ZyXEL Communications ZYWALL10 User Manual

Download

ZyWALL 10

Internet Security Gateway

User’s Guide

Version 3.24

April 2001

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Copyright

The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation. Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.

Disclaimer

ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or so ftware described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.

Trademarks

Trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.

ii Copyright

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Federal Communications Commission

(FCC) Interference Statement

This device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subj ect to the following two conditions: This device may not cause harmful interference. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a CLASS B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Notice 1 Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. Notice 2 Use of Shielded RS-232 cables is required to ensure compliance with FCC Part 15, and it is the responsibility of the user to provide and use shielded RS-232 cables.

FCC iii

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Information for Canadian Users

The Industry Canada label identifies certifi ed equi pme nt. This certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective, operation, and safety requirements. The Industry Canada does not guarantee that the equipment will operate to a user's satisfaction.

Before installing this equipment, users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of the local telecommunications company. The equipment must also be installed using an acceptable method of connection. In some cases, the company's inside wiring associated with a single line individual service may be extended by means of a certified connector assembly. The customer should be aware that the compliance with the above conditions may not prevent degradation of service in some situations.

Repairs to certified equipment should be made by an authorized Canadian maintenance facility designated by the supplier. Any repairs or alterations made by the user to this equipment, or equipment malfunctions, may give the telecommunications company cause to request the user to disconnect the equipment.

For their own protection, users should ensure that the electrical ground connections of the power utility, telephone lines, and internal metallic water pipe system, if present, are connected together. This precaution may be particularly important in rural areas.

Caution

Users should not attempt to make such connectio ns themselves, but should contact the appropri ate electrical inspection authority, or electrician, as appropriate.

Note

This digital apparatus does not exceed the class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the radio interference regulations of Industry Canada.

iv Canadian Users

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Declaration of Conformity

We, the Manufacturer/Importer,

ZyXEL Communications Corp.

No. 6, Innovation Rd. II,

Science-Based Industrial Park,

Hsinchu, Taiwan, 300 R.O.C

declare that the product

ZyWALL 10

(reference to the specification under which conformity is declared)

is in conformity with

Standard

• EN 55022

• EN 61000-3-2

• EN 61000-3-3

• EN 61000-4-2

• EN 61000-4-3

• EN 61000-4-4

• EN 61000-4-5

• EN 61000-4-6

• EN 61000-4-8

• EN 61000-4-11

Standard Item

Radio disturbance characteristics — Limits and method of measurement.

Disturbance in supply system caused by household appliances and similar electrical equipment “Harmonics”.

Disturbance in supply system caused by household appliances and similar electrical equipment “Voltage fluctuations”.

Electrostatic discharge immunity test — Basic EMC Publication 1995 Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test 1996 Electrical fast transient / burst immunity test - Basic EMC

Publication Surge immunity test 1995 Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency

fields

Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests

Version

1994

1995

1996

1993 1994

Declaration of Conformity v

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

vi CE

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

ZyXEL Limited Warranty

ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product is modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.

NOTE

Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind of character to the purchaser. To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address, Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal ri ghts, and you may also have other rig ht s that vary from country to country.

Online Registration

Don’t forge t to register your ZyXEL product (fast, easy online regi stration at www.zyxel.com) for free future product updates and information.

ZyXEL Limited Warranty vii

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Customer Support

When you contact your customer support representative please have the following information ready:

♦ ZyWALL Model and serial number. ♦ Information in Menu 24.2.1 —System Information. ♦ Warranty Information. ♦ Date you received your ZyWALL. ♦ Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.

Method

Region

Worldwide

North

America

Scandinavia

Austria

Germany

EMAIL — Support Telephone Web Site

EMAIL — Sales Fax FTP Site

support@zyxel.com.tw support@europe.zyxel.com

sales@zyxel.com.tw +886-3-578-2439 ftp.europe.zyxel.com support@zyxel.com +1-714-632-0882

sales@zyxel.com +1-714-632-0858 ftp.zyxel.com support@zyxel.dk +45-3955-0700 www.zyxel.dk

sales@zyxel.dk +45-3955-0707 ftp.zyxel.dk support@zyxel.at +43-1-4948677-0

sales@zyxel.at

support@zyxel.de

sales@zyxel.de +49-2405-6909-99 ftp.europe.zyxel.com

+886-3-578-3942 www.zyxel.com

800-255-4101

0810-1-ZyXEL 0810-1-99935

+43-1-4948678

+49-2405-6909-0 0180-5213247

Tech Support hotline

0180-5099935

RMA/Repair hotline

www.europe.zyxel.com

www.zyxel.com

www.zyxel.at

ftp.zyxel.at

Note: for Austrian users with *.at domain only!

www.zyxel.de

Regular Mail

ZyXEL Communications

Corp., 6 Innovation Road II,

Science-Based Industrial

Park, HsinChu, Taiwan.

ZyXEL Communications Inc.,

1650 Miraloma Avenue,

Placentia, CA 92870, U.S.A.

ZyXEL Communications A/S,

Columbusvej 5, 2860

Soeborg, Denmark.

ZyXEL Communications

Services GmbH.,

Thaliastrasse 125a/ 2/2/ 4,

A-1160 Vienna, Austria

ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH.,

Adenauerstr. 20/A4, D-5 214 6

Wuerselen, German y.

viii Customer Support

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Copyright..................................................................................................................................................... ii

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement.................................................iii

Information for Canadian Users .............................................................................................................. iv

ZyXEL Limited Warranty .......................................................................................................................vii

Customer Support.................................................................................................................................... viii

Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................................... ix

List of Figures.......................................................................................................................................... xvii

List of Tables ..........................................................................................................................................xxiii

Preface.................................................................................................................................................... xxvii

Getting Started....................................................................................................................................................I

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your ZyWALL..........................................................................................1-1

1.1 The ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway............................................................................. 1-1

1.2 Features of The ZyWALL 10..................................................................................................... 1-1

1.3 Applications for ZyWALL 10.................................................................................................... 1-3

1.3.1 Broadband Internet Access via Cable or xDSL Modem.....................................................1-3

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation & Initial Setup.................................................................................2-1

2.1 Front Panel LEDs and Back Panel Ports....................................................................................2-1

2.1.1 Front Panel LEDs............................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 ZyWALL 10 Rear Panel and Connections................................................................................. 2-2

2.3 Additional Installation Requirements.........................................................................................2-3

2.4 Turn On Your ZyWALL............................................................................................................ 2-4

2.5 Navigating the SMT Interface.................................................................................................... 2-4

2.5.1 Main Menu......................................................................................................................... 2-6

2.5.2 System Management Terminal Interface Summary ........................................................... 2-7

2.5.3 SMT Menus at a Glance..................................................................................................... 2-8

2.6 Changing the System Password..................................................................................................2-9

2.6.1 Resetting the ZyWALL...................................................................................................... 2-9

Table of Contents ix

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

2.7 General Setup..............................................................................................................................2-9

2.7.1 Dynamic DNS...................................................................................................................2-10

2.7.2 Procedure For Configuring Menu 1..................................................................................2-10

2.7.3 Configuring Dynamic DNS...............................................................................................2-11

2.8 WAN Setup...............................................................................................................................2-12

2.9 LAN Setup ................................................................................................................................2-13

2.9.1 LAN Port Filter Setup.......................................................................................................2-14

Chapter 3 Internet Access........................................................................................................................3-1

3.1 TCP/IP and DHCP for LAN .......................................................................................................3-1

3.1.1 Factory LAN Defaults......................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.2 DHCP Configuration...........................................................................................................3-1

3.1.3 IP Address and Subnet Mask ..............................................................................................3-2

3.1.4 Private IP Addresses ...........................................................................................................3-2

3.1.5 RIP Setup ............................................................................................................................3-3

3.1.6 IP Multicast......................................................................................................................... 3-3

3.1.7 IP Alias................................................................................................................................3-4

3.2 TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup..............................................................................................3-4

3.2.1 IP Alias Setup......................................................................................................................3-7

3.3 Internet Access Setup..................................................................................................................3-8

3.3.1 Ethernet Encapsulation........................................................................................................3-8

3.3.2 PPTP Encapsulation..........................................................................................................3-10

3.3.3 Configuring the PPTP Client.............................................................................................3-10

3.3.4 PPPoE Encapsulation........................................................................................................3-11

3.4 Basic Setup Complete...............................................................................................................3-13

Advanced Applications ..................................................................................................................................... II

Chapter 4 Remote Node Setup ................................................................................................................4-1

4.1 Remote Node Profile...................................................................................................................4-1

4.1.1 Ethernet Encapsulation........................................................................................................4-1

4.1.2 PPPoE Encapsulation..........................................................................................................4-3

4.1.3 PPTP Encapsulation............................................................................................................4-4

4.2 Editing TCP/IP Options (with Ethernet Encapsulation)..............................................................4-6

4.2.1 Editing TCP/IP Options (with PPTP Encapsulation)..........................................................4-7

4.2.2 Editing TCP/IP Options (with PPPoE Encapsulation)........................................................4-9

4.3 Remote Node Filter.....................................................................................................................4-9

Chapter 5 IP Static Route Setup .............................................................................................................5-1

x Table of Contents

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

5.1 IP Static Route Setup.................................................................................................................. 5-2

Chapter 6 Network Address Translation (NAT)................................................................................... 6 -1

6.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................6-1

6.1.1 NAT Definitions................................................................................................................. 6-1

6.1.2 What NAT Does................................................................................................................. 6-1

6.1.3 How NAT works................................................................................................................ 6-2

6.1.4 NAT Mapping Types..........................................................................................................6-3

6.1.5 SUA (Single User Account) Versus NAT.......................................................................... 6-4

6.1.6 NAT Application................................................................................................................ 6-4

6.2 SMT Menus ................................................................................................................................ 6-5

6.2.1 Applying NAT in the SMT Menus..................................................................................... 6-5

6.2.2 Configuring NAT............................................................................................................... 6-7

6.2.3 Address Mapping Sets and NAT Server Sets:.................................................................... 6-7

6.3 NAT Server Sets....................................................................................................................... 6-12

6.3.1 Multiple Servers behind NAT .......................................................................................... 6-13

6.3.2 Configuring a Server behind NAT ................................................................................... 6-13

6.4 Examples..................................................................................................................................6-15

6.4.1 Internet Access Only........................................................................................................ 6-15

6.4.2 Example 2: Internet Access with an Inside Server........................................................... 6-16

6.4.3 Example 3: General Case ................................................................................................. 6-17

6.4.4 Example 4: NAT Unfriendly Application Programs........................................................6-20

Advanced Management....................................................................................................................................III

Chapter 7 Filter Configuration............................................................................................................... 7-1

7.1 About Filtering........................................................................................................................... 7-1

7.1.1 The Filter Structure of the ZyWALL..................................................................................7-2

7.2 Configuring a Filter Set.............................................................................................................. 7-4

7.2.1 Filter Rules Summary Menu............................................................................................... 7-6

7.2.2 Configuring a Filter Rule....................................................................................................7-7

7.2.3 TCP/IP Filter Rule.............................................................................................................. 7-7

7.2.4 Generic Filter Rule........................................................................................................... 7-11

7.3 Example Filter..........................................................................................................................7-13

7.4 Filter Types and NAT............................................................................................................... 7-15

7.5 Firewall.....................................................................................................................................7-16

7.6 Applying a Filter and Factory Defaults.................................................................................... 7-16

7.6.1 LAN traffic....................................................................................................................... 7-16

Table of Contents xi

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

7.6.2 Remote Node Filters..........................................................................................................7-17

Chapter 8 SNMP Configuration..............................................................................................................8-1

8.1 About SNMP...............................................................................................................................8-1

8.2 Configuring SNMP.....................................................................................................................8-1

Chapter 9 System Information & Diagnosis..........................................................................................9-1

9.1 System Status..............................................................................................................................9-1

9.2 System Information and Console Port Speed..............................................................................9-3

9.2.1 System Information.............................................................................................................9-4

9.2.2 Console Port Speed.............................................................................................................9-5

9.3 Log and Trace.............................................................................................................................9-5

9.3.1 Viewing Error Log..............................................................................................................9-5

9.3.2 UNIX Syslog............................................................................................................... ........9-6

9.3.3 Call-Triggering Packet......................................................................................................9-10

9.4 Diagnostic.................................................................................................................................9-10

9.4.1 WAN DHCP .....................................................................................................................9-11

Chapter 10 Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance..............................................................10-1

10.1 Filename conventions................................................................................................................10-1

10.1.1 Firmware Development.....................................................................................................10-2

10.2 Backup Configuration...............................................................................................................10-2

10.2.1 Example: Backup Configuration Using HyperTerminal...................................................10-3

10.2.2 Backup Configuration Using Telnet..................................................................................10-3

10.3 Restore Configuration...............................................................................................................10-4

10.3.1 Example: Restore Configuration Using HyperTerminal...................................................10-4

10.4 Upload Firmware ......................................................................................................................10-5

10.4.1 Uploading the Router Firmware........................................................................................10-5

10.4.2 Example: Xmodem Upload Using HyperTerminal...........................................................10-6

10.4.3 Uploading Router Configuration File................................................................................10-6

10.5 TFTP File Transfer....................................................................................................................10-7

10.5.1 Example: TFTP Command................................................................................................10-8

10.6 FTP File Transfer......................................................................................................................10-9

10.6.1 Using the FTP command from the DOS Prompt.............................................................10-11

Chapter 11 System Maintenance & Information.................................................................................11-1

11.1 Command Interpreter Mode......................................................................................................11-1

xii Table of Contents

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

11.2 Call Control Support ................................................................................................................ 11-2

11.2.1 Budget Management......................................................................................................... 11-2

11.2.2 Call History ...................................................................................................................... 11-3

11.3 Time and Date Setting.............................................................................................................. 11-4

How often does the ZyWALL update the time?...............................................................................11-6

11.4 Remote Management Setup...................................................................................................... 11-7

11.5 Boot Commands....................................................................................................................... 11-8

Chapter 12 Telnet Configuration and Capabilities ............................................................................. 12-1

12.1 About Telnet Configuration......................................................................................................12-1

12.2 Telnet Under NAT.................................................................................................................... 12-1

12.3 Telnet Capabilities.................................................................................................................... 12-1

12.3.1 Single Administrator ........................................................................................................ 12-1

12.3.2 System Timeout................................................................................................................ 12-2

12.4 Telnet Behind the Firewall.......................................................................................................12-2

Firewall and Content Filters......................................................................................................................... 13-1

Chapter 13 What is a Firewall?............................................................................................................ 13-1

13.1 Types of Firewalls.................................................................................................................... 13-1

