Caution Federal US law restricts sale of the device identified in this manual to, or on the order of, a licensed
physician.
Software in this product is Copyright 2018Welch Allyn or its vendors. All rights are reserved. The software is
protected by United States of America copyright laws and international treaty provisions applicable worldwide. Under
such laws, the licensee is entitled to use the copy of the software incorporated with this instrument as intended in
the operation of the product in which it is embedded. The software may not be copied, decompiled, reverseengineered, disassembled, or otherwise reduced to human-perceivable form. This is not a sale of the software or
any copy of the software; all right, title, and ownership of the software remain with Welch Allyn or its vendors.
For information about any Welch Allyn product, call Welch Allyn Technical Support (http://www.welchallyn.com/
support) or visit www.welchallyn.com/en/about-us/locations.html.
DIR 80022132 Ver. B
Revised: 2018-07
AViTA Corporation
9F., No. 78, Sec. 1 Kwang-Fu Rd.,
San-Chung District,
24158 New Taipei City, Taiwan
This manual applies to 901094 Non Contact Thermometer
WARNING The warning statements in
this manual identify conditions or
practices that could lead to illness, injury,
or death.
Consult operating instructions/directions
for use (DFU).
A copy of the DFU is available on this
website.
A printed copy of the DFU can be ordered
from Welch Allyn for delivery within 7
calendar days.
Caution The caution statements in this
manual identify conditions or practices
that could result in damage to the
equipment or other property, or loss of
data. This definition applies to both
yellow and black and white symbols.
Meets essential requirements of
European Medical Device Directive
93/42/EEC.
Shipping, storing, and environment symbols
Temperature limitsKeep dry
This device shall be disposed of in
accordance with national laws after its
useful life.
Fragile
Humidity limitation
IP22
This product meets the basic safety and
essential performance requirements
indicated in the IP22 conditioning test
(IP22: Protection level against solid
foreign objects and falling water)
Conforms to AAMI STD ES 60601-1, IEC
STD 60601-1-6, ISO STD 80601-2-56;
Certified to CSA STD C22.2 NO. 60601-1,
NO. 60601-1-6, No. 80601-2-56
By prescription or order of licensed
healthcare professional
Indicator symbols
One short beep indicating a button pressThree beeps indicating the completion of
Reorder/Catalog number
Type BF applied part
a process
Two-second beep indicating an error
Battery level indicators
100 to 76 percent of useable battery
capacity remaining
Approximately 3,300 measurements
50 to 26 percent of useable battery
capacity remaining
Approximately 880 measurements
10 to 0 percent of useable battery
capacity remaining
When the battery flashes, no
measurements can be taken
75 to 51 percent of useable battery
capacity remaining
Approximately 1,900 measurements
25 to 11 percent of useable battery
capacity remaining
Approximately 200 measurements
Introduction
Intended use
The CareTemp™ Touch Free thermometer is a clinical-grade device intended for the
intermittent measurement of human body temperature in patients of all ages in a
professional-use environment.
3
General warnings and cautions
Warning and caution statements can appear on the thermometer, the packaging, the
shipping container, or in this document.
The thermometer is safe for patients and clinicians when used in accordance with the
instructions and with the warning and caution statements presented in this manual.
Before using the thermometer, familiarize all operating personnel with the general safety
information in this summary. Specific warnings and cautions are also found throughout
this manual.
•Failure to understand and observe any warning statement in this manual could lead
to patient illness, injury, or death.
•Failure to understand and observe any caution statement in this manual could lead to
damage to the equipment or other property, or loss of patient data.
WARNING Patient safety. The thermometer is designed for the
intermittent measurement of the human body's temperature, and can be
used upon people of all ages. The following recommendations must be
carefully observed during the product's use. Any activities that are
inconsistent with or do not take into account these recommendations could
result in personal injury or could affect the accuracy of the thermometer
itself.
WARNING Patient safety. If the accuracy of any measurement is in
question, check the patient's temperature with an alternate method and
then check to verify the device is functioning properly.
