Clear function to user-programmable code
Amplifier boost mode to optimize slew rate
User-programmable offset and gain adjust
Toggle mode enables square wave generation
Thermal monitors
APPLICATIONS
Variable optical attenuators (VOAs)
Level setting (ATE)
Optical micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMs)
Control systems
Instrumentation
1.25V/2.5V
REFERENCE
12121212
DAC
REG0
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
m REG0
c REG0
m REG1
c REG1
m REG6
c REG6
m REG7
c REG7
DAC
REG1
DAC
REG6
DAC
REG7
×5
DAC 0
12121212
DAC 1
12121212
DAC 6
12121212
DAC 7
LDAC
R
R
R
R
VOUT0
R
VOUT1
VOUT2
R
R
R
VOUT3
VOUT4
VOUT5
VOUT6
VOUT7
VOUT8
VOUT38
VOUT39/MON_OUTLDAC
Rev. B
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any
infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use.
Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication
or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
The AD5381 is a complete, single-supply, 40-channel, 12-bit
DAC available in a 100-lead LQFP package. All 40 channels
have an on-chip output amplifier with rail-to-rail operation.
The AD5381 includes a programmable internal 1.25 V/2.5 V,
10 ppm/°C reference, an on-chip channel monitor function that
multiplexes the analog outputs to a common MON_OUT pin
for external monitoring, and an output amplifier boost mode,
which allows optimization of the amplifier slew rate. The
AD5381 contains a double-buffered parallel interface featuring
20 ns
pulse width, an SPI-/QSPI-/MICROWIRE-/DSP-
WR
compatible serial interface with interface speeds in excess of
30 MHz, and an I
2
C-compatible interface that supports a
400 kHz data transfer rate.
Table 1. Other Low Voltage Single-Supply DACs in Product Family
Model Resolution AVDD Range Output Channels
AD5380BST-5 14 Bits 4.5 V to 5.5 V 40 ±4 100-Lead LQFP ST-100
AD5380BST-3 14 Bits 2.7 V to 3.6 V 40 ±4 100-Lead LQFP ST-100
AD5384BBC-5 14 Bits 4.5 V to 5.5 V 40 ±4 100-Lead CSPBGA BC-80
AD5384BBC-3 14 Bits 2.7 V to 3.6 V 40 ±4 100-Lead CSPBGA BC-80
AD5382BST-5 14 Bits 4.5 V to 5.5 V 32 ±4 100-Lead LQFP ST-100
AD5382BST-3 14 Bits 2.7 V to 3.6 V 32 ±4 100-Lead LQFP ST-100
AD5383BST-5 12 Bits 4.5 V to 5.5 V 32 ±1 100-Lead LQFP ST-100
AD5383BST-3 12 Bits 2.7 V to 3.6 V 32 ±1 100-Lead LQFP ST-100
AD5390BST-5 14 Bits 4.5 V to 5.5 V 16 ±3 52-Lead LQFP ST-52
AD5390BCP-5 14 Bits 4.5 V to 5.5 V 16 ±3 64-Lead LFCSP CP-64
AD5390BST-3 14 Bits 2.7 V to 3.6 V 16 ±4 52-Lead LQFP ST-52
AD5390BCP-3 14 Bits 2.7 V to 3.6 V 16 ±4 64-Lead LFCSP CP-64
AD5391BST-5 12 Bits 4.5 V to 5.5 V 16 ±1 52-Lead LQFP ST-52
AD5391BCP-5 12 Bits 4.5 V to 5.5 V 16 ±1 64-Lead LFCSP CP-64
AD5391BST-3 12 Bits 2.7 V to 3.6 V 16 ±1 52-Lead LQFP ST-52
AD5391BCP-3 12 Bits 2.7 V to 3.6 V 16 ±1 64-Lead LFCSP CP-64
AD5392BST-5 14 Bits 4.5 V to 5.5 V 8 ±3 52-Lead LQFP ST-52
AD5392BCP-5 14 Bits 4.5 V to 5.5 V 8 ±3 64-Lead LFCSP CP-64
AD5392BST-3 14 Bits 2.7 V to 3.6 V 8 ±4 52-Lead LQFP ST-52
AD5392BCP-3 14 Bits 2.7 V to 3.6 V 8 ±4 64-Lead LFCSP CP-64
An input register followed by a DAC register provides double
buffering, allowing the DAC outputs to be updated independently or simultaneously using the
LDAC
input.
