WD WD3200BPVT, Scorpio Blue ML320S-AF2, WD2500BPVT Technical Reference Manual
WD Scorpio®Blue ML320S-AF2
SATA Hard Drives
Technical Reference Manual
WD3200BPVT
WD2500BPVT
WD CONFIDENTIAL
© 2011 Western Digital Technologies, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
Information furnished by WD is believed to be accurate and reliable. No license is granted by implication or
otherwise under any patent or patent rights of WD. WD reserves the right to change specifications at any
time without notice.
Western Digital, WD, the WD logo, and WD Scorpio are registered trademarks in the U.S. and other
countries; and Data Lifeguard, CacheFlow, and FIT Lab are trademarks of Western Digital Technologies, Inc.
Other marks may be mentioned herein that belong to other companies.
Western Digital
3355 Michelson Drive, Suite 100
Irvine, California 92612
U.S.A.
2679-771320-A00
Document Control Number Definition:
2679-001xxx- 0xx-Px NRD
Doc Control No. Doc Revision Level
(WD Caviar Drives)
Oxx = Released Version
Px = Review Cycle
Non-Released
Document
WD CONFIDENTIAL
WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2
WD3200BPVT
WD2500BPVT
Technical Reference Manual
2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL)
RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-771320-A00
WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. DESCRIPTION AND FEATURES ................................................................................................. 1
1.1 General Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Product Features ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1
2. SPECIFICATIONS....................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Performance Specifications ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 Physical Specifications.................................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.2.1 Physical Dimensions ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.3 Mechanical Specifications............................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.4 Electrical Specifications................................................................................................................................................................ 7
2.4.1 Current Requirements and Power Dissipation ........................................................................................................ 7
2.4.2 Input Voltage Requirements......................................................................................................................................... 8
2.4.3 Ripple................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
2.4.4 ESD.................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.5 Environmental Specifications....................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.5.1 Shock and Vibration ....................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.5.2 Temperature and Humidity .........................................................................................................................................10
2.5.3 Thermocouple Location...............................................................................................................................................10
2.5.4 Cooling............................................................................................................................................................................ 11
2.5.5 Atmospheric Pressure .................................................................................................................................................11
2.5.6 Acoustics ........................................................................................................................................................................11
2.5.7 RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) ......................................................................................................11
2.6 Reliability Specifications .............................................................................................................................................................11
2.7 Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions ...................................................................................................................................12
2.8 Agency Approvals.........................................................................................................................................................................13
2.9 Full Model Number Specification.............................................................................................................................................. 13
3. PRODUCT FEATURES.............................................................................................................. 14
3.1 SATA 3 Gb/s and SATA 1.5 Gb/s ..........................................................................................................................................15
3.2 Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR).............................................................................................................................15
3.3 Reduced Power Spinup (RPS) ................................................................................................................................................. 16
3.4 System-on-Chip (SOC)..............................................................................................................................................................16
3.5 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT)...................................................................................................................................17
3.5.1 Write Same ....................................................................................................................................................................17
3.5.2 Read/Write Long ..........................................................................................................................................................17
3.5.3 Temperature Reporting................................................................................................................................................17
3.6 Reliability Features Set................................................................................................................................................................18
3.6.1 Data Lifeguard™ ............................................................................................................................................................18
3.6.2 Thermal Management ..................................................................................................................................................18
3.6.3 Internal Environmental Protection System ..............................................................................................................19
3.6.4 Recoverable Errors.......................................................................................................................................................19
3.6.5 Unrecoverable Errors ...................................................................................................................................................19
3.6.6 Self Test .......................................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.6.7 ATA Error Logging........................................................................................................................................................19
3.6.8 Defect Management.....................................................................................................................................................19
3.6.9 Automatic Defect Retirement.....................................................................................................................................20
3.6.10 Error Recovery Process...............................................................................................................................................20
3.7 Hot Plug Support..........................................................................................................................................................................20
3.7.1 Hot Plug Technical Issues .......................................................................................................................................... 21
3.8 Active LED Status ........................................................................................................................................................................23
3.9 Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB)..................................................................................................................................................24
3.10 Staggered Spinup and Activity Indication (SATA Power Pin 11) .....................................................................................24
3.10.1 Staggered Spinup ........................................................................................................................................................24
3.10.2 Activity Indication ..........................................................................................................................................................24
3.11 CacheFlow™ ..................................................................................................................................................................................24
3.11.1 Write Cache...................................................................................................................................................................24
3.11.2 Read Cache ...................................................................................................................................................................25
