GEAR TRAIN PARTS ....................................................................................................................................... 96
CASE CLUTCH PARTS .................................................................................................................................... 100
FINAL TRANSMISSION ASSEMBLY PROCESS ................................................................................................ 102
CAUTION: ATSG service manuals are intended for use by professional,
qualified technicians. Attempting repairs or service without the proper
training, tools and equipment could cause injury to you or others and damage
to the vehicle that may cause it not to operate properly.
Beginning at the start of production for the 2000 model year, General Motors introduced two new Allison
automatic transmissions referred to as the 1000 Series and the 2000 Series, for light duty (8600-19850 GVW)
and medium duty (19850-3000 GVW) commercial trucks.
The 1000 and 2000 Series transmissions both have helical cut planetary gear systems to minimize noise
concerns and come in two different gear ratio configurations. The 1000 Series uses closer steps to improve the
shift quality that we now expect from an automatic transmission. The 2000 Series uses wider steps to
accommodate the greater vehicle weights associated with the 2000 Series. The gear ratios for both of the new
units are shown in this Manual.
The 1000 and 2000 Series transmissions have a Park position, Reverse, Neutral and five forward speeds with
5th gear being overdrive, and are completely electronic shift controlled. Notice that the standard General
Motors case connector has been utilized, and the Park/Neutral switch is exactly the same switch used currently
on the THM 4L60-E transmission. Two different bottom pan configurations are also provided to make these
units even more versitile. The 1000 and 2000 Series transmissions utilize five clutch packs (No Bands-No
Freewheels) to obtain the five forward gears and reverse. This manual will cover the dis-assembly, rebuild of all
components and re-assembly of both the 1000 and 2000 Series units.
No part of any ATSG publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or
by any means, including but not limited to electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without written permission of Automatic Transmission Service Group. This includes all text illustrations,
tables and charts.
"Portions of materials contained herein have been reprinted under
license from General Motors Corp, Service & Parts Operations."
The information and part numbers contained in this booklet have
been carefully compiled from industry sources known for their
reliability, but ATSG does not guarantee its accuracy.
X X - X X X XX X - X X X X
X X - X X X XX X - X X X X
X X - X X X XX X - X X X X
UAW
933
Figure 3
TRANSMISSION IDENTIFICATION TAG
Several different transmission configurations are
available within the 1000/2000/2400 Series. The
different models are identified as follows:
1000
Series
2000
Series
2400
Series
Each transmission is identified by a model
designation, group numbers, and serial number. This
information is included on the transmission
identification tag located on the right rear side of the
transmission case, as shown in Figure 3.
Heavy-duty automatic transmission
with parking pawl.
Maximum GVW = 19850 lb.
Heavy-duty automatic transmission
without parking pawl.
Maximum GVW = 30000 lb.
Heavy-duty automatic transmission
with parking pawl.
Maximum GVW = 26000 lb.
This information must be used when discussing
specific service issues, or when parts replacement is
necessary. The transmission identification tag also
includes the date of manufacture, and also the
transmission identification number used with the
diagnostic systems.
Special Note:
Allison Series 1000/2000/2400 transmissions are
designed and manufactured to metric standards, and
metric tools are required for service.
The cooler ports and the main line pressure tap are
the only non-metric fittings on the transmission
case. The output flange/yoke retaining bolt is also
non-metric.
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION SERVICE GROUP
5
Technical Service Information
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
Allison 1000/2000/2400 Series transmissions are
torque converter driven fully automatic units. All
models have neutral, reverse, and up to 5 forward
speeds, with 5th gear being overdrive. Refer to
Figure 2 for the different gears ratios available in the
different models.
The torque converter housings of these units mate
directly to SAE No. 2, SAE No. 3, or direct to the
engine block in some cases. Flexplate drive is used
for all engine to transmission torque transfer.
Several different torque converters are available to
match the transmissions to a wide variety of diesel
and gasoline engines. The torque converter is a single
stage, three element unit, consisting of a pump, stator,
and turbine, with the addition of a converter clutch to
provide direct drive from the engine to the
transmission. The converter clutch is applied and
released electronically, and changes the direction of
fluid flow in the converter as in most typical
converters today.
Internally these units contain 2 rotating clutches (C1
and C2), and 3 brake clutches (C3, C4 and C5), to
direct the flow of torque through the unit. All clutch
packs are hydraulically applied and spring released,
with automatic wear compensation, and their
locations in the transmission are shown in the cutaway in Figure 2.
The Transmission Control Module (TCM) signals
six different solenoids, located on the valve body, to
apply and release clutches based on vehicle speed and
power combinations, and the range selected by the
operator.
