Agilent Technologies 83430, 90011 User Manual

Agilent 83430A Lightwave Transmitter User’s Guide

Agilent Part No. 83430-90011 Printed in USA February 2000

Agilent Technologies Lightwave Division 1400 Fountaingrove Parkway Santa Rosa, CA 95403-1799, USA (707) 577-1400

Notice.

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Companies, names, and data used in examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Restricted Rights Legend.

Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 for DOD agencies, and subparagraphs (c) (1) and (c) (2) of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-19 for other agencies.

Warranty.

This Agilent Technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in

material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment. During the warranty period, Agilent Technologies will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Agilent Technologies. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent Technologies and Agilent Technologies shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Agilent Technologies from another country.

Agilent Technologies warrants that its software and firmware designated by Agilent Technologies for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument. Agilent Technologies does not warrant that the operation of the instrument, or software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or errorfree.

Limitation of Warranty.

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyersupplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.

No other warranty is expressed or implied. Agilent Technologies specifically disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.

Exclusive Remedies.

The remedies provided herein are buyer's sole and exclusive remedies. Agilent Technolo-

gies shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether based on contract, tort, or any other legal theory.

Safety Symbols.

CAUTION

The

caution

sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of the product. Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

WAR NING

The

warning

sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

The instruction manual symbol. The product is marked with this warning symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the manual.

The laser radiation symbol. This warning symbol is marked on products which have a laser output.

The AC symbol is used to indicate the required nature of the line module input power.

The ON symbols are

used to mark the positions of the instrument power line switch.

The OFF symbols

❍

are used to mark the positions of the instrument power line switch.

The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community.

The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association.

The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Spectrum Management Agency.

This text denotes the

ISM1-A

instrument is an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product.

Typographical Conventions.

The following conventions are used in this book:

Key type

for keys or text located on the keyboard or instrument.

Softkey type

for key names that are displayed on the instrument’s screen.

Display type

for words or characters displayed on the computer’s screen or instrument’s display.

User type

for words or charac-

ters that you type or enter.

Emphasis

type for words or characters that emphasize some point or that are used as place holders for text that you type.

The Agilent 83430A—At a Glance

The Agilent 83430A lightwave transmitter is a directly modulated DFB laser source for digital and analog testing up to 2.5 Gb/s. Designed for evaluating the performance of high-speed TDM (time division multiplexed) and WDM (wavelength division multiplexed) optical receivers and systems, it is SDH/SONET compliant.

User Adjustable Features

The Agilent 83430A offers several user adjustable features:

• Digital input threshold — to obtain desired symmetry of optical one and zero levels

• Wavelength — select a preset or tune to a specific value within ±1.25 nm of center

• Extinction ratio — to simulate a wide range of optical signals

iii

The Agilent 83430A—At a Glance

Test Capabilities in Systems

The Agilent 83430A can be used as a general optical source or combined with other instrumentation in systems to make a variety of measurements.

• Optical parametric tests — optical receiver sensitivity, dispersion power penalty of single-mode fiber (with an Agilent 71603A error performance analyzer and Agilent 83446A lightwave clock/data receiver).

• Transceiver waveform testing — including filtered conformance mask testing, extinction ratio, and eye diagram measurements (with an Agilent 83480A digital communications analyzer).

• Jitter tolerance of recovered clock and data — to determine the ability of a receiver to maintain communication in the presence of jitter (with an Agilent 71501C jitter and eye-diagram analyzer).

• Performance testing for WDM optical MUX/DEMUX channels — including BER and system variations caused by cross-phase modulation and Raman effect (with an Agilent 83446A lightwave clock/data receiver, Agilent 71603B error performance analyzer, and Agilent 86120B multiwavelength meter).

For setup and procedures for these and other measurements, see Chapter 2,

“Making Measurements”.

Measurement accuracy—it’s up to you!

Fiber-optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or damaged cables and accessories. The Agilent 83430A’s front-panel OPTICAL OUT connector is no exception. When you use improper cleaning and handling techniques, you risk expensive instrument repairs, damaged cables, and compromised measurements.

Before you connect any fiber-optic cable to the Agilent 83430A, refer to “Cleaning Con-

nections for Accurate Measurements” on page 2-9.

The Agilent 83430A—At a Glance

Laser classification

The Agilent 83430A is classified as an IEC LASER Class 1. The total power of light energy radiated out of the OPTICAL OUT connector is no greater than +8.1 dBm (6.5 mW). Operator maintenance or precautions are not necessary to maintain safety. No operator accessible controls, adjustments, or performance of procedures result in hazardous radiation exposure.

General Safety Considerations

This product has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication 61010-1, Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation contains information and warnings that must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the product in a safe condition.

WARNING

If this instrument is not used as specified, the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired. This instrument must be used in a normal condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.

To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the Agilent 83430A from mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.

This is a Safety Class 1 product (provided with a protective earthing ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the product is likely to make the product dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers.

For continued protection against fire hazard, replace line fuse only with same type and ratings, (type T 0.315A/250V for 100/120V operation and 0.16A/250V for 220/240V operation). The use of other fuses or materials is prohibited. Verify that the value of the linevoltage fuse is correct.

• For 100/120V operation, use an IEC 127 5×20 mm, 0.315 A, 250 V, Agilent part number 2110-0449.

• For 220/240V operation, use an IEC 127 5×20 mm, 0.16 A, 250 V, Agilent Technologies part number 2110-0448.

General Safety Considerations

CAUTION

Before switching on this instrument, make sure that the line voltage selector switch is set to the line voltage of the power supply and the correct fuse is installed. Assure the supply voltage is in the specified range.

This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution Degree 2 per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively.

VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS: When installing the product in a cabinet, the convection into and out of the product must not be restricted. The ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating temperature of the product by 4°C for every 100 watts dissipated in the cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts, then forced convection must be used.

Always use the three-prong ac power cord supplied with this instrument. Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause instrument damage.

Do not

connect ac power until you have verified the line voltage is correct, refer

to “Line Power Requirements” on page 1-8. Damage to the equipment could

result.

This instrument has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage is within the specified range.

vii

The Agilent 83430A—At a Glance iii

1 Getting Started

Step 1. Inspect the Shipment 1-4 Step 2. Check the Fuse 1-6 Step 3. Connect the Line-Power Cable 1-8 Step 4. Turn on the Agilent 83430A 1-10 Returning the Instrument for Service 1-11

2 Making Measurements

Using the Agilent 83430A 2-3 Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements 2-9

3 Specifications and Regulatory Information

Specifications 3-3 Regulatory Information 3-6

4 Reference

Options 4-2 Front-Panel Fiber-Optic Adapters 4-4 Power Cords 4-5 Agilent Technologies Service Offices 4-6

5Servicing

General Information 5-4 Electrostatic Discharge Information 5-7 Troubleshooting 5-9 Performance Tests 5-13 Adjustment Procedures 5-36

Contents-1

Step 1. Inspect the Shipment 1-4 Step 2. Check the Fuse 1-6 Step 3. Connect the Line-Power Cable 1-8 Step 4. Turn on the Agilent 83430A 1-10 Returning the Instrument for Service 1-11

Getting Started

The instructions in this chapter show you how to install your Agilent 83430A. You should be able to finish these procedures in about ten to twenty minutes. After you’ve completed this chapter, continue with Chapter 2, “Making Mea-

surements”. Refer to Chapter 3, “Specifications and Regulatory Information”

for information on operating conditions such as temperature.