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Table of Contents WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2
3.11.3 48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA) ..................................................................................................................25
3.12 Power Management .....................................................................................................................................................................25
3.13 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)..................................................................................25
3.14 Security Mode ...............................................................................................................................................................................26
3.14.1 Master and User Passwords ......................................................................................................................................26
3.14.2 Security Levels ..............................................................................................................................................................26
4. AT COMMAND SET ................................................................................................................27
4.1 Host Interface Commands .........................................................................................................................................................26
4.1.1 ATA-7/ATA-8 Commands ..........................................................................................................................................26
4.1.2 SATA 2.5 Commands..................................................................................................................................................27
4.1.3 Obsolete Commands...................................................................................................................................................27
4.1.4 SCT Commands ...........................................................................................................................................................28
4.2 S.M.A.R.T. (B0h)........................................................................................................................................................................... 28
4.2.1 Read Attribute Values Sub-Command ....................................................................................................................28
4.2.2 Supported Attributes ...................................................................................................................................................30
4.2.3 Read Log Sector...........................................................................................................................................................31
4.2.4 Offline Data Collection ................................................................................................................................................31
4.3 Identify Device (ECh)...................................................................................................................................................................32
4.4 Set Features (EFh) ......................................................................................................................................................................38
5. INSTALLATION AND SETUP PROCEDURES............................................................................. 39
5.1 Unpacking ......................................................................................................................................................................................39
5.1.1 Handling Precautions...................................................................................................................................................39
5.1.2 Inspection of Shipping Container .............................................................................................................................39
5.1.3 Removal From Shipping Container...........................................................................................................................39
5.1.4 Removal From Static Shielding Bag.........................................................................................................................40
5.1.5 Moving Precautions......................................................................................................................................................40
5.2 Mounting Restrictions..................................................................................................................................................................40
5.2.1 Orientation......................................................................................................................................................................40
5.2.2 Screw Size Limitations ................................................................................................................................................40
5.2.3 Grounding.......................................................................................................................................................................41
5.3 Jumper Settings ............................................................................................................................................................................42
6. MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................................ 43
7. TECHNICAL SUPPORT............................................................................................................. 44
7.1 WD Online Services ....................................................................................................................................................................44
8. GLOSSARY .............................................................................................................................. 45
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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 List of Figures
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1 Mounting Dimensions...........................................................................................................................................6
Figure 2-2 Typical +5V Current Draw During Spinup .....................................................................................................7
Figure 2-3 Drive Base Casting Thermocouple Location ..................................................................................................9
Figure 2-4 Forced Airflow Direction ................................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 2-5 Standard Factory Connectors ......................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 3-1 RPS Spinup Profile ............................................................................................................................................ 15
Figure 5-1 Drive Handling Precautions.............................................................................................................................. 39
Figure 5-2 Hard Drive Removal From Static Shielding Bag ......................................................................................... 40
Figure 5-3 Grounding Diagram ........................................................................................................................................... 41
Figure 5-4 Jumper Settings for WD Scorpio SATA Hard Drives ................................................................................ 42
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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 List of Tables
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1 Shock and Vibration ............................................................................................................................................... 8
Table 2-2 Device Pin Connector Pin Definitions............................................................................................................. 11
Table 2-3 Full Model Number Description........................................................................................................................ 12
Table 4-1 ATA-7/ATA-8 Command Opcodes................................................................................................................. 26
Table 4-2 SATA 2.5 Command Opcodes ........................................................................................................................ 27
Table 4-3 Obsolete Command Opcodes ......................................................................................................................... 27
Table 4-4 SCT Action Codes .............................................................................................................................................. 28
Table 4-5 Definitions for the 512 Bytes. ........................................................................................................................... 28
Table 4-6 Defined Error Logging Sectors......................................................................................................................... 31
Table 4-7 Identify Device Command.................................................................................................................................. 32
2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) iv
WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Description and Features
1.0 DESCRIPTION AND FEATURES
1.1 General Description
WD Scorpio 2.5-inch drives offer fast performance and low power consumption, making them ideal
for notebooks and other portable devices.
