the card is properly connected, wiggle it gently. If it resists and

stays in place, it’s connected.

If you have other cards to install, put them in now by repeating steps 5 through 9.

11 If you removed the expansion card clip (as described in step 4), replace it.

Put the bottom of the clip in place ﬁrst. Make sure the edge of the expansion card ﬁts into one of the slots on the clip.

Installing an expansion card 31

12 Replace the cover on the server.

Lower the cover all the way down onto the case. Push the cover toward the back until it touches the back panel.

13 Tighten the screws on the back panel.

WARNING

14 Plug the server’s power cord back into a power outlet.

Always replace the cover before turning the computer on.

32 Chapter 3 / Expanding Your Server and Connecting Other Equipment

Expanding memory

Additional random-access memory (RAM) can be installed in your server. The Technical Information booklet that came with your server describes how much additional memory can be installed in the server.

Memory for your server is provided in packages called RAM SIMMs. The SIMMs must be the correct type for your computer. They should be installed in pairs of the same size into paired slots in your computer. It is very important that the RAM SIMMs be correctly installed in your Workgroup Server 8150. Incorrect installation can result in errors, unpredictable results, and damage to your equipment and data.

WARNING

an Apple-certiﬁed technician install additional RAM. If you attempt to install additional RAM yourself, any damage you may cause to your equipment will not be covered by the limited warranty on your server.

To avoid damage to your server, Apple recommends that only

Installing other internal devices

Your Workgroup Server 8150 holds up to four internal storage devices, including a ﬂoppy disk drive, a CD-ROM drive, a hard disk drive, and either a second hard disk drive or a digital audio tape (DAT) drive. See your Apple-authorized dealer for information about adding internal equipment to your server.

Connecting hard disks and other SCSI devices

Your server has a port for connecting devices that use the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI, pronounced “skuh-zee”). The SCSI port permits highspeed communication between the server and the device. The SCSI icon appears above the port on the server’s back panel.

SCSI icon

SCSI port

Connecting hard disks and other SCSI devices 33

IMPORTANT

Before connecting a device to your server, be sure that the server (and any other device already connected to it) is turned off. Read the instructions in this section and the instructions that came with your hard disk or other SCSI device before connecting it to your server.

SCSI devices commonly attached to the Workgroup Server 8150 include hard disks, CD-ROM drives, scanners, printers, and tape-backup drives. The server has two SCSI buses to which you can attach a total of nine devices. The internal startup disk is connected to the internal SCSI bus; the built-in CD-ROM drive and the (optional) built-in DAT drive are connected to the external SCSI bus.

Setting up a SCSI device to use with your server involves

m setting the device’s SCSI ID number m physically connecting the device to your server m installing any necessary device drivers (and restarting your system)

Setting the SCSI ID number

If you have a SCSI device not sold by Apple, see the instructions that came with that device for information on setting its SCSI ID number.

WARNING

Each SCSI device connected to your server must have its own, unique SCSI ID number. Using two or more devices with the same ID number (on the same SCSI bus) can cause your equipment to malfunction. For details on available SCSI numbers you can choose, see “SCSI Bus Speciﬁcations” in the Technical Information booklet.

If you have an Apple SCSI device, set the SCSI ID number as follows:

1 Make sure your server is shut down and the SCSI device is turned off.

34 Chapter 3 / Expanding Your Server and Connecting Other Equipment

2 Choose a number between 0 and 6 that doesn’t duplicate the ID of any other SCSI device

connected to your server on the same SCSI bus.

Your server has two SCSI buses. One is the internal bus and the other is the external bus. On the internal bus, you can use SCSI ID numbers 1 through 6. (SCSI ID 0 is reserved for the internal hard disk.) On the external bus, you can use SCSI ID numbers 1, 4, 5, 6. (The DAT drive and the CD-ROM drive reserve SCSI IDs 2 and 3, respectively, on the external bus, even though they are inside the server.)

See “SCSI Bus Speciﬁcations” in the Technical Information booklet for more details on SCSI ID numbers.

3 Locate the ID number switch on the back of your SCSI device.

SCSI ID switch

4 Push the ID switch repeatedly until the number you want appears.

On some SCSI devices, the ID number switch is inside a small hole. Insert a straightened paper clip to push the switch.

Connecting a SCSI device

To connect a SCSI device to your server:

1 Make sure that the server and SCSI device are turned off.

WARNING

your server is turned on. Doing so could damage the device, your server, or both.

Do not connect or disconnect any device while the device or

Connecting hard disks and other SCSI devices 35

2 Check that the device has its own, unique ID number between 0 and 6.

See the previous section, “Setting the SCSI ID Number,” for details.

3 Use a SCSI cable to connect the device either to the server’s SCSI port or to the last

SCSI device already in the chain.

If the device is the ﬁrst or only one you’re connecting, use a SCSI system cable to connect it to the server’s SCSI port.

If the device is not the ﬁrst one, use a SCSI peripheral interface cable to connect it to the last device in the chain.

IMPORTANT

To get the best results with SCSI devices, be sure to use highquality SCSI cables and check that the total length of the cables in a SCSI chain does not exceed 6 meters (20 feet). Use SCSI cables manufactured by Apple Computer or those of similar quality.

4 Make sure that only the last device in the SCSI chain has a terminator.

To ensure accurate transmission of information, a terminator must be at each end of a SCSI chain. Your internal hard disk, which is the ﬁrst device in the chain, has a built-in terminator.

Some external SCSI devices from manufacturers other than Apple have a builtin terminator. (Check the information that came with the device.) If the device at the end of the SCSI chain does not have a built-in terminator, you need to attach an external terminator.

36 Chapter 3 / Expanding Your Server and Connecting Other Equipment

External SCSI terminator

Have your Apple-authorized service provider remove any extra built-in terminators. You can attach or remove external terminators yourself.

Note: If only one external device has a built-in terminator, rearrange the SCSI chain so that device is at the end.

IMPORTANT

Always turn on any external SCSI devices connected to your server before turning on the server itself. Otherwise, your server cannot recognize the SCSI devices.

Installing a device driver

A device driver is software that lets the server communicate with a particular SCSI device.

Note: If you have set up your server and connected additional devices, but not yet turned the server on, return to the section “Plugging In the Server” in Chapter 1 before installing a device driver.

To install a driver:

Start up your server, if it’s not already turned on, and drag the driver icon to the System Folder icon on your startup disk.

Any drivers needed for a SCSI device are usually on a ﬂoppy disk that comes with the device. (If no drivers come with the device, then it doesn’t need any.) You may have to restart your server to activate the driver.

Connecting hard disks and other SCSI devices 37

Do you need to initialize a hard disk?

You need to initialize a hard disk only in the following cases:

m You’re using specialized disk array management software, such as RAID

(redundant array of independent disks). See the documentation that

accompanied the disk array management software for instructions.

m The disk is new and uninitialized. Your internal hard disk and most external

hard disks are initialized at the factory and do not have to be initialized again. If you are adding a new non-Apple hard disk to your server, check your owner’s manual to see if it needs to be initialized.

m You’ve experienced repeated errors using this disk. If problems persist after

you reinitialize the disk, the disk is in need of servicing.

m The disk has been formatted for use with a non-Apple operating system.