WARNING

CAUTION

To prevent electric shock, disconnect the Agilent 83430A from mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.

This product has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage is within the specified range.

This product is designed for use in INSTALLATION CATEGORY II and POLLUTION DEGREE 2, per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively.

1-2

Getting Started

Measurement accuracy—it’s up to you!

Fiber-optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or damaged cables and accessories. The Agilent 83430A’s front-panel OPTICAL OUT connector is no excep- tion. When you use improper cleaning and handling techniques, you risk expensive instrument repairs, damaged cables, and compromised measurements.

Before you connect any fiber-optic cable to the Agilent 83430A, refer to “Cleaning Con-

nections for Accurate Measurements” on page 2-9.

1-3

Getting Started

Step 1. Inspect the Shipment

Verify that all components ordered have arrived by comparing the shipping forms to the original purchase order. Inspect all shipping containers.

If your shipment is damaged or incomplete, save the packing materials and notify both the shipping carrier and the nearest Agilent Technologies service office. Agilent Technologies will arrange for repair or replacement of damaged or incomplete shipments without waiting for a settlement from the transportation company. Notify the Agilent Technologies customer engineer of any problems.

Make sure that the serial number and options listed on the instrument’s rear- panel label match the serial number and options listed on the shipping document. The following figure shows the position of the rear-panel serial number label:

1-4

Getting Started

Step 1. Inspect the Shipment

1-5

Getting Started

Step 2. Check the Fuse

CAUTION

Before connecting the lightwave receiver to the power source, you must set the rear-panel voltage selector correctly to adapt the lightwave receiver to the power source. An improper selector setting can damage the Agilent 83430A when it is turned on.

Locate the line-input connector on the instrument’s rear panel.

Disconnect the line-power cable if it is connected.

Use a small flat-blade screwdriver to pry open the fuse holder door.

You must remove the voltage tumbler to change the voltage selector. Rotating the voltage tumbler while it is in the line module damages the line module.

Remove the voltage tumbler, and replace the tumbler so that the desired line voltage value shows through the small opening in the fuse holder door.

The fuse is housed in a small container next to the voltage tumbler. Insert the tip of a screwdriver on the side of the container and gently pull outward to remove the container.

A spare fuse is stored below the line fuse.

1-6

Getting Started

Step 2. Check the Fuse

Verify that the value of the line-voltage fuse is correct.

• For 100/120V operation, use an IEC 127 5×20 mm, 0.315 A, 250 V, Agilent

part number 2110-0449.

• For 220/240V operation, use an IEC 127 5×20 mm, 0.16 A, 250 V, Agilent part

number 2110-0448.

WARNING

1-7

Getting Started

Step 3. Connect the Line-Power Cable

CAUTION

Always use the three-prong AC power cord supplied with this instrument. Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause instrument damage.

not

connect ac power until you have verified the line voltage is correct as

described in the following paragraphs. Damage to the equipment could result.

This instrument has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage is within the specified range.

Verify that the line power meets the requirements shown in the following table.

Line Power Requirements

Power 115 VAC: 50 WATTS MAX

230 VAC: 50 WATTS MAX

Voltage nominal: 115 VAC range:90–132 V

nominal:230 VACrange:98–254 V

Frequency nominal: 50 Hz/60 Hzrange: 47–63 Hz

Connect the line-power cord to the instrument’s rear-panel connector.

1-8

Getting Started

Step 3. Connect the Line-Power Cable

Connect the other end of the line-power cord to the power receptacle.

Various power cables are available to connect the Agilent 83430A to ac power outlets unique to specific geographic areas. The cable appropriate for the area to which the Agilent 83430A is originally shipped is included with the unit. You can order additional ac power cables for use in different geographic areas.

Refer to “Power Cords” on page 4-5.

1-9

Getting Started

Step 4. Turn on the Agilent 83430A

• Press the front-panel

The front-panel ply after the EMC filters and before other parts of the instrument.

If the Agilent 83430A fails to turn on properly, consider the following possibilities:

❒

Is the line fuse good?

❒

Does the line socket have power?

❒

Is it plugged into the proper ac power source?

If the instrument still fails, return it to Agilent Technologies for repair. Refer to

“Returning the Instrument for Service” on page 1-11.

LINE

key.

LINE

switch disconnects the mains circuits from the mains sup-

1-10

Getting Started

Returning the Instrument for Service

The instructions in this section show you how to properly return the instrument for repair or calibration. Always call the Agilent Technologies Instrument Support Center first to initiate service service office. This ensures that the repair (or calibration) can be properly tracked and that your instrument will be returned to you as quickly as possible. Call this number regardless of where you are located. Refer to “Agilent

Technologies Service Offices” on page 4-6 for a list of service offices.

Agilent Technologies Instrument Support Center. . . . . . . . . . . (800) 403-0801

If the instrument is still under warranty or is covered by an Agilent Technologies maintenance contract, it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or contract (the warranty is at the front of this manual). If the instrument is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an Agilent Technologies maintenance plan, Agilent Technologies will notify you of the cost of the repair after examining the unit.

When an instrument is returned to a Agilent Technologies service office for servicing, it must be adequately packaged and have a complete description of the failure symptoms attached. When describing the failure, please be as specific as possible about the nature of the problem. Include copies of additional failure information (such as the instrument failure settings, data related to instrument failure, and error messages) along with the instrument being returned.

before

returning your instrument to a

Preparing the instrument for shipping

Write a complete description of the failure and attach it to the instrument. Include any specific performance details related to the problem. The following

1-11

Getting Started

Returning the Instrument for Service

information should be returned with the instrument.

• Type of service required.

• Date instrument was returned for repair.

• Description of the problem:

• Whether problem is constant or intermittent.

• Whether instrument is temperature-sensitive.

• Whether instrument is vibration-sensitive.

• Instrument settings required to reproduce the problem.

• Performance data.

• Company name and return address.

• Name and phone number of technical contact person.

• Model number of returned instrument.

• Full serial number of returned instrument.

• List of any accessories returned with instrument.

Cover all front or rear-panel connectors that were originally covered when you first received the instrument.

CAUTION

Cover electrical connectors to protect sensitive components from electrostatic damage. Cover optical connectors to protect them from damage due to physical contact or dust.

Instrument damage can result from using packaging materials other than the original materials. Never use styrene pellets as packaging material. They do not adequately cushion the instrument or prevent it from shifting in the carton. They may also cause instrument damage by generating static electricity.

Pack the instrument in the original shipping containers. Original materials are available through any Agilent Technologies office. Or, use the following guidelines:

• Wrap the instrument in antistatic plastic to reduce the possibility of damage caused by electrostatic discharge.

• For instruments weighing less than 54 kg (120 lb), use a double-walled, corrugated cardboard carton of 159 kg (350 lb) test strength.

• The carton must be large enough to allow approximately 7 cm (3 inches) on all sides of the instrument for packing material, and strong enough to accommodate the weight of the instrument.

