XGS-4528F
Intelligent Layer 3+ Switch
User’s Guide
Version 3.80
8/2007
Edition 1
DEFAULT LOGIN
IP Address http://192.168.1.1
User Name admin
Password 1234
www.zyxel.com
About This User's Guide
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the Switch using the web
configurator or via commands. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP
networking concepts and topology.
Related Documentation
• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide contains information on setting up your hardware.
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
" It is recommended you use the web configurator to configure the Switch.
• Supporting Disk
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
• ZyXEL Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com
certifications.
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. Send all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team,
ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II,
Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
for additional support documentation and product
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
3
Document Conventions
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
1 Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
" Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The XGS-4528F may be referred to as the “Switch”, the “device”, the “system” or the
“product” in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER]
means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key.
“Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example,
Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation
panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For
example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000”
or “1048576” and so on.
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XGS-4528F User’s Guide
Document Conventions
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The Switch icon is not an
exact representation of your device.
The Switch Computer Notebook computer
Server DSLAM Firewall
Telephone Switch Router
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
5
Safety Warnings
Safety Warnings
1 For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• For continued protection against risk of fire replace only with same type and rating of
fuse.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect it to the right
supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power source.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.
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XGS-4528F User’s Guide
This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.
Safety Warnings
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
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Safety Warnings
8
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
Introduction ............................................................................................................................33
Getting to Know Your Switch ..................................................................................................... 35
Hardware Installation and Connection ....................................................................................... 39
Hardware Overview ................................................................................................................... 43
Basic Configuration ...............................................................................................................49
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................... 51
Initial Setup Example ................................................................................................................. 61
System Status and Port Statistics ..............................................................................................67
Basic Setting .............................................................................................................................. 73
Advanced Setup .....................................................................................................................85
VLAN ......................................................................................................................................... 87
Static MAC Forward Setup ...................................................................................................... 103
Filtering .................................................................................................................................... 105
Spanning Tree Protocol ........................................................................................................... 107
Bandwidth Control ................................................................................................................... 127
Broadcast Storm Control ......................................................................................................... 129
Mirroring .................................................................................................................................. 131
Link Aggregation ...................................................................................................................... 133
Port Authentication .................................................................................................................. 141
Port Security ............................................................................................................................ 147
Classifier .................................................................................................................................. 151
Policy Rule .............................................................................................................................. 157
Queuing Method ...................................................................................................................... 163
VLAN Stacking ......................................................................................................................... 167
Multicast .................................................................................................................................. 173
Authentication & Accounting ....................................................................................................187
IP Source Guard ...................................................................................................................... 201
Loop Guard .............................................................................................................................. 221
IP Application ....................................................................................................................... 225
Static Route ............................................................................................................................. 227
RIP .......................................................................................................................................... 229
OSPF ....................................................................................................................................... 231
IGMP ....................................................................................................................................... 243
DVMRP .................................................................................................................................... 247
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Contents Overview
Differentiated Services ............................................................................................................. 251
DHCP ...................................................................................................................................... 259
VRRP ....................................................................................................................................... 267
Management ......................................................................................................................... 277
Maintenance ............................................................................................................................ 279
Access Control ........................................................................................................................ 285
Diagnostic ................................................................................................................................ 303
Syslog ...................................................................................................................................... 305
Cluster Management ............................................................................................................... 309
MAC Table ............................................................................................................................... 315
IP Table .................................................................................................................................... 317
ARP Table ................................................................................................................................ 319
Routing Table ........................................................................................................................... 321
Configure Clone ....................................................................................................................... 323
Troubleshooting & Product Specifications .......................................................................325
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 327
Product Specifications ............................................................................................................. 335
Appendices and Index ......................................................................................................... 343
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XGS-4528F User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
About This User's Guide ..........................................................................................................3
Document Conventions............................................................................................................4
Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................6
Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................9
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... 11
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... 23
List of Tables...........................................................................................................................29
Part I: Introduction................................................................................. 33
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch.................................................................................................35
1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 35
1.1.1 Bridging Example ....................................................................................................... 35
1.1.2 High Performance Switching Example ....................................................................... 36
1.1.3 Gigabit Ethernet to the Desktop ................................................................................. 37
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Example .................................................................. 37
1.2 Ways to Manage the Switch ................................................................................................ 38
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Switch ................................................................................. 38
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection .................................................................................39
2.1 Freestanding Installation ...................................................................................................... 39
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ........................................................................................... 40
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements .................................................................. 40
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch .......................................................... 40
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .................................................................................. 41
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview................................................................................................................. 43
3.1 Front Panel Connections ..................................................................................................... 43
3.1.1 Dual Personality Interfaces ........................................................................................ 43
3.1.2 1000Base-T Ports ...................................................................................................... 44
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Table of Contents
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots ..........................................................................................................44
3.2 Rear Panel ........................................................................................................................... 46
3.2.1 Power Connector ....................................................................................................... 47
3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector ................................................................ 47
3.2.3 Console Port .............................................................................................................. 47
3.3 LEDs ................................................................................................................................ 47
Part II: Basic Configuration................................................................... 49
Chapter 4
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................51
4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 51
4.2 System Login .................................................................................................................... 51
4.3 The Status Screen .......................................................................................................... 52
4.3.1 Change Your Password .......................................................................................... 58
4.4 Saving Your Configuration ................................................................................................... 58
4.5 Switch Lockout .................................................................................................................. 58
4.6 Resetting the Switch ......................................................................................................... 59
4.6.1 Reload the Configuration File ..................................................................................... 59
4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator .................................................................................. 60
4.8 Help ..................................................................................................................................... 60
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example..............................................................................................................61
5.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 61
5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface ........................................................................................ 61
5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings ............................................................................ 62
5.1.3 Creating a VLAN ........................................................................................................ 63
5.1.4 Setting Port VID .........................................................................................................64
5.1.5 Enabling RIP .............................................................................................................. 65
Chapter 6
System Status and Port Statistics.........................................................................................67
6.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 67
6.2 Port Status Summary ...................................................................................................... 67
6.2.1 Status: Port Details ................................................................................................68
Chapter 7
Basic Setting .......................................................................................................................... 73
7.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 73
7.2 System Information ........................................................................................................... 73
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7.3 General Setup ................................................................................................................. 75
7.4 Introduction to VLANs .......................................................................................................... 77
7.5 Switch Setup Screen ........................................................................................................ 77
7.6 IP Setup ............................................................................................................................ 79
7.6.1 IP Interfaces ............................................................................................................... 79
7.7 Port Setup ............................................................................................................................ 81
Part III: Advanced Setup........................................................................ 85
Chapter 8
VLAN ........................................................................................................................................87
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs .................................................................. 87
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames ................................................................ 87
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration .............................................................................................. 88
8.2.1 GARP ......................................................................................................................... 88
8.2.2 GVRP ......................................................................................................................... 88
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking ............................................................................................................. 89
8.4 Select the VLAN Type ......................................................................................................... 89
8.5 Static VLAN ......................................................................................................................... 89
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status ..................................................................................................... 90
8.5.2 Static VLAN Details .................................................................................................... 90
8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN ........................................................................................ 91
8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings ................................................................................ 92
8.6 Subnet Based VLANs .......................................................................................................... 94
8.7 Configuring Subnet Based VLAN ...................................................................................... 95
8.8 Protocol Based VLANs ........................................................................................................ 96
8.9 Configuring Protocol Based VLAN .................................................................................... 97
8.10 Create an IP-based VLAN Example .................................................................................. 98
8.11 Port-based VLAN Setup ................................................................................................99
8.11.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN ................................................................................ 100
Chapter 9
Static MAC Forward Setup................................................................................................... 103
9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 103
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ............................................................................. 103
Chapter 10
Filtering..................................................................................................................................105
10.1 Configure a Filtering Rule .............................................................................................105
Chapter 11
Spanning Tree Protocol........................................................................................................107
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Table of Contents
11.1 STP/RSTP Overview ..................................................................................................... 107
11.1.1 STP Terminology .................................................................................................... 107
11.1.2 How STP Works ..................................................................................................... 108
11.1.3 STP Port States ...................................................................................................... 108
11.1.4 Multiple RSTP ...................................................................................................... 109
11.1.5 Multiple STP ........................................................................................................... 109
11.2 Spanning Tree Protocol Status Screen .............................................................................112
11.3 Spanning Tree Configuration ............................................................................................113
11.4 Configure Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ......................................................................114
11.5 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status .........................................................................116
11.6 Configure Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol .........................................................117
11.7 Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status ............................................................119
11.8 Configure Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol .................................................................. 120
11.9 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Status ..................................................................... 123
Chapter 12
Bandwidth Control................................................................................................................127
12.1 Bandwidth Control Overview ......................................................................................... 127
12.1.1 CIR and PIR ........................................................................................................... 127
12.2 Bandwidth Control Setup ................................................................................................. 127
Chapter 13
Broadcast Storm Control .....................................................................................................129
13.1 Broadcast Storm Control Setup ....................................................................................... 129
Chapter 14
Mirroring ................................................................................................................................ 131
14.1 Port Mirroring Setup ........................................................................................................ 131
Chapter 15
Link Aggregation ..................................................................................................................133
15.1 Link Aggregation Overview .............................................................................................. 133
15.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation ............................................................................................... 133
15.2.1 Link Aggregation ID ................................................................................................ 134
15.3 Link Aggregation Status ...................................................................................................134
15.4 Link Aggregation Setting ................................................................................................. 135
15.5 Link Aggregation Control Protocol ................................................................................ 136
15.6 Static Trunking Example .................................................................................................. 138
Chapter 16
Port Authentication............................................................................................................... 141
16.1 Port Authentication Overview .......................................................................................... 141
16.1.1 IEEE 802.1x Authentication ................................................................................... 141
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16.1.2 MAC Authentication ............................................................................................... 142
16.2 Port Authentication Configuration .................................................................................... 143
