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USER'S GUIDE
Combined Wind Senso
WMS301 and WMS302
M210375en-A
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PUBLISHED BY
Vaisala Oyj Phone (int.):+358 9 8949 1
P.O. Box 26 Fax: +358 9 8949 2227
FIN-00421 Helsinki
Finland
Visit our Internet pa ge s at http://www.vaisala.com/
© Vaisala 2002
No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical (including photocopying), nor may its
contents be communicate d to a third party without prior written
permission of the copyright holder.
The contents are subject to change without prior notice.
Please observe that this manual does not create any legally binding
obligations f or Vaisala towards the customer or end user. All legally
binding commitme nts and agreements are included exclusively in the
applicable supply contract or Conditions of Sale.
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Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL INFORMATION.......................................................3
About This Manual..................................................3
Contents of This Manual.......................................3
Version Information...............................................4
Feedback..............................................................4
Safety.......................................................................4
General Safety Considerations.............................4
Product Related Safety Precautions.....................5
ESD Protection.....................................................5
Regulatory Compliances........................................6
Warranty..................................................................6
CHAPTER 2
PRODUCT OVERVIEW.............................................................7
Introduction to WMS Series Wind Sensors..........7
Product Nomenclature ...........................................9
CHAPTER 3
INSTALLATION ......................................................................11
Selecting Location................................................11
Connector..............................................................12
Installation Procedure..........................................14
Initial Check........................................................14
Mounting.............................................................16
Mounting Sensor to the Wind Sensor Mast....16
Mounting to a Pole Mast with WMS30KIT......17
Aligning the Sensor.............................................19
CHAPTER 4
MAINTENANCE......................................................................21
Periodic Maintenance...........................................21
Testing Proper Operation ...................................21
Replacing Consumables.....................................21
Parts List for Consumables.................................24
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CHAPTER 5
TROUBLESHOOTING............................................................25
Common Problems .............................................. 25
Technical Support................................................25
Return Instructions.............................................. 26
CHAPTER 6
TECHNICAL DATA.................................................................27
Specifications....................................................... 27
Dimensions........................................................... 29
MTBF .....................................................................29
MTTR .....................................................................29
List of Figures
Figure 1 WMS Series Combined Wind Sensor.......................8
Figure 2 Recommended Mast Location in Open Area..........11
Figure 3 Recommended Mast Length on the Top of
a Building ...............................................................12
Figure 4 WMS301 Connector............................................... 13
Figure 5 WMS302 Connector............................................... 13
Figure 6 WMS301 Principal Circuit Diagram........................ 14
Figure 7 WMS302 Principal Circuit Diagram........................ 15
Figure 8 WMS302 Factory Alignment (Models with the
Alignment Sleeve)..................................................15
Figure 9 Mounting of the Combined Wind Sensor................ 16
Figure 10 WMS301/WMS302 Installation with WMS30KIT.... 18
Figure 11 Aligning the Combined Wind Sensor......................19
Figure 12 WMS Assembly...................................................... 23
Figure 13 Dimensions (in mm) of the Combined Wind
Sensor....................................................................29
List of Tables
Table 1 Manual Revisions.....................................................4
Table 2 WMS Series Wind Sensor Nomenclature................. 9
Table 3 Available Spare Parts............................................. 24
Table 4 Some Common Problems and their Remedies......25
Table 5 Anemometer Specifications....................................27
Table 6 Vane Specifications................................................28
Table 7 Common Specifications..........................................28
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Chapter 1 ___________________________________________General Information
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
This chapter provides general notes for the product.
About This Manual
This manual provides information for installing,
maintaining, and troubleshooting WMS301 and WMS302
Combined W ind Sensor.
Contents of This Manual
This manual consists of the following chapters:
- Chapter 1, General Information, provides gen eral notes
for the product.
- Chapter 2, Product Overview, introduces the W M S301
and WMS302 Com bined Wind Sensor features.
- Chapter 3, Ins tallation, provides you with inform ation
that is inte nded to help you install the wind sensor.
- Chapter 4, Maintenance, provides informatio n that is
needed in basic maintenance of t he product.
- Chapter 5, Tro ubleshooting, describes common problems,
their probable ca uses and remedies, and contact
information.
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- Chapter 6, Technical Data, provides the technical data of
WMS301 and WMS302 Combined Wind Sensor.
Version Information
Table 1 Manual Revisions
Manual Code Description
M010030en-C WMS301 & WMS302 Combined Wind
Sensors Quick Reference Guide
M210375en-A First version of the WMS301 and
WMS302 Combined Wind Sensor User's
Guide. Replaces the above mentioned
Quick Reference Guide.
