WD WD3200BPVT, Scorpio Blue ML320S-AF2, WD2500BPVT Technical Reference Manual

WD Scorpio®Blue ML320S-AF2

SATA Hard Drives

Technical Reference Manual

WD3200BPVT

WD2500BPVT

WD CONFIDENTIAL

© 2011 Western Digital Technologies, Inc.

All Rights Reserved

Information furnished by WD is believed to be accurate and reliable. No license is granted by implication or
otherwise under any patent or patent rights of WD. WD reserves the right to change specifications at any
time without notice.

Western Digital, WD, the WD logo, and WD Scorpio are registered trademarks in the U.S. and other
countries; and Data Lifeguard, CacheFlow, and FIT Lab are trademarks of Western Digital Technologies, Inc.
Other marks may be mentioned herein that belong to other companies.

Western Digital
3355 Michelson Drive, Suite 100
Irvine, California 92612
U.S.A.

2679-771320-A00

Document Control Number Definition:

2679-001xxx- 0xx-Px NRD

Doc Control No. Doc Revision Level

(WD Caviar Drives)
Oxx = Released Version
Px = Review Cycle

Non-Released
Document

WD CONFIDENTIAL

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

WD3200BPVT
WD2500BPVT

Technical Reference Manual

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL)

RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-771320-A00

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. DESCRIPTION AND FEATURES ................................................................................................. 1

1.1 General Description....................................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Product Features ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1

2. SPECIFICATIONS....................................................................................................................... 3

2.1 Performance Specifications ......................................................................................................................................................... 3

2.2 Physical Specifications.................................................................................................................................................................. 4

2.2.1 Physical Dimensions ...................................................................................................................................................... 5

2.3 Mechanical Specifications............................................................................................................................................................ 6

2.4 Electrical Specifications................................................................................................................................................................ 7

2.4.1 Current Requirements and Power Dissipation ........................................................................................................ 7

2.4.2 Input Voltage Requirements......................................................................................................................................... 8

2.4.3 Ripple................................................................................................................................................................................. 8

2.4.4 ESD.................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

2.5 Environmental Specifications....................................................................................................................................................... 8

2.5.1 Shock and Vibration ....................................................................................................................................................... 9

2.5.2 Temperature and Humidity .........................................................................................................................................10

2.5.3 Thermocouple Location...............................................................................................................................................10

2.5.4 Cooling............................................................................................................................................................................ 11

2.5.5 Atmospheric Pressure .................................................................................................................................................11

2.5.6 Acoustics ........................................................................................................................................................................11

2.5.7 RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) ......................................................................................................11

2.6 Reliability Specifications .............................................................................................................................................................11

2.7 Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions ...................................................................................................................................12

2.8 Agency Approvals.........................................................................................................................................................................13

2.9 Full Model Number Specification.............................................................................................................................................. 13

3. PRODUCT FEATURES.............................................................................................................. 14

3.1 SATA 3 Gb/s and SATA 1.5 Gb/s ..........................................................................................................................................15

3.2 Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR).............................................................................................................................15

3.3 Reduced Power Spinup (RPS) ................................................................................................................................................. 16

3.4 System-on-Chip (SOC)..............................................................................................................................................................16

3.5 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT)...................................................................................................................................17

3.5.1 Write Same ....................................................................................................................................................................17

3.5.2 Read/Write Long ..........................................................................................................................................................17

3.5.3 Temperature Reporting................................................................................................................................................17

3.6 Reliability Features Set................................................................................................................................................................18

3.6.1 Data Lifeguard™ ............................................................................................................................................................18

3.6.2 Thermal Management ..................................................................................................................................................18

3.6.3 Internal Environmental Protection System ..............................................................................................................19

3.6.4 Recoverable Errors.......................................................................................................................................................19

3.6.5 Unrecoverable Errors ...................................................................................................................................................19

3.6.6 Self Test .......................................................................................................................................................................... 19

3.6.7 ATA Error Logging........................................................................................................................................................19

3.6.8 Defect Management.....................................................................................................................................................19

3.6.9 Automatic Defect Retirement.....................................................................................................................................20

3.6.10 Error Recovery Process...............................................................................................................................................20

3.7 Hot Plug Support..........................................................................................................................................................................20

3.7.1 Hot Plug Technical Issues .......................................................................................................................................... 21

3.8 Active LED Status ........................................................................................................................................................................23

3.9 Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB)..................................................................................................................................................24

3.10 Staggered Spinup and Activity Indication (SATA Power Pin 11) .....................................................................................24

3.10.1 Staggered Spinup ........................................................................................................................................................24

3.10.2 Activity Indication ..........................................................................................................................................................24

3.11 CacheFlow™ ..................................................................................................................................................................................24

3.11.1 Write Cache...................................................................................................................................................................24

3.11.2 Read Cache ...................................................................................................................................................................25

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Table of Contents WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

3.11.3 48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA) ..................................................................................................................25

3.12 Power Management .....................................................................................................................................................................25

3.13 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)..................................................................................25

3.14 Security Mode ...............................................................................................................................................................................26

3.14.1 Master and User Passwords ......................................................................................................................................26

3.14.2 Security Levels ..............................................................................................................................................................26

4. AT COMMAND SET ................................................................................................................27

4.1 Host Interface Commands .........................................................................................................................................................26

4.1.1 ATA-7/ATA-8 Commands ..........................................................................................................................................26

4.1.2 SATA 2.5 Commands..................................................................................................................................................27

4.1.3 Obsolete Commands...................................................................................................................................................27

4.1.4 SCT Commands ...........................................................................................................................................................28

4.2 S.M.A.R.T. (B0h)........................................................................................................................................................................... 28

4.2.1 Read Attribute Values Sub-Command ....................................................................................................................28

4.2.2 Supported Attributes ...................................................................................................................................................30

4.2.3 Read Log Sector...........................................................................................................................................................31

4.2.4 Offline Data Collection ................................................................................................................................................31

4.3 Identify Device (ECh)...................................................................................................................................................................32

4.4 Set Features (EFh) ......................................................................................................................................................................38

5. INSTALLATION AND SETUP PROCEDURES............................................................................. 39

5.1 Unpacking ......................................................................................................................................................................................39

5.1.1 Handling Precautions...................................................................................................................................................39

5.1.2 Inspection of Shipping Container .............................................................................................................................39

5.1.3 Removal From Shipping Container...........................................................................................................................39

5.1.4 Removal From Static Shielding Bag.........................................................................................................................40

5.1.5 Moving Precautions......................................................................................................................................................40

5.2 Mounting Restrictions..................................................................................................................................................................40

5.2.1 Orientation......................................................................................................................................................................40

5.2.2 Screw Size Limitations ................................................................................................................................................40

5.2.3 Grounding.......................................................................................................................................................................41

5.3 Jumper Settings ............................................................................................................................................................................42

6. MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................................ 43

7. TECHNICAL SUPPORT............................................................................................................. 44

7.1 WD Online Services ....................................................................................................................................................................44

8. GLOSSARY .............................................................................................................................. 45

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 List of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1 Mounting Dimensions...........................................................................................................................................6

Figure 2-2 Typical +5V Current Draw During Spinup .....................................................................................................7

Figure 2-3 Drive Base Casting Thermocouple Location ..................................................................................................9

Figure 2-4 Forced Airflow Direction ................................................................................................................................... 10

Figure 2-5 Standard Factory Connectors ......................................................................................................................... 11

Figure 3-1 RPS Spinup Profile ............................................................................................................................................ 15

Figure 5-1 Drive Handling Precautions.............................................................................................................................. 39

Figure 5-2 Hard Drive Removal From Static Shielding Bag ......................................................................................... 40

Figure 5-3 Grounding Diagram ........................................................................................................................................... 41

Figure 5-4 Jumper Settings for WD Scorpio SATA Hard Drives ................................................................................ 42

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 List of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1 Shock and Vibration ............................................................................................................................................... 8

Table 2-2 Device Pin Connector Pin Definitions............................................................................................................. 11

Table 2-3 Full Model Number Description........................................................................................................................ 12

Table 4-1 ATA-7/ATA-8 Command Opcodes................................................................................................................. 26

Table 4-2 SATA 2.5 Command Opcodes ........................................................................................................................ 27

Table 4-3 Obsolete Command Opcodes ......................................................................................................................... 27

Table 4-4 SCT Action Codes .............................................................................................................................................. 28

Table 4-5 Definitions for the 512 Bytes. ........................................................................................................................... 28

Table 4-6 Defined Error Logging Sectors......................................................................................................................... 31

Table 4-7 Identify Device Command.................................................................................................................................. 32

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) iv

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Description and Features

1.0 DESCRIPTION AND FEATURES

1.1 General Description

WD Scorpio 2.5-inch drives offer fast performance and low power consumption, making them ideal
for notebooks and other portable devices.

1.2 Product Features

 Serial ATA (SATA) — Serial ATA (SATA) is the next generation bus interface for

2.5-inch hard drives. It is designed to replace Parallel ATA, and has many advantages including
increased transfer rate, improved signal integrity, enhanced data protection, and hot plug support.

 Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR) — With PMR technology the magnetization

of each data bit is aligned vertically to the spinning disk, rather than longitudinally as has been the
case in hard drive technology for decades. This enables more data on a given disk than is possible
with conventional longitudinal recording, and provides a platform for future expansion of hard
drive densities.

 Reduced Power Spinup (RPS) — WD’s optimized start up feature specifically designed for

the external hard drive and Consumer Electronics (CE) market. Specific focus for RPS is to
minimize the duration and magnitude of the peak power consumption from the hard drive.

 System-on-Chip - The System-on-Chip (SOC) is the foundation for WD's next generation

electronics and firmware architecture. The native SATA SOC lowers component count by
integrating a hard disk controller, high performance processor, high speed execution SRAM, and
read channel in a 128-pin package.

 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT) — The SCT Command Transport feature set

provides a method for a host to send commands and data to a device and for a device to send data
and status to a host using log pages.

 Reliability Features Set-Data Lifeguard™ — Representing WD's ongoing commitment

to data protection, Data Lifeguard includes features that enhance the drive’s ability to prevent
data loss. Data Lifeguard data protection utilities include thermal management, an environmental
protection system, and embedded error detection and repair features that automatically detect,
isolate, and repair problem areas that may develop over the extended use of the hard drive. With
these enhanced data reliability features, the drive can perform more accurate monitoring, error
repair, and deliver exceptional data security.

 Hot Plug Support — SATA supports hot plugging (also known as “hot swapping”), the ability

to swap out a failed hard drive without having to power down the system or reboot. This
capability contributes to both data availability and serviceability without any associated downtime,
making it a critical feature for extending SATA into enterprise applications.

 Active LED Status — These drives support external LED requirements. It provides an activity

LED output which is ON during command execution and OFF otherwise.

 Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB) — Bearing design that incorporates a layer of high-viscosity

lubricant instead of ball bearings in the hard drive spindle motor. As an alternative to conventional
ball bearing technology, FDB designs provide increased non-operational shock resistance, speed
control, and improved acoustics.

 Staggered Spin-Up — Native SATA feature that allows the system to control whether the

drive will spin up immediately or wait until the interface is fully ready.

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Description and Features WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

 CacheFlow™ —WD’s unique, multi-generation caching algorithm evaluates the way data

is read from and written to the drive and adapts “on-the-fly” to the optimum read and write
caching methods. CacheFlow minimizes disk seek operations and overheads due to rota­tional latency. CacheFlow supports sequential and random write cache. With write cache
and other CacheFlow features, the user can cache both read and write data. The cache
can hold multiple writes and collectively write them to the hard drive.

 48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA) — WD SATA drives support both 48-bit and 28-

bit LBA and CHS-based addressing. LBA is included in advanced BIOS and operating system
device drivers and ensures high capacity disk integration.