16.2.1 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security ........................................................................... 143
16.2.2 Activate MAC Authentication .................................................................................. 144
Chapter 17
Port Security.......................................................................................................................... 147
17.1 About Port Security .......................................................................................................... 147
17.2 Port Security Setup .......................................................................................................... 147
Chapter 18
Classifier................................................................................................................................151
18.1 About the Classifier and QoS .......................................................................................... 151
18.2 Configuring the Classifier ................................................................................................151
18.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration ................................................................... 154
18.4 Classifier Example ........................................................................................................... 155
Chapter 19
Policy Rule............................................................................................................................ 157
19.1 Policy Rules Overview .....................................................................................................157
19.1.1 DiffServ .................................................................................................................. 157
19.1.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ................................................................................. 157
19.2 Configuring Policy Rules ................................................................................................. 158
19.3 Viewing and Editing Policy Configuration ........................................................................ 160
19.4 Policy Example ................................................................................................................ 160
Chapter 20
Queuing Method.................................................................................................................... 163
20.1 Queuing Method Overview .............................................................................................. 163
20.1.1 Strictly Priority ........................................................................................................ 163
20.1.2 Weighted Fair Queuing .......................................................................................... 163
20.1.3 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ........................................................... 164
20.2 Configuring Queuing ........................................................................................................ 164
Chapter 21
VLAN Stacking ...................................................................................................................... 167
21.1 VLAN Stacking Overview ................................................................................................. 167
21.1.1 VLAN Stacking Example ........................................................................................ 167
21.2 VLAN Stacking Port Roles ............................................................................................... 168
21.3 VLAN Tag Format ............................................................................................................ 169
21.3.1 Frame Format ........................................................................................................ 169
21.4 Configuring VLAN Stacking ............................................................................................. 170
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Table of Contents
Chapter 22
Multicast ................................................................................................................................ 173
22.1 Multicast Overview .......................................................................................................... 173
22.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses ........................................................................................... 173
22.1.2 IGMP Filtering ........................................................................................................ 173
22.1.3 IGMP Snooping ...................................................................................................... 173
22.1.4 IGMP Snooping and VLANs ................................................................................... 174
22.2 Multicast Status ............................................................................................................... 174
22.3 Multicast Setting .............................................................................................................. 174
22.4 IGMP Snooping VLAN ..................................................................................................... 177
22.5 IGMP Filtering Profile ...................................................................................................... 178
22.6 MVR Overview ................................................................................................................. 179
22.6.1 Types of MVR Ports ............................................................................................... 180
22.6.2 MVR Modes ........................................................................................................... 180
22.6.3 How MVR Works .................................................................................................... 180
22.7 General MVR Configuration ............................................................................................ 181
22.8 MVR Group Configuration ............................................................................................... 183
22.8.1 MVR Configuration Example .................................................................................. 184
Chapter 23
Authentication & Accounting .............................................................................................. 187
23.1 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting ................................................................. 187
23.1.1 Local User Accounts .............................................................................................. 187
23.1.2 RADIUS and TACACS+ ......................................................................................... 188
23.2 Authentication and Accounting Screens .......................................................................... 188
23.2.1 RADIUS Server Setup ........................................................................................ 188
23.2.2 TACACS+ Server Setup ..................................................................................... 190
23.2.3 Authentication and Accounting Setup ................................................................ 192
23.2.4 Vendor Specific Attribute ........................................................................................ 195
23.2.5 Tunnel Protocol Attribute ........................................................................................ 196
23.3 Supported RADIUS Attributes ......................................................................................... 196
23.3.1 Attributes Used for Authentication .......................................................................... 197
23.3.2 Attributes Used for Accounting ............................................................................... 197
Chapter 24
IP Source Guard....................................................................................................................201
24.1 IP Source Guard Overview .............................................................................................. 201
24.1.1 DHCP Snooping Overview ..................................................................................... 201
24.1.2 ARP Inspection Overview ...................................................................................... 203
24.2 IP Source Guard .............................................................................................................. 205
24.3 IP Source Guard Static Binding ....................................................................................... 205
24.4 DHCP Snooping .............................................................................................................. 207
24.5 DHCP Snooping Configure .............................................................................................. 210
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24.5.1 DHCP Snooping Port Configure ..............................................................................211
24.5.2 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure .......................................................................... 213
24.6 ARP Inspection Status .....................................................................................................214
24.6.1 ARP Inspection VLAN Status ................................................................................. 214
24.6.2 ARP Inspection Log Status .................................................................................... 215
24.7 ARP Inspection Configure ............................................................................................... 217
24.7.1 ARP Inspection Port Configure .............................................................................. 218
24.7.2 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure ........................................................................... 219
Chapter 25
Loop Guard............................................................................................................................ 221
25.1 Loop Guard Overview ...................................................................................................... 221
25.2 Loop Guard Setup ........................................................................................................... 223
Part IV: IP Application.......................................................................... 225
Chapter 26
Static Route ........................................................................................................................... 227
26.1 Configuring Static Routing ............................................................................................. 227
Chapter 27
RIP .........................................................................................................................................229
27.1 RIP Overview ................................................................................................................... 229
27.2 Configuring RIP ............................................................................................................... 229
Chapter 28
OSPF ......................................................................................................................................231
28.1 OSPF Overview ............................................................................................................... 231
28.1.1 OSPF Autonomous Systems and Areas ................................................................ 231
28.1.2 How OSPF Works .................................................................................................. 232
28.1.3 Interfaces and Virtual Links .................................................................................... 232
28.1.4 OSPF and Router Elections ................................................................................... 232
28.1.5 Configuring OSPF .................................................................................................. 233
28.2 OSPF Status ................................................................................................................. 233
28.3 OSPF Configuration ........................................................................................................235
28.4 Configure OSPF Areas .................................................................................................... 237
28.4.1 View OSPF Area Information Table ....................................................................... 238
28.5 Configuring OSPF Interfaces ........................................................................................ 238
28.6 OSPF Virtual-Links ....................................................................................................... 240
Chapter 29
IGMP.......................................................................................................................................243
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Table of Contents
29.1 IGMP Overview ............................................................................................................... 243
29.1.1 How IGMP Works ................................................................................................... 244
29.2 Port-based IGMP ............................................................................................................. 245
29.3 Configuring IGMP ............................................................................................................ 245
Chapter 30
DVMRP ................................................................................................................................... 247
30.1 DVMRP Overview ............................................................................................................247
30.2 How DVMRP Works ........................................................................................................ 247
30.2.1 DVMRP Terminology .............................................................................................. 248
30.3 Configuring DVMRP ....................................................................................................... 248
30.3.1 DVMRP Configuration Error Messages ................................................................. 249
30.4 Default DVMRP Timer Values ......................................................................................... 250
Chapter 31
Differentiated Services.........................................................................................................251
31.1 DiffServ Overview ............................................................................................................ 251
31.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ................................................................................ 251
31.1.2 DiffServ Network Example ..................................................................................... 252
31.2 Two Rate Three Color Marker Traffic Policing ................................................................. 252
31.2.1 TRTCM - Color-blind Mode .................................................................................... 253
31.2.2 TRTCM - Color-aware Mode .................................................................................. 253
31.3 Activating DiffServ .......................................................................................................... 254
31.3.1 Configuring 2-Rate 3 Color Marker Settings .......................................................... 254
31.4 DSCP-to-IEEE 802.1p Priority Settings ...................................................................... 256
31.4.1 Configuring DSCP Settings .................................................................................... 256
Chapter 32
DHCP...................................................................................................................................... 259
32.1 DHCP Overview .............................................................................................................. 259
32.1.1 DHCP Modes ........................................................................................................ 259
32.1.2 DHCP Configuration Options ................................................................................. 259
32.2 DHCP Status ................................................................................................................... 260
32.3 DHCP Server Status Detail .............................................................................................. 260
32.4 DHCP Relay .................................................................................................................... 261
32.4.1 DHCP Relay Agent Information ............................................................................. 261
32.4.2 Configuring DHCP Global Relay ............................................................................ 262
32.4.3 Global DHCP Relay Configuration Example .......................................................... 263
32.5 Configuring DHCP VLAN Settings ................................................................................ 264
32.5.1 Example: DHCP Relay for Two VLANs .................................................................. 266
Chapter 33
VRRP ......................................................................................................................................267
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Table of Contents
33.1 VRRP Overview ............................................................................................................... 267
33.2 VRRP Status .................................................................................................................. 268
33.3 VRRP Configuration ........................................................................................................268
33.3.1 IP Interface Setup ................................................................................................. 268
33.3.2 VRRP Parameters .................................................................................................. 270
33.3.3 Configuring VRRP Parameters .............................................................................. 270
33.3.4 Configuring VRRP Parameters .............................................................................. 271
33.4 VRRP Configuration Examples ....................................................................................... 272
33.4.1 One Subnet Network Example ............................................................................... 272
33.4.2 Two Subnets Example .......................................................................................... 273
Part V: Management............................................................................. 277
Chapter 34
Maintenance .......................................................................................................................... 279
34.1 The Maintenance Screen ................................................................................................ 279
34.2 Load Factory Default ....................................................................................................... 280
34.3 Save Configuration .......................................................................................................... 280
34.4 Reboot System ................................................................................................................ 281
34.5 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................................ 281
34.6 Restore a Configuration File ......................................................................................... 282
34.7 Backup a Configuration File ......................................................................................... 282
34.8 FTP Command Line ........................................................................................................ 283
34.8.1 Filename Conventions ........................................................................................... 283
34.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ............................................................................. 283
34.8.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .......................................................................................... 284
34.8.4 FTP Restrictions ..................................................................................................... 284
Chapter 35
Access Control...................................................................................................................... 285
35.1 Access Control Overview ............................................................................................ 285
35.2 The Access Control Main Screen .................................................................................... 285
35.3 About SNMP .................................................................................................................. 286
35.3.1 SNMP v3 and Security ........................................................................................... 287
35.3.2 Supported MIBs ................................................................................................... 287
35.3.3 SNMP Traps .......................................................................................................... 287
35.3.4 Configuring SNMP .............................................................................................. 290
35.3.5 Configuring SNMP Trap Group ........................................................................... 292
35.3.6 Setting Up Login Accounts ................................................................................. 293
35.4 SSH Overview ................................................................................................................. 295
35.5 How SSH works ............................................................................................................... 295
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Table of Contents
35.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch ................................................................................. 296
35.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH ................................................................................. 296
35.7 Introduction to HTTPS .....................................................................................................296
35.8 HTTPS Example .............................................................................................................. 297
35.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ..................................................................... 297
35.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages ................................................................ 298
35.8.3 The Main Screen .................................................................................................... 298
35.9 Service Port Access Control ......................................................................................... 299
35.10 Remote Management ............................................................................................... 300
Chapter 36
Diagnostic.............................................................................................................................. 303
36.1 Diagnostic ........................................................................................................................ 303
Chapter 37
Syslog ....................................................................................................................................305
37.1 Syslog Overview .............................................................................................................. 305
37.2 Syslog Setup ................................................................................................................... 305
37.3 Syslog Server Setup ........................................................................................................ 306
Chapter 38
Cluster Management.............................................................................................................309
38.1 Clustering Management Status Overview ....................................................................... 309
38.2 Cluster Management Status ............................................................................................ 310
38.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management .....................................................................311
38.3 Clustering Management Configuration .......................................................................... 312
Chapter 39
MAC Table..............................................................................................................................315
39.1 MAC Table Overview ....................................................................................................... 315
39.2 Viewing the MAC Table .................................................................................................... 316
Chapter 40
IP Table ..................................................................................................................................317
40.1 IP Table Overview ............................................................................................................ 317
40.2 Viewing the IP Table ........................................................................................................ 318
Chapter 41
ARP Table .............................................................................................................................. 319
20
41.1 ARP Table Overview ........................................................................................................319
41.1.1 How ARP Works .................................................................................................... 319
41.2 Viewing the ARP Table .................................................................................................... 319
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Chapter 42
Routing Table ........................................................................................................................321