WARNING Safety risk. The thermometer battery must be kept strictly out
of the reach of children, as ingestion of the battery could result in poisoning
or other serious health risks.
WARNING Safety risk. Always dispose of batteries in accordance with
applicable legal regulations.
IntroductionCareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer
4
CAUTION Always use new batteries of the type and specification
indicated in this manual. Mixing old and new batteries will shorten the
battery life.
CAUTION Do not use rechargeable batteries, as these may be of inferior
quality and duration. The use of rechargeable batteries could compromise
the performance of this device.
CAUTION Leaking batteries can damage the device. Remove the batteries
whenever the device is not expected to be used for an extended period of
time (e.g. multiple months).
CAUTION If a battery has leaked, put on protective gloves and clean the
battery compartment with a dry cloth.
CAUTION Federal US law restricts sale of the device identified in this
manual to, or on the order of, a licensed healthcare practitioner
CAUTION Proper measurement distance between 4 and 6 cm from the
patient's forehead is essential to the accuracy of the temperature
measurement determination.
CAUTION Unauthorized modifications to the device are not permitted. Do
not modify the product in any way without the manufacturer's prior
authorization.
CAUTION In order to avoid incorrect measurements, make sure that the
lens on the thermometer's infrared sensor lens is clean and intact prior to
use.
CAUTION Avoid touching the infrared sensor lens directly with your
fingers.
CAUTION Do not expose the thermometer to extreme temperatures or
humidity levels. Make sure that you follow the instructions provided in this
manual. Do not expose to direct sunlight.
CAUTION The thermometer is NOT waterproof.
CAUTION Avoid dropping the device.
CAUTION Do not autoclave. Follow only the cleaning procedures
described in this manual.
NoteBoth the patient and the thermometer should be kept within the same
environmental conditions for at least 30 minutes prior to each
measurement.
NoteAvoid taking temperature measurements for at least 30 minutes after
physical activity, bathing, swimming, consuming food or beverages, or
spending time outdoors.
NoteWait at least 1 minute between temperature measurements.
Measurements performed too frequently could result in incorrect
temperature readings.
NoteContact Welch Allyn or your local Welch Allyn representative for any
assistance with configuration, use, and maintenance operations.
Directions for useIntroduction 5
NoteAvoid pointing the infrared sensor at any heat source other than a patient.
This might affect patient measurements.
NoteAvoid exposing the device to external heat sources. This might affect
patient measurements.
NoteIf possible, measurements should always be taken by pointing the infrared
sensor at the same area of the forehead. Temperatures measured at
different locations on the temples or on opposite sides of the head can vary
considerably.
NoteHolding the thermometer in your hands for too long or exposing the device
to external heat sources could result in distorted temperature readings. For
this reason, the body temperature reading could result as being higher or
lower than the actual value.
IntroductionCareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer
6
Using the thermometer
Button functions
7
1.Display4.Memory
2.LED bar5.C/F (Celsius/Fahrenheit)
3.Measure6.Pulse timer
8
Using the thermometerCareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer
Take a measurement
1. Press Measure to power on the thermometer.
When the device is ready, a single dash appears on the screen, and a beeps sounds.
2. Position the thermometer between 4 and 6 cm from the center of the patient's
forehead, and aim between the eyebrows.
NoteIf the eyebrow area is covered with hair, sweat, or dirt, clean
the area and wait 10 minutes to before taking a
measurement.
NoteHold the thermometer and the forehead steady during
measurement. Movement can impact the measurement.
3. Press Measure. Slowly move the device toward or farther from the forehead.
The arrow on the display flashes until the correct distance is achieved.
NoteAfter pressing Measure, the thermometer allows 20
seconds to capture the measurement. If you press Measure
again before the 20 second time limit is up, the process
restarts. If the measurement is not completed in 20
seconds, the device displays Err ↑. Press Measure to restart
the process.
4. When the correct distance is reached the LED bar will illuminate, three beeps sound,
and the measurement is displayed.
To repeat the process, return to step 2.
NoteThe complete measurement or Err ↑ message displays for 3
seconds. After 3 seconds, the thermometer returns to ready.