The planetary gear train consists of three constant
mesh, helical gear planetary sets, refered to as P1, P2,
and P3. By the engagement of the 5 clutch packs in
various combinations, the planetary gear sets react
singly or together to provide 5 forward speeds,
neutral, and reverse.
A common hydraulic system provides fluid for all
hydraulic operations, lubrication, and cooling. The
front oil pump, driven by the converter, provides the
pressure needed for the hydraulic system, and comes
from the common sump in the bottom pan.
A suction filter, located in the bottom pan provides
general protection to the entire hydraulic system, and
a spin-on filter provides full time protection for the
control solenoids and multipass protection for the
entire system.
The spin-on filter is located externally on the
converter housing at the lower left front of the
transmission.
Some 1000/2000/2400 Series transmissions are
available with an optional extension housing that
accommodates an OEM installed two shoe,
expanding type, drum parking brake.
The 1000/2000/2400 Series transmissions use lever
type shift selectors, as shown in Figure 4. The vehicle
may be equipped with one or two shift selectors,
depending on the number of operator stations for
driving the vehicle and/or operating a variety of
chassis mounted equipment. The shift positions on
the shift selector can vary according to the shift
selector installed in the vehicle.
NOTE: Refer to Figure 5 for the various Shift
Selector positions, and corresponding ranges that
can be attained for all 1000/2000/2400 Series
models.
The electronic control of the transmission is
performed by the Transmission Control Module
(TCM). Transmissin Control Modules are available
in both 12V and 24V configurations, to match the
configuration of the vehicle electrical system.
The TCM, shown in Figure 6, recieves and processes
signals from various switches and sensors. The TCM
determines shift sequences, shift timing, and clutch
apply and release pressures. The TCM uses this
information to control solenoids and valves, supply
system status, and provide diagnostic information for
service technicians.
EXTERNAL COMPONENTS
SPEED SENSORS
The speed sensors are variable reluctance devices
which convert mechanical motion to an AC voltage.
Each sensor consists of a wire coil wrapped around a
pole piece that is adjacent to a permanent magnet.
These elements are contained in a housing which is
mounted adjacent to a rotating ferrous member, such
as a gear tooth. Two signal wires extend from one end
of the housing and an exposed end of the pole piece is
at the opposite end of the housing. As a ferrous object,
such as a gear tooth approaches and passes through
the gap at the end of the pole piece, an AC voltage
pulse is induced in the wire coil. The TCM calculates
the frequency of these AC pulses and converts it to a
speed value. The AC voltage generated varies from
150mV at low speed to 15V at high speed. The signal
wires from the sensor are formed as twisted pairs to
cancel magnetically induced fields. The cable is also
shielded to protect from voltage-related fields. The
typical speed sensor is shown in Figure 7. Noise from
other sources is eliminated by using two-wire
differential inputs at the TCM.
ENGINE SPEED SENSOR
The Engine Speed Sensor is externally mounted in
the torque converter housing, and directed at the ribs
protruding from the torque converter as shown in
Figure 1.
TURBINE SPEED SENSOR
The Turbine Speed Sensor is externally mounted in
the main transmission case, and directed at the tone
wheel or PTO drive gear attached to the C1/C2 clutch
housing as shown in Figure 1.
OUTPUT SPEED SENSOR
The Output Speed Sensor is externally mounted in
the extension housing and directed at the teeth of a
tone wheel splined to and rotating with the output
shaft as shown in Figure 1.
The Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) can be mounted to
the engine, chassis, or transmission. The TPS
contains a pull actuation cable and a potentiometer.
One end of the cable is attached to the throttle lever
and the other end, inside a protective housing, to the
potentiometer. Output voltage from the TPS is
directed to the Transmission Control Module (TCM)
through the external harness. The voltage signal will
vary and indicates the throttle position and in
combination with other input data will determine shift
timing. Refer to the chart provided in Figure 10 for
approximate voltages at various throttle openings. It
is basically the same as most current GM models with
0.5 volts at idle, to 5.0 volts at wide open throttle.
The installation of a transmission mounted Neutral
Start/ Reverse Signal switch is required. This switch
commonly refered to as an "NSBU Switch", mounts
directly onto the transmission case from the outside
and detects the angular position of the manual shift
selector shaft. This position is relayed to the TCM so
that certain vehicle control functions can be
coordinated with the position of the shift controls.
The NSBU Switch has redundant circuitry to alert the
TCM in the event of a single wire or switch failure.
The switch is interfaced to the starter circuit, and the
reverse signal provision may be used to activate
vehicle back-up lights and/or reverse warning
devices.
Refer to Figures 11 and 12.
