Powerline Ethernet Adapters
PLA4101, PLA4111, PLA4201, PLA4201 v2, PLA5205, PLA5215, PLA5206, PLA5405, PLA5256, PLA5456, PLA5206 v2
Utility Version 7.0.2
Edition 6, 05/2016
Default Network Name: HomePlugAV
Quick Start Guide
User’s Guide
www.zyxel.com
Copyright © 2016 ZyXEL Communications Corporation
IMPORTANT!
READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE.
KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
Note: This guide is a reference for a series of products. Therefore some features or options in this guide may not be available in your product.
Screenshots and graphics in this book may differ slightly from your product due to differences in your product firmware or your computer operating system. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate.
Related Documentation
•Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains information on making your hardware connections.
•More Information
Go to su ppor t .zyx e l.com to find other information on the PLA.
PLA Series User’s Guide
2
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................. |
3 |
Part I: User’s Guide ........................................................................................... |
5 |
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Chapter |
1 |
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Introducing the PLA ............................................................................................................................. |
6 |
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1.1 |
Overview ............................................................................................................................................. |
6 |
1.2 |
LEDs ................................................................................................................................................... |
7 |
1.3 |
Standby Mode (Power Saving Mode) .................................................................................................. |
9 |
1.4 |
Ways to Manage the PLA ................................................................................................................... |
9 |
1.5 |
Expand Your Network with the PLA .................................................................................................... |
9 |
1.6 |
Security ............................................................................................................................................. |
10 |
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1.6.1 Passwords ............................................................................................................................... |
10 |
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1.6.2 Setting Up Security .................................................................................................................. |
11 |
1.7 |
Multiple Networks .............................................................................................................................. |
11 |
Chapter |
2 |
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The RESET/ENCRYPT Button............................................................................................................ |
12 |
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2.1 |
RESET/ENCRYPT Button Overview ................................................................................................. |
12 |
2.2 |
Adding Devices to a Powerline Network ........................................................................................... |
12 |
2.3 |
Removing a Device from a Powerline Network ................................................................................ |
14 |
2.4 |
Multiple Separate Powerline Networks ............................................................................................. |
15 |
2.5 |
PLAs With One Combination RESET/ENCRYPT Button .................................................................. |
15 |
2.6 |
PLAs with Separate RESET and ENCRYPT Buttons ....................................................................... |
16 |
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2.6.1 ENCRYPT Button Behavior ..................................................................................................... |
16 |
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2.6.2 RESET Button Behavior .......................................................................................................... |
17 |
Part II: Technical Reference............................................................................ |
18 |
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Chapter |
3 |
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Installing the Utility............................................................................................................................. |
19 |
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3.1 |
Windows ............................................................................................................................................ |
19 |
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3.1.1 System Requirements ............................................................................................................. |
19 |
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3.1.2 Installing the Utility ................................................................................................................... |
19 |
3.2 |
Macintosh (Mac) ................................................................................................................................ |
25 |
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3.2.1 Supported OSs ........................................................................................................................ |
25 |
PLA Series User’s Guide
3
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Table of Contents |
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3.2.2 Installing the Utility ................................................................................................................... |
25 |
Chapter |
4 |
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The Configuration Utility.................................................................................................................... |
28 |
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4.1 |
Overview ........................................................................................................................................... |
28 |
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4.1.1 Powerline Network Security ..................................................................................................... |
28 |
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4.1.2 Device Access Key (DAK) ....................................................................................................... |
29 |
4.2 |
Starting the Configuration Utility ........................................................................................................ |
29 |
4.3 |
Network Info Screen ......................................................................................................................... |
29 |
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4.3.1 Icon View ................................................................................................................................. |
30 |
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4.3.2 List View .................................................................................................................................. |
31 |
4.4 |
Configuration Screen ....................................................................................................................... |
32 |
4.5 |
Advanced Screen .......................................................................................................................... |
34 |
4.6 |
About Screen .................................................................................................................................... |
36 |
Chapter |
5 |
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Powerline Network Setup Tutorial..................................................................................................... |
38 |
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5.1 |
Overview ........................................................................................................................................... |
38 |
5.2 |
Important Terms ................................................................................................................................ |
38 |
5.3 |
Accessing Your Powerline Adapter ................................................................................................... |
39 |
5.4 |
Adding a Powerline Adapter .............................................................................................................. |
39 |
5.5 |
Setting Up a New Network with a New Adapter ................................................................................ |
41 |
5.6 |
Splitting a Network into Two Networks .............................................................................................. |
43 |
5.7 |
Troubleshooting ................................................................................................................................ |
45 |
Chapter |
6 |
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Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................................. |
46 |
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6.1 |
Power and Light Problems ................................................................................................................ |
46 |
6.2 |
Configuration Utility Problems ........................................................................................................... |
47 |
6.3 |
Powerline Problems .......................................................................................................................... |
48 |
6.4 |
RESET/ENCRYPT Button Problems ................................................................................................ |
48 |
Appendix |
A Customer Support .......................................................................................................... |
50 |
Appendix |
B Legal Information............................................................................................................ |
57 |
Index .................................................................................................................................................... |
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65 |
PLA Series User’s Guide
4
PART I
5
1
This chapter introduces the main applications and features of your ZyXEL HomePlug AV compliant powerline adapter, which is called “PLA” in this guide. The following generic icon is used to represent all PLA models.