Safety
Feedback
Vaisala Customer Documentation Team welcom es your
comments and suggestions on the quality and usefulness of
this publicati on. If you find errors or have other suggestions
for improvement, please indicate the chapter, section, and
page number. Y ou can send comments to us by e-mail:
manuals@vaisala.com
General Safety Considerations
Throughout the manual, important safety considerations are
highlighted as follows:
WARNING
4 ______________________________________________________ M210375en-A
Warning alerts you to a serious hazard. If you do not read
and follow instructions very carefully at this point, there is
a risk of injury or even death.
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Chapter 1 ___________________________________________General Information
CAUTION
NOTE
WARNING
Caution warns you of a potential hazard. If you do not read
and follow instructions carefully at this point, the product
could be dama ged or important data could be los t.
Note highlights important information on using the product.
Product Related Safety Precautions
The device delivered to you has been tested for safety and
approved as shipped from the factory. Note the following
precautions:
Ground the product, and verify outdoor installation
grounding periodically to minimize shock hazard.
CAUTION
Do not modify the unit. Improper modificatio n can damage
the product o r lead to malfunction.
ESD Protection
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) can cause immediate or latent
damage to electronic circuits. Vaisala products are
adequately protected agains t ESD for their intended use.
However, it is possible to dam a ge the produ ct by deliver i ng
electrostatic discharges when touching, removing, or
inserting any objects inside the equipment housing.
To make sure you are not delivering high static voltages
yourself:
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- Handle ESD sensitive components on a properly
grounded and protected ESD w orkbench. When this is
not possible, ground yourse lf to the equipment chassis
before touching the boards. Ground yourself with a wrist
strap and a resistive connection cord. When neither of the
above is possible, touch a cond uctive part of the
equipment chassi s with y our other ha nd befo re to uc hin g
the boards.
- Always hold the boards by the edges and avoid touching
the component contacts.
Regulatory Compliances
The WMS301 and WMS302 sensors comply with the
following performance and environmental test standards:
Warranty
- Mechanical vibration test per 1EC-68-2-6 Fc
- RF field emissi on test per EN 55022 Class B
- Conducted immunity tests
- Electrostatic discharge EN61000-4-2
- RF field immunity EN6100-4-3
- Fast transient burst EN61000-4-4
For certain prod ucts Vaisala n ormally gives a l imited oneyear warranty. Please obser ve that any such warranty may
not be valid in case of damage due to normal wear and tear,
exceptional operating conditions, negligent handling or
installation, or unauthorized modifications. Please see the
applicable supply contract or Conditions of Sale for details
of the warranty for each product.
6 ______________________________________________________ M210375en-A
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Chapter 2 ____________________________________________ Product Overview
CHAPTER 2
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
This chapter introduces the WMS301 and WMS302
Combined Wind Sensor features.
Introduction to WMS Series Wind Sensors
WMS series wind sensors are compact sized instruments
with the wind sp eed and direction sensors integrated into
one unit. The sensor electronics is located inside a
watertight compartment providing full protection against
water, dust, pollutants, and electromagnetic interference.
The cup wheel shape, dimensions, and material have bee n
carefully designed to achieve maximum measurement
quality. The co nical cups have been tested to give linear
response between wind speed and angular velocity of the
cup wheel. The polyamide plastic reinforced with carbon
fiber guarantees a rigid structure even at the highest wind
speeds.
The anemometer ball bearing assembly is composed of a
wheel shaft, a pair of low friction ball bearings, a nd a shaft
fixed magnet. A reed relay with e lectronics located in the
body of the sensor converts the cup wheel rotation to pulses.
Therefore, when properly supplied the sensor can be read
practically with any data logger, either by counting the
number of pulses within a fixed time period or measuring
the time between successive trans ients. In the latter method
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averaging of transient interval s should be used, since two
pulses with non-symmetric positioning are generated during
one revolution.
The balanced wind vane is integ rated in the housing,
underneath the cup wheel. The circular tail is located far
enough from the body and the cup wheel to avoid
turbulence due to these structures. The vane assembly is
made of PA reinforced with glass fiber providing durable
and lightweight structure with fast response and low inertia.
The angular position of the vane is detected using an axial
symmetric rotating potentiometer. The potentiometer
features low starting and running torque, linear arc-toresistance transfer ratio, and long operation life.