13.1.1 Packet Filtering Firewalls.................................................................................................13-1

13.1.2 Application-level Firewalls .............................................................................................. 13-1

13.1.3 Stateful Inspection Firewalls............................................................................................ 13-2

13.2 Introduction to ZyXEL’s Firewall............................................................................................ 13-2

13.3 Denial of Service...................................................................................................................... 13-3

13.3.1 Basics................................................................................................................................13-3

13.3.2 Types of DoS attacks........................................................................................................ 13-4

13.4 Stateful Inspection.................................................................................................................... 13-6

13.4.1 Stateful Inspection Process............................................................................................... 13-7

13.4.2 Stateful Inspection & the ZyWALL................................................................................. 13-8

13.4.3 TCP Security .................................................................................................................... 13-8

13.4.4 UDP/ICMP Security......................................................................................................... 13-9

13.4.5 Upper Layer Protocols...................................................................................................... 13-9

13.5 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall..........................................................13-9

13.5.1 Security In General......................................................................................................... 13-10

Chapter 14 Introducing the ZyWALL Firewall .................................................................................. 14-1

Table of Contents xiii

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

14.1 SMT Menus...............................................................................................................................14-1

14.1.1 View Firewall Log............................................................................................................14-2

14.1.2 Attack Types.....................................................................................................................14-2

14.2 The Big Picture - Filtering, Firewall and NAT.........................................................................14-5

14.3 Packet Filtering Vs Firewall......................................................................................................14-6

14.3.1 Packet Filtering:................................................................................................................14-6

14.3.2 Firewall .............................................................................................................................14-7

Chapter 15 Introducing the ZyWALL Web Configurator..................................................................15-1

15.1 Web Configurator Login and Welcome Screens.......................................................................15-1

15.2 Enabling the Firewall................................................................................................................15-3

15.3 E-mail........................................................................................................................................15-3

15.3.1 What are Alerts?................................................................................................................15-3

15.3.2 What are Logs? ................................................................................................................. 15-4

15.3.3 SMTP Error Messages ......................................................................................................15-6

15.3.4 Example E-mail Log.........................................................................................................15-6

15.4 Attack Alert...............................................................................................................................15-7

15.4.1 Threshold Values: .............................................................................................................15-7

15.4.2 Half-Open Sessions ...........................................................................................................15-8

Chapter 16 Creating Custom Rules......................................................................................................16-1

16.1 Rules Overview.........................................................................................................................16-1

16.2 Rule Logic Overview................................................................................................................16-1

16.2.1 Rule Checklist...................................................................................................................16-1

16.2.2 Security Ramifications......................................................................................................16-2

16.2.3 Key Fields For Configuring Rules....................................................................................16-2

16.3 Connection Direction................................................................................................................16-3

16.3.1 LAN to WAN Rules..........................................................................................................16-3

16.3.2 WAN to LAN Rules..........................................................................................................16-3

16.4 Rule Summary...........................................................................................................................16-4

16.5 Predefined Services...................................................................................................................16-7

16.5.1 Creating/Editing Firewall Rules......................................................................................16-10

16.5.2 Source and Destination Addresses.................................................................................. 16-12

16.6 Timeout...................................................................................................................................16-14

16.6.1 Factors Influencing Choices for Timeout Values............................................................16-14

Chapter 17 Custom Ports.......................................................................................................................17-1

xiv Table of Contents

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

17.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................17-1

17.2 Creating/Editing A Custom Port .............................................................................................. 17-3

Chapter 18 Logs..................................................................................................................................... 18-1

18.1 Log Screen................................................................................................................................18-1

Chapter 19 Example Firewall Rules.....................................................................................................19-1

19.1 Examples.................................................................................................................................. 19-1

19.1.1 Example 1: Firewall Rule To Allow Web Service From The Internet.............................19-1

19.1.2 Example 2: Small Office With Mail, FTP and Web Servers ............................................ 19-6

19.1.3 Example 3: DHCP Negotiation and Syslog Connection from the Internet..................... 19-12

Chapter 20 Content Filtering................................................................................................................ 20-1

20.1 Categories................................................................................................................................. 20-1

20.1.1 Restrict Web Features.......................................................................................................20-1

20.1.2 Filter List.......................................................................................................................... 20-1

20.1.3 Days and Times................................................................................................................ 20-1

20.2 Update List...............................................................................................................................20-3

20.3 Exempting Computers.............................................................................................................. 20-4

20.4 Customizing..............................................................................................................................20-5

20.5 Keywords ................................................................................................................................. 20-6

20.6 Log Records ............................................................................................................................. 20-7

Troubleshooting, Appendices, Glossary and Index...........................................................................................V

Chapter 21 Troubleshooting..................................................................................................................21-1

21.1 Problems Starting Up the ZyWALL......................................................................................... 21-1

21.2 Problems with the LAN Interface............................................................................................. 21-2

21.3 Problems with the WAN interface............................................................................................21-2

21.4 Problems with Internet Access................................................................................................. 21-3

21.5 Problems with the Firewall....................................................................................................... 21-3

Appendix A PPPoE.....................................................................................................................................A

Appendix B PPTP......................................................................................................................................C

Appendix C Hardware Specifications.......................................................................................................E

Appendix D Important Safety Instructions..............................................................................................F

Table of Contents xv

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Appendix E Firewall CLI Commands......................................................................................................G

Appendix F Power Adapter Specifications.............................................................................................. L

Glossary of Terms.......................................................................................................................................N

Index............................................................................................................................................................Y

xvi Table of Contents

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

List of Figures

Figure 1-1 Secure Internet Access via Cable................................................................................................. 1-4

Figure 1-2 Secure Internet Access via DSL................................................................................................... 1-4

Figure 2-1 Front Panel................................................................................................................................... 2-1

Figure 2-2 ZyWALL 10 Rear Panel and Connections.................................................................................... 2-2

Figure 2-3 Initial Screen................................................................................................................................. 2-4

Figure 2-4 Password Screen........................................................................................................................... 2-4

Figure 2-5 ZyWALL 10 Main Menu.............................................................................................................. 2-6

Figure 2-6 SMT Menus at a Glance............................................................................................................... 2-8

Figure 2-7 Menu 23 — System Password...................................................................................................... 2-9

Figure 2-8 Menu 1 — General Setup........................................................................................................... 2-10

Figure 2-9 Configure Dynamic DNS............................................................................................................2-11

Figure 2-10 Menu 2 — WAN Setup............................................................................................................. 2-13

Figure 2-11 Menu 3 — LAN Setup.............................................................................................................. 2-14

Figure 2-12 Menu 3.1 — LAN Port Filter Setup......................................................................................... 2-14

Figure 3-1 Physical Network..........................................................................................................................3-4

Figure 3-2 Partitioned Logical Networks....................................................................................................... 3-4

Figure 3-3 Menu 3 — LAN Setup ................................................................................................................. 3-5

Figure 3-4 Menu 3.2 — TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup.......................................................................... 3-5

Figure 3-5 Menu 3.2.1 — IP Alias Setup....................................................................................................... 3-7

Figure 3-6 Menu 4 — Internet Access Setup (Ethernet)................................................................................ 3-9

Figure 3-7 Internet Access Setup (PPTP) .....................................................................................................3-11

Figure 3-8 Internet Access Setup (PPPoE) .................................................................................................. 3-12

Figure 4-1 Menu 11.1 — Remote Node Profile for Ethernet Encapsulation.................................................. 4-1

Figure 4-2 Menu 11.1 — Remote Node Profile for PPPoE Encapsulation.................................................... 4-3

Figure 4-3 Menu 11.1 — Remote Node Profile for PPTP Encapsulation...................................................... 4-5

List of Figures xvii

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Figure 4-4 Menu 11.3 — Remote Node Network Layer Options...................................................................4-6

Figure 4-5 Menu 11.3 — Remote Node Network Layer Options...................................................................4-8

Figure 4-6 Menu 11.5 — Remote Node Filter (Ethernet Encapsulation) .....................................................4-10

Figure 4-7 Menu 11.5 — Remote Node Filter (PPPoE or PPTP Encapsulation) ......................................... 4-10

Figure 5-1 Example of Static Routing Topology............................................................................................5-1

Figure 5-2 Menu 12 — IP Static Route Setup................................................................................................5-2

Figure 5-3 Menu 12. 1 — Edit IP Static Route...............................................................................................5-2

Figure 6-1 How NAT Works...........................................................................................................................6-2

Figure 6-2 NAT Application...........................................................................................................................6-5

Figure 6-3 Menu 4 — Applying NAT for Internet Access .............................................................................6-6

Figure 6-4 Menu 11.3 — Applying NAT to the Remote Node.......................................................................6-6

Figure 6-5 Menu 15 — NAT Setup.................................................................................................................6-7

Figure 6-6 Menu 15.1 — Address Mapping Sets........................................................................................... 6-8

Figure 6-7 Menu 15.1.255 — SUA Address Mapping Rules.........................................................................6-8

Figure 6-8 Menu 15.1.1 — First Set.............................................................................................................6-10

Figure 6-9 Menu 15.1.1.1 — Editing an Individual Rule in a Set................................................................6-11

Figure 6-10 Multiple Servers Behind NAT...................................................................................................6-13

Figure 6-11 Menu 15.2 — NAT Server Setup ..............................................................................................6-14

Figure 6-12 NAT Example 1.........................................................................................................................6-15

Figure 6-13 Menu 4 — Internet Access & NAT Example............................................................................6-15

Figure 6-14 NAT Example 2.........................................................................................................................6-16

Figure 6-15 Menu 15.2 — Specifying an Inside Server ...............................................................................6-16

Figure 6-16 NAT Example 3.........................................................................................................................6-17

Figure 6-17 Example 3: Menu 11.3..............................................................................................................6-18

Figure 6-18 Example 3: Menu 15.1.1.1........................................................................................................6-18

Figure 6-19 Example 3: Final Menu 15.1.1..................................................................................................6-19

Figure 6-20 Example 3: Menu 15.2..............................................................................................................6-19

xviii List of Figures

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Figure 6-21 NAT Example 4........................................................................................................................ 6-20

Figure 6-22 Example 4: Menu 15.1.1.1 — Address Mapping Rule............................................................. 6-21

Figure 6-23 Example 4: Menu 15.1.1 — Address Mapping Rules.............................................................. 6-21

Figure 7-1 Outgoing Packet Filtering Process ............................................................................................... 7-1

Figure 7-2 Filter Rule Process........................................................................................................................ 7-3

Figure 7-4 Menu 21 — Filter and Firewall Setup.......................................................................................... 7-4

Figure 7-5 Menu 21.1 — Filter Set Configuration......................................................................................... 7-4

Figure 7-6 NetBIOS_WAN Filter Rules Summary........................................................................................ 7-5

Figure 7-7 NetBIOS _LAN Filter Rules Summary................................................................................... ..... 7-5

Figure 7-8 TEL_FTP_WEB_WAN Filter Rules Summary............................................................................ 7-5

Figure 7-9 Menu 21.1.1.1 — TCP/IP Filter Rule........................................................................................... 7-7

Figure 7-10 Executing an IP Filter............................................................................................................... 7-10

Figure 7-11 Menu 21.4.1.1 — Generic Filter Rule.......................................................................................7-11

Figure 7-12 Telnet Filter Example............................................................................................................... 7-13

Figure 7-13 Example Filter — Menu 21.1.1.1............................................................................................. 7-14

Figure 7-14 Example Filter Rules Summary — Menu 21.1.3 ..................................................................... 7-15

Figure 7-15 Protocol and Device Filter Sets................................................................................................ 7-16

Figure 7-16 Filtering LAN Traffic............................................................................................................... 7-17

Figure 7-17 Filtering Remote Node Traffic ................................................................................................. 7-17

Figure 8-1 Menu 22 — SNMP Configuration................................................................................................ 8-1

Figure 9-1 Menu 24 — System Maintenance ................................................................................................ 9-1

Figure 9-2 Menu 24.1 — System Maintenance — Status..............................................................................9-2

Figure 9-3 Menu 24.2 — System Information and Console Port Speed........................................................ 9-3

Figure 9-4 Menu 24.2.1 — System Maintenance — Information................................................................. 9-4

Figure 9-5 Menu 24.2.2 — System Maintenance — Change Console Port Speed....................................... 9-5

Figure 9-6 Menu 24.3 — System Maintenance — Log and Trace ................................................................ 9-6

Figure 9-7 Examples of Error and Information Messages ............................................................................. 9-6

List of Figures xix

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Figure 9-8 Menu 24.3.2 — System Maintenance — UNIX Syslog................................................................9-6

Figure 9-9 Call-Triggering Packet Example.................................................................................................9-10

Figure 9-10 Menu 24.4 — System Maintenance — Diagnostic...................................................................9-11

Figure 9-11 WAN & LAN DHCP.................................................................................................................9-12

Figure 10-1 System Maintenance — Backup Configuration........................................................................10-2

Figure 10-2 Example: Backup Configuration...............................................................................................10-3

Figure 10-4 Telnet into Menu 24.5 — Backup Configuration......................................................................10-3

Figure 10-5 System Maintenance — Restore Configuration........................................................................10-4

Figure 10-6 Example: Restore Configuration...............................................................................................10-4

Figure 10-8 Telnet into Menu 24.6 Restore Configuration...........................................................................10-5

Figure 10-9 Menu 24.7 — System Maintenance — Upload Firmware........................................................10-5

Figure 10-10 Menu 24.7.1 — System Maintenance — Upload Router Firmware .......................................10-6

Figure 10-11 Example: Xmodem Upload.....................................................................................................10-6

Figure 10-12 Menu 24.7.2 — System Maintenance — Upload Router Configuration File .........................10-7

Figure 10-13 Telnet into Menu 24.7.1........................................................................................................10-10

Figure 10-14 Telnet into Menu 24.7.2 — System Maintenance.................................................................10-10

Figure 10-15 FTP Session Example ...........................................................................................................10-11

Figure 11-1 Command Mode in Menu 24.....................................................................................................11-1

Figure 11-2 Valid Commands.......................................................................................................................11-1

Figure 11-3 Call Control...............................................................................................................................11-2

Figure 11-4 Budget Management..................................................................................................................11-2

Figure 11-5 Call History...............................................................................................................................11-4

Figure 11-6 Menu 24 — System Maintenance .............................................................................................11-5

Figure 11-7 Menu 24.10 System Maintenance — Time and Date Setting....................................................11-5

Figure 11-8 Menu 24.11 — Remote Management Control ..........................................................................11-7

Figure 11-9 Option to Enter Debug Mode....................................................................................................11-8

Figure 11-10 Boot Module Commands.........................................................................................................11-9

xx List of Figures

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Figure 12-1 Telnet Configuration on a TCP/IP Network............................................................................. 12-1

Figure 13-1 ZyWALL Firewall Application ................................................................................................ 13-3

Figure 13-2 Three-Way Handshake ............................................................................................................. 13-5

Figure 13-3 SYN Flood................................................................................................................................ 13-5

Figure 13-4 Smurf Attack............................................................................................................................ 13-6

Figure 13-5 Stateful Inspection.................................................................................................................... 13-7

Figure 14-1 SMT Main Menu...................................................................................................................... 14-1

Figure 14-2 Menu 21 — Filter and Firewall Setup...................................................................................... 14-1

Figure 14-3 Menu 21.2 — Firewall Setup................................................................................................... 14-2

Figure 14-4 View Firewall Log.................................................................................................................... 14-4

Figure 14-5 Big Picture — Filtering, Firewall and NAT.............................................................................. 14-6

Figure 15-1 Login screen as seen in Netscape............................................................................................. 15-1

Figure 15-2 ZyWALL Web Configurator Welcome Screen......................................................................... 15-2

Figure 15-3 Enabling the Firewall ............................................................................................................... 15-3

Figure 15-4 E-mail Screen........................................................................................................................... 15-4

Figure 15-5 E-mail Log................................................................................................................................ 15-7

Figure 15-6 Attack Alert.............................................................................................................................. 15-9

Figure 16-1 LAN to WAN Traffic................................................................................................................ 16-3

Figure 16-2 WAN to LAN Traffic................................................................................................................ 16-4

Figure 16-3 Firewall Rules Summary — First Screen................................................................................. 16-5

Figure 16-4 Creating/Editing A Firewall Rule........................................................................................... 16-10

Figure 16-5 Adding/Editing Source and Destination Addresses................................................................ 16-12

Figure 16-6 Timeout Screen....................................................................................................................... 16-14

Figure 17-1 Custom Ports............................................................................................................................ 17-1

Figure 17-2 Creating/Editing A Custom Port .............................................................................................. 17-3

Figure 18-1 Log Screen................................................................................................................................ 18-1

Figure 19-1 Activate The Firewall............................................................................................................... 19-2

List of Figures xxi

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Figure 19-2 Example 1: E-mail Screen.........................................................................................................19-3

Figure 19-3 Example 1: Configuring a Rule.................................................................................................19-4

Figure 19-4 Example 1: Destination Address for Traffic Originating from the Internet ..............................19-5

Figure 19-5 Example 1: Rule Summary Screen............................................................................................19-6

Figure 19-6 Send Alerts When Attacked......................................................................................................19-7

Figure 19-7 Configuring A POP Custom Port..............................................................................................19-8

Figure 19-8 Example 2: Local Network Rule 1 Configuration.....................................................................19-9

Figure 19-9 Example 2: Local Network Rule Summary.............................................................................19-10

Figure 19-10 Example: Internet to Local Network Rule Summary............................................................19-11

Figure 19-11 Custom Port for Syslog.........................................................................................................19-12

Figure 19-12 Syslog Rule Configuration....................................................................................................19-13

Figure 19-13 Example 3: Rule Summary...................................................................................................19-14

Figure 20-1 Categories Screen......................................................................................................................20-2

Figure 20-2 List Update Screen....................................................................................................................20-3

Figure 20-3 Exempt Zone Screen.................................................................................................................20-4

Figure 20-4 Customize Screen......................................................................................................................20-5

Figure 20-5 Keyword Screen ........................................................................................................................20-6

Figure 20-6 Logs Screen...............................................................................................................................20-7

xxii List of Figures

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

List of Tables

Table 2-1 LED functions................................................................................................................................ 2-1

Table 2-2 Main Menu Commands .................................................................................................................. 2-5

Table 2-3 Main Menu Summary.....................................................................................................................2-7

Table 2-4 General Setup Menu Field............................................................................................................ 2-11

Table 2-5 Configure Dynamic DNS Menu Fields........................................................................................ 2-12

Table 2-6 WAN Setup Menu Fields.............................................................................................................. 2-13

Table 3-1 DHCP Ethernet Setup Menu Fields................................................................................................3-6

Table 3-2 LAN TCP/IP Setup Menu Fields....................................................................................................3-6

Table 3-3 IP Alias Setup Menu Fields............................................................................................................ 3-8

Table 3-4 Internet Access Setup Menu Fields................................................................................................ 3-9

Table 3-5 New Fields in Menu 4 (PPTP) screen.......................................................................................... 3-11

Table 3-6 New Fields in Menu 4 (PPPoE) screen........................................................................................3-12

Table 4-1 Fields in Menu 11.1........................................................................................................................4-2

Table 4-2 Fields in Menu 11.1 (PPPoE Encapsulation Specific)....................................................................4-4

Table 4-3 Fields in Menu 11.1 (PPTP Encapsulation).................................................................................... 4-5

Table 4-4 Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu Fields......................................................................4-6

Table 4-5 Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu Fields......................................................................4-8

Table 5-1 IP Static Route Menu Fields........................................................................................................... 5-3

Table 6-1 NAT Definitions............................................................................................................................. 6-1

Table 6-2 NAT Mapping Types...................................................................................................................... 6-3

Table 6-3 Applying NAT in Menus 4 & 11.3................................................................................................. 6-7

Table 6-4 SUA Address Mapping Rules........................................................................................................ 6-9

Table 6-5 Fields in Menu 15.1.1................................................................................................................... 6-11

Table 6-6 Menu 15.1.1.1 — Configuring an Individual Rule.......................................................................6-12

Table 6-7 Services & Port numbers.............................................................................................................. 6-14

Table 7-1 Abbreviations Used in the Filter Rules Summary Menu................................................................ 7-6

List of Tables xxiii

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Table 7-2 Rule Abbreviations Used................................................................................................................7-6

Table 7-3 TCP/IP Filter Rule Menu Fields.....................................................................................................7-8

Table 7-4 Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields...................................................................................................7-12

Table 8-1 SNMP Configuration Menu Fields.................................................................................................8-2

Table 9-1 System Maintenance — Status Menu Fields...................................................................................9-2

Table 9-2 Fields in System Maintenance — Information ...............................................................................9-4

Table 9-3 System Maintenance Menu Syslog Parameters..............................................................................9-7

Table 9-4 System Maintenance Menu Diagnostic.........................................................................................9-12

Table 10-1 Filename Conventions ................................................................................................................10-2

Table 10-2 Third Party TFTP Clients — General commands.......................................................................10-8

Table 10-3 Third Party FTP Clients — General Fields...............................................................................10-12

Table 11-1 Budget Management ...................................................................................................................11-3

Table 11-2 Call History Fields ......................................................................................................................11-4

Table 11-3 Time and Date Setting Fields......................................................................................................11-6

Table 11-4 Menu 24.11 — Remote Management Control ............................................................................11-7

Table 13-1 Common IP Ports........................................................................................................................13-4

Table 14-1 ICMP Commands That Trigger Alerts........................................................................................14-3

Table 14-2 Legal NetBIOS Commands ........................................................................................................14-3

Table 14-3 Legal SMTP Commands.............................................................................................................14-3

Table 14-4 View Firewall Log ......................................................................................................................14-5

Table 15- 1 E-mail..........................................................................................................................................15-5

Table 15-2 SMTP Error Messages................................................................................................................15-6

Table 15- 3 Attack Alert...............................................................................................................................15-10

Table 16-1 Firewall Rules Summary — First Screen....................................................................................16-6

Table 16- 2 Pre defin ed Services.....................................................................................................................16-8

Table 16-3 Creating/Editing A Firewall Rule.............................................................................................16-11

Table 16-4 Adding/Editing Source and Destination Addresses..................................................................16-13

Table 16- 5 Timeout Menu...........................................................................................................................16-15

xxiv List of Tables

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Table 17-1 Custom Ports.............................................................................................................................. 17-2

Table 17-2 Creating/Editing A Custom Port................................................................................................ 17-4

Table 18-1 Log Screen ................................................................................................................................. 18-2

Table 21-1 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of your ZyWALL........................................................................ 21-1

Table 21- 2 Troubleshooting the LAN Interface ........................................................................................... 21-2

Table 21-3 Troubleshooting the WAN interface........................................................................................... 21-2

Table 21- 4 Troubleshooting Internet Access................................................................................................ 21-3

Table 21- 5 Troubleshooting the Firewall ..................................................................................................... 21-3

List of Tables xxv

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Preface

About Your Router

Congratulations on your purchase of the ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway.

Don’t forget to register your ZyWALL (fast, easy online registration at www.zyxel.com) for free future product updates and information.

The ZyWALL 10 is a dual Ethernet Internet Security Gateway integrated with robust firewall solutions and network management features that allows access to the Internet via Cable/ADSL modem or Internet router. It is designed for:

Home offices and small businesses with Cable, xDSL and wireless modem via Ethernet port as Internet access media.

Multiple office/department connections via access devices.

E-commerce/EDI applications. Your ZyWALL 10 is easy to install and configure. The ZyWALL Web Configurator (Web Configurator) is a web-based utility that allows you to access the ZyWALL’s management settings and configure the firewall. Most functions of the ZyWALL 10 are also software configurable via the SMT (System Management Terminal) interface. The SMT is a menu-driven interface that you can access from a terminal emulator through the console port or over a telnet connection.

You can configure most features of the ZyWALL 10 via SMT but we recommend you

About This User's Manual

This manual is designed to guide you through the SMT configuration of your ZyWALL 10 for its various applications.

Structure of this Manual

This manual is structured as follows: Part I. Getting Started (Chapters 1 — 3) is structured as a step-by-step guide to help you connect,

install and setup your ZyWALL to operate on your network and access the Internet.

Part II. Advanced Applications (Chapters 4 — 6) describes the advanced applications of your

ZyWALL, such as Remote Node Setup, IP Static routes and NAT.

Part III. Advanced Management (Chapters 7 — 12) provides information on ZyWALL Filtering,

System Information and Diagnosis, Transferring Files, System Maintenance and Telnet.

Part IV. Firewall (Chapters 13 — 20) defines the term “firewall”, introduces the ZyWall firewall and

ZyWall web configurator, describes how to create custom rules and configure customized ports, explains logs and provides example firewall rules. Chapter 20 explains content filtering and how to use the ZyWALL to restrict web features such as ActiveX controls, Java applets and cookies, disable web proxies and block specific URLs.

Part V. Troubleshooting (Chapter 21) provides information about solving common problems as well as

some Appendices, a Glossary and an Index.

configure the firewall using the ZyWALL Web Configurator.

Preface xxvii

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Regardless of your particular application, it is important that you follow the steps outli ned in Chapters 1 and 2 to connect your ZyWALL to your LAN. You can then refer to the appropriate chapters of the manual, depending o n your applications.

Getting to Know Your ZyWALL

This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the ZyWALL.

1.1 The ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

The ZyWALL 10 is a dual Ethernet Internet Security Gateway integrated with a robust firewall and network management features designed for home offices and small businesses to access the Internet via Cable/ADSL modem or Internet router. By integrating NAT and firewall capability, ZyXEL’s ZyWALL 10 provides not only ease of installation and Internet access, but also a complete security solution to protect your Intranet and efficiently manage data traffic on your network. The ZyWALL Web Configurator is a breeze to operate and totally independent of the operating system platform you use.

1.2 Features of The ZyWALL 10

The following are the main features of the ZyWALL 10.

Firewall

The ZyWALL is a stateful inspection firewall with DoS (Denial of Service) protection. By default, when the firewall is activated, all incoming traffic from the WAN to the LAN is blocked unless it is initiated from the LAN. The ZyWALL firewall supports TCP/UDP inspection, DoS detection and prevention, real time alerts, reports and logs.

You can configure most features of the ZyWALL 10 via SMT but we recommend you

configure the firewall and Content Filters using the ZyWALL Web Configurator.

Content Filtering

The ZyWALL can block web features such as ActiveX controls, Java applets and cookies, as well as disable web proxies. The ZyWALL can also block specific URLs by using the keyword feature.

Packet Filtering

The Packet Filtering mechanism blocks unwanted traffic from entering/leaving your network.

PPPoE

PPPoE facilitates the interaction of a host with an Internet modem to achieve access to high-speed data networks via a familiar "dial-up networking" user interface.

Getting to Know Your ZyWALL 1-1

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

PPTP Encapsulation

Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables secure transfer of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using a TCP/IP-based network. PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol and virtual private networking over public networks, such as the Internet. The ZyWALL supports one PPTP server connection at any given time.

Dynamic DNS Support

With Dynamic DNS support, you can have a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP address, allowing the host to be more easily accessible from various locations on the Internet. You must register for this service with a Dynamic DNS client to use this service.

IP Multicast

Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in two ways - unicast or broadcast. Multicast is a third way to deliver IP packets to a group of hosts. IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) is the protocol used to support multicast groups. The latest version is version 2 (see RFC 2236). The ZyWALL supports both versions 1 and 2.

IP Alias

IP Alias allows you to partition a physical network into logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. The ZyWALL supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the ZyWALL itse lf as the gateway for each LAN net work.

SNMP

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a protocol used for exchanging management information between network devices. SNMP is a member of TCP/IP protocol suite. Your ZyWALL supports SNMP agent funct i onality, which allows a manager station to manage and monitor the ZyWALL through the network. The ZyWALL supports SNMP version one (SNMPv1).

Auto-negotiating 10/100Mbps Ethernet

The LAN interface automatically detects if it’s on a 10 or a 100 Mbps Ethernet.

Network Address Translation (NAT)

NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) allows the translation of an Internet Protocol address used within one networ k t o a different IP address known within another network.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) allows the individual clients (workstations) to obtain the TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a centralized DHCP server. The ZyWALL has built-in DHCP server capability, enabled by default, which means it can assign IP addresses, an IP de fault gateway and DNS servers to Windows 9X, Windows NT and other systems that support the DHCP client. The ZyWALL can now also act as a surrogate DHCP server (DHCP Relay) where it relays IP address assignment from the actual real DHCP server to the clients.

1-2 Getting to Know Your ZyWALL

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Full Network Management

This feature allows you to access the SMT (System Management Terminal) through the console port or telnet connection.

RoadRunner Support

In addition to standard cable modem services, the ZyWALL supports Time Warner’s RoadRunner Service.

Time and Date Setting

This new feature (Menu 24.10) allows you to get the current time and date from an external server when you power up your ZyWALL. The real time is then displayed in the ZyWALL error logs and firewall logs. If you do not choose a time service protocol that your timeserver will send when the ZyWALL powers up, you can enter the time manually but each time the system is booted, the time and date will be reset to 2000/01/0100:00:00.

Logging and Tracing

♦ Built-in message logging and packet tracing. ♦ Unix syslog facility support.

Upgrade ZyWALL Firmware via LAN

The firmware of the ZyWALL 10 can be upgraded via the LAN.

Embedded FTP and TFTP Servers

The ZyWALL’s embedded FTP and TFTP Servers enable fast firmware upgrades as well as configuration file backups and restoration.

1.3 Applications for ZyWALL 10

1.3.1 Broadband Internet Access via Cable or xDSL Modem

A cable modem or xDSL modem can connect to the ZyWALL 10 for broadband Internet access via Ethernet port on the modem. It provides not only high speed Internet access, but secured internal network protection and manageme nt as wel l.

Getting to Know Your ZyWALL 1-3

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Figure 1-1 Secure Internet Access via Cable

Figure 1-2 Secure Internet Access via DSL

You can also use your xDSL modem in the bridge mode for always-on Internet access and high-speed data transfer.

1-4 Getting to Know Your ZyWALL

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Chapter 2

Hardware Installation & Initial Setup

This chapter explains the LEDs and ports as well as how to connect the hardware and perform

the initial setup.

2.1 Front Panel LEDs and Back Panel Ports

2.1.1 Front Panel LEDs

The LEDs on the front panel indicate the operational status of the ZyWALL.

Figure 2-1 Front Panel

The following table describes the LED functions:

Table 2-1 LED functions

LEDS FUNCTION INDICATOR

STATUS

PWR Power Green On The power adapter is connected to the ZyWALL. SYS System

10M LAN LAN

100M LAN

Hardware Installati on & Initia l Setup 2-1

LAN Orange

Green Off The 10M LAN is not connected.

ACTIVE DESCRIPTION

Off The system is not ready or failed. On The system is ready and running. Flashing The system is rebooting.

On The ZyWALL is connected to a 10M LAN. Flashing The 10M LAN is sending/receiving packets. Off The 100M LAN is not connected. On The ZyWALL is connected to a 100Mbps LAN. Flashing The 100M LAN is sending/receiving packets.

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

LEDS FUNCTION INDICATOR

STATUS

WAN WAN Green

ACTIVE DESCRIPTION

Off The WAN Link is not ready, or has failed. On The WAN Link is OK. Flashing The 10M WAN link is sending/receiving packets.

2.2 ZyWALL 10 Rear Panel and Connections

The following figure shows the rear panel of your ZyWALL 10 and the related connections.

Figure 2-2 ZyWALL 10 Rear Panel and Connections

This section outlines how to connect your ZyWALL 10 to the LAN and the WAN. In the case of connecting a cable modem you must connect the coaxial cable from your cable service to the threaded coaxial cable connector on the back of the cable modem. Connect an xDSL Modem to the xDSL Wall Jack. Please also see Appendix C for important safety instructions on making connections to the ZyWALL.

Step 1. Connecting the Console Port

For the initial configuration of your ZyWALL, you need to use terminal emulator software on a workstation and connect it to the ZyWALL through the console port. Connect the 9-pin end of the console cable to the

2-2 Hardware Installation & Initial Setup

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

console port of the ZyWALL and the other end (choice of 9-pin or 25-pin, depending on your computer) end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your workstation. You can use an extension RS232 cable if the enclosed one is too short. After the initial setup, you can modify the configuration remotely through telnet connections.

Step 2. Connecting the ZyWALL to the Broadband Modem

Step 2a. Connecting the ZyWALL to the Cable Modem:

Connect the WAN port (silver) on the ZyWALL to the Ethernet port on the cable modem using the cable that came with your cable modem. The Ethernet port on the cable modem is sometimes labeled "PC" or "Workstation".

Step 2b. Connecting the ZyWALL to the xDSL Modem:

Connect the WAN port (silver) on the ZyWALL to the Ethernet port on the xDSL modem using the cable that came with your xDSL modem.

Step 3. Connecting the ZyWALL to the LAN

For a single computer, connect the 10/100M LAN port on the ZyWALL to the Network Adapter on the computer using the white straight-through cable and push in the Uplink button ("on"). If the Uplink button is not “on”, you must use a crossover cable for this connection.

If you have more than one computer, then you must use an external hub. Connect the 10/100M LAN port (gold) on the ZyWALL to a port on the hub using a straight-through Ethernet cable and make sure the Uplink button is "off".

Connecting the Power Adapter to your ZyWALL Connect the power adapter to the port labeled POWER on the rear panel of your ZyWALL.

Caution: To prevent damage to the ZyWALL, first make sure you have the correct AC power adapter. Please see the Appendices for AC power adapter specifications for your region.

Step 4. Grounding the ZyWALL To ground the ZyWALL, connect a grounded wire to the F.G. (Frame Ground) of the ZyWALL.

2.3 Additional Installation Requirements

In addition to the contents of your package, there are other hardware and software requirements you need before you can install and use your ZyWALL. These requirements include:

1. A computer with an Ethernet NIC (Network Interface Card) installed.

2. A computer equipped with communications software configured to the following parameters:

♦ VT100 terminal emulation. ♦ 9600 Baud. ♦ No parity, 8 Data bits, 1 Stop bit, Flow Control set to None.

Hardware Installati on & Initia l Setup 2-3

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

3. A cable/xDSL modem and an ISP account.

After the ZyWALL is properly set up, you can make future changes to the configuration through telnet connections.

2.4 Turn On Your ZyWALL

At this point, you should have connected the console port, the LAN port, the WAN port and the power port to the appropriate devices or lines. Plug the power adapter into a wall outlet. The Power LED should be on. The SYS LED will come on after the system tests are complete. The WAN LED and one of the LAN LEDs come on immediately after the SYS LED comes on, if connections have been made to the LAN and WAN ports.

Initial Screen

When you turn on your ZyWALL, it performs several internal tests as well as line initialization. After the tests, the ZyWALL asks you to press [

Figure 2-3 Initial Screen

Entering Passwo rd

The login screen appears after you press [ENTER], prompting you to enter the password, as shown below. For your first login, enter the default password 1234. As you type the password, the screen displays an (X) for each character you type. Please note that if there is no activity for longer than five minutes after you log in, your ZyWALL will automatically log you out and will display a blank screen. If you see a blank screen, press [ENTER] to bring up the login screen again.

ENTER] to continue, as sho wn next.

Enter Password : XXXX

Figure 2-4 Password Screen

2.5 Navigating the SMT Interface

The SMT (System Management Terminal) is the interface that you use to configure your ZyWALL.

2-4 Hardware Installation & Initial Setup

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Several operations that you should be familiar with before you attempt to modify the configuration are listed in the table below.

Table 2-2 Main Menu Commands

OPERATION KEYSTROKES DESCRIPTION

Move down to another menu

Move up to a previous menu

Move to a “hidden” menu

Move the cursor [ENTER] or

Enter information Fill in, or press the

Required fields

N/A fields <N/A> Some of the fields in the SMT will show a <N/A>. This symbol

Save your configuration

Exit the SMT Type 99, then press

[ENTER] To move forward to a submenu, type in the number of the desired

submenu and press [ENTER].

[ESC] Press the [ESC] key to move back to the previous menu.

Press the [SPACE BAR] to change No to Yes then press [ENTER].

[UP]/[DOWN] arrow keys

[SPACE BAR] to select from choices.

[ENTER] Save your configuration by pressing [ENTER] at the message

[ENTER].

Fields beginning with “Edit” lead to hidden menus and have a default setting of No. Press the [SPACE BAR] to change No to Yes, then press [ENTER] to go to a “hidden” menu.

Within a menu, press [ENTER] to move to the next field. You can also use the [UP]/[DOWN] arrow keys to move to the previous and the next field, respectively.

You need to fill in two types of fields. The first requires you to type in the appropriate information. The second allows you to cycle through the available choices by pressing the [SPACE BAR].

All fields with the symbol <?> must be filled in order be able to save the new configuration.

refers to an option that is Not Applicable.

“Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel”. Saving the data on the screen will take you, in most cases to the previous menu.

Type 99 at the main menu prompt and press [ENTER] to exit the SMT interface.

Hardware Installati on & Initia l Setup 2-5

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

2.5.1 Main Menu

After you enter the password, the SMT displays the ZyWALL 10 Main Menu, as shown next.

ZyWALL Main Menu

Getting Started Advanced Management

1. General Setup

2. WAN Setup

3. LAN Setup

4. Internet Access Setup

Advanced Applications

11. Remote Node Setup

12. Static Routing Setup

15. NAT Setup

Enter Menu Selection Number:

Figure 2-5 ZyWALL 10 Main Menu

21. Filter and Firewall Setup

22. SNMP Configuration

23. System Password

24. System Maintenance

26. Schedule Setup

99. Exit

2-6 Hardware Installation & Initial Setup

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

2.5.2 System Management Terminal Interface Summary

Table 2-3 Main Menu Summary

NO. MENU TITLE FUNCTION

1 General Setup Use this menu to set up routing/bridging and general infor mati on. 2 WAN Setup Use this menu to clone a MAC address from a computer on your LAN. 3 Ethernet Setup Use this menu to configure LAN DHCP and TCP/IP settings as well as

apply LAN filters.

4 Internet Access Setup Configure your Internet Access setup (Internet address, gateway, login,

etc.) with this menu.

11 Remote Node Setup Use this menu to configure detailed remote node settings (your ISP is

also a remote node) as well as apply WAN filters. 12 Static Routing Setup Configure static routes for bridging and IP in this menu. 15 NAT Setup Use this menu to configure Network Address Translation. 21 Filter and Firewall Setup Configure filters, activate/deactivate the firewall and view the firewall log. 22 SNMP Configuration Use this menu to configure SNMP-related parameters. 23 System Password Change your password in this menu (recommended). 24 System Maintenance From displaying system status to uploading firmware, this menu provides

comprehensive system maintenance. 26 Schedule Setup Use this menu to schedule outgoing calls. 99 Exit Use this menu to exit (necessary for remote configuration).

Hardware Installati on & Initia l Setup 2-7

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

2.5.3 SMT Menus at a Glance

Figure 2-6 SMT Menus at a Glance

2-8 Hardware Installation & Initial Setup

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

2.6 Changing the System Password

The first thing you should do is change the default system password by following the steps shown next. Step 1. Enter 23 in the main menu to open Menu 23 - System Password as shown below.

Menu 23 - System Password

Old Password= ? New Password= ? Retype to confirm= ?

Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL:

Figure 2-7 Menu 23 — System Password

Step 2. Enter your existing password and press [ENTER]. Step 3. Enter your new system password and pre ss [ENTER]. Step 4. Re-type your new s ystem password for confirmation and press [ENTER].

Note that as you type a password, the screen displays an (X) for each character you type.

2.6.1 Resetting the ZyWALL

If you have forgotten your password or cannot access the SMT menu you will need to reinstall the configuration file. Uploading the configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the default configuration file, you will lose all configurations that you had before and the speed of the console por t will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no parity and 1 stop bit (8n1). The password will be reset to the default of 1234, also. Turn off the ZyWALL and begin a Terminal session with the current console port settings. Turn on the ZyWALL again. When you see the message "Press Any key to enter Debug Mode within 3 seconds", press any key to enter debug mode. You should already have downloaded the correct file from your nearest ZyXEL FTP site. See Chapter 9 for more information on how to transfer the configuration file to your ZyWALL.

2.7 General Setup

Menu 1 - General Setup contains administrative and system-related information. System Name is for identification purposes. ZyXEL recommends you enter your computer’s “Computer name”. Click Start -> Settings -> Control Panel -> Network; click the Identification tab and note the entry for the “Computer name” field.

Hardware Installati on & Initia l Setup 2-9

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

The Domain Name entry is what is propagated to the DHCP clients on the LAN. If you leave this field blank, the domain name obtained by DHCP from the ISP is used. While yo u must enter the host name (System Name) on each individual machine, the domain name can be assigned from the ZyWALL via DHCP.

2.7.1 Dynamic DNS

Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a DNS-like address (e.g. myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) which will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don’t know your IP address. First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a DNS name. To use this service, you must register with the Dynamic DNS client. The Dynamic DNS Client service provider will give you a password or key. The ZyWALL at the time of writing supports www.ddns.org and

www.dyndns.org clients. You can apply to either of these clients for Dynamic DNS service.

DYNDNS Wildcard

Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature i s useful if you want to be able to use for example www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname.

2.7.2 Procedure For Configuring Menu 1

Step 1. Enter 1 in the Main Menu to open Menu 1 — General Setup. Step 2. The Menu 1 - General Setup screen appears, as shown next. Fill in the required fields.

Menu 1 - General Setup

System Name= ZYWALL_10 Domain Name=zyxel.com.tw Edit Dynamic DNS= No

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 2-8 Menu 1 — General Setup

2-10 Hardware Installati on & Initia l Se tup

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Table 2-4 General Setup Menu Field

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. It is

ZyWALL_10 recommended you enter your computer’s “Computer name” in this field. This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes “-” and underscores "_" are accepted.

Domain Name Enter the domain name (if you know it) here. If you leave this field

zyxel.com.tw blank, the ISP may assign a domain name via DHCP. You can go to menu 24.8 and type "sys domain name" to see the current domain name used by your router.

If you want to clear this field just press the [SPACE BAR]. The domain name entered by you is given priority over the ISP assigned domain name.

Edit Dynamic DNS

Press the [SPACE BAR] to select Yes or No (default). Select Yes to configure Menu 1.1 — Configure Dynamic DNS discussed next.

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to Confirm…” to save your configuration, or press [ESC] at any time to cancel.

2.7.3 Configuring Dynamic DNS

To configure Dynamic DNS, go to Menu 1 — General Setup and use the [SPACE BAR] to select Yes in the Edit Dynamic DNS field. Press [ENTER] to display Menu 1.1— Configure Dyna mic DNS (shown next).

Menu 1.1 - Configure Dynamic DNS

Service Provider = WWW.DynDNS.ORG Active= Yes Host= me.ddns.org EMAIL= mail@mailserver User= username Password= ****** Enable Wildcard= No

Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel:

Figure 2-9 Configure Dynamic DNS

Follow the instructions in the next table to configure Dynamic DNS parameters.

Hardware Installati on & Initia l Setup 2-11

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Table 2-5 Configure Dynamic DNS Menu Fields

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

Service Provider

Active Host Enter the domain name assigned to your ZyWALL by your

EMAIL Enter your e-mail address. mail@mailserver User Enter your user name. Password Enter the password assigned to you. Enable

Wildcard

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to Confirm…” to save your configuration, or press [ESC] at any time to cancel.

Enter the name of your Dynamic DNS client. www.dyndns.org

Press [SPACE BAR] to cycle between Yes or No. Yes

me.dyndns.org

Dynamic DNS provider.

Your ZyWALL supports DYNDNS Wildcard. Press [SPACE BAR] to cycle between Yes or No This field is N/A when you choose DDNS client as your service provider.

Yes

The IP address will be updated when you reconfigure Menu 1 or perform DHCP client renewal.

If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS.

2.8 WAN Setup

This section describes how to configure the WAN using Menu 2 — WAN Setup. From the main menu, enter 2 to open menu 2.

ZyXEL recommends you configure this menu even if your ISP does not require MAC

address authentication.

2-12 Hardware Installati on & Initia l Se tup

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

MAC Address: Assigned By=IP address attached on LAN IP Address= 192.168.1.12

Press Space Bar to Toggle

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Menu 2 - WAN Setup

Figure 2-10 Menu 2 — WAN Setup

The MAC address field allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the factory default or cloning the MAC address from a computer on your LAN. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to the rom file (ZyNOS configuration file). It will not change unless you change the setting in menu 2 or upload a different rom file. The following table contains instructions on how to configure your WAN setup.

Table 2-6 WAN Setup Menu Fields

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

MAC Address Assigned By Press the [SPACE BAR] to choose either of the two methods of

assigning a MAC Address. Choose Factory Default to select the factory assigned default MAC Address. Choose IP Address attached on LAN to use the MAC Address of that workstation whose IP you give in the following field.

IP Address

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to Confirm…” to save your configuration, or press [ESC] at any time to cancel.

This field is applicable only if you choose the IP Address attached on LAN method. Enter the IP address of the workstation on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning.

Factory

Default

192.168.1.1

2.9 LAN Setup

This section describes how to configure the LAN using Menu 3 — LAN Setup. From the main menu, enter 3 to open menu 3.

Hardware Installati on & Initia l Setup 2-13

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Menu 3 - LAN Setup

1. LAN Port Filter Setup

2. TCP/IP and DHCP Setup

Enter Menu Selection Number:

Figure 2-11 Menu 3 — LAN Setup

2.9.1 LAN Port Filter Setup

This menu allows you to specify the filter sets that you wish to apply to the LAN traffic. You seldom need to filter the LAN traffic, however, the filter sets may be useful to block certain packets, reduce traffic and prevent security breaches.

Menu 3.1 – LAN Port Filter Setup

Input Filter Sets: protocol filters= 2 device filters= Output Filter Sets: protocol filters= device filters=

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 2-12 Menu 3.1 — LAN Port Filter Setup

Menu 3.2 is discussed in the next chapter. Please read on.

2-14 Hardware Installati on & Initia l Se tup

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Chapter 3

Internet Access

This chapter shows you how to configure the LAN as well as the WAN of your ZyWALL for Internet

access.

3.1 TCP/IP and DHCP for LAN

The ZyWALL has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.

3.1.1 Factory LAN Defaults

The LAN parameters of the ZyWALL are preset in the factory with the following values:

1. IP address of 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)

2. DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33.

These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives you an explicit DNS server address(es), skip ahead to section 3.2 to see how to enter the DNS server address(es).

3.1.2 DHCP Configuration

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows the individual clients to obtain the TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the ZyWALL as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the ZyWALL provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If set to None, DHCP service will be disabled and you must have another DHCP sever on your LAN, or else the workstation must be manually configured.

IP Pool Setup

The ZyWALL is pre-configured with a pool of 32 IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64. This configuration leaves 31 IP addresses (excluding the ZyWALL itself) in the lower range for other server machines, e.g., server for mail, FTP, telnet, web, etc., that you may have.

DNS Server Address

DNS (Domain Name System) is to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa, e.g., the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a machine before you can access it. There are two ways that an ISP disseminates the DNS server addresses. The first is for an ISP to tell a customer the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP does give you the DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in DHCP Setup. The second is to leave this field blank, i.e., 0.0.0.0 — in this case the ZyWALL acts as a DNS proxy.

Internet Access 3-1

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Example of network properties for LAN servers with fixed IP addresses:

Choose an IP address: Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 Gateway (or default route): 192.168.1.1 (ZyWALL LAN IP)

192.168.1.2 - 192.168.1.32; 192.168.1.65 - 192.168.1.254.

3.1.3 IP Address and Subnet Mask

Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, the machines on a LAN share one common network number, also. Where you obtain your network number depends on your parti cular situation. If the I S P or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask. If the ISP di d not explicitly give you an IP network number, t hen most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0 and you must enable the Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of the ZyWALL. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. Let’s say you select 192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In other words, the first 3 numbers specify the network number while the last number identifies an individual workstation on that network. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember, e.g.,

192.168.1.1, for your ZyWALL, but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your ZyWALL will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don’t need to change the subnet mask computed by the ZyWALL unless you are instructed to do otherwise.

3.1.4 Private IP Addresses

Every machine on the Internet must have a unique IP address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet, e.g., only between your two branch offices, you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:

10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255

172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255

192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255

You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or have it assigned by a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the

3-2 Internet Access

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.

Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always

follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer

to RFC 1597, Address Allocati on for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for

Management of IP Address Space.

3.1.5 RIP Setup

RIP (Routing Information Protocol, RFC1058 and RFC 1389) allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers. The RIP Direction field controls the sending and receiving of RIP packets. When set to Both or Out Only, the ZyWALL will broadcast its routing table periodically. When set to Both or In Only, it will incorporate the RIP information that it receives; when set to None, it will not send any RIP packets and will ignore any RIP packets received. The Version field controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the ZyWALL sends (it recognizes both formats when receiving). RIP-1 is universally supported; but RIP-2 carries more information. RIP-1 is probably adequate for most networks, unless you have an unusual network topology. Both RIP-2B and RIP-2M sends the routing data in RIP-2 format; the difference being that RIP-2B uses subnet broadcasting while RIP-2M uses multicasting. Multicasting can reduce the load on non-router machines since they generally do not listen to the RIP multicast address and so will not receive the RIP packets. However, if one router uses multicasting, then all routers on your network must use multicasting, also. By default, RIP Direction is set to Both and the Version set to RIP-1.

3.1.6 IP Multicast

Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender — 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender — everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a session-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to

239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address

224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group. The ZyWALL supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2 (IGMP-v2). At start up, the ZyWALL queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the ZyWALL periodically updates this information. IP Multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the ZyWALL LAN and/or

Internet Access 3-3

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

WAN interfaces using menus 3.2 (LAN) and 11.3 (WAN). Select None to disable IP Multicasting on these interfaces.

3.1.7 IP Alias

IP Alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. The ZyWALL supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the ZyWALL itself as the gateway for each LAN network.

Figure 3-1 Physical Network Figure 3-2 Partitioned Logical Networks

Use menu 3.2.1 to configure IP Alias on your ZyWALL.

3.2 TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup

From the main menu, enter 3 to open Menu 3 - LAN Setup to configure TCP/IP (RFC 1155) and DHCP Ethernet setup.

3-4 Internet Access

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Menu 3 – LAN Setup

1. LAN Port Filter Setup

2. TCP/IP and DHCP Setup

Enter Menu Selection Number:

Figure 3-3 Menu 3 — LAN Setup

From menu 3, select the submenu option TCP/IP and DHCP Setup and press [ENTER]. The screen now

Menu 3.2 — TCP/IP and DHCP Et hernet Setup

displays

as shown.

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup

DHCP= Server Configuration:

Client IP Pool Starting Address= 192.168.1.33 Size of Client IP Pool= 32 Primary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0 Secondary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0

DHCP Server Address= N/A

TCP/IP Setup:

IP Address= 192.168.1.1 IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0 RIP Direction= Both

Version= RIP-1 Multicast= IGMP-v2 Edit IP Alias= No

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

First address in the IP Pool

Size of the IP Pool

IP addresses of the DNS servers

Figure 3-4 Menu 3.2 — TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup

Follow the instructions in the next table on how to configure the DHCP fields.

Internet Access 3-5

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Table 3-1 DHCP Ethernet Setup Menu Fields

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

DHCP This field enables/disables the DHCP server.

If set to Server, your ZyWALL will act as a DHCP server. If set to None, the DHCP server will be disabled. If set to Relay, the ZyWALL acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays requests and responses between the remote server and the clients.

When set to Server, the following four items need to be set:

Configuration

Client IP Pool

Starting Address

Size of Client IP

Primary DNS

Secondary DNS

DHCP Server

Address

This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.

This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool. 32

Pool

Type in the IP addresses of the DNS servers. The DNS servers are passed

Server

to the DHCP clients along with the IP address and the subnet mask.

Server

If Relay is selected in the DHCP field above, then type in the IP address of the actual, remote DHCP server here.

Server

192.168.1.33

Follow the instructions in the following table to configure TCP/IP parameters for the LAN port.

Table 3-2 LAN TCP/IP Setup Menu Fields

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

TCP/IP Setup

IP Address Enter the IP address of your ZyWALL in dotted decimal notation 192.168.1.1

(default)

IP Subnet Mask Your ZyWALL will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on

the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the ZyWALL

RIP Direction

Version

Press the [SPACE BAR] to select the RIP direction from Both, In Only, Out Only or None.

Press the [SPACE BAR] to select the RIP version from RIP-1/RIP- 2B/RIP-2M.

255.255.255.0

Both

(default)

RIP-1

(default)

3-6 Internet Access

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

Multicast IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a session-layer protocol

None

used to establish membership in a Multicast group. The ZyWALL supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and version 2 (IGMP-v2). Press the [SPACE BAR] to enable IP Multicasting or select None (default) to disable it.

Edit IP Alias The ZyWALL supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single

Yes

physical Ethernet interface with the ZyWALL itself as the gateway for each LAN network. Press the [SPACE BAR] to toggle No to Yes, then press [ENTER] to bring you to menu 3.2.1

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt [Press ENTER to Confirm…] to save your configuration, or press [ESC] at any time to cancel.

3.2.1 IP Alias Setup

You must use menu 3.2 to configure the first network and move the cursor to the Edit IP Alias field and press [SPACE BAR] to choose Yes and press [ENTER] to configure the second and third network. Pressing [ENTER] opens M enu 3.2.1 - IP Alias Setup, as shown next.

Menu 3.2.1 - IP Alias Setup

IP Alias 1= No IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A RIP Direction= N/A Version= N/A Incoming protocol filters= N/A Outgoing protocol filters= N/A IP Alias 2= No IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A RIP Direction= N/A Version= N/A Incoming protocol filters= N/A Outgoing protocol filters= N/A

Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL:

Press S

ace Bar to Toggle.

Figure 3-5 Menu 3.2.1 — IP Alias Setup

Internet Access 3-7

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Use the instructions in the following table to configure IP Alias parameters.

Table 3-3 IP Alias Setup Menu Fields

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

IP Alias IP Address Enter the IP address of your ZyWALL in dotted decimal notation 192.168.2.1

IP Subnet Mask Your ZyWALL will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on

RIP Direction

Version

Choose Yes to configure the LAN network for the ZyWALL. Yes

255.255.255.0 the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the ZyWALL

Press the [SPACE BAR] to select the RIP direction from Both, In Only, Out Only or None.

Press the [SPACE BAR] to select the RIP version from RIP-1, RIP-

2B or RIP-2M.

None

RIP-1

Incoming Protocol Filters

Outgoing Protocol Filters

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt [Press ENTER to Confirm…] to save your configuration, or press [ESC] at any time to cancel.

Enter the filter set(s) you wish to apply to the incoming traffic between this node and the ZyWALL.

Enter the filter set(s) you wish to apply to the outgoing traffic between this node and the ZyWALL.

3.3 Internet Access Setup

You will see three different menu 4 screens depending on whether you chose Ethernet, PPT P or PPPoE

Encapsulation.

3.3.1 Ethernet Encapsulation

You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. The PPPoE choice is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE. If you choose Ethernet in menu 4 you will see the next screen.

3-8 Internet Access

Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup

ISP's Name= ChangeMe Encapsulation= Ethernet Service Type= Standard My Login= N/A My Password= N/A Login Server IP= N/A

IP Address Assignment= Dynamic IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A Gateway IP Address= N/A Network Address Translation= Full Feature

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 3-6 Menu 4 — Internet Access Setup (Ethernet)

The following table describes this screen.

Table 3-4 Internet Access Setup Menu Fields

FIELD DESCRIPTION

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

ISP’s Name Enter the name of your Internet Service Provider, e.g., myISP. This

information is for identification purposes only.

Encapsulation

Press [SPACE BAR] and then press [ENTER] to choose Ethernet. The encapsulation method influences your choices for IP Address.

Service Type

Press the [SPACE BAR] to select Standard, RR-Toshiba (RoadRunner Toshiba authentication method) or RR-Manager (RoadRunner Manager authentication method). Choose a RoadRunner flavor if your ISP is Time Warner's RoadRunner; otherwise choose Standard.

Note: xDSL users must choose the Standard option only. The Server IP, My Login IP and My Password fields are not applicable in this case.

My Login Name Enter the login name given to you by your ISP.

My Password Enter the password associated with the login name above.

does not, then you must enter the authentication server IP address.

IP Address Assignment

If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address, select Dynamic, otherwise select Static and enter the IP address & subnet mask in the following fields.

Internet Access 3-9

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

FIELD DESCRIPTION

IP Address Enter the (fixed) IP address assigned to you by your ISP (Static IP Address

Assignment is selected in the previous field).

IP Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask associated with your static IP.

Gateway IP Address Enter the gateway IP address associated with your static IP.

Network Address Translation

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to Confirm…” to save your configuration, or press [ESC] at any time to cancel.

Please see the NAT chapter for a more detailed discussion on the Network Address Translation feature. The choices are Full Feature, None and SUA

Only.

3.3.2 PPTP Encapsulation

Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables secure transfer of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based networks PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol, and virtual private networking over public networks, such as the Internet.

The ZyWALL 10 supports only one PPTP server connection at any given time.

3.3.3 Configuring the PPTP Client

To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the My Login and Password fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection.

After configuring My Login and Password for PPP connection, press [SPACE BAR] in the Encapsulation field in Me nu 4 -Internet Access Setup to choose PPTP as your encapsulation option. This brings up the following screen.

3-10 Internet Access

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup

ISP's Name= ChangeMe Encapsulation= PPTP Service Type= N/A My Login= username

My Password= ****** Idle Timeout= 100

IP Address Assignment= Dynamic

IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A Gateway IP Address=N/A

Network Address Translation= SUA Only

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 3-7 Internet Access Setup (PPTP)

The following table contains instructions about the new fields when you choose PPTP in the Encapsulation field in M e nu 4.

Table 3-5 New Fields in Menu 4 (PPTP) screen

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

Encapsulation Press the [SPACE BAR] and then press [ENTER] to choose

PPTP

PPTP. The encapsulation method influences your choices for

IP Address.

Idle Timeout This value specifies the time in seconds that elapses before

the ZyWALL automatically disconnects from the PPTP server.

100

(default)

3.3.4 PPPoE Encapsulation

The ZyWALL supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF Draft standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (i.e. xDSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection.

For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (e.g., Radius). For the user, PPPoE provides a login & authentication method that the existing Microsoft Dial-Up Networking software can activate, and therefore requires no new learning or procedures for Windows users.

One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let end users access one of multiple network services, a function

Internet Access 3-11

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for specific users.

Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both the end user and ISP/carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.

By implementing PPPoE directly on the ZyWALL 10 (rather than individual computer’s), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the ZyWALL does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LAN’s computers will have access.

If you enable PPPoE in menu 4, you will see the next screen. For more information on PPPoE, please see the Appendices.

Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup

ISP's Name= ChangeMe Encapsulation= PPPoE Service Type= My Login= My Password= ******** Idle Timeout= 100

IP Address Assignment= Dynamic IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A Gateway IP Address= N/A Network Address Translation= Full Feature

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 3-8 Internet Access Setup (PPPoE)

Table 3-6 New Fields in Menu 4 (PPPoE) screen

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

Encapsulation

Press the [SPACE BAR] and then press [ENTER] to choose PPPoE.

PPPoE

The encapsulation method influences your choices for IP Address.

Idle Timeout This value specifies the time in seconds that elapses before the

ZyWALL automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server.

100

(default)

If you need a PPPoE service name to identify and reach the PPPoE server, please go to menu 11 and enter the PPPoE service name provided to you in the Service Name field.

3-12 Internet Access

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

3.4 Basic Setup Complete

Well done! You have successfully connected, installed and set up your ZyWALL to operate on your network as well as access the Internet.

Please note that when the firewall is activated, the default policy allows all

communications to the Internet that originate from the LAN, and blocks all traffic to

You may deactivate the firewall in menu 21.2 or via the ZyWALL Web Configurator. You may also define additional firewall rules or modify existing ones but please exercise extreme caution in doing so. See Part 4 for more information on the firewall.

the LAN that originates from the Internet.

Internet Access 3-13

Advanced Applications

Part II:

Advanced Applications

Chapters 4 — 6 describe advanced applications including Remote Node Setup, IP Static routes

and NAT.

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Chapter 4

Remote Node Setup

This chapter shows you how to configure a remote node.

A remote node is required for placing calls to a remote gateway. A remote node represents both the remote gateway and t he network b ehind it across a WAN connection. Not e that when you use menu 4 to set up Internet access, you are actually configuring a remote node. We will show you how to configure Menu 11.1

Remote Node Profile, Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options and Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filter.

4.1 Remote Node Profile

From the main menu, select menu option 11 to open Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile. There are two variations of this menu depending on whether you choose Ethernet Encapsulation or PPPoE

Encapsulation.

4.1.1 Ethernet Encapsulation

You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. The first menu

11.1 scre en you see is for Ethernet encapsulation shown next.

Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile

Rem Node Name= ChangeMe Route= IP Active= Yes

Encapsulation= Ethernet Edit IP= No Service Type= Standard Session Options: Service Name= N/A Edit Filter Sets= No Outgoing: My Login= N/A My Password= N/A Server IP= N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 4-1 Menu 11.1 — Remote Node Profile for Ethernet Encapsulation

Remote Node Setup 4-1

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Table 4-1 Fields in Menu 11.1

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

Rem Node Name Enter a descriptive name for the remote node. This field can

be up to eight characters.

Active

Encapsulation

Service Type

Service Name

Outgoing

My Login

My Password Enter the password assigned by your ISP when the ZyWALL

Server IP This field is valid for RoadRunner service type only. The

Route This field refers to the protocol that will be routed by your

Edit IP This field leads to a “hidden” menu. Press [SPACE BAR] to

Session Options

Edit Filter sets

Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes (activate remote node) or

No (deactivate remote node). Ethernet is the default encapsulation. Press the [SPACE

BAR] if you wish to change to PPPoE en capsulation. Press [SPACE BAR] to select from Standard, RR-Toshiba

(RoadRunner Toshiba authentication method) or RR- Manager (RoadRunner Manager authentication method). Choose one of the RoadRunner methods if your ISP is Time Warner's RoadRunner; otherwise choose Standard.

This is valid only when you have chosen PPPoE encapsulation. If you are using PPPoE encapsulation, then type the name of your PPPoE service here.

This field is applicable for PPPoE encapsulation only. Enter the login name assigned by your ISP when the ZyWALL calls this remote node. Some ISPs append this field to the Service Name field above (e.g., jim@poellc) to access the PPPoE server.

calls this remote node. Valid for PPPoE encapsulation only.

ZyWALL will find the RoadRunner Server IP automatically if this field is left blank. If it does not, then you must enter the authentication server IP address here.

ZyWALL – IP is the only option for the ZyWALL 10.

select Yes and press [ENTER] to go to Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options.

This field leads to another “hidden” menu. Use the [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and press [ENTER] to open menu 11.5 to edit the filter sets. See the Remote Node Filter section for more details.

LAoffice

Yes

Ethernet

Standard

poellc

jim

*****

Yes

4-2 Remote Node Setup

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Once you have configured the Remote Node Profile Menu, press [ENTER] to return to menu 11. Press [ENTER] at the message “Press ENTER to Confirm...” to save your configuration, or press [ESC] at any time to cancel.

4.1.2 PPPoE Encapsulation

The ZyWALL supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). You can only use PPPoE encapsulati on when you ’re using the ZyWALL with an xDSL modem as the WAN device. If you change the Encapsulation to PPPoE, then you will see the next screen. Please see the Appendices for more information on PPPoE.

Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile

Rem Node Name= ChangeMe Route= IP Active= Yes

Encapsulation= PPPoE Edit IP= No Service Type= Standard Telco Option: Service Name= Allocated Budget(min)= 0 Outgoing= Period(hr)= 0 My Login= Schedules= My Password= ******** Nailed-Up Connection= No Authen= CHAP/PAP

Session Options: Edit Filter Sets= No Idle Timeout(sec)= 100

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Press Space Bar to Toggle.

Figure 4-2 Menu 11.1 — Remote Node Profile for PPPoE Encapsulation

Outgoing Authentication Protocol

Generally speaking, you should employ the strongest authentication protocol possible, for obvious reasons. However, some vendor’s implementation includes specific authentication protocol in the user profile. It will disconnect if the negotiated protocol is different from that in the user profile, even when the negotiated protocol is stronger than specified. If you encounter the case where the peer disconnects right after a successful authentication, please make sure that you specify the correct authentication protocol when connecting to such an implementation.

Nailed-Up Connection

A nailed-up connection is a dial-up line where the connection is always up regardless of traffic demand. The ZyWALL does two things when you specify a nailed-up connection. The first is that idle timeout is disabled. The second is that the ZyWALL will try to bring up the connection when turned on and whenever the connection is down. A nailed-up connection can be very expensive for obvious reasons.

Remote Node Setup 4-3

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Do not specify a nailed-up connection unless your telephone company offers flat-rate service or you need a constant connection and the cost is of no concern. The following table describes the fields not already described in Table 4-1.

Table 4-2 Fields in Menu 11.1 (PPPoE Encapsulation Specific)

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

Authen This field sets the authentication protocol used for

outgoing calls. Options for this field are:

CHAP/PAP - Your ZyWALL will accept either CHAP or PAP when requested by this remote node.

CHAP - accept CHAP only. PAP - accept PAP only.

Telco Option

Allocated Budget The field sets a ceiling for outgoing call time for this

remote node. The default for this field is 0 meaning no budget control.

Period(hr) This field is the time period that the budget should be

reset. For example, if we are allowed to call this remote node for a maximum of 10 minutes every hour, then the Allocated Budget is (10 minutes) and the Period(hr) is 1 (hour).

Schedules You can apply up to four schedule sets here. For more

details please refer to the Call Schedule Setup chapter.

Nailed-Up

Connection

Session Options

Idle Timeout

This field specifies if you want to make the connection to this remote node a nailed-up connection. More details are given earlier in this section.

This value specifies the idle time (i.e., the length of time there is no traffic from the ZyWALL to the remote node) in seconds that can elapse before the ZyWALL automatically disconnects the PPPoE connection. This

option only applies when the ZyWALL initiates the call.

CHAP/PAP

100 seconds

(default)

4.1.3 PPTP Encapsulation

If you change the Encapsulation to PPTP in menu 11.1, then you will see the next screen. Please see the

appendices for information on PPTP.

4-4 Remote Node Setup

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile

Rem Node Name= ChangeMe Route= IP Active= Yes

Encapsulation= PPTP Edit IP= No Service Type= Standard Telco Option: Service Name=N/A Allocated Budget(min)= 0 Outgoing= Period(hr)= 0 My Login= Schedules= My Password= ******** Nailed-up Connections= Authen= CHAP/PAP

PPTP : Edit Filter Sets= No My IP Addr= Idle Timeout(sec)= 100 Server IP Addr= Connection ID/Name=

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Press Space Bar to Toggle.

Session Options:

Figure 4-3 Menu 11.1 — Remote Node Profile for PPTP Encapsulation

The next table shows how to configure fields in menu 11.1 not previously discussed above.

Table 4-3 Fields in Menu 11.1 (PPTP Encapsulation)

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

Encapsulation

Toggle the space bar to choose PPTP. You must also go to

PPTP

menu 11.3 to check the IP Address setting once you have selected the encapsulation method.

My IP Addr Enter the IP address of the WAN Ethernet port. 10.0.0.140

My Server IP

Enter the IP address of the ANT modem. 10.0.0.138

Addr

Connection

ID/Name

Enter the connection ID or connection name in the ANT. It must follow the “c:id” and “n:name” format.

N:My ISP

This field is optional and depends on the requirements of your xDSL Modem.

Schedules You can apply up to four schedule sets here. For more details

please refer to the Call Schedule Setup chapter.

Nailed-Up Connections

Use the [SPACE BAR] to select Yes if you want to make the connection to this remote node a nailed-up connection.

Remote Node Setup 4-5

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

4.2 Editing TCP/IP Options (with Ethernet Encapsulati on)

Move the cursor to the Edit IP field in menu 11.1, then press the [SPACE BAR] to toggle and set the value to Yes. Press [ENTER]

IP Address Assignment= Dynamic IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A Gateway IP Addr= N/A

Metric= N/A Private= N/A RIP Direction= None Version= N/A Multicast= None

Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL: Press Space Bar to Toggle

Figure 4-4 Menu 11.3 — Remote Node Network Layer Options

The next table gives you instructions about configuring remote node network layer options.

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

IP Address Assignment

IP Address If you have a Static IP Assignment, enter the IP address assigned to

IP Subnet Mask

Gateway IP Addr

Network Address Translation

Metric This field is valid only for PPTP/PPPoE encapsulation. The metric

to open Menu 11.3 - Network Layer Options.

Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options

Network Address Translation= SUA Only

Table 4-4 Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu Fields

If your ISP did not assign you an explicit IP address, select Dynamic; otherwise select Static and enter the IP address & subnet mask in the following fields.

you by your ISP. If you have a Static IP Assignment, enter the subnet mask assigned

to you. If you have a Static IP Assignment, enter the gateway IP address

assigned to you. Use the [SPACE BAR] to select either Full Feature, None or SUA

Only. See the NAT chapter for a full discussion on this feature.

represents the “cost” of transmission for routing purposes. IP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks. Enter a number that approximates the cost for this link. The number need not be precise, but it must be between 1 and 15. In practice, 2 or 3 is usually a good number.

Dynamic

SUA Only

4-6 Remote Node Setup

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

Private This field is valid only for PPTP/PPPoE encapsulation. This

parameter determines if the ZyWALL will include the route to this remote node in its RIP broadcasts. If set to Yes, this route is kept private and not included in RIP broadcast. If No, the route to this remote node will be propagated to other hosts through RIP broadcasts.

RIP

Version

Multicast IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a session-layer protocol

Once you have completed filling in the Network Layer Options Menu, press [ENTER] to return to menu 11. Press [ENTER] at the message “Press ENTER to Confirm...” to save your configuration, or press [ESC] at any time to cancel.

Press the [SPACE BAR] to select the RIP direction from Both/ None/In Only/Out Only. Please see the RIP Setup section for more information on RIP. The default for RIP on the WAN side is None. It is recommended that you do not change this setting.

Press the [SPACE BAR] to select the RIP version from RIP-1/RIP- 2B/RIP-2M or None.

used to establish membership in a Multicast group. The ZyWALL supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and version 2 (IGMP-v2). Press [SPACE BAR] to enable IP Multicasting or select None to disable it. See the previous Part for more information on this feature.

Yes

None

IGMP-v2

4.2.1 Editing TCP/IP Options (with PPTP Encapsulation)

Make sure that Encapsulation is set to PPTP in menu 11.1. Then move the cursor to the Edit IP field in menu 11.1, press the [SPACE BAR] to toggle No to Yes. Press [ENTER] Layer Options.

Remote Node Setup 4-7

to open Menu 11.3 - Network

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options

IP Address Assignment= Dynamic Rem IP Address= N/A Rem Subnet Mask= N/A My WAN Addr= 0.0.0.0

Network Address Translation= Full Feature Metric= 1 Private= No RIP Direction= None Version= N/A

Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL: Press Space Bar to Toggle.

Multicast= None

Figure 4-5 Menu 11.3 — Remote Node Network Layer Options

The next table gives you instructions about configuring remote node network layer options.

Table 4-5 Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu Fields

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

IP Address Assignment

Rem IP Address

Rem IP Subnet Mask

My WAN Addr Some implementations, especially the UNIX derivatives, require the

Network Address Translation

Metric The metric represents the “cost” of transmission for routing purposes.

If your ISP did not assign you an explicit IP address, select Dynamic; otherwise select Static and enter the IP address & subnet mas k in the following fields.

If you have a Static IP Assignment, enter the IP address assigned to the remote node.

If you have a Static IP Assignment, enter the subnet mask assigned to the remote node.

WAN link to have a separate IP network number from the LAN and each end must have a unique address within the WAN network number. If this is the case, enter the IP address assigned to the WAN port of your ZyWALL.

Note that this is the address assigned to your local ZyWALL, not the remote router.

Use the [SPACE BAR] to select either Full Feature, None or SUA Only. See the NAT chapter for a full discussion on this feature.

IP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks. Enter a number that approximates the cost for this link. The number need not be precise, but it must be between 1 and 15. In practice, 2 or 3 is usually a good

Dynamic

192.168.1.1

255.255.255.0

SUA Only

1 to 15

4-8 Remote Node Setup

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

number.

Private This parameter determines if the ZyWALL will include the route to this

remote node in its RIP broadcasts. If set to Yes, this route is kept private and not included in RIP broadcast. If No, the route to this remote node will be propagated to other hosts through RIP broadcasts.

RIP

Version

Multicast IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a session-layer protocol

Press the [SPACE BAR] to select the RIP direction from Both/ None/In Only/Out Only and None.

Press the [SPACE BAR] to select the RIP version from RIP-1/RIP-

2B/RIP-2M.

Yes

None

(default)

RIP-1

None

4.2.2 Editing TCP/IP Options (with PPPoE Encapsulation)

Make sure Encapsulation is set to PPPoE in menu 11.1. Move the cursor to the Edit IP field in Menu

11.1 and press the [SPACE BAR] to select Yes. Press [ENTER]

to open Menu 11.3 - Network Layer

Options. The menu and fields are the same as described for PPTP encapsulation above.

4.3 Remote Node Filter

Move the cursor to the field Edit Filter Sets in menu 11.1, then press the [SPACE BAR] to set the value to YES. Press [ENTER] to open Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filter. Use menu 11.5 to specify the filter set(s) to apply to the incoming and outgoing traffic between this remote node and the ZyWALL to prevent certain packets from triggering calls. You can specify up to 4 filter sets separated by commas, e.g., 1, 5, 9, 12, in each filter field. Note that spaces are accepted in this field. For more information on defining the filters, please refer to the Filters chapter. For PPPoE or PP TP encapsulation, you can also specify remote node call filter sets.

Remote Node Setup 4-9

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filter

Input Filter Sets: protocol filters= 3 device filters= Output Filter Sets: protocol filters= 1 device filters=

Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL:

Figure 4-6 Menu 11.5 — Remote Node Filter (Ethernet Encapsulation)

Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filter

Input Filter Sets: protocol filters= 3 Device filters= Output Filter Sets: protocol filters= 1 device filters= Call Filter Sets: protocol filters= 1 Device filters=

Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL:

Figure 4-7 Menu 11.5 — Remote Node Filter (PPPoE or PPTP Encapsulation)

4-10 Remote Node Setup

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Chapter 5

IP Static Route Setup

This chapter shows you how to configure static routes with your ZyWALL.

Static routes tell the ZyWALL routing information that it cannot learn automatically through other means. This can arise in cases where RIP is disabled on the LAN. Each remote node specifies only the network to which the gateway is directly connected, and the ZyWALL has no knowledge of the networks beyond. For instance, the ZyWALL knows about network N2 in the following diagram through remote node Router 1. However, the ZyWALL is unable to route a packet to network N3 because it doesn’t know that there is a route through the same remote node Router 1 (via gateway Router 2). The static routes are for you to tell the ZyWALL about the networks beyond the remote nodes.

Figure 5-1 Example of Static Routing Topology

IP Static Route Setup 5-1

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

5.1 IP Static Route Setup

You configure IP static routes in menu 12. 1, by selecting one of the IP static routes as shown below. Enter 12 from the main menu.

Menu 12 - IP Static Route Setup

1. ________

2. ________

3. ________

4. ________

5. ________

6. ________

7. ________

8. ________

Enter selection number:

Figure 5-2 Menu 12 — IP Static Route Setup

Now, enter the index number of one of the static routes you want to configure.

Menu 12.1 - Edit IP Static Route

Route #: 1 Route Name= ? Active= No Destination IP Address= ? IP Subnet Mask= ? Gateway IP Address= ? Metric= 2 Private= No

Press ENTER to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL:

Figure 5-3 Menu 12. 1 — Edit IP Static Route

`The following table de scribes the IP Static Route Menu fields.

5-2 IP Static Route Setup

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Table 5-1 IP Static Route Menu Fields

FIELD DESCRIPTION

Route # This is the index number of the static route that you chose in menu 12. Route Name Enter a descriptive name for this route. This is for identification purposes only. Active This field allows you to activate/deactivate this static route. Destination IP

Address

IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask for this destination. Gateway IP

Address

Metric Metric represents the “cost” of transmission for routing purposes. IP routing uses hop

Private This parameter determines if the ZyWALL will include the route to this remote node in

Once you have completed filling in this menu, press [ENTER] at the message “Press ENTER to Confirm…” to save your configuration, or press [ESC] to cancel.

This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host ID.

Enter the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is an immediate neighbor of your ZyWALL that will forward the packet to the destination. On the LAN, the gateway must be a router on the same segment as your ZyWALL; over the WAN, the gateway must be the IP address of one of the Remote Nodes.

count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks. Enter a number that approximates the cost for this link. The number need not be precise, but it must be between 1 and 15. In practice, 2 or 3 is usually a good number.

its RIP broadcasts. If set to Yes, this route is kept private and not included in RIP broadcast. If No, the route to this remote node will be propagated to other hosts through RIP broadcasts.

IP Static Route Setup 5-3

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Chapter 6

Network Address Translation (NAT)

This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the ZyWALL.

6.1 Introduction

NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, e.g., the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network.

6.1.1 NAT Definitions

Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the ZyWALL, e.g., the workstations of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts. Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, e.g., the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is travelling in the WAN side. Note that inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP addr ess of a host used in a packet. Thus, an inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in a packet when the packet is still in the local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the IP ad dress of the same inside host when the packet is on the WAN side. The following table summarizes this information.

Table 6-1 NAT Definitions

TERM DEFINITION

Inside This refers to the host on the LAN. Outside This refers to the host on the WAN. Local This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the LAN. Global This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the WAN.

The IP address (either local or global) of an outside host is never changed.

6.1.2 What NAT Does

In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note that the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host is never changed.

NAT 6-1

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the ISP. In addition, you can designate servers, e.g., a web server and a telnet server, on your local network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers (for Many-to-One and Many-to-Many Overload mapping – see below), NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall protection. If no server is defined in these cases, all incoming inquiries will be filtered out by your ZyWALL, thus preventing intruders from probing your network. For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631,

The IP Network Address Translator (NAT).

6.1.3 How NAT works

Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets, the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside Global Address) is the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the destination address on the LAN, and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers for Many-to-One and Many-to-Many Overload NAT mapping) in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The ZyWALL keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this.

Figure 6-1 How NAT Works

6-2 NAT

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

6.1.4 NAT Mapping Types

NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are:

1. One to One: In One-to-One mode, the ZyWALL maps one local IP address to one global IP address.

2. Many to One: In Many-to-One mode, the ZyWALL maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP

address. This is equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), ZyXEL’s Sin gle User Account feature that previous ZyXEL routers supported (the SUA Only option in today’s routers).

3. Many to Many Overload: In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the ZyWALL maps the multiple local IP

addresses to shared global IP ad dresses.

4. Many to Many No Overload: In Many-to-Many No Overload mode, the ZyWALL maps the each local

IP addresses to unique global IP ad dresses.

5. Server: This type allows you to specify inside servers of different services behind the NAT to be

accessible to the outside world.

Port numbers do not change for One-to-One and Many-to-Many-No Overload NAT

The following table summarizes these types.

Table 6-2 NAT Mapping Types

TYPE IP MAPPING SMT ABBREVIATION

One-to-One ILA1!" IGA1 1:1 Many-to-One (SUA/PAT) ILA1!" IGA1

Many-to-Many Overload ILA1!" IGA1

Many-to-Many No Overload ILA1!" IGA1

mapping types.

M:1 ILA2!" IGA1 …

M:M Ov ILA2!" IGA2 ILA3!" IGA1 ILA4!" IGA2 …

M:M No Ov ILA2!" IGA2 ILA3!" IGA3 …

NAT 6-3

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

TYPE IP MAPPING SMT ABBREVIATION

Server Server 1 IP!" IGA1

Server 2 IP!" IGA1 Server 3 IP!" IGA1

Server

6.1.5 SUA (Single User Account) Versus NAT

SUA (Single User Account) in previous ZyNOS versions is a subset of NAT that supports two types of mapping, Many-to-One and Server. See section 6.2.3 for a detailed description of the NAT set for SUA. The ZyWALL now has Full Feature NAT support to map global IP addresses to local IP addresses of clients or servers using all mapping types as outlined in Table 6-2. The ZyWALL supports NAT sets on a remote node basis. They are reusable, but only one set is allowed for each remote node. The ZyWALL 10 supports 2 sets since there is only one remote node. The second set (SUA Only option in menu 15.1) is a convenient, pre-configured, read only Many-to-One port mapping set, sufficient for most purposes (see section 6.4 for some examples) and helpful to people already familiar with SUA in previous ZyNOS versions.

6.1.6 NAT Application

The following figure illustrates a possible NAT application, where three inside LANs (logical LANs using IP Alias) behind the ZyWALL can “talk” to three distinct Internet destinations. More examples follow at the end of this chapter.

6-4 NAT

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Figure 6-2 NAT Application

6.2 SMT Menus

6.2.1 Applying NAT in the SMT Menus

You apply NAT via menus 4 or 11.3 as displayed next. The next figure shows you how to apply NAT for Internet access in menu 4. Enter 4 from the main menu to go to Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup.

NAT 6-5

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup

ISP's Name= ChangeMe Encapsulation= Ethernet Service Type= Standard My Login= N/A My Password= N/A Login Server IP= N/A

IP Address Assignment= Dynamic IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A Gateway IP Address= N/A Network Address Translation= SUA Only

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 6-3 Menu 4 — Applying NAT for Internet Access

The following figure shows how you apply NAT to the remote node in menu 11.1.

Step 1. Enter 11 from the main menu. Step 2. Move the cursor to the Edit IP field, press the [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and then press

[ENTER] to bring up Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options.

Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options

IP Address Assignment= Dynamic IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A Gateway IP Addr= N/A

Network Address Translation= Full Feature Metric= N/A Private= N/A RIP Direction= None Version= N/A Multicast= None

Figure 6-4 Menu 11.3 — Applying NAT to the Remote Node

The following table describes the options for Network Address Translation.

6-6 NAT

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Table 6-3 Applying NAT in Menus 4 & 11.3

FIELD OPTIONS DESCRIPTION

Network Address Translation

Full Feature

None SUA Only

When you select this option the SMT will use Address Mapping Set 1 (menu 15.1 - see section

6.2.3 for further discussion). You can config ure any of the mapping types described in Table 6-2.

NAT is disabled when you select this option. When you select this option the SMT will use

Address Mapping Set 255 (menu 15.1 - see section

6.2.3). It is a convenient, pre-configured, read only Many-to-One port mapping set, sufficient for most purposes and helpful to people already familiar with SUA in previous ZyNOS versions. Note that there is also a Server type whose IGA is 0.0.0.0 in this set.

6.2.2 Configuring NAT

To configure NAT, enter 15 from the main menu to bring up the following screen.

Menu 15 — NAT Setup

1. Address Mapping Sets

2. Server Set

Enter Menu Selection Number:

Figure 6-5 Menu 15 — NAT Setup

6.2.3 Address Mapping Sets and NAT Server Sets:

Use the Address Mapping Sets menus and submenus to create the mapping table used to assign global addresses to machines on the LAN. Each remote node must specify which NAT Address Mapping Set to use. The ZyWALL 10 has one remote node and so allows you to configure only one NAT Address Mapping Set. You can see two NAT Address Mapping sets in menu 15.1. You can only configure Set 1. Set 255 is used for SUA. When you select Full Feature in menu 4 or 11.3, the SMT will use Set 1, which supports all mapping types as outlined in Table 6-2. When you select SUA Only, the SMT will use the preconfigured Set 255 (read only) – see section 6.1.5. The Server Set is a list of LAN side servers mapped to external ports. To use this set (one set for the ZyWALL 10), a server rule must be set up inside the NAT Address Mapping set. Please see section 6.3 for further information on these me nus.

NAT 6-7

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Enter 1 to bring up Menu 15.1 — Address Mapping Sets.

Menu 15.1 — Address Mapping Sets

1. NAT_SET

255. SUA (read only)

Enter Menu Selection Number:

Figure 6-6 Menu 15.1 — Address Mapping Sets

1. NAT_SET is a set nam e that was created as an exa m ple . Inf or ma tion about creating

your own address mapping se ts is prov ided la te r in the cha pter .

Let’s look first at Option 255. Option 255 is equivalent to SUA in previous ZyXEL routers (see section

6.1.5). The fields in this menu cannot be changed. Entering 255 brings up this screen.

Menu 15.1.255 - Address Mapping Rules

Set Name= SUA

Idx Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Type

--- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ------

1. 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0 M-1

2. 0.0.0.0 Server

10.

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 6-7 Menu 15.1.255 — SUA Address Mapping Rules

The following table explains the fields in this screen.

The fields in this menu are read-only. The Type, Local and Global Start/End IPs are

normally (not for this read-only menu) configured in menu 15.1.1.1 (described later)

and the values are displayed here.

6-8 NAT

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Table 6-4 SUA Address Mapping Rules

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

Set Name This is the name of the set you selected in menu

15.1 or enter the name of a new set you want to

create. Idx This is the index or rule number. 1 Local Start IP Local End IP

Global Start IP This is the starting global IP address (IGA). If you

Global End IP This is the ending global IP address (IGA). Type These are the mapping types discussed above

Press [ENTER] to confirm or [ESC] to cancel.

Local Start IP is the starting local IP address (ILA)

(see Figure 6-1). Local End IP is the ending local

IP address (ILA). If the rule is for all local IPs, then

the Start IP is 0.0.0.0 and the End IP is

255.255.255.255.

have a dynamic IP, enter 0.0.0.0 as the Global

Start IP.

(see Table 6-2). Type Server allows us to specify

multiple servers of different types behind NAT to

this machine. See section 6.4.3 below for some

examples.

SUA

0.0.0.0

255.255.255.255

0.0.0.0

N/A

Server

For all Local and Global IPs, the End IP address must begin after the IP Start address.

Now let’s look at Option 1 in menu 15.1. Enter 1 to bring up this menu. We’ll just look at the differences from the previous menu. Note that, this screen is not read only, so we have extra Action and Select Rule fields. Note also that the [?] in the Set Name field means that this is a required field and you must enter a name for the set.

If the Set Name field is left blank, the entire set will be deleted.

NAT 6-9

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules

Set Name= NAT_SET

Idx Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Type

--- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ------

1. 2

10.

Action= Edit Select Rule=

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 6-8 Menu 15.1.1 — First Set

The Type, Local and Global Start/End IPs are configured in menu 15.1.1.1 (described

later) and the values are displayed here.