 Power Management — WD SATA drives support the ATA and Serial ATA power

management command set, allowing the host to reduce the power consumption of the drive by
issuing a variety of power management commands.

 Automatic Defect Retirement — If the WD SATA drive detects a defective sector while

reading, writing, or performing offline data collection, it automatically relocates the sector without
end-user intervention.

 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.) — S.M.A.R.T.

enables a drive’s internal status to be monitored through diagnostic commands at the host level
and during offline activities. S.M.A.R.T. devices employ data analysis algorithms that are used to
predict the likelihood of some near-term degradation or fault conditions. When used with a
S.M.A.R.T. application, the drive can alert the host system of a negative reliability status
condition. The host system can then warn the user of the impending risk of data loss and
recommend an appropriate action.

 ATA Security — WD SATA drives support the ATA Security Mode Feature set. The ATA

Security Mode feature set allows the user to create a device lock password that prevents
unauthorized hard disk access even if the drive is removed from the host computer. The correct
password must be supplied to the hard drive in order to access user data. Both the User and
Master Password features are supported, along with the High and Maximum security modes. The
Master Password Revision code is also supported.

 Advanced Format Technology — Technology being adopted by WD and other drive

manufacturers to increase media format efficiencies, thus enabling larger drive capacities.

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Specifications

2.0 SPECIFICATIONS

2.1 Performance Specifications

Average Seek

- Read

- Write

Track-to-Track Seek

Full Stroke Seek 24 ms average

Index Pulse Period 11.1 ms (nominal)

Average Latency 5.5 ms

Rotational Speed 5400 RPM

Data Transfer Rate (maximum)

- Buffer to Host

1

12.0 ms average

15.0 ms average

1

2

1.5 ms average

3.0 Gb/s maximum

- Max buffer to disk

116 MB/s maximum

Buffer Size 8 MB

14

Error Rate - Unrecoverable <1 in 10

Spindle Start Time

- From Power-on to Drive Ready

- From Power-on to Rotational Speed

3

4

4.0s average

2.0s average

bits read

Spindle Stop Time 8s average

Load/Unload Cycles

1

During continuous Seek, Read, or Write commands, an algorithm in the code will add latency as required to keep

the VCM motor from overheating;s seek performance will be impacted under this condition.

2

As used for storage capacity, one megabyte (MB) = one million bytes, one gigabyte (GB) = one billion bytes, and
one terabyte (TB) = one trillion bytes. Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment. As
used for buffer or cache, one megabyte (MB) = 1,048,576 bytes. As used for transfer rate or interface, megabyte
per second (MB/s) = one million bytes per second, and gigabit per second (Gb/s) = one billion bits per second.
Effective maximum SATA 3 Gb/s transfer rate calculated according to the Serial ATA specification published by
the SATA-IO organization as of the date of this specification sheet. Visit www.sata-io.org for details.

3

Defined as the time from power-on to the setting of Drive Ready and Seek Complete including calibration.

4

Defined as the time from power-on to when the full spindle rotational speed is reached.

5

Controlled unload at ambient condition.

5

600,000

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Specifications WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

2.2 Physical Specifications

Physical

WD2500BPVT WD3200BPVT

Specifications

Capacity

Interface (BEVT) SATA 3.0 Gb/s SATA 3.0 Gb/s

Actuator Type Rotary Voice

Number of Disks 1 1

Data Surfaces 2 2

Number of Heads 2 2

Physical bytes per Sector 4096 4096

Host bytes per Sector 512 512

User Sectors per Drive 488,397,168 625,142,448

Servo Type Embedded Embedded

Recording Method Partial DC

ECC Reed-Solomon Reed-Solomon

1

1

As used for storage capacity, one megabyte (MB) = one million bytes, one gigabyte (GB) =

one billion bytes, and one terabyte (TB) = one trillion bytes. Total accessible capacity varies
depending on operating environment. As used for buffer or cache, one megabyte
(MB) = 1,048,576 bytes. As used for transfer rate or interface, megabyte per second (MB/s)
= one million bytes per second, and gigabit per second (Gb/s) = one billion bits per second.
Effective maximum SATA 3 Gb/s transfer rate calculated according to the Serial ATA
specification published by the SATA-IO organization as of the date of this specification sheet.
Visit www.sata-io.org for details.

250,059 MB 320,072 MB

Rotary Voice

Coil

Tar get

Coil

Partial DC

Tar get

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Specifications

2.2.1 Physical Dimensions

English Metric

Dimension Tolerance Dimension Tolerance

Height 0.374 inches ±0.01 inch 9.50 mm ±0.20 mm

Length 3.94 inches ±0.01 inch 100.20 mm ±0.25 mm

Width 2.75 inches ±0.01 inch 69.85 mm ±0.25 mm

Weight (typical) 0.22 pounds — 98 gm —

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Specifications WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

2.3 Mechanical Specifications

Figure 2-1 shows the mounting dimensions and locations of the screw holes for the drive.

Figure 2-1. Mounting Dimensions

MAX

9.70

3
2x

4

Z

0.25

69.85

4.07
2x

0.2

9.5

B

0.25

4X

B

A

4X M3 THREAD

2.5mm FULL THREAD

DEPTH MIN

MIN

4.60

4x

61.72
2x

C

0.25

100.20

76.60
2x

60.40

C

B

14.30

34.93

0.5

1.93

MAX

70.10

76.60

D

76.60

2x

0.5

3.925

3

14.3
4x

2x

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Specifications

2.4 Electrical Specifications

2.4.1 Current Requirements and Power Dissipation

Operating Mode

Current

1

5 VDC

Spinup (max) 950 mA 4.75W

Read/Write (average) 320 mA 1.6W

Seek (average) 320 mA 1.6W

POWER MANAGEMENT COMMANDS

Operating Mode

Current

1

5 VDC

Idle (E1H)(average) 130 mA 0.65W

Standby (E0H)(average) 40 mA 0.2W

Sleep (E6H)(average) 40 mA 0.2W

1

All values are typical (25°C and 5V input) except where specified as maximum.

Figure 2-2. Typical +5V Current Draw During Spinup

Power

Power

1

1

Note: Current is 200 mA per 10 mV vertical deflection.

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Specifications WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

2.4.2 Input Voltage Requirements

The input voltage requirement for these drives is +5.0V ± 5%.

2.4.3 Ripple

+5 VDC

Maximum
Frequency

100 mV (peak-to-peak)

10 KHz - 30 MHz

2.4.4 ESD

The ESD specification compliance is determined at room ambient conditions with nominal power
supply settings, unless otherwise specified.

Op-System Level Minimum

Direct Contact Discharges 8KV

Direct air discharges 15KV

Indirect contact discharges (VCP&HCP) 8KV

Indirect air discharges (VCP&HCP) 15KV

Non-Op Drive Level

Direct contact discharges 8KV

Direct air discharges 15KV

2.5 Environmental Specifications

2.5.1 Shock and Vibration

Table 2-1. Shock and Vibration

Shock

Operating (2 ms) 350G

Non-operating (2 ms) 1000G

Note: Half-sine wave, measured without shock isolation and without non-recoverable errors.

Vibration

Operating 0.00459 g2/Hz (10-500 Hz)

Non-operating 0.06984 g2/Hz (10-500 Hz)

Drive Generated Vibration

Operating (average) 0.12 gm-mm

Rotational Shock Non-Operating

Amplitude 50K rad/sec

Duration 2 ms

Operating Vibration

Drives are tested by applying a random or swept sinusoidal excitation in each linear axis, one axis at a
time. The drive incurs no physical damage and no hard errors while operating and subjected to
continuous vibration not exceeding the level listed in Table 2-1. Operating performance may degrade
during periods of exposure to continuous vibration.

2

Non-Operating Vibration

Note

: This specification applies to handling and transportation of unmounted drives.

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Specifications

Drives are tested by applying a random or swept sinusoidal excitation in each linear axis, one axis at a
time. The drive incurs no physical damage when subjected to continuous vibration not exceeding the
level listed in Table 2-1.

Drive Generated Vibration

Drives are tested by supporting a single drive horizontally in a free-free state and measuring the side-to­side vibration. Self vibration may not exceed the level listed in Table 2-1.

Rotational Shock Non-Operating

Drives are tested by applying a rotational force centered around the actuator pivot. The drive incurs no
physical damage when subjected to the rotational force specified in Table 2-1.

Packaged Shock and Vibration

The shipping packaging is designed to meet the National/International Safe Transit Association (N/
ISTA) standards for packaged products. The drive incurs no physical damage when subjected to the N/
ISTA standards.

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 9

Specifications WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

2.5.2 Temperature and Humidity

Temperature & Humidity

Operating ambient temperature

Max base casting temperature

Humidity 8-90% RH non-condensing

Thermal Gradient 20°C/hour (maximum)

Humidity Gradient 20%/hour (maximum)

Non-operating Temperature -40°C to 65°C (-40°F to 149°F)

Humidity 5-95% RH non-condensing

Thermal Gradient 30°C/hour (maximum)

Humidity Gradient 20%/hour (maximum)

1

The system environment must allow sufficient air flow to limit maximum surface temperatures as defined.

2

See Figure 2-3.

1

0°C to 60°C (32°F to 140°F)

2

60°C (140°F)

29.4°C (maximum wet bulb)

40°C (maximum wet bulb)

2.5.3 Thermocouple Location

Component Location

Drive base casting #1, Figure 2-3

Figure 2-3. Drive Base Casting Thermocouple Location

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Specifications

2.5.4 Cooling

If forced air cooling is required, the drive must be positioned to receive airflow from one or more fans
as indicated in Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-4. Forced Airflow Direction

2.5.5 Atmospheric Pressure

Altitude

Operating -1,000 feet to 10,000 feet (-305m to 3,048m)

Non-operating -1,000 feet to 40,000 feet (-305m to 12,192m)

2.5.6 Acoustics

TYPICAL SOUND POWER LEVEL

Idle (average dBA)

Seek (average dBA)

1

Measured per ECMA-74/ISO 7779.

2

No audible pure tones.

3

Random seek at a rate of 26 seeks per second.

2

3

2.5.7 RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances)

WD complies with the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive 2002/95/EC of the
European Parliament, which is effective in the EU beginning July 1, 2006. RoHS aims to protect
human health and the environment by restricting the use of certain hazardous substances in new
equipment, and consists of restrictions on lead, mercury, cadmium, and other substances.

The reliability, performance, and specifications of WD products are unchanged from previously
manufactured WD products, remaining among the highest in the industry.

2.6 Reliability Specifications

Component Design Life 5 years

AFR <0.5%

Duty Cycle 40%

Power on Hours (POH) 3120

1

Ambient temperature 35°C, HDD temperature 40°C.

1

22

25

1

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Specifications WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

2.7 Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions

The drive interfaces with the host I/O bus via the SATA interface connection, and receives power from
the SATA power connection, illustrated in Figure 2-5 below. Table 2-2 identifies the pin definitions of
the SATA connectors and the corresponding signal names and signal functions.

