ZyXEL ES-4124 User Guide

ES-4124

Intelligent Layer 3+ Switch

User’s Guide

Version 3.70

8/2006

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Copyright

Copyright © 2006 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed,
stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.

Disclaimer

ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or
software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the
patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products
described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.

Trademarks

ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL
Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for
identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.

Copyright 1

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement

This device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions:

• This device may not cause harmful interference.

• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operations.

FCC Warning

This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital switch,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference in a commercial environment. This device generates,
uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with
the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of
this device in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user
will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

Certifications

CE Mark Warning:

This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference
in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

Taiwanese BSMI (Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection) A
Warning:

Notices

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance
could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

Viewing Certifications

1 Go to http://www.zyxel.com.

2 Certifications

ES-4124 User’s Guide

2 Select your product from the drop-down list box on the ZyXEL home page to go to that

product's page.

3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page.

Certifications 3

ES-4124 User’s Guide

For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.

• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.

• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.

• Do NOT store things on the device.

• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.

• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.

• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.

• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.

• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.

• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.

• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in
North America or 230V AC in Europe).

• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.

• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.

• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.

• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.

• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.

• CAUTION: RISK OF EXPLOSION IF BATTERY (on the motherboard) IS REPLACED
BY AN INCORRECT TYPE. DISPOSE OF USED BATTERIES ACCORDING TO
THE INSTRUCTIONS. Dispose them at the applicable collection point for the recycling
of electrical and electronic equipment. For detailed information about recycling of this
product, please contact your local city office, your household waste disposal service or
the store where you purchased the product.

• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.

• The length of exposed (bare) power wire should not exceed 7mm.

Safety Warnings

4 Safety Warnings

This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Safety Warnings 5

ES-4124 User’s Guide

ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects
in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During
the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure
due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the
defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever
extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating
condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent
product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty
shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act
of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.

Note

Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the
purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any
implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in
no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.

ZyXEL Limited Warranty

To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return
Material Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is
recommended that the unit be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of
purchase or those with an out-dated warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of
ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts and labor. All repaired or replaced products
will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address, Postage Paid. This warranty
gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from country to
country.

Registration

Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information
at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.

6 ZyXEL Limited Warranty

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Customer Support

Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support.

• Product model and serial number.

• Warranty Information.

• Date that you received your device.

• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.

METHOD

LOCATION

CORPORATE
HEADQUARTERS
(WORLDWIDE)

COSTA RICA

CZECH REPUBLIC

DENMARK

FINLAND

FRANCE

GERMANY

HUNGARY

KAZAKHSTAN

NORTH AMERICA

SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE WEB SITE

SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.com

www.europe.zyxel.com

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.zyxel.com

ftp.europe.zyxel.com

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.co.cr ZyXEL Costa Rica

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.zyxel.co.cr

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.cz ZyXEL Communications

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.dk ZyXEL Communications A/S

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.fi ZyXEL Communications Oy

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.fr ZyXEL France

[phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.de ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH.

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.hu ZyXEL Hungary

[e-mail] [phone]

http://zyxel.kz/support [phone] www.zyxel.kz ZyXEL Kazakhstan

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] 1-800-255-4101

[phone]

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.us.zyxel.com

www.us.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications Inc.

REGULAR MAIL

ZyXEL Communications Corp.
6 Innovation Road II

Science Park
Hsinchu 300
Ta iw a n

Plaza Roble Escazú
Etapa El Patio, Tercer Piso
San José, Costa Rica

Czech s.r.o.
Modranská 621
143 01 Praha 4 - Modrany
Ceská Republika

Columbusvej
2860 Soeborg
Denmark

Malminkaari 10
00700 Helsinki
Finland

1 rue des Vergers
Bat. 1 / C
69760 Limonest
France

Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146
Wuerselen
Germany

48, Zoldlomb Str.
H-1025, Budapest
Hungary

43, Dostyk ave.,Office 414
Dostyk Business Centre
050010, Almaty
Republic of Kazakhstan

1130 N. Miller St.
Anaheim
CA 92806-2001
U.S.A.

Customer Support 7

ES-4124 User’s Guide

METHOD

LOCATION

NORWAY

POLAND

RUSSIA

SPAIN

SWEDEN

UKRAINE

UNITED KINGDOM

SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE WEB SITE

SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.no ZyXEL Communications A/S

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.pl.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications

[phone]

http://zyxel.ru/support [phone] www.zyxel.ru ZyXEL Russia

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.es ZyXEL Communications

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.zyxel.se ZyXEL Communications A/S

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone] www.ua.zyxel.com ZyXEL Ukraine

[e-mail] [phone]

[e-mail] [phone]

08707 555779 (UK only)

[e-mail] [phone] ftp.zyxel.co.uk

www.zyxel.co.uk ZyXEL Communications UK

REGULAR MAIL

Nils Hansens vei 13
0667 Oslo
Norway

ul. Okrzei 1A
03-715 Warszawa
Poland

Ostrovityanova 37a Str.
Moscow, 117279
Russia

Arte, 21 5ª planta
28033 Madrid
Spain

Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg
Sweden

13, Pimonenko Str.
Kiev, 04050
Ukraine

Ltd.,11 The Courtyard,
Eastern Road, Bracknell,
Berkshire, RG12 2XB,
United Kingdom (UK)

+” is the (prefix) number you enter to make an international telephone call.

8 Customer Support

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Table of Contents

Copyright ..................................................................................................................1

Certifications ............................................................................................................2

Safety Warnings ....................................................................................................... 4

ZyXEL Limited Warranty.......................................................................................... 6

Customer Support.................................................................................................... 7

Table of Contents ..................................................................................................... 9

List of Figures ........................................................................................................ 21

List of Tables .......................................................................................................... 25

Preface ....................................................................................................................29

Chapter 1

Getting to Know Your Switch ................................................................................ 31

1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................31

1.1.1 Backbone Application ...............................................................................31

1.1.2 Bridging Example ......................................................................................32

1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example .....................................................32

1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples ...............................................33

1.1.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example ..............................................................33

Chapter 2

Hardware Installation and Connection................................................................. 35

2.1 Freestanding Installation ...................................................................................35

2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .........................................................................36

2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements .................................................36

2.2.1.1 Precautions ....................................................................................36

2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch ........................................36

2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ................................................................36

Chapter 3

Hardware Overview................................................................................................ 39

3.1 Panel Connections ............................................................................................39

3.1.1 Console Port ............................................................................................40

3.1.2 Ethernet Ports ...........................................................................................40

Table of Contents 9

ES-4124 User’s Guide

3.2 Rear Panel .........................................................................................................42

3.3 LEDs ..............................................................................................................44

Chapter 4

The Web Configurator............................................................................................ 47

4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................47

4.2 System Login ..................................................................................................47

4.3 The Status Screen .........................................................................................48

4.4 Saving Your Configuration ..................................................................................53

4.5 Switch Lockout .................................................................................................53

4.6 Resetting the Switch .......................................................................................54

4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ...............................................................55

4.8 Help ..................................................................................................................55

3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings ................................................................40

3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots .......................................................................................41

3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation ................................................................41

3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal ...................................................................42

3.2.1 Power Connector ......................................................................................43

3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector ...............................................43

4.3.1 Change Your Password .........................................................................52

4.6.1 Reload the Configuration File .................................................................54

Chapter 5

Initial Setup Example ............................................................................................. 57

5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................57

5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface .......................................................................57

5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings ...........................................................58

5.1.3 Creating a VLAN .......................................................................................59

5.1.4 Setting Port VID ........................................................................................60

5.1.5 Enabling RIP .............................................................................................60

Chapter 6

System Status and Port Statistics ........................................................................ 63

6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................63

6.2 Port Status Summary ....................................................................................63

6.2.1 Status: Port Details ...............................................................................64

Chapter 7

Basic Setting ......................................................................................................... 69

7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................69

7.2 System Information .........................................................................................69

7.3 General Setup ................................................................................................71

7.4 Introduction to VLANs ......................................................................................73

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ES-4124 User’s Guide

7.5 Switch Setup Screen .......................................................................................74

7.6 IP Setup ..........................................................................................................75

7.6.1 IP Interfaces .............................................................................................76

7.7 Port Setup ........................................................................................................78

Chapter 8

VLAN ....................................................................................................................... 81

8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs ................................................81

8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames ..............................................81

8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration ...........................................................................82

8.2.1 GARP ........................................................................................................82

8.2.1.1 GARP Timers .................................................................................82

8.2.2 GVRP ........................................................................................................82

8.3 Port VLAN Trunking .........................................................................................83

8.4 Select the VLAN Type .......................................................................................83

8.5 Static VLAN ........................................................................................................84

8.5.1 Static VLAN Status ....................................................................................84

8.5.2 Static VLAN Details ...................................................................................85

8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN ........................................................................85

8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings ...............................................................87

8.6 Protocol Based VLANs ......................................................................................88

8.7 Configuring Protocol Based VLAN ...................................................................89

8.8 Create an IP-based VLAN Example ...................................................................91

8.9 Port-based VLAN Setup ................................................................................92

8.9.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN .................................................................92

Chapter 9

Static MAC Forward Setup .................................................................................... 97

9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................97

9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ..............................................................97

Chapter 10

Filtering ................................................................................................................... 99

10.1 Configure a Filtering Rule .............................................................................99

Chapter 11

Spanning Tree Protocol ....................................................................................... 101

11.1 STP/RSTP Overview ....................................................................................101

11.1.1 STP Terminology ..................................................................................101

11.1.2 How STP Works ...................................................................................102

11.1.3 STP Port States ...................................................................................102

11.1.4 Multiple RSTP .....................................................................................103

11.2 Spanning Tree Protocol Main Screen ............................................................103

Table of Contents 11

ES-4124 User’s Guide

11.3 Configure Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ....................................................104

11.4 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status .......................................................107

11.5 Configure Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol .......................................108

11.6 Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status ......................................... 110

Chapter 12

Bandwidth Control ............................................................................................... 113

12.1 Bandwidth Control Overview ........................................................................ 113

12.2 Bandwidth Control Setup ...............................................................................113

Chapter 13

Broadcast Storm Control..................................................................................... 115

13.1 Broadcast Storm Control Setup .....................................................................115

Chapter 14

Mirroring ............................................................................................................... 117

12.1.1 CIR and PIR ..........................................................................................113

14.1 Port Mirroring Setup ......................................................................................117

Chapter 15

Link Aggregation.................................................................................................. 119

15.1 Link Aggregation Overview ........................................................................... 119

15.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation ...........................................................................119

15.2.1 Link Aggregation ID .............................................................................120

15.3 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status .....................................................120

15.4 Link Aggregation Setup ................................................................................121

Chapter 16

Port Authentication.............................................................................................. 125