In this User’s Guide the electrical wiring network is referred to as the “powerline network”. The HomePlug AV standard specifies how network devices communicate using standard electrical wiring.
This User’s Guide covers the following models:
Table 1 PLA Comparison Table 1
PORT/FEATURE |
PLA4101 |
PLA4111 |
PLA4201 |
PLA4201 v2 |
PLA5205 |
PLA5215 |
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10/100 Base-T |
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Ethernet port(s) |
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Gigabit Ethernet |
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1 |
1 |
port(s) |
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AC Pass-Through |
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Reset/Encrypt Button |
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Reset Button |
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Encrypt Button |
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Maximum PHY Rate |
200 Mbps |
200 Mbps |
500 Mbps |
600 Mbps |
600 Mbps |
600 Mbps |
over Powerline |
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Table 2 PLA Comparison Table 2 |
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PORT/FEATURE |
PLA5206 |
PLA5405 |
PLA5256 |
PLA5456 |
PLA5206 v2 |
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10/100 Base-T |
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Ethernet port(s) |
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Gigabit Ethernet |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
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port(s) |
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AC Pass-Through |
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Reset/Encrypt Button |
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Reset Button |
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Encrypt Button |
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Maximum PHY Rate |
1000 Mbps |
1200 Mbps |
1000 Mbps |
1800 Mbps |
1000 Mbps |
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over Powerline |
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PLA Series User’s Guide
6
Chapter 1 Introducing the PLA
Note: In this guide RESET/ EN CRYPT refers to the EN CRYPT button in PLAs that have separate RESET and EN CRYPT buttons.
You can directly plug an electrical device (such as a router or computer) into PLAs with an AC power pass-through socket to supply power to the device.
There are two types of hardware for each of the PLA4101 and PLA4201 v2 models:
•One has an Ethernet port on the top and a power plug at the bottom of the rear panel.
•One has an Ethernet port on the bottom and a power plug at the top of the rear panel.
The power plug varies depending on your region.
The following sections describes the lights on the PLA.
The following figure is the front panel of the PLA. Use the lights to determine if the PLA is behaving normally or if there are some problems on your powerline network.
Figure 1 PLA Lights
The following table describes the behavior of the lights on the PLA.