Figure 2-5. Standard Factory Connectors

Table 2-2. Device Pin Connector Pin Definitions

S1 Gnd 2nd mate

S2 A+ Differential signal pair A from Phy

S3 A-

S4 Gnd 2nd mate

S5 B- Differential signal pair B from Phy

Signal segment

Power segment

S6 B+

S7 Gnd 2nd mate

Key and spacing separate signal and power segments

P1

P2

P3

V

33

V

33

V

33

3.3 V power, NOT CONNECTED

3.3 V power, NOT CONNECTED

3.3 V power, pre-charge, 2nd mate, NOT CONNECTED

P4 Gnd 1st mate, GROUND

P5 Gnd 2nd mate, GROUND

P6 Gnd 2nd mate, GROUND

P7

P8

P9

V

5

V

5

V

5

5V power, Precharge, 2nd mate

5V power

2nd mate, 5V power

P10 Gnd 2nd mate, GROUND

P11 ACT- Activity LED- (O.C.)/Staggered Spin-up Disable Control

P12 Gnd 1st mate, GROUND

P13

P14

P15

V

12

V

12

V

12

12 V power, pre-charge, 2nd mate, NOT CONNECTED

12 V power, NOT CONNECTED

12 V power, NOT CONNECTED

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Specifications

2.8 Agency Approvals

ML320S-AF2 Regulatory Number (R/N): 771692

These drives meet the standards of the following regulatory agencies:

 Federal Communication Commission: Verified to comply with FCC Rules for Radiated

and Conducted Emission, Part 15, Subpart B, for Class B Equipment.

 Underwriters Laboratories: Bi-National UL Standard CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 60950/UL

60950-1. Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment, including Electrical
Business Equipment (File E101559).

 TUV NORD CERT GmbH: IEC-950 (EN60950) Standard for Safety of Information

Technology Equipment, including Electrical Business Equipment. EN60065. Standard of Safety
for Audio, Video, and Similar Electronic Apparatus.

 CE Compliance for Europe: Verified to comply with EN55022:2006 for RF Emissions and

EN55024:1998, A1:2001 + A2:2003, EN61000-3-2:2000, EN61000-3-3:1995 + A1:2001 for
Generic Immunity as applicable.

 C-Tick Compliance for Australia: Verified to comply with AS/NZ3548 for RF Emissions as

required by the Australian Communications Authority.

 Korean RRA Mark: Registered as a Class-B product with the South Korean Ministry of

Information and Communication.

 Taiwan BSMI EMI Certification: Certified as a Class-B product with the Bureau of

Standards Metrology and Inspection (BSMI).

2.9 Full Model Number Specification

Table 2-3 below provides a summary specification of the model number suffix for this product
platform.

Table 2-3. Full Model Number Description

Model Number Format ID Product Brand RPM Description

WDxxxxBPVT-XXJJ5TX JJ5 WD Scorpio Blue 5400 ML320S-AF2 8 MB SATA 3.0 Gb/s Halogen

free

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Product Features WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

3.0 PRODUCT FEATURES

 SATA 3.0 Gb/s

 Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR)

 Reduced Power Spinup (RPS)

 System-on-Chip (SOC)

 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT)

 Reliability Features Set—Data Lifeguard™

 Hot Plug Support

 Active LED Status

 Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB)

 Staggered Spin-Up and Activity Indication (SATA Power Pin 11)

 CacheFlow™

 48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA)

 Power Management

 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)

 Security Mode

 Advanced Format Technology

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Product Features

3.1 SATA 3 Gb/s

SATA 3 Gb/s is the next generation interface for SATA hard drives. It adds to the functionality of the
SATA I interface with the following features:

 Improved Power Management— provides improved power management features including

Host Initiated SATA Power Management (HIPM) and Device Initiated SATA Power
Management (DIPM).

 Staggered Spin-up — allows the system to control whether the drive will spin up immediately

or wait until the interface is fully ready before spinning up.

 Asynchronous Signal Recovery (ASR) — robustness feature that improves signal

recovery.

 Enclosure Services — defines external enclosure management and support features.
 Backplane Interconnect — defines how to lay out signal line traces in a backplane.
 Auto-activate DMA — provides increased command efficiency through automated activation

of the DMA controller.

 Device Configuration Overlay (DCO) — allows hiding of supported features via a SATA

feature mask.

3.2 Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR)

In perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR), the magnetization of each data bit is aligned vertically to
the spinning disk, rather than longitudinally as has been the case in hard drive technology for decades.
In longitudinal recording, as the bits become smaller and closer together, they experience an increasing
demagnetizing field, much like two bar magnets that are placed end-to-end repel one another. A
property of the media called coercivity must be increased to counteract the demagnetization to keep the
bits stable under thermal fluctuations; otherwise data corruption may occur over time. Higher media
coercivity has pushed the recording head write field to the limit of known materials.

In perpendicular recording, the adjacent bits attract instead of repel (as with bar magnets placed side by
side,) creating more thermally stable bits. In addition, the media contains a magnetically soft
underlayer (SUL) beneath the recording layer. This SUL allows a larger effective write field, thus higher
coercivity media, enabling further increases in density. Lastly, because of the vertical orientation of the
bits, the PMR recording layer tends to be thicker than that used for longitudinal recording, providing
increased signal for the read heads. All of these benefits enable WD engineers to reliably pack more data
on a given disk than is possible with conventional longitudinal recording.

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Product Features WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

3.3 Reduced Power Spinup (RPS)

Applications for 2.5-inch hard drives like the WD Scorpio include USB external hard drives, notebook
systems, and Consumer Electronics (CE). Due to the fact that many of these applications are portable
in nature, an option for limiting startup current levels and increasing spinup speed is necessary.

To address this requirement, WD has developed Reduced Power Spinup (RPS) mode.
RPS-enabled drives use minimal power consumption during spin up, allowing a greater range of
compatibility with various systems and cables in the marketplace.

RPS mode is set via jumper. See figure 5-4 more information.

Figure 3-1. RPS Spinup Profile

mA

mA

mA

mA

mA

Note: Current is 200 mA per 10 mV vertical deflection.

3.4 System-on-Chip (SOC)

The System-on-Chip (SOC) is the foundation for WD's next generation electronics and firmware
architecture. The native SATA SOC lowers component count by integrating a hard disk controller,
high performance processor, high speed execution SRAM, and read channel in a 128-pin package. The
processor has a 5-stage pipeline which can execute instructions in a single cycle and a DSP engine for
enhanced operations. The SOC has on-chip tightly coupled memory for high speed code and data
execution that maximizes the processing bandwidth for timing critical operations. It has a high
performance disk controller that incorporates maximum flexibility, modularity, performance, and low
power consumption. The read/write channel has advanced detection capabilities for high-density
drives.

Seconds

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3.5 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT)

The SCT Command Transport feature set provides a method for a host to send commands and data to
a device and for a device to send data and status to a host using log pages. Standard ATA commands
may be interspersed with SCT commands, but SCT commands cannot be nested. SCT commands that
do not require a subsequent data transfer operation are not interspersed with any ATA commands or
each other.

The SCT Command Transport feature set provides a method for a host to send commands and data to
a device and for a device to send data and status to a host using log pages. This capabilitility is used to
pass commands through a driver interface or a bridge where new or unknown commands may be
filtered and not passed to the drive. SCT is also used for issuing commands that require more than 8
parameter bytes. ATA8-ACS provides detailed information on the usage and capabilities of SCT. The
SCT feature set includes the following commands:

 Write Same

 Read/Write Long

 Temperature Reporting

3.5.1 Write Same

The Write Same command allows the host to erase the media, or write a pattern repeatedly across the
media, with a minimum of data transfer from the host. The host can clear the entire media to zeros or
a specific pattern by sending this command with the pattern as a parameter—no data transfer is
necessary. Write Same can write the entire media, or just a portion of the media. The host can monitor
the progress of the Write Same by issuing SCT Status requests. This frees the host system to do other
tasks while the media is being cleared.

3.5.2 Read/Write Long

The function performed by the Long Sector Access command is based on the obsolete ATA READ
LONG/WRITE LONG capability, and has been extended beyond 28-bit addressing. The Long Sector
data format for both reads and writes is two blocks long (i.e., each block is 512 bytes long). The first
block contains the user data. The second data block contains the error correction and detection bytes.
The remainder of the second block should contain zeros. Once the SCT command has been issued and
the status response indicates that the device is ready to transfer data, log page E1h should be read or
written to transfer the data. Long Sector Access commands cause a forced unit access to occur.

3.5.3 Temperature Reporting

The SCT Temperature Reporting (SCT TR) feature allows a host system to access temperature
information in the drive. This information can been used to control fans or adjust the usage of various
system components to keep the drive within its normal operating temperature. Applications include
Enterprise, Laptop, Desktop and Consumer Electronics. SCT TR reports the maximum and minimum
sustained operating limits, warning level limits, and drive damage limits. In addition to reporting the
limits, SCT TR returns the current drive temperature (a temperature history which the host can use to
predict heating or cooling trends) and the maximum temperature acheived during the lifetime of the
drive as well as the highest temperature achieved since the power was applied to the drive. Detailed
information on this capability can be found in ATA8-ACS.

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Product Features WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

3.6 Reliability Features Set

3.6.1 Data Lifeguard™

1

Representing WD's ongoing commitment to data protection, Data Lifeguard includes features that
enhance the drive’s ability to prevent data loss. Data Lifeguard data protection utilities include thermal
management, an environmental protection system, and embedded error detection and repair features
that automatically detect, isolate, and repair problem areas that may develop over the extended use of
the hard drive. With these enhanced data reliability features, the drive can perform more accurate
monitoring, error repair, and deliver exceptional data security.

This self-tuning feature is performed during offline data collection scan. All user sectors on the hard
drive are scanned during times of no activity from the host. Any sector determined to be written poorly
(e.g., off-track), or that is difficult to recover (e.g., because of a developing media defect or thermal
asperity), is marked for repair. Data Lifeguard actively guards your data, even if S.M.A.R.T. operations
are disabled.

All WD drives are defect-free and low-level formatted at the factory. After prolonged use, any drive,
including a WD drive, may develop defects. If you continue receiving data errors in any given file, use
the Data Lifeguard Diagnostics utility to recover, relocate and rewrite the user data to the nearest spare
sector and maintain a secondary defect list.

CAUTION: As with all format utilities, some options in the Data Lifeguard Diagnostics utility will overwrite user
data.

Download the latest versions of the Data Lifeguard Diagnostic and Data Lifeguard Tools programs at

support.wdc.com.

3.6.2 Thermal Management

The drive is designed with Thermal Management features for high reliability.

 State-of-the-art mechanical design—Mechanical design is optimized to reduce the drive’s

temperature. State-of-the-art thermal dissipation and windage design is employed.

 Closed loop servo management—Thermal management monitors the drive temperature

and can control servo operations to maintain a stable operating temperature under high
temperature conditions. This is a closed loop servo and thermal control system.

 S.M.A.R.T. HDA Temperature Attribute—The S.M.A.R.T. HDA Temperature Attribute is

supported.

 Ducted airflow—Provides protection to the Read/Write element from heated air.

1. Default shipping configuration has Data Lifeguard feature disabled for power management optimization.

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3.6.3 Internal Environmental Protection System

This system protects the inside environment of the drive from contamination. System features include:

 Filtration System to ensure fast clean-up times

 Directed airflow to maximize mechanical cooling

 Increase casting surface area to maximize cooling

 Ducted air flow to protect read/write elements from heated air

 Breather filter located at low pressure area

 Enhanced heat dissipation

3.6.4 Recoverable Errors

A sector marked for repair is written back to the same location. The sector is then read several times to
be sure that it was written correctly and that there is no media damage at its location (sector test). If the
sector does not easily and consistently read correctly, the sector is then relocated with original data.

3.6.5 Unrecoverable Errors

If an unrecoverable error is found during the offline scan, the sector is marked. Future reads from this
location will continue to perform full error recovery. However, the next write to this location will
perform a sector test to be sure the media is not damaged, and the sector relocated if the sector test fails.

3.6.6 Self Test

Self Test is a quick way to determine the operation status of a drive. The following Self Tests are
supported:

 Quick Test: Completes in less than two minutes.

 Extended Test: Tests all the critical subsystems of the drive.

 Conveyance Test: Quickly identifies issues caused by handling damage.

 Selective Test: Scans host-defined sections of the drive.