1.2 Product Features
Serial ATA (SATA) — Serial ATA (SATA) is the next generation bus interface for
2.5-inch hard drives. It is designed to replace Parallel ATA, and has many advantages including
increased transfer rate, improved signal integrity, enhanced data protection, and hot plug support.
Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR) — With PMR technology the magnetization
of each data bit is aligned vertically to the spinning disk, rather than longitudinally as has been the
case in hard drive technology for decades. This enables more data on a given disk than is possible
with conventional longitudinal recording, and provides a platform for future expansion of hard
drive densities.
Reduced Power Spinup (RPS) — WD’s optimized start up feature specifically designed for
the external hard drive and Consumer Electronics (CE) market. Specific focus for RPS is to
minimize the duration and magnitude of the peak power consumption from the hard drive.
System-on-Chip - The System-on-Chip (SOC) is the foundation for WD's next generation
electronics and firmware architecture. The native SATA SOC lowers component count by
integrating a hard disk controller, high performance processor, high speed execution SRAM, and
read channel in a 128-pin package.
S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT) — The SCT Command Transport feature set
provides a method for a host to send commands and data to a device and for a device to send data
and status to a host using log pages.
Reliability Features Set-Data Lifeguard™ — Representing WD's ongoing commitment
to data protection, Data Lifeguard includes features that enhance the drive’s ability to prevent
data loss. Data Lifeguard data protection utilities include thermal management, an environmental
protection system, and embedded error detection and repair features that automatically detect,
isolate, and repair problem areas that may develop over the extended use of the hard drive. With
these enhanced data reliability features, the drive can perform more accurate monitoring, error
repair, and deliver exceptional data security.
Hot Plug Support — SATA supports hot plugging (also known as “hot swapping”), the ability
to swap out a failed hard drive without having to power down the system or reboot. This
capability contributes to both data availability and serviceability without any associated downtime,
making it a critical feature for extending SATA into enterprise applications.
Active LED Status — These drives support external LED requirements. It provides an activity
LED output which is ON during command execution and OFF otherwise.
Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB) — Bearing design that incorporates a layer of high-viscosity
lubricant instead of ball bearings in the hard drive spindle motor. As an alternative to conventional
ball bearing technology, FDB designs provide increased non-operational shock resistance, speed
control, and improved acoustics.
Staggered Spin-Up — Native SATA feature that allows the system to control whether the
drive will spin up immediately or wait until the interface is fully ready.
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Description and Features WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2
CacheFlow™ —WD’s unique, multi-generation caching algorithm evaluates the way data
is read from and written to the drive and adapts “on-the-fly” to the optimum read and write
caching methods. CacheFlow minimizes disk seek operations and overheads due to rotational latency. CacheFlow supports sequential and random write cache. With write cache
and other CacheFlow features, the user can cache both read and write data. The cache
can hold multiple writes and collectively write them to the hard drive.
48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA) — WD SATA drives support both 48-bit and 28-
bit LBA and CHS-based addressing. LBA is included in advanced BIOS and operating system
device drivers and ensures high capacity disk integration.
Power Management — WD SATA drives support the ATA and Serial ATA power
management command set, allowing the host to reduce the power consumption of the drive by
issuing a variety of power management commands.
Automatic Defect Retirement — If the WD SATA drive detects a defective sector while
reading, writing, or performing offline data collection, it automatically relocates the sector without
end-user intervention.
Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.) — S.M.A.R.T.
enables a drive’s internal status to be monitored through diagnostic commands at the host level
and during offline activities. S.M.A.R.T. devices employ data analysis algorithms that are used to
predict the likelihood of some near-term degradation or fault conditions. When used with a
S.M.A.R.T. application, the drive can alert the host system of a negative reliability status
condition. The host system can then warn the user of the impending risk of data loss and
recommend an appropriate action.
ATA Security — WD SATA drives support the ATA Security Mode Feature set. The ATA
Security Mode feature set allows the user to create a device lock password that prevents
unauthorized hard disk access even if the drive is removed from the host computer. The correct
password must be supplied to the hard drive in order to access user data. Both the User and
Master Password features are supported, along with the High and Maximum security modes. The
Master Password Revision code is also supported.
Advanced Format Technology — Technology being adopted by WD and other drive
manufacturers to increase media format efficiencies, thus enabling larger drive capacities.
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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Specifications
2.0 SPECIFICATIONS
2.1 Performance Specifications
Average Seek
- Read
- Write
Track-to-Track Seek
Full Stroke Seek 24 ms average
Index Pulse Period 11.1 ms (nominal)
Average Latency 5.5 ms
Rotational Speed 5400 RPM
Data Transfer Rate (maximum)
- Buffer to Host
1
12.0 ms average
15.0 ms average
1
2
1.5 ms average
3.0 Gb/s maximum
- Max buffer to disk
116 MB/s maximum
Buffer Size 8 MB
14
Error Rate - Unrecoverable <1 in 10
Spindle Start Time
- From Power-on to Drive Ready
- From Power-on to Rotational Speed
3
4
4.0s average
2.0s average
bits read
Spindle Stop Time 8s average
Load/Unload Cycles
1
During continuous Seek, Read, or Write commands, an algorithm in the code will add latency as required to keep
the VCM motor from overheating;s seek performance will be impacted under this condition.
2
As used for storage capacity, one megabyte (MB) = one million bytes, one gigabyte (GB) = one billion bytes, and
one terabyte (TB) = one trillion bytes. Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment. As
used for buffer or cache, one megabyte (MB) = 1,048,576 bytes. As used for transfer rate or interface, megabyte
per second (MB/s) = one million bytes per second, and gigabit per second (Gb/s) = one billion bits per second.
Effective maximum SATA 3 Gb/s transfer rate calculated according to the Serial ATA specification published by
the SATA-IO organization as of the date of this specification sheet. Visit www.sata-io.org for details.
3
Defined as the time from power-on to the setting of Drive Ready and Seek Complete including calibration.
4
Defined as the time from power-on to when the full spindle rotational speed is reached.
5
Controlled unload at ambient condition.
5
600,000
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Specifications WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2
2.2 Physical Specifications
Physical
WD2500BPVT WD3200BPVT
Specifications
Capacity
Interface (BEVT) SATA 3.0 Gb/s SATA 3.0 Gb/s
Actuator Type Rotary Voice
Number of Disks 1 1
Data Surfaces 2 2
Number of Heads 2 2
Physical bytes per Sector 4096 4096
Host bytes per Sector 512 512
User Sectors per Drive 488,397,168 625,142,448
Servo Type Embedded Embedded
Recording Method Partial DC
ECC Reed-Solomon Reed-Solomon
1
1
As used for storage capacity, one megabyte (MB) = one million bytes, one gigabyte (GB) =
one billion bytes, and one terabyte (TB) = one trillion bytes. Total accessible capacity varies
depending on operating environment. As used for buffer or cache, one megabyte
(MB) = 1,048,576 bytes. As used for transfer rate or interface, megabyte per second (MB/s)
= one million bytes per second, and gigabit per second (Gb/s) = one billion bits per second.
Effective maximum SATA 3 Gb/s transfer rate calculated according to the Serial ATA
specification published by the SATA-IO organization as of the date of this specification sheet.
Visit www.sata-io.org for details.
250,059 MB 320,072 MB
Rotary Voice
Coil
Tar get
Coil
Partial DC
Tar get
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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Specifications
2.2.1 Physical Dimensions
English Metric
Dimension Tolerance Dimension Tolerance
Height 0.374 inches ±0.01 inch 9.50 mm ±0.20 mm
Length 3.94 inches ±0.01 inch 100.20 mm ±0.25 mm
Width 2.75 inches ±0.01 inch 69.85 mm ±0.25 mm
Weight (typical) 0.22 pounds — 98 gm —
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Specifications WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2
2.3 Mechanical Specifications
Figure 2-1 shows the mounting dimensions and locations of the screw holes for the drive.