TRANS ID
Trim Solenoid A (High)
Trim Solenoid A (Low)
Trim Solenoid B (High)
Trim Solenoid B (Low)
C Solenoid Ground (On/Off)
D Solenoid Ground (On/Off)
E Solenoid Ground (On/Off)
F Solenoid Low (PWM)
G Solenoid Low (PWM)(Opt)
C, D, E Solenoid V Supply
F Solenoid High (PWM)
1322313304295286278
Trans-F
Trans-E
Trans-K
NSBU-4A
NSBU-4D
NSBU-4B
NSBU-4C
TPS-B
Trans-G
R Temp-A
ECTS-A
TSS-A
TSS-B
OSS-A
OSS-B
ESS-A
ESS-B
TPS-C
Trans-H, ECTS-A,
Temp-B, NSBU-7D
R-Temp-B, TPS-A
Trans-T
Trans-L
Trans-M
Trans-N
Trans-P
Trans-A
Trans-B
Trans-W
Trans-J
Trans-J
Trans-C
Trans-S
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Gray
Yellow
Pink
Yellow
Gray
Blue
Orange
Green
White
Yellow
Green
Blue
Pink
Orange
Yellow
White
Pink
Green
Tan
Orange
White
Blue
Pink
White
Green
Tan
Pink
Yellow
Red
Blue
Green
Black
14
11
13
151816
21
19
22
20
17
7269
25
23
24
10
12
TCM "J1" (Gray)
Harness Connector
(Face View)
Ignition Power
Battery Power
Ignition Power
Battery Ground
GPI 1
GPI 2
GPI 3
GPI 4
GPI 5
GPI 6
GPI 7
GPI 8
GPI 9
Retarder Mod. Reg. (Opt)
PWM Throttle
Sensor Power
Analog Ground
GPO 1
GPO 2
GPO 3
GPO 4
Range Inhibit Indicator
GPO 6
CHECK TRANS
Vehicle Speed
Vehicle Speed
Digital Ground
CAN High
ISO 9141
CAN Shield
CAN Low
1322313304295286278
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
RMR-B
Vehicle System
RMR-C
RMR-A
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Vehicle System
Transmission Pressure Switch, Reverse Circuit High
Trim Solenoid "A" Controlled Clutch Not Engaged
Trim Solenoid "B" Controlled Clutch Not Engaged
Trim Solenoid "A" Controlled Clutch Not Engaged
Trim Solenoid "B" Controlled Clutch Not Engaged
Shift Solenoid "D" Controlled Clutch Not Engaged
Shift Solenoid "E" Controlled Clutch Not Engaged
TCM Supply Voltage
Engine Torque Delivered to TCMP1779NO
Kickdown Circuit
TCC (PWM) Solenoid Circuit-Electrical
Throttle Position Sensor Clutch PWM Signal Low Input
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
P1892
U1016
U1300
U1301
U2105
Throttle Position Sensor Clutch PWM Signal High Input
Several components of the 1000/2000/2400 Series
electrical control system are located inside of the
transmission as part of the main control valve body.
These components include three different types of
solenoids for controlling the hydraulic action of the
valves in the valve body, and the pressure switch
assembly. An internal wiring harness and case
connector assembly links the internal components
with the Transmission Control Module.
SOLENOIDS
The 1000/2000/2400 Series solenoid locations are
shown in Figure 17. The solenoids may be normally
closed or normally open. A normally closed solenoid
remains closed until a signal from the TCM energizes
the solenoid. A normally open solenoid remains open
until the TCM energizes the solenoid.
TCC (PWM) Solenoid F - This solenoid a normally
closed, pulse width modulated, and operates at a
frequency of 100 Hz (cycles per second) during a
shift. The percentage of time the voltage is ON
during each 100th of a second is called the solenoid
duty cycle.
INTERNAL WIRING HARNESS ASSEMBLY
A 100 percent duty cycle indicates a maximum signal
to the solenoid. A zero percent duty signal indicates a
minimum or no signal to the solenoid. The TCM,
using pulse width modulation programming, varies
the percentage of voltage ON time during a cycle. As
the pulse width, or duty cycle is increased, the
solenoid is ON longer.
Shift Solenoids C, D, E - Shift Solenoids C, D, & E
are normally closed solenoids that provide the
necessary logic to distribute fluid to the correct clutch
packs in the transmission. The shift solenoids provide
either full control line pressure, or exhaust, to the
lands of each of the corresponding Shift V alves C, D,
and E. Shift Solenoids C, D, and E may operate in the
open or closed state with no modulation capability at
all.
Trim Solenoids A and B - Trim Solenoid A and B are
used to control oncoming, off-going, and holding
pressure to the five clutch packs. These solenoids are
reffered to as Pressure Proportional to Current (PPC)
solenoids, since the output hydraulic pressure
supplied by these solenoids is proportional to the
current commanded. Trim Solenoids A and B operate
using a frequency of 1000 Hz. The current causes a
force on the armature and shaft assembly, which is
balanced by fluid pressure acting on the end of the
shaft. The trim solenoids operate using battery
voltage. Trim Solenoid A is a Normally Closed
solenoid, providing 86 psi (590 kpa) at zero current,
and no trim pressure at full current. Trim Solenoid A
allows for limp-home capability in the event of a
power or TCM failure. Trim Solenoid B is a
Normally Open solenoid, and prrovides zero pressure
at zero current.