You use the Apple HD SC Setup program to initialize and name a hard disk. Apple HD SC Setup is provided as part of your system software and can be found in the Utilities folder on the server’s hard disk as well as on the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc.

See the instructions for preparing a disk for use in the “Disks” topic in Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

38 Chapter 3 / Expanding Your Server and Connecting Other Equipment

Connecting a printer

Your server has a printer port, which you use to connect a printer to your server.

The printer port accepts either a direct cable connection (to printers such as the StyleWriter II) or a network cable connection (to printers such as a LaserWriter Pro or LaserWriter Select).

Follow the instructions that came with your printer when connecting it to your server.

A printer can also be connected to the modem port (GeoPort). You use the Chooser program to indicate the port you used to connect your printer. (See the “Printing and Fonts” topic in Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu, for more information on using the Chooser and printing.)

Printer port icon

Printer port

Connecting an additional mo nito r

You can use an additional monitor with your server if you install a video expansion card. See “Installing an Expansion Card” earlier in this chapter for instructions.

When you connect an additional monitor: m Make sure that the ventilation openings on the server and the monitors are

clear and unobstructed.

m If there is interference on your screens or on a television or radio near your

server, reposition or separate the affected equipment.

Connecting an additional monitor 39

Connecting a trackball or other input device

Your server has an Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port, which you use to connect the mouse, the keyboard, and other input devices such as a trackball, a barcode reader, or a graphics tablet.

ADB port icon

ADB port

You can usually connect up to three ADB devices in a chain to a single port. The exact number depends on how much power the devices require.

IMPORTANT

must not exceed 500 milliamperes (mA). Information about the power requirements of the mouse and keyboard are in the Technical Information booklet that came with your server. Check the information that came with your other ADB device for power requirements.

Connecting a microphone

Your server has a sound input port, which you can use to connect a microphone. With appropriate software, you can use the microphone to give spoken commands to your server and to record your voice or other sounds.

The Apple PlainTalk Microphone and the software needed for using spoken commands are available from Apple-authorized dealers. If you want to use another microphone, make sure it is compatible with your Workgroup Server 8150.

The total power used by all ADB devices connected to your server

40 Chapter 3 / Expanding Your Server and Connecting Other Equipment

Note: The Apple AudioVision 14 Display has the Apple PlainTalk Microphone built in.

To connect the microphone:

Plug the microphone’s connector into the sound input port (marked with the symbol on the back of the server.

See “Connecting an Audio Device” in Appendix D of this book for more information about the sound input port.

Connecting a GeoPort Telecom Adapter or modem

Your server has a port, called the GeoPort, which is a serial port designed for use with devices such as the GeoPort Telecom Adapter. These devices, when used with appropriate telecommunications software, take advantage of the server’s built-in modem capabilities. The GeoPort Telecom Adapter comes with communications and fax software and can be purchased from Appleauthorized dealers.

Modem and GeoPort icon

)

GeoPort

You can connect a standard modem to the GeoPort, using a standard modem cable.

To connect an adapter or modem to your server, follow the instructions that came with your adapter or modem.

You can also connect a printer to the GeoPort.

Connecting a GeoPort Telecom Adapter or modem 41

4 Using S oftware With Your Server

This chapter provides important information you need to know about using your Workgroup Server 8150 with application programs. For instance, although your server is compatible with most programs intended for use with Macintosh computers, certain programs are designed especially for Power Macintosh computers. These kinds of programs take best advantage of your server’s speed. In addition, the order in which certain programs start up affects a server’s performance. Be sure to read the information in this chapter before setting up your server’s application programs.

Using Power Ma cintosh p rograms

Programs designed for Power Macintosh computers will provide improved performance for your server. However, to get the full benefit of this software, you need to know about two key issues—virtual memory and shared libraries.

Vir tual m emory

Virtual memory is a feature of Macintosh computers that lets you use space on a hard disk as additional memory. This feature helps you run large applications when the server does not contain enough random-access memory (RAM). However, virtual memory will adversely affect the performance of your server application programs. Do not turn on virtual memory with your Workgroup

Server 8150.

Shared libraries

Power Macintosh programs use special files called shared libraries. These files help Power Macintosh programs to run more efficiently, and can be used by more than one Power Macintosh program simultaneously. Any necessary shared libraries are installed automatically in the System Folder when you install Power Macintosh programs.

Shared libraries are represented by icons like this.

If a Power Macintosh program requires a shared library and there is not enough memory available for the shared library, you’ll see a message that the program could not be opened because there is not enough system memory available for the shared library. If this happens, quit programs not in use or install more memory in your server (see “Expanding Memory” in Chapter 3 for more information).

If a required shared library is missing, you’ll see a message that the program could not be opened because the shared library could not be found. If this happens, follow the directions that came with your program to reinstall the program. If the shared library is still missing, contact the software program’s manufacturer for assistance.

44 Chapter 4 / Using Software With Your Server

Using older Macintosh programs

If you experience problems using an older Macintosh program, it may be incompatible with your Power Macintosh. You may be able to use your older program if you change the Memory Manager setting in your Memory control panel. Follow these steps:

1 Choose Control Panels from the Apple ( 2 Turn off Modern Memory Manager.

) menu and open the Memory control panel.

Click here to turn off Modern Memory Manager.

When you are ﬁnished using the program, open the Memory control panel again and turn Modern Memory Manager back on.

For best performance, contact the program’s manufacturer for an upgrade.

Using older Macintosh programs 45

Using se rver app lication programs

Speciﬁc server application programs or services, such as AppleShare, AppleSearch, Apple Remote Access, or Apple RAID Software, may have been included with your server. Review the documentation that came with the software before you install these services; you may be required to perform special procedures that can affect your server system before you use a particular service. For instance, Apple RAID Software requires you to reinitialize the hard disks you want to use for storing server data.

IMPORTANT

personal computer to run personal application programs. Running such programs, however, may degrade the performance of your server application programs or network services.

You can also use your Workgroup Server 8150 as a desktop

Setting the system time and date

As noted in Chapter 1, some server application programs require that your system clock be set correctly. If you need step-by-step instructions for setting the system time and date, see the “Setting Options” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Order of installing and starting programs

Though your server may have come with server application programs or network services, you may want to install additional software. Note that the order in which server application programs are installed and started is important. Be sure to review the documentation, especially product Read Me ﬁles, for all the server application programs you plan to use before installing and running them. Also, refer to the Workgroup Server Read Me ﬁle on your server system’s hard disk for the most up-to-date news about installing server application programs.

46 Chapter 4 / Using Software With Your Server

Setting up your server to restart programs automatically

You can set the Workgroup Server 8150 to start server application programs (including network services) automatically whenever you start the server or whenever the server automatically restarts after a temporary power outage.

To set up your server to restart server application programs automatically:

1 Create an alias for each server application program that should start automatically.

You create an alias by selecting the icon of the program on the desktop and choosing Make Alias from the File menu.

2 Drag the aliases to the Startup Items folder, located in the System Folder of your

startup disk.

Macintosh computers and servers automatically open documents and programs (or their aliases) located in the Startup Items folder whenever the computer or server starts up.