Each channel has a programmable gain and offset adjust
register that allows the user to fully calibrate any DAC channel. Power consumption is typically 0.25 mA/channel with
boost mode disabled.
Linearity Error
(LSB)
Package
Description
Package Option
Table 2. 40-Channel, Bipolar Voltage Output DAC
Linearity
Model Resolution Analog Supplies Output Channels
AD5379ABC 14 Bits ±11.4 V to ±16.5 V 40 ±3 108-Lead CSPBGA BC-108
AD5378ABC 14 Bits ±11.4 V to ±16.5 V 32 ±3 108-Lead CSPBGA BC-108
Error
Package Package Option
Rev. B | Page 3 of 40
AD5381
SPECIFICATIONS
AD5381-5 SPECIFICATIONS
AVDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V; DVDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V, AGND = DGND = 0 V; external REFIN = 2.5 V; all specifications T
unless otherwise noted.
Table 3.
Parameter AD5381-51 Unit Test Conditions/Comments
ACCURACY Output unloaded
Resolution 12 Bits
Relative Accuracy2 (INL) ±1 LSB max
Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) ±1 LSB max Guaranteed monotonic over temperature
Zero-Scale Error 4 mV max
Offset Error ±4 mV max Measured at Code 32 in the linear region
Offset Error TC ±5 μV/°C typ
Gain Error ±0.024 % FSR max At 25°C
±0.06 % FSR max T
Gain Temperature Coefficient
DC Crosstalk
mV
DC Input Impedance 1 MΩ min Typically 100 MΩ
Input Current ±10 μA max Typically ±30 nA
Reference Range 1 to AVDD/2 V min/max
Reference Output
4
Enabled via CR8 in the AD5381 control register,
CR10 selects the reference voltage
Output Voltage 2.495/2.505 V min/max At ambient, optimized for 2.5 V operation. CR10 = 1
1.22/1.28 V min/max CR10 = 0
Reference TC ±10 ppm/°C max Temperature Range: +25°C to +85°C
±15 ppm/°C max Temperature Range: –40°C to +85°C
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Range
3
2
0/AVDD V min/max
Short-Circuit Current 40 mA max
Load Current ±1 mA max
Capacitive Load Stability
RL = ∞ 200 pF max
RL = 5 kΩ 1000 pF max
DC Output Impedance 0.5 Ω max
MONITOR PIN
Output Impedance 500 Ω typ
Three-State Leakage Current 100 nA typ
LOGIC INPUTS (EXCEPT SDA/SCL)
3
DVDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V
VIH, Input High Voltage 2 V min
VIL, Input Low Voltage 0.8 V max
Input Current ±10 μA max Total for all pins; TA = T
MIN
to T
MAX
Pin Capacitance 10 pF max
MIN
to T
MAX
,
Rev. B | Page 4 of 40
AD5381
Parameter AD5381-51 Unit Test Conditions/Comments
LOGIC INPUTS (SDA, SCL ONLY)
VIH, Input High Voltage 0.7 DVDD V min SMBus compatible at DVDD < 3.6 V
VIL, Input Low Voltage 0.3 DVDD V max SMBus compatible at DVDD < 3.6 V
IIN, Input Leakage Current ±1 μA max
V
, Input Hysteresis 0.05 DVDD V min
HYST
CIN, Input Capacitance 8 pF typ
Glitch Rejection 50 ns max Input filtering suppresses noise spikes of less than 50 ns
LOGIC OUTPUTS (BUSY, SDO)
VOL, Output Low Voltage 0.4 V max DVDD = 5 V ± 10%, sinking 200 μA
VOH, Output High Voltage DVDD – 1 V min DVDD = 5 V ± 10%, sourcing 200 μA
VOL, Output Low Voltage 0.4 V max DVDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V, sinking 200 μA
VOH, Output High Voltage DVDD – 0.5 V min DVDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V, sourcing 200 μA
High Impedance Leakage Current ±1 μA max SDO only
High Impedance Output Capacitance 5 pF typ SDO only
LOGIC OUTPUT (SDA)3
VOL, Output Low Voltage 0.4 V max I
0.6 V max I
Three-State Leakage Current ±1 μA max
Three-State Output Capacitance 8 pF typ
POWER REQUIREMENTS
AVDD 4.5/5.5 V min/max
DVDD 2.7/5.5 V min/max
Power Supply Sensitivity
∆Midscale/∆ΑVDD –85 dB typ
AIDD 0.375 mA/channel max Outputs unloaded, boost off; 0.25 mA/channel typ
0.475 mA/channel max Outputs unloaded, boost on.; 0.325 mA /channel typ
DIDD 1 mA max VIH = DVDD, VIL = DGND
AIDD (Power-Down) 2 μA max
DIDD (Power-Down) 20 μA max
Power Dissipation 80 mW max Outputs unloaded, boost off, AVDD = DVDD = 5 V
1
AD5381-5 is calibrated using an external 2.5 V reference. Temperature range for all versions: –40°C to +85°C.
