Velleman EDU06 Assembly instructions

LEARN HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF YOUR DIGITAL OSCILLOSCOPE.

EDU06 Oscilloscope Tutor kit

HEDU06

By Velleman n.v.

Getting started

The purpose of this board is to learn how to perform basic measurements with an oscilloscope. Most experiments can be performed with any digital storage scope. Some experiments can be performed with an analog scope.

Experiments in this project are performed using the Velleman HPS140 Handheld Pocket Scope. All experiments require basic knowledge of terms such as AC and DC voltage, current, resistance, etc…

Make sure to check You Tube as well, it features a short movie for each experiment.

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Contents
Getting started.....................................................................................................................................................	2
Oscilloscope basics............................................................................................................................................	4
Analog versus digital: ..........................................................................................................................................................	4
Waveforms: .........................................................................................................................................................................	4
Measuring probe: ................................................................................................................................................................	5
Connecting the probe:.........................................................................................................................................................	5
Setting up the board:...........................................................................................................................................................	5
Experiment 1: Measuring AC voltage ................................................................................................................	6
Connection layout: ..............................................................................................................................................................	6
Connection summary: .........................................................................................................................................................	6
Purpose: .............................................................................................................................................................................	6
How?: ..................................................................................................................................................................................	6
What we see: ......................................................................................................................................................................	6
Experiment 2: Adjustable AC voltage ...............................................................................................................	7
Connection layout: ..............................................................................................................................................................	7
Connection summary: .........................................................................................................................................................	7
Purpose: .............................................................................................................................................................................	7
How?: ..................................................................................................................................................................................	7
Experiment 3: Measuring AC grid frequency and period ...............................................................................	9
Connection layout: ..............................................................................................................................................................	9
Connection summary: .........................................................................................................................................................	9
Purpose: .............................................................................................................................................................................	9
How?: ..................................................................................................................................................................................	9
Experiment 4: Rectified AC, single phase ........................................................................................................	11
Connection layout: ..............................................................................................................................................................	11
Connection summary: .........................................................................................................................................................	11
Purpose: .............................................................................................................................................................................	11
How?: ..................................................................................................................................................................................	11
A little theory: .................................................................................................................................................	11
Experiment 5: Rectified AC, dual phase ..........................................................................................................	12
Connection layout: ..............................................................................................................................................................	12
Connection summary: .........................................................................................................................................................	12
Purpose: .............................................................................................................................................................................	12
How?: ..................................................................................................................................................................................	12
A little theory: ......................................................................................................................................................................	13
Exercise: ............................................................................................................................................................................	13
Experiment 6: Smoothed versus unsmoothed DC (ripple) ...........................................................................	14
Connection layout: ..............................................................................................................................................................	14
Connection summary: .........................................................................................................................................................	14
Purpose: .............................................................................................................................................................................	14
A little theory: ......................................................................................................................................................................	14
How?: ..................................................................................................................................................................................	14
Experiment 7: DC measurement .......................................................................................................................	16
Connection layout: ..............................................................................................................................................................	16
Connection summary: .........................................................................................................................................................	16
Purpose: .............................................................................................................................................................................	16
How?: ..................................................................................................................................................................................	16
Exercise: .............................................................................................................................................................................	17
Experiment 8: Waveform with adjustable frequency ......................................................................................	18
Connection layout: ..............................................................................................................................................................	18
Connection summary: .........................................................................................................................................................	18
Purpose: .............................................................................................................................................................................	18
How?: ..................................................................................................................................................................................	18
How does it work? .............................................................................................................................................................	19
Exercise: .............................................................................................................................................................................	19
What is the purpose of the ‘slope’-symbol? ......................................................................................................................	19

Glossary ...............................................................................................................................................................	20
Diagram ................................................................................................................................................................	22

4
	Oscilloscope basics

Oscilloscope basics

While a multimeter shows an instant voltage level or an average voltage level, an oscilloscope is capable of displaying voltage levels over a period of time. Voltage is displayed vertically (X-axis) versus time (Y-axis).

Oscilloscopes can be used to for applications such as:

•Looking at the shape of a signal.

•Measuring the amplitude and frequency of a signal.

•Measuring the time between to events.

•Looking for anomalies such as clipping, noise, distortion, spikes, ripple, etc…

Analog versus digital:

There are two basic types of oscilloscopes: analog and digital scopes.

analog oscilloscope	Digital oscilloscope

Each type has its typical applications, advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of digital scopes is that they are able to capture and store events for further study. They are also more user friendly, as they require less setup in order to show a picture of your signal. For our experiments, we will use a digital scope.

Waveforms:

An oscilloscope will mainly display and measure waveforms. A wave is a pattern that repeats over time, e.g. the waves of the sea. One cycle or period of a wave is the part of the wave that repeats itself. When shown on the screen of an oscilloscope, it is called a waveform. There are many different waveforms. A couple of them will be used in our experiments:

- 1 -

- 2 -

- 3 -

- 4 -

- 5 -

- 6 -

1.Sine waves: A typical example: The AC power grid

2.Full-wave rectified AC: The output of a full wave diode rectifier

3.Half-wave rectified AC: The output of a half-wave diode rectifier

4.DC voltage: Yes, oscilloscopes can also measure DC

5.Sawtooth waveform: In this case: ripple

6.Square wave: The board features a simple two-transistor oscillator which produces a square wave

	5
Oscilloscope basics

Measuring probe:

To be able to display waveforms, we need to connect the signal to the input of the oscilloscope. Similar to a multimeter, the oscilloscope uses a measurement lead, but here it is called a ‘probe’.

3

5

4

2	1

Connecting the probe:

1

2

Setting up the board:

The board requires a 9VAC (Alternating Current) adaptor (e.g. Velleman PS905AC (230VAC)). A DC adaptor instead of an AC adaptor will not damage

the board, but most experiments will not work correctly. Connect the adaptor at the left hand side of the board and plug-in the adaptor.

Once powered, the LEDs (LD2 & LD3) should blink alternately. The board is now ready to perform experiments.

1 Probe tip: The (+) of your probe. It is needle-shaped to ensure a good electrical contact with your measuring point.

2BNC connector: Connects to the input of your oscilloscope.

3Ground lead with alligator clip:

The (-) of your probe. Connect the alligator clip to the ground or (-) of the circuit you wish to examine.

4Probe clip: Clips onto the probe tip and allows you to connect the probe to

the measuring point in a permanent way, so you have your hands free.

5x1/x10 switch: When set to ‘x1’, the signal is passed on to the scope without attenuation. When set to ‘x10’, the signal is divided by 10, so the signal that is seen by the scope is ten times smaller than it acuatally is. This allows you to measure higher voltages without damaging your scope.

6
	Exp.1: measuring AC voltage

Experiment 1: Measuring AC voltage

Connection layout:

NOTES:

Connection summary:

GND clip : 2

Probe tip : 1

Purpose:

The purpose of this experiment is to display and measure AC voltage. In this particular case, we will measure the AC voltage supplied to the board.

How?:

1.Turn on the HPS140 Handheld Pocket Scope (see HPS140 manual for How-To instructions).

2.Place the probe switch “x1/x10” to ‘x1’.

The unit always starts up in ‘auto-setup’ mode. You can tell that it is in auto-setup mode, because the readouts for Volts/div and Time/div are displayed in ‘reverse video’ (white characters on

dark background). Thanks to the auto-setup mode, the unit takes care of V/div and time/div for you you do not have to do anything. In the lower right-hand corner, the RMS value of the supplied AC voltage is displayed. More about auto-setup in the next experiment.

What we see:

Select ‘AC coupling’ (see HPS140 manual for How-To instructions)

Set time/div to 5ms/div

Set volts/div: to 10V/div

corner displays the RMS value of the measured AC voltage.

Different readouts are available (see HPS140 manual for How-To instructions).

Note: If you live in an area where the AC grid frequency is 60Hz instead of 50Hz (e.g. US), the image may slightly vary.

	7
Exp.2: Adjustable AC voltage (advantages of the auto-setup function)

Experiment 2: Adjustable AC voltage

(advantages of the auto-setup function)

Connection layout:

NOTES:

Connection summary

GND clip : 2

Probe tip : 3

Purpose:

The purpose of this experiment is to show the advantages of the auto-setup function to measure AC voltage.

How?:

1.Turn on the HPS140 Handheld Pocket Scope (see HPS140 manual for How-To instructions).

2.Place the probe switch “x1/x10” to ‘x1’.

Trimmer RV1 allows us to adjust the output voltage on test point 3 between 0V and the full input voltage. Turn RV1 fully anti-clockwise (0V output). The trace on our oscilloscope screen remains a flat line, as there is no input voltage.

Next, set V/div to 50mV/div (see HPS140 manual for How-To instructions).

Slightly turn RV1 clockwise until a sine wave is displayed on the screen. You only need to turn it slightly before the signal appears. If the signal goes ‘off-screen’, turn RV1 anti-clock- wise until the signal is correctly displayed. In the lower right hand corner, you can read the current RMS value of the AC voltage measured, e.g. 100mV (0.1V)

8
	Exp.2: Adjustable AC voltage (advantages of the auto-setup function)

Turn RV1 a little further clockwise. The signal goes offscreen and the Vrms readout displays ?????mV, because the unit is no longer capable of calculating the correct Vrms.

How can we display the current signal correctly again?

Increase the V/div setting to 0.1V/div. As you will see, the signal fits the screen again.

If you turn RV1 clockwise again, the signal will go off screen again.

Changing V/div to 0.2V/div once again restores the display.

You can continue this process until RV1 is turned fully clockwise. In that case, we will measure the full input voltage, which we also measured in experiment 1.

Is there a better way of measuring unknown voltages?

Yes there is, by using the ‘auto-setup’-function.

Keep pressing any of the arrow keys until V/div and time/div are displayed in reverse video. The trace immediately adjusts for optimal viewing.

Now you can adjust the voltage from 0 to max. by turning RV1. At any time, the trace will be displayed correctly and it will not go off-screen. At the lower right-hand corner, the current Vrms will be correctly displayed.