Note: The server opens documents and programs located in the Startup Items folder in alphabetical or numerical order. Because the order that you start server application programs may be important (as described in your server application program documentation), you may want to rename your aliases so that your server application programs start in the desired order. One method that allows you to do this is to insert numbers at the beginning of the ﬁlenames. The following ﬁgure shows a sample setup.

Add numbers to the program aliases to set the order of startup.

Using server application programs 47

Additio nal capab ili t ies for your server system

You have the option to install two programs included with your server that provide new capabilities for your system software:

m PowerTalk, which provides built-in mail and collaboration services m QuickDraw GX, which gives your computer more powerful

printing capabilities

If you use your server as a personal computer and other users on your network have installed PowerTalk, you will ﬁnd PowerTalk’s features useful. When you install PowerTalk, you also install its on-screen help, available in the Guide (h) menu.

IMPORTANT

want to also use QuickDraw GX, be sure to see the AppleShare Read Me ﬁle.

You’ll ﬁnd Installers for these optional programs in the System Software Installers folder on the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc.

IMPORTANT

perform repeatedly on your server, is already installed in your system. To review the available automated tasks, look in the Apple (K) menu. T o learn how to create new scripts for your server, see the “Using AppleScript” documents in the AppleScript folder in the Apple Extras folder on your hard disk.

Backing up your file s

Making backup copies of important server ﬁles is good protection against possible damage to the originals. If a backup program was included with your server, be sure to use it (or another backup program if you prefer) to set up and schedule a regular, automatic backup of your ﬁles. You can also back up your ﬁles manually, by making copies on another hard disk or even on ﬂoppy disks, but such methods are less convenient.

If you use the AppleShare Print Server with your server and you

AppleScript, which allows you to automate many actions you

48 Chapter 4 / Using Software With Your Server

5 Using a DAT Drive and Tape Cassettes

You need to read this chapter only if your server includes an internal tapebackup unit.

The internal DDS-2 DAT drive and accompanying software can perform full or partial backup and restore procedures for all of the data on your hard disks. In addition, the drive automatically performs error correction and data compression of the ﬁles that you back up and restore. The error-correction feature helps ensure a high level of data integrity. The data-compression feature allows more data to ﬁt on a cassette than do conventional backup mechanisms.

Use Retrospect Remote (or some other backup utility) to back up and restore data. For more information, see the utility’s documentation.

Compatible tapes

Your internal DAT (digital audio tape) drive is compatible with MRS-quality DDS (digital data storage) tape cassettes. MRS (Media Recognition System) cassettes are the highest-quality digital data tape available. Your internal tape drive requires this level of quality to perform backup operations successfully. See your Apple-authorized service provider for more MRS-quality DDS tape cassettes or their compatible substitutes. Compatible cassettes are typically stamped “Digital Data Storage” and longer-length cassettes (120 meters) need the “DDS2” designation. If you use cassettes not approved by your Appleauthorized service provider, you void the warranty on your tape drive.

IMPORTANT

digital audio tape (DAT) cassettes. However, DAT (audio) cassettes have a different mechanical speciﬁcation from DDS cassettes. For backing up your server ﬁles, be sure to use only those DAT cassettes designed for MRS.

Some vendors of computer products may refer to DDS cassettes as

Tapes supplied with the server

Two cassettes are supplied with your Workgroup Server 8150. The ﬁrst is a blank DDS cassette for backup and restore operations. (The blank tape included with your system has a maximum storage capacity of 10–14 gigabytes of compressed data.) The second is a cleaning cassette; its operation is discussed later in this chapter.

Starting up the tape drive

The tape drive receives power and performs a self-test when you start up your server. During the test, both status lights next to the tape drive opening are solid green; then the light on the left ﬂashes green and the light on the right turns off. If no tape is loaded in the tape drive, both status lights turn off. If a tape is loaded in the tape drive, the light on the left becomes solid green.

50 Chapter 5 / Using a DAT Drive and Tape Cassettes

There are two conditions that indicate the self-test has failed. If the light on the right ﬂashes amber, you may need to clean the tape-drive head, as described in the section “Cleaning the Tape-Drive Heads” later in this chapter. Or, if a tape is loaded in the tape drive, a ﬂashing amber light may indicate that the tape is worn and needs to be replaced. If the light on the right becomes solid amber, the tape drive did not successfully complete its self-test and should not be used; consult an Apple-authorized service provider.

The status lights are discussed in greater detail later in this chapter.

Inse rting tape cassettes

To use a cassette:

Insert it into the tape slot in the front panel of the server, as shown in this ﬁgure:

As you insert the cassette, the drive pulls it into place and performs a loading sequence, which includes threading and rewinding the tape and checking for error conditions. The loading procedure takes about 30 seconds.

Inserting tape cassettes 51

Status lights

Located next to the tape drive opening are two lights that inform you of the status of tape operations. The light on the left is the tape light, and the light on the right is the clean light. A solid green tape light indicates normal operation and a solid amber clean light indicates a warning condition. A ﬂashing green tape light indicates activity between the tape drive and the SCSI bus. A ﬂashing amber clean light indicates the tape in the drive is worn or the tapedrive head needs to be cleaned.

The following table lists all the possible meanings of the status lights.

Tape light Clean light (left side) (right side) Meaning

Normal operation

Flash green* Off Cassette loading or unloading, or

self-test in progress Fast ﬂash green Green Off Cassette loading/drive online

Error states

Any Flash amber* Media wear (caution), or clean required Any Amber Error condition

†

Off Cassette loaded/read or write activity

*Flash means the light ﬂashes 1/2 second on, 1/2 second off.

†

Fast ﬂash means the light ﬂashes 1/4 second on, 1/4 second off.

The caution signal

If your tape drive detects problems, it displays a caution signal: the clean light ﬂashes amber. You can clear the caution signal by ejecting the cassette.

The caution signal may be caused by dirty tape-drive heads. If this signal appears, clean the heads and insert the tape again. (Head-cleaning instructions are given in “Cleaning the Tape-Drive Heads,” later in this chapter.) The caution signal may also indicate a worn-out tape. If the tape is old or worn, you should copy its data to a new tape and discard it. If you’re trying to restore data from a worn tape and the caution signal appears, clean the tape-drive heads, then try the restore operation again.

52 Chapter 5 / Using a DAT Drive and Tape Cassettes

Removing tape cassettes

You can remove a tape cassette at any time by pressing the eject button located under the tape slot on the right side. You should not press the eject button while the tape is in use.

Check the Retrospect Remote (or other backup utility’s) documentation to learn about additional methods for ejecting cassettes while using the backup software.

Forcing the ejection of a tape cassette

If you need to force the ejection of a tape cassette:

Hold the eject button down for at least 5 seconds (perform this step started up).

The drive waits 35 seconds for the normal eject procedure to occur, and, if it does not occur, unthreads the tape and ejects the cartridge.

after

the server has

WARNING

or cause the tape to be invalidly formatted.

Locking a cassette

You can lock a DDS cassette by sliding the tab on the back of the cassette so that the hole is visible. Once a tape cassette is locked, data can be read from the cassette but not written to it.

Avoiding high humidi ty

Whenever your tape drive detects water condensation, both status lights glow solid amber. This warning signal cancels any commands in progress. Furthermore, any commands that access the tape are rejected. The tape drive then unthreads the tape to prevent tape and tape-head damage.