2
Accuracy guaranteed from VOUT = 10 mV to AVDD – 50 mV.
3
Guaranteed by characterization, not production tested.
4
Default on the AD5381-5 is 2.5 V. Programmable to 1.25 V via CR10 in the AD5381 control register; operating the AD5381-5 with a 1.25 V reference will lead to
degraded accuracy specifications.
3
3
= 3 mA
SINK
= 6 mA
SINK
Rev. B | Page 5 of 40
AD5381
AD5381-3 SPECIFICATIONS
AVDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V; DVDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V, AGND = DGND = 0 V; external REFIN = 1.25 V;
all specifications T
Table 4.
Parameter AD5381-31Unit Test Conditions/Comments
ACCURACY Output unloaded
Resolution 12 Bits
Relative Accuracy2 (INL) ±1 LSB max
Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) ±1 LSB max Guaranteed monotonic over temperature
Zero-Scale Error 4 mV max
Offset Error ±4 mV max Measured at Code 64 in the linear region
Offset Error TC ±5 μV/°C typ
Gain Error ±0.024 % FSR max At 25 °C
±0.1 % FSR max T
Gain Temperature Coefficient
DC Crosstalk
REFERENCE INPUT/OUTPUT
Reference Input
Reference Input Voltage 1.25 V ±1% for specified performance
DC Input Impedance 1 MΩ min Typically 100 MΩ
Input Current ±10 μA max Typically ±30 nA
Reference Range 1 to AVDD/2 V min/max
Reference Output
Output Voltage 1.245/1.255 V min/max At ambient; optimized for 1.25 V operation; CR10 = 0
2.47/2.53 V min/max CR10 = 1
Reference TC ±10 ppm/°C max Temperature Range: +25°C to +85°C
±15 ppm/°C max Temperature Range: –40°C to +85°C
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Range
Short-Circuit Current 40 mA max
Load Current ±1 mA max
Capacitive Load Stability
RL = ∞ 200 pF max
RL = 5 kΩ 1000 pF max
DC Output Impedance 0.5 Ω max
MONITOR PIN
Output Impedance 500 Ω typ
Three-State Leakage Current 100 nA typ
LOGIC INPUTS (EXCEPT SDA/SCL)
VIH, Input High Voltage 2 V min
V
Input Low Voltage 0.8 V max
IL,
Input Current ±10 μA max Total for all pins; TA = T
Pin Capacitance 10 pF max
LOGIC INPUTS (SDA, SCL ONLY)
VIH, Input High Voltage 0.7 DVDD V min SMBus compatible at DVDD < 3.6 V
VIL, Input Low Voltage 0.3 DVDD V max SMBus compatible at DVDD < 3.6 V
IIN, Input Leakage Current ±1 μA max
V
, Input Hysteresis 0.05 DVDD V min
HYST
CIN, Input Capacitance 8 pF typ
Glitch Rejection 50 ns max Input filtering suppresses noise spikes of less than 50 ns
to T
MIN
3
3
4
, unless otherwise noted.