• Surround the equipment with approximately 7 cm (3 inches) of packing material, to protect the instrument and prevent it from moving in the carton. If packing foam is not available, the best alternative is S.D-240 Air Cap™ from

1-12

Returning the Instrument for Service

Sealed Air Corporation (Commerce, California 90001). Air Cap looks like a plastic sheet filled with air bubbles. Use the pink (antistatic) Air Cap™ to reduce static electricity. Wrapping the instrument several times in this material will protect the instrument and prevent it from moving in the carton.

Seal the carton with strong nylon adhesive tape.

Mark the carton “FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE”.

Retain copies of all shipping papers.

Getting Started

1-13

Using the Agilent 83430A 2-3

Front-panel Features 2-3 Example Uses 2-5

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements 2-9

Making Measurements

In this chapter, you’ll find examples of making measurements using the Agilent 83430A.

The last section of this chapter explains how to maintain top performance of your instrument by using proper handling and cleaning techniques. Be sure to read this section before using your Agilent 83430A.

2-2

Making Measurements

Using the Agilent 83430A

Front-panel Features

The following paragraphs describe the Agilent 83430A front-panel features.

LINE

key Disconnects the mains circuit from the mains

supply after the EMC filters and before other parts of the instrument.

SELECT

button Selects between three modulation inputs:

DIGITAL THRESHOLD

ANALOG IN (AC COUPLED)

Modulation input for analog signals. BNC con-

TAL IN DC COUPLED

indicate which input is selected.

Adjusts level of ECL input required for triggering

the on state.

nector.

. Front panel lights come on to

ANA-

2-3

Making Measurements

Using the Agilent 83430A

DIGITAL IN (AC COUPLED)

DIGITAL IN (DC COUPLED)

WAVELENGTH ADJUST

PRESET/VARIABLE

BIAS ADJUST

OPTICAL OUT

knob Allows you to adjust the laser’s output amplitude

connector This connector provides the instrument’s laser

knob Allows you to adjust the laser’s wavelength when

button Toggles between preset laser wavelength or

Modulation input for digital signals. The input is AC coupled. BNC connector.

Modulation input for analog signals. This input is DC coupled. BNC connector.

the variable mode is activated. Press the

VARIABLE

button so that the front-panel light

PRESET/

turns on.

amplitude settings. (Light turns on to indicate you can adjust the setting using the knob.).

when variable mode is activated. Press the

SET/VARIABLE

button so that the front-panel light

PRE-

turns on.

output. A universal adapter is used that can be removed and replaced with different adapters as needed (refer to “Front-Panel Fiber-Optic

Adapters” on page 4-4).

2-4

Making Measurements

Using the Agilent 83430A

Example Uses

Testing optical receiver sensitivity

You can use the Agilent 83430A to measure the minimum sensitivity of an optical receiver. The following figure shows one possible test setup which uses the following equipment:

• Agilent 83430A

• Agilent 71603B error performance analyzer

• Agilent 8156A Option 121 high performance optical attenuator with optical

monitor output

• Agilent 8153A optical power meter

The bit error rate (BER) is monitored as the power to the optical receiver is reduced. The minimum sensitivity limit is found when the BER increases to some pre-determined level above which the receiver performance is unacceptable. Because the Agilent 83430A is a SDH/SONET compliant transmitter in its preset state, the measured BER performance (1 × 10

–10

for SDH/ SONET

system) determines the sensitivity limits of the optical receiver.

The following figure shows the sensitivity of the Agilent 83446A/B lightwave clock/data receiver as the optical receiver under test.

2-5

Making Measurements

Using the Agilent 83430A

2-6

Making Measurements

Using the Agilent 83430A

Testing dispersion power penalty

Signal degradation due to fiber dispersion can have a major impact on the maximum distance over which optical data can reliably be sent. The dispersion power penalty of single-mode fiber can be tested with the measurement setup shown in the following figure. The following equipment is used:

• Agilent 83430A

• Agilent 8153A optical power meter

• Agilent 11890A Option H01 optical coupler

• Agilent 8156A variable optical attenuator

• Agilent 71603B error performance analyzer

The system is first tested with a 1 meter length of fiber. Use the attenuator to adjust the received power until the desired BER is measured. Substitute a long length of fiber for the 1 meter fiber and adjust the attenuator to achieve the desired BER. The difference in received power is the dispersion power penalty. The Agilent 83430A can be used as a reference source to isolate system component causes of undesired dispersion power penalty results.

The Agilent 83430A is an excellent choice for this measurement because it has a very narrow modulated spectral width (low chirp) and meets the SDH/ SONET dispersion power penalty requirement at 1200 ps/nm fiber dispersion. Lower dispersion power penalty lasers are available as special options.

2-7

Making Measurements

Using the Agilent 83430A

Testing jitter tolerance

High-speed digital receivers are often required to receive or regenerate data using a clock signal that is recovered or extracted from the data waveform. Variation in the data rate, commonly known as jitter, can complicate the clock recovery and data regeneration process. A jitter tolerance test determines the ability of a receiver to maintain communication in the presence of jitter. The jitter tolerance test determines the actual levels at which the DUT can no longer maintain the desired BER. The Agilent 83430A and an Agilent 71501C jitter tolerance system can be used to test jitter tolerance. The following figure shows a test setup for using the Agilent 83430A and 71501C to test for jitter tolerance.

A BER measurement of the receiver under test is made with jitter-free data. Attenuate the signal power until errors occur or until a specific BER is achieved. Reduce the attenuation by 1 dB. Apply jitter to the clock signal going to the pattern generator. The recovered clock and data from the receiver under test is routed to the error detector where the BER measurement is performed. The Agilent 71501C compares the results of the BER test to the user-defined level to determine the pass/fail status.

2-8

Making Measurements

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

Today, advances in measurement capabilities make connectors and connection techniques more important than ever. Damage to the connectors on calibration and verification devices, test ports, cables, and other devices can degrade measurement accuracy and damage instruments. Replacing a damaged connector can cost thousands of dollars, not to mention lost time! This expense can be avoided by observing the simple precautions presented in this book. This book also contains a brief list of tips for caring for electrical connectors.

Choosing the Right Connector

A critical but often overlooked factor in making a good lightwave measurement is the selection of the fiber-optic connector. The differences in connector types are mainly in the mechanical assembly that holds the ferrule in position against another identical ferrule. Connectors also vary in the polish, curve, and concentricity of the core within the cladding. Mating one style of cable to another requires an adapter. Agilent Technologies offers adapters for most instruments to allow testing with many different cables. Figure 2-1 on

page 2-10 shows the basic components of a typical connectors.

The system tolerance for reflection and insertion loss must be known when selecting a connector from the wide variety of currently available connectors. Some items to consider when selecting a connector are:

• How much insertion loss can be allowed?

• Will the connector need to make multiple connections? Some connectors are

better than others, and some are very poor for making repeated connections.

• What is the reflection tolerance? Can the system take reflection degradation?

• Is an instrument-grade connector with a precision core alignment required?

• Is repeatability tolerance for reflection and loss important? Do your specifica-

2-9

Making Measurements

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

tions take repeatability uncertainty into account?

• Will a connector degrade the return loss too much, or will a fusion splice be required? For example, many DFB lasers cannot operate with reflections from connectors. Often as much as 90 dB isolation is needed.