42.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 321
42.2 Viewing the Routing Table Status ................................................................................... 321
Chapter 43
Configure Clone.................................................................................................................... 323
43.1 Configure Clone ............................................................................................................... 323
Part VI: Troubleshooting & Product Specifications.......................... 325
Chapter 44
Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................327
44.1 Problems Starting Up the Switch ..................................................................................... 327
44.2 Problems Accessing the Switch ...................................................................................... 327
44.2.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ........................................... 328
44.3 Problems with the Password ........................................................................................... 333
Chapter 45
Product Specifications.........................................................................................................335
Part VII: Appendices and Index .......................................................... 343
Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting ............................................................................345
Appendix B Legal Information ...............................................................................................353
Appendix C Customer Support.............................................................................................. 357
Index....................................................................................................................................... 363
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XGS-4528F User’s Guide
List of Figures
List of Figures
Figure 1 Bridging Application ................................................................................................................ 36
Figure 2 High Performance Switching .................................................................................................... 36
Figure 3 Gigabit to the Desktop .............................................................................................................. 37
Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ....................................................................................... 38
Figure 5 Attaching Rubber Feet ............................................................................................................. 39
Figure 6 Attaching the Mounting Brackets .............................................................................................. 40
Figure 7 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .............................................................................................. 41
Figure 8 Front Panel ............................................................................................................................... 43
Figure 9 Transceiver Installation Example .............................................................................................. 45
Figure 10 Installed Transceiver .............................................................................................................. 45
Figure 11 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ............................................................................. 45
Figure 12 Transceiver Removal Example ............................................................................................... 45
Figure 13 Rear Panel - AC Model .......................................................................................................... 46
Figure 14 Rear Panel - DC Model .......................................................................................................... 46
Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login ........................................................................................................ 52
Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) ............................................................................... 52
Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password ..................................................................................58
Figure 18 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port ............................................................................ 60
Figure 19 Web Configurator: Logout Screen .......................................................................................... 60
Figure 20 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface ........................................................................... 61
Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN .................................................................................... 63
Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ................................................................................ 64
Figure 23 Status ..................................................................................................................................... 67
Figure 24 Status: Port Details ................................................................................................................. 69
Figure 25 Basic Setting > System Info ................................................................................................... 74
Figure 26 Basic Setting > General Setup ............................................................................................... 75
Figure 27 Basic Setting > Switch Setup ................................................................................................. 78
Figure 28 Basic Setting > IP Setup ......................................................................................................... 80
Figure 29 Basic Setting > Port Setup ..................................................................................................... 82
Figure 30 Port VLAN Trunking ................................................................................................................ 89
Figure 31 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type ........................................................................................... 89
Figure 32 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status ......................................................................... 90
Figure 33 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail ........................................................................ 90
Figure 34 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN ...................................................................... 91
Figure 35 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting .............................................................. 93
Figure 36 Subnet Based VLAN Application Example ............................................................................. 94
Figure 37 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN ......................... 95
Figure 38 Protocol Based VLAN Application Example ........................................................................... 97
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
23
List of Figures
Figure 39 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Protocol Based VLAN ....................... 97
Figure 40 Protocol Based VLAN Configuration Example ....................................................................... 99
Figure 41 Advanced Application > VLAN > Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) ......................... 100
Figure 42 Advanced Application > VLAN: Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ............................ 101
Figure 43 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding .................................................................. 103
Figure 44 Advanced Application > Filtering .......................................................................................... 105
Figure 45 MRSTP Network Example .................................................................................................... 109
Figure 46 STP/RSTP Network Example ................................................................................................110
Figure 47 MSTP Network Example .......................................................................................................111
Figure 48 MSTIs in Different Regions ...................................................................................................112
Figure 49 MSTP and Legacy RSTP Network Example .........................................................................112
Figure 50 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol ..................................................................113
Figure 51 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration .........................................113
Figure 52 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP .....................................................114
Figure 53 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: RSTP .........................................116
Figure 54 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MRSTP ..................................................117
Figure 55 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MRSTP ......................................119
Figure 56 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP ................................................... 121
Figure 57 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MSTP ....................................... 124
Figure 58 Advanced Application > Bandwidth Control ......................................................................... 128
Figure 59 Advanced Application > Broadcast Storm Control ............................................................... 129
Figure 60 Advanced Application > Mirroring ......................................................................................... 131
Figure 61 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation Status ................................................................. 134
Figure 62 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting ................................ 135
Figure 63 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting > LACP ................... 137
Figure 64 Trunking Example - Physical Connections ........................................................................... 138
Figure 65 Trunking Example - Configuration Screen ............................................................................ 139
Figure 66 IEEE 802.1x Authentication Process .................................................................................... 142
Figure 67 MAC Authentication Process ................................................................................................ 142
Figure 68 Advanced Application > Port Authentication ........................................................................ 143
Figure 69 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.1x ......................................................... 143
Figure 70 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > MAC Authentication .................................... 145
Figure 71 Advanced Application > Port Security .................................................................................. 148
Figure 72 Advanced Application > Classifier ........................................................................................ 152
Figure 73 Advanced Application > Classifier: Summary Table ............................................................. 154
Figure 74 Classifier: Example ............................................................................................................... 155
Figure 75 Advanced Application > Policy Rule ..................................................................................... 158
Figure 76 Advanced Application > Policy Rule: Summary Table .......................................................... 160
Figure 77 Policy Example ..................................................................................................................... 161
Figure 78 Advanced Application > Queuing Method ............................................................................ 164
Figure 79 VLAN Stacking Example ...................................................................................................... 168
Figure 80 Advanced Application > VLAN Stacking ............................................................................... 170
Figure 81 Advanced Application > Multicast ......................................................................................... 174
24
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
List of Figures
Figure 82 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting .......................................................... 175
Figure 83 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Snooping VLAN .................. 177
Figure 84 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile .................... 178
Figure 85 MVR Network Example ........................................................................................................ 180
Figure 86 MVR Multicast Television Example ...................................................................................... 181
Figure 87 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR .............................................. 182
Figure 88 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR: Group Configuration ............ 184
Figure 89 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................................................ 185
Figure 90 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................................................ 185
Figure 91 MVR Group Configuration Example ................................................................................... 186
Figure 92 MVR Group Configuration Example ..................................................................................... 186
Figure 93 AAA Server ........................................................................................................................... 187
Figure 94 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct ................................................................................ 188
Figure 95 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > RADIUS Server Setup ......................................... 189
Figure 96 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > TACACS+ Server Setup ...................................... 191
Figure 97 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > Auth and Acct Setup ........................................... 193
Figure 98 DHCP Snooping Database File Format ............................................................................... 202
Figure 99 Example: Man-in-the-middle Attack ..................................................................................... 203
Figure 100 IP Source Guard ................................................................................................................. 205
Figure 101 IP Source Guard Static Binding .......................................................................................... 206
Figure 102 DHCP Snooping ................................................................................................................. 207
Figure 103 DHCP Snooping Configure ................................................................................................ 210
Figure 104 DHCP Snooping Port Configure ......................................................................................... 212
Figure 105 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure ...................................................................................... 213
Figure 106 ARP Inspection Status ........................................................................................................ 214
Figure 107 ARP Inspection VLAN Status ............................................................................................. 215
Figure 108 ARP Inspection Log Status ................................................................................................. 216
Figure 109 ARP Inspection Configure .................................................................................................. 217
Figure 110 ARP Inspection Port Configure ........................................................................................... 218
Figure 111 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure ........................................................................................ 219
Figure 112 Loop Guard vs STP ............................................................................................................ 221
Figure 113 Switch in Loop State ........................................................................................................... 222
Figure 114 Loop Guard - Probe Packet ................................................................................................ 222
Figure 115 Loop Guard - Network Loop ............................................................................................... 222
Figure 116 Advanced Application > Loop Guard .................................................................................. 223
Figure 117 IP Application > Static Routing ........................................................................................... 227
Figure 118 IP Application > RIP ............................................................................................................ 230
Figure 119 OSPF Network Example ..................................................................................................... 232
Figure 120 OSPF Router Election Example ......................................................................................... 233
Figure 121 IP Application > OSPF Status ............................................................................................. 234
Figure 122 IP Application > OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings ............................. 236
Figure 123 IP Application > OSPF Configuration: Area Setup ............................................................. 237
Figure 124 IP Application > OSPF Configuration: Summary Table ...................................................... 238
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
25
List of Figures
Figure 125 IP Application > OSPF Configuration > OSPF Interface .................................................... 239
Figure 126 IP Application > OSPF Configuration > OSPF Virtual Link ................................................ 240
Figure 127 IP Multicast ......................................................................................................................... 243
Figure 128 IGMP Version 1 Example ................................................................................................... 244
Figure 129 IGMP Version 2 Example ................................................................................................... 245
Figure 130 IGMP Version 3 Example ................................................................................................... 245
Figure 131 IP Application > IGMP ........................................................................................................ 246
Figure 132 How DVMRP Works ........................................................................................................... 248
Figure 133 IP Application > DVMRP .................................................................................................... 248
Figure 134 DVMRP: IGMP/RIP Not Set Error ...................................................................................... 249
Figure 135 DVMRP: Unable to Disable IGMP Error ............................................................................. 249
Figure 136 DVMRP: Duplicate VID Error Message .............................................................................. 250
Figure 137 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field .................................................................................. 251
Figure 138 DiffServ Network ............................................................................................................... 252
Figure 139 TRTCM - Color-blind Mode ................................................................................................ 253
Figure 140 TRTCM - Color-aware Mode .............................................................................................. 253
Figure 141 IP Application > DiffServ ..................................................................................................... 254
Figure 142 IP Application > DiffServ > 2-rate 3 Color Marker .............................................................. 255
Figure 143 IP Application > DiffServ > DSCP Setting .......................................................................... 256
Figure 144 IP Application > DHCP Status ............................................................................................ 260
Figure 145 IP Application > DHCP > DHCP Server Status Detail ........................................................ 260
Figure 146 IP Application > DHCP > Global ......................................................................................... 262
Figure 147 Global DHCP Relay Network Example .............................................................................. 263
Figure 148 DHCP Relay Configuration Example .................................................................................. 263
Figure 149 IP Application > DHCP > VLAN ....................................................................................... 264
Figure 150 DHCP Relay for Two VLANs .............................................................................................. 266
Figure 151 DHCP Relay for Two VLANs Configuration Example ......................................................... 266
Figure 152 VRRP: Example 1 .............................................................................................................. 267
Figure 153 IP Application > VRRP Status ............................................................................................ 268
Figure 154 IP Application > VRRP Configuration > IP Interface ......................................................... 269
Figure 155 IP Application > VRRP Configuration > VRRP Parameters ............................................... 271
Figure 156 VRRP Configuration: Summary .......................................................................................... 272
Figure 157 VRRP Configuration Example: One Virtual Router Network .............................................. 272
Figure 158 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch A ................................................ 273
Figure 159 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch B ................................................ 273
Figure 160 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch A .................................................................... 273
Figure 161 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch B .................................................................... 273
Figure 162 VRRP Configuration Example: Two Virtual Router Network .............................................. 274
Figure 163 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch A .................................. 274
Figure 164 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch B .................................. 274
Figure 165 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch A .................................................................... 275
Figure 166 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch B .................................................................... 275
Figure 167 Management > Maintenance .............................................................................................. 279
26
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
List of Figures
Figure 168 Load Factory Default: Start ................................................................................................. 280
Figure 169 Reboot System: Confirmation ............................................................................................ 281
Figure 170 Management > Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade ............................................................ 281
Figure 171 Management > Maintenance > Restore Configuration ....................................................... 282
Figure 172 Management > Maintenance > Backup Configuration ....................................................... 282
Figure 173 Management > Access Control .......................................................................................... 285
Figure 174 SNMP Management Model .............................................................................................. 286
Figure 175 Management > Access Control > SNMP ............................................................................ 291
Figure 176 Management > Access Control > SNMP > Trap Group ..................................................... 293
Figure 177 Management > Access Control > Logins ........................................................................... 294
Figure 178 SSH Communication Example ...........................................................................................295
Figure 179 How SSH Works ................................................................................................................. 295
Figure 180 HTTPS Implementation ...................................................................................................... 297
Figure 181 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ...................................................................... 297
Figure 182 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) ........................................................................................ 298