5. The thermometer automatically turns off after 10 seconds of inactivity.
Directions for useUsing the thermometer 9
Recall a measurement
Pressing the Memory button (MEM) will display the temperature in memory with a MEM
indicator. Memory is available directly from the off state, when no measurement is
displayed, or immediately following a new measurement if a comparison to the prior
reading is needed. Once the thermometer is powered off or a new measurement is
initiated, the last temperature taken becomes the reading in memory.
1. Press and release MEM.
The LCD displays the temperature stored in the thermometer's memory for 10
seconds.
2. Press and hold MEM for 3 seconds to force the measurement on the display to
memory and clear the display.
The thermometer beeps three times to indicate the measurement is moved to
memory and the thermometer is ready to take a new measurement with a clear
display.
NoteIt is not required to force a reading to memory. A new
reading will automatically move to memory when the
thermometer turns off or a new measurement is initiated.
Use the timer
1. Press and release the Timer button.
The timer is activated. Audible beeps sound at 0, 15, 45, and 60 seconds.
2. Press the Timer button again to exit at any time.
After the full 60 second cycle, the thermometer turns off automatically after 2
seconds.
Change the temperature scale
1. Press C/F to temporarily view the measurement in the alternate temperature scale.
This scale conversion feature is available any time a temperature value is displayed,
and can be used to continuously alternate between temperature scales.
2. Press and hold both the MEM and C/F buttons for 3 seconds to change the default
scale.
Three beeps sound to confirm the setting is changed.
The alternate scale remains until one of the following occurs, returning the thermometer
to the default temperature scale:
•The C/F button is pressed again.
•A new measurement is taken.
•Any other action is taken.
•The thermometer turns off.
Using the thermometerCareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer
The thermometer distance to the
patient is out of range
The ambient temperature of the room
is outside the operating range of 60.8
°F to 104 °F (16 °C to 40 °C)
The measurement is lower than 93.2 °F
(34 °C)
The measurement is higher than 109.4
°F (43 °C)
Flashing battery symbol on the display The battery is low on powerReplace the battery with two AAA
Blank displayThe thermometer does not have power Make sure the battery has been loaded
Take the measurement again, and
make sure the thermometer is 4 to 6
cm away from the center of the
patient's forehead, just between the
eyebrows.
Move to a room with the proper
ambient temperature and wait 30
minutes for the thermometer to
stabilize.
Take the measurement again. Follow
the steps in the "Take a measurement"
section.
Take the measurement again. Follow
the steps in the "Take a measurement"
section.
(LR03) alkaline batteries.
properly.
Contact your local Welch Allyn service
center or representative if the
thermometer still does not function.
Troubleshooting and error messagesCareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer
12
Maintenance
Replace the batteries
The thermometer comes with two AAA (LR03) batteries. Replace with two new AAA
(LR03) batteries when the flashing battery symbol appears on the display
1. Use a Phillips screwdriver to loosen the battery cover screw.
2. Slide open the battery cover and remove the batteries.
3. Replace the batteries. Make sure to align the batteries as indicated inside the battery
compartment.
4. Replace the battery cover and tighten the battery cover screw.
13
Remove the batteries before storing the thermometer for an extended period of time.
Clean and disinfect the thermometer
The thermometer can be cleaned and an intermediate-level of disinfection can be
achieved using the following method.
CAUTION Never submerge the thermometer in water or any other liquid
CAUTION Never use abrasive cleaning agents, thinners or benzene for
cleaning and never immerse the instrument in water or other cleaning
liquids.
CAUTION Never insert a sharp object into the scanner area or any other
open surface on the thermometer.
CAUTION Do not use unapproved cleaning or disinfection agents. Use of
these agents may cause damage to components.
CAUTION Do not use chemicals other than isopropyl or ethyl alcohol on
the lens.
Cleaning the sensor window
Slightly moisten a cotton swab or cloth with isopropyl or ethyl alcohol and gently wipe
the surface of the lens using a side-to-side (not circular) motion. Avoid touching the lens
except when cleaning is required.