Figure 2-1. Basic components of a connector.

Over the last few years, the FC/PC style connector has emerged as the most popular connector for fiber-optic applications. While not the highest performing connector, it represents a good compromise between performance, reliability, and cost. If properly maintained and cleaned, this connector can withstand many repeated connections.

However, many instrument specifications require tighter tolerances than most connectors, including the FC/PC style, can deliver. These instruments cannot tolerate connectors with the large non-concentricities of the fiber common with ceramic style ferrules. When tighter alignment is required, Agilent Technologies instruments typically use a connector such as the Diamond HMS-10, which has concentric tolerances within a few tenths of a micron. Agilent Technologies then uses a special universal adapter, which allows other cable types to mate with this precision connector. See Figure 2-2.

2-10

Making Measurements

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

Figure 2-2. Universal adapters to Diamond HMS-10.

The HMS-10 encases the fiber within a soft nickel silver (Cu/Ni/Zn) center which is surrounded by a tough tungsten carbide casing, as shown in

Figure 2-3.

Figure 2-3. Cross-section of the Diamond HMS-10 connector.

The nickel silver allows an active centering process that permits the glass fiber to be moved to the desired position. This process first stakes the soft nickel silver to fix the fiber in a near-center location, then uses a post-active staking to shift the fiber into the desired position within 0.2µm. This process, plus the keyed axis, allows very precise core-to-core alignments. This connector is found on most Agilent Technologies lightwave instruments.

2-11

Making Measurements

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

The soft core, while allowing precise centering, is also the chief liability of the connector. The soft material is easily damaged. Care must be taken to minimize excessive scratching and wear. While minor wear is not a problem if the glass face is not affected, scratches or grit can cause the glass fiber to move out of alignment. Also, if unkeyed connectors are used, the nickel silver can be pushed onto the glass surface. Scratches, fiber movement, or glass contamination will cause loss of signal and increased reflections, resulting in poor return loss.

Inspecting Connectors

Because fiber-optic connectors are susceptible to damage that is not immediately obvious to the naked eye, poor measurements result without the user being aware. Microscopic examination and return loss measurements are the best way to ensure good measurements. Good cleaning practices can help ensure that optimum connector performance is maintained. With glass-toglass interfaces, any degradation of a ferrule or the end of the fiber, any stray particles, or finger oil can have a significant effect on connector performance. Where many repeat connections are required, use of a connector saver or patch cable is recommended.

Figure 2-4 shows the end of a clean fiber-optic cable. The dark circle in the

center of the micrograph is the fiber’s 125 µm core and cladding which carries the light. The surrounding area is the soft nickel-silver ferrule. Figure 2-5 shows a dirty fiber end from neglect or perhaps improper cleaning. Material is smeared and ground into the end of the fiber causing light scattering and poor reflection. Not only is the precision polish lost, but this action can grind off the glass face and destroy the connector.

Figure 2-6 shows physical damage to the glass fiber end caused by either

repeated connections made without removing loose particles or using improper cleaning tools. When severe, the damage of one connector end can be transferred to another good connector endface that comes in contact with the damaged one. Periodic checks of fiber ends, and replacing connecting cables after many connections is a wise practice.

The cure for these problems is disciplined connector care as described in the following list and in “Cleaning Connectors” on page 2-16.

2-12

Making Measurements

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

Use the following guidelines to achieve the best possible performance when making measurements on a fiber-optic system:

• Never use metal or sharp objects to clean a connector and never scrape the connector.

• Avoid matching gel and oils.

Figure 2-4. Clean, problem-free fiber end and ferrule.

Figure 2-5. Dirty fiber end and ferrule from poor cleaning.

2-13

Making Measurements

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

Figure 2-6. Damage from improper cleaning.

While these often work well on first insertion, they are great dirt magnets. The oil or gel grabs and holds grit that is then ground into the end of the fiber. Also, some early gels were designed for use with the FC, non-contacting connectors, using small glass spheres. When used with contacting connectors, these glass balls can scratch and pit the fiber. If an index matching gel or oil must be used, apply it to a freshly cleaned connector, make the measurement, and then immediately clean it off. Never use a gel for longer-term connections and never use it to improve a damaged connector. The gel can mask the extent of damage and continued use of a damaged fiber can transfer damage to the instrument.

• When inserting a fiber-optic cable into a connector, gently insert it in as straight a line as possible. Tipping and inserting at an angle can scrape material off the inside of the connector or even break the inside sleeve of connectors made with ceramic material.

• When inserting a fiber-optic connector into a connector, make sure that the fiber end does not touch the outside of the mating connector or adapter.

• Avoid over tightening connections.

Unlike common electrical connections, tighter is

not

better. The purpose of the connector is to bring two fiber ends together. Once they touch, tightening only causes a greater force to be applied to the delicate fibers. With connectors that have a convex fiber end, the end can be pushed off-axis resulting in misalignment and excessive return loss. Many measurements are actually improved by backing off the connector pressure. Also, if a piece of grit does happen to get by the cleaning procedure, the tighter connection is more likely to damage the glass. Tighten the connectors just until the two fibers touch.

2-14

Making Measurements

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

• Keep connectors covered when not in use.

• Use fusion splices on the more permanent critical nodes. Choose the best con-

nector possible. Replace connecting cables regularly. Frequently measure the return loss of the connector to check for degradation, and clean every connector, every time.

All connectors should be treated like the high-quality lens of a good camera. The weak link in instrument and system reliability is often the inappropriate use and care of the connector. Because current connectors are so easy to use, there tends to be reduced vigilance in connector care and cleaning. It takes only one missed cleaning for a piece of grit to permanently damage the glass and ruin the connector.

Measuring insertion loss and return loss

Consistent measurements with your lightwave equipment are a good indication that you have good connections. Since return loss and insertion loss are key factors in determining optical connector performance they can be used to determine connector degradation. A smooth, polished fiber end should produce a good return-loss measurement. The quality of the polish establishes the difference between the “PC” (physical contact) and the “Super PC” connectors. Most connectors today are physical contact which make glass-to-glass connections, therefore it is critical that the area around the glass core be clean and free of scratches. Although the major area of a connector, excluding the glass, may show scratches and wear, if the glass has maintained its polished smoothness, the connector can still provide a good low level return loss connection.

If you test your cables and accessories for insertion loss and return loss upon receipt, and retain the measured data for comparison, you will be able to tell in the future if any degradation has occurred. Typical values are less than 0.5 dB of loss, and sometimes as little as 0.1 dB of loss with high performance connectors. Return loss is a measure of reflection: the less reflection the better (the larger the return loss, the smaller the reflection). The best physically contacting connectors have return losses better than 50 dB, although 30 to 40 dB is more common.

2-15

Making Measurements

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

Visual inspection of fiber ends

Visual inspection of fiber ends can be helpful. Contamination or imperfections on the cable end face can be detected as well as cracks or chips in the fiber itself. Use a microscope (100X to 200X magnification) to inspect the entire end face for contamination, raised metal, or dents in the metal as well as any other imperfections. Inspect the fiber for cracks and chips. Visible imperfections not touching the fiber core may not affect performance (unless the imperfections keep the fibers from contacting).