The Internal Wiring Harness Assembly connects the
shift solenoids, clutch trim solenoids, torque
converter clutch solenoid, pressure switch assembly
and temperature sensor to the external harness that
leads to the Transmission Control Module. Refer to
Figure 18 and 19. Figure 20 on Page 18 gives you an
internal wire schematic for all of the internal
components, and pin identification for the external
transmission case connector
The Pressure Switch Assembly (PSA) is made up of
three normally open switches and one normally
closed switch. There are also 2 additional switches in
the PSA that are not used. All switches and their
locations are identified in Figure 22. Fluid pressure is
fed from shift valves C, D, and E to C, D, and E
switches, and from the manual valve to the reverse
switch. This logic indicates the current transmission
operating range to the TCM.
The three pressure switches corresponding to the
shift valves are normally open (N/O) when there is no
pressure to the switch, so that electrical current is
stopped at the switch. When pressure is routed to the
switch from the shift valves, the switch closes and
allows current to flow from the positive contact and
through the switch. Refer to Figure 24.
The pressure switch corresponding to reverse is a
normally closed (N/C) switch, and pressure is fed to
the switch when the transmission is placed into the
reverse position.
The Pressure Switch Assembly also contains the
temperature sensor (thermister) to notify the TCM of
the current sump temperature. Changes in fluid
temperature are indicated by changes in sensor
resistance. Increasing temperature will create
decreased sensor resistance.
The PSA terminal identification and functions are
illustrated in Figure 23 to assist in switch diagnosis.
There is also a complete wiring schematic from the
Pressure Switch Assembly through the transmission
case connector and to the TCM shown in Figure 24.
We have also provided a pressure switch logic state
chart in Figure 25.
The electronic control system is programmed to
inform the operator of any type problem with the
transmission system and automatically take action to
protect the operator, vehicle and transmission. To do
this, the TCM turns on the Check Trans light on the
instrument panel, which will notify the operator that a
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) has been stored in
the TCMs memory.
Each time the engine is started, the Check Trans
light will illuminate momentarily and then go off after
a few seconds. This momentary lighting is to ensure
that the Check Trans light circuit is working properly.
Illumination of the Check Trans light at any time after
start-up, indicates that the TCM has stored a DTC, or
the TCM is not working properly. Anytime the Check Trans light is on, upshifts and downshifts will be
restricted and direction changes may not occur. The
converter clutch is also shut off when transmission
shifting is restricted.
If power is interrupted while the transmission is
operating in a forward range, the default positions of
the shift valves and solenoids will enable application
of two clutches to maintain forward range operation
(Either 3 or 5th). If power is interrupted while the
transmission is operating in R(Reverse) or
N(Neutral), the transmission defaults to or continues
Neutral operation untill a key cycle.
The operator may turn off and restart the engine,
and the manual selector lever will provide reverse
when in R, Neutral when in P/N, and 3rd Gear when
in any forward range, regardless of the range where
the failure occured.
RETRIEVING DIAGNOSTIC CODES
Currently you must use PC Tool Software called
TransPro® which is available through Kent-Moore
Heavy-Duty Division, and must be loaded onto a
Windows 95/98 Lap-T op PC as shown in Figure 26.
The TransPro® software transmits and recieves data
to and from the TCM via the J-1939 connector, as
shown in Figure 26, processes the data, and displays
the appropriate information on the screen.
The use of TransPro® is describeded in detail in the
instruction manual that is furnished with each set of
software. We have provided you with a typical
screen, that is utilized in the TransPro® software, for
retrieving DTCs in Figure 27.
Hopefully aftermarket scanner manufacturers will
be able to provide us with a cartridge for the more
popular scanners in the future.
P0713 Trans Fluid Temp Sensor Circuit High InputYY
P0722 Output Speed Sensor Circuit No Signal
P0748 Pressure Control Trim Solenoid A Electrical
P0763 Shift Solenoid C Electrical
fluid level and pressure checks must be made at
normal operating temperatures (160-200°F).
Connect a 0-300 psi oil pressure guage to the main
pressure tap as illustrated in Figure 28, and compare
readings with the pressure chart in Figure 28.
Take precautions against vehicle movement during
the pressure tests, and use a guage with an extended
line so that it can be read from inside the vehicle.
Range
PARK/NEUTRAL
REVERSE
FORWARD (TCC Off)
FORWARD (TCC On)