16.1 Port Authentication Overview ........................................................................125

16.1.1 RADIUS ...............................................................................................125

16.1.1.1 Vendor Specific Attribute .............................................................125

16.1.1.2 Tunnel Protocol Attribute .............................................................126

16.2 Port Authentication Configuration ..................................................................126

16.2.1 Configuring RADIUS Server Settings ................................................127

16.2.2 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security ...........................................................128

Chapter 17

Port Security......................................................................................................... 131

17.1 About Port Security .......................................................................................131

17.2 Port Security Setup ........................................................................................131

12 Table of Contents

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Chapter 18

Classifier ............................................................................................................... 135

18.1 About the Classifier and QoS .........................................................................135

18.2 Configuring the Classifier ..............................................................................135

18.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration .................................................138

18.4 Classifier Example .........................................................................................139

Chapter 19

Policy Rule........................................................................................................... 141

19.1 Policy Rules Overview ..................................................................................141

19.1.1 DiffServ .................................................................................................141

19.1.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ...............................................................141

19.2 Configuring Policy Rules ................................................................................142

19.3 Viewing and Editing Policy Configuration .......................................................145

19.4 Policy Example ...............................................................................................146

Chapter 20

Queuing Method................................................................................................... 149

20.1 Queuing Method Overview ............................................................................149

20.1.1 Strictly Priority .......................................................................................149

20.1.2 Weighted Fair Queuing .........................................................................149

20.1.3 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ..........................................150

20.2 Configuring Queuing ......................................................................................150

Chapter 21

VLAN Stacking...................................................................................................... 153

21.1 VLAN Stacking Overview ..............................................................................153

21.1.1 VLAN Stacking Example .......................................................................153

21.2 VLAN Stacking Port Roles .............................................................................154

21.3 VLAN Tag Format ...........................................................................................154

21.3.1 Frame Format .......................................................................................155

21.4 Configuring VLAN Stacking ............................................................................156

Chapter 22

Multicast................................................................................................................ 159

22.1 Multicast Overview ........................................................................................159

22.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses .........................................................................159

22.1.2 IGMP Filtering .......................................................................................159

22.1.3 IGMP Snooping ...................................................................................159

22.2 Multicast Status .............................................................................................160

22.3 Multicast Setting ............................................................................................160

22.4 IGMP Filtering Profile ....................................................................................163

22.5 MVR Overview ..............................................................................................164

Table of Contents 13

ES-4124 User’s Guide

22.6 General MVR Configuration ...........................................................................165

22.7 MVR Group Configuration .............................................................................167

Chapter 23

Static Route .......................................................................................................... 171

23.1 Configuring Static Routing ............................................................................171

Chapter 24

RIP ........................................................................................................................173

24.1 RIP Overview .................................................................................................173

24.2 Configuring RIP .............................................................................................173

Chapter 25

OSPF ..................................................................................................................... 175

22.5.1 Types of MVR Ports ..............................................................................164

22.5.2 MVR Modes ..........................................................................................164

22.5.3 How MVR Works ..................................................................................165

22.7.1 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................169

25.1 OSPF Overview ............................................................................................175

25.1.1 OSPF Autonomous Systems and Areas ...............................................175

25.1.2 How OSPF Works .................................................................................176

25.1.3 Interfaces and Virtual Links ..................................................................176

25.1.4 OSPF and Router Elections ..................................................................176

25.1.5 Configuring OSPF ................................................................................177

25.2 OSPF Status ...............................................................................................177

25.3 OSPF Configuration .....................................................................................179

25.4 Configure OSPF Areas .................................................................................181

25.4.1 View OSPF Area Information Table ......................................................182

25.5 Configuring OSPF Interfaces ......................................................................183

25.6 OSPF Virtual-Links ......................................................................................184

Chapter 26

IGMP ...................................................................................................................... 187

26.1 IGMP Overview ..............................................................................................187

26.2 Configuring IGMP ...........................................................................................187

Chapter 27

DVMRP .................................................................................................................. 189

27.1 DVMRP Overview ..........................................................................................189

27.2 How DVMRP Works .......................................................................................189

27.2.1 DVMRP Terminology ...........................................................................190

27.3 Configuring DVMRP ......................................................................................190

27.3.1 DVMRP Configuration Error Messages ...............................................191

14 Table of Contents

ES-4124 User’s Guide

27.4 Default DVMRP Timer Values .......................................................................192

Chapter 28

IP Multicast ........................................................................................................... 193

28.1 IP Multicast Overview .....................................................................................193

28.2 Configuring Multicast ......................................................................................193

Chapter 29

Differentiated Services ........................................................................................ 195

29.1 DiffServ Overview .........................................................................................195

29.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ..............................................................195

29.1.2 DiffServ Network Example ...................................................................195

29.2 Activating DiffServ .........................................................................................196

29.3 DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p Priority Settings .......................................................197

29.3.1 Configuring DSCP Settings ..................................................................197

Chapter 30

DHCP ..................................................................................................................... 199

30.1 DHCP Overview ............................................................................................199

30.1.1 DHCP modes .......................................................................................199

30.2 DHCP Server Status ......................................................................................199

30.3 Configuring DHCP Server ...........................................................................200

30.3.1 DHCP Server Configuration Example ...................................................202

30.4 DHCP Relay ..................................................................................................202

30.4.1 DHCP Relay Agent Information ............................................................203

30.4.2 Configuring DHCP Relay ......................................................................203

30.4.3 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ....................................................204

Chapter 31

VRRP ..................................................................................................................... 205

31.1 VRRP Overview ............................................................................................205

31.2 VRRP Status ................................................................................................206

31.3 VRRP Configuration ......................................................................................207

31.3.1 IP Interface Setup ................................................................................207

31.3.2 VRRP Parameters ...............................................................................209

31.3.2.1 Advertisement Interval ...............................................................209

31.3.2.2 Priority ........................................................................................209

31.3.2.3 Preempt Mode ............................................................................209

31.3.3 Configuring VRRP Parameters .............................................................209

31.3.4 Configuring VRRP Parameters .............................................................210

31.4 VRRP Configuration Examples .....................................................................211

31.4.1 One Subnet Network Example ............................................................211

31.4.2 Two Subnets Example .........................................................................213

Table of Contents 15

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Chapter 32

Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 215

32.1 The Maintenance Screen .............................................................................215

32.2 Load Factory Default .....................................................................................216

32.3 Save Configuration .........................................................................................216

32.4 Reboot System ...............................................................................................217

32.5 Firmware Upgrade ......................................................................................217

32.6 Restore a Configuration File .......................................................................218

32.7 Backup a Configuration File ........................................................................218

32.8 FTP Command Line .......................................................................................219

Chapter 33

Access Control..................................................................................................... 221

32.8.1 Filename Conventions .........................................................................219

32.8.1.1 Example FTP Commands ...........................................................219

32.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ...........................................................220

32.8.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .........................................................................220

32.8.4 FTP Restrictions ..................................................................................220

33.1 Access Control Overview ...........................................................................221

33.2 The Access Control Main Screen ...................................................................221

33.3 About SNMP ................................................................................................222

33.3.1 Supported MIBs ..................................................................................223

33.3.2 SNMP Traps .......................................................................................223

33.3.3 Configuring SNMP ...............................................................................224

33.3.4 Setting Up Login Accounts ................................................................224

33.4 SSH Overview ................................................................................................226

33.5 How SSH works .............................................................................................226

33.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch ................................................................227

33.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH ................................................................228

33.7 Introduction to HTTPS ....................................................................................228

33.8 HTTPS Example ............................................................................................229

33.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ...................................................229

33.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages ...............................................229

33.8.3 The Main Screen ..................................................................................230

33.9 Service Port Access Control .......................................................................231

33.10 Remote Management ..............................................................................232

Chapter 34

Diagnostic............................................................................................................. 235

34.1 Diagnostic .....................................................................................................235

16 Table of Contents

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Chapter 35

Syslog ................................................................................................................... 237

35.1 Syslog Overview ............................................................................................237

35.2 Syslog Setup .................................................................................................237

35.3 Syslog Server Setup .....................................................................................238

Chapter 36

Cluster Management............................................................................................ 241

36.1 Clustering Management Status Overview .....................................................241

36.2 Cluster Management Status ..........................................................................242

36.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ..................................................243

36.2.1.1 Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch .....................244

36.3 Clustering Management Configuration .........................................................245

Chapter 37

MAC Table ............................................................................................................. 249

37.1 MAC Table Overview .....................................................................................249

37.2 Viewing the MAC Table .................................................................................250

Chapter 38

IP Table..................................................................................................................251

38.1 IP Table Overview .........................................................................................251

38.2 Viewing the IP Table .......................................................................................252

Chapter 39

ARP Table.............................................................................................................. 253

39.1 ARP Table Overview .....................................................................................253

39.1.1 How ARP Works ...................................................................................253

39.2 Viewing the ARP Table ..................................................................................253

Chapter 40

Routing Table........................................................................................................ 255

40.1 Overview ........................................................................................................255

40.2 Viewing the Routing Table Status ..................................................................255

Chapter 41

Configure Clone ................................................................................................... 257

41.1 Configure Clone ............................................................................................257

Chapter 42

Introducing Commands...................................................................................... 259

42.1 Overview ........................................................................................................259

42.2 Accessing the CLI ..........................................................................................259

Table of Contents 17

ES-4124 User’s Guide

42.3 The Login Screen ..........................................................................................260

42.4 Command Syntax Conventions ......................................................................260

42.5 Changing the Password .................................................................................261

42.6 Privilege Levels ..............................................................................................261

42.7 Command Modes ...........................................................................................262

42.8 Getting Help ...................................................................................................263

42.9 Using Command History ................................................................................265

42.10 Saving Your Configuration ............................................................................265

42.11 Command Summary ....................................................................................266

42.12 mvr Commands ............................................................................................295

42.2.1 The Console Port ..................................................................................259

42.2.1.1 Initial Screen ...............................................................................260

42.8.1 List of Available Commands .................................................................264

42.10.1 Switch Configuration File ....................................................................265

42.10.2 Logging Out ........................................................................................266

42.11.1 User Mode ..........................................................................................266

42.11.2 Enable Mode .......................................................................................267

42.11.3 General Configuration Mode ...............................................................273

42.11.4 interface port-channel Commands ......................................................289

42.11.5 interface route-domain Commands .....................................................292

42.11.6 config-vlan Commands .......................................................................294

Chapter 43

User and Enable Mode Commands ................................................................... 297

43.1 Overview ........................................................................................................297

43.2 show Commands ...........................................................................................297

43.2.1 show system-information .....................................................................297

43.2.2 show ip ..................................................................................................298

43.2.3 show logging ........................................................................................298

43.2.4 show interface ......................................................................................298

43.2.5 show mac address-table ......................................................................299

43.3 ping ...............................................................................................................300

43.4 traceroute .......................................................................................................300