If you force an eject while the drive is busy, you may lose data

Avoiding high humidity 53

To minimize the chance of condensation, adhere to the environmental requirements described in the Technical Information booklet and follow these general cassette guidelines:

m Use tape cassettes at temperatures between 5˚ C (40˚F) and 40˚ C (104˚ F). m If you expose the tape cassettes to temperatures outside the operating limits,

you can stabilize them by leaving them in the proper operating temperature for a minimum of two hours.

Follow these guidelines to avoid temperature problems: m Avoid exposing cassettes to severe temperature conditions. For example,

don’t store a cassette in a car in bright sunlight.

m Avoid transferring data to or from a tape cassette when the temperature is

changing by more than 10˚ F per hour (roughly 5˚ C per hour).

Cleaning t he tape-drive heads

The most common reason for the display of a caution signal on the front panel is that the tape-drive heads are dirty. Although your tape drive has a built-in roller for cleaning the heads during normal operation, you still need to perform a separate cleaning step as part of preventive maintenance.

Your system comes with a cleaning cassette that you should use to clean the tape-drive heads after every 25 hours of running time.

Use only a DDS cleaning cassette. When you insert the cleaning cassette into the drive, the dri v e automatically loads it and c leans the heads. W hen the cleaning process is completed, the drive automatically ejects the cassette. Keep a record of how many times you use the cleaning cassette. After 25 uses, replace it.

The interval at which you clean the tape drive depends on how often you use it. In general, if you back up daily, you should clean the drive weekly. If you back up weekly, you should clean the tape drive once a month.

For more information about using the cleaning cassette, refer to the instructions that came with it. For additional cleaning cassettes, see your Apple-authorized service provider.

54 Chapter 5 / Using a DAT Drive and Tape Cassettes

6 Troubleshooting

Whe n you run into trouble

While you’re using your server, it’s possible that you may experience a problem such as the pointer “freezing” on the screen, or you may see an error message or even a bomb icon. If you have trouble with your server, take a moment to review the solutions to common problems listed in this chapter.

Note: If you have a question or encounter a problem while your system is still running, you can also check the “Troubleshooting” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. For more information on the kinds of on- screen help available, see Appendix B, “Getting Help,” in this guide.

Take y our time

When you see an error message, you don’t have to take action immediately. The message stays on the screen until you click the OK button or turn off the server.

To help diagnose and correct the problem, gather as much information about the situation as you can before starting over:

m Make a note of exactly what you were doing when the problem occurred.

Write down the message on the screen and its ID number (if any). Also list the programs you were using and the names of any items you know have been added to the System Folder since the system software was installed. This information will help a service person diagnose the problem. (It is helpful to keep a printed copy of the items in your System Folder. See instructions for printing a list of ﬁles in a window in the “Printing and Fonts” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide menu.)

m Check the screen for any clues. Is a menu selected? What programs and

document icons are open? Note anything else that seems relevant.

m If you were typing text and were not able to save it before the problem

occurred, you can write down the parts of the text still visible on the screen so that some of your work will be easy to replace.

m Ask other Macintosh users about the problem you’re having; they may have

a solution for it.

m Find out what actions users were performing on the server (such as copying

large ﬁles, launching programs on the server, or installing programs over the network).

If you need repair service, consult the service and support information that came with your server for instructions on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for assistance.

Start over

Often you can eliminate a problem simply by clearing the server’s memory and starting over.

If you can, save any open documents before restarting the server. If your system is “frozen” and does not respond to any input, or if you have a “bomb” message on the screen, saving may not be possible. You can try pressing x-Option-Esc to quit the program in use when the problem occurred; if this works, you can then save the documents open in other programs before restarting.

To restart your server, try the following steps:

1 If you can, choose Restart from the Special menu or from the dialog box that’s on screen. 2 If you can’t choose Restart, hold down the

On key.

This key combination restarts the server. (Use this key combination only if choosing Restart from the Special menu does not work.)

3 If nothing happens, look for the reset and interrupt switches on the front of your server

and press the reset switch (the one marked with a triangle).

Pressing the reset switch is like turning the power switch off and then on again. You will lose any work you haven’t saved. (The interrupt switch is intended for use by programmers who have debugging software installed.)

56 Chapter 6 / Troubleshooting

and Control keys while you press the Power

4 If pressing the reset switch does nothing, turn off your server using the power switch,

wait at least 10 seconds, then turn it on again.

5 If the power switch doesn’t turn off the server, unplug your server.

If you suspect that the problem is with a peripheral device, such as a printer or external hard disk, turn it off for 10 seconds or more, then turn it on again and restart the server.

Solutions to commo n problems

This section describes the key symptom for a number of common problems followed by the steps you can take to solve each problem.

IMPORTANT

Be sure to review the information in the Workgroup Server Read Me ﬁle located on your server’s hard disk and on the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc. This ﬁle contains late-breaking information and tips.

You cannot turn on the server.

See “Problems Turning On Your Server?” in Chapter 1.

The server is turned on but the screen is dark.

The server or the monitor is not getting power, a program has darkened the screen, or the monitor controls are not adjusted properly.

m If you use a screen-saver program, press a key or move the mouse to turn

off the screen saver.

m Check the monitor’s brightness and contrast controls and turn them up

if necessary.

m Check that the monitor is turned on. m Check that the power cord and monitor cable are plugged in and ﬁrmly

connected to the server and that the electrical outlet has power. The power light on the server’s front panel should be on.

m If you have more than one monitor, and only one is dark, check that it is set

up correctly in the Monitors control panel.

Solutions to common problems 57

A disk icon with a blinking question mark appeared when you started your server.

The blinking question mark indicates that your server cannot ﬁnd system software. You may need to repair a damaged disk, or reinstall system software.

m Your server may be having a problem recognizing a SCSI device. Turn off

external SCSI devices and restart. If the server starts up after you turn off your SCSI devices, read the section

on SCSI devices in Chapter 3 of this manual for information on connecting SCSI devices and assigning SCSI ID numbers.

m The system software is not installed on the startup hard disk, the system

software is damaged, or the hard disk is not working properly. Start up your server with the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc (see “Starting Up From the CD-ROM Drive” later in this chapter). Then refer to “Repairing a Damaged Disk” at the end of this chapter.

If repairing the disk doesn’t help, follow the instructions in “Reinstalling System Software” (later in this chapter).

A disk icon with an X appeared and the ﬂoppy disk was ejected.

Your server ejected a ﬂoppy disk that is not a startup disk.

m Wait a few seconds. The server should start up from its internal hard disk.

Make sure you insert ﬂoppy disks only after the server has begun starting up.

58 Chapter 6 / Troubleshooting

A “sad Macintosh” icon appeared and the server won’t start up.

Your server cannot start up because of a problem with the system software or the server hardware.

m Eject an y ﬂoppy disks (or CD-ROM discs) by turning off the server and then

holding down the mouse button while you turn the serv er on again. Try starting up with a different startup disk (such as the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc). If the “sad Macintosh” icon appears again, consult the service and support information that came with your server for instructions on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for assistance.

You see an error message at startup telling you that the system will use the LocalTalk port.

If you will not be using an Ethernet network, you need to change the setting in the Network control panel from EtherTalk to the appropriate network. See “If You Need to Switch the Network Connection” in Chapter 2.