Table 3 LEDs: 200 Mbps Models
LIGHTS |
ICON |
COLOR |
STATUS |
DESCRIPTION |
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POWER |
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Green |
On |
The PLA is on and receiving power. |
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It also indicates a successful connection using the RESET/ |
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EN CRYPT button. |
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Blinking |
It indicates the PLA is trying to connect with another device |
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using the ENCRYPT function. |
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The Pow e r LED blinks when it is in standby mode. Refer to |
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Section 1.3 on page 9 for details on this feature. |
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Off |
The PLA is not receiving power. |
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PLA Series User’s Guide
7
Chapter 1 Introducing the PLA
Table 3 LEDs: 200 Mbps Models (continued)
LIGHTS |
ICON |
COLOR |
STATUS |
DESCRIPTION |
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HomePlug |
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Green |
On |
The PLA detects another powerline adapter. The data transfer |
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rate is greater than 40 Mbps. |
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Amber |
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The PLA detects another powerline adapter. The data transfer |
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rate is between 12~40 Mbps. |
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Red |
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The PLA detects another powerline adapter. The data transfer |
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rate is between 0~12 Mbps. |
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Green/ |
Blinking |
The PLA is communicating with another powerline adapter. |
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Amber/ |
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Data is being transmitted and/or received. |
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Red |
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Off |
The HomePlug port does not detect another powerline |
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adapter. |
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ETHERNET |
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Green |
On |
The ETHERNET port is on and ready and the PLA detects a |
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device connected to it. |
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Blinking |
The PLA is communicating with a networking device |
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connected to it. |
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Off |
The PLA does not detect any devices connected to its |
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ETHERNET port. |
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Table 4 LEDs: 500 / 600 / 1000 / 1200 / 1800 Mbps Models |
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LIGHTS |
ICON |
COLOR |
STATUS |
DESCRIPTION |
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POWER |
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Green |
On |
The PLA is on and receiving power. |
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It also indicates a successful connection using the RESET/ |
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EN CRYPT button. |
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Blinking |
It indicates the PLA is trying to connect with another device |
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using the ENCRYPT function. |
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The Pow e r LED blinks when it is in standby mode. Refer to |
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Section 1.3 on page 9 for details on this feature. |
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Off |
The PLA is not receiving power. |
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HomePlug |
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Green |
On |
The PLA detects another powerline adapter. The data transfer |
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rate is greater than 80 Mbps. |
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Amber |
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The PLA detects another powerline adapter. The data transfer |
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rate is between 20~80 Mbps. |
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Red |
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The PLA detects another powerline adapter. The data transfer |
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rate is between 0~20 Mbps. |
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Green/ |
Blinking |
The PLA is communicating with another powerline adapter. |
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Amber/ |
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Data is being transmitted and/or received. |
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Red |
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Off |
The HomePlug port does not detect another powerline |
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adapter. |
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ETHERNET |
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Green |
On |
The ETHERNET port is on and ready and the PLA detects a |
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device connected to it. |
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Blinking |
The PLA is communicating with a networking device |
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connected to it. |
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Off |
The PLA does not detect any devices connected to its |
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ETHERNET port. |
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PLA Series User’s Guide
8
Chapter 1 Introducing the PLA
Your PLA is a certified green product. It goes into standby mode when there is no Ethernet connection.
When you plug the PLA into an electric socket, it waits for an Ethernet connection. When no connection is detected after three minutes, the Power LED blinks indicating that it is going into standby mode.
The same process occurs when you disconnect the PLA from a previously working Ethernet connection. Three minutes after disconnecting the Ethernet cable, the PLA’s power LED blinks signalling that it is going into standby mode.
The Ethernet and HomePlug LEDs are turned off in standby mode.
While in standby mode, you cannot use the RESET/ EN CRYPT button. To enable the RESET/
EN CRYPT button again, you have to connect the PLA’s Ethernet cable to a computer/notebook or modem/router first. The PLA wakes up from standby mode and you can start using the RESET/ EN CRYPT button.
Use the RESET/ EN CRYPT button to add powerline devices to your powerline network if they have this button. See Chapter 2 on page 12 for instructions on using the ENCRYPT feature.
Use the ZyXEL PLA Series Configura t ion utility (or utility, for short) to manage the PLA. See Chapter 3 on page 19 for instructions on installing the utility.
The PLA plugs into an ordinary power outlet to easily extend a cable or DSL broadband connection or existing Ethernet (LAN) network to any other electrical outlet in any room of a house, all without the need for any new cabling. Devices can securely communicate with each other at high data transfer rates. The PLA uses 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to ensure safe transfer of information.
PLA Series User’s Guide
9
Chapter 1 Introducing the PLA
Figure 2 Expand Your Network with the PLA
PLA |
PLA |
Connect your PLA to an Internet gateway such as a modem and plug it into an ordinary power outlet in your home. Plug a second PLA into another power outlet and connect a computer to the PLA for Internet access. Your network can be further expanded by plugging additional PLAs into other outlets in your home and connecting other computers or network devices (for example, a printer) to them.
Refer to your Quick Start Guide for hardware connection information.
Since your powerline network may extend outside your premises, it is important to set up security on your PLA.
You use two types of passwords in the HomePlug AV powerline network. The following table describes the differences between the passwords.