14
MaintenanceCareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer
Cleaning the thermometer
Use a pre-moistened wipe or soft cloth slightly moistened with an approved cleaner to
gently clean the thermometer.
Disinfecting the thermometer
Use a pre-moistened wipe or soft cloth slightly moistened with an approved disinfectant
to disinfect the thermometer. Follow the manufacturers recommendations.
NoteAfter cleaning or disinfecting, wait at least 10 minutes before taking
another measurement.
Approved cleaning agents
Use only the following approved cleaning agents on the thermometer:
CaviWipesSuper HDQ® L10
Sani-Cloth® PlusCleancide
Super Sani-Cloth®Clorox HealthCare Bleach Germicidal Cleaner
Additional cleaning agents may be periodically evaluated for compatibility. If your
cleaning agent is not listed, contact Welch Allyn to determine if additional cleaning
agents are approved for use.
Welch Allyn has validated these instructions as being capable of preparing the
thermometer for re-use. You must ensure that cleaning and disinfection as actually
performed by your personnel, with your equipment and materials, achieves the desired
result. This may require validation and routine monitoring of your actual process.
Calibration testing
The thermometer is calibrated at the time of manufacture. If the thermometer is
operating according to these instructions, periodic readjustment is not required.
Disposal
These recommendations do not supersede any legal requirements. You must always
comply with legal requirements for the control of the measurement, functionality, and
accuracy of the device. These controls are required by the scope of relevant laws,
directives or ordinances where the device is used.
Thermometer
Directions for useMaintenance 15
The thermometer contains no hazardous materials. Discard without environmental risk.
Remove the batteries before disposal.
Battery
Dispose of empty batteries in accordance with national or local regulations.
MaintenanceCareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer
16
Specifications
TypeTouch-free infrared thermometer
Model no.NT18, REF 901094, #105801
Displayed temperature range93.2 to 109.4 °F (34 to 43 °C)
Display resolution0.1 °F (0.1 °C)
17
Laboratory accuracy±0.4 °F (±0.2 °C) for the range 93.2 to 109.4 °F (34 to 43 °C)
Clinical accuracy±0.5 °F (±0.3 °C) for the range 93.2 to 109.4 °F (34 to 43 °C)
DisplayLiquid crystal display, four digits plus special icons
Operating temperature60.8 to 104 °F (16 to 40 °C )
Operating humidityUp to 85% non condensing
Storage temperature–13 to 131 °F (–25 to 55 °C)
Storage humidityUp to 85% non condensing
Automatic power offApproximately 10 seconds after last measurement has been
Special precautions concerning electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) must be taken for all
medical electrical equipment. This device complies with IEC EN 60601-1-2:2014.
•All medical electrical equipment must be installed and put into service in accordance
with the EMC information provided in this document, the Welch Allyn® OAE HearingScreener Directions for use.
•Portable and mobile RF communications equipment can affect the behavior of
medical electrical equipment.
19
The device complies with all applicable and required standards for electromagnetic
interference.
•It does not normally affect nearby equipment and devices.
•It is not normally affected by nearby equipment and devices.
•It is not safe to operate the central station in the presence of high-frequency surgical
equipment.
•However, it is good practice to avoid using the device in extremely close proximity to
other equipment.
Emissions and immunity information
Electromagnetic emissions
The Welch Allyn CareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified
below. The customer or user of the Welch Allyn CareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer should assure that it is used in
such an environment.
Group 1The Welch Allyn CareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer uses RF energy
only for its internal function. Therefore, its RF emissions are very low
and are not likely to cause any interference in nearby electronic
equipment.
RF emissions
CISPR 11
Class B
The Welch Allyn CareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer is suitable for
use in all establishments including domestic and those directly
Guidance and manufacturer's declarationCareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer
20
Electromagnetic emissions
Harmonic emissions
IEC 61000-3-2
Voltage fluctuations/
flicker emissions
IEC 61000-3-3
Not applicable
Not applicable
connected to the public low-voltage power supply network that supplies
buildings used for domestic purposes.