The server’s clock keeps time inaccurately.

m Your server has a clock that runs continuously. When the computer is turned

off, a battery keeps the clock running. If your clock begins to keep time inaccurately , have your Apple-authorized service provider replace the battery.

Solutions to common problems 59

The server starts up from the wrong hard disk, or the hard disk icon does not appear on the desktop.

m The startup disk may be slow to start up. Restart the server.

During startup, your server’s operating system ﬁnds and mounts attached SCSI devices that are up and running within 20 seconds. Some very large hard disk drives (such as 2-gigabyte drives) may take longer than 20 seconds to come up to speed and therefore may not be recognized by the operating system when the server is ﬁrst turned on. Restarting the server enables your system to ﬁnd these devices because they will be able to reach

full operating speed during the second startup cycle. If you still have a problem, try the following: m If the hard disk is external, make sure it is turned on and its cable is

connected ﬁrmly and properly terminated; then restart the server. m Check the ID numbers of all SCSI equipment connected to your server. See

the information on SCSI devices in Chapter 3 of this book.

m If the hard disk is your startup disk, start up your server with the Workgroup

Server Software CD-ROM disc (see “Starting Up From the CD-ROM

Drive” later in this chapter). Then see “Repairing a Damaged Disk” (later in

this chapter). If repairing the disk doesn’t help, follow the instructions in

“Reinstalling System Software” (also later in this chapter).

IMPORTANT

volumes, you won’t see an icon for it on the desktop until you create at least one RAID volume on that disk.

Icons do not appear correctly on your screen.

You need to “rebuild the desktop”—a process that helps your server keep track of ﬁles and folders on your hard disks.

m Hold down the Option and x (Command) keys while starting up your

server. Keep holding down the keys until you see a message asking whether

you want to rebuild the desktop. Click OK.

60 Chapter 6 / Troubleshooting

If the hard disk in question has been initialized for use with RAID

Your server can’t read a ﬂoppy disk.

If you see a message that a ﬂoppy disk is unreadable, try one of the following:

m Insert the disk again—sometimes that’s all it takes. m If the disk has never been used, you may simply need to initialize it. See the

instructions for preparing a disk listed in the “Files” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide menu.

m Insert the disk in another computer’s disk drive. If that computer can use the

disk, make a copy of the data and put the copy on a different ﬂoppy disk.

m You may need to repair the disk because it is damaged. For information

on testing and repairing disks, see “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this chapter.

If you are trying to use a DOS disk: m The disk may have been formatted incorrectly on a DOS computer. On DOS

computers it’s possible to format a standard double-sided disk in a highdensity (1440K) format, and vice versa. Disks formatted this way cannot be read by a Macintosh computer.

When formatting disks on a DOS computer, always format standard doublesided disks in the 720K format. Always format high-density disks in the 1440K format.

If a disk has been formatted incorrectly, use a DOS computer to copy its contents onto another disk that has been properly formatted.

The pointer doesn’t move when you move the mouse.

The mouse is not connected properly, its signals are not reaching the server, or there is a software error.

m Turn off the server using the power switch, check that the mouse cable is

connected properly, then restart the server.

m Clean the mouse (see Appendix A, “Safety, Maintenance, and Health

Information”).

m If you have another mouse or pointing device, try connecting and using it.

(Turn off the server ﬁrst.) If it works, there is probably something wrong with your mouse.

Solutions to common problems 61

m Restart the server with a different startup disk (such as the Workgroup

Server Software CD-ROM disc). If the mouse works, reinstall system

software on your startup disk. m If the problem recurs, it may be due to an incompatible program. Make sure

that all programs, desk accessories, and system extensions you’re using are

compatible with the system software. If none of these procedures solves the problem, consult the service and support

information that came with your server for instructions on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for assistance.

Typing on the keyboard produces nothing on the screen.

The insertion point hasn’t been set, no text is selected, an application program is not active, the keyboard is not connected properly, the keyboard’s signals are not reaching the server, or there is a software error.

m Make sure the program you want to use is the active program. m Place the pointer in the active window and click to set an insertion point or

drag to select text (if applicable). m Turn off the server using the power switch, then check that the keyboard

cable is connected properly at both ends. m Turn off the server, then connect the keyboard cable to the other ADB port

(marked with the V icon) on the keyboard. (You may have to unplug the

mouse to do this.) If your keyboard cable is connected to your monitor,

connect it to another ADB port on the monitor or directly to the server’s

ADB port (on the back of the server). If typing still doesn’t work, the

problem is most likely in the keyboard itself. m If you have access to another keyboard, try using it instead. (Turn off the

server before connecting it.)

m Restart the server with a different startup disk (such as the Workgroup

Server Software CD-ROM disc). If this solves the problem, reinstall system

software on your startup disk. If none of these procedures solves the problem, consult the service and support

information that came with your server for instructions on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for assistance.

62 Chapter 6 / Troubleshooting

A dialog box with a “bomb” icon appears.

Your system has a software problem. m Write down what you were doing when the dialog box appeared, and write

down the number on the message, if there is one.

m Restart your server (see “Start Over” earlier in this chapter). Most software

problems are temporary and restarting usually corrects the problem.

m If the problem recurs, check the startup disk and program you are using

when the message appears. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and system extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software. Reinstalling the system software may correct the problem.

m Sometimes incompatible system extensions or control panels can cause

system software problems. To see if this is the problem, use the Extensions Manager control panel to turn off individual extensions and then restart the server. For information on using this control panel to manage system extensions, see the “Setting Options” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide menu. If turning off these programs doesn’t correct the problem, you may need to reinstall system software.

You can’t start your program or it quits unexpectedly. When you try to open a program, you see a message that not enough memory is available.

The program needs more memory or the server ran out of memory. m Quit the programs that you have open and then open the program you want

to use, or restart your server.

m Use the program’s Info window to give it more memory. For more information

see the instructions for making more memory available in the “Working with Programs” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide menu.

You see a message that your application program can’t be opened because a ﬁle can’t be found.

Power Macintosh programs use special ﬁles called shared libraries. Any necessary shared libraries should be installed automatically when you install Power Macintosh programs.

m Follow the directions that came with your program to reinstall the program.

If the shared library is still missing, contact the software program’s manufacturer for assistance.

Solutions to common problems 63

You experience problems using an older Macintosh program.

Some older Macintosh programs are not completely compatible with the Power Macintosh computers.

m Open the Memory control panel and turn off Modern Memory Manager. For

more detailed instructions, see “Using Older Macintosh Programs” in

Chapter 4 of this guide.

You experience problems using a document from a DOS computer.

If you can’t open a DOS or Windows document using a Macintosh program, try the following:

m Open the document from within the program by using the Open command

in the program’s File menu. m Use the PC Exchange control panel to change the document’s type to one

that can be opened by the program. See the information on setting up your

Macintosh to use DOS ﬁles in the “Using DOS Files and Disks” topic of

Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide menu. If a DOS document is displayed incorrectly, or you see strange codes or

characters in the document: m Your application program may have special procedures for opening and

saving documents with different ﬁle formats. See the information that came

with your application program. m Try opening the document in another program. Note: Some characters that can be displayed on the server are not accurately

displayed on DOS computers.

You see a message that an application program can’t be found.