Table 5 Password Summary
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PASSWORD |
DESCRIPTION |
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Network Name |
All powerline adapters that follow the HomePlug AV standard are shipped with the |
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same powerline network name “HomePlugAV”. Change the network name via the |
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ZyXEL PLA Series Configura t ion utility or RESET/ EN CRYPT button to create a |
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private network. See Section 4.4 on page 32. |
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DAK (Data Access Key) |
In order to manage the powerline adapters on your powerline network you must |
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Password |
enter the adapters’ DAK password in the ZyXEL PLA Ser ie s Configura t ion utility. |
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This password is printed on the powerline adapter itself. |
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You don’t need to add the password for the powerline adapter directly connected to |
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the computer running the configuration utility (local powerline adapter), you only |
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have to add the remote powerline adapters’ passwords (those on your circuit, but |
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not directly connected to your computer). |
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PLA Series User’s Guide |
10
Chapter 1 Introducing the PLA
The ENCRYPT feature automatically sets up security on your powerline network. Use this feature if your powerline devices have the RESET/ EN CRYPT button.
Alternatively, use the ZyXEL PLA Series Configura t ion utility to set up security on the PLA. Although the PLA is a “plug-and-play” network expanding solution there are several reasons for enabling security on the powerline network in your home.
1It’s easy and only requires you to change a network name.
2It’s a good idea to ensure privacy of your communication. When you use the PLA and other powerline adapters, the electrical wiring in your home becomes an extension of your Ethernet network. Your network traffic flows freely within the electrical circuit of your home and is bounded in most cases by a power meter.
Without security (encryption) your information is accessible to anyone using a powerline adapter on the same electrical circuit. In some cases, a circuit can be shared by more than one household.
To prevent compromising your network security, you can create a private network. A private network uses a secret password (N et w ork N am e) to make sure that only permitted powerline adapters can communicate in your network. See Section 4.4 on page 32 for information on setting up a private network.
3You may need to change the N et w ork N a m e to create multiple powerline networks. See the next section for more information on how to set up a multiple network.
Multiple powerline networks can coexist on a single powerline circuit. You might want to implement multiple powerline networks in a small office environment where you have two separate Ethernet networks.
1Connect one powerline adapter to a router or switch on the first Ethernet network and assign a N et w ork N am e (for example “Password1”) to this powerline adapter. Add additional powerline adapters to your network by plugging them into your powerline outlets and assigning them “Password1”. This completes the configuration of your first powerline network.
2Connect another powerline adapter to a router or switch on the second Ethernet network and assign a different N et w ork N am e (for example “Password2”) to this powerline adapter. Again, add additional powerline adapters and assign them “Password2”.
You now have two private networks on your powerline circuit. Information is not shared between the two networks as only powerline adapters with the same N et w ork N am e can communicate with each other.
PLA Series User’s Guide
11
2
Use the RESET/ EN CRYPT button to automatically set up a secure powerline connection between your powerline devices.
Note: In this guide RESET/ EN CRYPT refers to the EN CRYPT button in PLAs that have separate RESET and EN CRYPT buttons.
The RESET/ EN CRYPT button allows you to set up a secure powerline connection with other HomePlug AV compliant powerline devices which also support the ENCRYPT feature. No other powerline setting changes are required to connect.
You can use the RESET/ EN CRYPT button to:
•set up a new powerline network.
•separate an existing powerline network into multiple networks.
•reset the PLA to the factory defaults.
You can connect a number of PLAs on a powerline network, but you can use the RESET/ EN CRYPT button on only two PLAs at a time.
Place a powerline device close to another powerline device so you have time to set up each one. After you set up the first powerline device, you have 120 seconds to set up the second powerline device.
Note: Your PLA must be connected to a networking equipment for the RESET/ EN CRYPT button to work. Refer to Section 1.3 on page 9 for more details.
Follow the steps below to set up your HomePlug AV Network:
1Press the RESET/ EN CRYPT button at the side of your powerline device for 0.5 to 3 seconds. The power ( ) light will blink as the powerline device tries to set up a connection with a new random network name.
PLA Series User’s Guide
12
Chapter 2 The RESET/ENCRYPT Button
Figure 3 ENCRYPT Connection Procedure
PLA |
PLA |
press 0.5 ~ 3 seconds |
press 0.5 ~ 3 seconds |
within 2 minutes
Note: The RESET/ EN CRYPT button’s location varies for each Powerline model.