43.5 Copy Port Attributes .......................................................................................301

43.6 Configuration File Maintenance ....................................................................302

43.6.1 Using a Different Configuration File ......................................................302

43.6.2 Resetting to the Factory Default ...........................................................303

Chapter 44

Configuration Mode Commands......................................................................... 305

44.1 Enabling IGMP Snooping ...............................................................................305

44.2 Configure IGMP Filter ....................................................................................306

44.3 Enabling STP .................................................................................................307

18 Table of Contents

ES-4124 User’s Guide

44.4 no Command Examples .................................................................................309

44.4.1 Disable Commands .............................................................................309

44.4.2 Resetting Commands ...........................................................................309

44.4.3 Re-enable commands ...........................................................................309

44.4.4 Other Examples of no Commands ........................................................310

44.4.4.1 no trunk .......................................................................................310

44.4.4.2 no port-access-authenticator .......................................................311

44.4.4.3 no ssh ..........................................................................................311

44.5 Queuing Method Commands .........................................................................312

44.6 Static Route Commands ................................................................................312

44.7 Enabling MAC Filtering ..................................................................................313

44.8 Enabling Trunking ..........................................................................................314

44.9 Enabling Port Authentication ..........................................................................315

44.9.1 RADIUS Server Settings .......................................................................315

44.9.2 Port Authentication Settings .................................................................316

Chapter 45

Interface Commands............................................................................................ 319

45.1 Overview ........................................................................................................319

45.2 Interface Command Examples .......................................................................319

45.2.1 interface port-channel ..........................................................................319

45.2.2 bpdu-control .........................................................................................319

45.2.3 broadcast-limit .....................................................................................320

45.2.4 bandwidth-limit .....................................................................................320

45.2.5 mirror ...................................................................................................321

45.2.6 gvrp ......................................................................................................322

45.2.7 ingress-check .......................................................................................322

45.2.8 frame-type ............................................................................................323

45.2.9 weight ..................................................................................................323

45.2.10 egress set ..........................................................................................324

45.2.11 qos priority ..........................................................................................324

45.2.12 name ...................................................................................................325

45.2.13 speed-duplex ......................................................................................325

45.2.14 test ......................................................................................................325

45.3 Interface no Command Examples ..................................................................326

45.3.1 no bandwidth-limit .................................................................................326

Chapter 46

IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ............................................................. 327

46.1 Configuring Tagged VLAN ..............................................................................327

46.2 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands .............................328

46.2.1 GARP Status .........................................................................................328

46.2.2 GARP Timer ........................................................................................328

Table of Contents 19

ES-4124 User’s Guide

46.3 Port VLAN Commands ...................................................................................329

46.4 Enable VLAN .................................................................................................332

46.5 Disable VLAN .................................................................................................333

46.6 Show VLAN Setting .......................................................................................333

Chapter 47

Multicast VLAN Registration Commands .......................................................... 335

46.2.3 GVRP Timer .........................................................................................329

46.2.4 Enable GVRP .......................................................................................329

46.2.5 Disable GVRP .......................................................................................329

46.3.1 Set Port VID .........................................................................................330

46.3.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type .................................................................330

46.3.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP ...............................................................330

46.3.4 Modify Static VLAN ..............................................................................331

46.3.4.1 Modify a Static VLAN Table Example ..........................................331

46.3.4.2 Forwarding Process Example .....................................................331

46.3.5 Delete VLAN ID ....................................................................................332

47.1 Overview ........................................................................................................335

47.2 Create Multicast VLAN .................................................................................335

Chapter 48

Routing Domain Command Examples .............................................................. 337

48.0.1 interface route-domain ..........................................................................337

Chapter 49

Troubleshooting ................................................................................................... 339

49.1 Problems Starting Up the Switch ....................................................................339

49.2 Problems Accessing the Switch .....................................................................339

49.2.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ..........................340

49.2.1.1 Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers ..............................................340

49.2.1.2 JavaScripts ..................................................................................343

49.2.1.3 Java Permissions ........................................................................345

49.3 Problems with the Password ..........................................................................347

Appendix A

Product Specifications ........................................................................................ 349

Appendix B

IP Addresses and Subnetting ............................................................................. 355

Index...................................................................................................................... 363

20 Table of Contents

ES-4124 User’s Guide

List of Figures

Figure 1 Backbone Application ............................................................................. 31

Figure 2 Bridging Application ............................................................................... 32

Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application .............................. 33

Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ..................................................... 33

Figure 5 Attaching Rubber Feet ........................................................................... 35

Figure 6 Attaching the Mounting Brackets ............................................................ 36

Figure 7 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ............................................................. 37

Figure 8 Front Panel ............................................................................................ 39

Figure 9 Transceiver Installation Example ............................................................ 41

Figure 10 Installed Transceiver ............................................................................ 42

Figure 11 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ............................................ 42

Figure 12 Transceiver Removal Example ............................................................. 42

Figure 13 Rear Panel - AC Model ......................................................................... 43

Figure 14 Rear Panel - DC Model ........................................................................ 43

Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login ....................................................................... 47

Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .............................................. 48

Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password ................................................. 53

Figure 18 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port .......................................... 55

Figure 19 Web Configurator: Logout Screen ........................................................ 55

Figure 20 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface .......................................... 57

Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ................................................... 59

Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID .............................................. 60

Figure 23 Status .................................................................................................... 63

Figure 24 Status: Port Details ............................................................................... 65

Figure 25 System Info ........................................................................................... 70

Figure 26 General Setup ....................................................................................... 72

Figure 27 Switch Setup ......................................................................................... 74

Figure 28 IP Setup ................................................................................................. 76

Figure 29 Port Setup ............................................................................................. 78

Figure 30 Port VLAN Trunking .............................................................................. 83

Figure 31 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type .......................................................... 84

Figure 32 VLAN: VLAN Status .............................................................................. 84

Figure 33 Static VLAN Details ................................................................................ 85

Figure 34 VLAN: Static VLAN .............................................................................. 86

Figure 35 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ..................................................................... 87

Figure 36 Protocol Based VLAN Application Example .......................................... 89

Figure 37 Protocol Based VLAN ........................................................................... 90

Figure 38 Protocol Based VLAN Configuration Example ...................................... 91

List of Figures 21

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Figure 39 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) .............................................. 93

Figure 40 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ............................................... 94

Figure 41 Static MAC Forwarding ......................................................................... 98

Figure 42 Filtering ................................................................................................. 99

Figure 43 MRSTP Network Example .................................................................... 103

Figure 44 Spanning Tree Protocol RSTP and MRSTP .......................................... 104

Figure 45 RSTP: Configuration ............................................................................. 105

Figure 46 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol: Status .................................................. 107

Figure 47 MRSTP: Configuration .......................................................................... 108

Figure 48 MRSTP: Status ..................................................................................... 110

Figure 49 Bandwidth Control ................................................................................. 114

Figure 50 Broadcast Storm Control ....................................................................... 116

Figure 51 Mirroring ................................................................................................ 118

Figure 52 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................ 121

Figure 53 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration ................................. 122

Figure 54 RADIUS Server .................................................................................... 125

Figure 55 Port Authentication ................................................................................ 127

Figure 56 Port Authentication: RADIUS ................................................................ 127

Figure 57 Port Authentication: 802.1x ................................................................... 128

Figure 58 Port Security ......................................................................................... 132

Figure 59 Classifier ............................................................................................... 136

Figure 60 Classifier: Summary Table .................................................................... 138

Figure 61 Classifier: Example ............................................................................... 140

Figure 62 Policy ................................................................................................... 143

Figure 63 Policy: Summary Table ......................................................................... 145

Figure 64 Policy Example ..................................................................................... 147

Figure 65 Queuing Method ................................................................................... 151

Figure 66 VLAN Stacking Example ....................................................................... 154

Figure 67 VLAN Stacking ...................................................................................... 156

Figure 68 Multicast: Status .................................................................................... 160

Figure 69 Multicast: Setting ................................................................................... 161

Figure 70 Multicast: Setting: IGMP Filtering Profile .............................................. 163

Figure 71 MVR Network Example ......................................................................... 164

Figure 72 MVR Multicast Television Example ....................................................... 165

Figure 73 Multicast: Setting: MVR ......................................................................... 166

Figure 74 MVR: Group Configuration .................................................................... 168

Figure 75 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................. 169

Figure 76 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................. 169

Figure 77 MVR Group Configuration Example ..................................................... 170

Figure 78 MVR Group Configuration Example ...................................................... 170

Figure 79 Static Routing ........................................................................................ 171

Figure 80 RIP ........................................................................................................ 174

Figure 81 OSPF Network Example ........................................................................ 176

22 List of Figures

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Figure 82 OSPF Router Election Example ............................................................. 177

Figure 83 OSPF Status ......................................................................................... 178

Figure 84 OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings ......................... 180

Figure 85 OSPF Configuration: Area Setup .......................................................... 181

Figure 86 OSPF Configuration: Summary Table ................................................... 182

Figure 87 OSPF Interface ..................................................................................... 183

Figure 88 OSPF Virtual Link ................................................................................. 185

Figure 89 IGMP ..................................................................................................... 187

Figure 90 How DVMRP Works .............................................................................. 190

Figure 91 DVMRP ................................................................................................. 190

Figure 92 DVMRP: IGMP/RIP Not Set Error ......................................................... 191

Figure 93 DVMRP: Unable to Disable IGMP Error ............................................... 191

Figure 94 DVMRP: Duplicate VID Error Message ................................................ 192

Figure 95 IP Multicast ........................................................................................... 193

Figure 96 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field ..................................................... 195

Figure 97 DiffServ Network Example .................................................................... 196

Figure 98 DiffServ ................................................................................................. 196

Figure 99 DiffServ: DSCP Setting ......................................................................... 198

Figure 100 DHCP: DHCP Server Status ............................................................... 200

Figure 101 DHCP: Server .................................................................................... 201

Figure 102 DHCP Server Network Example ......................................................... 202

Figure 103 DHCP Server Configuration Example ................................................. 202

Figure 104 DHCP: Relay ....................................................................................... 203

Figure 105 DHCP Relay Network Example .......................................................... 204

Figure 106 DHCP Relay Configuration Example .................................................. 204

Figure 107 VRRP: Example 1 ............................................................................... 206

Figure 108 VRRP Status ....................................................................................... 207

Figure 109 VRRP Configuration: IP Interface ....................................................... 208

Figure 110 VRRP Configuration: VRRP Parameters ............................................ 210

Figure 111 VRRP Configuration: Summary ........................................................... 211

Figure 112 VRRP Configuration Example: One Virtual Router Network ............... 212

Figure 113 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch A ................. 212

Figure 114 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch B ................. 212

Figure 115 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch A ..................................... 213

Figure 116 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch B ..................................... 213

Figure 117 VRRP Configuration Example: Two Virtual Router Network ............... 213

Figure 118 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch A ... 214

Figure 119 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch B ... 214

Figure 120 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch A ..................................... 214