0212-220
Figure 1 WMS Series Combined Wind Sensor
The following numbers refer to Figure 1 above:
1 = The cup wheel assembly
2 = The vane assembly
3 = The sensor compartment
WMS301 is equipped with a one-wip e r type potentiometer
with an open gap of only 5 degrees. With constant voltage
applied to the potentiometer, the output voltage is directly
proportional to the azimuth angle.
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Chapter 2 ____________________________________________ Product Overview
WMS302 has a two-wiper type potentiometer to overc ome
the wind direction discontinuity. However, a more complex
voltage-to-direction conversion process is needed.
Product Nomenclature
Table 2 WMS Series Wind Sens or Nomenclature
Code Common Name
Basic
Options WMS30KIT Installation Accessories to be used
WMS301 Combined Wind Sensor with one
wiper potentiometer
WMS302 Combined Wind Sensor with two
wiper potentiometers
with pole masts
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Chapter 3 __________________________________________________ Installation
CHAPTER 3
INSTALLATION
This chapter provides you with information that is intended
to help you install the wind sensor.
Selecting Location
Allow sufficient clearance for the wind sensor. Install the
wind sensor away from buildings or any other objects that
might affect the airf low.
0212-221
Figure 2 Recommended Mast Location in Open Area
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In general, any object of height (h) will not rem a rkably
disturb the wind measurement at a minimum distance of
10 × h. There should be at least 150 m open area to all
directions from the mast. Refer to Figure 2 on page 11.
Connector
0212-222
Figure 3 Recommended Mast Length on the Top of a
Building
The recommended minimum length (h in Figure 3 above)
for the mast that is installed on the top of a building is 1.5
times the height of the building (H). When the diagonal (W)
is less than the height (H) the minimum length of the mast is
1.5 × W.
The WMS301 connector is shown in Figure 4 on page 13.
The WMS302 connector is shown in Figure 5 on page 13.
Type M12 female connector, for example, made by
Lumberg, Phoenix, or Binder is suitable for connecting the
cable to the sensor.
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Chapter 3 __________________________________________________ Installation
0212-223
Figure 4 WMS301 Connector
The following numbers refer to Figure 4 above.
1 = +Vref, voltage input
2 = DIR, signal output, wind direction
3 = GND, ground
4 = GND, ground
5 = SPD, signal output, wind speed
0212-223
Figure 5 WMS302 Connector
The following numbers refer to Figure 5 above.
1 = +Vref, voltage input
2 = DIR1, signal output, wind direction
3 = GND, ground
4 = DIR2, signal output, wind direction
5 = SPD, signal output, wind speed
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A pull up resistor, for example, 10 kΩ, is needed at SPD
output to supply the anemometer electronics. It is
recommended to use a Schmitt-trigger input with the SPD
signal.
Installation Procedure
Initial Check
After you have unpacked the sensor, check for any signs of
shipping damage. Also test that the vane a nd cup wheel
rotate without friction.
Before installation, use an ohmmeter to check the proper
operation of speed (SPD ) and direction (DIR1 and DIR2)
outputs while rotating the cup wheel and vane slowly. For
measuring the direc tio n, note that 10 kΩ/360º and
10 kΩ/180° potentiometers are used with WMS301 and
WMS302 respectively. For the principal circuit diagrams,
refer to Figure 6 below and Figure 7 on page 15.
0212-224
Figure 6 WMS301 Principal Circuit Diagram
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Chapter 3 __________________________________________________ Installation
0212-225
Figure 7 WMS302 Principal Circuit Diagram
The WMS302 sensor is aligned at the factory according to
Figure 8 below. This factory alignment applies to all models
with the alignment sleeve. The alignment sleeve is secured
with a small size Allen bolt to the sensor body.
0212-226
Figure 8 WMS302 Factory Alignment (Models with
the Alignment Sleeve)
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Mounting
Mounting Sensor to the Wind Sensor Mast
After a proper location for wind measurement has been
selected, you can mount the sen sor to the wind sensor mast.
The diameter of the wi nd sensor mast is 30 mm. To mount
the sensor, do the followi ng:
1. Fit the cable (number 2 in Figure 9 below) through the
mounting piece (3) and connect the cable to the sensor.
0212-227
Figure 9 Mounting of the Combined Wind
Sensor
2. Place the mounting piece (3) on t he top of the ma st and
align the tap (5) to north.
3. Align the n otch (4) to the ta p (5) and attach the sensor
to the mounting piece with the plastic collar (1).