Note: Check the lights on the two powerline devices. The power ( ) and HomePlug ( ) lights should be on while the devices are connecting. Wait for about two minutes while your powerline devices connect.
If the power ( ) light does not blink when you press RESET/ EN CRYPT, you have probably pressed the RESET/ EN CRYPT button for too long. Try again, pressing the RESET/
EN CRYPT button for 0.5 to 3 seconds.
If the HomePlug () lights on both powerline devices do not light up, the powerline devices are not connected. Repeat step 1 in this section. If that doesn’t work, see the Troubleshooting in Section 6.4 on page 48 for suggestions.
2To add more powerline devices to your network, use any powerline device (A or B) you have connected to set up a connection with the powerline devices you want to connect (C and D ).
3Press the RESET/ EN CRYPT button on both powerline devices (A and C, or B and C) for 0.5 to 3 seconds to add powerline device C. This must be done within 2 minutes (120 seconds) of pressing the RESET/ EN CRYPT button on the PLA.
4Press the RESET/ EN CRYPT button on both powerline devices (A and D, B and D or C and D ) for 0.5 to 3 seconds to add powerline device D. This must be done within 2 minutes (120 seconds) of pressing the RESET/ EN CRYPT button on the PLA.
PLA Series User’s Guide
13
Chapter 2 The RESET/ENCRYPT Button
Figure 4 Adding More Powerline Adapters to Your Network
B A
A OR B |
A OR B OR C |
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C |
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D |
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This sets up your powerline network between your powerline devices.
Suppose you want to remove PLAs (C) and (D ) from the following powerline network.
Figure 5 Removing Devices From an Existing Powerline Network
B A
C
D
1Press the RESET/ EN CRYPT button on powerline device C for 5 to 8 seconds and then release it. This disconnects C from the current network.
2Press the RESET/ EN CRYPT button on powerline device D for 5 to 8 seconds and then release it. This disconnects D from the current network.
PLA Series User’s Guide
14
Chapter 2 The RESET/ENCRYPT Button
You can use the RESET/ EN CRYPT button to create multiple separate powerline networks. Use the RESET/ EN CRYPT button on only two PLAs at a time.
1Press the RESET/ EN CRYPT button on powerline devices E and F for 0.5 to 3 seconds. This must be done within 2 minutes (120 seconds) of pressing the RESET/ EN CRYPT button on the first PLA.
2Wait for about one minute while powerline devices E and F connect.
3Now pair two different PLAs. Press the RESET/ EN CRYPT button on powerline devices G and H for 0.5 to 3 seconds and within two minutes of each other.
4Wait for about one minute while powerline devices G and H connect.
5When the power () and HomePlug () lights shine steadily, the devices are connected.
Figure 6 Two Separate Powerline Networks
E F
G
H
If the HomePlug ( ) lights on both powerline devices do not light up, the powerline devices are not connected. Repeat the connection process, making certain you press the RESET/ EN CRYPT buttons for the correct time and within two minutes of each other. If that does not work see Section 6.4 on page 48 for suggestions.
Refer to Table 1 on page 6 to see which models have a combination RESET / EN CRYPT button.
PLA Series User’s Guide
15
Chapter 2 The RESET/ENCRYPT Button
The following table summarizes the actions that occur when the RESET/ EN CRYPT button is pressed for specific lengths of time.
Table 6 RESET/ EN CRYPT
TIME |
ACTION |
POWER LIGHT BEHAVIOR |
HOMEPLUG LIGHT |
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BEHAVIOR |
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0.5 to 3 |
Create a powerline network |
The power ( |
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) light blinks |
The HomePlug ( |
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seconds |
with a new random network |
until the device is connected. |
on if your device |
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connected |
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is |
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name. |
This may take a minute. |
to another powerline device or |
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Join an existing powerline |
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a powerline network. |
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network by sharing the same |
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network name as other |
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devices on the network. |
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5 to 8 |
Remove the device from any |
The power ( |
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) light blinks |
The HomePlug ( |
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) light turns |
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seconds |
network it is associated with |
and then shines steadily. |
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from the |
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off when it disconnects |
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and its network name |
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powerline network. |
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assumes a random value. |
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10 to 15 |
Clear all user-entered |
The power ( |
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) light blinks |
The HomePlug ( |
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) light turns |
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seconds |
configuration information and |
and then shines steadily. |
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from the |
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off when it disconnects |
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return the device to its |
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powerline network. |
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factory defaults. |
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Note: The network name is unknown when you use the RESET/ EN CRYPT button.