WARNING

CAUTION

Always remove both ends of fiber-optic cables from any instrument, system, or device before visually inspecting the fiber ends. Disable all optical sources before disconnecting fiber-optic cables. Failure to do so may result in permanent injury to your eyes.

Cleaning Connectors

The procedures in this section provide the proper steps for cleaning fiberoptic cables and Agilent Technologies universal adapters. The initial cleaning, using the alcohol as a solvent, gently removes any grit and oil. If a caked-on layer of material is still present, (this can happen if the beryllium-copper sides of the ferrule retainer get scraped and deposited on the end of the fiber during insertion of the cable), a second cleaning should be performed. It is not uncommon for a cable or connector to require more than one cleaning.

Agilent Technologies strongly recommends that index matching compounds

not

be applied to their instruments and accessories. Some compounds, such as gels, may be difficult to remove and can contain damaging particulates. If you think the use of such compounds is necessary, refer to the compound manufacturer for information on application and cleaning procedures.

Table 2-1. Cleaning Accessories

Item Agilent Part Number

Pure isoporpyl alcohol —

Cotton swabs 8520-0023

Small foam swabs 9300-1223

Compressed dust remover (non-residue) 8500-5262

2-16

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

Table 2-2. Dust Caps Provided with Lightwave Instruments

Item Agilent Part Number

Laser shutter cap 08145-64521

FC/PC dust cap 08154-44102

Biconic dust cap 08154-44105

DIN dust cap 5040-9364

HMS10/dust cap 5040-9361

ST dust cap 5040-9366

To clean a non-lensed connector

Making Measurements

CAUTION

Do not use any type of foam swab to clean optical fiber ends. Foam swabs can leave filmy deposits on fiber ends that can degrade performance.

Apply pure isopropyl alcohol to a clean lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.

Cotton swabs can be used as long as no cotton fibers remain on the fiber end after cleaning.

Clean the ferrules and other parts of the connector while avoiding the end of the fiber.

Apply isopropyl alcohol to a new clean lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.

Clean the fiber end with the swab or lens paper.

not

scrub during this initial cleaning because grit can be caught in the

swab and become a gouging element.

Immediately dry the fiber end with a clean, dry, lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.

Blow across the connector end face from a distance of 6 to 8 inches using filtered, dry, compressed air. Aim the compressed air at a shallow angle to the fiber end face.

Nitrogen gas or compressed dust remover can also be used.

2-17

Making Measurements

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

CAUTION

Do not shake, tip, or invert compressed air canisters, because this releases particles in the can into the air. Refer to instructions provided on the compressed air canister.

As soon as the connector is dry, connect or cover it for later use.

If the performance, after the initial cleaning, seems poor try cleaning the connector again. Often a second cleaning will restore proper performance. The second cleaning should be more arduous with a scrubbing action.

To clean an adapter

The fiber-optic input and output connectors on many Agilent Technologies instruments employ a universal adapter such as those shown in the following picture. These adapters allow you to connect the instrument to different types of fiber-optic cables.

Figure 2-7. Universal adapters.

Apply isopropyl alcohol to a clean foam swab.

Cotton swabs can be used as long as no cotton fibers remain after cleaning. The foam swabs listed in this section’s introduction are small enough to fit into adapters.

Although foam swabs can leave filmy deposits, these deposits are very thin, and the risk of other contamination buildup on the inside of adapters greatly outweighs the risk of contamination by foam swabs.

Clean the adapter with the foam swab.

Dry the inside of the adapter with a clean, dry, foam swab.

Blow through the adapter using filtered, dry, compressed air.

Nitrogen gas or compressed dust remover can also be used. Do not shake, tip, or invert compressed air canisters, because this releases particles in the can into the air. Refer to instructions provided on the compressed air canister.

2-18

Specifications 3-3 Regulatory Information 3-6

Specifications and Regulatory Information

This chapter lists specification and characteristics of the instrument. The distinction between these terms is described as follows:

• Specifications describe warranted performance over the temperature range 0°C to +45°C and relative humidity <95% (unless otherwise noted). All specifications apply after the instrument’s temperature has been stabilized after 15 minutes of continuous operation.

Characteristics

•

ed, performance parameters.

Calibration cycle

This instrument requires periodic verification of performance. The instrument should have a complete verification of specifications at least once every two years.

provide useful information by giving functional, but nonwarrant-

Characteristics are printed in this typeface.

3-2

Specifications

Table 3-1. Center Wavelength

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Specifications

Option

Standard

130

327

335

343

350

358

366

374

382

390

398

406

414

421

429

430

437

445

453

461

Center Wavelength

1 nm

1550

20 nm

1310

1 nm

1532.68

1533.47

1534.25

1535.04

1535.82

1536.61

1537.40

1538.19

1539

1539.77

1540.56

1541.35

1542.14

1542.94

1543

1543.73

1544.53

1545.32

1546.12

Option

462

469

477

485

493

501

509

517

525

533

534

541

549

557

566

570

574

582

590

598

605

606

Center Wavelength

1546.2 ±1 nm

1546.92 ±1 nm

1547.72 ±1 nm

1548.51 ±1 nm

1549.32 ±1 nm

1550.12 ±1 nm

1550.92 ±1 nm

1551.72 ±1 nm

1552.52 ±1 nm

1553.33 ±1 nm

1553.4 ±1 nm

1554.13 ±1 nm

1554.94 ±1 nm

1555.75 ±1 nm

1556.55 ±1 nm

1157 ±1 nm

1557.36 ±1 nm

1558.17 ±1 nm

1558.98 ±1 nm

1559.79 ±1 nm

1560.5 ±1 nm

1560.61

1 nm

3-3

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Specifications

Table 3-2. General Specifications

Eye Mask Performance Conforms to GR-253 and ITU G.957 requirements at

OC-1, OC-3/STM-1, OC-12/STM-4, OC-48/STM-16

Wavelength Adjustment Range

±10°

(over 25

C ambient temperature range)

Extinction Ratio

±10°

(over 25

C ambient, measured at OC-48/STM-16 rate in

instrument preset condition)

Bias/Extinction Ratio Adjustment Range (characteristic) <8.2 dB to >13 dB

Peak Coupled Power, Digital Mode (preset bias condition)

Average Coupled Power, Analog Mode (preset bias condition)

Relative Intensity Noise (characteristic) (RIN) @ 1 GHz – 145 dB/Hz

Spectral Width (measured with digital modulation at 2.5 Gb/s with SONET reflection conditions)

Dispersion Power Penalty (characteristic)

Side-mode Suppression Ratio (digital modulation at 2.5 Gb/s with SONET reflection conditions)

Jitter Generation

a. Measurement conditions: 2.5 Gb/s, 223–1 PRBS, NRZ, preset bias condition, dispersion = 1200 ps/nm, 1 x 10 b. Measured per GE-253 and ITU-T G.958, 12 kHz – 20 MHz filter, SDH/SONET pattern.

1.25 nm (±1.8 nm typical)

10 dB

1 dB

1.3 mW minimum (+1 dBm)

0.63 mW minimum (–2.0 dBm)

0.3 nm maximum at –3 dB; 1 nm maximum at –20 dB

<2.0 dB

33 dB minimum

0.05 maximum UI p-p, 0.005 maximum UI rms

–10

BER.