Figure 183 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) ........................................................................................ 298
Figure 184 Example: Lock Denoting a Secure Connection .................................................................. 299
Figure 185 Management > Access Control > Service Access Control ................................................. 299
Figure 186 Management > Access Control > Remote Management ................................................... 300
Figure 187 Management > Diagnostic .................................................................................................. 303
Figure 188 Management > Syslog ........................................................................................................ 306
Figure 189 Management > Syslog > Server Setup .............................................................................. 307
Figure 190 Clustering Application Example .......................................................................................... 310
Figure 191 Management > Cluster Management ................................................................................. 310
Figure 192 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen ......................................311
Figure 193 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch .............................................. 312
Figure 194 Management > Clustering Management > Configuration ................................................... 313
Figure 195 MAC Table Flowchart ......................................................................................................... 316
Figure 196 Management > MAC Table ................................................................................................. 316
Figure 197 IP Table Flowchart .............................................................................................................. 317
Figure 198 Management > IP Table ..................................................................................................... 318
Figure 199 Management > ARP Table ................................................................................................. 320
Figure 200 Management > Routing Table ........................................................................................... 321
Figure 201 Management > Configure Clone ........................................................................................323
Figure 202 Pop-up Blocker ................................................................................................................... 328
Figure 203 Internet Options .................................................................................................................. 329
Figure 204 Internet Options .................................................................................................................. 330
Figure 205 Pop-up Blocker Settings ..................................................................................................... 330
Figure 206 Internet Options .................................................................................................................. 331
Figure 207 Security Settings - Java Scripting ....................................................................................... 332
Figure 208 Security Settings - Java ...................................................................................................... 332
Figure 209 Java (Sun) .......................................................................................................................... 333
Figure 210 Network Number and Host ID ............................................................................................ 346
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
27
List of Figures
Figure 211 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting ............................................................................. 348
Figure 212 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting ............................................................................... 349
28
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1 Panel Connections ..................................................................................................................... 43
Table 2 Panel Connections ..................................................................................................................... 46
Table 3 LEDs .......................................................................................................................................... 47
Table 4 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview ........................................................................................ 53
Table 5 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details ............................................................................... 55
Table 6 Navigation Panel Links .............................................................................................................. 56
Table 7 Status ......................................................................................................................................... 68
Table 8 Status > Port Details .................................................................................................................. 69
Table 9 Basic Setting > System Info ....................................................................................................... 74
Table 10 Basic Setting > General Setup ................................................................................................. 75
Table 11 Basic Setting > Switch Setup ................................................................................................... 78
Table 12 Basic Setting > IP Setup .......................................................................................................... 80
Table 13 Basic Setting > Port Setup ....................................................................................................... 82
Table 14 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology ............................................................................................. 88
Table 15 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status ........................................................................... 90
Table 16 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail ......................................................................... 91
Table 17 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN .......................................................................... 92
Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting ................................................................ 93
Table 19 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN Setup ................ 95
Table 20 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Protocol Based VLAN Setup .............. 98
Table 21 Advanced Application > VLAN: Port Based VLAN Setup ...................................................... 102
Table 22 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding .................................................................... 104
Table 23 Advanced Application > FIltering ........................................................................................... 105
Table 24 STP Path Costs ..................................................................................................................... 108
Table 25 STP Port States ..................................................................................................................... 108
Table 26 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration ..........................................113
Table 27 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP ......................................................114
Table 28 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: RSTP ..........................................116
Table 29 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MRSTP ...................................................117
Table 30 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MRSTP .......................................119
Table 31 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP ..................................................... 122
Table 32 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MSTP ......................................... 124
Table 33 Advanced Application > Bandwidth Control ........................................................................... 128
Table 34 Advanced Application > Broadcast Storm Control ................................................................. 130
Table 35 Advanced Application > Mirroring .......................................................................................... 132
Table 36 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch ......................................................................................... 134
Table 37 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch .......................................................................................... 134
Table 38 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation Status .................................................................. 134
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
29
List of Tables
Table 39 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting .................................. 136
Table 40 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting > LACP ..................... 137
Table 41 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.1x ........................................................... 144
Table 42 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > MAC Authentication ...................................... 145
Table 43 Advanced Application > Port Security .................................................................................... 148
Table 44 Advanced Application > Classifier .......................................................................................... 152
Table 45 Classifier: Summary Table ..................................................................................................... 154
Table 46 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Number .................................................................... 154
Table 47 Common IP Ports ................................................................................................................... 155
Table 48 Advanced Application > Policy Rule ...................................................................................... 159
Table 49 Policy: Summary Table .......................................................................................................... 160
Table 50 Advanced Application > Queuing Method .............................................................................. 165
Table 51 VLAN Tag Format .................................................................................................................. 169
Table 52 Single and Double Tagged 802.11Q Frame Format .............................................................. 169
Table 53 802.1Q Frame ........................................................................................................................ 169
Table 54 Advanced Application > VLAN Stacking ................................................................................ 170
Table 55 Multicast Status ...................................................................................................................... 174
Table 56 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting ............................................................ 175
Table 57 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Snooping VLAN .................... 177
Table 58 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile ..................... 179
Table 59 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR ................................................ 182
Table 60 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR: Group Configuration ............. 184
Table 61 RADIUS vs TACACS+ ........................................................................................................... 188
Table 62 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > RADIUS Server Setup .......................................... 189
Table 63 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > TACACS+ Server Setup ....................................... 191
Table 64 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > Auth and Acct Setup ............................................. 193
Table 65 Supported VSAs .................................................................................................................... 195
Table 66 Supported Tunnel Protocol Attribute ...................................................................................... 196
Table 67 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Console ...................................................................... 198
Table 68 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Telnet/SSH ................................................................. 198
Table 69 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Console ...................................................................... 198
Table 70 IP Source Guard .................................................................................................................... 205
Table 71 IP Source Guard Static Binding ............................................................................................. 206
Table 72 DHCP Snooping ..................................................................................................................... 208
Table 73 DHCP Snooping Configure .................................................................................................... 210
Table 74 DHCP Snooping Port Configure ............................................................................................ 212
Table 75 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure ..........................................................................................213
Table 76 ARP Inspection Status ........................................................................................................... 214
Table 77 ARP Inspection VLAN Status ................................................................................................. 215
Table 78 ARP Inspection Log Status .................................................................................................... 216
Table 79 ARP Inspection Configure ...................................................................................................... 217
Table 80 ARP Inspection Port Configure .............................................................................................. 219
Table 81 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure ........................................................................................... 220
30
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
List of Tables
Table 82 Advanced Application > Loop Guard .....................................................................................223
Table 83 IP Application > Static Routing ............................................................................................... 227
Table 84 IP Application > RIP ............................................................................................................... 230
Table 85 OSPF vs. RIP ......................................................................................................................... 231
Table 86 OSPF: Router Types .............................................................................................................. 231
Table 87 IP Application > OSPF Status ................................................................................................ 234
Table 88 OSPF Status: Common Output Fields ................................................................................... 234
Table 89 IP Application > OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings ................................ 236
Table 90 IP Application > OSPF Configuration: Area Setup ................................................................. 237
Table 91 IP Application > OSPF Configuration: Summary Table .......................................................... 238
Table 92 IP Application > OSPF Configuration > OSPF Interface ........................................................ 239
Table 93 IP Application > OSPF Configuration > OSPF Virtual Link .................................................... 241
Table 94 IP Application > IGMP ............................................................................................................ 246
Table 95 IP Application > DVMRP ........................................................................................................ 249
Table 96 DVMRP: Default Timer Values ............................................................................................... 250
Table 97 IP Application > DiffServ ........................................................................................................ 254
Table 98 IP Application > DiffServ > 2-rate 3 Color Marker .................................................................. 255
Table 99 Default DSCP-IEEE 802.1p Mapping .................................................................................... 256
Table 100 IP Application > DiffServ > DSCP Setting ............................................................................ 257
Table 101 IP Application > DHCP Status .............................................................................................. 260
Table 102 IP Application > DHCP Server Status Detail ........................................................................ 261
Table 103 Relay Agent Information ...................................................................................................... 262
Table 104 IP Application > DHCP > Global .......................................................................................... 262
Table 105 IP Application > DHCP > VLAN ........................................................................................... 265
Table 106 IP Application > VRRP Status .............................................................................................. 268
Table 107 IP Application > VRRP Configuration > IP Interface ............................................................ 269
Table 108 IP Application > VRRP Configuration > VRRP Parameters ................................................. 271
Table 109 VRRP Configuring: VRRP Parameters ................................................................................ 272
Table 110 Management > Maintenance ................................................................................................ 279
Table 111 Filename Conventions .......................................................................................................... 283
Table 112 General Commands for GUI-based FTP Clients .................................................................. 284
Table 113 Access Control Overview ..................................................................................................... 285
Table 114 SNMP Commands ............................................................................................................... 286
Table 115 SNMP System Traps ............................................................................................................ 287
Table 116 SNMP InterfaceTraps ........................................................................................................... 288
Table 117 AAA Traps ............................................................................................................................ 289
Table 118 SNMP IP Traps .................................................................................................................... 289
Table 119 SNMP Switch Traps ............................................................................................................. 290
Table 120 Management > Access Control > SNMP ............................................................................. 291
Table 121 Management > Access Control > SNMP > Trap Group ....................................................... 293
Table 122 Management > Access Control > Logins ............................................................................. 294
Table 123 Management > Access Control > Service Access Control .................................................. 300
Table 124 Management > Access Control > Remote Management ..................................................... 300
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
31
List of Tables
Table 125 Management > Diagnostic ................................................................................................... 303
Table 126 Syslog Severity Levels ......................................................................................................... 305
Table 127 Management > Syslog ......................................................................................................... 306
Table 128 Management > Syslog > Server Setup ................................................................................ 307
Table 129 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications .................................................................... 309
Table 130 Management > Cluster Management ....................................................................................311
Table 131 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ............................................................................ 312
Table 132 Management > Clustering Management > Configuration .................................................... 313
Table 133 Management > MAC Table .................................................................................................. 316
Table 134 Management > IP Table ....................................................................................................... 318
Table 135 Management > ARP Table ................................................................................................... 320
Table 136 Management > Routing Table .............................................................................................. 321
Table 137 Management > Configure Clone .......................................................................................... 324
Table 138 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch ....................................................................... 327
Table 139 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch ................................................................................ 327
Table 140 Troubleshooting the Password ............................................................................................. 333
Table 141 Hardware Specifications ...................................................................................................... 335
Table 142 Firmware Specifications ....................................................................................................... 336
Table 143 Switching Specifications ....................................................................................................... 339
Table 144 Standards Supported ........................................................................................................... 340
Table 145 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example ............................................................ 346
Table 146 Subnet Masks ...................................................................................................................... 347
Table 147 Maximum Host Numbers ..................................................................................................... 347
Table 148 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ........................................................................................ 347
Table 149 Subnet 1 ............................................................................................................................... 349
Table 150 Subnet 2 ............................................................................................................................... 350
Table 151 Subnet 3 ............................................................................................................................... 350
Table 152 Subnet 4 ............................................................................................................................... 350
Table 153 Eight Subnets ....................................................................................................................... 350
Table 154 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................. 351
Table 155 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................. 351
32
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
PART I
Introduction
Getting to Know Your Switch (35)
Hardware Installation and Connection (39)
Hardware Overview (43)
33
34
CHAPTER 1
Getting to Know Your Switch
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the Switch.
1.1 Introduction
Your Switch is a stand-alone, layer-3, Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) switch with two 12 Gigabit
stacking ports as well as support for an optional 2-port 10 Gigabit uplink module. By
integrating router functions, the Switch performs wire-speed layer-3 routing in addition to
layer-2 switching.
The XGS-4528F comes with 24 GbE dual personality interfaces. A dual personality interface
includes one Gigabit port and one slot for a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module) with one
port active at a time.
There are two XGS-4528F models. The XGS-4528F DC model requires DC power supply
input of -36 VDC to -72 VDC, 1.5 A Max no tolerance. The XGS-4528F AC model requires
100 VAC to 240 VAC, 0.8 A power.
With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the Switch is easy. In addition,
the Switch can also be managed via Telnet, any terminal emulator program on the console
port, or third-party SNMP management.