Electromagnetic immunity
The Welch Allyn CareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified
below. The customer or the user of the Welch Allyn CareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer should assure that it is used
in such an environment.
Immunity testIEC 60601 test level Compliance levelElectromagnetic environment - guidance
Electrostatic discharge
(ESD)
IEC 61000-4-2
Electrical fast
transient/burst
IEC 61000-4-4
±8 kV contact
±15 kV air
±2 kV for power supply
lines
±1 kV for input/output
lines
±8 kV contact
±15 kV air
Not applicableMains power quality should be that of a typical
Floors should be wood, concrete or ceramic
tile. If floors are covered with synthetic
material, the relative humidity should be at
least 30%.
commercial or hospital environment.
Surge
IEC 61000-4-5
Voltage dips, short
interruptions and
voltage variations on
power supply input
lines
IEC 61000-4-11
Power frequency
(50/60 Hz) magnetic
field IEC 61000-4-8
Note: UT is the a.c. mains voltage prior to application of the test level.
±1 kV differential mode
±2 kV common mode
<5 % UT (>95 % dip in
UT) for 0.5 cycle
40 % UT (60 % dip in
UT) for 5 cycles
70 % UT (30 % dip in
UT) for 25 cycles
<5 % UT (>95 % dip in
UT) for 5 s
30 A/m
50Hz/60Hz
Not applicableMains power quality should be that of a typical
commercial or hospital environment.
Not applicableMains power quality should be that of a typical
commercial or hospital environment.
30 A/m
50Hz/60Hz
Power frequency magnetic fields should be at
levels characteristic of a typical location in a
typical commercial or hospital environment.
Electromagnetic immunity
The Welch Allyn CareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified
below. The customer or the user of the Welch Allyn CareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer should assure that it is used
in such an environment.
Immunity testIEC 60601 test level Compliance levelElectromagnetic environment - guidance
Directions for useGuidance and manufacturer's declaration 21
Electromagnetic immunity
Portable and mobile RF communications
equipment should be used no closer to any part
of the Connex Central Station, including cables,
than the recommended separation distance
calculated from the equation applicable to the
frequency of the transmitter.
Recommended separation distances:
d= 1.2
d= 2
Conducted RF
IEC 61000-4-6
Radiated RF
IEC 61000-4-3
150KHz to 80MHz:
Not applicable
3Vrms
6Vrms (in ISM and
amateur radio bands)
80% Am at 1kHz
10V/m10V/m
d= 1.2 80 MHz to 800 MHz
d= 2.3 800 MHz to 2.7 GHz
where P is the maximum output power rating of
the transmitter in watts (W) according to the
transmitter manufacturer and d is the
recommended separation distance in meters
(m). Field strengths from fixed RF transmitters,
as determined by an electromagnetic site
surveya, should be less than the compliance
level in each frequency rangeb. Interference
may occur in the vicinity of equipment marked
with the following symbol:
Note 1: At 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the higher frequency range applies.
Note 2: These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption and
reflection from structures, objects, and people.
a
Field strengths from fixed transmitters, such as base stations for radio (cellular/cordless) telephones and land mobile
radios, amateur radio, AM and FM radio broadcast, and TV broadcast cannot be predicted theoretically with accuracy. To
assess the electromagnetic environment due to fixed RF transmitters, an electromagnetic site survey should be
considered. If the measured field strength in the location in which the Welch Allyn CareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer
is used exceeds the applicable RF compliance level above, the Welch Allyn CareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer should
be observed to verify normal operation. If abnormal performance is observed, additional measures may be necessary,
such as reorienting or relocating the Connex Central Station.
b
Over the frequency range 150 kHz to 80 MHz, field strengths should be less than 3 V/m.
22 Guidance and manufacturer's declarationCareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer
Recommended separation distances between portable and mobile RF communications
equipment and the Welch Allyn CareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer
The Welch Allyn CareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer is intended for use in an electromagnetic environment in which
radiated RF disturbances are controlled. The customer or user of the Welch Allyn CareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer
can help prevent electromagnetic interference by maintaining a minimum distance between portable and mobile RF
communications equipment (transmitters) and the Welch Allyn CareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer as recommended
below, according to the maximum output power of the communications equipment.