Figure 121 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch B ..................................... 214

Figure 122 Maintenance ...................................................................................... 215

Figure 123 Load Factory Default: Start ................................................................. 216

Figure 124 Reboot System: Confirmation ............................................................. 217

List of Figures 23

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Figure 125 Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................. 217

Figure 126 Restore Configuration ......................................................................... 218

Figure 127 Backup Configuration .......................................................................... 218

Figure 128 Access Control .................................................................................... 221

Figure 129 SNMP Management Model ................................................................ 222

Figure 130 Access Control: SNMP ....................................................................... 224

Figure 131 Access Control: Logins ....................................................................... 225

Figure 132 SSH Communication Example ............................................................. 226

Figure 133 How SSH Works .................................................................................. 227

Figure 134 HTTPS Implementation ........................................................................ 228

Figure 135 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ....................................... 229

Figure 136 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) ......................................................... 230

Figure 137 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) ......................................................... 230

Figure 138 Example: Lock Denoting a Secure Connection ................................... 231

Figure 139 Access Control: Service Access Control ............................................. 232

Figure 140 Access Control: Remote Management ............................................... 233

Figure 141 Diagnostic ........................................................................................... 235

Figure 142 Syslog ................................................................................................. 238

Figure 143 Syslog: Server Setup .......................................................................... 239

Figure 144 Clustering Application Example .......................................................... 242

Figure 145 Cluster Management: Status ............................................................... 243

Figure 146 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen ...... 244

Figure 147 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch ............... 245

Figure 148 Clustering Management Configuration .............................................. 246

Figure 149 MAC Table Flowchart .......................................................................... 249

Figure 150 MAC Table .......................................................................................... 250

Figure 151 IP Table Flowchart .............................................................................. 251

Figure 152 IP Table ............................................................................................... 252

Figure 153 ARP Table ........................................................................................... 254

Figure 154 Routing Table Status ........................................................................... 255

Figure 155 Configure Clone .................................................................................. 257

Figure 156 no port-access-authenticator Command Example .............................. 311

Figure 157 Pop-up Blocker .................................................................................... 340

Figure 158 Internet Options .................................................................................. 341

Figure 159 Internet Options ................................................................................... 342

Figure 160 Pop-up Blocker Settings ...................................................................... 343

Figure 161 Internet Options ................................................................................... 344

Figure 162 Security Settings - Java Scripting ........................................................ 345

Figure 163 Security Settings - Java ....................................................................... 346

Figure 164 Java (Sun) ............................................................................................ 347

24 List of Figures

ES-4124 User’s Guide

List of Tables

Table 1 Panel Connections ................................................................................... 39

Table 2 LEDs ......................................................................................................... 44

Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview ....................................................... 49

Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details ............................................. 50

Table 5 Navigation Panel Links ............................................................................. 50

Table 6 Status ........................................................................................................ 63

Table 7 Status: Port Details ................................................................................... 65

Table 8 System Info ............................................................................................... 70

Table 9 General Setup .......................................................................................... 72

Table 10 Switch Setup ........................................................................................... 74

Table 11 IP Setup .................................................................................................. 77

Table 12 Port Setup ............................................................................................... 78

Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology ............................................................ 82

Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status ................................................................................ 84

Table 15 Static VLAN Details ................................................................................ 85

Table 16 VLAN: Static VLAN ................................................................................. 86

Table 17 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ....................................................................... 88

Table 18 Protocol Based VLAN Setup .................................................................. 90

Table 19 Port Based VLAN Setup ......................................................................... 95

Table 20 Static MAC Forwarding ........................................................................... 98

Table 21 FIltering ................................................................................................... 99

Table 22 STP Path Costs ...................................................................................... 101

Table 23 STP Port States ...................................................................................... 102

Table 24 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status .............................................................. 104

Table 25 RSTP: Configuration ............................................................................... 106

Table 26 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol: Status .................................................... 107

Table 27 MRSTP: Configuration ............................................................................ 109

Table 28 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status .............................................................. 110

Table 29 Bandwidth Control .................................................................................. 114

Table 30 Broadcast Storm Control ........................................................................ 116

Table 31 Mirroring ................................................................................................. 118

Table 32 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch .......................................................... 120

Table 33 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ........................................................... 120

Table 34 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................... 121

Table 35 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration .................................. 122

Table 36 Supported VSA ....................................................................................... 126

Table 37 Supported Tunnel Protocol Attribute ....................................................... 126

Table 38 Port Authentication: RADIUS .................................................................. 127

List of Tables 25

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Table 39 Port Authentication: 802.1x .................................................................... 128

Table 40 Port Security ........................................................................................... 132

Table 41 Classifier ................................................................................................. 136

Table 42 Classifier: Summary Table ...................................................................... 138

Table 43 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Number ..................................... 138

Table 44 Common IP Ports ................................................................................... 139

Table 45 Policy ...................................................................................................... 143

Table 46 Policy: Summary Table ........................................................................... 145

Table 47 Queuing Method ..................................................................................... 152

Table 48 VLAN Tag Format ................................................................................... 154

Table 49 Single and Double Tagged 802.11Q Frame Format ............................... 155

Table 50 802.1Q Frame ........................................................................................ 155

Table 51 VLAN Stacking ........................................................................................ 156

Table 52 Multicast Status ...................................................................................... 160

Table 53 Multicast Setting ..................................................................................... 161

Table 54 Multicast: IGMP Filtering Profile ............................................................. 163

Table 55 MVR ........................................................................................................ 166

Table 56 MVR: Group Configuration ..................................................................... 168

Table 57 Static Routing ......................................................................................... 171

Table 58 RIP .......................................................................................................... 174

Table 59 OSPF vs. RIP ......................................................................................... 175

Table 60 OSPF: Router Types .............................................................................. 175

Table 61 OSPF Status ........................................................................................... 178

Table 62 OSPF Status: Common Output Fields .................................................... 178

Table 63 OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings ........................... 180

Table 64 OSPF Configuration: Area Setup ........................................................... 181

Table 65 OSPF Configuration: Summary Table .................................................... 182

Table 66 OSPF Interface ....................................................................................... 183

Table 67 OSPF Virtual Link ................................................................................... 185

Table 68 IGMP ...................................................................................................... 187

Table 69 DVMRP ................................................................................................... 191

Table 70 DVMRP: Default Timer Values ............................................................... 192

Table 71 IP Multicast ............................................................................................. 194

Table 72 DiffServ ................................................................................................... 196

Table 73 Default DSCP-IEEE802.1p Mapping ...................................................... 197

Table 74 DiffServ: DSCP Setting ........................................................................... 198

Table 75 DHCP: DHCP Server Status ................................................................... 200

Table 76 DHCP: Server ......................................................................................... 201

Table 77 DHCP: Relay .......................................................................................... 203

Table 78 VRRP Status ........................................................................................... 207

Table 79 VRRP Configuration: IP Interface ........................................................... 208

Table 80 VRRP Configuration: VRRP Parameters ................................................ 210

Table 81 VRRP Configuring: VRRP Parameters ................................................... 211

26 List of Tables

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Table 82 Maintenance ........................................................................................... 215

Table 83 Filename Conventions ............................................................................ 219

Table 84 Access Control Overview ....................................................................... 221

Table 85 SNMP Commands .................................................................................. 222

Table 86 SNMP Traps ........................................................................................... 223

Table 87 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................... 224

Table 88 Access Control: Logins ........................................................................... 225

Table 89 Access Control: Service Access Control ................................................ 232

Table 90 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................... 233

Table 91 Diagnostic ............................................................................................... 235

Table 92 Syslog Severity Levels ........................................................................... 237

Table 93 Syslog ..................................................................................................... 238

Table 94 Syslog: Server Setup .............................................................................. 239

Table 95 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications ....................................... 241

Table 96 Cluster Management: Status .................................................................. 243

Table 97 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ............................................... 245

Table 98 Clustering Management Configuration ................................................... 246

Table 99 MAC Table .............................................................................................. 250

Table 100 IP Table ................................................................................................. 252

Table 101 ARP Table ............................................................................................. 254

Table 102 Routing Table Status ............................................................................. 255

Table 103 Configure Clone .................................................................................... 257

Table 104 Command Interpreter Mode Summary ................................................. 262

Table 105 Command Summary: User Mode ........................................................ 266

Table 106 Command Summary: Enable Mode ..................................................... 267

Table 107 Command Summary: Configuration Mode ........................................... 273

Table 108 interface port-channel Commands ....................................................... 289

Table 109 interface route-domain Commands ...................................................... 293

Table 110 Command Summary: config-vlan Commands ...................................... 294

Table 111 Command Summary: mvr Commands .................................................. 295

Table 112 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch ........................................ 339

Table 113 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch ................................................. 339

Table 114 Troubleshooting the Password ............................................................. 347

Table 115 Firmware Features ................................................................................ 349

Table 116 General Product Specifications ............................................................. 351

Table 117 Management Specifications .................................................................. 352

Table 118 Physical and Environmental Specifications ........................................... 353

Table 119 Classes of IP Addresses ....................................................................... 356

Table 120 Allowed IP Address Range By Class .................................................... 356

Table 121 “Natural” Masks ................................................................................... 357

Table 122 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ........................................................ 357

Table 123 Two Subnets Example .......................................................................... 358

Table 124 Subnet 1 ............................................................................................... 358

List of Tables 27

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Table 125 Subnet 2 ............................................................................................... 359

Table 126 Subnet 1 ............................................................................................... 359

Table 127 Subnet 2 ............................................................................................... 360

Table 128 Subnet 3 ............................................................................................... 360

Table 129 Subnet 4 ............................................................................................... 360

Table 130 Eight Subnets ....................................................................................... 361

Table 131 Class C Subnet Planning ...................................................................... 361

Table 132 Class B Subnet Planning ...................................................................... 362

28 List of Tables

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Preface

Congratulations on your purchase of the ES-4124 Ethernet Switch.

This preface introduces you to the ES-4124 Ethernet Switch and discusses the conventions of
this User’s Guide. It also provides information on other related documentation.

About This User's Guide

This manual is designed to guide you through the installation and configuration of your
ES-4124 for its various applications.

Related Documentation

• Web Configurator Online Help

Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.

• ZyXEL Web Site

Please refer to www.zyxel.com for additional support documentation.

Syntax Conventions

• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters. “Select” or “Choose” means for
you to use one of the predefined choices.

• Command and arrow keys are enclosed in square brackets.
carriage return key;

• Mouse action sequences are denoted using a comma. For example, “In Windows, click
Start, Settings and then Control Panel” means first click the Start button, then point
your mouse pointer to Settings and then click Control Panel.

• For brevity’s sake, we will use “e.g.,” as a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” for
“that is” or “in other words” throughout this manual.

• The ES-4124 Ethernet Switch may be referred to as “the switch”, “the router” or “the
device” in this User’s Guide.