MAX
3
2 ppm FSR/°C typ
0.5 LSB max
to T
MIN
MAX
Enabled via CR8 in the AD5381 control register
CR10 selects the reference voltage.
3
2
3
0/AVDD V min/max
DVDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V
MIN
to T
MAX
Rev. B | Page 6 of 40
AD5381
Parameter AD5381-31Unit Test Conditions/Comments
LOGIC OUTPUTS (BUSY, SDO)
VOL, Output Low Voltage 0.4 V max Sinking 200 μA
VOH, Output High Voltage DVDD – 0.5 V min Sourcing 200 μA
High Impedance Leakage Current ±1 μA max SDO only
High Impedance Output Capacitance 5 pF typ SDO only
LOGIC OUTPUT (SDA)3
VOL, Output Low Voltage 0.4 V max I
0.6 V max I
Three-State Leakage Current ±1 μA max
Three-State Output Capacitance 8 pF typ
POWER REQUIREMENTS
AVDD 2.7/3.6 V min/max
DVDD 2.7/5.5 V min/max
Power Supply Sensitivity
∆Midscale/∆ΑV
AI
DD
DD
0.475 mA/channel max Outputs unloaded, boost on; 0.325 mA/channel typ
DI
DD
AIDD (Power-Down) 2 μA max
DIDD (Power-Down) 20 μA max
Power Dissipation 48 mW max Outputs unloaded, boost off, AVDD = DVDD = 3 V
1
AD5381-3 is calibrated using an external 1.25 V reference. Temperature range is –40°C to +85°C.
2
Accuracy guaranteed from VOUT = 10 mV to AVDD– 50 mV.
3
Guaranteed by characterization, not production tested.
4
Default on the AD5381-3 is 1.25 V. Programmable to 2.5 V via CR10 in the AD5381 control register; operating the AD5381-3 with a 2.5 V reference will lead to degraded
accuracy specifications and limited input code range.
AC CHARACTERISTICS
AVDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V or 2.7 V to 3.6 V; DVDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V; AGND = DGND = 0 V.
3
3
= 3 mA
SINK
= 6 mA
SINK
–85 dB typ
0.375 mA/channel max Outputs unloaded, boost off; 0.25 mA/channel typ
1 mA max VIH = DVDD, VIL = DGND
1
Table 5.
Parameter All Unit Test Conditions/Comments
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
Output Voltage Settling Time 1/4 scale to 3/4 scale change settling to ±1 LSB
6 μs typ
8 μs max
Slew Rate
2
2 V/μs typ Boost mode off, CR9 = 0
3 V/μs typ Boost mode on, CR9 = 1
Digital-to-Analog Glitch Energy 12 nV-s typ
Glitch Impulse Peak Amplitude 15 mV typ
DAC-to-DAC Crosstalk 1 nV-s typ See Terminology section
Digital Crosstalk 0.8 nV-s typ
Digital Feedthrough 0.1 nV-s typ Effect of input bus activity on DAC output under test
Output Noise 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz 15 μV p-p typ External reference, midscale loaded to DAC
40 μV p-p typ Internal reference, midscale loaded to DAC
Output Noise Spectral Density
@ 1 kHz 150 nV/√Hz typ
@ 10 kHz 100 nV/√Hz typ
1
Guaranteed by design and characterization, not production tested.
2
Slew rate can be programmed via the current boost control bit in the AD5381 control register.
Rev. B | Page 7 of 40
AD5381
T
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
SERIAL INTERFACE TIMING
DVDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V; AVDD= 4.5 V to 5.5 V or 2.7 V to 3.6 V; AGND = DGND = 0 V;
all specifications T
MIN
to T
, unless otherwise noted.
MAX
Table 6.