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Chapter 3 __________________________________________________ Installation
4. Secure the mounting piece (3) to the mast by tightening
the mounting screw (6).
5. Route the sensor cable down along the mast and
always attach the cable to the mast with cable ties.
6. Mount the wind sensor mast firmly to a solid base, for
example, to a pole mast.
7. Connect the signa l cable to a data logge r or display
device.
Mounting to a Pole Mast with WMS30KIT
You can mount the wind sens or with a mast on the top of a
pole mast using WMS30KIT. When the mast is high, use a
combined wind sensor with a 10 m cable. You can mount
the wind senso r mast to a metallic or wooden mast.
WARNING
Do not install the wind sensor above the top of the
lightning protection rod.
To mount the wind sensor mast to a metallic mast, do the
following (the numbers refer to Figure 10 on page 18):
1. Install the plastic protective plate (5) between the mast
(6) and the mounting piece.
2. Attach the mounting piece to the mast (6) using the
large clamps.
3. Attach the wind sensor mast with the wind sensor (1)
to the mast (6) using the smaller clamps.
4. Secure the cable with the fixed cable tie ( 3) to the wind
sensor mast.
5. Route the sensor cable down along the mast and
always attach the cable to the mast with cable ties.
6. Connect the signa l cable to a data logge r or display
device.
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1
2
6
5
3
4
2
3
0103-010
Figure 10 WMS301/WMS302 Installation with
WMS30KIT
The following numbers refer to Figure 10 above:
1 = WMS301 or WMS302
2 = Wood screws
3 = Cable tie
4 = Wooden mast
5 = Plastic protective plate
6=Pole mast
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Chapter 3 __________________________________________________ Installation
To mount the wind sensor mast to a wooden mast, do the
following (the numbers refer to Figure 10 on page 18):
1. Attach the mounting piece with the wood screws (2) to
the wooden mast (4) through the wind sensor mast.
2. Secure the cable with the fixed cable tie ( 3) to the wind
sensor mast.
3. Route the sensor cable down along the mast and
always attach the cable to the mast with cable ties.
4. Connect the signa l cable to a data logge r or display
device.
Aligning the Sensor
If you need to align the combined wind sensor, use the data
logger or display device to monitor the instant wind
direction. To align the combined wind sensor, do the
following (numbers refer to Figure 11 below):
1. Place the m ounting piece (2) on the top of the wind
sensor mast and attach the sensor to the mounting piece
(4) with the plastic collar (3).
0201-034
Figure 11 Aligning the Combined Wind Sensor
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2. Choose a known wind direction reference point on the
horizon with the help of a compass.
3. Point the nose (1) of the vane at the reference point.
4. Hold the vane in position and slowly rotate the
mounting piece (4) until wind direction shows proper
value.
5. Secure the mounting piece (4) to the mast by tightening
the mounting screw.
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Chapter 4 ________________________________________________ Maintenance
CHAPTER 4
MAINTENANCE
This chapter provides information that is needed in basic
maintenance of the produc t.
Periodic Maintenance
Testing Proper Operation
It is recommended to check the ball bearings of the
anemometer and the vane every year. If the cup wheel or the
vane is not rotating smoothly or it creates detectable noise,
the bearings must be replaced.
Replacing Consumables
Only a trained technician should replace the bear ings.
If your sensor includes the alignment sleeve and the f actory
alignment ha s not been altered, you can simply remove and
remount the sensor to its plac e with the plast i c collar
without realigning.
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To replace the ball bearings, do the following (the numbers
refer to Figure 12 on page 23):
Anemometer bearings:
1. Loosen the hubnut (14) with fingers or a 10 mm tool
and remove the cup w heel (13).
2. Remove the ball bearing assembly (12) by unscrewing
it counterclockwise (with a 10 mm tool).
3. Insert a new bearing assembly (12). Tighten gently.
4. Fasten the cup w heel to the sen sor. Tighten gently.
Vane bearings:
1. Proceed as described in steps 1 and 2 above.
2. Open the loc k screw (11) of the ta il assembly (10) and
remove the screw.
3. Remove the Seeger-ring (9) (with narrow point pliers).
4. Remove the bearing assembly (8).
5. Replace the bearings inside the housing with new ones.
6. Assemble the sensor in the reverse work order.
Note that part number 6 in Figure 12 on page 23 consists of
two parts. The lower portion has a notch that is aligned at
the factory in relation to the output of the potentiometer to
point north when the sensor is mounted.