The test may be run to completion or be performed as a background task as the drive processes other
commands from the host. The host may then poll the drive for runtime status and test results. Since the
test is embedded in the drive’s firmware, it is always available, requires no installation and can be faster
and more effective than a software-based drive test.

3.6.7 ATA Error Logging

ATA Error Logging provides an industry standard means to record error events and supporting
information that is then accessible by the host. The event record includes the exact command that
caused the failure, the response of the drive, the time of the event and information about the four
commands immediately prior to the errant command. Error Logging can reliably and quickly
determine whether a system problem is the result of a hard drive failure or other component
malfunction. Error Logging retains total error count for the life of the drive and complete records for
the last five errors.

3.6.8 Defect Management

Every WD drive undergoes factory-level intelligent burn in, which thoroughly tests for and maps out
defective sectors on the media before the drive leaves the manufacturing facility. Following the factory
tests, a primary defect list is created. The list contains the cylinder, head, and sector numbers for all
defects.

Defects managed at the factory are sector slipped. Grown defects that can occur in the field are mapped
out by relocation to spare sectors on the inner cylinders of the drive.

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3.6.9 Automatic Defect Retirement

The automatic defect retirement feature automatically maps out defective sectors while reading or
writing. If a defective sector appears, the drive finds a spare sector.

The following item is specific to automatic defect retirement on writes (write auto-relocation):

 Data is always written to disk (using automatic defect retirement if required) and no error is

reported.

The following item is specific to automatic defect retirement on reads (read auto-relocation):

 When host retries are enabled, the drive will internally flag any unrecoverable errors (DAMNF or

ECC). This flagging allows subsequent write commands to this location to relocate the sector only
if the sector test fails.

3.6.10 Error Recovery Process

The drive has five means of error recovery:

 ECC On-the-Fly

 Read/Write Retry Procedure

 Extended Read Retry Procedure

ECC On-the-Fly – If an ECC error occurs, the drive attempts to correct it on-the-fly without retries.
Data can be corrected in this manner without performance penalty. The details of the correction
algorithm appear in the next section.

Read/Write Retry Procedure – This retry procedure is used by all disk controller error types. If the
procedure succeeds in reading or writing the sector being tried, then recovery is complete and the
controller continues with the command. Each retry operation also checks for servo errors. The
procedure ends when error recovery is achieved or when all possible retries have been attempted.

Extended Read Retry Procedure – This retry procedure tries combinations of positive/negative track
offsets and data DAC manipulations to recover the data. This retry procedure applies only to read data
recovery. The Read/Write Retry procedure performs the actual retry operation.

When an extended retry operation is successful, the controller continues with the command. The
controller clears any changes in track offset or data DAC settings before the command continues.

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3.7 Hot Plug Support

SATA supports hot plugging (also known as “hot swapping”), the ability to swap out a failed hard drive
without having to power down the system or reboot. This capability contributes to both data
availability and serviceability without any associated downtime, making it a critical feature for
extending SATA into enterprise applications.

WD SATA drives support hot plugging only in systems where a SATA hard drive storage backplane is
used.

The Serial ATA revision 2.5 specification requires staggered pins for both the hard drive and drive
receptacles. Staggered pins mate the power signals in the appropriate sequences required for powering
up the hot plugged device. These pins are also specified to handle in excess of the maximum allowed
inrush current that occurs during drive insertion. SATA-compliant devices thus need no further
modification to be hot pluggable and provide the necessary building blocks for a robust hot plug
solution, which typically includes:

 Device detection even with power downed receptacles (typical of server applications).

 Pre-charging resistors to passively limit inrush current during drive insertion.

 Hot plug controllers to actively limit inrush current during drive insertion.

3.7.1 Hot Plug Technical Issues

Reliable hot plugging of disk drives requires careful design of specific issues. Generally, hot plugging is
only allowed when blind mating with a backplane, where there are controlled tolerances for alignment
of mating connectors. The main issue is preventing droop (a momentary drop in voltage) of the
backplane's voltage busses during insertion because of inrush current to charging bypass capacitors in
the disk drive.

3.7.1.1 Methods of Controlling Inrush Current

There are two methods of limiting inrush current when hot plugging disk drives. They are hot plug
controller IC's and precharge resistors.

3.7.1.1.1 Hot Plug Controller IC's

Hot plug controller IC's ramp up voltages to the inserted disk drive at a controlled slow rate (a constant
dv/dt), after full connector mating has been established. This eliminates almost all inrush current. This
method does not require staggered precharge contacts, although there usually is a staggered ground
'mate first' pin(s) to ensure ground connection before making power and signal connections.
Sometimes added ground pins on both ends of the mating connector are staggered 'mate last' providing
the hot plug controller a clear indication of all other pins making solid contact. From an engineering
standpoint, this is the most reliable method of hot plugging disk drives, but is expensive to implement
on backplanes.

3.7.1.1.2 Precharge Resistors

Current limiting series precharge resistors on designated power pins make contact before hard power
connection is made, providing controlled partial charge of the disk drive's decoupling capacitors. This
partial charge is due to IR drop across the precharge resistor caused by disk drive DC loads at partial
power. A second current surge occurs when final power connections are made, completing charge of
the decoupling capacitors. Use of precharge resistors requires three stages of contact sequencing on the
mating connector. The first stage makes initial ground contact, establishing a ground reference between
the disk drive and backplane. It also discharges any ESD voltage between the two devices. The second
stage contacts connect the precharge resistors, supplying limited current to the inserting disk drive's
voltage busses. This allows partial charging of decoupling capacitors on the disk drive. Stage three
contacts make hard power and signals connections. The ideal value for precharge resistors is where peak
inrush current for both the precharge resistor connections and final hard power connections are similar
in amplitude. Even with precharge resistors, there may be some momentary droop of the backplane

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Product Features WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

voltage busses. This residual droop needs to be eliminated or at least reduced to a very small value
because most power distribution budgets do not provide allowances for this droop. Low ESR bulk
capacitors installed on the backplane voltage busses for each hot plug connector can minimize this
droop. Organic dielectric aluminum electrolytic's like OSCON capacitors are a good choice.

3.7.1.2 Capacitor Inrush Current Issues

Tantalum decoupling capacitors can be damaged if inrush current is excessive. Inrush current issues
with Tantalum capacitors are complex, but manufactures recommend, as a general rule, 1 ohm of
resistance for every volt being switched or a maximum inrush current of 1 amp. See "Surge in solid
Tantalum Capacitors" by John Gill of AVX Corporation. This limits the lowest value of precharge
resistance for each voltage bus used to a resistance in ohms equal to the bus voltage in volts.

3.7.1.3 Connector Inrush Current Issues

The SATA specification requires 1.5 amps current capacity for every power connector pin. This is well
above the initial precharge resistor inrush current limit set by tantalum capacitor requirements. The
second inrush current spike when hard power connection is made along with whatever DC current has
been established at that time could exceed 1.5 amps but for too short a period of time (<1 ms) to have
any affect on connector reliability.

3.7.1.4 Disk Drive Hot Plug Insertion Velocity

The delay between precharge resistor connections and final power connections must be sufficient to
allow precharge resistor charging of the disk drives power busses to at least 90% of maximum value the
precharge resistors are capable of. The following compares calculated maximum allowable insertion
velocity with SATA specification insertion velocity analysis.

3.7.1.4.1 Calculated Velocity

The minimum SATA mating connector staggered pin spacing is 0.35 millimeters. Disk drives typically
have around 20mF input capacitance on power busses. Assuming 20mF total decoupling capacitance
and a 10-ohm series precharge resistor, the precharge time constant is 0.2 milliseconds. From this, the
maximum total precharge time to 90% of full charge is around 2.2 ´ 0.2 milliseconds or 0.44
milliseconds. Therefore, the maximum insertion velocity allowed is .035 centimeters divided by 0.44
milliseconds giving a maximum insertion velocity of 80 centimeters per second.

3.7.1.4.2 SATA Insertion Velocity Analysis

The SATA specification has done tests with hot plug insertion speed. The fastest insertion velocities
achieved produced a staggered contact delay of 3 milliseconds, well within the previous 0.44
millisecond calculated minimum staggered pin delay allowed. The SATA specification also states that
the average effective input capacitance of most of the disk drives tested was 20 mF, the same value used
in the previous calculations. The hot plug verification test procedure later in this document includes a
test to verify this information.

3.7.1.5 SATA Disk Drive Hot Plug Design Issues

The SATA specification provides pins for series precharge resistors allowing use of this less expensive
implementation. This does not exclude the backplane designer from using hot plug controller IC's for
a more robust design. The only design requirements for the SATA disk drive its self are providing
staggered precharge contacts on the hot plug connector per the SATA specification and ensuring that
decoupling capacitors can tolerate a momentary inrush current of about 1 ampere.

3.7.1.5.1 Future Disk Drive Design Change Issues

Any increase in effective decoupling capacitance above 20 mF on any of the disk drive's voltage busses
could affect the hot plug compatibility. Any significant change in power-up DC load at power up

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could also be a problem with backward compatibility. Both these issues need new specification items in
drive specifications to set limits for both the disk drive designers and designers of hot plug enclosures.

3.7.1.6 Hot Plug Removal Issues

Generally, removal of hot plug disk drives does not present any technical issues. Drives are usually in a
low power state prior to removal. Decoupling capacitors in the disk drive will continue to provide
power long enough to soften the sudden loss of current. Bulk capacitors in the power supply and
backplane will absorb the drop in power long enough for the regulators to adjust.

3.7.1.7 ESD Issues

Prior to insertion, disk drives can have static charges of thousands of volts relative to the enclosure. This
charge needs discharging during the insertion process. If insertion guides are ESD resistive, they will
discharge the static charge prior to contact with the mating connector. If the guides are not conductive,
then any static charge will discharge at first contact of the mating connector ground pins. This sudden
discharge will normally not cause any problems because the static charge of the disk drive is common
mode to all internal circuitry making internal differential current and voltages low during discharge.
Because of the unpredictable nature of ESD, use of ESD resistive (not metal) insertion guides is a safer
solution since it gradually discharges any static charge. Having the disk drive enclosed in a canister also
helps ensure proper discharge. It is the responsibility of the hot plug enclosure designer to handle ESD
issues in a safe manner.

3.7.1.8 Drive Canisters

Hot pluggable disk drives can be enclosed in a canister for added protection. This added protection is
both mechanical and electrical. The main electrical protection is from ESD. Canisters prevent any local
discharge onto sensitive parts of the disk drive during handling and insertion. Canisters do increase the
cost of the system.

3.8 Active LED Status

The drive supports external LED requirements. It provides an activity LED output which is ON
during command execution and OFF otherwise.

The drive strength of this open Drain Drive Active signal is that it can sink 12mA to 0.4V Max. It is
5V tolerant, meaning that the external LED may be driven from +5V or +3.3V so long as the Host
system provides a series resistor to limit the LED current to the lower of 12mA or the rated operating
current of the LED. As an example with +5V and a 2 volt forward drop across a 10mA LED, a 300
Ohm 5% 1/16W resistor would be suitable. In the case of a 3.3V supply for the same LED, the resistor
would be 130 Ohm 5% 1/16W.

The pin corresponding to P11 shall be used for Active LED (see “Device Pin Connector Pin
Definitions” on page 12).

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3.9 Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB)

Bearing design that incorporates a layer of high-viscosity lubricant instead of ball bearings in the hard
drive spindle motor. As an alternative to conventional ball bearing technology, FDB designs provide
increased non-operational shock resistance, speed control, and improved acoustics.