Parameter
1, , 2 3
Limit at T
MIN
, T
MAX
Unit Description
t1 33 ns min SCLK cycle time
t
2
13 ns min SCLK high time
t3 13 ns min SCLK low time
t4 13 ns min
t5 4 13 ns min
4
t6
33 ns min
t7 10 ns min
t7A 50 ns min
SYNC falling edge to SCLK falling edge setup time
th
SCLK falling edge to SYNC falling edge
24
Minimum
Minimum
Minimum
SYNC low time
SYNC high time
SYNC high time in Readback mode
t8 5 ns min Data setup time
t9 4.5 ns min Data hold time
4
t
10
30 ns max
t11 670 ns max
4
t
12
20 ns min
t13 20 ns min
t14 100 ns max
t15 0 ns min
t16 100 ns min
th
SCLK falling edge to BUSY falling edge
24
BUSY pulse width low (single channel update)
24th SCLK falling edge to
LDAC pulse width low
BUSY rising edge to DAC output response time
BUSY rising edge to LDAC falling edge
LDAC falling edge to DAC output response time
t17 8 μs typ DAC output settling time
t18 20 ns min
t
19
5
t
20
5
t
21
5
t
22
t
23
1
Guaranteed by design and characterization, not production tested.
2
All input signals are specified with t
3
See Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, and Figure 5.
4
Standalone mode only.
5
Daisy-chain mode only.
12 μs max
20 ns max SCLK rising edge to SDO valid
5 ns min
8 ns min
20 ns min
= t
= 5 ns (10% to 90% of VCC) and are timed from a voltage level of 1.2 V.
r
f
CLR pulse width low
CLR pulse activation time
SCLK falling edge to
SYNC rising edge
SYNC rising edge to SCLK rising edge
SYNC rising edge to LDAC falling edge
LDAC falling edge
O OUTPUT PIN
C
L
50pF
200μA
200μA
I
OL
(MIN) OR
V
OH
(MAX)
V
OL
I
OH
03732-002
Figure 2. Load Circuit for Digital Output Timing
Rev. B | Page 8 of 40
AD5381
t
1
SCLK
SYNC
DIN
BUSY
1
LDAC
VOUT1
2
LDAC
VOUT2
CLR
VOUT
t
7
1
LDAC ACTIVE DURING BUSY.
2
LDAC ACTIVE AFTER BUSY.
Figure 3. Serial Interface Timing Diagram (Standalone Mode)
t
4
DB23
t8t
t
3
t
6
9
t
18
t
2
t
5
DB0
t
10
t
11
t
12
t
19
t
13
t
15
2424
t
17
t
14
t
13
t
17
t
16
03732-003
2448SCLK
t
7A
SYNC
DIN
SDO
SCLK
SYNC
DIN
SDO
DB23DB0DB23DB0
INPUT WORD SPECIFIES
REGISTER TO BE READ
UNDEFINED
DB23DB0
NOP CONDITION
SELECTED REGISTER
DATA CLOCKED OUT
Figure 4. Serial Interface Timing Diagram (Data Readback Mode)
t
1
t
t
t
7
t
4
t8t
DB23DB0DB0DB23
INPUT WORD FOR DAC NINPUT WORD FOR DAC N + 1
3
9
2
t
20
DB23DB0
t
03732-004
4824
21
t
22
LDAC
UNDEFINEDINPUT WORD FOR DAC N
Figure 5. Serial Interface Timing Diagram (Daisy-Chain Mode)
Rev. B | Page 9 of 40
t
13
t
23
03732-005
AD5381
I2C SERIAL INTERFACE TIMING
DVDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V; AVDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V or 2.7 V to 3.6 V; AGND = DGND = 0 V; all specifications T
unless otherwise noted.
MIN
to T
MAX
,
Table 7.