[ESC] means the Escape key and [SPACE BAR] means the Space Bar.

[ENTER] means the Enter, or

Preface 29

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Graphics Icons Key

ES-4124 Computer Server

Computer DSLAM Router

Central Office/ ISP Internet Hub/Switch

User Guide Feedback

Help us help you. E-mail all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to [e-mail] or send regular mail to The Technical Writing
Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. Thank you.

30 Preface

Getting to Know Your Switch

This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the switch.

1.1 Introduction

The ES-4124 is a stand-alone layer 3 Ethernet switch with 24 10/100Mbps ports, two RJ-45
Gigabit ports for stacking and 2 GbE dual personality interfaces for uplink as well as a console
port and a management port for local management. A dual personality interface includes one
Gigabit port and one slot for a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module) with one port active at a
time.

With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the switch is easy. In addition,
the switch can also be managed via Telnet, any terminal emulator program on the console port,
or third-party SNMP management.

ES-4124 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 1

See Appendix A on page 281 for a full list of software features available on the switch.

1.1.1 Backbone Application

The switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can be expected in the
near future. The switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can
connect computers and servers directly to the switch’s port or connect other switches to the
switch.

In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the
network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print
servers etc.

Figure 1 Backbone Application

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 31

ES-4124 User’s Guide

1.1.2 Bridging Example

In this example application the switch connects different company departments (RD and
Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server

and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed
department servers via the switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a
Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the switch.

Moreover, the switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to
centralize multiple servers at a single location.

Figure 2 Bridging Application

1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example

The switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following
example, use trunking to connect these two networks.

Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not
feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and
adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The switch can provide
the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters
and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely
communicate with each other.

32 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application

1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples

A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from
stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.

ES-4124 User’s Guide

For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 8 on page 81.

1.1.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example

Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network
performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by
adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.

Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server. In
the following figure only ports that need access to the server need to be part of VLAN 1. Ports
can belong to other VLAN groups too.

Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 33

ES-4124 User’s Guide

34 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

Hardware Installation and

This chapter shows you how to install and connect the switch.

2.1 Freestanding Installation

1 Make sure the switch is clean and dry.

2 Set the switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the

switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.

3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the switch to allow air circulation and the

attachment of cables and the power cord.

ES-4124 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 2

Connection

4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.

5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the switch. These rubber feet help

protect the switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when
stacking.

Figure 5 Attaching Rubber Feet

Note: Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when

stacking.

For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 35

ES-4124 User’s Guide

2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the
installation steps.

2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements

• Two mounting brackets.

• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.

• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.

Note: Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.

2.2.1.1 Precautions

• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.

• Make sure the position of the switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take
all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.

2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch

1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the switch, lining up the four screw holes on

the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the switch.

Figure 6 Attaching the Mounting Brackets

2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting

bracket holes into the switch.

3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the

switch.

4 You may now mount the switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.

2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the switch) on one side of the

rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.

36 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection

Figure 7 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

ES-4124 User’s Guide

2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting

bracket holes into the rack.

3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 37

ES-4124 User’s Guide

38 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection

This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the switch and shows you how to make
the hardware connections.

3.1 Panel Connections

The figure below shows the front panel of the switch.

Figure 8 Front Panel

ES-4124 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 3

Hardware Overview

RJ-45 Gigabit Ports for stacking

LEDs

10/100 Mbps Ethernet Ports

The following table describes the ports on the panels.

Table 1 Panel Connections

CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION

24 10/100
Mbps RJ-45
Ethernet Ports

Two 100/1000
Mbps RJ-45
Gigabit Ports

Two Du al
Personality
Interfaces

Connect these ports to a computer, a hub, an Ethernet switch or router.

Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet
switches or use them to daisy-chain other switches.

Each interface has one 1000 Base-T copper RJ-45 port and one Small Form-Factor
Pluggable (SFP) fiber port, with one port active at a time.

• 2 100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 Gigabit Ports:
Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network

Ethernet switches.

•2 Mini-GBIC Ports:
Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optic connections to backbone

Ethernet switches.

Console Port

Management Port

RJ-45 Gigabit / Mini-GBIC
Dual Personality Interfaces

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 39

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Table 1 Panel Connections (continued)

CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION

Console Port Only connect this port if you want to configure the switch using the command line

Management
Port

3.1.1 Console Port

For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured
to the following parameters:

• VT100 terminal emulation

• 9600 bps

• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit

• No flow control

Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the switch. Connect the
female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.

interface (CLI) via the console port.

Connect to a computer using an RJ-45 Ethernet cable for local configuration of the
switch.

3.1.2 Ethernet Ports

The switch has 24 10/100Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Ethernet ports. In 10/
100Mbps Fast Ethernet, the speed can be 10Mbps or 100Mbps and the duplex mode can be
half duplex or full duplex.

There are two Dual Personality interfaces (Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports). The mini­GBIC ports have priority over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the
corresponding Gigabit port are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.
The speed of the Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports can be 100Mbps or 1000Mbps and the
duplex mode can be half duplex (at 100 Mbps) or full duplex.

An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed (100/
1000Mpbs) and duplex mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.

An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or
crossover Ethernet cable.

3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings

The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the switch are:

• Speed: Auto

• Duplex: Auto

• Flow control: Off

40 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots

These are slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a
single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. The switch does not come with
transceivers. You must use transceivers that comply with the SFP Transceiver MultiSource
Agreement (MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i specification Rev 1.0 for details.

There are two pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have priority
over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding Gigabit port
are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.

You can change transceivers while the switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.

• Type: SFP connection interface

• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)

Note: To avoid possible eye injury, do not look into an operating fiber-optic module’s

connectors.

ES-4124 User’s Guide

3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation

Use the following steps to install a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).

1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.

Figure 9 Transceiver Installation Example

2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.

3 The switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that

it is functioning properly.

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 41

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Figure 10 Installed Transceiver

3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal

Use the following steps to remove a mini GBIC transceiver (SFP module).

1 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).

Figure 11 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example

2 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.

Figure 12 Transceiver Removal Example

3.2 Rear Panel

The following figures show the rear panels of the AC and DC power input model switches.
The rear panel contains a connector for backup power supply (BPS) and the power receptacle.
For the DC power input model, it also contains the power switch.

42 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

Figure 13 Rear Panel - AC Model

Figure 14 Rear Panel - DC Model

3.2.1 Power Connector

Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.

ES-4124 User’s Guide

To connect the power to the ES-4124 AC unit, insert the female end of power cord to the
power receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to a
100~240V AC, 1.5A power outlet. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.

The ES-4124 DC unit requires DC power supply input of -48V DC to -60V DC, 1.5A Max no
tolerance. To connect the power to the unit, insert one end of the supplied power cord to the
power receptacle on the rear panel and the other end to a power outlet. Make sure that no
objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.

3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector

The switch supports external backup power supply (BPS).

The backup power supply constantly monitors the status of the internal power supply. The
backup power supply automatically provides power to the switch in the event of a power
failure. Once the switch receives power from the backup power supply, it will not
automatically switch back to using the internal power supply even when the power is resumed.

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 43

ES-4124 User’s Guide

3.3 LEDs

The following table describes the LEDs.

Table 2 LEDs

LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION

BPS Green Blinking The system is receiving power from the backup power supply.

PWR Green On The system is turned on.

SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.

ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.

Ethernet Ports

LNK/ACT Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 10 Mbps Ethernet

FDX Amber On The Ethernet port is negotiating in full-duplex mode.

Gigabit Port

LNK/ACT Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 10/1000 Mbps

FDX Amber On The Ethernet port is negotiating in full-duplex mode.

GBIC Slots

LNK Green On The port has a successful connection.

ACT Green Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data.

MGMT

On The backup power supply is connected and active.

Off The backup power supply is not ready or not active.

Off The system is off.

On The system is on and functioning properly.

Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.

Off The system is functioning normally.

network.

On The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 100 Mbps Ethernet

network.

On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.

Off The Ethernet port is negotiating in half-duplex mode.

Ethernet network.

On The link to a 10/1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from a 100 Mbps Ethernet

network.

On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.

Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.

Off The Ethernet port is negotiating in half-duplex mode.

Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port.

44 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Table 2 LEDs (continued)

LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION

10 Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.

On The port is connected at 10 Mbps.

Off The port is not connected at 10 Mbps or to an Ethernet device.

100 Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.

On The port is connected at 100 Mbps.

Off The port is not connected at 100 Mbps or to an Ethernet device.

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 45

ES-4124 User’s Guide

46 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.

4.1 Introduction

The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy switch setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.

In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:

• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by
default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.

• JavaScript (enabled by default).

• Java permissions (enabled by default).

ES-4124 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 4

The Web Configurator

4.2 System Login

1 Start your web browser.

2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the switch (for example, the default is 192.168.1.1) in

the Location or Address field. Press [ENTER].

3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default

password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time
server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.

Figure 15 Web Configurator: Login

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 47

ES-4124 User’s Guide

4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.

4.3 The Status Screen

The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.

The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.

Figure 16 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)

B

C

DE

A

A - Click the menu items to open submenu links, and then click on a submenu link to open the
screen in the main window.

B, C, D, E - These are quick links which allow you to perform certain tasks no matter which
screen you are currently working in.

B - Click this link to save your configuration into the switch’s nonvolatile memory.
Nonvolatile memory is saved in the configuration file from which the switch booted from and
it stays the same even if the switch’s power is turned off. See Section 32.3 on page 216 for
information on saving your settings to a specific configuration file.

C - Click this link to go to the status page of the switch.

D - Click this link to logout of the web configurator.

E - Click this link to display web help pages. The help pages provide descriptions for all of the

configuration screens.

48 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.

Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview

ES-4124 User’s Guide

BASIC SETTING

ADVANCED
APPLICATION

IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 49

ES-4124 User’s Guide

The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.

Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details

BASIC SETTING

System Info
General Setup
Switch Setup
IP Setup
Port Setup

ADVANCED
APPLICATION

VLAN

VLAN Status
VLAN Port Setting
Protocol Based VLAN

Static VLAN
Static MAC Forwarding
Filtering
Spanning Tree Protocol

Status

RSTP

MRSTP
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm Control
Mirroring
Link Aggregation

Status

Configuration
Port Authentication

RADIUS

802.1x
Port Security
Classifier
Policy Rule
Queuing Method
VLAN Stacking
Multicast

Multicast Setting
Multicast Status
IGMP Filtering Profile
MVR
Group Configuration

IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT

Static Routing
RIP
OSPF Status

OSPF Configuration
OSPF Interface

OSPF Virtual Link
IGMP
DVMRP
IP Multicast
DiffServ

DSCP Setting
DHCP Server Status

DHCP Server

DHCP Relay
VRRP

Status

VRRP Configuration

Maintenance

Firmware Upgrade
Restore Configuration
Backup Configuration
Load Factory Default
Save Configuration
Reboot System

Access Control

SNMP
Logins
Service Access Control

Remote Management
Diagnostic
Syslog

Syslog Setup

Server Setup
Cluster Management

Status

Configuration
MAC Table
IP Table
ARP Table
Routing Table
Configure Clone

The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.