The following dialog box appears if you try to open a document created using software that is not on your hard disk.

64 Chapter 6 / Troubleshooting

Normally, you see this message if you try to open a document that came from another computer with software that is different from yours.

m Some documents can be opened by more than one application program. Try

starting a program that you think might be able to open the document, then choose the Open command from the program’s File menu to try to open the document. (Or drag the document to the program’s icon. If the program can open the document, the program’s icon highlights.)

m Purchase and install the correct software to use the document, or ﬁnd out if

the original owner of the document can convert it to a form that one of your programs can use.

m Don’t try to open the ﬁles in your System Folder. Most of the System Folder

ﬁles are used by your server for internal purposes, and are not intended to

be opened.

m Rebuild your desktop by holding down the Option and x (Command) keys

while starting up your server. Keep holding down the keys until you see a message asking whether you want to rebuild the desktop. Click OK.

m The application program itself may be damaged. Try reinstalling it. m If the document is from a DOS computer, use the PC Exchange control

panel. See the information on setting up your Macintosh to use DOS ﬁles in the “Using DOS Files and Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide menu.

Your print server is not functioning properly.

You may not be using the correct version of the LaserWriter printer driver software. If you are running the AppleShare Print Server, you need to use version 7.2 of the LaserWriter printer software, which is preinstalled on the server. For more information, see the Read Me ﬁle for AppleShare.

You can’t see ﬁles on your CD-ROM drive.

If the drive in question is external, be sure that it is properly connected and terminated. See the section “Connecting Hard Disks and Other SCSI Devices” in Chapter 3.

There may be a problem with the CD-ROM drive software in your system and you need to reinstall that software. See the section “If There’s a Problem With Your CD-ROM Drive Software” later in this chapter.

Solutions to Common Problems 65

Whe n you need to reinstall system software

System software is the set of programs and other ﬁles that your server uses to start itself up, keep track of your ﬁles, and run the application programs you use. System software is kept in the folder called the System Folder. When you turn on your server, it looks for a startup disk, which is a disk tha t contains the system software. The startup disk is usually a hard disk that’ s inside your server, though another hard disk, ﬂoppy disk, or CD-ROM disc can also be a startup disk.

Your server came with all the necessary system software installed on your hard disk. Unless a problem develops later, you don’t need to reinstall the software. If a problem with your system software develops, you may see this icon in the middle of the screen:

If you see this icon, start up your server with the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc, as described in the section “Starting Up From the CD-ROM Drive ” later in this chapter. Then refer to “Repairing a Damaged Disk” at the end of this chapter for information on testing and repairing disks.

If repairing the disk doesn’t help, use the following instructions to start up your server and reinstall system software.

Reinstalling system software

When you have determined that you need to reinstall system software, you need to shut down your server and then start it up with another disk and use the Installer program to reinstall the system software on your server’s hard disk. Follow the steps provided in this section.

IMPORTANT

should reinstall your system software from your backup media. If you used a backup program to make the copy, see the documentation that came with your backup program.

66 Chapter 6 / Troubleshooting

If you’ve made a backup copy of your system software, you

Starting up from the CD-ROM drive

You can use the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc to start up your server from the built-in CD-ROM drive (even if your startup disk is damaged).

1 With your server turned on, place the

ROM drive’s tray with the label facing up, and close the tray.

2 Choose Restart from the Special menu. 3 Immediately press and hold down the “C” letter key. Release the key after the server

starts up.

IMPORTANT

For best performance, start up your server from its internal hard

Workgroup Server Software

CD-ROM disc in the CD-

disk. (You can check that the internal hard disk is selected in the Startup Disk

control panel.) Use the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc only as a

temporary startup system.

Starting up from t h e floppy drive

If you need to do so, you can use ﬂoppy disks that contain system software

to start up your server. Use the disks you created with your backup program or

by copying system software from the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM

disc. See the section “Creating Startup Floppy Disks” later in this chapter for

more information.

Insert the disk named

Install Me First

into the ﬂoppy drive and start up your server.

IMPORTANT

Make sure you’ve labeled your disks exactly as the Disk Copy program names them, as described in the section “Creating Startup Floppy Disks” later in this chapter.

An Installer screen opens automatically to let you reinstall system software on your hard disk.

Note: If you want to start up your server from a ﬂoppy disk without installing system software, use the disk named Disk Tools.

When you need to reinstall system software 67

About using the Installer pro gram

Before you use the Installer, you need to start up your server by following the instructions in either “Starting Up From the CD-ROM Drive” or “Starting Up From the Floppy Drive” earlier in this chapter.

How you start using the Installer depends upon where it is located: m If you started up from the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc, open

the folder named System Software Installers and review the instructions in the Read Me ﬁle before using the Installer programs there.

m If you started up from the ﬂoppy disk named Install Me First, the Installer

opens automatically. Depending on the version of system software on the ﬂoppy disk, you may also need to use another Installer to do a system update after the basic system installation.

After you open the Installer, using it to install system software involves the following steps:

1 In the Welcome dialog box that appears, click Continue.

The version of system software you install may be later than the one shown in this example.

68 Chapter 6 / Troubleshooting

2 Check that the destination disk indicated in the Installer is the one on which you want to

This is the disk on which system software will be installed.

3 Click Install.

install system software.

If not, click the Switch Disk button until the correct disk name appears.

Click to indicate a different disk.

Note: If you are using the Installer on a hard disk that doesn’t have system software, the explanatory text on-screen will be slightly different from what’s shown in this example.

The Easy Install status box appears and keeps you informed of progress during installation.

If you are installing from ﬂoppy disks, follow the instructions asking you to insert different disks.

4 If you see a message telling you that you need to restart your system, click Restart.

Otherwise, click Quit.

If a message reports that installation was not successful, try installing again. (Follow the instructions on the screen.)

That’s it. You’ve installed Macintosh system software on your startup disk. Note: The Installer also has a “custom” feature that lets you install or remove

one or more items. See the Installer’s Help information for more details.

When you need to reinstall system software 69

Creating star tup floppy disks

You can create Macintosh system software ﬂoppy disks from the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc. This allows you to have a backup copy of the

system software from which you can start up the server and reinstall the system software. You need to use the Disk Copy program to make a copy of the system software. (Dragging system software ﬁles to ﬂoppy disks does not work because the Installer expects the ﬁles to be in certain places on the ﬂoppy disks.)

To copy the software, you’ll need eleven high-density (1.4 megabyte [MB]) ﬂoppy disks.

1 Insert the 2 Open the folder named “Disk Images” and locate the Disk Copy icon.

Workgroup Server Software

CD-ROM disc into the CD-ROM drive.

You may need to scroll the window to see the icon.

3 Double-click the Disk Copy icon to start the program. 4 Click anywhere on the screen to remove the explanatory dialog box.

The Disk Copy window appears.

5 In the window, click Load Image File.

A dialog box appears, in which you can select the disk image that you want to copy. Each image ﬁle contains the software for one system software disk.

70 Chapter 6 / Troubleshooting

6 Click the name of a disk image, then click Open.

In a few moments a message appears near the top of the window, indicating that the disk image has been loaded.