See Chapter 45 on page 335 for a full list of software features available on the Switch.
1.1.1 Bridging Example
In this example the Switch connects different company departments (RD and Sales) to the
corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server and network
bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed department servers
via the Switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using the optional 10
Gigabit uplink module on the Switch.
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
35
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Figure 1 Bridging Application
Backbone
RD
1.1.2 High Performance Switching Example
The Switch is ideal for connecting two geographically dispersed networks that need high
bandwidth. In the following example, a company uses the optional 10 Gigabit uplink modules
to connect the headquarters to a branch office network. Within the headquarters network, a
company can use trunking to group several physical ports into one logical higher-capacity
link. Trunking can be used if for example, it is cheaper to use multiple lower-speed links than
to under-utilize a high-speed, but more costly, single-port link.
Figure 2 High Performance Switching
10 Gbps
Branch
Sales
Trunk
36
HQ
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
1.1.3 Gigabit Ethernet to the Desktop
The Switch is an ideal solution for small networks which demand high bandwidth for a group
of heavy traffic users. You can connect computers and servers directly to the Switch’s port or
connect other switches to the Switch. Use the optional 10 Gigabit uplink module to provide
high speed access to a data server and the Internet. The uplink module supports a fiber-optic
connection which alleviates the distance limitations of copper cabling.
In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server and access the
Internet. To expand the network, simply add more networking devices such as switches,
routers, computers, print servers and so on.
Figure 3 Gigabit to the Desktop
Internet
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Example
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one or more groups. With
VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from stations that are not in the same group(s)
unless such traffic first goes through a router.
For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 8 on page 87.
1.1.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example
Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain, thus increasing
network performance by reducing broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time
by adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.
Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server. In
the following figure only ports that need access to the server need to be part of VLAN 1. Ports
can belong to other VLAN groups too.
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
37
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example
1.2 Ways to Manage the Switch
Use any of the following methods to manage the Switch.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the Switch using a
(supported) web browser. See Chapter 4 on page 51.
• Command Line Interface. Line commands offer an alternative to the Web Configurator
and may be necessary to configure advanced features. See the CLI Reference Guide.
• FTP. Use File Transfer Protocol for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore.
See Section 34.8 on page 283.
• SNMP. The device can be monitored and/or managed by an SNMP manager. See Section
35.3 on page 286.
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Switch
Do the following things regularly to make the Switch more secure and to manage the Switch
more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of
different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an
earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even
crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the Switch to its factory
default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to
totally re-configure the Switch. You could simply restore your last configuration.
38
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 2
Hardware Installation and
Connection
This chapter shows you how to install and connect the Switch.
2.1 Freestanding Installation
1 Make sure the Switch is clean and dry.
2 Set the Switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the
Switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.
3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the Switch to allow air circulation and the
attachment of cables and the power cord.
4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.
5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the Switch. These rubber feet help
protect the Switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when
stacking.
Figure 5 Attaching Rubber Feet
" Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when
stacking.
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Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
" For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the Switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the
installation steps.
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements
• Two mounting brackets.
• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
1 Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.
2.2.1.1 Precautions
• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.
• Make sure the position of the Switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take
all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch
1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the Switch, lining up the four screw holes on
the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the Switch.
Figure 6 Attaching the Mounting Brackets
40
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the Switch.
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the
Switch.
4 You may now mount the Switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the Switch) on one side of the
rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.
Figure 7 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the rack.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.
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41
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
42
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 3
Hardware Overview
This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the Switch and shows you how to
make the hardware connections.
3.1 Front Panel Connections
The figure below shows the front panel of the Switch.
Figure 8 Front Panel
The following table describes the ports.
Table 1 Panel Connections
CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
24 Dual
Personality
Interfaces
Each interface has one 1000Base-T copper RJ-45 port and one mini-GBIC (Gigabit
Interface Converter) fiber port, with one port active at a time.
• 24 1000Base-T Ports:
Connect these ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet switches
using Category 5/5e/6 1000Base-T Ethernet cables.
• 24 Mini-GBIC Ports:
Use Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) transceivers in these ports for
1000Base-X fiber-optic connections to backbone Ethernet switches.
3.1.1 Dual Personality Interfaces
There are 24 Dual Personality interfaces, comprising 24 1000Base-T/mini-GBIC combo ports.
For each interface you can connect either to the 1000Base-T port or the mini-GBIC port. The
mini-GBIC ports have priority over the 1000Base-T ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC
port and the corresponding 1000Base-T port are connected at the same time, the 1000Base-T
port will be disabled.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3.1.2 1000Base-T Ports
The Switch has 24 1000Base-T auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Ethernet ports. In 100/1000
Mbps Gigabit Ethernet, the speed can be 100 Mbps or 1000 Mbps. The duplex mode can be
both half or full duplex at 100 Mbps and full duplex only at 1000 Mbps.
An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed (100/1000
Mbps) and duplex mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.
An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or
crossover Ethernet cable.
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings
The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the Switch are:
• Speed: Auto
• Duplex: Auto
• Flow control: Off
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots
These are 24 slots for Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) transceivers. A transceiver is a
single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. Use a transceiver to connect a fiber-optic
cable to the Switch. The Switch does not come with transceivers. You must use transceivers
that comply with the Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) Transceiver MultiSource Agreement
(MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i specification Rev 1.0 for details.
You can change transceivers while the Switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.
• Type: SFP connection interface
• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)
1 To avoid possible eye injury, do not look into an operating fiber-optic module’s
connectors.
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation
Use the following steps to install a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP or XFP module).
1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Figure 9 Transceiver Installation Example
2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
3 The Switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that
it is functioning properly.
Figure 10 Installed Transceiver
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal
Use the following steps to remove a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
Figure 11 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example
2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
Figure 12 Transceiver Removal Example
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45
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3.2 Rear Panel
The following figures show the rear panels of the AC and DC power input model switches.
The rear panels contain:
• A connector for the backup power supply (A)
• An optional uplink module (B)
• Two stacking ports (C)
• An RJ-45 out-of-band management port (D)
• An RS-232 management console port (E)
• A connector for the power receptacle (F)
•A power switch (G) (DC power input model only).
Figure 13 Rear Panel - AC Model
BDEFA
Figure 14 Rear Panel - DC Model
C
G
F
The following table describes the ports on the rear panel.
Table 2 Panel Connections
CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
Optional two
10 GbE Ports
Two stacking
ports
Management
Port
Console Port Only connect this port to your computer (using an RS-232 cable) if you want to
These ports are part of the optional uplink module which you can use to connect your
switch to other high-speed Ethernet switches in your network. Use 10 Gigabit Small
Form Factor Pluggable (XFP) transceivers to connect 1000Base-X fiber-optic cables
to these ports. See Section 3.1.3.1 on page 44 and Section 3.1.3.2 on page 45 for
information on installing and removing transceivers. See the EM-422 User’s Guide for
more information on this module.
Connect these ports to other XGS-4528F switches for stacking using stacking cables.
Connect to a computer using an RJ-45 Ethernet cable for local configuration of the
Switch.
configure the Switch using the command line interface (CLI) via the console port.
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XGS-4528F User’s Guide
3.2.1 Power Connector
Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.
To connect the power to the Switch, insert the female end of power cord to the power
receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to a power
outlet. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.
The Switch’s AC unit requires a power supply of 100~240 VAC, 0.8 A.
The Switch’s DC version requires a power supply of -48 VDC to -60 VDC, 2.3 A max, no
tolerance.
3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector
The Switch supports external backup power supply (BPS).
The Switch constantly monitors the status of the internal power supply. The backup power
supply automatically provides power to the Switch in the event of a power failure. Once the
Switch receives power from the backup power supply, it will not automatically switch back to
using the internal power supply even when the power is resumed.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3.2.3 Console Port
For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured
to the following parameters:
• VT100 terminal emulation
• 9600 bps
• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
• No flow control
Connect the male 9-pin end of the RS-232 console cable to the console port of the Switch.
Connect the female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.
3.3 LEDs
The following table describes the LEDs.
Table 3 LEDs
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
BPS Green Blinking The system is receiving power from the backup power supply.
PWR Green On The system is turned on.
SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.
On The backup power supply is connected and active.
Off The backup power supply is not ready or not active.
Off The system is off.
On The system is on and functioning properly.
Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Table 3 LEDs (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.
S1 Green On The Switch is connected to other switches in the stack on
S2 Green On The Switch is connected to other switches in the stack on
System Status Displays
1000Base-T Gigabit Ports ( )
1-24 Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 10/1000 Mbps
Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 100 Mbps Ethernet
1000Base-X Mini-GBIC Slots ( )
1-24 Green On The port has a successful connection.
Off The system is functioning normally.
Stacking Port 1.
Off The Switch is not connected to other switches in the stack on
Stacking Port 1.
Stacking Port 2.
Off The Switch is not connected to other switches in the stack on
hourglass
icon
Displays
Stack ID
number
On The link to a 10/1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data.
Off This link is disconnected.
Stacking Port 2.
The Switch is starting up.
The LED is showing the Stack ID number of the Switch.
Ethernet network.
network.
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XGS-4528F User’s Guide
PART II
Basic Configuration
The Web Configurator (51)
Initial Setup Example (61)
System Status and Port Statistics (67)
Basic Setting (73)
49
50
CHAPTER 4
The Web Configurator
This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.
4.1 Introduction
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy Switch setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by
default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
4.2 System Login
1 Start your web browser.
2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the Switch (for example, the default is 192.168.1.1)
in the Location or Address field. Press [ENTER].
3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default
password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time
server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.
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51
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login
4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.
4.3 The Status Screen
The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.
The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.
Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)
BDC
A
E
52
A - Click the menu items to open submenu links, and then click on a submenu link to open the
screen in the main window.
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
B, C, D, E - These are quick links which allow you to perform certain tasks no matter which
screen you are currently working in.
B - Click this link to save your configuration into the Switch’s nonvolatile memory.
Nonvolatile memory is saved in the configuration file from which the Switch booted from and
it stays the same even if the Switch’s power is turned off. See Section 34.3 on page 280 for
information on saving your settings to a specific configuration file.
C - Click this link to go to the status page of the Switch.
D - Click this link to log out of the web configurator.
E - Click this link to display web help pages. The help pages provide descriptions for all of the
configuration screens.
In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.
Table 4 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview
BASIC SETTING
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
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53
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Table 5 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details
BASIC SETTING ADVANCED APPLICATION IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
System Info
General Setup
Switch Setup
IP Setup
Port Setup
VLAN (Status)
VLAN Port Setting
- Subnet Based VLAN
- Protocol Based VLAN
Static VLAN
Static MAC Forwarding
Filtering
Spanning Tree Protocol (Status)
Configuration
RSTP
MRSTP
MSTP
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm Control
Mirroring
Link Aggregation (Status)
Link Aggregation Setting
- Link Aggregation Control
Protocol
Port Authentication
802.1x
MAC Authentication
Port Security
Classifier
Policy Rule
Queuing Method
VLAN Stacking
Multicast (Status)
Multicast Setting
- IGMP Snooping VLAN
- IGMP Filtering Profile
- MVR
-- Group Configuration
Authentication and Accounting
RADIUS Server Setup
TACACS+ Server Setup
Auth and Acct Setup
IP Source Guard
IP Source Guard Static
Binding
DHCP Snooping
- DHCP Snooping Configure
-- DHCP Snooping Port
Configure
-- DHCP Snooping VLAN
Configure
ARP Inspection Status
- ARP Inspection VLAN Status
- ARP Inspection Log Status
- ARP Inspection Configure
-- ARP Inspection Port
Configure
-- ARP Inspection VLAN
Configure
Loop Guard
Static Routing
RIP
OSPF (Status)
OSPF Configuration
- OSPF Interface
- OSPF Virtual-Link
IGMP
DVMRP
DiffServ
2-Rate 3 Color
Marker
DSCP Setting
DHCP (Status)
DHCP Relay
VLAN Setting
VRRP (Status)
VRRP Configuration
Maintenance
Firmware Upgrade
Restore Configuration
Backup Configuration
Access Control
SNMP
- Trap Group
Logins
Service Access Control
Remote Management
Diagnostic
Syslog (Setup)
Syslog Server Setup
Cluster Management
(Status)
Configuration
MAC Table
IP Table
ARP Table
Routing Table (Status)
Configure Clone
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.