The following numbers refer to Figure 12 on page 23:
1=Casing
2a = Reed switch PCB
2b = Potentiometer PCB
3 = Retainer
4=Sleeve
5 = O-ring
6= Base part
7 = Mast adapter sleeve
8 = Bearing assembly
9 = Seeger ring
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Chapter 4 ________________________________________________ Maintenance
10 = Tail assembly
11 = Lock screw
12 = Bearing assembly
13 = Cup wheel
14 = Hubnut
0009-022
Figure 12 WMS Assembly
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Parts List for Consumables
Table 3 Available Spare Parts
Spare Part Order Code
Cup wheel assembly WA45233
Anemometer bearing assembly WA45232
Vane assembly WA35234
Set of bearings 25160WA
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Chapter 5 ______________________________________________Troubleshooting
CHAPTER 5
TROUBLESHOOTING
This chapter describes common problems, their probable
causes and remedies, and contact information.
Common Problems
Table 4 Some Common Problems and their
Remedies
Problem Probable Cause Remedy
The data is not
received from the
sensor.
The sensor is mechanically
damaged.
The sensor is not powered
properly.
Check the cables and
connectors.
Check that the supply voltage
is 3 to 15 VDC
Technical Support
For technical questions, contact the Vaisala technical
support:
E-mail helpdesk@vaisala.com
Telephone +358 9 8949 2789
Fax +358 9 8949 2790
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User's Guide ________________________________________________________
Return Instructions
If the product needs repair, please follow the instructions
below to speed up the process and avoid extra costs.
1. Read the warranty information.
2. Write a Problem Report with the name and contact
information of a technically competent person who can
provide further information on the problem.
3. On the Problem Report, please explain:
- What failed (what w orked / did no t work)?
- Where did it fail (location and enviro nment)?
- When did it fail (da te, immediately / after a while /
periodically / randomly)?
- How many failed (only one defect / other same or
similar defects / several failures in one unit)?
- What was connected to the product and to which
connectors?
- Input power source type, voltage and l ist of other
items (lighting, heaters, motors etc.) that were
connected to the same power output.
- What was done when the failure was noticed?
4. Include a detailed return address with your preferred
shipping method on the Problem Report.
5. Pack the faulty product using an ESD protection bag of
good quality with proper cushioning material in a
strong box of adequate size. Plea se include the
Problem Report in t he same box.
6. Send the box to:
Vaisala Oyj
SSD Service
Vanha Nurmij ärventie 21
FIN-01670 Vant aa
Finland
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Chapter 6 _______________________________________________Technical Data
CHAPTER 6
TECHNICAL DATA
This chapter provides the tec h nic al data of WMS301 an d
WMS302 Com bined Wind Sensor.
Specifications
Table 5 Anemom e ter Specifications
Property Description/Value
Sensor / Transducer type Dual Reed switch
Measuring range 0.5 ... 60 m/s
Starting threshold < 0.4 m/s
Distance constant 2 m
Transducer output 1 Hz ~ 0.7 m/s
Accuracy
(≤ 10 m/s)
(> 10 m/s)
Transfer function, where
U = wind speed [m/s]
F = output frequency [Hz]
± 0.3 m/s
error < 2 %
U = - 0.24 + F × 0.699
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Table 6 Vane Specifications
Property Description/Value
Sensor / Transducer type Potentiomet er
Measuring range
WMS302
WMS301
Starting threshold < 1.0 m/s
Damping ratio 0.3
Overshoot ratio 0.4
Delay distance 0.6 m
Accuracy
0 ... 360°
0 ... 355°
Better than ± 3°
Table 7 Common Specifications
Property Description/Value
Supply voltage 3 ... 15 VDC
Electrical connections 5-pin male with 12 mm
threads
Body material AlMgSi, gray anodized
Cup material PA, reinforced with carbon
fiber; black
Vane material PA, reinforced with glass fiber,
white
Operating temperature - 40 ... + 55 °C (-40 ... +131°F)
Storage temperature - 60 ... + 65 °C (-76 ... +149°F)
Dimensions 265 (h) × 360 (w) mm
(10.4 (h) × 14.2 (w) in)
Weight 360 g (12.7 oz)
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Chapter 6 _______________________________________________Technical Data
Dimensions
MTBF
MTTR
0212-228
Figure 13 Dimensions (in mm) of the Combined Wind
Sensor
The calculated mean time between failure is 4. 4 × 105 h for
permanent installations. The value equals to 2.27 when
expressed in a fail ure frequency during 10
Mean time to repair is 0.2 h.
6
hours of use.
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*M210375
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