Separation distance according to frequency of transmitter (m)
Rated max. output
power of transmitter
(W)
150 kHz to 80 MHz
d= 1.2
150 kHz to 80 MHz
d= 2
80 MHz to 800 MHz
d= 1.2
800 MHz to 2.7 GHz
d= 2.3
0.010.120.20.120.23
0.10.380.6320.380.73
11.2021.202.30
103.86.323.87.3
10012201223
For transmitters rated at a maximum output power not listed above, the recommended separation distance
d in meters
(m) can be estimated using the equation applicable to the frequency of the transmitter, where P is the maximum output
power rating of the transmitter in watts (W) according to the transmitter manufacturer.
Note 1: At 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the separation distance for the higher frequency range applies.
Note 2: These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption and
reflection from structures, objects, and people.
Test specifications for enclosure port immunity to RF wireless communications equipment
Test frequency
(MHz)
Band
MHz
a
Service
a
Modulation
b
Maximum power
(W)
Distance (m)Immunity
test level (V/
m)
385380 - 390TETRA 400
450430 - 470GMRS 460,
FRS 460
710704 - 787LTE band 13, 17
745
780
810800 - 960GSM 800/900,
TETRA 800,
870
iDEN 820,
CDMA 850,
Pulse modulation
18 Hz
FM c±5 kHz
deviation
1 kHz sine
Pulse modulation
217 Hz
Pulse modulation
18 Hz
b
1.80.327
20.328
b
0.20.39
b
20.328
Directions for useGuidance and manufacturer's declaration 23
Test specifications for enclosure port immunity to RF wireless communications equipment
For some services, only the uplink frequencies are included.
b
The carrier shall be modulated using a 50 percent duty cycle square wave signal.
c
As an alternative to FM modulation, 50 percent pulse modulation at 18 Hz may be used because while it does not
represent actual modulation, it would be worst case.
NOTE If necessary to achieve the IMMUNITY TEST LEVEL, the distance between the transmitting antenna and the ME
EQUIPMENT or ME SYSTEM may be reduced to 1 m. The 1 m test distance is permitted by IEC 61000-4-3.
The MANUFACTURER should consider reducing the minimum separation distance, based on RISK MANAGEMENT, and
using higher IMMUNITY TEST LEVELS that are appropriate for the reduced minimum separation distance. Minimum
separation distances for higher IMMUNITY TEST LEVELS shall be calculated using the following equation:
Where P is the maximum power in W, d is the minimum separation distance in m, and E is the IMMUNITY TEST LEVEL in
V/m.
Guidance and manufacturer's declarationCareTemp™ Touch Free Thermometer
24
Warranty
Welch Allyn warrants the product to be free of defects in material and workmanship and
to perform in accordance with manufacturer's specifications for the period of two years
from the date of purchase from Welch Allyn or its authorized distributors or agents.
The warranty period shall start on the date of purchase. The date of purchase is: 1) the
invoiced ship date if the device was purchased directly from Welch Allyn, 2) the date
specified during product registration, 3) the date of purchase of the product from a
Welch Allyn authorized distributor as documented from a receipt from said distributor.
25
This warranty does not cover damage caused by: 1) handling during shipping, 2) use or
maintenance contrary to labeled instructions, 3) alteration or repair by anyone not
authorized by Welch Allyn, and 4) accidents.
Shipping cost to return a device to a Welch Allyn Service center is not included.
A service notification number must be obtained from Welch Allyn prior to returning any
products or accessories to Welch Allyn's designated service centers for repair. To obtain
a service notification number, contact Welch Allyn Technical Support.
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. WELCH ALLYN'S
OBLIGATION UNDER THIS WARRANTY IS LIMITED TO REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT
OF PRODUCTS CONTAINING A DEFECT. WELCH ALLYN IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR
ANY INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM A PRODUCT
DEFECT COVERED BY THE WARRANTY.
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