3.10 Staggered Spinup and Activity Indication (SATA Power Pin 11)

SATA device power connector pin 11 (see “Standard Factory Connectors” on page 12) is defined as a
means by the host to DISABLE staggered spinup and it may also be used by the device to provide the
host with an activity indication. According to the SATA II specs, "Staggered Spin-up Disable and
Activity Signal shall not be enabled at the same time."

3.10.1 Staggered Spinup

When multiple disks are installed in an enclosure, it is desirable to provide a simple mechanism by
which a subsystem controller can sequence hard drive initialization to minimize the current load
presented during power up. Staggered spinup provides this mechanism by preventing the hard drives
from spinning up until after successful PHY initialization (i.e., after PHY enters DP7:DR_Ready
state).

Staggered spinup is only applicable during initial power-up. If a drive is spun down using ATA
commands—as a result of having been placed in Standby or Sleep power modes, for example—the
drive shall spin up following the rules that govern spinup from low power modes described in ATA/
ATAPI-6 or later.

3.10.2 Activity Indication

The host controller through SATA power pin 11 may access storage device status and activity. The
signal provided by the device for activity indication is a low-voltage low-current signal. It is not suitable
for directly driving an LED. A buffer circuit external to the device must be employed to drive the LED.
The activity signal is based on an open-collector or open-drain active low driver. The device shall
tolerate the activity signal being shorted to ground.

3.11 CacheFlow™

CacheFlow is WD’s unique, multi-generation disk caching system. It incorporates read cache with
write cache.

WD designed CacheFlow to obtain maximum performance with today’s most popular operating
systems and applications. CacheFlow increases performance over prior caching algorithms by
increasing the number of times that requested data is in the cache. This reduces the number of host
commands that require actual media access thereby improving overall drive performance.

Typical applications perform a variety of access patterns, such as random, sequential, and repetitive.
CacheFlow is designed to dynamically adapt to the changes in access patterns that occur during the
course of application execution.

Random mode is the default operational mode for CacheFlow. Once CacheFlow detects a sequential
access pattern, it leaves random mode. CacheFlow also performs predictive read operations to increase
the probability that data requested in future commands already exists in the cache.

CacheFlow partitions the buffer into multiple segments to allow for the fact that applications may
access multiple non-contiguous areas on the disk. CacheFlow tracks the amount of valid data in each
segment and controls the deallocation of segments to maximize drive performance.

3.11.1 Write Cache

CacheFlow is designed to improve both single and multi-sector write performance by reducing delays
caused by seek time and rotational latency.

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The write cache adaptively detects random and sequential access patterns during application execution.

If a defective sector is found during a write cache operation, that sector is automatically relocated before
the write occurs.

3.11.2 Read Cache

CacheFlow implements a multiple segment read cache. Cache segments are assigned to read commands
as they are received from the host.

Each read segment consists of pre and post read sectors in addition to the host-requested sectors. This
maximizes the amount of cache data in the drive’s buffer, thereby increasing the likelihood of cache hits
and improving overall performance.

3.11.3 48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA)

The 48-bit Address feature set allows devices with capacities up to approximately 281 tera sectors or
approximately 144 peta bytes. In addition, the number of sectors that may be transferred by a single
command are increased by increasing the allowable sector count to 16 bits.

48-bit Address

Bits (47:40) Bits (39:32) Bits (31:24) Bits (23:16) Bits (15:8) Bits (7:0)

LBA High (exp) LBA Mid (exp) LBA Low (exp) LBA High LBA Mid LBA Low

16-bit Sector Count

Bits (15:8) Bits (7:0)

Sector Count

(exp)

Sector Count

3.12 Power Management

The drives support the ATA power management commands that lower the average power consumption
of the hard drives. For example, to take advantage of the lower power consumption modes of the drive,
an energy efficient host system could implement a power management scheme that issues a Standby
Immediate command when a host resident disk inactivity timer expires. The Standby Immediate
command causes the drive to spin down and enter a low-power mode. Subsequent disk access
commands would cause the drive to spin up and execute the new command.

To avoid excessive wear on the drive due to the starting and stopping of the HDA, set the host’s disk
inactivity timer to no shorter than ten minutes.

The drives also support the SATA power management feature that lowers the average power
consumption of the SATA interface.

3.13 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)

S.M.A.R.T. helps you monitor a drive’s internal status through diagnostic commands at the host level.

The drive monitors Read Error Rate, Start/Stop Count, Re-allocated Sector Count, Seek Error Rate,
Power-on Hours Count, Spin-up Retry Count, Drive Calibration Retry Count, Drive Power Cycle
Count, Offline Scan Uncorrectable Sector Count, Ultra ATA CRC Error Rate, Multi-zone Error Rate,
Spin-up Time, Relocation Event Count, and Current Pending Sector Count. The hard drive updates
and stores these attributes in the reserved area of the disk. The drive also stores a set of attribute
thresholds that correspond to the calculated attribute values. Each attribute threshold indicates the
point at which its corresponding attribute value achieves a negative reliability status.

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Product Features WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

3.14 Security Mode

The Security Mode feature set allows the user to create a device lock password that prevents
unauthorized hard drive access even if the drive is removed from the computer.

3.14.1 Master and User Passwords

The manufacturer/dealer can set a master password using the Security Set Password command, without
enabling the device lock function. The user password should be given or changed by a system user.

Master Password Identifier is supported and set to a default value of 00FE. If a Master Password is set
via a Security Set Password Command, a valid Master Password Revision code value of 0001h – 00FEh
must be used. A Master Password Identifier of 0000h is ignored.

When the master password is set, the drive does
password is set, the drive enables the device lock function, and the drive is locked after the next power
on reset or hard reset.

not

enable the device lock function. When the user

3.14.2 Security Levels

High - If High level security is set and the user password is forgotten, the master password can be used
to unlock the drive and access the data.

Maximum - If Maximum level security is set and the user password is forgotten, data access is
impossible. Only the master password with a Security Erase Unit command can unlock the drive when
the device lock function is enabled and the user password has been forgotten. When the Security Erase
Unit command is used to unlock the drive, all user data is erased.

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4.0 AT COMMAND SET

4.1 Host Interface Commands

4.1.1 ATA-7/ATA-8 Commands

Table 4-1 lists the hexadecimal codes specific to each ATA-7/ATA-8 command supported by these
hard drives. Refer to the D1699 ATA8-ACS specification for full details on each command.

Table 4-1. ATA-7/ATA-8 Command Opcodes

COMMAND HEX OPCODE

CHECK POWER MODE E5

DEVICE CONFIGURATION FREEZE LOCK B1

DEVICE CONFIGURATION IDENTIFY B1

DEVICE CONFIGURATION RESTORE B1

DEVICE CONFIGURATION SET B1

DOWNLOAD MICROCODE 92

EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC 90

FLUSH CACHE E7

FLUSH CACHE EXT EA

IDENTIFY DEVICE EC

IDLE E3

IDLE IMMEDIATE E1

NOP 00

READ BUFFER E4

READ DMA C8

READ DMA EXT 25

READ LOG EXT 2F

READ MULTIPLE C4

READ MULTIPLE EXT 29

READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS F8

READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT 27

READ SECTOR(S) 20

READ SECTORS(S) EXT 24

READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT 42

READ VERIFY SECTORS(S) 40

S.M.A.R.T. B0

SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD F6

SECURITY ERASE PREPARE F3

SECURITY ERASE UNIT F4

SECURITY FREEZE LOCK F5

SECURITY SET PASSWORD F1

SECURITY UNLOCK F2

SET FEATURES EF

SET MAX F9

SET MAX ADDRESS EXT 37

SET MULTIPLE C6

SLEEP E6

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AT Command Set WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

COMMAND HEX OPCODE

STANDBY E2

STANDBY IMMEDIATE E0

WRITE BUFFER E8

WRITE DMA CA

WRITE DMA EXT 35

WRITE LOG EXT 3F

WRITE MULTIPLE C5

WRITE MULTIPLE EXT 39

WRITE SECTOR(S) 30

WRITE SECTOR(S) EXT 34

4.1.2 SATA 2.5 Commands

Table 4-2 lists the hexadecimal codes specific to each SATA 2.5 command supported by these hard
drives. Refer to the SATA 2.5 specification for full details on each command.

Table 4-2. SATA 2.5 Command Opcodes

COMMAND HEX OPCODE

READ FPDMA QUEUED 60

WRITE FPDMA QUEUED 61

4.1.3 Obsolete Commands

Table 4-3 lists the hexadecimal codes specific to each obsolete command supported by these hard
drives.

Table 4-3. Obsolete Command Opcodes

COMMAND HEX OPCODE

INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS 91

RECALIBRATE 10

SEEK 70

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4.1.4 SCT Commands

SCT commands provide capabilities not covered in ATA/ATAPI-7 for commands that do not fit the
ATA command delivery model. Some SCT commands report completion when the command begins
execution. Execution progress for these commands may be checked by requesting SCT status. For
instance, the host can track the progress of a Write Same command by issueing a status request once
per minute. See ATA8-ACS for a full description of SCT.

Table 4-4. SCT Action Codes

ACTION CODE DESCRIPTION

0000h RESERVED

0001h Long Sector Access

0002h Write Same

0003h Error Recovery Control

0004h Features Control

0005h SCT Data Tables

0006h Vendor specific

0007h BFFFh Reserved

C000h FFFFh Vendor specific

4.2 S.M.A.R.T. (B0h)

The S.M.A.R.T. command provides access to attribute values, S.M.A.R.T. status, and other
S.M.A.R.T. information. These commands can be used for logging and reporting purposes, and for
accommodating special user needs.

Prior to writing the S.M.A.R.T. command to the Command Register, the host must write key values
into the LBA Mid and LBA High Registers (4Fh, C2h) or the command will be aborted and an error
will be reported.

The S.M.A.R.T. command has several sub-commands that are selectable via the Features Register when
the host issues the S.M.A.R.T. command. To select a sub-command, the host must write the
appropriate sub-command code to the Features Register before issuing the S.M.A.R.T. command. The
sub-commands and their respective codes are listed below. For more detailed information on executing
S.M.A.R.T. commands, please see the ATA specification.

4.2.1 Read Attribute Values Sub-Command

This command returns a sector of data with the drive's S.M.A.R.T. data structure.

Table 4-5. Definitions for the 512 Bytes.

BYTE VALUE DESCRIPTION

0 - 1 0010h S.M.A.R.T. Data Structure Revision

2 - 361 XX S.M.A.R.T. Attribute Data

362 XX

363 XX Self-Test execution status byte.

Offline data collection status

0Xh OL disabled
8Xh OL enabled
X0h scan not run
X2h scan complete
X4h scan suspended
X5h scan aborted

00h The previous self-test routine completed without error or no

01h The self-test routine was aborted by the host

self-test has ever been run

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AT Command Set WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

BYTE VALUE DESCRIPTION

364 - 365 XX

366 XX

367 7Bh

368 - 369 0003h

370 01h

371 XX

372 XX

373 XX

374 XX

375 - 510 XX

511 XX

02h The self-test routine was interrupted by the host with a hard or

03h A fatal error or unknown test error occurred while the device

04h The previous self-test completed having a test element that

05h The previous self-test completed having a test element that

06h The previous self-test completed having a test element that

07h The previous self-test completed having a test element that

08h The previous self-test completed having a test element that

09­0Eh

0Fh Self-test routine in progress

Total time in seconds to complete offline data collection activity

Reserved

Offline data collection capability. Bits are as follows:

S.M.A.R.T. Capability. Bits are as follows:

Error logging capability. Bits are as follows:

Reserved

Short self-test routine completion time in minutes

Extended self-test routine completion time in minutes

Conveyance self-test routine completion time in minutes

Reserved

Checksum

soft reset

was executing its self-test routine. The device was unable to
complete the self-test routine.

failed. The test element that failed is not known.

failed. The electrical element of the test failed.

failed. The servo (and/or seek) test element of the test failed.

failed. The read element of the test failed.

failed. The element damage is suspected to be caused by
handling.

Reserved

1 = Offline Immediate Command supported

0

1 = Auto Offline enable\disable command supported

1

0 = Offline will suspend on and will resume after host

2

command
1 = Offline read scan implemented

3

1 = DST Short and Extended tests supported

4

1 = DST Conveyance test supported

5

1 = DST Selective test supported

6

0 = Reserved

7

1 = The device saves SMART data prior to going into a power

1

saving mode
1 = Device complies with SMART data autosave after an event

1

Reserved

2-15

1 = Error logging supported

0

Reserved

1

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4.2.2 Supported Attributes

The drive supports the following attributes.

Attribute Attribute ID Number Pre-Failure/Advisory Bit

Read Error Rate 1 Pre-Failure

Spin-up Time 3 Pre-Failure

Start/Stop Count 4 Advisory

Re-allocated Sector Count 5 Pre-Failure

Seek Error Rate 7 Advisory

Power-on Hours Count 9 Advisory

Spin-up Retry Count 10 Advisory

Drive Calibration Retry Count 11 Advisory

Drive Power Cycle Count 12 Advisory

Emergency Retract Cycles 192 Advisory

Load/Unload Cycles 193 Advisory

HDA Temperature

Relocation Event Count 196 Advisory

Current Pending Sector Count 197 Advisory

Offline Scan Uncorrectable Sector Count 198 Advisory

Ultra ATA CRC Error Rate 199 Advisory

Multi-zone Error Rate 200 Advisory

1

Status bits are typical but may vary.

2

See “Temperature Reporting” on page 17 for a better mechanism.

2

194 Advisory

(Status Flags bit 0)

1

Attributes that use the Pre-Failure/Advisory Bit Set can predict potential future degrading or faulty
conditions. Attributes with the Failure/Advisory Bit Clear are used for informational purposes only,
they do not indicate impending drive failure.

The S.M.A.R.T. data saving process is a background task. After a pre-determined idle period, the self­monitoring data is automatically saved to the disk.

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AT Command Set WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

4.2.3 Read Log Sector

There are several logs that can be read with the S.M.A.R.T. Read Log Sector sub-command. The LBA
Low Register indicates the log sector to be returned.

Table 4-6. Defined Error Logging Sectors

Log address Content Log Cmds R/W

00h Log directory ExtLog RO

01h Summary Log (up to 5 errors) SMART RO

02h

03h

04h-05h Reserved Reserved Reserved

06h SMART self-test log SMART RO

07h Extended SMART self-test log ExtLog RO

08h-0FH Reserved Reserved Reserved

09H Selective self-test log SMART R/W

0Ah-0Fh Reserved Reserved Reserved

11h SATA PHY Counters ExtLog RO

12h-17h Reserved for Serial ATA Reserved Reserved

18h-7Fh Reserved Reserved Reserved

80h-9Fh Host vendor specific SMART / ExtLog R/W

A0h-BFh Device vendor specific SMART / ExtLog VS

C0h-DFh Reserved Reserved Reserved

E0h-E1h SMART Command Transport(SCT) SMART / ExtLog R/W

E2h-FFh Reserved Reserved Reserved

RO – Read Only
R/W – Read / Write
SMART – Supported by B0h command code.
ExtLog – Supported by 2Fh/3Fh command code.
VS – Vendor Specific

Comprehensive SMART error log. (5 errors

Extended Comprehensive SMART error log.

per sectors)

(4 errors per sectors)

SMART RO

ExtLog RO

4.2.4 Offline Data Collection

The drive supports offline data collection. The multi-zone error rate is an attribute computed from
data gathered during offline activities. Offline data collection is initiated by either the S.M.A.R.T.
Offline Immediate command or the S.M.A.R.T. Enable Automatic Offline command.

There are two internal firmware timers that control automatic offline data collection. The first internal
firmware timer is referred to as the Spin Timer. The Spin Timer accumulates the number of hours the
drive is powered on. Once this timer reaches 8 hours, an offline data collection is said to be “pending.”
The second internal firmware timer is referred to as the Idle Timer. The Idle Timer accumulates the
number of seconds since the drive has received a command from the host. Once the Idle Timer reaches
15 seconds, a “pending” offline data collection process begins. If an in-process automatic offline data
collection process is interrupted by a host command, the automatic offline data collection process will
then resume after 15 minutes of power on followed by 15 seconds of idle time. If the Standby Timer
expires while an offline scan is pending or already in progress, the scan will complete before the drive
spins down.

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4.3 Identify Device (ECh)

The Identify Device command transfers 512 bytes of data that specify the drive’s parameters. Table 4-7
lists the parameters read by the host.

Table 4-7. Identify Device Command

WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

0 General Configuration 427Ah

1Obsolete 0

2 Specific Configuration XXXX

3Obsolete 0

4 Retired 0

5 Retired 0

6Obsolete 0

7-8 Reserved for assignment by the CompactFlash™ Association 0

9 Retired 0

10-19 Serial Number (ATA String) WDnnnnnnnn

20 Retired 0

21 Retired 0

22 Obsolete 0

23-26 Firmware Revision (ATA String) nnnn

27-46 Model Numbers (ATA String)

47 READ/WRITE MULTIPLE support 8010h

48 Trusted Computing feature set options 0

Capabilities

Bit 14-15: Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE
command.
Bit 13: 1 = Standby timer values as specified in this
standard are supported

0 = Standby timer values shall be managed by the

49

50

51-52 Obsolete 0

53

54-58 Obsolete 0

59

60-61 Total number of user addressable logical sectors (DWord)

device
Bit 12: Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE
command.
Bit 11: 1 = IORDY supported

0 = IORDY may be supported
Bit 10: 1 = IORDY may be disabled
Bit 9: 1 = LBA supported
Bit 8: 1 = DMA supported

Capabilities

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero.
Bit 14: Shall be set to one.
Bit 13-2: Reserved.
Bit 1: Obsolete
Bit 0: Shall be set to one to indicate a device specific
Standby timer value minimum

Bit 8-15: Free-fall Control Sensitivity
00h = Vendor’s recommended setting
01h-FFh = Sensitivity level. A larger number is a
more sensitive setting.
Bit 7-3: Reserved
Bit 2: If set, the fields reported in word 88 are valid
Bit 1: If set, the fields reported in words (70:64) are valid

Current Blocking Factor

Value set with Set Multiple command

“WDC WD2500BPVT-nnnnnn”
“WDC WD3200BPVT-nnnnnn”

2F00h

4001h

0007h

XX

WDC WD2500BPVT (488,397,168)
WDC WD3200BPVT (625,142,448)

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AT Command Set WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

62 Obsolete 0

Multi-Word DMA Transfer Mode Supported

Bit 10: If set, Multiword DMA mode 2 is selected

63

64

65 Min. Multi-Word DMA Transfer Cycle Time (ns) 120

66

67 Min. PIO Transfer Cycle Time without flow control (ns) 120

68 Min. PIO Transfer Cycle Time with IORDY flow control (ns) 120

69-74 Reserved 0

75

76

77 Reserved for Serial ATA 0000

78

79

80

81 Minor Version Number 0

Bit 9: If set, Multiword DMA mode 1 is selected
Bit 8: If set, Multiword DMA mode 0 is selected
Bit 0-2: If set, Multiword DMA mode 2 and below are
supported

Advanced PIO Modes Supported

Bits 0-7: PIO Modes supported

Manufacturer Recommended Multi-Word DMA Cycle Time
(ns)

Queue Depth

Bit 4-0: Maximum queue depth - 1

Serial ATA Capabilities

Bit 15-13: Reserved
Bit 12: Supports Native Command Queuing priority
information
Bit 11: Supports Unload while NCQ commands
outstanding
Bit 10: Supports Phy event counters
Bit 9: Supports receipt of host-initiated interface power
management requests
Bit 8: Supports Native Command Queuing (NCQ)
Bit 7-3: Reserved for future Serial ATA signaling speed
grades
Bit 2: 1= Supports Serial ATA Gen2 signaling speed
(3 Gb/s)
Bit 1: 1= Supports Serial ATA Gen1 signaling speed
(1.5 Gb/s)
Bit 0: Shall be cleared to zero

Serial ATA Features Supported

Bit 7-15: Reserved for Serial ATA
Bit 6: If set, device supports software settings preservation
Bit 5: Reserved for Serial ATA
Bit 4: If set, device supports in-order data delivery
Bit 3: If set, device supports initiating power management
Bit 2: If set, device supports DMA Setup Auto-activation
Bit 1: If set, device supports non-zero buffer offsets
Bit 0: Cleared to zero

Serial ATA Features Enabled

Bits 7-15: Reserved for Serial ATA
Bit 6: If set, software settings preservation enabled
Bit 5: Reserved for Serial ATA
Bit 4: If set, In-order data delivery enabled
Bit 3: If set, device initiated power management enabled
Bit 2: If set, DMA Setup Auto-activation enabled
Bit 1: If set, non-zero buffer offsets enabled
Bit 0: Cleared to zero

Major Version Number

ATA-8 and below supported

0001 1111 0000 0110b

0000 0000 010 0 1100b

0000 0000 0X0X XXX0b

XX07h

0003h

120

31

1F06h

01FEh

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 AT Command Set

WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

Command and feature sets supported

Bit 14: If set, NOP command supported
Bit 13: If set, Read buffer command supported
Bit 12: If set, Write buffer command supported
Bit 11: Obsolete
Bit 10: If set, Host Protected Area Feature Set supported
Bit 9: If set, Device Reset command supported
Bit 8: If set, Service interrupt supported

82

83

84

85

Bit 7: If set, Release interrupt supported
Bit 6: If set, look-ahead supported
Bit 5: If set, Write Cache supported
Bit 4: Cleared to 0 to indicate that the PACKET feature set
is not supported.
Bit 3: If set, mandatory Power Management Feature Set
supported
Bit 2: Obsolete
Bit 1: If set, Security Feature Set supported
Bit 0: If set, SMART Feature Set supported

Command Set Supported

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to 0
Bit 14: Shall be set to 1
Bit 13: If set, Flush Cache EXT command supported
Bit 12: If set, mandatory Flush Cache command supported
Bit 11: If set, DCO feature set supported
Bit 10: If set, 48-bit Address Feature Set supported
Bit 9: Not supported
Bit 8: If set, Set Max Security Extension supported
Bit 7: Reserved
Bit 6: If set, Set Features subcommand required to spin-up
after power-up
Bit 5: If set, Power-Up In Standby feature set supported
Bit 4: Obsolete
Bit 3: If set, Advanced Power Management feature set
supported
Bit 2: If set, CFA feature set supported
Bit 1: If set, Read/Write DMA Queued supported
Bit 0: If set, Download Microcode command supported

Command and Feature sets supported

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero
Bit 14: Shall be set to one
Bit 13: If set, Idle Immediate with Unload Feature supported
Bit 12: Reserved
Bit 11: Reserved
Bit 9-10: Obsolete
Bit 8: If set, 64-bit World wide name supported
Bit 7: If set, Write DMA Queued FUA EXT command
supported
Bit 6: If set, Write DMA FUA EXT and Write Multiple FUA
EXT commands supported
Bit 5: If set, General Purpose Logging feature set
supported
Bit 4: If set, Streaming Feature Set supported
Bit 3: If set, Media Card Pass Through Command feature
set supported
Bit 2: If set, Media serial number supported
Bit 1: If set, SMART Self-Test supported
Bit 0: If set, SMART Error Logging supported

Command and Feature sets supported or enabled

Bit 15: Obsolete
Bit 14: If set, NOP command supported
Bit 13: If set, Read Buffer command supported
Bit 12: If set, Write Buffer command supported
Bit 11: Obsolete
Bit 10: If set, Host Protected Area has been established
Bit 9: If set, DEVICE RESET command supported
Bit 8: If set, SERVICE interrupt enabled
Bit 7: If set, Release Interrupt enabled
Bit 6: If set, Read look-ahead enabled
Bit 5: If set, Volatile Write cache enabled
Bit 4: Cleared to 0 to indicate that the PACKET feature set
is not supported
Bit 3: Set to 1 to indicate that the Mandatory Power
Management feature set is supported
Bit 2: Obsolete
Bit 1: If set, Security Feature Set enabled
Bit 0: If set, SMART Feature Set enabled

0111 0100 0110 1011b

0111 1101 0000 1001b

0110 0001 0110 0011b

0111 0X00 0XX0 10XXb

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WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

Commands and Feature sets supported or enabled

Bit 15: If set, Words 119-120 are valid
Bit 14: Reserved
Bit 13: If set, Flush Cache EXT command supported
Bit 12: If set, Flush Cache command supported
Bit 11: If set, Device Configuration Overlay supported
Bit 10: If set, 48-bit Address Feature Set supported
Bit 9: Not supported
Bit 8: If set, Set Max Security Extension enabled by Set Max

86

87

88

89

90

91 Current advanced power management level value XXXX

92 Master Password Identifier XXXX

93 Hardware reset result 0

94 Not supported 0000h

95-99 Not supported 0

100-103

104-107 Not supported 0

Set Password
Bit 7: Reserved
Bit 6: If set, Set Features subcommand required to spin-up
after power-up
Bit 5: If set, Power-Up In Standby feature set enabled
Bit 4: Obsolete
Bit 3: If set, Advanced Power Management feature set
enabled
Bit 2: If set, CFA Feature Set enabled
Bit 1: If set, Read/Write DMA Queued command supported
Bit 0: If set, Download Microcode command supported

Commands and Feature sets supported or enabled

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero
Bit 14: Shall be set to 1
Bit 13: If set, Idle Immediate with Unload Feature supported
Bit 12: Reserved
Bit 11: Reserved
Bit 9-10: Obsolete
Bit 8: If set, 64-bit World wide name supported
Bit 7: If set, Write DMA Queued FUA EXT command
supported
Bit 6: If set, Write DMA FUA EXT and Write Multiple FUA
EXT commands supported
Bit 5: If set, General Purpose Logging Feature Set
supported
Bit 4: Obsolete
Bit 3: If set, Media Card Pass Through Command feature
set supported
Bit 2: If set, Media serial number is valid
Bit 1: If set, SMART Self-Test supported
Bit 0: If set, SMART Error Logging supported

Ultra DMA modes

Bit 15: Reserved
Bit 14: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 6 is selected
Bit 13: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 5 is selected
Bit 12: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 4 is selected
Bit 11: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 3 is selected
Bit 10: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 2 is selected
Bit 9: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 1 is selected
Bit 8: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 0 is selected
Bit 7: Reserved
Bit 6: Ultra DMA mode 6 supported
Bit 5: Ultra DMA mode 5 supported
Bit 4: Ultra DMA mode 4 supported
Bit 3: Ultra DMA mode 3 supported
Bit 2: Ultra DMA mode 2 supported
Bit 1: Ultra DMA mode 1 supported
Bit 0: Ultra DMA mode 0 supported

Time required for Normal Erase mode SECURITY ERASE
UNIT command

Time required for Enhanced Erase mode SECURITY ERASE
UNIT command

Total number of User Addressable Sectors for the 48-bit
Address feature set (QWord)

1011 110X 00X0 X001b

0110 0001 0110 XX11b

0XXX XXXX 0111 1111b

XX

XX

WDC WD2500BPVT (488,397,168)
WDC WD3200BPVT (625,142,448)

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WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

108-111 World Wide Name XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

112-118 Not supported 0

Commands and feature sets supported (Continued from
words 82-84)

Bit 15: Cleared to zero
Bit 14: Shall be set to one
Bit 13-6: Reserved

119

120

121-126 Reserved 0

127 Obsolete 0

128

129-159 Vendor Specific 0

160 Not supported 0

161-175 Reserved for assignment by the CompactFlash™ Association 0

176-205 Not supported 0

206

207-254 Reserved 0

255

Bit 5: If set, Free-fall Control feature set is supported
Bit 4: If set, DOWNLOAD MICROCODE with offsets is
supported
Bit 3: If set, READ and WRITE DMA EXT GPL optional
commands are supported
Bit 2: If set, WRITE UNCORRECTABLE EXT is supported
Bit 1: If set, Write-Read-Verify feature set is supported
Bit 0: Reserved

Commands and feature sets supported or enabled (Continued
from words 85-87)

Bit 15: Cleared to zero
Bit 14: Shall be set to one
Bit 13-6: Reserved
Bit 5: If set, Free-fall Control feature set is enabled
Bit 4: If set, DOWNLOAD MICROCODE with offsets is
supported
Bit 3: If set, READ and WRITE DMA EXT GPL optional
commands are supported
Bit 2: If set, WRITE UNCORRECTABLE EXT is supported
Bit1: If set, Write-Read-Verify feature set is enabled
Bit 0: Reserved

Security Status

Bit 15-9: Reserved
Bit 8: Security level (0 = High, 1 = Maximum)
Bit 7-6: Reserved
Bit 5: If set, Enhanced Security Erase supported
Bit 4: If set, Security count expired
Bit 3: If set, Security Frozen
Bit 2: If set, Security Locked
Bit 1: If set, Security enabled
Bit 0: If set, Security supported

SCT Command Transport

Bit 15-6: Reserved
Bit 5: If set, SCT Command Transport Date Tables
supported
Bit 4: If set, SCT Command Transport Features Control
supported
Bit 3: If set, SCT Command Transport Error Recovery
Control supported
Bit 2: If set, SCT Command Transport Write Same
supported
Bit 1: If set, SCT Command Transport Long Sector Access
supported
Bit 0: If set, SCT Command Transport supported

Integrity Word

Bit 15-8: Checksum
Bit 7-0: Signature

0100 0000 0001 1000b

0100 0000 0001 1000b

0000 000X 001X XXX1b

0000 0000 0011 1111b

XXA5h

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4.4 Set Features (EFh)

The Set Features command enables or disables the features listed in the following table

FUNCTION FEATURES

REGISTER

Enable read cache

Disable read cache

Enable write cache

Disable write cache

1

1

1

1

Set Transfer Mode 03h Don’t care

Enable Advanced Power Management 05h FEh-Maximum performance

Disable Advanced Power Management 85h Don’t care

Enable use of Serial ATA Feature 10h 02h-DMA Setup FIS Auto-Activate optimization

Disable use of Serial ATA Feature 90h 02h-DMA Setup FIS Auto-Activate optimization

Set Performance Mode

1

Changes are only valid while power remains applied to the drive. After power is cycled, the drive reverts to the default

settings.

2

Changes are valid through power cycles and hard resets.

2

AAh Don’t care

55h Don’t care

02h Don’t care

82h Don’t care

80h-Minimum power consumption without standby

03h-Device-initiated interface power state transitions
06h-Software Settings Preservation

03h-Device-initiated interface power state transitions
06h-Software Settings Preservation

42h FEh

SECTOR COUNT REGISTER

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Installation and Setup Procedures

5.0 INSTALLATION AND SETUP PROCEDURES

Hard drives are precision instruments that must be handled with care to prevent damage. It is important to
understand that drives are typically damaged due to electrostatic discharge (ESD), pressing on the top cover,
rough handling, or shock and vibration. Also refer to the WD 2.5-inch Hard Drive Handling poster (part
number 2378-701047) for details on drive handling.

Important: If your system does not support hot plugging (see “Hot Plug Support” on page 21), it
must be turned off and unplugged before installing your hard drive.

5.1 Unpacking

5.1.1 Handling Precautions

WD products are designed to withstand normal handling during unpacking and installation. Take care
to avoid excessive mechanical shock, pressing on the top cover, or electrostatic discharge (ESD) which
can permanently damage the hard drive and void the warranty. Hard drives are typically damaged
because of ESD, rough handling, or shock and vibration.

Figure 5-1. Drive Handling Precautions

Hard drives are delicate, precision instruments and should be handled with care at all times.
Hard drives are typically damaged by rough handling, shock, vibration, and electrostatic discharge (ESD).

Handle the Drive ONLY by its Sides

DO NOT Press on the Top Cover of the Drive

To avoid ESD problems, wear a properly grounded wrist strap when handling the hard drive. Articles
of clothing generate static electricity. Do not allow clothing to come in direct contact with the hard
drive or circuit board components.

When the drive is not in its shipping container or installed in its proper host enclosure, it must remain
in the antistatic bag. To prevent damage, do not unpack your drive until you are ready to install it.

CAUTION: To avoid damage to internal drive components, do not apply a load greater than

2.6 lbf to a circular 10 mm diameter area anywhere on the top cover. Chassis design should
allow for sufficient clearance and support to prevent loads from being transferred to the drive
top cover.

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 39

Installation and Setup Procedures WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

5.1.2 Inspection of Shipping Container

Carefully examine the container for obvious shipping damage, such as: holes, signs of crushing, or
stains. Notify the carrier and your WD representative if you observe any shipment damage. Always
move the shipping container in the upright position indicated by the arrows on the container.

5.1.3 Removal From Shipping Container

Remove the drive from the shipping container only for inspection or installation. Carefully open the
box. When removing the drive from the box, follow these precautions:

 Grasp the drive by the sides only; avoid touching the circuit board components.

 Gently place the drive on its antistatic bag on a clean, level, grounded work area.

 Do not stack drives or stand the drive on its edge.

CAUTION: When removing the drive from the shipping container, be careful not to drop it.
Dropping the drive can severely damage the head disk assembly or printed circuit board.

5.1.4 Removal From Static Shielding Bag

Before removing the drive from its static shielding bag:

 Make sure that your work station is properly grounded.

 Wear a properly grounded wrist strap with good skin contact.

 Avoid contact with any component on the printed circuit board.

Figure 5-2. Hard Drive Removal From Static Shielding Bag

After attaching your wrist strap, gently remove the drive from the static shielding bag.

 Handle the drive by the sides only; avoid touching the printed circuit board.

 Handle the drive with the printed circuit board facing downward during installation.

 The unit should not be moved during drive activity.

 The unit is not intended as a portable device.

 Do not attempt to open the drive and service it yourself. Removing the cover may expose you to

harmful electrical voltages and will void the warranty.

 To allow ventilation, do not block the air slots on the underside and rear of the enclosure.

 Do not remove the tape seal or any labels from the drive; this will void the warranty.

5.1.5 Moving Precautions

If you need to move your computer, turn off the power to automatically park the heads. Parking moves
the heads to a safe, non-data landing zone where they lock into place. This helps protect the media and
the heads from accidental damage due to vibration, moving, or shipping.

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Installation and Setup Procedures

5.2 Mounting Restrictions

Important: Your system must be turned off and unplugged before installing your hard drive.

5.2.1 Orientation

You can mount the hard drive in the X, Y, or Z axis, depending upon the physical design of your
system. For best results, mount the drive with all four screws grounded to the chassis. If all four screws
are not used, see "Grounding" on page 42.

5.2.2 Screw Size Limitations

The hard drive is mounted to the chassis using four M 3.0 screws. Recommended screw torque is 5-6
lbf-in.

CAUTION: Screws that are too long damage circuit board components. Side mounted screws
should engage 3.0 mm MAX. Bottom mounted screws should engage 2.5 mm MAX.