Table 6 Navigation Panel Links
LINK DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings
System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware
monitoring information.
General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification
information and time settings for the Switch.
Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global Switch parameters
such as VLAN type, MAC address learning, IGMP snooping, GARP and priority
queues.
IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IP address, subnet
mask (necessary for Switch management) and DNS (domain name server) and set
up to 64 IP routing domains.
Port Setup This link takes you to screens where you can configure speed, flow control and
priority settings for individual Switch ports.
Advanced Application
VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q
VLAN (depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu). You can also
configure a protocol based VLAN or a subnet based VLAN in these screens.
Static MAC
Forwarding
Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Bandwidth
Control
Broadcast Storm
Control
Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports to
Link Aggregation This link takes you to screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to
Port
Authentication
Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate MAC address learning and
Classifier This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the Switch to group
Policy Rule This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the Switch to perform
Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure queuing with associated
VLAN Stacking This link takes you to a screen where you can activate and configure VLAN
Multicast This link takes you to screen where you can configure various multicast features
This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses for a
port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.
This link takes you to screens where you can configure the RSTP/MRSTP/MSTP to
prevent network loops.
This link takes you to screens where you can cap the maximum bandwidth allowed
from specified source(s) to specified destination(s).
This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.
another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without
interference.
form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure IEEE 802.1x port
authentication as well as MAC authentication for clients communicating via the
Switch.
set the maximum number of MAC addresses to learn on a port.
packets based on the specified criteria.
special treatment on the grouped packets.
queue weights for each port.
stacking.
and create multicast VLANs.
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Table 6 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
Auth and Acct This link takes you to screens where you can configure authentication and
accounting services via external servers. The external servers can be either
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) or TACACS+ (Terminal
Access Controller Access-Control System Plus).
IP Source Guard This link takes you to screens where you can configure filtering of unauthorized
DHCP and ARP packets in your network.
Loop Guard This link takes you to a screen where you can configure protection against network
loops that occur on the edge of your network.
IP Application
Static Route This link takes you to a screen where you can configure static routes. A static route
defines how the Switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP parameters
manually.
RIP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the RIP (Routing
Information Protocol) direction and versions.
OSPF This link takes you to screens where you can view the OSPF status and configure
IGMP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IGMP settings.
DVMRP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the DVMRP (Distance
DiffServ This link takes you to screens where you can enable DiffServ, configure marking
DHCP This link takes you to screens where you can configure the DHCP settings.
VRRP This link takes you to screens where you can configure redundant virtual router for
Management
Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration
Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password
Diagnostic This link takes you to screens where you can view system logs and can test port(s).
Syslog This link takes you to screens where you can setup system logs and a system log
Cluster
Management
MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC address and VLAN ID
IP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the IP addresses and VLAN ID
ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC address – IP address
Routing Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the routing table.
Configure Clone This link takes you to a screen where you can copy attributes of one port to
OSPF settings.
Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) settings.
rules and set DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p mappings.
your network.
file maintenance as well as reboot the system.
and configure SNMP and remote management.
server.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management
and view its status.
of a device attach to a port. You can also view what kind of device it is.
of a device attached to a port.You can also view what kind of device it is.
resolution table.
(an)other port(s).
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
4.3.1 Change Your Password
After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator
password. Click Management > Access Control > Logins to display the next screen.
Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password
4.4 Saving Your Configuration
When you are done modifying the settings in a screen, click Apply to save your changes back
to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s power is
turned off.
Click the Save link in the upper right hand corner of the web configurator to save your
configuration to nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory refers to the Switch’s storage that
remains even if the Switch’s power is turned off.
" Use the Save link when you are done with a configuration session.
4.5 Switch Lockout
You could block yourself (and all others) from using in-band-management (managing through
the data ports) if you do one of the following:
1 Delete the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).
2 Delete all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the
management port of the Switch.
3 Filter all traffic to the CPU port.
4 Disable all ports.
5 Misconfigure the text configuration file.
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
6 Forget the password and/or IP address.
7 Prevent all services from accessing the Switch.
8 Change a service port number but forget it.
" Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the Switch. If you do lock
yourself out, try using out-of-band management (via the management port) to
configure the Switch.
4.6 Resetting the Switch
If you lock yourself (and others) from the Switch or forget the administrator password, you
will need to reload the factory-default configuration file or reset the Switch back to the factory
defaults.
4.6.1 Reload the Configuration File
Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the
factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations
and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no
parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and
the IP address to 192.168.1.1.
To upload the configuration file, do the following:
1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See
Section 3.2 on page 46 for details.
2 Disconnect and reconnect the Switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect
the Switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.
3 When you see the message “
seconds ...
4 Type
5 Wait for the “
6 After a configuration file upload, type
atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.
upload on your terminal.
” press any key to enter debug mode.
Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM
Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3
atgo to restart the Switch.
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59
Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Figure 18 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port
Bootbase Version: V1.00 | 01/23/2007 11:56:33
RAM:Size = 64 Mbytes
DRAM POST: Testing: 65536K OK
DRAM Test SUCCESS !
FLASH: Intel 32M
ZyNOS Version: V3.80(ARC.0)b4 | 07/04/2007 19:06:37
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.....................
Enter Debug Mode
ras> atlc
Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Total 393216 bytes received.
Erasing..
................................................................
OK
ras> atgo
The Switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default
password of “1234”.
4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator
Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password
again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session for
security reasons.
Figure 19 Web Configurator: Logout Screen
4.8 Help
The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.
60
Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that
screen.
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 5
Initial Setup Example
This chapter shows how to set up the Switch for an example network.
5.1 Overview
The following lists the configuration steps for the example network:
• Configure an IP interface
• Configure DHCP server settings
• Create a VLAN
• Set port VLAN ID
• Enable RIP
5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface
On a layer-3 switch, an IP interface (also known as an IP routing domain) is not bound to a
physical port. The default IP address of the Switch is 192.168.1.1 with a subnet mask of
255.255.255.0.
In the example network, since the RD network is already in the same IP interface as the
Switch, you don’t need to create an IP interface for it. However, if you want to have the Sales
network on a different routing domain, you need to create a new IP interface. This allows the
Switch to route traffic between the RD and Sales networks.
Figure 20 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface
1 Connect your computer to the MGMT port that is used only for management. Make
sure your computer is in the same subnet as the MGMT port.
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Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.0.1 (the default MGMT port IP address) in
the address bar to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 51 for more
information.
3 Click Basic Setting and IP Setup
in the navigation panel.
4 Configure the related fields in the
IP Setup screen.
For the Sales network, enter
192.168.2.1 as the IP address and
255.255.255.0 as the subnet
mask.
5 In the VID field, enter the ID of
the VLAN group to which you
want this IP interface to belong.
This is the same as the VLAN ID
you configure in the Static
VLAN screen.
6 Click Add to save the settings to
the run-time memory. Settings in
the run-time memory are lost
when the Switch’s power is
turned off.
EXAMPLE
5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings
You can set the Switch to assign network information (such as the IP address, DNS server,
etc.) to DHCP clients on the network.
For the example network, configure two DHCP client pools on the Switch for the DHCP
clients in the RD and Sales networks.
1 In the web configurator, click IP
Application and DHCP in the
navigation panel and click the
VLAN link.
2 In the VLAN Setting screen,
specify the ID of the VLAN to
which the DHCP clients belong,
the starting IP address pool,
subnet mask, default gateway
address and the DNS server
address(es).
3 Click Add to save the settings to
the run-time memory. Settings in
the run-time memory are lost
when the Switch’s power is
turned off.
EXAMPLE
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XGS-4528F User’s Guide
5.1.3 Creating a VLAN
VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can
do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.
In this example, you want to configure port 1 as a member of VLAN 2.
Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN
1 Click Advanced Application > VLAN in the navigation panel and click the Static
VLAN link.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
2 In the Static VLAN screen, select
ACTIVE, enter a descriptive
name in the Name field and enter
2 in the VLAN Group ID field
for the VLAN2 network.
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EXAMPLE
63
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
" The VLAN Group ID field in this screen and the VID field in the IP Setup
screen refer to the same VLAN ID.
3 Since the VLAN2 network is connected to port 1 on the Switch, select Fixed to
configure port 1 to be a permanent member of the VLAN only.
4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware devices (such as computers and hubs) can receive frames
properly, clear the TX Tagging check box to set the Switch to remove VLAN tags
before sending.
5 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory
are lost when the Switch’s power is turned off.
5.1.4 Setting Port VID
Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames
are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 1 so that any untagged frames
received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.
Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID
1 Click Advanced Applications
and VLAN in the navigation
panel. Then click the VLAN
Port Setting link.
2 Enter 2 in the PVID field for
port 1 and click Apply to save
your changes back to the runtime memory. Settings in the
run-time memory are lost when
the Switch’s power is turned off.
EXAMPLE
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5.1.5 Enabling RIP
To exchange routing information with other routing devices across different routing domains,
enable RIP (Routing Information Protocol) in the RIP screen.
1 Click IP Application and RIP in the navigation panel.
2 Select Both in the Direction
field to set the Switch to
broadcast and receive
routing information.
3 In the Ver si on field, select
RIP-1 for the RIP packet
format that is universally
supported.
4 Click Apply to save your changes back to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time
memory are lost when the Switch’s power is turned off.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
EXAMPLE
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CHAPTER 6
System Status and Port
Statistics
This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details
screens.
6.1 Overview
The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary with links to each
port showing statistical details.
6.2 Port Status Summary
To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Status
screen as shown next.
Figure 23 Status
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details
Name This is the name you assigned to this port in the Basic Setting > Port Setup screen.
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10 Mbps, 100M for 100 Mbps, 1000M
State If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the
LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the transmission speed of data sent on this port in kilobytes per
Rx KB/s This field shows the transmission speed of data received on this port in kilobytes per
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has
Clear Counter Type a port number, select Port and then click Clear Counter to erase the recorded
screen (refer to Figure 24 on page 69).
for 1000 Mbps, and 10G for 10 Gbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half).
It also shows the cable type (Copper or Fiber) for the combo ports.
port. (see Section 11.1.3 on page 108 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
enabled on the port.
second.
second.
been up.
statistical information for that port, or select Any to clear statistics for all ports.
6.2.1 Status: Port Details
Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics.
Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the
Switch.
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Figure 24 Status: Port Details
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 Status > Port Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Info
Port NO. This field displays the port number you are viewing.
Name This field displays the name of the port.
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbpsl, 1000M for
Status If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the port
LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the transmission speed of data sent on this port in kilobytes per
1000 Mbps, and 10G for 10 Gbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half
duplex). It also shows the cable type (Copper or Fiber).
(see Section 11.1.3 on page 108 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
second.