7 Click Make A Copy. 8 When you see a message telling you to insert a disk, insert a ﬂoppy disk.

If the disk already contains information, you’re asked whether you want to replace the contents of the disk. Click Duplicate if you want to erase the information on the disk and replace it with a copy of system software. Otherwise, eject the disk and insert a different disk.

9 When you see a message telling you that the disk was duplicated successfully, click

Load Image File to copy another disk image or click Quit to leave the program.

The program ejects the disk when it has copied the image.

10 Repeat steps 6 through 9 for each disk image until you have copied all the disk image ﬁles.

Store the backup disks in a safe place. Note: It’s a good idea to label the disks exactly as they are named by the Disk

Copy program. That way, if you need to start up from a ﬂoppy disk and reinstall system software, you can easily follow the directions in “Starting Up From a Floppy Drive,” earlier in this chapter.

When you need to reinstall system software 71

What to do if your server’s performance decreases

If you notice a decrease in your server’s speed and general performance after adding special software (a control panel, a system extension, or a custom utility), it may be because your special software does not work well with Power Macintosh computers.

To see if this is the problem, use the Extensions Manager control panel to turn off individual programs and extensions, one at a time, and then restart the server. (For information on using the Extensions Manager control panel, see the “Setting Options” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide menu.) If the computer performs better when a special program or extension is removed, contact the software’s manufacturer for information or an upgrade.

If you still do not notice an improvement after removing all special programs, try doing a “clean” installation of system software, as described next.

Doing a clean installation of system software

Performing what is commonly called a “clean” installation of system software involves repairing any damage to your startup disk and installing new versions of system software and disk drive software. To do this, you must start up your server from the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc. There are a number of steps involved; here’s an overview of the entire process:

m Use the Disk First Aid program to inspect and repair your startup disk. m Use Apple HD SC Setup to update the startup disk drive software. m Use a special feature of the Installer to do the clean installation.

WARNING

RAID Software, do not use the following instructions for doing a clean installation. See the Apple RAID Software Administrator’s Guide for information about repairing disks and installing system software on disks containing RAID volumes.

After the clean installation you can experiment with any special sofware you used with the previous system software to see if you can use it without decreasing the server’s performance.

72 Chapter 6 / Troubleshooting

If your startup disk has been formatted for use with Apple

IMPORTANT

Do a clean installation of system software only if you are sure it’s acceptable to remove any special control panels, extensions, or custom utilities you have added to your System Folder. These items will not work when moved out of the System Folder.

Note: You may have to reinstall some server application programs (including network services) if you do a clean installation; see your server application program documentation for details.

Follow these steps to do a clean installation:

1 Start up your server from the

Workgroup Server Software

CD-ROM disc.

If you need instructions, see the section “Starting Up From the CD-ROM Drive” earlier in this chapter.

2 Open the Utilities folder on the

Disk First Aid icon.

3 In the Disk First Aid window, click the icon of the server’s hard disk.

Workgroup Server Software

disc, then double-click the

Disk icons appear in a box at the top of the Disk First Aid window.

What to do if your server’s performance decreases 73

4 Click Repair to begin testing and, if necessary, repairing the startup disk. 5 When the program is ﬁnished, choose Quit from the File menu. 6 Double-click the Apple HD SC Setup icon.

WARNING

If your startup disk has been formatted for use with Apple RAID Software, do not use HD SC Setup to update the disk. See the Apple RAID Software Administrator’s Guide for information about repairing disks containing RAID volumes.

7 Click Update to replace the existing startup disk drive software with a new version. 8 When the startup disk software is updated, choose Quit from the File menu. 9 Make sure that at least 20 MB of disk space is available on the startup disk.

If needed, delete unnecessary ﬁles until you have 20 MB of space available.

10 Open the Installer program in the System Software Installers folder on the

Server Software

11 If the destination disk named in the Installer screen is not the hard disk on which you

want to do the clean installation, click Switch Disk until the correct name appears.

12 To start the clean installation process, press the Shift- 13 In the dialog box that appears, click the Install New System Folder button and click OK.

CD-ROM disc and click Continue when the Welcome screen appears.

-K key combination.

Workgroup

The dialog box disappears, and the Install button in the Installer screen

changes to Clean Install.

14 Click Clean Install and follow any instructions that the Installer displays. 15 If a message reports that installation was not successful, repeat the clean

installation procedure.

74 Chapter 6 / Troubleshooting

16 When you see a message reporting that the installation was successful, if you installed

software on the startup disk, you’ll need to click Restart; otherwise, click Quit.

17 Copy any special software items from the Previous System Folder to the clean System

Folder one item at a time, restarting the server after copying each item.

If you ﬁnd that any of your special software items (control panels, system extensions, or custom utilities) causes problems or degrades your server’s performance, contact the software’s manufacturer for assistance or an upgrade.

IMPORTANT

Be very careful not to replace (copy over) any of the new system

ﬁles in the System Folder with ﬁles from the Previous System Folder.

If ther e’s a problem with your CD-ROM drive software

Your built-in CD-ROM drive requires special software, which is already installed on your hard disk. If you experience occasional problems using your CD-ROM drive, try reinstalling the server’s multimedia software, which includes CD-ROM and QuickTime software.

IMPORTANT

system software ﬂoppy disks to restart your system and reinstall the CD-ROM drive software. See “Starting Up From the Floppy Drive” earlier in this chapter. (If necessary, you can use the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc on another computer system to create a set of startup ﬂoppy disks.)

Follow these steps to use the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc to reinstall CD-ROM drive software on your server’s startup disk:

1 Place the disc in the CD-ROM drive’s tray with the label facing up, and close the tray.

If you cannot use your server’s CD-ROM drive, use a set of

The Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc’s window opens automatically.

2 Open the System Installer program located in the System Software Installers folder.

If you haven’t already done so, check the Read Me ﬁle in that folder for any speciﬁc instructions on using the Installer programs available.

What to do if your server’s performance decreases 75

3 In the Installer Welcome dialog box that appears, click Continue. 4 Check that the destination disk named in the dialog box is the server’s startup disk.

If not, click the Switch Disk button until the correct disk name appears.

5 Choose Custom Install from the pop-up menu. 6 Click to select the Multimedia Software checkbox and then click Install.

The Multimedia Software option provides the CD-ROM drive software and

QuickTime software—it’s recommended that you reinstall both when updating

your system.

7 When you see a message reporting that installation was successful, click Restart.

Your CD-ROM drive should now operate normally. (If a message reports that

installation was not successful, follow the instructions on the screen to try

installing again.)

Repairing a dama ge d disk

Disks can become damaged by repeated use and handling.

If you see a message reporting that a disk is damaged or unreadable, you may

need to repair the disk.

WARNING

RAID Software, see the Apple RAID Software Administrator’s Guide for information about repairing disks that contain RAID volumes.

76 Chapter 6 / Troubleshooting

If the damaged disk has been formatted for use with Apple

Try these suggestions first

If you can’t start up from a hard disk or you don’t see the hard disk icon on the desktop, try the following:

m If the hard disk is internal, shut down your Macintosh, wait at least 10

seconds, and then turn it on again.

m If the hard disk is external, make sure that it is turned on and that its cable is

connected ﬁrmly; then restart the Macintosh.

m If the hard disk is your startup disk, start up with a different startup disk. If

the hard disk’s icon appears on your desktop, reinstall system software on the hard disk (see “Reinstalling System Software” earlier in this chapter).

m Check the ID numbers of all SCSI equipment connected to your computer.