Refer to Table 1 on page 6 to see which models have separate RESET and EN CRYPT buttons.
The following table summarizes the actions that occur when the EN CRYPT button is pressed for specific lengths of time.
Table 7 EN CRYPT
TIME |
ACTION |
POWER LIGHT BEHAVIOR |
HOMEPLUG LIGHT |
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BEHAVIOR |
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less than 3 |
Create a powerline network |
The power ( |
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) light blinks |
The HomePlug ( |
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) light turns |
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seconds |
with a new random network |
until the device is connected. |
on if your device |
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connected |
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is |
||||||||
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name. |
This may take a minute. |
to another powerline device or |
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Join an existing powerline |
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a powerline network. |
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network by sharing the same |
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network name as other |
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devices on the network. |
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more than |
Remove the device from any |
The power ( |
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) light blinks |
The HomePlug ( |
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) light |
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10 seconds |
network it is associated with |
and then shines steadily. |
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and then |
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blinks red one time |
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and its network name |
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turns off when it disconnects |
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assumes a random value. |
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from the powerline network. |
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PLA Series User’s Guide
16
Chapter 2 The RESET/ENCRYPT Button
Use a pointed device such as a pin to reset the N et w ork N a m e back to default H om ePlugAV.
Table 8 RESET Button
TIME |
ACTION |
POWER LIGHT BEHAVIOR |
HOMEPLUG LIGHT |
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BEHAVIOR |
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1 to 3 |
Clear all user-entered |
The power ( |
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) light blinks |
The HomePlug ( |
|
) light |
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seconds |
configuration information and |
and then shines steadily. |
|
|
disconnects |
|||
turns off when it |
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return the device to its |
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from the powerline network. |
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factory defaults. |
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See Troubleshooting in Chapter 6 on page 48 for suggestions on problems with the RESET/ EN CRYPT button and the lights.
PLA Series User’s Guide
17
PART II
18
3
This chapter guides you through the installation of the configuration utility for your PLA.
This section uses the Windows XP screens as an example to show you how to install the Windows vesion of the ZyXEL PLA Series Configurat ion utility.
At the time of writing, the ZyXEL PLA Series Configurat ion utility is compatible with:
•Windows XP (32-bit version)
•Windows XP (64-bit version)
•Windows Vista (32-bit version)
•Windows Vista (64-bit version)
•Windows 7 (32-bit version)
•Windows 7 (64-bit version)
•Windows 8 (32-bit version)
•Windows 8 (64-bit version)
Note: To check for your Windows operating system version, > Propert ies. You should see this information in the
right-click on M y Com put er Genera l tab.
Microsoft’s .NET Framework version 4 and WinPcap 4.1.3 software are necessary for the installation of the ZyXEL PLA Series Configurat ion utility. The utility automatically installs WinPcap 4.1.3 and .NET Framework version 4 on all supported operating systems (if it’s not already installed on your computer).
Follow the steps below to install WinPcap 4.1.3, .NET Framework version 4 and the ZyXEL PLA Series Configurat ion utility on your computer.
1 Go to the ZyXEL Download Library and download the utility to your computer. Double click the utility set up.ex e file.
If WinPcap 4.1.3 is already installed on your computer, the following screen appears. Click Ca ncel and go to step 5.
PLA Series User’s Guide
19
Chapter 3 Installing the Utility
Otherwise, the WinPcap setup wizard runs automatically. Click N e x t to continue.
2Review the license agreem ent , and click I Agree to proceed.
3Select Aut om at ically st art t he W inPcap driver at boot t im e if you want to start WinPcap automatically when the computer boots. Click I nst all to install WinPcap.
PLA Series User’s Guide
20
Chapter 3 Installing the Utility
4Select I w ant t o m anually reboot lat er, and click Finish to exit the wizard.
5A prompt appears asking you to install the .NET Framework version 4. Review Microsoft’s License Agreem ent , select I have rea d a nd a ccept t he license t erm s. and click I nt a ll to proceed.
Note: If you already have .NET Framework version 4 installed on your computer this step can be skipped.
PLA Series User’s Guide
21