Table 5 Navigation Panel Links

LINK DESCRIPTION

Basic Settings

System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware

General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification

50 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

monitoring information.

information about the switch.

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)

LINK DESCRIPTION

Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global switch parameters such

as VLAN type, MAC address learning, IGMP snooping, GARP and priority queues.

IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IP address, subnet

mask (necessary for switch management) and DNS (domain name server) and set
up to 64 IP routing domains.

Port Setup This link takes you to screens where you can configure settings for individual switch

Advanced Application

VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q VLAN

Static MAC
Forwarding

Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.

Spanning Tree
Protocol

Bandwidth
Control

Broadcast Storm
Control

Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports to

Link Aggregation This link takes you to a screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to

Port
Authentication

Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate MAC address learning and

Classifier This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the switch to group packets

Policy Rule This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the switch to perform

Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure queuing with associated

VLAN Stacking This link takes you to a screen where you can configure VLAN stacking.

Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure various multicast features

IP Application

Static Route This link takes you to screens where you can configure static routes. A static route

RIP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the RIP (Routing

OSPF This link takes you to screens where you can view the OSPF status and configure

ports.

(depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu). You can also
configure a protocol based VLAN in these screens.

This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses for a
port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.

This link takes you to screens where you can configure the RSTP/MRSTP to
prevent network loops.

This link takes you to screens where you can cap the maximum bandwidth allowed
from specified source(s) to specified destination(s).

This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.

another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without
interference

form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.

This link takes you to a screen where you can configure RADIUS (Remote
Authentication Dial-In User Service), a protocol for user authentication that allows
you to use an external server to validate an unlimited number of users.

set the maximum number of MAC addresses to learn on a port.

based on the specified criteria.

special treatment on the grouped packets.

queue weights for each port.

and create multicast VLANs.

defines how the switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP parameters
manually.

Information Protocol) direction and versions.

OSPF settings.

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 51

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)

LINK DESCRIPTION

IGMP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IGMP settings.

DVMRP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the DVMRP (Distance

IP Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the switch to remove VLAN

DiffServ This link takes you to screens where you can enable DiffServ, configure marking

DHCP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the DHCP settings.

VRRP This link takes you to screens where you can configure redundant virtual router for

Management

Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration

Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password

Diagnostic This link takes you to screens where you can view system logs and test port(s).

Syslog This link takes you to screens where you can setup system logs and a system log

Cluster
Management

MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses (and types)

IP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the IP addresses (and types) of

ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses – IP

Routing Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the routing table.

Configure Clone This link takes you to a screen where you can copy attributes of one port to other

Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) settings.

tags from IP multicast packets on an out-going port.

rules and set DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p mappings.

your network.

file maintenance as well as reboot the system.

and configure SNMP and remote management.

server.

This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management
and view its status.

of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.

devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.

address resolution table.

ports.

4.3.1 Change Your Password

After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator
password. Click Management, Access Control and then Logins to display the next screen.

52 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

Figure 17 Change Administrator Login Password

4.4 Saving Your Configuration

ES-4124 User’s Guide

When you are done modifying the settings in a screen, click Apply to save your changes back
to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the switch’s power is
turned off.

Click the Save link in the upper right hand corner of the web configurator to save your
configuration to nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory refers to the switch’s storage that
remains even if the switch’s power is turned off.

Note: Use the Save link when you are done with a configuration session.

4.5 Switch Lockout

You could block yourself (and all others) from using in-band-management (managing through
the data ports) if you do one of the following:

1 Delete the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).

2 Delete all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the

management port of the switch.

3 Filter all traffic to the CPU port.

4 Disable all ports.

5 Misconfigure the text configuration file.

6 Forget the password and/or IP address.

7 Prevent all services from accessing the switch.

8 Change a service port number but forget it.

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 53

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Note: Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the switch. If you do lock

yourself out, try using out-of-band management (via the management port) to
configure the switch.

4.6 Resetting the Switch

If you lock yourself (and others) from the switch or forget the administrator password, you
will need to reload the factory-default configuration file or reset the switch back to the factory
defaults.

4.6.1 Reload the Configuration File

Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the
factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations
and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no
parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and
the IP address to 192.168.1.1.

To upload the configuration file, do the following:

1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See

Section 3.1.1 on page 40 for details.

2 Disconnect and reconnect the switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect the

switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.

3 When you see the message “

seconds ...

4 Type

5 Wait for the “

6 After a configuration file upload, type

atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.

upload on your terminal.

” press any key to enter debug mode.

Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM

Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3

atgo to restart the switch.

54 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Figure 18 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port

Bootbase Version: V0.8 | 03/14/2006
RAM:Size = 64 Mbytes
FLASH: Intel 32M
ZyNOS Version: V3.70(AIF.0)b1 | 06/17/2006
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.

....................

Enter Debug Mode
ES-4124> atlc

Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Total 393216 bytes received.
Erasing..

................................................................

OK
ES-4124> atgo

The switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default password
of “1234”.

4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator

Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password
again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session for
security reasons.

Figure 19 Web Configurator: Logout Screen

4.8 Help

The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.

Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that
screen.

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 55

ES-4124 User’s Guide

56 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

This chapter shows how to set up the switch for an example network.

5.1 Overview

The following lists the configuration steps for the example network:

• Configure an IP interface

• Configure DHCP server settings

• Create a VLAN

• Set port VLAN ID

• Enable RIP

ES-4124 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 5

Initial Setup Example

5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface

On a layer-3 switch, an IP interface (also known as an IP routing domain) is not bound to a
physical port. The default IP address of the switch is 192.168.1.1 with a subnet mask of

255.255.255.0.

In the example network, since the RD network is already in the same IP interface as the
switch, you don’t need to create an IP interface for it. However, if you want to have the Sales
network on a different routing domain, you need to create a new IP interface. This allows the
switch to route traffic between the RD and Sales networks.

Figure 20 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface

1 Connect your computer to the MGMT port that is used only for management. Make sure

your computer is in the same subnet as the MGMT port.

Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 57

ES-4124 User’s Guide

2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.0.1 (the default MGMT port IP address) in

the address bar to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 47 for more
information.

3 Click Basic Setting and IP Setup

in the navigation panel.

4 Configure the related fields in the

IP Setup screen.

For the Sales network, enter

192.168.2.1 as the IP address and

255.255.255.0 as the subnet mask.

5 In the VID field, enter the ID of

the VLAN group to which you
want this IP interface to belong.
This is the same as the VLAN ID
you configure in the Static VLAN
screen.

6 Click Add to save the settings to

the run-time memory. Settings in
the run-time memory are lost
when the switch’s power is turned
off.

5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings

You can set the switch to assign network information (such as the IP address, DNS server,
etc.) to DHCP clients on the network.

For the example network, configure two DHCP client pools on the switch for the DHCP
clients in the RD and Sales networks.

1 In the web configurator, click IP

Application and DHCP in the

navigation panel and click the
Server link.

2 In the DHCP Server screen,

specify the ID of the VLAN to
which the DHCP clients belong,
the starting IP address pool,
subnet mask, default gateway
address and the DNS server
address(es).

3 Click Add to save the settings to

the run-time memory. Settings in
the run-time memory are lost
when the switch’s power is turned off.

58 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example

5.1.3 Creating a VLAN

VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can
do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.

In this example, you want to configure port 1 as a member of VLAN 2.

Figure 21 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN

ES-4124 User’s Guide

1 Click Advanced Application and VLAN in the navigation panel and click the Static

VLAN link.

2 In the Static VLAN screen, select

ACTIVE, enter a descriptive name
in the Name field and enter 2 in the
VLAN Group ID field for the
VLAN2 network.

Note: The VLAN Group ID field in

this screen and the VID field
in the IP Setup screen refer
to the same VLAN ID.

Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 59

ES-4124 User’s Guide

3 Since the VLAN2 network is connected to port 1 on the switch, select Fixed to configure

port 1 to be a permanent member of the VLAN only.

4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware devices (such as computers and hubs) can receive frames

properly, clear the TX Tagging check box to set the switch to remove VLAN tags before
sending.

5 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory

are lost when the switch’s power is turned off.

5.1.4 Setting Port VID

Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames
are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.

In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 1 so that any untagged frames
received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.

Figure 22 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID

1 Click Advanced Applications

and VLAN in the navigation
panel. Then click the VLAN
Port Setting link.

2 Enter 2 in the PVID field for port

1 and click Apply to save your
changes back to the run-time
memory. Settings in the run-time
memory are lost when the
switch’s power is turned off.

5.1.5 Enabling RIP

To exchange routing information with other routing devices across different routing domains,
enable RIP (Routing Information Protocol) in the RIP screen.

1 Click IP Application and RIP in the navigation panel.

60 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example

ES-4124 User’s Guide

2 Select Both in the Direction

field to set the switch to
broadcast and receive routing
information.

3 In the Ver si on field, select

RIP-1 for the RIP packet

format that is universally
supported.

4 Click Apply to save your

changes back to the run-time
memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the switch’s power is turned off.

Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 61

ES-4124 User’s Guide

62 Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example

This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details
screens.

6.1 Overview

The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary with links to each
port showing statistical details.

ES-4124 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 6

System Status and Port

Statistics

6.2 Port Status Summary

To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Status
screen as shown next.

Figure 23 Status

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 6 Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details

Name This is the name you assigned to this port in the Basic Setting, Port Setup screen.

Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M

Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 63

screen (refer to Figure 24 on page 65).

for 1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half). It also shows the cable
type (Copper or Fiber) for the combo ports.

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Table 6 Status (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

State If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the

LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been

TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.

RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.

Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.

Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.

Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.

Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has

Clear Counter Enter a port number and then click Clear Counter to erase the recorded statistical

port (see Section 11.1.3 on page 102 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it

displays STOP.

enabled on the port.

been up.

information for that port, or select Any to clear statistics for all ports.

6.2.1 Status: Port Details

Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics.
Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the
switch.

64 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics

Figure 24 Status: Port Details

ES-4124 User’s Guide

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 7 Status: Port Details

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Port Info

Port NO. This field displays the port number you are viewing.

Name This field displays the name of the port.

Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M for

Status If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the port

LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.

TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port

RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port

Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.

1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half duplex). It also shows the
cable type (Copper or Fiber).

(see Section 11.1.3 on page 102 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it

displays STOP.

Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 65

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Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Tx KB/s This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.

Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.

Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.

Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.

TX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)

Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.

Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.

Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.

Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags transmitted.

Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets received.

RX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)

Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.

Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.

Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.

Control This field shows the number of control packets received (including those with CRC

TX Collision
The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.

Single This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission is inhibited

Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission was inhibited

Excessive This is a count of packets for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.

Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the

Error Packet The following fields display detailed information about packets received that were in

RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check)

Length This field shows the number of packets received with a length that was out of range.

Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64

Distribution

64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64

65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were

transmitted.

received.

error) but it does not include the 802.3x Pause packets.

by exactly one collision.

by more than one collision.

Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the
retransmission count is reset.

packets have already been transmitted.

error.

error(s).

octets), including the ones with CRC errors.

octets in length.

between 65 and 127 octets in length.

66 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics

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Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were

between 128 and 255 octets in length.

256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were

between 256 and 511 octets in length.

512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were

between 512 and 1023 octets in length.

1024-1518 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were

between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.

Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the

maximum frame size.

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68 Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics

This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP
Setup and Port Setup screens.

7.1 Overview

The System Info screen displays general switch information (such as firmware version
number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen
allows you to configure general switch identification information. The General Setup screen
also allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an
external server when you turn on your switch. The real time is then displayed in the switch
logs. The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global switch features. The
IP Setup screen allows you to configure a switch IP address in each routing domain, subnet
mask(s) and DNS (domain name server) for management purposes.

ES-4124 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 7

Basic Setting

7.2 System Information

In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting and System Info to display the screen as shown.
You can check the firmware version number and monitor the switch temperature, fan speeds
and voltage in this screen.

Chapter 7 Basic Setting 69

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Figure 25 System Info

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 8 System Info

LABEL DESCRIPTION

System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the switch for identification purposes.

ZyNOS F/W
Version

Ethernet
Address

Hardware Monitor

Temperature
Unit

Temperature MAC, CPU and PHY refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the switch

Current This shows the current temperature in degrees centigrade at this sensor.

MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.

MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.

Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.

Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those

This field displays the version number of the switch 's current firmware including the
date created.

This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the switch.

The switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the
temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit
(Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.

printed circuit board.

above.

70 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

Table 8 System Info (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

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Fan Speed
(RPM)

Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).

MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute

MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute

Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.

Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error

Voltage(V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and

Current This is the current voltage reading.

MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.

MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.

Threshold This field displays the percentage tolerance of the voltage with which the switch still

Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this point;

A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently
ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the
temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.

(RPM).

(RPM). "<41" is displayed for speeds too small to measure (under 2000 RPM).

indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.

reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.

works.

otherwise Error is displayed.

7.3 General Setup

Use this screen to configure general settings such as the system name and time. Click Basic
Setting and General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.

Chapter 7 Basic Setting 71

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Figure 26 General Setup

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 9 General Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to

64 printable characters; spaces are allowed.

Location Enter the geographic location of your switch. You can use up to 32 printable ASCII

Contact Person's
Name

Login
Precedence

characters; spaces are allowed.

Enter the name of the person in charge of this switch. You can use up to 32
printable ASCII characters; spaces are allowed.

Use this drop-down list box to select which database the switch should use (first) to
authenticate an administrator (user for switch management).

Configure the local user accounts in the Access Control Logins screen. The
RADIUS is an external server. Before you specify the priority, make sure you have
set up the corresponding database correctly first.

Select Local Only to have the switch just check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen.

Select Local then RADIUS to have the switch check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen. If the user name is not found, the
switch then checks the user database on the specified RADIUS server. You need to
configure Port Authentication Radius first.

Select RADIUS Only to have the switch just check the user database on the
specified RADIUS server for a login username, password and the access privilege.

72 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

Table 9 General Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Use Time Server
when Bootup

Time Server IP
Address

Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).

New Time
(hh:min:ss)

Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.

New Date (yyyy­mm-dd)

Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

Enter the time service protocol that your timeserver uses. Not all time servers
support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to find a protocol that
works. The main differences between them are the time format.

When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the switch displays the day,
month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format it is
recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time
zone.

Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of seconds
since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.

NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868).
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the

switch, the time and date will be reset to 1970-1-1 0:0.

Enter the IP address of your timeserver. The switch searches for the timeserver for
up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen
will appear locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.

Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears
in the Current Time field after you click Apply.

Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in
the Current Date field after you click Apply.

known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list
box.

loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.

7.4 Introduction to VLANs

A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.

In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security
among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from
accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the
printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.

VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast
packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a
specific broadcast domain.

Chapter 7 Basic Setting 73

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Note: VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.

See Chapter 8 on page 81 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.

7.5 Switch Setup Screen

Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port

Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.

Figure 27 Switch Setup

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 10 Switch Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on

Bridge Control
Protocol
Transparency

MAC Address
Learning

Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC

GARP Timer: Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All message
terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See the chapter on VLAN
setup for more background information.

74 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen.
See Chapter 8 on page 81 for more information.

Select Active to allow the switch to handle bridging control protocols (STP for
example). You also need to define how to treat a BPDU in the Port Setup screen.

MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address
learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.

addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be
relearned).

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Table 10 Switch Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each

port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and
65535 milliseconds; the default is 200 milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup
for more background information.

Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.

Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger
than Join Timer; the default is 600 milliseconds.

Leave All Timer Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in

milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be
larger than Leave Timer.

Priority Queue Assignment
IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that

contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default
priority of the ingress port. Use the next two fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue
mapping.

The switch has eight physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the switch, traffic
assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the
network is congested.

Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).

Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.

Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the

variations in delay).

Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.

Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems

Network Architecture) transactions.

Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include

Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.

Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that

Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.

are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.

7.6 IP Setup

Use the IP Setup screen to configure the default gateway device, the default domain name
server and add IP domains.

Chapter 7 Basic Setting 75

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7.6.1 IP Interfaces

The switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP
address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.

On the switch, as a layer-3 device, an IP address is not bound to any physical ports. Since each
IP address on the switch must be in a separate subnet, the configured IP address is also known
as IP interface (or routing domain). In addition, this allows routing between subnets based on
the IP address without additional routers.

You can configure multiple routing domains on the same VLAN as long as the IP address
ranges for the domains do not overlap. To change the IP address of the switch in a routing
domain, simply add a new routing domain entry with a different IP address in the same subnet.

Figure 28 IP Setup

76 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Tabl e 11 IP Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

ES-4124 User’s Guide

Default
Gateway

Domain Name
Server

Default
Management

Management IP Address
Use these fields to set the settings for the out-of-band management port.

IP Address Enter the out-of-band management IP address of your switch in dotted decimal

IP Subnet
Mask

Default
Gateway

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

IP Interface
Use these fields to create or edit IP routing domains on the switch.

IP Address Enter the IP address of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example

IP Subnet
Mask

VID Enter the VLAN identification number to which an IP routing domain belongs.

Add Click Add to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

Index This field displays the index number of an entry.

IP Address This field displays IP address of the switch in the IP domain.

Subnet Mask This field displays the subnet mask of the switch in the IP domain.

VID This field displays the VLAN identification number of the IP domain on the switch.

Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.1.254.

DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to
use a domain name instead of an IP address.

Specify which traffic flow (In-Band or Out-of-band) the switch is to send packets
originating from itself (such as SNMP traps) or packets with unknown source.

Select Out-of-band to have the switch send the packets to the management port
labelled MGMT. This means that device(s) connected to the other port(s) do not
receive these packets.

Select In-Band to have the switch send the packets to all ports except the
management port (labelled MGMT) to which connected device(s) do not receive these
packets.

notation. For example, 192.168.0.1.

Enter the IP subnet mask of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example

255.255.255.0.

Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.0.254

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.

192.168.1.1. This is the IP address of the switch in an IP routing domain.

Enter the IP subnet mask of an IP routing domain in dotted decimal notation. For
example, 255.255.255.0.

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.

Chapter 7 Basic Setting 77

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Tabl e 11 IP Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

7.7 Port Setup

Use this screen to configure switch port settings.Click Basic Setting and then Port Setup in
the navigation panel to display the configuration screen.

Figure 29 Port Setup

Note: Deleting all IP subnets locks you out from the switch.

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 12 Port Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Port This is the port index number.

* Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you

make them.

Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A

port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.

78 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

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Table 12 Port Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Name Enter a descriptive name that identifies this port. You can enter up to 64 alpha-

numerical characters.

Note: Due to space limitation, the port name may be truncated in

some web configurator screens.

Type This field displays 10/100M for an Ethernet/Fast Ethernet connection and 10/100/

1000M for Gigabit connections.

Speed/Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the Ethernet connection on this port.

Choices are Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex, 100M/
Full Duplex and 1000M/Full Duplex (for Gigabit ports only).

Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port
automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends support.
When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the switch negotiates with the peer
automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer port
does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the switch determines the
connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode.
When the switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the pre-configured speed
and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the
settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.

Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer

memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate
transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.

The switch uses IEEE802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and backpressure flow
control in half duplex mode.

IEEE802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the
sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port
memory buffers fill.

Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision"
signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending
port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to
enable it.

802.1p Priority This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag.
See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 10 on page 74 for more information.

BPDU Control Configure the way to treat BPDUs received on this port. You must activate bridging

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

control protocol transparency in the Switch Setup screen first.
Select Peer to process any BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) received on this port.
Select Tun nel to forward BPDUs received on this port.
Select Discard to drop any BPDU received on this port.
Select Network to process a BPDU with no VLAN tag and forward a tagged BPDU.

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.

Chapter 7 Basic Setting 79

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80 Chapter 7 Basic Setting

ES-4124 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 8

The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup
screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs.

8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs

A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were
created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The
VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches
need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an
untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the
type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts
after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).

VLAN

The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet
switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not
be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID,
giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID
are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a
priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the
ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to
identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.

TPID
2 Bytes

User Priority
3 Bits

CFI
1 Bit

VLAN ID
12 bits

8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames

Each port on the switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's
default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.

A broadcast frame (or a multicast frame for a multicast group that is known by the system) is
duplicated only on ports that are members of the VID (except the ingress port itself), thus
confining the broadcast to a specific domain.

Chapter 8 VLAN 81

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8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration

GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across
switches.

8.2.1 GARP

GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and de­register attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a
protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific
application, for example, GVRP.

8.2.1.1 GARP Timers

Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.

8.2.2 GVRP

GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for
switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this
function to permit VLANs groups beyond the local switch.

Please refer to the following table for common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology.

Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology

VLAN PARAMETER TE RM DESCRIPTION

VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.

VLAN Administrative
Control

VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing

Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/

deregistration process.

Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.

Registration
Forbidden

Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.

Untagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN don't tag all

Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the
specified VLAN.

frames transmitted.

outgoing frames transmitted.

82 Chapter 8 VLAN

Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology (continued)

VLAN PARAMETER TERM DESCRIPTION

VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that

Acceptable Frame
Typ e

Ingress filtering If set, the switch discards incoming frames for VLANs

8.3 Port VLAN Trunking

Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to
pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices
without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.

Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2 (V1 and V2)
on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN groups 1 and 2 on
all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with unknown VLAN
group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch
you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically
allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those
switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).