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
Table 8 Status > Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Rx KB/s This field shows the transmission speed of data received on this port in kilobytes per
second.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.
Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.
TX Packets This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
transmitted.
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.
Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags transmitted.
Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets received.
RX
Packets
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.
Control This field shows the number of control packets received (including those with CRC
TX Collision
The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.
Single This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission is inhibited
Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission was
Excessive This is a count of packets for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.
Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the
Error Packet The following fields display detailed information about packets received that were in
RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check)
Length This field shows the number of packets received with a length that was out of range.
Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64
Distribution
64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64
65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
received.
error) but it does not include the 802.3x Pause packets.
by exactly one collision.
inhibited by more than one collision.
Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the
retransmission count is reset.
packets have already been transmitted.
error.
error(s).
octets), including the ones with CRC errors.
octets in length.
between 65 and 127 octets in length.
between 128 and 255 octets in length.
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics
Table 8 Status > Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 256 and 511 octets in length.
512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 512 and 1023 octets in length.
10241518
Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the
This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.
maximum frame size.
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CHAPTER 7
Basic Setting
This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP
Setup and Port Setup screens.
7.1 Overview
The System Info screen displays general Switch information (such as firmware version
number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen
allows you to configure general Switch identification information. The General Setup screen
also allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an
external server when you turn on your Switch. The real time is then displayed in the Switch
logs. The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global Switch features. The
IP Setup screen allows you to configure a Switch IP address in each routing domain, subnet
mask(s) and DNS (domain name server) for management purposes.
7.2 System Information
In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting > System Info to display the screen as shown.
You can check the firmware version number and monitor the Switch temperature, fan speeds
and voltage in this screen.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 25 Basic Setting > System Info
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 Basic Setting > System Info
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the Switch for identification purposes.
ZyNOS F/W
Ver si on
Ethernet
Address
Hardware Monitor
Temperature
Unit
Temperature BOARD, PHY, and MAC refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the
Current This shows the current temperature at this sensor.
MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.
MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.
Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.
Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those
Fan Speed
(RPM)
Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).
MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in RPM.
MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in RPM. “<41" is displayed for
This field displays the version number of the Switch 's current firmware including the
date created.
This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the Switch.
The Switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the
temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit
(Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.
Switch printed circuit board.
above.
A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently
ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the
temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.
speeds too small to measure (under 2000 RPM).
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Table 9 Basic Setting > System Info (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.
Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error
indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.
Voltage (V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.
Current This is the current voltage reading.
MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.
MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.
Threshold This field displays the percentage tolerance of the voltage with which the Switch still
works.
Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this
point; otherwise Error is displayed.
7.3 General Setup
Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Use this screen to configure general settings such as the system name and time. Click Basic
Setting and General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
Figure 26 Basic Setting > General Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Basic Setting > General Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name Type a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to 64
Location Type the geographic location of your Switch. You can use up to 32 printable ASCII
XGS-4528F User’s Guide
printable characters; spaces are allowed.
characters; spaces are allowed.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 10 Basic Setting > General Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Contact Person's
Name
Use Time Server
when Bootup
Time Server IP
Address
Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).
New Time
(hh:min:ss)
Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.
New Date (yyyymm-dd)
Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly
Daylight Saving
Time
Start Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected
Type the name of the person in charge of this Switch. You can use up to 32
printable ASCII characters; spaces are allowed.
Type the time service protocol that your timeserver uses. Not all time servers
support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to find a protocol that
works. The main differences between them are the time format.
When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the Switch displays the day,
month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format, it is
recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time
zone.
Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of
seconds since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.
NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868).
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the
Switch, the time and date will be reset to 1970-1-1 0:0.
Type the IP address of your timeserver. The Switch searches for the timeserver for
up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen
will appear locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.
Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears
in the Current Time field after you click Apply.
Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in
the Current Date field after you click Apply.
known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list
box.
Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set
their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the
evening.
Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time.
Daylight Saving Time. The time is displayed in the 24 hour format. Here are a
couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the second
Sunday of March. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving
Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select Second,
Sunday, March and 2:00.
Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All
of the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the
same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select
Last, Sunday, March and the last field depends on your time zone. In Germany for
instance, you would select 2:00 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead
of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 10 Basic Setting > General Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
End Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected
Daylight Saving Time. The time field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple
of examples:
Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the last Sunday of October.
Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M.
local time. So in the United States you would select First, Sunday, November and
2:00.
Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October.
All of the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the
same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select
Last, Sunday, October and the last field depends on your time zone. In Germany
for instance, you would select 2:00 because Germany's time zone is one hour
ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.
7.4 Introduction to VLANs
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security
among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from
accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the
printers and hard disks of another user on the same network.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast
packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a
specific broadcast domain.
" VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.
See Chapter 8 on page 87 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
7.5 Switch Setup Screen
Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port
Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 27 Basic Setting > Switch Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Tabl e 11 Basic Setting > Switch Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on
Bridge Control
Protocol
Transparency
MAC Address
Learning
Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC
GARP Timer: Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See Chapter 8 on
page 87 for more background information.
Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each
Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.
Leave All Timer Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in
whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen.
See Chapter 8 on page 87 for more information.
Select Active to allow the Switch to handle bridging control protocols (STP, for
example). You also need to define how to treat a BPDU in the Port Setup screen.
MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address
learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.
addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be
relearned).
port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and
65535 milliseconds; the default is 200 milliseconds. See Chapter 8 on page 87 for
more background information.
Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger
than Join Timer; the default is 600 milliseconds.
milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be
larger than Leave Timer.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Tabl e 11 Basic Setting > Switch Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Priority Queue Assignment
IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default
priority of the ingress port. Use the following fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue
mapping.
The Switch has eight physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the Switch, traffic
assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if
the network is congested.
Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the
variations in delay).
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems
Network Architecture) transactions.
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.
7.6 IP Setup
Use the IP Setup screen to configure the default gateway device, the default domain name
server and add IP domains.
7.6.1 IP Interfaces
The Switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP
address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
On the Switch, as a layer-3 device, an IP address is not bound to any physical ports. Since each
IP address on the Switch must be in a separate subnet, the configured IP address is also known
as IP interface (or routing domain). In addition, this allows routing between subnets based on
the IP address without additional routers.
You can configure multiple routing domains on the same VLAN as long as the IP address
ranges for the domains do not overlap. To change the IP address of the Switch in a routing
domain, simply add a new routing domain entry with a different IP address in the same subnet.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 28 Basic Setting > IP Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Basic Setting > IP Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Default
Gateway
Domain Name
Server
Default
Management
Management IP Address
Use these fields to set the settings for the out-of-band management port.
IP Address Enter the out-of-band management IP address of your Switch in dotted decimal
IP Subnet
Mask
Default
Gateway
Type the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.1.254.
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to
use a domain name instead of an IP address.
Specify which traffic flow (In-Band or Out-of-band) the Switch is to send packets
originating from itself (such as SNMP traps) or packets with unknown source.
Select Out-of-band to have the Switch send the packets to the management port
labelled MGMT. This means that device(s) connected to the other port(s) do not
receive these packets.
Select In-Band to have the Switch send the packets to all ports except the
management port (labelled MGMT) to which connected device(s) do not receive
these packets.
notation. For example, 192.168.0.1.
Enter the IP subnet mask of your Switch in dotted decimal notation, for example,
255.255.255.0.
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example, 192.168.0.254
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 12 Basic Setting > IP Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
IP Interface
Use these fields to create or edit IP routing domains on the Switch.
IP Address Enter the IP address of your Switch in dotted decimal notation, for example,
192.168.1.1. This is the IP address of the Switch in an IP routing domain.
IP Subnet
Mask
VID Enter the VLAN identification number to which an IP routing domain belongs.
Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Index This field displays the index number of an entry.
IP Address This field displays IP address of the Switch in the IP domain.
IP Subnet
Mask
VID This field displays the VLAN identification number of the IP domain on the Switch.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Enter the IP subnet mask of an IP routing domain in dotted decimal notation, for
example, 255.255.255.0.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
This field displays the subnet mask of the Switch in the IP domain.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
7.7 Port Setup
Use this screen to configure Switch port settings.Click Basic Setting > Port Setup in the
navigation panel to display the configuration screen.
Note: Deleting all IP subnets locks you out of the Switch.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 29 Basic Setting > Port Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 13 Basic Setting > Port Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This is the port index number.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A
port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.
Name Type a descriptive name that identifies this port. You can enter up to 64 alpha-
numerical characters.
Note: Due to space limitations, the port name may be truncated in
some web configurator screens.
Type This field displays 10/100/1000M for a 1000Base-T connection and 10G for a 10
Gigabit Ethernet connection.
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Table 13 Basic Setting > Port Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Speed/Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the Ethernet connection on this port. The
choices are Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex and
100M/Full Duplex for a 1000Base-T connection. 1000M/Full Duplex is supported by
both 1000Base-T and 1000Base-X connections. 10G/Full Duplex is supported by the
10 Gigabit Ethernet connections.
Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port
automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends
support. When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the Switch negotiates with the
peer automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer
port does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the Switch determines
the connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex
mode. When the Switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the preconfigured speed and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to
make sure that the settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.
Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer
memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate
transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.
The Switch uses IEEE 802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and backpressure flow
control in half duplex mode.
IEEE 802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the
sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port
memory buffers fill.
Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision"
signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending
port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to
enable it.
802.1p Priority This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag.
See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 11 on page 78 for more information.
BPDU Control Configure the way to treat BPDUs received on this port. You must activate bridging
control protocol transparency in the Switch Setup screen first.
Select Peer to process any BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) received on this port.
Select Tunn el to forward BPDUs received on this port.
Select Discard to drop any BPDU received on this port.
Select Network to process a BPDU with no VLAN tag and forward a tagged BPDU.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
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PART III
Advanced Setup
VLAN (87)
Static MAC Forward Setup (103)
Filtering (105)
Spanning Tree Protocol (107)
Bandwidth Control (127)
Broadcast Storm Control (129)
Mirroring (131)
Link Aggregation (133)
Port Authentication (141)
Port Security (147)
Classifier (151)
Policy Rule (157)
Queuing Method (163)
VLAN Stacking (167)
Multicast (173)
Authentication & Accounting (187)
IP Source Guard (201)
Loop Guard (221)
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CHAPTER 8
VLAN
The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup
screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs.
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were
created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The
VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches
need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an
untagged frame and contains two bytes for the TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within
the type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes for the TCI (Tag Control
Information, starting after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet
switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not
be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID,
giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID
are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a
priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the
ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to
identify priority frames and the value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible
number of VLAN configurations is 4,094.
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 bits
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames
Each port on the Switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the Switch first
decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the Switch first
decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's
default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
A broadcast frame (or a multicast frame for a multicast group that is known by the system) is
duplicated only on ports that are members of the VID (except the ingress port itself), thus
confining the broadcast to a specific domain.
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8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration
GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across
switches.
8.2.1 GARP
GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and deregister attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a
protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific
application, for example, GVRP.
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers
Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.
8.2.2 GVRP
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for
switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this
function to permit VLAN groups beyond the local Switch.
Please refer to the following table for common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology.
Table 14 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology
VLAN PARAMETER TERM DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.
Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/
deregistration process.
VLAN Administrative
Control
VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing
VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that
Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.
Registration
Forbidden
Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.
Untagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN don't tag all
Acceptable Frame
Type
Ingress filtering If set, the Switch discards incoming frames for VLANs
Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the
specified VLAN.
frames transmitted.
outgoing frames transmitted.
this port received.
You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged
incoming frames, just tagged incoming frames or just
untagged incoming frames on a port.
that do not have this port as a member.