Parameter
F
SCL
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
3
t
6
0 μs min t
t7 0.6 μs min t
t8 0.6 μs min t
t9 1.3 μs min t
1, 2
Limit at T
MIN
, T
Unit Description
MAX
400 kHz max SCL clock frequency
2.5 μs min SCL cycle time
0.6 μs min t
1.3 μs min t
0.6 μs min t
100 ns min t
0.9 μs max t
, SCL high time
HIGH
, SCL low time
LOW
, start/repeated start condition hold time
HD,STA
, data setup time
SU,DAT
, data hold time
HD,DAT
, data hold time
HD,DAT
, setup time for repeated start
SU,STA
, stop condition setup time
SU,STO
, bus free time between a STOP and a START condition
BUF
t10 300 ns max tR, rise time of SCL and SDA when receiving
0 ns min tR, rise time of SCL and SDA when receiving (CMOS compatible)
t11 300 ns max tF, fall time of SDA when transmitting
0 ns min tF, fall time of SDA when receiving (CMOS compatible)
300 ns max tF, fall time of SCL and SDA when receiving
20 + 0.1 C
4
b
ns min tF, fall time of SCL and SDA when transmitting
Cb 400 pF max Capacitive load for each bus line
1
Guaranteed by design and characterization, not production tested.
2
See Figure 6.
3
A master device must provide a hold time of at least 300 ns for the SDA signal (referred to the V
SCL’s falling edge.
4
Cb is the total capacitance, in pF, of one bus line. tR and tF are measured between 0.3 DVDD and 0.7 DVDD.
min of the SCL signal) in order to bridge the undefined region of
IH
SDA
SCL
t
9
t
START
CONDITION
t
3
4
t
10
t
6
t
t
11
2
t
5
REPEATED
CONDITION
t
7
START
t
4
t
1
t
8
STOP
CONDITION
03732-006
Figure 6. I2C-Compatible Serial Interface Timing Diagram
Rev. B | Page 10 of 40
AD5381
PARALLEL INTERFACE TIMING
DVDD = 2.7 V to 5.5 V; AVDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V or 2.7 V to 3.6 V; AGND = DGND = 0 V; all specifications T
unless otherwise noted.
MIN
to T
MAX
,
Table 8.
Parameter
t0 4.5 ns min
t1 4.5 ns min
t2 20 ns min
t3 20 ns min
t4 0 ns min
t5 0 ns min
t6 4.5 ns min
t7 4.5 ns min
t
8
4
t
700 ns min
9
4
t
30 ns max
10
4, 5
t
11
t
12
t13 20 ns min
t
14
t15 20 ns min
t16 0 ns min
t
17
1, ,2 3
Limit at T
MIN
, T
MAX
Unit Description
20 ns min
670 ns max
30 ns min
100 ns max
100 ns min
REG0, REG1, address to
REG0, REG1, address to
WR rising edge setup time
WR rising edge hold time
CS pulse width low
WR pulse width low
CS to WR falling edge setup time
WR to CS rising edge hold time
WR rising edge setup time
Data to
WR rising edge hold time
Data to
WR pulse width high
Minimum
WR cycle time (single-channel write)
WR rising edge to BUSY falling edge
BUSY pulse width low (single-channel update)
WR rising edge to LDAC falling edge
LDAC pulse width low
BUSY rising edge to DAC output response time
LDAC rising edge to WR rising edge
BUSY rising edge to LDAC falling edge
LDAC falling edge to DAC output response time
t18 8 μs typ DAC output settling time, boost mode off
t19 20 ns min
t20 12 μsmax
1
Guaranteed by design and characterization, not production tested.
2
All input signals are specified with tR = tR = 5 ns (10% to 90% of DVDD) and timed from a voltage level of 1.2 V.
3
See Figure 7.
4
See Figure 29.
5
Measured with the load circuit of Figure 2.
CLR pulse width low
CLR pulse activation time
Rev. B | Page 11 of 40
AD5381
t
t
0
1
REG0, REG1, A5...A0
CS
WR
DB11...DB0
BUSY
LDAC
VOUT1
LDAC
VOUT2
CLR
VOUT
1
2
t
4
t
5
t
2
t
9
t
3
t
6
t
t
t
8
t
t
7
10
t
11
t
12
19
t
13
t
20
15
t
18
t
14
t
16
t
13
t
18
t
17
1
LDAC ACTIVE DURING BUSY.
2
LDAC ACTIVE AFTER BUSY.
03732-007
Figure 7. Parallel Interface Timing Diagram
Rev. B | Page 12 of 40
Loading...
+ 28 hidden pages
You need points to download manuals.
1 point = 1 manual.
You can buy points or you can get point for every manual you upload.