Each device must have a unique ID number (the computer itself has the ID number 7, and the internal hard disk has the number 0). Also check that the chain of devices is terminated properly. For information on setting SCSI ID numbers and terminating a SCSI chain, see Chapter 3 of this guide or the manuals that came with your SCSI equipment.

m Test the disk by following the instructions that come next.

How to test a hard disk

You can test an Apple SCSI hard disk with the program, which is on the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc.

1 Start up your server from the

Workgroup Server Software

CD-ROM disc.

If you need instructions, see “Starting Up From the CD-ROM Drive” in the section “Reinstalling System Software” earlier in this chapter.

2 Open the 3 Open the Apple HD SC Setup program .

Workgroup Server Software

CD-ROM disc icon and then open the Utilities folder.

Repairing a damaged disk 77

4 Click Drive until the name of the disk you want to test appears at the bottom of the

dialog box.

SCSI ID number of the currently selected hard disk

Name of the currently selected hard disk

5 Click Test. 6 When a message tells you that testing is complete, click Quit.

If the test reveals a problem, you may be able to correct it by using Disk First

Aid or another disk repair program (see the instructions in the next section). If

you cannot correct the problem you may need to initialize the disk (again,

using Apple HD SC Setup) and reinstall system software (see “Reinstalling

System Software” earlier in this chapter). If necessary, consult an Apple-

authorized service provider for assistance.

How to repair a hard disk or floppy disk

You can repair some types of disk damage by using the Disk First Aid

program, which is included on the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc.

WARNING

RAID Software, see the Apple RAID Software Administrator’s Guide for information about repairing disks that contain RAID volumes.

78 Chapter 6 / Troubleshooting

If the damaged disk has been formatted for use with Apple

1 If you are repairing your startup disk, start up your server from the

Software

CD-ROM disc; otherwise, just insert the CD-ROM disc.

Workgroup Server

If you need instructions for starting up from the Workgroup Server Software CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From the CD-ROM Drive” in the section “Reinstalling System Software” earlier in this chapter.

2 Open the 3 Open the Disk First Aid icon.

Workgroup Server Software

CD-ROM disc icon and then open the Utilities folder.

The Disk First Aid window opens. Disk icons appear in a box at the top of the window.

4 Click the icon of the disk you want to test.

5 Click Repair to begin testing and repairing the disk. 6 When testing and repair are ﬁnished, choose Quit from the File menu.

Repairing a damaged disk 79

If Disk First Aid cannot correct the problem

m Try repairing the disk again. Sometimes repeating the process corrects

the problem.

m Use another disk repair or recovery program. Some disk repair programs let

you recover information from a damaged disk.

m Consult a computer repair specialist for help.

m Once you have recovered all the information you can, erase (reinitialize) the

disk. If initialization doesn’t work, discard the damaged disk (if it’s a ﬂoppy disk), or take it to your Apple-authorized service provider for repair (if it’s a hard disk).

80 Chapter 6 / Troubleshooting

App e ndix A Safet y, Maintenanc e, and Health Information

Important se rver safety instructions

For your own safety and that of your equipment, always take the following precautions.

Turn off the server and disconnect the power plug (by pulling the plug, not the cord) if any of the following conditions exists:

m The power cord or plug becomes frayed or otherwise damaged. m You spill something into the case. m Your server is exposed to rain or any other excess moisture. m Your server has been dropped or the case has otherwise been damaged. m You suspect that your server needs service or repair. m You want to clean the case (use only the recommended procedure described

later in this section).

For additional safety: m If you ever need to remove the cover of your server, replace it before you

use the server.

m Never turn on your server with any of the internal parts removed. m Never turn on your server with any parts of the external closure removed.

Be sure that you always do the following:

m Keep your server away from sources of liquids, such as wash basins,

bathtubs, shower stalls, and so on.

m Protect your server from dampness or wet weather, such as rain, snow, and

so on.

m Read all the installation instructions carefully before you plug your server

into a wall socket.

m Keep these instructions handy for reference by you and others.

m Follow all instructions and warnings dealing with your system.

WARNING

Electrical equipment may be hazardous if misused. Operation of this product, or similar products, must always be supervised by an adult. Do not allow children access to the interior of any electrical product and do not permit them to handle any cables.

To clean the case, do the following:

1 Turn off the server and then disconnect the power plug. (Pull the plug, not the cord.) 2 Wipe the surfaces lightly with a clean, soft cloth dampened with water.

WARNING

If you have a problem with your server and nothing in the manuals that came with the server solves the problem, consult the service and support information that came with your server for information on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for assistance.

Handling your computer equipment

Follow these guidelines for handling your server and its components: m When setting up your server, place components on a sturdy, ﬂat surface, and

carefully follow all setup instructions.

m When connecting or disconnecting a cable, always hold the cable by its

connector (the plug, not the cord).

82 Appendix A / Safety, Maintenance, and Health Information

m Turn off your server and all its components before connecting or

disconnecting any cables to add or remove any component. Failure to do so could seriously damage your equipment.

m Never force a connector into a port. If the connector and port do not join

with reasonable ease, they probably don’t match. Make sure that the connector matches the port and that you have positioned the connector correctly in relation to the port.

m Take care not to spill any food or liquid on the server, keyboard, mouse, or

other components. If you do, turn your server off immediately and unplug it before cleaning up the spill. Depending on what you spilled and how much of it got into your equipment, you may have to bring your equipment to an Apple-authorized service provider.

m Protect the server and its components from direct sunlight and rain or

other moisture.

m Keep all ventilation openings clear and unobstructed. Without proper air

circulation, components can overheat, causing damage or unreliable operation.

Handling the monitor

Follow these procedures for handling a monitor: m Turn down the screen brightness control if you leave the server turned on

for extended periods. If the brightness is not turned down, the image on the screen could “burn in” and damage the screen.

You can also use a “screen-saver” program, which dims or varies the image on the screen when the server has been idle for a speciﬁed period of time. These programs are available from independent suppliers and user groups.

m Make sure that the ventilation openings on the server and the monitor are

clear and unobstructed.

m If there is interference on the monitor’s screen or on a television or radio

near your server, move the affected equipment farther away.

Handling your computer equipment 83

Handling the keyboard

Take care not to spill any liquid on the keyboard. If you do, turn off your server immediately.

m If you spill liquid that is thin and clear, unplug the keyboard, turn it upside

down to let the liquid drain out, and let it dry for 24 hours at room temperature. If, after you take these steps, the keyboard doesn’t work, take it to an Apple-authorized service provider for repair.

m If you spill liquid that is greasy, sweet, or sticky, unplug the keyboard and

take it to an Apple-authorized service provider for repair.

Handling floppy disks

Store disks at temperatures between 50° F and 125° F.

125° F (52° C)

50° F (10° C)

Do not touch the exposed part of the disk behind the metal shutter.

Do not use a pencil or an eraser on a disk or disk label.

Keep disks away from magnets.

Keep disks dry.

Avoid exposing disks to extremely hot temperatures.

84 Appendix A / Safety, Maintenance, and Health Information

Apple Workgroup Server 8150/110 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual