ZyXEL Communications P-660 User Manual

P-660 series

Support Notes

(For P-660R-T1/T3/T7)

Version3.40

Nov. 2005

P-660 Series Support Notes

INDEX

ZyNOS FAQ .............................................................................................................3

1. What is ZyNOS?................................................................................................3

2. How do I access the Prestige SMT menu?.........................................................3

3. What is the default console port baud rate? Moreover, how do I change it? ....3

4. How do I update the firmware and configuration file?......................................3

5. How do I upload the ZyNOS firmware code via console?................................3

6. How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using TFTP client program

via LAN?................................................................................................................4

7. How do I upload ROMFILE via console port?..................................................4

8. How do I restore SMT configurations by using TFTP client program via LAN?

................................................................................................................................4

9. What should I do if I forget the system password?............................................4

10. How to use the Reset button?...........................................................................5

11.What is SUA? When should I use SUA?..........................................................5

12. What is the difference between SUA and Multi-NAT?...................................5

13. Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside Internet?

If possible, how?....................................................................................................6

14. When do I need Multi-NAT?...........................................................................6

15. What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support?...........................................6

16. How many network users can the SUA/NAT support?...................................7

17. What are Device filters and Protocol filters?...................................................7

18. Why can't I configure device filters or protocol filters?..................................8

19. How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?...............................................8

General FAQ............................................................................................................9

1. How can I manage P-

660?.................................................................................9

2. What is the default user name and password to loging web configurator? .......9

3. How do I know the P-

660's WAN IP address assigned by the ISP? .................9

4. What is the micro filter or splitter used for?......................................................9

5. The P-

660 supports Bridge and Router mode, what's the difference between

them ?.....................................................................................................................9

6. How do I know I am using PPPoE?.................................................................10

7. Why does my provider use PPPoE?.................................................................10

8. What is DDNS?................................................................................................10

9. When do I need DDNS service?...................................................................... 10

10. What is DDNS wildcard? Does the P-

11. Can the P-

12. How do I setup my P-

660's SUA handle IPSec packets sent by the IPSec gateway?......11

660 for routing IPSec packets over SUA?..................11

660 support DDNS wildcard?...........11

13. What is Traffic Shaping?...............................................................................11

14. What do the parameters (PCR, SCR, MBS) mean?.......................................12

15.Why do we perform traffic shaping in the P-

660 ?.........................................12

ADSL FAQ .............................................................................................................13

1. How does ADSL compare to Cable modems? ................................................13

2. What is the expected throughput?....................................................................13

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P-660 Series Support Notes

3. What is the micro filter used for? ....................................................................13

4. How do I know the ADSL line is up?..............................................................13

5. How does the P-

660 work on a noisy ADSL?.................................................13

6. Does the VC-based multiplexing perform better than the LLC-based

multiplexing? .......................................................................................................14

7. How do I know the details of my ADSL line statistics?..................................14

8.What are the possible reasons when the ADSL link is down? .........................14

9.What are the signaling pins of the ADSL connector?.......................................14

General Application Notes....................................................................................15

1. Internet Access Using P-

2. Internet Access Using P-

660 under Bridge mode............................................15

660 under Router mode............................................18

3. Setup the P-660 as a DHCP Relay...................................................................21

4. SUA Notes.......................................................................................................22

5. Using Multi-NAT.............................................................................................31

6. About Filter & Filter Examples .......................................................................50

7. Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS)...................................................................70

8. Network Management Using SNMP...............................................................72

9. Using syslog.....................................................................................................78

10. Using IP Alias................................................................................................82

11. Using IP Policy Routing ................................................................................84

12. Using Call Scheduling ...................................................................................89

13. Using IP Multicast .........................................................................................92

14. Using Zero-Configuration..............................................................................94

Support Tool...........................................................................................................99

1. LAN/WAN Packet Trace.................................................................................99

Online Trace.........................................................................................99

Offline Trace......................................................................................104

2. Firmware/Configurations Uploading and Downloading using TFTP ...........105

Using TFTP client software...............................................................105

Using TFTP command on Windows NT...........................................106

Using TFTP command on UNIX.......................................................107

3. Using FTP to Upload the Firmware and Configuration Files........................108

Using FTP command in terminal.......................................................108

Using FTP client software .................................................................109

CI Command Reference......................................................................................112

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P-660 Series Support Notes

ZyNOS FAQ

1. What is ZyNOS?

ZyNOS is ZyXEL's proprietary Network Operating System. It is the platform on all Prestige routers that delivers network services and applications. It is designed in a modular fashion so it is easy for developers to add new features. New ZyNOS software upgrades can be easily downloaded from our FTP sites as they become available.

2. How do I access the Prestige SMT menu?

The SMT interface is a menu driven interface, which can be accessed via a RS232 console or a Telnet connection. To access the Prestige via SMT console port, a computer equipped with communication software such as HyperTerminal must be configured with the following parameters.

• VT100 terminal emulation

• 9600bps baud rate

• N81 data format (No Parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit)

The default console port baud rate is 9600bps, you can change it to 115200bps in Menu 24.2.2 to speed up the SMT access.

3. What is the default console port baud rate? Moreover, how do I change it?

The default console port baud rate is 9600bps. When configuring the SMT, please make sure the terminal baud rate is also 9600bps. You can change the console baud rate from 9600bps to 115200bps in SMT menu 24.2.2.

4. How do I update the firmware and configuration file

?

You can upload the firmware and configuration file to Prestige using console port, FTP or TFTP client software. You CAN NOT upload the firmware and configuration file via Telnet because the Telnet connection will be dropped during uploading the firmware. Please do not power off the router right after the FTP or TFTP uploading is finished, the router will upload the firmware to its flash at this moment.

5. How do I upload the ZyNOS firmware code via console?

The procedure for uploading ZyNOS via console is as follows.

a. Enter debug mode when powering on the Prestige using a terminal emulator b. Enter 'ATUR' to start the uploading

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P-660 Series Support Notes

c. Use X-modem protocol to transfer the ZyNOS code d. Enter 'ATGO' to restart the Prestige

6. How do I upgrade/backup the ZyNOS firmware by using TFTP client program via LAN?

The Prestige allows you to transfer the firmware to Prestige by using TFTP program via LAN. The procedure for uploading ZyNOS via TFTP is as follows.

a. Use the TELNET client program in your PC to login to your Prestige. b. Enter CI command 'sys stdio 0' in menu 24.8 to disable console idle timeout c. To upgrade firmware, use TFTP client program to put firmware in file 'ras' in

the Prestige. After data transfer is finished, the Prestige will program the upgraded firmware into FLASH ROM and reboot itself.

d. To backup your firmware, use the TFTP client program to get file 'ras' from

the Prestige.

7. How do I upload ROMFILE via console port?

In some situations, you may need to upload the ROMFILE, such as losing the system password, or the need of resetting SMT to factory default.

The procedure for uploading ROMFILE via the console port is as follows.

a. Enter debug mode when powering on the Prestige using a terminal emulator b. Enter 'ATLC' to start the uploading c. Use X-modem protocol to transfer ROMFILE d. Enter 'ATGO' to restart the Prestige

8. How do I restore SMT configurations by using TFTP client program via LAN?

a. Use the TELNET client program in your PC to login to your Prestige. b. Enter CI command 'sys stdio 0' in menu 24.8 to disable console idle timeout. c. To backup the SMT configurations, use TFTP client program to get file

'rom-0' from the Prestige.

d. To restore the SMT configurations, use the TFTP client program to put your

configuration in file rom-0 in the Prestige.

9. What should I do if I forget the system password?

In case you forget the system password, you can erase the current configuration and restore factory defaults in three way.

a. Use the Web Configurator.

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P-660 Series Support Notes

b. Use the RESET button on the rear panel of P-660 to reset the router. After

the router is reset, the LAN IP address and the SMT password will be reset to '192.168.1.1' and '1234'. So now you can reach the router through console port or telnet again.

c. Upload the default ROMFILE via console port to reset the SMT to factory

default. After uploading ROMFILE, the default system password is '1234'.

10. How to use the Reset button?

a. Turn your Prestige off and then on. Make sure the SYS led is on (not blinking) b. Press the RESET button for five seconds and then release it. If the SYS LED

begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the Prestige restarts.

11.What is SUA? When should I use SUA?

SUA (Single User Account) is a unique feature supported by Prestige router which allows multiple people to access Internet concurrently for the cost of a single user account.

When Prestige acting as SUA receives a packet from a local client destined for the outside Internet, it replaces the source address in the IP packet header with its own address and the source port in the TCP or UDP header with another value chosen out of a local pool. It then recomputes the appropriate header checksums and forwards the packet to the Internet as if it is originated from Prestige using the IP address assigned by ISP. When reply packets from the external Internet are received by Prestige, the original IP source address and TCP/UDP source port numbers are written into the destination fields of the packet (since it is now moving in the opposite direction), the checksums are recomputed, and the packet is delivered to its true destination. This is because SUA keeps a table of the IP addresses and port numbers of the local systems currently using it.

12. What is the difference between SUA and Multi-NAT?

SUA (Single User Account) in previous ZyNOS versions is a NAT set with 2 rules, Many-to-One and Server. The P-660 now has Full Feature NAT support to map global IP addresses to local IP addresses of clients or servers. With multiple global IP addresses, multiple severs of the same type (e.g., FTP servers) are allowed on the LAN for outside access. In previous ZyNOS versions that supported SUA 'visible' servers had to be of different types. The P-660 supports NAT sets on a remote node basis. They are reusable, but only one set is allowed for each remote node. The P-660 supports 8 sets since there are 8 remote node. The default SUA (Read Only) Set in menu 15.1.255 is a convenient, pre-configured, read only, Many-to-One mapping set, sufficient for most purposes and helpful to people already familiar with SUA in previous ZyNOS versions.

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P-660 Series Support Notes

13. Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside Internet? If possible, how?

Yes, it is possible because P-660 delivers the packet to the local server by looking up to a SUA server table. Therefore, to make a local server accessible to the outside users, the port number and the inside IP address of the server must be configured in Menu

15.2.1 - NAT Server Setup.

14. When do I need Multi-NAT

• Make local server accessible from outside Internet

?

When NAT is enabled the local computers are not accessible from outside. You can use Multi-NAT to make an internal server accessible from outside.

• Support Non-NAT Friendly Applications

Some servers providing Internet applications such as some mIRC servers do not allow users to login using the same IP address. Thus, users on the same network can not login to the same server simultaneously. In this case it is better to use Many-to-Many No Overload or One-to-One NAT mapping types, thus each user login to the server using a unique global IP address.

15. What IP/Port mapping does Multi-NAT support

?

NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are: One to One, Many to One, Many to Many Overload, Many to Many No Overload and Server. The details of the mapping between ILA and IGA are described as below. Here we define the local IP addresses as the Internal Local Addresses (ILA) and the global IP addresses as the Inside Global Address (IGA),

1. One to One

In One-to-One mode, the P-660 maps one ILA to one IGA.

2. Many to One

In Many-to-One mode, the P-660 maps multiple ILA to one IGA. This is equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), ZyXEL's Single User Account feature that previous ZyNOS routers supported (the SUA only option in today's routers).

3. Many to Many Overload

In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the P-660 maps the multiple ILA to shared IGA.

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P-660 Series Support Notes

4. Many One-to-One

In Many One-to-One mode, the P-660 maps each ILA to unique IGA.

5. Server

In Server mode, the P-660 maps multiple inside servers to one global IP address. This allows us to specify multiple servers of different types behind the NAT for outside access. Note, if you want to map each server to one unique IGA please use the One-to-One mode.

The following table summarizes these types.

NAT Type IP Mapping One-to-One ILA1<--->IGA1

Many-to-One (SUA/PAT)

ILA1<--->IGA1 ILA2<--->IGA1 ...

ILA1<--->IGA1

Many-to-Many Overload

ILA2<--->IGA2 ILA3<--->IGA1 ILA4<--->IGA2 ...

ILA1<--->IGA1

Many

ILA2<--->IGA2 ILA3<--->IGA3

One-to-One

ILA4<--->IGA4 ...

Server

Server 1 IP<--->IGA1 Server 2 IP<--->IGA1

16. How many network users can the SUA/NAT support?

The Prestige does not limit the number of the users but the number of the sessions. The P-660 supports 1024 sessions that you can use the

'ip nat iface wanif0 st'

command in menu 24.8 to view the current active sessions.

17. What are Device filters and Protocol filters?

In ZyNOS, the filters have been separated into two groups. One group is called 'device filter group', and the other is called 'protocol filter group'. Generic filters belong to the 'device filter group', TCP/IP and IPX filters belong to the 'protocol filter group'.

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P-660 Series Support Notes

18. Why can't I configure device filters or protocol filters?

In ZyNOS, you can not mix different filter groups in the same filter set.

19. How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks?

The Prestige's filter sets provide a means to protect against IP spoofing attacks. The basic scheme is as follows:

For the input data filter:

• Deny packets from the outside that claim to be from the inside

• Allow everything that is not spoofing us

Filter rule setup:

• Filter type =TCP/IP Filter Rule

• Active =Yes

• Source IP Addr =a.b.c.d

• Source IP Mask =w.x.y.z

• Action Matched =Drop

• Action Not Matched =Forward

Where a.b.c.d is an IP address on your local network and w.x.y.z is your netmask:

For the output data filters:

• Deny bounceback packet

• Allow packets that originate from us

Filter rule setup:

• Filter Type =TCP/IP Filter Rule

• Active =Yes

• Destination IP Addr =a.b.c.d

• Destination IP Mask =w.x.y.z

• Action Matched =Drop

• Action No Matched =Forward

Where a.b.c.d is an IP address on your local network and w.x.y.z is your netmask.

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P-660 Series Support Notes

General FAQ

1. How can I manage P-660?

 Menu driven user interface for easy network management Local and remote

console management

 Web configurator  Telnet remote management  TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) and FTP firmware upgrade and

configuration backup and restore

2. What is the default user name and password to loging web configurator?

The default user name is 'admin' and password is '1234'. You can change the password when login to web configurator in the Advanced Setup->Password menu.

Please record your new password whenever you change it. The system will lock you out if you have forgotten your password.

3. How do I know the P-660's WAN IP address assigned by the ISP?

You can view "My WAN IP <from ISP> : 200.1.1.1" shown in menu 24.1 to check this IP address.

4. What is the micro filter or splitter used for

?

Generally, the voice band uses the lower frequency ranging from 0 to 4KHz, while ADSL data transmission uses the higher frequency. The micro filter acts as a low-pass filter for your telephone set to ensure that ADSL transmissions do not interfere with your voice transmissions. For the details about how to connect the micro filter please refer to the user's manual.

5. The P-660 supports Bridge and Router mode, what's the difference between them ?

When the ISP limits some specific computers to access Internet, that means only the traffic to/from these computers will be forwarded and the other will be filtered. In this case, we use bridge mode which works as an ADSL modem to connect to the ISP. The ISP will generally give one Internet account and limit only one computer to access the Internet.

For most Internet users having multiple computers want to share an Internet account for Internet access, they have to add another Internet sharing device, like a router. In

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P-660 Series Support Notes

this case, we use the router mode which works as a general Router plus an ADSL Modem.

6. How do I know I am using PPPoE?

PPPoE requires a user account to login to the provider's server. If you need to configure a user name and password on your computer to connect to the ISP you are probably using PPPoE. If you are simply connected to the Internet when you turn on your computer, you probably are not. You can also check your ISP or the information sheet given by the ISP. Please choose PPPoE as the encapsulation type in the P-660 if the ISP uses PPPoE.

7. Why does my provider use PPPoE?

PPPoE emulates a familiar Dial-Up connection. It allows your ISP to provide services using their existing network configuration over the broadband connections. Besides, PPPoE supports a broad range of existing applications and service including authentication, accounting, secure access and configuration management.

8. What is DDNS?

The Dynamic DNS service allows you to alias a dynamic IP address to a static hostname, allowing your computer to be more easily accessed from various locations on the Internet. To use the service, you must first apply an account from several free Web servers such as http://www.dyndns.org/.

Without DDNS, we always tell the users to use the WAN IP of the P-660 to reach our internal server. It is inconvenient for the users if this IP is dynamic. With DDNS supported by the P-660, you apply a DNS name (e.g., www.zyxel.com.tw) for your server (e.g., Web server) from a DDNS server. The outside users can always access the web server using the www.zyxel.com.tw regardless of the WAN IP of the P-660.

When the ISP assigns the P-660 a new IP, the P-660 updates this IP to DDNS server so that the server can update its IP-to-DNS entry. Once the IP-to-DNS table in the DDNS server is updated, the DNS name for your web server (i.e., www.zyxel.com.tw) is still usable.

9. When do I need DDNS service?

When you want your internal server to be accessed by using DNS name rather than using the dynamic IP address we can use the DDNS service. The DDNS server allows to alias a dynamic IP address to a static hostname. Whenever the ISP assigns you a new IP, the P-660 sends this IP to the DDNS server for its updates.

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P-660 Series Support Notes

10. What is DDNS wildcard? Does the P-660 support DDNS wildcard?

Some DDNS servers support the wildcard feature which allows the hostname, *.yourhost.dyndns.org, to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful when there are multiple servers inside and you want users to be able to use things such as www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname.

Yes, the P-660 supports DDNS wildcard that http://www.dyndns.org/ supports. When using wildcard, you simply enter yourhost.dyndns.org in the Host field in Menu 1.1 Configure Dynamic DNS.

11. Can the P-660's SUA handle IPSec packets sent by the IPSec gateway?

Yes, the P-660's SUA can handle IPSec ESP Tunneling mode. We know when packets go through SUA, SUA will change the source IP address and source port for the host. To pass IPSec packets, SUA must understand the ESP packet with protocol number 50, replace the source IP address of the IPSec gateway to the router's WAN IP address. However, SUA should not change the source port of the UDP packets which are used for key managements. Because the remote gateway checks this source port during connections, the port thus is not allowed to be changed.

12. How do I setup my P-660 for routing IPSec packets over SUA?

For outgoing IPSec tunnels, no extra setting is required.

For forwarding the inbound IPSec ESP tunnel, A 'Default' server set in menu 15.2.1 is required. It is because SUA makes your LAN appear as a single machine to the outside world. LAN users are invisible to outside users. So, to make an internal server for outside access, we must specify the service port and the LAN IP of this server in Menu 15. Thus SUA is able to forward the incoming packets to the requested service behind SUA and the outside users access the server using the P-660's WAN IP address. So, we have to configure the internal IPsec as a default server (unspecified service port) in menu 15.2.1 when it acts a server gateway.

13. What is Traffic Shaping?

Traffic Shaping is a feature in the P-660. It allocates the bandwidth to WAN dynamically and aims at boosting the efficiency of the bandwidth. If there are serveral VCs in the P-660 but only one VC activated at one time, the P-660 allocates all the Bandwidth to the VC and the VC gets full bandwidth. If another VCs are avtivated later, the bandwidth is yield to other VCs after ward.

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P-660 Series Support Notes

14. What do the parameters (PCR, SCR, MBS) mean?

Traffic shaping parameters (PCR, SCR, MBS) can be set in Menu 4 and Menu 11.6 and is valid for both incoming and outgoing direction since G.shdsl is symmetric. Peak Cell Rate(PCR): The maximum bandwidth allocated to this connection. The VC connection throughput is limited by PCR. Sustainable Cell Rate(SCR): The least guaranteed bandwidth of a VC. When there are multi-VCs on the same line, the VC throughput is guaranteed by SCR. Maximum Burst Size(MBS): The amount of cells transmitted through this VC at the Peak Cell Rate before yielding to other VCs. Total bandwidth of the line is dedicated to single VC if there is only one VC on the line. However, as the other VC asking the bandwidth, the MBS defines the maximum number of cells transmitted via this VC with Peak Cell rate before yielding to other VCs.

The P-660 holds the parameters for shaping the traffic among its virtual channels. If you do not need traffic shaping, please set SCR = 0, MBS = 0 and PCR as the maximum value according to the line rate (for example, 2.3 Mbps line rate will result PCR as 5424 cell/sec.)

15.Why do we perform traffic shaping in the P-

660 ?

The P-660 must manage traffic fairly and provide bandwidth allocation for different sorts of applications, such as voice, video, and data. All applications have their own natural bit rate. Large data transactions have a fluctuating natural bit rate. The P-660 is able to support variable traffic among different virtual connections. Certain traffic may be discarded if the virtual connection experiences congestion. Traffic shaping defines a set of actions taken by the P-660 to avoid congestion; traffic shaping takes measures to adapt to unpredictable fluctuations in traffic flows and other problems among virtual connections.

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P-660 Series Support Notes

ADSL FAQ

1. How does ADSL compare to Cable modems?

ADSL provides a dedicated service over a single telephone line; cable modems offer a dedicated service over a shared media. While cable modems have greater downstream bandwidth capabilities (up to 30 Mbps), that bandwidth is shared among all users on a line, and will therefore vary, perhaps dramatically, as more users in a neighborhood get online at the same time. Cable modem upstream traffic will in m any cases be slower than ADSL, either because the particular cable modem is inherently slower, or because of rate reductions caused by contention for upstream bandwidth slots. The big difference between ADSL and cable modems, however, is the number of lines available to each. There are no more than 12 million homes passed today that can support two-way cable modem transmissions, and while the figure also grows steadily, it will not catch up with telephone lines for many years. Additionally, many of the older cable networks are not capable of offering a return channel; consequently, such networks will need significant upgrading before they can offer high bandwidth services.

2. What is the expected throughput?

In our test, we can get about 1.6Mbps data rate on 15Kft using the 26AWG loop. The shorter the loop, the better the throughput. Besides, please do not stay in menu 24.1 it will slow down the throughput.

3. What is the micro filter used for?

Generally, the voice band uses the lower frequency ranging from 0 to 4KHz, while ADSL data transmission uses the higher frequency. The micro filter acts as a low-pass filter for your telephone set to ensure that ADSL transmissions do not interfere with your voice transmissions. For the details about how to connect the micro filter please refer to the user's manual.

4. How do I know the ADSL line is up?

You can see the DSL LED on the P-660's front panel is on when the ADSL physical layer is up.

5. How does the P-

660 work on a noisy ADSL?

Depending on the line quality, the P-660 uses "Fall Back" and "Fall Forward" to automatically adjust the date rate.

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P-660 Series Support Notes

6. Does the VC-based multiplexing perform better than the LLC-based multiplexing?

Though the LLC-based multiplexing can carry multiple protocols over a single VC, it requires extra header information to identify the protocol being carried on the virtual circuit (VC). The VC-based multiplexing needs a separate VC for carrying each protocol but it does not need the extra headers. Therefore, the VC-based multiplexing is more efficient.

7. How do I know the details of my ADSL line statistics?

You can use the following CI commands to check the ADSL line statistics.

CI> wan adsl perfdata CI> wan adsl status CI> sys log disp CI> wan adsl linedata far CI> wan adsl linedata near

8.What are the possible reasons when the ADSL link is down?

The physical ADSL line may not be up if:

(1) The DSLAM is not Alcatel. (2) If it is Alcatel, the firmware version should be above 3.1.

9.What are the signaling pins of the ADSL connector?

The signaling pins on the P-660's ADSL connector are pin 3 and pin 4. The middle two pins for a RJ11 cable.

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P-660 Series Support Notes

General Application Notes

1. Internet Access Using P-660 under Bridge mode

• Setup your workstation

• Setup your P-660 under bridge mode

If the ISP limits some specific computers to access Internet, that means only the traffic to/from these computers will be forwarded and the other will be filtered. In this case, we use P-660 which works as an ADSL bridge modem to connect to the ISP. The ISP will generally give one Internet account and limit only one computer to access the Internet. See the figure below for this setup.

Set up your workstation

1. Ethernet connection

To connect your computer to the P-660's LAN port, the computer must have an Ethernet adapter card installed. For connecting a single computer to the P-660, we use a cross-over Ethernet cable.

2. TCP/IP configuration

In most cases, the IP address of the computer is assigned by the ISP dynamically so you have to configure the computer as a DHCP client which obtains the IP from the ISP using DHCP protocol. The ISP may also provide the gateway, DNS via DHCP if they are available. Otherwise, please enter the static IP addresses for all that the ISP gives to you in the network TCP/IP settings. For Windows, we check the option 'Obtain an IP address automatically' in its TCP/IP setup, please see the example shown below.

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P-660 Series Support Notes

Setup your P-660 under bridge mode

The following procedure shows you how to configure your P-660 as an ADSL Modem for bridging traffic. We will use SMT menu to guide you through the related menu. You can use console or Telnet for finishing these configurations.

1. Configure P-660 as bridge mode in Menu 1 General Setup.

Menu 1 – General setup

System name=P-660 Location= Contact Person's Name= Domain Name= Edit Dynamic DNS= No Route IP= No Bridge= Yes

2. Configure a LAN IP for the P-660 and turn off DHCP Server in Menu 3.2-TCP/IP Ethernet Setup. We use 192.168.1.1 in this case.

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P-660 Series Support Notes

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup

DHCP Setup DHCP= None Client IP Pool Starting Address= N/A Size of Client IP Pool= N/A Primary DNS Server= N/A Secondary DNS Server= N/A Remote DHCP Server= N/A TCP/IP Setup: IP Address= 192.168.1.1 IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0 RIP Direction= None Version= N/A Multicast= None IP Policies= Edit IP Alias= No

3. Configure for Internet setup in Menu 11-Remote Node Profile.

Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile

Rem Node Name= Bridge Route= None Active= Yes Bridge= Yes Encapsulation= RFC 1483 Edit IP/Bridge= No Multiplexing= LLC-based Edit ATM Options= No Service Name= N/A Edit Advance Options= No Incoming: Telco Option: Rem Login= N/A Allocated Budget(min)= N/A Re m Password= N/A Period(hr)= N/A Outgoing: Schedule Sets= N/A My Login= N/A Nailed-Up Connection= N/A My Password= N/A Session Options: Authen= N/A Edit Filter Sets= No

Idle Timeout(sec)= N/A

Key Settings:

Option Description

Encapsulation

Multiplexing Select the correct Multiplexing type that your ISP supports. For example, LLC. Router/ Bridge Disable routing mode and enable bridge mode, Bridge = Yes.

Select the correct Encapsulation type that your ISP supports. For example, RFC

1483.

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P-660 Series Support Notes

4. Configure ATM setting in Menu 11.6-Remote Node ATM Layer Options. In Menu

11.1, setup "Edit ATM Options= Yes" to enter Menu 11.6 sub-Menu.

Menu 11.6 - Remote Node ATM Layer Options

VPI #= 0 VCI #= 33 ATM QoS Type= CBR Peak Cell Rate (PCR)= 0 Sustain Cell Rate (SCR)= 0 Maximum Burst Size (MBS)= 0

Key Settings:

Option Description

VPI & VCI number

Specify a VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and a VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) given to you by your ISP.

2. Internet Access Using P-660 under Router mode

For most Internet users having multiple computers want to share an Internet account for Internet access, they have to install an Internet sharing device, like a router. In this case, we use the P-660 which works as a general Router plus an ADSL Modem. See the figure below for this setup.

Set up your workstation

1. Ethernet connection

18

P-660 Series Support Notes

Connect the LAN ports of all computers and the P-660 to a HUB using a straight Ethernet cable.

2. TCP/IP configuration

Since the P-660 is set to DHCP server as default, so you need only to configure the workstations as the DHCP clients in the networking settings. In this case, the IP address of the computer is assigned by the P-660. The P-660 can also provide the DNS to the clients via DHCP if it is available. For this setup in Windows, we check the option 'Obtain an IP address automatically' in its TCP/IP setup. Please see the example shown below.

Set up your P-660

The following procedure shows you how to configure your P-660 as Router mode for routing traffic. We will use SMT menu to guide you through the related menu. You can use console or Telnet for finishing these configurations.

1. Configure P-660 as router mode in Menu 1 General Setup.

Menu 1– General Setup

System Name= P-660 Location=

19

P-660 Series Support Notes

Contact Person's Name= Domain Name= Edit Dynamic DNS= No Route IP= Yes Bridge= No

2. Configure a LAN IP for the P-660 and the DHCP settings in Menu 3.2-TCP/IP Ethernet Setup. The settings except of the DNS addresses shown below are the pre-configured defaults.

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup DHCP Setup DHCP= Server Client IP Pool Starting Address= 192.168.1.33 Size of Client IP Pool= 6 Primary DNS Server= 168.95.1.1 Secondary DNS Server= 168.95.192.1 Remote DHCP Server= N/A TCP/IP Setup: IP Address= 192.168.1.1 IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0 RIP Direction= Both Version= RIP-1 Multicast= None IP Policies= Edit IP Alias= No

3. Configure for Internet setup in Menu 4-Internet Access Setup.

Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup

ISP's Name= CHT Encapsulation= PPPoE Multiplexing= LLC-based VPI #= 0 VCI #= 33 ATM QoS Type= CBR Peak Cell Rate (PCR)= 0 Sustain Cell Rate (SCR)= 0 Maximum Burst Size (MBS)= 0 My Login= cso@hinet.net

20

P-660 Series Support Notes

My Password= ******** Idle Timeout (sec)= 0 IP Address Assignment= Dynamic IP Address= N/A Network Address Translation= SUA Only Address Mapping Set= N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Key Settings:

Option Description

Encapsulation

Multiplexing

VPI & VCI number

Single User Account

IP Address Assignment

IP Address

Select the correct Encapsulation type that your ISP supports. For example, RFC 1483.

Select the correct Multiplexing type that your ISP supports. For example, LLC.

Specify a VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and a VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) given to you by your ISP.

Set to Yes if you only have a single IP account for sharing with local computers.

Set to Dynamic if the ISP provides the IP for the P-660 dynamically. Otherwise, set to Static and enter the IP in the following IP Address field.

This field can not be configured if the ISP provides the IP for the P-660 dynamically. Otherwise, enter the IP that the ISP gives to you.

3. Setup the P-660 as a DHCP Relay

What is DHCP Relay?

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. In addition to the DHCP server feature, the P-660 supports the DHCP relay function. When it is configured as DHCP server, it assigns the IP addresses to the LAN clients. When it is configured as DHCP relay, it is responsible for forwarding the requests and responses negotiating between the DHCP clients and the server. See figure 1.

21

P-660 Series Support Notes

Setup the P-660 as a DHCP Client

1. Toggle the DHCP to Relay in menu 3.2 and enter the IP address of the DHCP server in the 'Relay Server Address' field.

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup

DHCP Setup DHCP= Relay Client IP Pool Starting Address= N/A Size of Client IP Pool= N/A Pri mary DNS Server= N/A Secondary DNS Server= N/A Relay Server Address= 192.168.1.2

TCP/IP Setup: IP Address= 192.168.1.1 IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0 RIP Direction= Both Version= RIP-1 Multicast= None IP Policies= Edit IP Alias= No Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

4. SUA Notes

Tested SUA/NAT Applications (e.g., Cu-SeeMe, ICQ, NetMeeting)

22

P-660 Series Support Notes

Introduction Generally, SUA makes your LAN appear as a single machine to the outside world. LAN users are invisible to outside users. However, some applications such as Cu-SeeMe, and ICQ will need to connect to the local user behind the P-660. In such case, a SUA server must be entered in menu 15.2.1 to forward the incoming packets to the true destination behind SUA. Generally, we do not need extra settings of menu

15.2.1 for an outgoing connection. But for some applications we need to configure the menu 15.2.1 to make the outgoing connection work. After the required menu 15.2.1 settings are completed the internal server or client applications can be accessed by using the P-660's

WAN IP address.

SUA Supporting Table The following are the required menu 15.2.1 settings for the various applications running SUA mode. ZyXEL SUA Supporting Table

1

Required Settings in Menu 15.2.1

Application

Port/IP Outgoing Connection Incoming Connection

HTTP None 80/client IP FTP None 21/client IP TELNET None 23/client IP

(and remove Telnet

filter in WAN port) POP3 None 110/client IP SMTP None 25/client IP

None for Chat.

mIRC

For DCC, please set

.

Default/Client IP

23

P-660 Series Support Notes

Windows PPTP None 1723/client IP ICQ 99a None for Chat.

Default/client IP

For DCC, please set: ICQ -> preference -> connections -> firewall and set the firewall time out to 80 seconds in firewall

setting. ICQ 2000b None for Chat None for Chat ICQ Phone 2000b None 6701/client IP Cornell 1.1 Cu-SeeMe None 7648/client IP White Pine 3.1.2 Cu-SeeMe

2

7648/client IP &

Default/client IP

24032/client IP White Pine 4.0 Cu-SeeMe 7648/client IP &

Default/client IP

24032/client IP Microsoft NetMeeting 2.1 &

3

3.01

None 1720/client IP

1503/client IP Cisco IP/TV 2.0.0 None . RealPlayer G2 None . VDOLive None . Quake1.06

QuakeII2.30

4

5

None Default/client IP

None Default/client IP QuakeIII1.05 beta None . StartCraft. 6112/client IP . Quick Time 4.0 None .

5631/client IP

pcAnywhere 8.0 None

5632/client IP

22/client IP IPsec (ESP tunneling mode) None (one client only) Default/Client Microsoft Messenger Service

3.0 Microsoft Messenger Service

4.6/ 4.7/ 5.0 (none UPnP)

6

6901/client IP 6901/client IP

None for Chat, File transfer ,Video and Voice

None for Chat, File

transfer, Video and

Voice Net2Phone None 6701/client IP Network Time Protocol (NTP) None 123 /server IP

Win2k Terminal Server None 3389/server IP Remote Anything None 3996 - 4000/client IP

24

P-660 Series Support Notes

Virtual Network Computing (VNC)

None

5500/client IP

5800/client IP

5900/client IP AIM (AOL Instant Messenger) None for Chat and IM None for Chat and IM e-Donkey None 4661 - 4662/client IP POLYCOM Video

Conferencing

None Default/client IP

iVISTA 4.1 None 80/server IP Microsoft Xbox Live7 None N/A

1

Since SUA enables your LAN to appear as a single computer to the Internet, it is not

possible to configure similar servers on the same LAN behind SUA.

2

Because White Pine Cu-SeeMe uses dedicate ports (port 7648 & port 24032) to transmit and receive data, therefore only one local Cu-SeeMe is allowed within the same LAN.

3

In SUA mode, only one local NetMeeting user is allowed because the outsiders can not distinguish between local users using the same internet IP.

4

Certain Quake servers do not allow multiple users to login using the same unique IP, so only one Quake user will be allowed in this case. Moreover, when a Quake server is configured behind SUA, P-660 will not be able to provide information of that server on the internet.

5

Quake II has the same limitations as that of Quake I.

6

P-660 support MSN Messenger 4.6/ 4.7/ 5.0 video/ voice pass-through NAT since new firmware version. In addition, for the Windows OS supported UPnP (Universal Plug and Play), such as Windows XP and Windows ME, UPnP supported in P-660 is an alternative solution to pass through MSN Messenger video/ voice traffic. For more detail, please refer to UPnP application note.

7

P-660 support Microsoft Xbox Live since the new firmware version. If your P-660 firmware is too old to support such function, you may have a work-around solution, please refer to ZyXEL website -> Support -> Xbox Live service http://www.zyxel.com/support/xbox.htm Configurations For example, if the workstation operating Cu-SeeMe has an IP of 192.168.1.34, then the default SUA server must be set to 192.168.1.34. The peer Cu-SeeMe user can reach this workstation by using P-660's

WAN IP address which can be obtained from

menu 24.1.

Menu 15.2.1 - NAT Server Setup (Used for SUA Only)

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------------

1. Default Default 192.168.1.34

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P-660 Series Support Notes

2. 0 0 0.0.0.0

3. 0 0 0.0.0.0

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Configure an Internal Server Behind SUA

Introduction

If you wish, you can make internal servers (e.g., Web, ftp or mail server) accessible for outside users, even though SUA makes your LAN appear as a single machine to the outside world. A service is identified by the port number. Also, since you need to specify the IP address of a server in the P-660, a server must have a fixed IP address and not be a DHCP client whose IP address potentially changes each time it is powered on.

In addition to the servers for specific services, SUA supports a default server. A service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default server is not defined, the service request is simply discarded.

Configuration

To make a server visible to the outside world, specify the port number of the service and the inside address of the server in 'Menu 15.2.1', Multiple Server Configuration.

26

P-660 Series Support Notes

The outside users can access the local server using the P-660's WAN IP address which can be obtained from menu 24.1.

For example (Configuring an internal Web server for outside access) :

Menu 15.2.1 - NAT Server Setup (Used for SUA Only)

Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address

---------------------------------------------------

1. Default Default 0.0.0.0

2. 80 80 192.168.1.10

3. 0 0 0.0.0.0

4. 0 0 0.0.0.0

5. 0 0 0.0.0.0

6. 0 0 0.0.0.0

7. 0 0 0.0.0.0

8. 0 0 0.0.0.0

9. 0 0 0.0.0.0

10. 0 0 0.0.0.0

11. 0 0 0.0.0.0

12. 0 0 0.0.0.0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Port numbers for some services

Service Port Number

FTP 21

Telnet 23

SMTP 25

DNS (Domain Name Server) 53

www-http (Web) 80

Configure a PPTP server behind SUA

Introduction

27

P-660 Series Support Notes

PPTP is a tunneling protocol defined by the PPTP forum that allows PPP packets to be encapsulated within Internet Protocol (IP) packets and forwarded over any IP network, including the Internet itself.

In order to run the Windows 9x PPTP client, you must be able to establish an IP connection with a tunnel server such as the Windows NT Server 4.0 Remote Access Server.

Windows Dial-Up Networking uses the Internet standard Point-to-Point (PPP) to provide a secure, optimized multiple-protocol network connection over dial-up telephone lines. All data sent over this connection can be encrypted and compressed, and multiple network level protocols (TCP/IP, NetBEUI and IPX) can be run correctly. Windows NT Domain Login level security is preserved even across the Internet.

Window98 PPTP Client / Internet / NT RAS Server Protocol Stack

PPTP appears as new modem type (Virtual Private Networking Adapter) that can be selected when setting up a connection in the Dial-Up Networking folder. The VPN Adapter type does not appear elsewhere in the system. Since PPTP encapsulates its data stream in the PPP protocol, the VPN requires a second dial-up adapter. This second dial-up adapter for VPN is added during the installation phase of the Upgrade in addition to the first dial-up adapter that provides PPP support for the analog or ISDN modem.

The PPTP is supported in Windows NT and Windows 98 already. For Windows 95, it needs to be upgraded by the Dial-Up Networking 1.2 upgrade.

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P-660 Series Support Notes

Configuration

This application note explains how to establish a PPTP connection with a remote private network in the P-660 SUA case. In ZyNOS, all PPTP packets can be forwarded to the internal PPTP Server (WinNT server) behind SUA. The port number of the PPTP has to be entered in the SMT Menu 15 for P-660 to forward to the appropriate private IP address of Windows NT server.

Example

The following example shows how to dial to an ISP via the P-660 and then establish a tunnel to a private network. There will be three items that you need to set up for PPTP application, these are PPTP server (WinNT), PPTP client (Win9x) and the P-660.

1. PPTP server setup (WinNT)

• Add the VPN service from Control Panel>Network

• Add an user account for PPTP logged on user

• Enable RAS port

• Select the network protocols from RAS such as IPX, TCP/IP NetBEUI

• Set the Internet gateway to P-660

2. PPTP client setup (Win9x)

• Add one VPN connection from Dial-Up Networking by entering the correct

username & password and the IP address of the P-660's Internet IP address for logging to NT RAS server.

• Set the Internet gateway to the router that is connecting to ISP

3. P-660 router setup

29