3-4

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Table 3-3. Input Modulation

DIGITAL IN AC COUPLED DIGITAL IN DC COUPLED ANALOG IN AC COUPLED

Maximum Input Level 2 V p-p –4.5 to 0 V 2 V p-p Bit Rate

Pulse Pattern (characteristic)

Polarity Non-inverting Non-inverting Inverting Input Level 0.7 to 1.5 V p-p –1.7 V low, –0.9 V high

Digital Threshold Adjustment Range

Impedance

(characteristic)

Input Return Loss

(characteristic)

0.1 to 1 GHz 12 dB 12 dB 12 dB 1 to 2 GHz 8.5 dB 8.5 dB 9 dB 2 to 2.5 GHz 6 dB 6 dB 6 dB

a. Tested with 223–1 PRBS pattern.

50 to 2500 Mb/s

40 to 60% ones density 0 to 100% ones density

0.2 V

Ω

DC to 2500 Mb/s 0.1 to 2500 MHz

(3 dB bandwidth)

2 V p-p maximum

(ECL levels)

0.2 V

Ω

Specifications

Ω

Table 3-4. Operating Specifications

Use Indoor Power 115 VAC:50 WATTS MAX

230 VAC:50 WATTS MAX

Voltage nominal:115 VACrange:90–132 V

nominal:230 VACrange:198–254 V Frequency nominal:50 Hz/60 Hzrange:47–63 Hz Altitude Up to 15,000 feet (4,572 meters) Operating temperature

Storage temperature

Maximum relative humidity

Laser Classification FDA Laser Class I according to 21 CFR 1040.10

Weight 3.6 kg (8 lb) Dimensions (H x W x D) 102 x 213 x 368 mm (4.02 x 8.39 x 14.49 in)

C to +55°C

–40°C to +70°C

80% for temperatures up to 31°C, decreasing linearly to 50% relative humidity at 40°C

IEC Laser Class 1 according to IEC 60825

System II chassis (half module, 3.5" height, 1.75" hole spacing)

3-5

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Regulatory Information

• Laser Classification: This product contains an IEC LASER Class 1.

• This product complies with 21 CFR 1040.10 Class 1, IEC 825-1 Class 1.

• This product is designed for use in INSTALLATION CATEGORY II and POLLU-

TION DEGREE 2, per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively.

Notice for Germany: Noise Declaration

This is to declare that this instrument is in conformance with the German Regulation on Noise Declaration for Machines (Laermangabe nach der Maschinenlaermrerordnung –3.GSGV Deutschland).

Acoustic Noise Emission Geraeuschemission

LpA < 70 dB Operator position Normal position per ISO 7779

LpA < 70 dB am Arbeitsplatz normaler Betrieb nach DIN 45635 t.19

3-6

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Regulatory Information

3-7

Options 4-2 Front-Panel Fiber-Optic Adapters 4-4 Power Cords 4-5 Agilent Technologies Service Offices 4-6

Reference

Options

Table 4-1. Center Wavelength Options

Option

Standard

130

327

335

343

350

358

366

374

382

390

398

406

414

421

429

430

437

445

453

461

Center Wavelength

1 nm

1550

20 nm

1310

1 nm

1532.68

1533.47

1534.25

1535.04

1535.82

1536.61

1537.40

1538.19

1539

1539.77

1540.56

1541.35

1542.14

1542.94

1543

1543.73

1544.53

1545.32

1546.12

Option

462

469

477

485

493

501

509

517

525

533

534

541

549

557

566

570

574

582

590

598

605

606

Center Wavelength

1546.2 ±1 nm

1546.92 ±1 nm

1547.72 ±1 nm

1548.51 ±1 nm

1549.32 ±1 nm

1550.12 ±1 nm

1550.92 ±1 nm

1551.72 ±1 nm

1552.52 ±1 nm

1553.33 ±1 nm

1553.4 ±1 nm

1554.13 ±1 nm

1554.94 ±1 nm

1555.75 ±1 nm

1556.55 ±1 nm

1157 ±1 nm

1557.36 ±1 nm

1558.17 ±1 nm

1558.98 ±1 nm

1559.79 ±1 nm

1560.5 ±1 nm

1560.61

1 nm

4-2

Table 4-2. Output Interface Options

Option Description

011 Diamond HMS-10 fiber-optic input connector interface

013 DIN 47256 fiber-optic input connector interface

014 ST fiber-optic input connector interface

017 SC fiber-optic input connector interface

022 Angled contact fiber-optic output interface

Reference

Options

4-3

Reference

Front-Panel Fiber-Optic Adapters

Front Panel Fiber-Optic Adapter

Description Agilent Part Number

Diamond HMS-10 81000AI

FC/PC

D4 81000GI

SC 81000KI

DIN 81000SI

ST 81000VI

Biconic 81000WI

Dust Covers

FC connector 1005-0594

Diamond HMS-10 connector 1005-0593

DIN connector 1005-0595

ST connector 1005-0596

SC connector 1005-0597

81000FI

a. The FC/PC adapter is the standard adapter supplied with the instrument. Options 011, 013, 014, and 017

replace the standard interface.

4-4

Power Cords

Reference

Power Cords

Plug Type Cable Part No. Plug Description

250V 8120-1351

8120-1703

250V 8120-1369

8120-0696

250V 8120-1689

8120-1692 8120-2857p

125V 8120-1378

8120-1521 8120-1992

250V 8120-2104

8120-2296

220V 8120-2956

8120-2957

Straight *BS1363A 90°

Straight *NZSS198/ASC 90°

Straight *CEE7-Y11 90° Straight (Shielded)

Straight *NEMA5-15P 90° Straight (Medical) UL544

Straight *SEV1011 1959-24507 Type 12 90°

Straight *DHCK107 90°

Length (in/cm)

90/228 90/228

79/200

87/221

79/200 79/200 79/200

90/228 90/228 96/244

79/200 79/200

Color Country

Gray Mint Gray

Gray

Mint Gray

Mint Gray Mint Gray Coco Brown

Jade Gray Jade Gray Black

Mint Gray Mint Gray

United Kingdom, Cyprus, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Singapore

Australia, New Zealand

East and West Europe, Saudi Arabia, So. Africa, India (unpolarized in many nations)

United States, Canada, Mexico, Philippines, Tai wa n

Switzerland

Denmark

250V 8120-4211

8120-4600

100V 8120-4753

8120-4754

* Part number shown for plug is the industry identifier for the plug only. Number shown for cable is the Agilent

Technologies part number for the complete cable including the plug.

Straight SABS164 90°

Straight MITI 90°

79/200 79/200

90/230 90/230

Jade Gray Republic of South

Africa India

Dark Gray Japan

4-5

Reference

Agilent Technologies Service Offices

Before returning an instrument for service, call the Agilent Technologies Instrument Support Center at (800) 403-0801, visit the Test and Measurement Web Sites by Country page at http://www.tm.agilent.com/tmo/country/English/ index.html, or call one of the numbers listed below.