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 41

Installation and Setup Procedures WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

5.2.3 Grounding

For best results, mount the drive with all four screws in the side grounded to the chassis (positions A, B,
C, and D below). You must ground the drive with at least one mounting screw.

Figure 5-3. Grounding Diagram

Side Mounting

–

Use four metal screws in A, B, C, and D. If less than four screws are used, remove in

this order: C, D, and then B. You must use a screw in position A.

Top face Mounting–

Use four metal screws in 1, 2, 3 and 4. If less than four screws are used, remove in

this order: 2, 4, and then 3. You must use a screw in position 1.

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Installation and Setup Procedures

5.3 Jumper Settings

It is not necessary to put a jumper shunt on the drive for notebook use. Advanced settings for the drive
are as follows:

SSC Mode

RPS Mode

Figure 5-4. Jumper Settings for WD Scorpio SATA Hard Drives

– Spread spectrum clocking feature. Default setting is disabled.

– RPS feature. Default setting is disabled

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 43

Maintenance WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

6.0 MAINTENANCE

The hard drive requires no preventative maintenance and contains no user-serviceable parts. The service and
repair of WD drives can only be performed at a WD Service Center. Please contact your WD representative for
warranty information and service/return procedures.

Observe the following precautions to prolong the life of the drive:

 Do not attempt to open the sealed compartment of the WD drive as this will void the warranty.

 Do not lift a WD drive by the printed circuit board.

 Avoid static discharge when handling a WD drive.

 Avoid harsh shocks or vibrations.

 Do not touch the components on the printed circuit board.

 Do not obstruct or cover any holes on the drive’s cover. Air must be able to pass through these holes to the

external air filter for normal operation of the drive.

 Observe the environmental limits specified for this product.

 If it becomes necessary to move your computer system, turn off the power to automatically park the heads.

Parking the heads moves them to a safe, non-data landing zone and locks them into place. This helps
protect the media and the heads from accidental damage due to vibration while moving or shipping.

 To protect your data, back it up regularly. WD assumes no responsibility for loss of data. For information

about back-up and restore procedures, consult your operating system manual. There are also a number of
utility programs available that you can use to back up your data.

44 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-771320-A00

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Technical Support

7.0 TECHNICAL SUPPORT

NORTH AMERICA

US/Canada

Monday - Thursday 9:00 am - 7:00 pm

Friday 9:00 am - 5:00 pm

Saturday 8:00 am - 5:00 pm

EUROPE

Central European Time (CET) +31.20.4467651

Monday - Thursday 9:30 am - 12:00 noon

Friday 9:30 am - 12:00 noon

(Central Time)

7.1 WD Online Services

WD provides a wide variety of technical support services on our Internet site at

800.ASK.4WDC

1:00 pm - 5:30 pm

1:00 pm - 4:00 pm

support.wdc.com.

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 45

Glossary WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

8.0 GLOSSARY

Active LED Status - WD SATA drives support external LED requirements. It provides an activity LED

output which is ON during command execution and OFF otherwise.
Advanced Format Technology — Technology being adopted by WD and other drive manufacturers to

increase media format efficiencies, thus enabling larger drive capacities.
Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) - A method of measuring failure rates or trends for a group of units at a

site. The rates are based on the monthly total number of returned field failure units divided by the total
cumulative installed base and multiplied by 12 (to annualize the failure rate).

Automatic Defect Retirement - If defective sectors are found during a read or write, they are automatically
mapped out and relocated.

Block - A group of bytes handled, stored, and accessed as a logical data unit, such as an individual file record.
Buffer - A temporary data storage area that compensates for a difference in data transfer rates and/or data

processing rates between sender and receiver.
Data Lifeguard™ — Representing WD's ongoing commitment to data protection, Data Lifeguard data

protection utilities include thermal management, an environmental protection system, and embedded error
detection and repair features that automatically detect, isolate, and repair problem areas that may develop over
the extended use of the hard drive.

Data Transfer Rate -The rate that digital data is transferred from one point to another, expressed in bits per
second or bytes per second.

 Data Transfer Rate to Disk: The internal disk transfer rate in Mbits per second.

 Data Transfer Rate from the Buffer to the Host: Based on the transfer of buffered data in MB per second.

Defect Management -A general methodology of eliminating data errors on a recording surface by mapping
out known bad areas of the media.

ECC On-the-Fly -A hardware correction technique that corrects errors in the read buffer prior to host transfer
without any performance penalties. These error corrections are invisible to the host system because they do not
require assistance from the drive’s firmware.

Error Correction Code (ECC) -A mathematical algorithm that can detect and correct errors in a data field
by adding check bits to the original data.

F.I.T. (Functional Integrity Testing) - A suite of tests WD performs on all its drive products to ensure
compatibility with different hosts, operating systems, application programs, and peripherals. This testing must
be performed before the product can be released to manufacturing.

Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB) - Bearing design that incorporates a layer of high-viscosity lubricant
instead of ball bearings in the hard drive spindle motor. As an alternative to conventional ball bearing
technology, FDB designs provide increased non-operational shock resistance, speed control, and improved
acoustics.

Formatted Capacity - The actual capacity available to store data in a mass storage device. The formatted
capacity is the gross capacity minus the capacity taken up by the overhead data required for formatting the
media.

Hot Plugging - The ability to swap out a failed hard drive without having to power down the system or
reboot.

Landing Zone - The heads move to this location on the inner cylinders following a Park command. User data
is not stored at this location.

Latency - The period of time that the read/write heads wait for the disk to rotate the data to an accessible
position. For a disk rotating at 5400 RPM, the average latency is 5.5 milliseconds.

Logical Address - A storage location address that may or may not relate directly to a physical location. The
logical address is usually used when requesting information from a controller. The controller performs a logical­to-physical address conversion and retrieves the data from a physical location in the storage device.

Logical Block Address - An alternative addressing methodology of identifying a given location on an SATA

46 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-771320-A00

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Glossary

drive that permits disk sizes greater than 528 MB.
Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR) - In PMR, the magnetization of each data bit is aligned

vertically rather than longitudinally to the spinning disk. The adjacent bits attract instead of repel (as with bar
magnets placed side by side), creating more thermally stable bits.

PRML (Partial Response Maximum Likelihood) - A read channel using sampled data, active
equalization and Veterbi detection to accurately retrieve the user data off the disk.

Reduced Power Spinup (RPS) — WD’s optimized start up feature specifically designed for the external
hard drive and Consumer Electronics (CE) market. Specific focus for RPS is to minimize the duration and
magnitude of the peak power consumption from the hard drive.

RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) — WD complies with the Restriction of Hazardous
Substances (RoHS) Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament, which is effective in the EU beginning
July 1, 2006. RoHS aims to protect human health and the environment by restricting the use of certain
hazardous substances in new equipment, and consists of restrictions on lead, mercury, cadmium, and other
substances.

Rotational Latency - The amount of delay in obtaining information from a hard drive that can be attributed
to the rotation of the disk.

RPM (Revolutions per Minute) - Rotational speed of the media (disk), also known as the spindle speed.
Hard drives spin at one constant speed. The slower the RPM, the higher the mechanical latencies. Disk RPM is
a critical component of hard drive performance because it directly impacts the rotational latency of the disk
transfer rate.

Serial ATA (SATA) - SATA is the next generation bus interface for hard drives. It is designed to replace
Parallel ATA, and has many advantages including increased transfer rate, improved signal integrity, enhanced
data protection, and hot plugging.

Sector - A 512-byte packet of data.
Seek Time - The time it takes for the read/write head to move to a specific block of data on the hard drive.

The average seek time is computed by dividing the time it takes to complete a large number of random seeks by
the number of seeks performed.

Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.) - A technology to assist the
user in preventing possible system down time due to hard drive failure.

S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT) — The SCT Command Transport feature set provides a method
for a host to send commands and data to a device and for a device to send data and status to a host using log
pages.

System-on-Chip - The System-on-Chip (SOC) is the foundation for WD's next generation electronics and
firmware architecture. The native SATA SOC lowers component count by integrating a hard disk controller,
high performance processor, high speed execution SRAM, and read channel in a 128-pin package.

Thermal Asperity - A thermal asperity is a baseline shift in the readback signal due to heating of the
magnetoresistive stripe on the head as a result of physical contact with the disk or a particle.

Unrecoverable Error - A read error that cannot be overcome by an ECC scheme or by rereading the data
when host retries are enabled.

Write Cache - A feature in CacheFlow that posts “command complete” prior to completing the actual write.

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 47

Index WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

INDEX

—A—

Acoustics, 10, 12
Active LED Status, 22
Activity indication, 23
Actuator Type, 4
Agency Approvals, 12
Annualized Failure Rate, 45
Atmospheric Pressure, 10
Automatic Defect Retirement, 19

—B—

Buffer Size, 3
Bytes per Sector, 4

—C—

CacheFlow6, 23
Commands

SCT, 28
Component Design Life, 10
Cooling, 10

Airflow, 10
Current Requirements, 7

—D—

Data Lifeguard, 17
Data Surfaces, 4
Data Transfer Rate, 3
Defect Management, 18
Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions, 11
Dimensions, 5

—E—

ECC, 4
Error Rate, 3
Error Recovery Process, 19

—F—

Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB), 23
Full Stroke Seek, 3

—G—

Glossary, 45
Grounding, 41

—H—

Host Interface Commands, 26

Identify Drive, 32

S.M.A.R.T., 28

Set Features, 38
Hot Plug Support, 20

—I—

Input Voltage Requirements, 8
Installation and Setup, 39
Interleave, 3
Internal Environmental Protection System, 18

—J—

Jumper Settings, 42

Jumper Settings Diagram, 42

—L—

Latency, 3
LED

active status, 22

activity indication, 23
Load/unload cycles, 3
Logical Block Addressing

48-bit, 24

—M—

Maintenance, 43
Model number specification, 12
Mounting Restrictions

Orientation, 40

Screw Size Limitations, 40

—P—

Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR), 14
Power Conservation, 24
Power Dissipation, 7, 9

—R—

Read Cache, 24
Recording Method, 4
Reduced Power Spinup (RPS), 15
Reliability features set, 17
Ripple, 8
RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances), 10
Rotational Speed, 3
RPM, 3

—S—

S.M.A.R.T., 24
S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT), 16
SATA 1.5 Gb/s, 14
SATA 3 Gb/s, 14
SCT, 16
SCT commands, 28
SCT feature set

read/write long, 16

temperature reporting, 16

write same, 16
Security Mode, 25

Passwords, 25

Security Levels, 25

48 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-771320-A00

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Index

Seek Time, 3
Servo Type, 4
Shock, 8
Specifications, 3

Electrical, 7
Environmental, 8
Mechanical, 6
Performance, 3
Physical, 4

Reliability, 10
Spindle Start Time, 3
Staggered Spinup, 23
System-on-Chip (SOC), 15

—T—

Technical Support, 44

Online Services, 44
Temperature

airflow, 10

cooling, 10

thermocouple location, 9
Temperature and Humidity, 9
Thermal Management, 17
Thermocouple location, 9
Track-to-Track, 3

—U—

Unpacking

Container Inspection, 39

Drive Removal - Container, 39

Drive Removal - Static Shielding Bag, 40

Handling Precautions, 39

Moving Precautions, 40
User Sectors per Drive, 4

—V—

Vibration, 8

—W—

Write Cache, 24

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 49

Index WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

50 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-771320-A00

Western Digital
3355 Michelson Drive, Suite 100
Irvine, California 92612
U.S.A..

For service and literature:

support.wdc.com

www.westerndigital.com

ASK.4WDC North America

800.

800.832.4778 Spanish
+800.6008.6008 Asia Pacific

00800.27549338 Europe (toll free where available)
+31.880062100 Europe/Middle East/Africa

2679-771320-A00
Apr 2011

WD CONFIDENTIAL