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8.3 Port VLAN Trunking
Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to
pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices
without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.
The following figure describes VLAN Trunking. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1
and 2 (V1 and V2) on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure
VLAN groups 1 and 2 on all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop
frames with unknown VLAN group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a
port(s) in each intermediary switch you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices
(A and B). C, D and E automatically allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN
groups that are unknown to those switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).
Figure 30 Port VLAN Trunking
Chapter 8 VLAN
8.4 Select the VLAN Type
Select a VLAN type in the Basic Setting > Switch Setup screen.
Figure 31 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type
8.5 Static VLAN
Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be
• sent to a VLAN group as normal depending on its VLAN tag.
• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.
• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.
You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the
specified VID.
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8.5.1 Static VLAN Status
See Section 8.1 on page 87 for more information on Static VLAN. Click Advanced
Application > VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status screen as shown
next.
Figure 32 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
The Number of
VLAN
Index This is the VLAN index number. Click on an index number to view more VLAN
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the Switch; dynamic - using GVRP,
Change Pages Click Previous or Next to show the previous/next screen if all status information
This is the number of VLANs configured on the Switch.
details.
screen.
static VLAN was set up.
static - added as a permanent entry or other - added in another way such as via
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).
cannot be seen in one screen.
8.5.2 Static VLAN Details
Use this screen to view detailed port settings and status of the VLAN group. See Section 8.1
on page 87 for more information on static VLAN. Click on an index number in the VLAN
Status screen to display VLAN details.
Figure 33 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 16 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Status Click this to go to the VLAN Status screen.
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN
screen.
Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is
marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN
are marked as “–“.
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a
static VLAN was set up.
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the Switch; dynamic - using GVRP,
static - added as a permanent entry or other - added in another way such as via
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).
8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN
Use this screen to configure and view 802.1Q VLAN parameters for the Switch. See Section
8.1 on page 87 for more information on static VLAN. To configure a static VLAN, click
Static VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the screen as shown next.
Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 34 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN
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The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 17 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings.
Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes. This name
VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this static entry; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.
Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is
Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames transmitted with
Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the
Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
consists of up to 64 printable characters; spaces are allowed.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
the default selection.
Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group.
Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.
this VLAN Group ID.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.
VLAN settings.
8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings
Use the VLAN Port Setting screen to configure the static VLAN (IEEE 802.1Q) settings on a
port. See Section 8.1 on page 87 for more information on static VLAN. Click the VLAN Port
Setting link in the VLAN Status screen.
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Figure 35 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting
Chapter 8 VLAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a
way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the
network.
Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local Switch.
Port Isolation Port Isolation allows each port to communicate only with the CPU management
port and the uplink ports but not communicate with each other. This option is the
most limiting but also the most secure.
Port This field displays the port number.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
Ingress Check If this check box is selected for a port, the Switch discards incoming frames for
VLANs that do not include this port in its member set.
Clear this check box to disable ingress filtering.
PVID Enter a number between 1and 4094 as the port VLAN ID.
GVRP Select this check box to allow GVRP on this port.
Acceptable
Frame Type
Specify the type of frames allowed on a port. Choices are All and Tag On ly.
Select All from the drop-down list box to accept all untagged or tagged frames on
this port. This is the default setting.
Select Tag Only to accept only tagged frames on this port. All untagged frames
will be dropped.
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Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Trunking Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not
ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through the Switch.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
8.6 Subnet Based VLANs
Subnet based VLANs allow you to group traffic into logical VLANs based on the source IP
subnet you specify. When a frame is received on a port, the Switch checks if a tag is added
already and the IP subnet it came from. The untagged packets from the same IP subnet are then
placed in the same subnet based VLAN. One advantage of using subnet based VLANs is that
priority can be assigned to traffic from the same IP subnet.
For example, an ISP (Internet Service Provider) may divide different types of services it
provides to customers into different IP subnets. Traffic for voice services is designated for IP
subnet 172.16.1.0/24, video for 192.168.1.0/24 and data for 10.1.1.0/24. The Switch can then
be configured to group incoming traffic based on the source IP subnet of incoming frames.
You can then configure a subnet based VLAN with priority 6 and VID of 100 for traffic
received from IP subnet 172.16.1.0/24 (voice services). You can also have a subnet based
VLAN with priority 5 and VID of 200 for traffic received from IP subnet 192.168.1.0/24
(video services). Lastly, you can configure VLAN with priority 3 and VID of 300 for traffic
received from IP subnet 10.1.1.0/24 (data services). All untagged incoming frames will be
classified based on their source IP subnet and prioritized accordingly. That is, video services
receive the highest priority and data the lowest.
Figure 36 Subnet Based VLAN Application Example
Tagged Frames
Internet
Untagged
Frames
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172.16.1.0/24
VID = 100
192.168.1.0/24
VID = 200
10.1.1.0/24
VID = 300
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8.7 Configuring Subnet Based VLAN
Click Subnet Based VLAN in the VLAN Port Setting screen to display the configuration
screen as shown.
" Subnet based VLAN applies to un-tagged packets and is applicable only when
you use IEEE 802.1Q tagged VLAN.
Figure 37 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 19 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Check this box to activate this subnet based VLANs on the Switch.
DHCP-Vlan
Override
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Active Check this box to activate the IP subnet VLAN you are creating or editing.
Name Enter up to 32 alphanumeric characters to identify this subnet based VLAN.
IP Enter the IP address of the subnet for which you want to configure this subnet based
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When DHCP snooping is enabled DHCP clients can renew their IP address through
the DHCP VLAN or via another DHCP server on the subnet based VLAN.
Select this checkbox to force the DHCP clients in this IP subnet to obtain their IP
addresses through the DHCP VLAN.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
VLAN.
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Table 19 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Mask-Bits Enter the bit number of the subnet mask. To find the bit number, convert the subnet
VID Enter the ID of a VLAN with which the untagged frames from the IP subnet specified in
Priority Select the priority level that the Switch assigns to frames belonging to this VLAN.
Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Index This is the index number identifying this subnet based VLAN. Click on any of these
Active This field shows whether the subnet based VLAN is active or not.
Name This field shows the name the subnet based VLAN.
IP This field shows the IP address of the subnet for this subnet based VLAN.
Mask-Bits This field shows the subnet mask in bit number format for this subnet based VLAN.
VID This field shows the VLAN ID of the frames which belong to this subnet based VLAN.
Priority This field shows the priority which is assigned to frames belonging to this subnet
Delete Click this to delete the subnet based VLANs which you marked for deletion.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
mask to binary format and add all the 1’s together. Take “255.255.255.0” for example.
255 converts to eight 1s in binary. There are three 255s, so add three eights together
and you get the bit number (24).
this subnet based VLAN are tagged. This must be an existing VLAN which you
defined in the Advanced Applications > VLAN screens.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
numbers to edit an existing subnet based VLAN.
based VLAN.
8.8 Protocol Based VLANs
Protocol based VLANs allow you to group traffic into logical VLANs based on the protocol
you specify. When an upstream frame is received on a port (configured for a protocol based
VLAN), the Switch checks if a tag is added already and its protocol. The untagged packets of
the same protocol are then placed in the same protocol based VLAN. One advantage of using
protocol based VLANs is that priority can be assigned to traffic of the same protocol.
" Protocol based VLAN applies to un-tagged packets and is applicable only
when you use IEEE 802.1Q tagged VLAN.
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For example, ports 1, 2, 3 and 4 belong to static VLAN 100, and ports 4, 5, 6, 7 belong to static
VLAN 120. You can configure a protocol based VLAN A with priority 3 for ARP traffic
received on port 1, 2 and 3. You can also have a protocol based VLAN B with priority 2 for
Apple Talk traffic received on port 6 and 7. All upstream ARP traffic from port 1, 2 and 3 will
be grouped together, and all upstream Apple Talk traffic from port 6 and 7 will be in another
group and have higher priority than ARP traffic when they go through the uplink port to a
backbone switch C.
Figure 38 Protocol Based VLAN Application Example
8.9 Configuring Protocol Based VLAN
Click Protocol Based VLAN in the VLAN Port Setting screen to display the configuration
screen as shown.
Figure 39 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Protocol Based VLAN
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Tabl e 20 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Protocol Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Check this box to activate this protocol based VLAN.
Port Type a port number to be included in this protocol based VLAN.
Name Enter up to 32 alphanumeric characters to identify this protocol based VLAN.
Ethernet-type Use the drop down list box to select a predefined protocol to be included in this
VID Enter the ID of a VLAN to which the port belongs. This must be an existing VLAN
Priority Select the priority level that the Switch will assign to frames belonging to this VLAN.
Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Index This is the index number identifying this protocol based VLAN. Click on any of these
Active This field shows whether the protocol based VLAN is active or not.
Port This field shows which port belongs to this protocol based VLAN.
Name This field shows the name the protocol based VLAN.
Ethernet-type This field shows which Ethernet protocol is part of this protocol based VLAN.
VID This field shows the VLAN ID of the port.
Priority This field shows the priority which is assigned to frames belonging to this protocol
Delete Click this to delete the protocol based VLANs which you marked for deletion.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
This port must belong to a static VLAN in order to participate in a protocol based
VLAN. See Chapter 8 on page 87 for more details on setting up VLANs.
protocol based VLAN or select Others and type the protocol number in hexadecimal
notation. For example, the IP protocol in hexadecimal notation is 0800, and Novell IPX
protocol is 8137.
Note: Protocols in the hexadecimal number range of 0x0000 to 0x05ff
are not allowed to be used for protocol based VLANs.
which you defined in the Advanced Applications > VLAN screens.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
numbers to edit an existing protocol based VLAN.
based VLAN.
8.10 Create an IP-based VLAN Example
This example shows you how to create an IP VLAN which includes ports 1, 4 and 8. Follow
these steps using the screen below:
1 Activate this protocol based VLAN.
2 Type the port number you want to include in this protocol based VLAN. Type 1.
3 Give this protocol-based VLAN a descriptive name. Type IP-VLAN.
4 Select the protocol. Leave the default value IP.
5 Type the VLAN ID of an existing VLAN. In our example we already created a static
VLAN with an ID of 5. Type 5.
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6 Leave the priority set to 0 and click Add.
Figure 40 Protocol Based VLAN Configuration Example
To add more ports to this protocol based VLAN.
Chapter 8 VLAN
EXAMPLE
1 Click the index number of the protocol based VLAN entry. Click 1
2 Change the value in the Port field to the next port you want to add.
3 Click Add.
8.11 Port-based VLAN Setup
Port-based VLANs are VLANs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the
destination MAC address and its associated port.
Port-based VLANs require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if
you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference
rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port
through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.
Port-based VLANs are specific only to the Switch on which they were created.
" When you activate port-based VLAN, the Switch uses a default VLAN ID of 1.
You cannot change it.
" In screens (such as IP Setup and Filtering) that require a VID, you must enter
1 as the VID.
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The port-based VLAN setup screen is shown next. The CPU management port forms a VLAN
with all Ethernet ports.
8.11.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN
Select Port Based as the VLAN Type in the Switch Setup screen and then click VLAN
from the navigation panel to display the following screen. Select either All Connected or Port
Isolated from the drop-down list depending on your VLAN and VLAN security requirements.
If VLAN members need to communicate directly with each other, then select All Connected.
Select Port Isolated if you want to restrict users from communicating directly. Click Apply to
save your settings.
The following screen shows users on a port-based, all-connected VLAN configuration.
Figure 41 Advanced Application > VLAN > Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected)
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The following screen shows users on a port-based, port-isolated VLAN configuration.
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