Ordering Your Rules

Ordering your rules is important because the ZyWALL applies the rules in the order that you specify. When a rule matches the current packet, the ZyWALL takes the corresponding action and the remaining rules are ignored. If t here are an y empty rules before your new confi gured rule, your configured rule will be pushed up by that number of empty rules. For example, if you have already configured rules 1 to 6 in your current set and now you configure rule number 9. In the set summary screen, the new rule will be rule 7, not 9. Now if you delete rule 4, rules 5 to 7 will be pushed up by 1 rule, so as old rule 5 becomes rule 4, old rule 6 becomes rule 5 and old rule 7 becomes rule 6. The description of the other fields is as described above. The Type, Local and Global Start/End IPs are configured in menu 15.1.1.1 (described later) and the values are displayed here.

6-10 NAT

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Table 6-5 Fields in Menu 15.1.1

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

Set Name Enter a name for this set of rules. This is a required

NAT_SET field. Please note that if this field is left blank, the entire set will be deleted.

Action

There are four actions. The default is Edit. Edit means

Edit

you want to edit a selected rule (see following field). Insert Before means to insert a rule before the rule selected. The rules after the selected rule will then be moved down by one rule. Delete means to delete the selected rule and then all the rules after the selected one will be advanced one rule. None disables the Select Rule item.

Select Rule

When you choose Edit, Insert Before or Delete in the

1 previous field the cursor jumps to this field to allow you to select the rule to apply the action in question.

You must press [ENTER] at the bottom of the screen to save the whole set. You must

do this again if you make any changes to the set – including deleting a rule. No

Be careful when ordering your rules as each rule is executed in turn beginning from

changes to the set ta ke plac e until t his act i on is tak e n.

rule 1.

Selecting Edit in the Action field and then selecting a rule brings up the following menu, Menu 15.1.1.1 Address Mapping Rule in wh ich you can e dit an individual rule and configure the Type, Local and Global Start/End IPs.

Menu 15.1.1.1 Address Mapping Rule

Type= One-to-One

Local IP: Start=

End = N/A

Global IP: Start= End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Press Space Bar to Toggle.

Figure 6-9 Menu 15.1.1.1 — Editing an Individual Rule in a Set

NAT 6-11

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

Table 6-6 Menu 15.1.1.1 — Configuring an Individual Rule

FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

Type Press the [SPACE BAR] to toggle through a

total of five types. These are the mapping types discussed above (see Table 6-2). Type Server allows you to specify multiple servers of different types behind NAT to this machine. See section 6.4.3 below shown next for some examples.

Local IP

Start This is the starting local IP address (ILA). 0.0.0.0 End This is the ending local IP address (ILA). If

Global IP Start This is the starting global IP address (IGA).

End This is the ending global IP address (IGA).

Only local IP fields are N/A for server; Global IP fields MUST be set for Server.

the rule is for all local IPs, then put the Start IP as 0.0.0.0 and the End IP as

255.255.255.255. This field is N/A for Oneto-One and Server types.

If you have a dynamic IP, enter 0.0.0.0 as the Global IP Start. Note that Global IP Start can be set to 0.0.0.0 only if the types are Many-to-One or Server.

This field is N/A for One-to-One, Many-to-

One and Server types.

One-to-One

255.255.255.255

0.0.0.0

172.16.23.55

Once you have finished configuring a rule in this menu, press [ENTER] at the message “Press ENTER to Confirm…” to save your configuration, or press [ESC] to cancel.

For all Local and Global IPs, the End IP address must begin after the IP Start address,

i.e., you cannot have an End IP address beginning before the Start IP address.

6.3 NAT Server Sets

A NAT server set is a list of inside servers (behind NAT on the LAN) that you can make visible to the outside world. Menu 15.2 — NAT Server Sets is used to configure these servers. Entry 12 set to port 1026 is displayed in Figure 6-11 and is non-editable.

6-12 NAT

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

6.3.1 Multiple Servers behind NAT

If you wish, you can make inside servers for different services, e.g., web or FTP, visible to the outside users, even though NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a single machine to the outside world. A service is identified by the port number, e.g., web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. As an example (see the following figure), if you have a web server at 192.168.1.36 and an FTP server at

192.168.1.33, then you need to specify for port 80 (web) the server at IP address 192.168.1.36 and for port 21 (FTP) another at IP address 192.168.1.33. Please note that a server can support more than one service, e.g., a server can provide both FTP and DNS service, while another provides only web service. In addition to the servers for specified services, SUA supports a default server. A service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default is not defined, the service request is simply discarded. To make a server visible to the outside world, specify the port number of the service and the insice IP address of the Server in Menu 15 SUA Server Setup.

Figure 6-10 Multiple Servers Behind NAT

6.3.2 Configuring a Server behind NAT

Follow the steps below to configure a server behind NAT:

Step 1. Enter 15 in the main menu to go to Menu 15 - NAT Setup. Step 2. Enter 2 to go to Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup. Step 3. Enter the service port number in the Port # field and the inside IP address of the server in the IP

Address field.

NAT 6-13

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Step 4. Press [ENTER] at the “Press ENTER to confirm …” prompt to save your configuration after

you define all the servers or press [ESC] at any time to cancel.

If you’re using Ethernet Encapsulation the SMT does not allow you to change the port

1026 entry.

The most often used port numbers are shown in the following table. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers. Please also refer to our included disk for more examples and details on NAT.

Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup

Port #

--- 1

Default

2.21 192.168.1.33

3.23 192.168.1.34

4.25 192.168.1.35

5.80 192.168.1.36

6. 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0.0.0.0

12. 1026 RR Reserved

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

IP Address

---------------

0.0.0.0

Figure 6-11 Menu 15.2 — NAT Server Setup

Table 6-7 Services & Port numbers

SERVICES PORT NUMBER

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 21 Telnet 23 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 25 DNS(Domain Name System) 53 HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer protocol or WWW, Web) 80 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) 1723

6-14 NAT

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

6.4 Examples

6.4.1 Internet Access Only

In the following Internet access example, you only need one rule where all your ILAs (Inside Local addresses) map to one dynamic IGA (Inside Global Address) assigned by your ISP.

Figure 6-12 NAT Example 1

Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup

ISP's Name= ChangeMe Encapsulation= Ethernet Service Type= Standard My Login= N/A My Password= N/A Login Server IP= N/A

IP Address Assignment= Dynamic IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A Gateway IP Address= N/A Network Address Translation= SUA Only

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 6-13 Menu 4 — Internet Access & NAT Example

From menu 4 shown above, simply choose the SUA Only option from the Network Address Translation field. This is the Many-to-One mapping discussed in section 6.1.4. The SUA Only read only option from

NAT 6-15

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

the Network Address Translation field in menus 4 and 11.3 is specifically pre-configured to handle this case.

6.4.2 Example 2: Internet Access with an Inside Server

Figure 6-14 NAT Example 2

In this case, you do exactly as above (use the convenient pre-configured SUA Only set) and also go to menu 15.2 to specify the Inside Server behind the NAT as shown in the next figure.

Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup

Port #

--- 1

2. 0 0.0.0.0

3. 0 0.0.0.0

4. 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0.0.0.0

12. 1026 RR Reserved

Default

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

IP Address

---------------

192.168.1.10

Figure 6-15 Menu 15.2 — Specifying an Inside Server

6-16 NAT

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

6.4.3 Example 3: General Case

In this example, there are 3 IGAs from our ISP. There are many departments but two have their own FTP server. All departments share the same router. The example will reserve one IGA for each department with an FTP server and the other IGA is used by all. Now you map the FTP servers to the first two IGAs and the other LAN traffic to the remaining IGA. Map the third IGA to an inside web server and mail server. Four rules need to be configured, two bi-directional and two one directional as follows. Rule 1. Map the first IGA to the first inside FTP server for FTP traffic in both directions (1 : 1

mapping, giving both local and global IP addresses).

Rule 2. Map the second IGA to our second inside FTP server for FTP traffic in both directions (1 : 1

mapping, giving both local and global IP addresses).

Rule 3. Map the other outgoing LAN traffic to IGA3 (Many : 1 mapping). Rule 4. You also map your third IGA to the web server and mail server on the LAN. Type Server

allows you to specify multiple servers, of different types, to other machines behind NAT on the LAN.

The example situation looks somewhat like this:

Figure 6-16 NAT Example 3

Step 1. In this case you need to configure Address Mapping Set 1 from Menu 15.1 - Address Mapping

Sets. Therefore you must choose the Full Feature option from the Network Address Translation field (in menu 4 or menu 11.3) in Figure 6-17.

Step 2. Then enter 15 from the main menu.

NAT 6-17

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Step 3. Enter 1 to configure the Address Mapping Sets. Step 4. Enter 1 to begin configuring this new set. Enter a Set Name, choose the Edit Action and then

enter 1 for the Select Rule field. Press [ENTER] to confirm.

Step 5. Select Type as One-to-One (direct mapping for packets going both ways), and enter the local

Start IP as 192.168.1.10 (the IP address of FTP Server 1), the global Start IP as 10.132.50.1

(our first IGA). (See Figure 6-18)

Step 6. Repeat the previous step for rules 2 to 4 as outlined above. Step 7. When finished, menu 15.1.1 should look like as shown in Figure 6-19.

Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options

IP Address Assignment= Dynamic IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A Gateway IP Addr= N/A

Network Address Translation= Full Feature Metric= N/A Private= N/A RIP Direction= None Version= N/A

Figure 6-17 Example 3: Menu 11.3

The following figure shows how to configure the first rule.

Menu 15.1.1.1 Address Mapping Rule

Type= One-to-One

Local IP: Start= 192.168.1.10

End = N/A

Global IP: Start= 10.132.50.1 End = N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Press Space Bar to Toggle.

Figure 6-18 Example 3: Menu 15.1.1.1

6-18 NAT

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

When you have configured all four rules, Menu 15.1.1 should look as follows.

Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules

Set Name= Example3

Idx Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Type

--- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ------

1. 192.168.1.10 10.132.50.1 1-1 2 192.168.1.11 10.132.50.2 1-1

3. 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 10.132.50.3 M-1

4. 10.132.50.3 Server

10.

Action= Edit Select Rule=

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 6-19 Example 3: Final Menu 15.1.1

Now configure the IGA3 to map to our web server and mail server on the LAN.

Step 8. Enter 15 from the main menu. Step 9. Now enter 2 from this menu and configure it as shown in Figure 6-20.

Port #

----- 1

2. 80 192.168.1.21

3. 25 192.168.1.20

4. 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0.0.0.0

12. 1025 RR Reserved

Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup

Default

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

IP Address

---------------

0.0.0.0

Figure 6-20 Example 3: Menu 15.2

NAT 6-19

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

6.4.4 Example 4: NAT Unfriendly Application Programs

Some applications do not support NAT Mapping using TCP or UDP port address translation. In this case it is better to use Many-to-Many No Overload mapping as port numbers do not change for Many-to-

Many No Overload (and One-to-One) NAT mapping types. The following figure illustrates this.

Figure 6-21 NAT Example 4

Other applications, e.g., gaming programs are NAT unfriendly because they embed

addressing informati on in the da ta stre am. The se applications still won’t work

through NAT even when using One-to-One and Many-to-Many No Overload mapping

Follow the steps outlined in example 3 above to configure these two menus as follows.

types.

6-20 NAT

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Menu 15.1.1.1 Address Mapping Rule

Type= Many-to-Many No Overload

Local IP: Start= 192.168.1.10 End = 192.168.1.12

Global IP: Start= 10.132.50.1 End = 10.132.50.3

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 6-22 Example 4: Menu 15.1.1.1 — Address Mapping Rule

After you’ve configure d your rule, you should be able to check the settings in menu 15.1.1 as shown next.

Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules

Set Name= Example4

Idx Local Start IP Local End IP Global Start IP Global End IP Type

--- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ------

1. 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.12 10.132.50.1 10.132.50.3 M-M No Ov

10.

Action= Edit Select Rule=

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 6-23 Example 4: Menu 15.1.1 — Address Mapping Rules

NAT 6-21

Advanced Management

Part III:

Advanced Management

Chapters 7 — 12 provides information on ZyWALL Filtering, SNMP Configuration, System

Information and Diagnosis, Transferring Files, System Maintenance and Telnet.

III

ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Chapter 7

Filter Configuration

This chapter shows you how to create and apply filters.

7.1 About Filtering

Your ZyWALL uses filters to decide whether to allow passage of a data packet and/or to make a call. There are two types of filter applications: data filtering and call filtering. Filters are subdivided into device and protocol filters, which are discussed later. Data filtering screens the data to determine if the packet should be allowed to pass. Data filters are divided into incoming and outgoing filters, depending on the direction of the packet relative to a port. Data filtering can be applied on either the WAN side or the LAN side. Call filtering is used to determine if a packet should be allowed to trigger a call. Remote node call filtering is only applicable when using PPPoE encapsulation. Outgoing packets must undergo data filtering before they encounter call filtering as shown in the following figure.

Call Filtering

Outgoing

Packet

Data Filtering

Match MatchMatch

Drop

packet

match

Call Filters

Drop packet if line not up

Built-in default

match

Or Or

Send packet

but do not reset

Idle Timer

User-defined

Call Filters

(if applicable)

Drop packet if line not up

Send packet

but do not reset

Idle Timer

match

Active Data

Initiate call

if line not up

Send packet

and reset

Idle Timer

Figure 7-1 Outgoing Packet Filtering Process

For incoming packets, your ZyWALL applies data filters only. Packets are processed d e pending upon whether a match is found. The following sections describe how to configure filter sets.

Filters 7-1

ZyXEL Communications ZYWALL10 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Copyright

Information for Canadian Users

ZyXEL Limited Warranty

Customer Support

Table of Contents

xxii List of Figures

List of Tables xxv

Preface

Getting to Know Your ZyWALL

1.1 The ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

1.2 Features of The ZyWALL 10

1.3 Applications for ZyWALL 10

Hardware Installation & Initial Setup

2.1 Front Panel LEDs and Back Panel Ports

2.2 ZyWALL 10 Rear Panel and Connections

2.4 Turn On Your ZyWALL

2.5 Navigating the SMT Interface

2.6 Changing the System Password

Internet Access

3.1 TCP/IP and DHCP for LAN

3.2 TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup

3.4 Basic Setup Complete

Remote Node Setup

4.1 Remote Node Profile

4.2 Editing TCP/IP Options (with Ethernet Encapsulati on)

4.3 Remote Node Filter

IP Static Route Setup

5.1 IP Static Route Setup

Network Address Translation (NAT)

6.3 NAT Server Sets

Filter Configuration