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this port received.

You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged
incoming frames, just tagged incoming frames or just
untagged incoming frames on a port.

that do not have this port as a member

Figure 30 Port VLAN Trunking

8.4 Select the VLAN Type

Select a VLAN type in the Switch Setup screen.

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Figure 31 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type

8.5 Static VLAN

Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be

• sent to a VLAN group as normal depending on its VLAN tag.

• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.

• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.

You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the
specified VID.

8.5.1 Static VLAN Status

See Section 8.1 on page 81 for more information on Static VLAN. Click Advanced
Application, VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status screen as shown

next.

Figure 32 VLAN: VLAN Status

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION

The Number of
VLAN

Index This is the VLAN index number. Click on an index number to view more VLAN

VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN

Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static

This is the number of VLANs configured on the switch.

details.

screen.

VLAN was set up.

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Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamic - using GVRP,

static - added as a permanent entry or other - added using Multicast VLAN

Registration (MVR).

Change Pages Click Previous or Next to show the previous/next screen if all status information

cannot be seen in one screen.

8.5.2 Static VLAN Details

Use this screen to view detailed port settings and status of the VLAN group. See Section 8.1

on page 81 for more information on static VLAN. Click on an index number in the VLAN

Status screen to display VLAN details.

Figure 33 Static VLAN Details

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 15 Static VLAN Details

LABEL DESCRIPTION

VLAN Status Click this to go to the VLAN Status screen.

VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN

screen.

Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is

marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN
are marked as “–“.

Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static

VLAN was set up.

Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamic - using GVRP,

static - added as a permanent entry or other - added using Multicast VLAN
Registration (MVR).

8.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN

Use this screen to configure and view 802.1Q VLAN parameters for the switch. See Section

8.1 on page 81 for more information on static VLAN. To configure a static VLAN, click

Static VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the screen as shown next.

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Figure 34 VLAN: Static VLAN

The following table describes the related labels in this screen.

Table 16 VLAN: Static VLAN

LABEL DESCRIPTION

ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings.

Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes. This name

VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this static entry; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.

Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.

* Settings in this row apply to all ports.

consists of up to 64 printable characters; spaces are allowed.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you

make them.

Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is

the default selection.
Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group.
Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.

Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames transmitted with

this VLAN Group ID.

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Table 16 VLAN: Static VLAN (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Add Click Add to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.

VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the

VLAN settings.

Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).

Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.

Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings

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Use the VLAN Port Setting screen to configure the static VLAN (IEEE 802.1Q) settings on a
port. See Section 8.1 on page 81 for more information on static VLAN. Click the VLAN Port
Setting link in the VLAN Status screen.

Figure 35 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 17 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting

LABEL DESCRIPTION

GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a

Port Isolation Port Isolation allows each port to communicate only with the CPU management

Port This field displays the port number.

* Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Ingress Check If this check box is selected for a port, the switch discards incoming frames for

PVID Enter a number between 1and 4094 as the port VLAN ID.

GVRP Select this check box to allow GVRP on this port.

Acceptable Frame
Type

VLAN Trunking Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the
network.

Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local switch.

port and the Gigabit uplink ports but not communicate with each other. This option
is the most limiting but also the most secure.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you

make them.

VLANs that do not include this port in its member set.
Clear this check box to disable ingress filtering.

Specify the type of frames allowed on a port. Choices are All, Tag Only and Untag
Only.

Select All from the drop-down list box to accept all untagged or tagged frames on
this port. This is the default setting.

Select Tag Only to accept only tagged frames on this port. All untagged frames will
be dropped.

Select Untag Only to accept only untagged frames on this port. All tagged frames
will be dropped.

ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through the switch.

loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.

8.6 Protocol Based VLANs

Protocol based VLANs allow you to group traffic into logical VLANs based on the protocol
you specify. When an upstream frame is received on a port (configured for a protocol based
VLAN), the switch checks if a tag is added already and its protocol. The untagged packets of
the same protocol are then placed in the same protocol based VLAN. One advantage of using
protocol based VLANs is that priority can be assigned to traffic of the same protocol.

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Note: Protocol based VLAN applies to un-tagged packets and is applicable only when

you use IEEE 802.1Q tagged VLAN.

For example, port 1, 2, 3 and 4 belong to static VLAN 100, and port 4, 5, 6, 7 belong to static
VLAN 120. You configure a protocol based VLAN A with priority 3 for ARP traffic received
on port 1, 2 and 3. You also have a protocol based VLAN B with priority 2 for Apple Talk
traffic received on port 6 and 7. All upstream ARP traffic from port 1, 2 and 3 will be grouped
together, and all upstream Apple Talk traffic from port 6 and 7 will be in another group and
have higher priority than ARP traffic, when they go through the uplink port to a backbone
switch C.

Figure 36 Protocol Based VLAN Application Example

8.7 Configuring Protocol Based VLAN

Click Protocol Based VLAN in the VLAN Port Setting screen to display the configuration
screen as shown.

Note: Protocol-based VLAN applies to un-tagged packets and is applicable only

when you use IEEE 802.1Q tagged VLAN.

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Figure 37 Protocol Based VLAN

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 18 Protocol Based VLAN Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Active Check this box to activate this protocol based VLAN.

Port Type a port to be included in this protocol based VLAN.

This port must belong to a static VLAN in order to participate in a protocol based
VLAN. See Chapter 8 on page 81 for more details on setting up VLANs.

Name Enter up to 32 alphanumeric characters to identify this protocol based VLAN.

Ethernet-type Use the drop down list box to select a predefined protocol to be included in this

protocol based VLAN or select Others and type the protocol number in hexadecimal
notation. For example the IP protocol in hexadecimal notation is 0800, and Novell IPX
protocol is 8137.

Note: Protocols in the hexadecimal number range of 0x0000 to 0x05ff

are not allowed to be used for protocol based VLANs.

VID Enter the ID of a VLAN to which the port belongs. This must be an existing VLAN

which you defined in the Advanced Applications, VLAN screens.

Priority Select the priority level that the switch will assign to frames belonging to this VLAN.

Add Click Add to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

Index This is the index number identifying this protocol based VLAN. Click on any of these

numbers to edit an existing protocol based VLAN.

Active This field shows whether the protocol based VLAN is active or not.

Port This field shows which port belongs to this protocol based VLAN.

Name This field shows the name the protocol based VLAN.

Ethernet Type This field shows which Ethernet protocol is part of this protocol based VLAN.

90 Chapter 8 VLAN

Table 18 Protocol Based VLAN Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

VID This field shows the VLAN ID of the port.

Priority This field shows the priority which is assigned to frames belonging to this protocol

based VLAN.

Delete Click this to delete the protocol based VLANs which you marked for deletion.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

8.8 Create an IP-based VLAN Example

This example shows you how to create an IP VLAN which includes ports 1, 4 and 8. Follow
these steps:

1 Activate this protocol based VLAN.

2 Type the port number you want to include in this protocol based VLAN. Type 1.

3 Give this protocol-based VLAN a descriptive name. Type IP-VLAN.

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4 Select the protocol. Leave the default value IP.

5 Type the VLAN ID of an existing VLAN. In our example we already created a static

VLAN with an ID of 5. Type 5.

6 Leave the priority set to 0 and click Add.

Figure 38 Protocol Based VLAN Configuration Example

To add more ports to this protocol based VLAN.

1 Click the index number of the protocol based VLAN entry. Click 1

2 Change the value in the Port field to the next port you want to add.

3 Click Add.

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8.9 Port-based VLAN Setup

Port-based VLANs are VLANs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the
destination MAC address and its associated port.

Port-based VLANs require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if
you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference
rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port
through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.

Port-based VLANs are specific only to the switch on which they were created.

Note: When you activate port-based VLAN, the switch uses a default VLAN ID of 1.

You cannot change it.

In screens (such as IP Setup and Filtering) that require a VID, you must enter
1 as the VID.

The port-based VLAN setup screen is shown next. The CPU management port forms a VLAN
with all Ethernet ports.

8.9.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN

Select Port Based as the VLAN Type in the Switch Setup screen and then click VLAN
from the navigation panel to display the next screen.

92 Chapter 8 VLAN

Figure 39 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected)

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Figure 40 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation)

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 19 Port Based VLAN Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Setting Wizard Choose All connected or Port isolation.

All connected means all ports can communicate with each other, that is, there are no

virtual LANs. All incoming and outgoing ports are selected. This option is the most
flexible but also the least secure.

Port isolation means that each port can only communicate with the CPU
management port and cannot communicate with each other. All incoming ports are
selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most limiting
but also the most secure.

After you make your selection, click Apply (top right of screen) to display the screens
as mentioned above. You can still customize these settings by adding/deleting
incoming or outgoing ports, but you must also click Apply at the bottom of the screen.

Incoming These are the ingress ports; an ingress port is an incoming port, that is, a port through

which a data packet enters. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the ingress port for both ports. The numbers in the top row
denote the incoming port for the corresponding port listed on the left (its outgoing port).
CPU refers to the switch management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all
Ethernet ports. If it does not form a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot
be managed from that port.

Outgoing These are the egress ports; an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port through

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

which a data packet leaves. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the egress port for both ports. CPU refers to the switch
management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all Ethernet ports. If it does not form
a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot be managed from that port.

these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.

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96 Chapter 8 VLAN

CHAPTER 9

Static MAC Forward Setup

Use these screens to configure static MAC address forwarding.

9.1 Overview

This chapter discusses how to configure forwarding rules based on MAC addresses of devices
on your network.

9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding

A static MAC address is an address that has been manually entered in the MAC address table.
Static MAC addresses do not age out. When you set up static MAC address rules, you are
setting static MAC addresses for a port. This may reduce the need for broadcasting.

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Static MAC address forwarding together with port security allow only computers in the MAC
address table on a port to access the switch. See Chapter 17 on page 131 for more information
on port security.

Click Advanced Applications, Static MAC Forwarding in the navigation panel to display
the configuration screen as shown.

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Figure 41 Static MAC Forwarding

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 20 Static MAC Forwarding

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Active Select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a rule

Name Enter a descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC address

MAC Address Enter the MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal

without deleting it by clearing this check box.

forwarding rule.

character pairs.

Note: Static MAC addresses do not age out.

VID Enter the VLAN identification number.

Port Enter the port where the MAC address entered in the previous field will be

automatically forwarded.

Add Click Add to save your rule to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses this

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

Clear Click Clear to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Index Click an index number to modify a static MAC address rule for a port.

Active This field displays whether this static MAC address forwarding rule is active (Yes) or

Name This field displays the descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC

MAC Address This field displays the MAC address that will be forwarded and the VLAN identification

VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group.

Port This field displays the port where the MAC address shown in the next field will be

Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

rule if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel
to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

not (No). You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it.

address-forwarding rule.

number to which the MAC address belongs.

forwarded.

98 Chapter 9 Static MAC Forward Setup