Agilent Technologies Service Numbers

Austria 01/25125-7171

Belgium 32-2-778.37.71

Brazil (11) 7297-8600

China 86 10 6261 3819

Denmark 45 99 12 88

Finland 358-10-855-2360

France 01.69.82.66.66

Germany 0180/524-6330

India 080-34 35788

Italy +39 02 9212 2701

Ireland 01 615 8222

Japan (81)-426-56-7832

Korea 82/2-3770-0419

Mexico (5) 258-4826

Netherlands 020-547 6463

Norway 22 73 57 59

Russia +7-095-797-3930

Spain (34/91) 631 1213

Sweden 08-5064 8700

Switzerland (01) 735 7200

United Kingdom 01 344 366666

United States/Canada (800) 403-0801

4-6

General Information 5-4 Electrostatic Discharge Information 5-7 Troubleshooting 5-9

If the output power is low 5-10 To check the line-power fuse 5-11

Performance Tests 5-13

Test 1. Digital Threshold 5-15 Test 2. Frequency Response (ANALOG IN) 5-17 Test 3. Electrical Return Loss (ANALOG IN) 5-20 Test 4. Electrical Return Loss (DIGITAL IN) 5-22 Test 5. Eye Quality (DIGITAL IN) 5-24 Test 6. STM-16/OC-48 Conformance 5-26 Test 7. OC-1 Conformance 5-28 Test 8. Output Power 5-31 Test 9. Output Wavelength 5-33 Configuring the pattern generator 5-35

Adjustment Procedures 5-36

To remove the instrument cover 5-38 Adjustment 1. Power Supply 5-39 Adjustment 2. Laser Bias and Control 5-41

Replaceable Parts 5-45

Servicing

In this chapter, you'll find information on troubleshooting, testing performance, adjusting, and replacing parts in the instrument.

WARNING

The laser assembly, A2A1, in this instrument is not field serviceable.

Safety first!

Before servicing the Agilent 83430A, familiarize yourself with the safety markings on the instrument and the safety instructions in this manual. This instrument has been manufactured and tested according to international safety standards. To ensure safe operation of the instrument and the personal safety of the user and service personnel, the cautions and warnings in this manual must be heeded. Refer to the summary of safety considerations at the front of this manual.

These servicing instructions are for use by qualified personnel only. To avoid electrical shock, do not perform any servicing unless you are qualified to do so.

The opening of covers or removal of parts is likely to expose dangerous voltages. Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources while it is being opened.

The power cord is connected to internal capacitors that may remain live for five seconds after disconnecting the plug from its power supply.

This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthing ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the product is likely to make the product dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

5-2

Servicing

WARNING

Use of controls or adjustment or performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure.

5-3

Servicing

General Information

Whenever you contact Agilent Technologies about your Agilent 83430A, have the complete serial number and option designation available. This will ensure you obtain accurate service information.

• Refer to Table 5-1 for a list of internal labels.

• Refer to Table 5-2 on page 5-5 for a list of service tools.

• Refer to “Major Assemblies and Cables” on page 5-5 for the location of each ma-

jor assembly and cable.

Clean the cabinet using a damp cloth only.

Protect against ESD damage

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy electronic components. All work on electronic assemblies should be performed at a static-safe work station. Refer to “Electrostatic Discharge Information” on page 5-7 for more information on preventing ESD.

WARNING

Improper internal adjustments may change the laser classification of this instrument. Always perform the adjustments as described in

“Adjustment Procedures” on page 5-36 after changing any assemblies.

Table 5-1. Internal Labels

This label warns you about hazardous voltages present on the power supply. Use extreme caution.

5-4

General Information

Table 5-2. Service Tools

Tool Agilent Part Number

Small Pozidriv screwdriver 8710-0899

Wire cutter 8710-0012

Long-nose pliers 8710-1107

5.5 mm nut driver 8710-1220

7 mm nut driver 8710-1217

TORX T-10 driver 8710-1623

TORX T-15 driver 8710-1622

Table 5-3. Major Assemblies and Cables

Servicing

Reference Designator

A1 Front-Panel Assembly

A2 Main Board Assembly

A2A1 Laser (not field serviceable)

A3 Power Supply Board Assembly

A3W1 Power Harness Cable

W1 Control Cable for A1 Assembly

W2 RF Cable from ANALOG IN

W3 RF Cable from DIGITAL IN (ac coupled)

W4 RF Cable from DIGITAL IN (dc coupled)

W5 Line Switch Cable (includes FL1)

FL1 Line-Module Filter. Part of W5.

Description

5-5

Servicing

General Information

5-6

Electrostatic Discharge Information

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy electronic components. All work on electronic assemblies should be performed at a static-safe work station. The following figure shows an example of a static-safe work station using two types of ESD protection:

• Conductive table-mat and wrist-strap combination.

• Conductive floor-mat and heel-strap combination.

Servicing

Both types, when used together, provide a significant level of ESD protection. Of the two, only the table-mat and wrist-strap combination provides adequate ESD protection when used alone.

5-7

Servicing

Electrostatic Discharge Information

To ensure user safety, the static-safe accessories must provide at least 1 MΩ of isolation from ground. Refer to Table 5 -4 for information on ordering staticsafe accessories.

WARNING

These techniques for a static-safe work station should not be used when working on circuitry with a voltage potential greater than 500 volts.

Table 5-4. Static-Safe Accessories

Agilent Part Number

9300-0797

9300-0980 Wrist-strap cord 1.5 m (5 ft).

9300-1383 Wrist-strap, color black, stainless steel, without cord, has four adjustable

9300-1169 ESD heel-strap (reusable 6 to 12 months).

Description

3M static control mat 0.6 m wire. (The wrist-strap and wrist-strap cord are not included. They must be ordered separately.)

links and a 7 mm post-type connection.

1.2 m (2 ft× 4 ft) and 4.6 cm (15 ft) ground

5-8

Troubleshooting

The following procedures are located in this section:

If the output power is low 5-10 To check the line-power fuse 5-11

Servicing

Troubleshooting

WARNING

The opening of covers or removal of parts is likely to expose dangerous voltages. Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources while it is being opened.

The power cord is connected to internal capacitors that may remain live for five seconds after disconnecting the plug from its power supply.

5-9

Servicing

Troubleshooting

If the output power is low

Check for the following common problems:

❒

Clean the

curate Measurements” on page 2-9.

❒

Perform the adjustment procedures.

OPTICAL OUT

connector as described in “Cleaning Connections for Ac-

5-10

To check the line-power fuse

Locate the line-input connector on the instrument’s rear panel.

Disconnect the line-power cable if it is connected.

Use a small flat-blade screwdriver to pry open the fuse holder door.

Servicing

Troubleshooting

CAUTION

WARNING

You must remove the voltage tumbler to change the voltage selector. Rotating the voltage tumbler while it is in the line module damages the line module.

Remove the voltage tumbler, and replace the tumbler so that the desired line voltage value shows through the small opening in the fuse holder door.

The fuse is housed in a small container next to the voltage tumbler. Insert the tip of a screwdriver on the side of the container and gently pull outward to remove the container.

A spare fuse is stored below the line fuse.

Verify that the value of the line-voltage fuse is correct.

• For 100/120V operation, use an IEC 127 5×20 mm, 0.315 A, 250 V, Agilent part number 2110-0449.

• For 220/240V operation, use an IEC 127 5×20 mm, 0.16 A, 250 V, Agilent part number 2110-0448.