Figure 2-1. Mounting Dimensions
MAX
9.70
3
2x
4
Z
0.25
69.85
4.07
2x
0.2
9.5
B
0.25
4X
B
A
4X M3 THREAD
2.5mm FULL THREAD
DEPTH MIN
MIN
4.60
4x
61.72
2x
C
0.25
100.20
76.60
2x
60.40
C
B
14.30
34.93
0.5
1.93
MAX
70.10
76.60
D
76.60
2x
0.5
3.925
3
14.3
4x
2x
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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Specifications
2.4 Electrical Specifications
2.4.1 Current Requirements and Power Dissipation
Operating Mode
Current
1
5 VDC
Spinup (max) 950 mA 4.75W
Read/Write (average) 320 mA 1.6W
Seek (average) 320 mA 1.6W
POWER MANAGEMENT COMMANDS
Operating Mode
Current
1
5 VDC
Idle (E1H)(average) 130 mA 0.65W
Standby (E0H)(average) 40 mA 0.2W
Sleep (E6H)(average) 40 mA 0.2W
1
All values are typical (25°C and 5V input) except where specified as maximum.
Figure 2-2. Typical +5V Current Draw During Spinup
Power
Power
1
1
Note: Current is 200 mA per 10 mV vertical deflection.
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Specifications WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2
2.4.2 Input Voltage Requirements
The input voltage requirement for these drives is +5.0V ± 5%.
2.4.3 Ripple
+5 VDC
Maximum
Frequency
100 mV (peak-to-peak)
10 KHz - 30 MHz
2.4.4 ESD
The ESD specification compliance is determined at room ambient conditions with nominal power
supply settings, unless otherwise specified.
Op-System Level Minimum
Direct Contact Discharges 8KV
Direct air discharges 15KV
Indirect contact discharges (VCP&HCP) 8KV
Indirect air discharges (VCP&HCP) 15KV
Non-Op Drive Level
Direct contact discharges 8KV
Direct air discharges 15KV
2.5 Environmental Specifications
2.5.1 Shock and Vibration
Table 2-1. Shock and Vibration
Shock
Operating (2 ms) 350G
Non-operating (2 ms) 1000G
Note: Half-sine wave, measured without shock isolation and without non-recoverable errors.
Vibration
Operating 0.00459 g2/Hz (10-500 Hz)
Non-operating 0.06984 g2/Hz (10-500 Hz)
Drive Generated Vibration
Operating (average) 0.12 gm-mm
Rotational Shock Non-Operating
Amplitude 50K rad/sec
Duration 2 ms
Operating Vibration
Drives are tested by applying a random or swept sinusoidal excitation in each linear axis, one axis at a
time. The drive incurs no physical damage and no hard errors while operating and subjected to
continuous vibration not exceeding the level listed in Table 2-1. Operating performance may degrade
during periods of exposure to continuous vibration.
2
Non-Operating Vibration
Note
: This specification applies to handling and transportation of unmounted drives.
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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Specifications
Drives are tested by applying a random or swept sinusoidal excitation in each linear axis, one axis at a
time. The drive incurs no physical damage when subjected to continuous vibration not exceeding the
level listed in Table 2-1.
Drive Generated Vibration
Drives are tested by supporting a single drive horizontally in a free-free state and measuring the side-toside vibration. Self vibration may not exceed the level listed in Table 2-1.
Rotational Shock Non-Operating
Drives are tested by applying a rotational force centered around the actuator pivot. The drive incurs no
physical damage when subjected to the rotational force specified in Table 2-1.
Packaged Shock and Vibration
The shipping packaging is designed to meet the National/International Safe Transit Association (N/
ISTA) standards for packaged products. The drive incurs no physical damage when subjected to the N/
ISTA standards.
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Specifications WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2
2.5.2 Temperature and Humidity
Temperature & Humidity
Operating ambient temperature
Max base casting temperature
Humidity 8-90% RH non-condensing
Thermal Gradient 20°C/hour (maximum)
Humidity Gradient 20%/hour (maximum)
Non-operating Temperature -40°C to 65°C (-40°F to 149°F)
Humidity 5-95% RH non-condensing
Thermal Gradient 30°C/hour (maximum)
Humidity Gradient 20%/hour (maximum)
1
The system environment must allow sufficient air flow to limit maximum surface temperatures as defined.
2
See Figure 2-3.
1
0°C to 60°C (32°F to 140°F)
2
60°C (140°F)
29.4°C (maximum wet bulb)
40°C (maximum wet bulb)
2.5.3 Thermocouple Location
Component Location
Drive base casting #1, Figure 2-3
Figure 2-3. Drive Base Casting Thermocouple Location
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