5-11

Servicing

Troubleshooting

5-12

Servicing

Performance Tests

The procedures in this section test the Agilent 83430A’s performance using the specifications listed in Chapter 3, “Specifications and Regulatory Informa-

tion” as the performance standard. All of the tests are done manually without

the aid of a computer. None of these tests require access to the interior of the instrument. Allow the Agilent 83430A to warm up for 15 minutes before doing any of the performance tests.

If the instrument fails any performance test, perform the adjustment procedures located in “Adjustment Procedures” on page 5-36.

The following performance tests are included in this section:

CAUTION

Calibration Cycle

This instrument requires periodic verification of performance. The instrument should have a complete verification of specifications at least once every two years.

Option 022 instruments have an angled-fiber output. Be sure to use an angledfiber patchcord during testing. If you do not have an angled-fiber patchcord available, you can purchase the required accessories from Agilent Technologies. These include the Agilent 81000SI DIN connector interface and the Agilent 81113PC DIN 4108 (angled) to Super-PC patchcord.

5-13

Servicing

Performance Tests

Table 5-5. Required Test Equipment

Agilent

Equipment

Optical spectrum analyzer 71450B Equipment substitution not recommended. Wavelength

Digital voltage meter 34401A

Digitizing oscilloscope 83480A with

Pattern generator 70841B

Clock source 70311A

Mainframe 70001A Specific mainframe for pattern generator and clock source. Optical power meter — 1310/1550 nm calibration. FC connector

Network analyzer 8752C Option 003

Type N calibration kit 85032B

Lightwave detector 83440B Option 050

SDH filter 87441A 2488 Mb/s SDH filter.

Filter Mini-Circuits model

Recommended Model

83483A and 83485A

SBLP-39

Critical Specifications

accuracy must be ±0.5 nm or better.

≥

150 Vdc range. 1 mV accuracy.

>10 GHz bandwidth

≤

10 ps/div amplitude scale

≥

500 MHz triggering, optical input with built-in SDH filter. Voltage and time histograms. Built-in SONET/SDH eye mask conformance test.

0.1 to 3.3 Gb/s, 2 250 mV p-p to 1200 mV p-p output. Rise/fall times ≤ 100 ps. Clock/32 trigger.

Ω

output.

16.1 MHz to 3.3 GHz, 50Ω, output. <120 dBc noise Sinewave or Squarewave, 500 mV p-p to 1500 mV p-p

0.1 dB resolution, 0.2 dB accuracy –60 to +20 dBm range

300 kHz to 3 GHz range, 50 1 port reflection measurement. Through measurement ports.

Type N open, short, 50 (female connections]

DC to 6 GHz, 1300/1550 nm. 50

SMA connectors on both ends. 39 Mb/s filter.

SMA connectors on both ends.

–1 PRBS.

Ω

output

Ω

calibration terminations

Ω

output.

5-14

Test 1. Digital Threshold

Connect the equipment as shown in the following figure.

Servicing

Performance Tests

Figure 5-1. Equipment setup

5-15

Servicing

Performance Tests

Set the pattern generator to the following settings. For step-by-step instructions on setting these values, refer to “Configuring the pattern

generator” on page 5-35.

data pattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

data amplitude (ECL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 mV p-p

data output high level (ECL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –900 mV

data termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –2 V

trigger mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CLOCK / 23

trigger pattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 zeros

clock rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.48832 GHz

clock amplitude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 mV

–1

Press the Agilent 83430A’s front-panel

IN AC COUPLED

While turning the Agilent 83430A’s front-panel

light is on.

SELECT

key repeatedly until the

DIGITAL THRESHOLD

knob fully

clockwise and fully counterclockwise, observe the following items:

• The eye is not squelched for any setting of the knob.

• The eye diagram’s zero crossing varies as the knob is turned.

• The eye diagram’s zero crossing should be approximately in the middle

when the knob is set to its center position.

Disconnect the modulation signal from the connect it to the

Press the Agilent 83430A’s front-panel

COUPLED

While turning the Agilent 83430A’s front-panel

light is on.

DIGITAL IN DC COUPLED

DIGITAL IN AC COUPLED

connector.

SELECT

key so that the

DIGITAL THRESHOLD

connector, and

DIGITAL IN DC

knob fully

clockwise and fully counterclockwise, observe the following items:

• The eye is not squelched for any setting of the knob.

• The eye diagram’s zero crossing varies as the knob is turned.

DIGITAL

5-16

Performance Tests

Test 2. Frequency Response (ANALOG IN)

This performance test checks the 80% modulation level and the frequency response at that level.

Connect the equipment as shown in the following figure.

Servicing

Figure 5-2. Equipment setup

Set the pattern generator to the following settings. For step-by-step instructions on setting these values, refer to “Configuring the pattern

5-17

Servicing

Performance Tests

generator” on page 5-35.

data pattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

–1

data amplitude (ECL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 mV p-p

data output high level (ECL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –900 mV

data termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –2 V

trigger mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CLOCK / 23

trigger pattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 zeros

clock rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.48832 GHz

clock amplitude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 mV

Press the Agilent 83430A’s front-panel

IN AC COUPLED

On the Agilent 83480A digital communications analyzer, perform the following

light is on.

SELECT

key repeatedly until the

tasks:

Turn the optical channel on. All other channels should be turned off.

Enable the internal OC-48 filter.

Connect the Agilent 83430A to the optical channel.

Disconnect the modulation input cable from the

ANALOG IN AC COUPLED

connector.

On the Agilent 83480A, position voltage cursor 1 to the displayed unmodulated level.

Turn the Agilent 83430A’s

On the Agilent 83480A, position voltage cursor 2 to the displayed dark level

LINE

switch off.

voltage. Do not disconnect the fiber-optic cable until the 80% modulation index is measured.

Measure the voltage difference between the two cursors, multiply this value by

0.8, and position cursor 2 to where the difference equals this calculated value.

Turn the Agilent 83430A’s

Reconnect the modulation input cable to the

LINE

switch on.

ANALOG IN AC COUPLED

connector.

ANALOG

Increase the pattern generator’s data amplitude until the average (lower) peak of the eye reaches the level indicated by voltage cursor 2.

The data amplitude shown on the pattern generator’s display should be between 1.05 V p-p and 1.9 V p-p.

Connect the equipment as shown in the following figure.

5-18

Figure 5-3. Equipment setup

Servicing

Performance Tests

Press the

Set the Agilent 8752C to the following settings:

PRESET

key on the Agilent 8752C network analyzer.

RF output power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .–10 dBm

amplitude scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 dB/division

start frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 MHz

stop frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3000 MHz

marker 1 (reference marker) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 MHz

averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . on

averaging number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

trace points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801

Press the

MEAS

key on the Agilent 8752C. Then, press

Transmissn

. A through

calibration is not required.

Verify that the –3 dB point is greater than 2.5 GHz.

5-19

Servicing

Performance Tests

Test 3. Electrical Return Loss (ANALOG IN)

This procedure measures the electrical return loss for this connection when the drive level is less than the power required for 80% modulation.

Press the

Figure 5-4. Calibration kit connections

With averaging on, calibrate the Agilent 8752C for a 1-port reflection measurement at the end of the RF output cable. Use the calibration termination kit. A through calibration is not required.

Connect the equipment as shown in the following figure.

PRESET

key on the Agilent 8752C network analyzer.

Figure 5-5. Equipment setup

5-20