current regulation or gated con
trol of an external regulator
Easily integrated into systems or
➤
used as a stand-alone charger
Pre-charge qualification of tem
➤
perature and voltage
Configurable, direct LED outputs
➤
display battery and charge status
Fast-charge termination by ∆ tem
➤
perature/∆ time, peak volume de
tection, -∆V, maximum voltage,
maximum temperature, and maximum time
➤ Optional top-off charge and
pulsed current maintenance
charging
➤ Logic-level controlled low-power
mode (< 5µA standby current)
General Description
The bq2004 Fast Charge IC provides
comprehensive fast charge control
functions together with high-speed
switching power control circuitry on a
monolithic CMOS device.
Integration of closed-loop current
control circuitry allows the bq2004
to be the basis of a cost-effective so
lution for stand-alone and systemintegrated chargers for batteries of
one or more cells.
Switch-activated discharge-beforecharge allows bq2004-based chargers
to support battery conditioning and
capacity determination.
-
High-efficiency power conversion is
accomplished using the bq2004 as a
hysteretic PWM controller for
switch-mode regulation of the charging current. The bq2004 may alternatively be used to gate an externally
regulated charging current.
Fast charge may begin on application
of the charging supply, replacement
of the battery, or switch depression.
For safety, fast charge is inhibited
unless/until the battery tempera
ture and voltage are within config
ured limits.
Temperature, voltage, and time are
monitored throughout fast charge.
Fast charge is terminated by any of
the following:
-
Rate of temperature time
n
(∆T/∆t)
Peak voltage detection (PVD)
n
Negative delta voltage (-∆V)
n
Maximum voltage
n
Maximum temperature
n
Maximum time
n
After fast charge, optional top-off
and pulsed current maintenance
phases are available.
-
-
Pin Connections
DCMD
DSEL
VSEL
TM
1
TM
2
TCO
TS
BAT
16-Pin Narrow DIP
SLUS063–JUNE 1999 F
16
1
2
15
3
14
4
13
5
12
6
11
7
10
8
or Narrow SOIC
PN2004E01.eps
9
INH
DIS
MOD
VCC
V
SS
LED
LED
SNS
Pin Names
DCMDDischarge command
DSELDisplay select
VSELVoltage termination
select
TM
TM
2
1
TCOTemperature cutoff
TSTemperature sense
Timer mode select 1
1
Timer mode select 2
2
BATBattery voltage
1
SNSSense resistor input
LED
LED
V
SS
V
CC
Charge status output 1
1
Charge status output 2
2
System ground
5.0V±10% power
MODCharge current control
DISDischarge control
output
INH
Charge inhibit input
bq2004
Pin Descriptions
DCMD
DSEL
VSEL
TM
TM
TCO
TS
BAT
Discharge-before-charge control input
The DCMD
that enable discharge-before-charge. DCMD
is pulled up internally. A negative-going
pulse on DCMD
of-discharge voltage (EDV) on the BAT pin,
followed by a new charge cycle start. Tying
DCMD
to ground enables automatic
discharge-before-charge on every new charge
cycle start.
Display select input
This three-state input configures the charge
status display mode of the LED
outputs. See Table 2.
Voltage termination select input
This three-state input controls the voltagetermination technique used by the bq2004.
When high, PVD is active. When floating,
-∆V is used. When pulled low, both PVD and
-∆V are disabled.
Timer mode inputs
–
1
2
and TM2are three-state inputs that
TM
1
configure the fast charge safety timer, voltage
termination hold-off time, “top-off ”, and
trickle charge control. See Table 1.
Temperature cut-off threshold input
Input to set maximum allowable battery
temperature. If the potential between TS
and SNS is less than the voltage at the TCO
input, then fast charge or top-off charge is ter
minated.
Temperature sense input
Input, referenced to SNS, for an external
thermister monitoring battery temperature.
Battery voltage input
BAT is the battery voltage sense input, refer
enced to SNS. This is created by a highimpedance resistor-divider network con
nected between the positive and the negative
terminals of the battery.
input controls the conditions
initiates a discharge to end-
and LED
1
SNS
Charging current sense input
SNS controls the switching of MOD based on
an external sense resistor in the current
path of the battery. SNS is the reference po
tential for both the TS and BAT pins. If
SNS is connected to V
, then MOD switches
SS
high at the beginning of charge and low at
the end of charge.
LED
LED
Charge status outputs
–
1
2
Push-pull outputs indicating charging
status. See Table 2.
V
SS
V
CC
2
Ground
VCCsupply input
5.0V, ±10% power input.
MOD
Charge current control output
MOD is a push-pull output that is used to
control the charging current to the battery.
MOD switches high to enable charging current to flow and low to inhibit charging
current flow.
DIS
Discharge control output
Push-pull output used to control an external
transistor to discharge the battery before
charging.
INH
Charge inhibit input
When low, the bq2004 suspends all charge
actions, drives all outputs to high imped
ance, and assumes a low-power operational
state. When transitioning from low to high, a
-
new charge cycle is started.
-
-
2
bq2004
Functional Description
Figure 3 shows a block diagram and Figure 4 shows a
state diagram of the bq2004.
Battery Voltage and Temperature
Measurements
Battery voltage and temperature are monitored for
maximum allowable values. The voltage presented on
the battery sense input, BAT, should represent a
two-cell potential for the battery under charge. A
resistor-divider ratio of:
RB1
N
=
and
- 1
2
and VSS. See
CC
RB2
is recommended to maintain the battery voltage within
the valid range, where N is the number of cells, RB1 is
the resistor connected to the positive battery terminal,
and RB2 is the resistor connected to the negative bat
tery terminal. See Figure 1.
Note: This resistor-divider network input impedance to
end-to-end should be at least 200kΩ and less than 1MΩ.
A ground-referenced negative temperature coefficient thermistor placed in proximity to the battery may be used as a
low-cost temperature-to-voltage transducer. The temperature sense voltage input at TS is developed using a
resistor-thermistor network between V
Figure 1. Both the BAT and TS inputs are referenced to
SNS, so the signals used inside the IC are:
V
BAT-VSNS=VCELL
V
TS-VSNS=VTEMP
Discharge-Before-Charge
The DCMD input is used to command discharge-beforecharge via the DIS output. Once activated, DIS becomes
active (high) until V
falls below V
CELL
at which time
EDV,
DIS goes low and a new fast charge cycle begins.
The DCMD
input is internally pulled up to VCC(its inac
tive state). Leaving the input unconnected, therefore,
results in disabling discharge-before-charge. A negative
going pulse on DCMD
initiates discharge-before-charge
at any time regardless of the current state of the
bq2004. If DCMD
is tied to VSS, discharge-before-charge
will be the first step in all newly started charge cycles.
Starting a Charge Cycle
A new charge cycle (see Figure 2) is started by:
1.V
-
2.V
3.A transition on the INH
If DCMD
cuted as the first step of the new charge cycle. Otherwise, pre-charge qualification testing is the first step.
The battery must be within the configured temperature
and voltage limits before fast charging begins.
The valid battery voltage range is V
where:
The valid temperature range is V
where:
rising above 4.5V
CC
falling through the maximum cell voltage,
CELL
V
where:
MCV
= 0.8 ∗ VCC± 30mV
V
MCV
input from low to high.
is tied low, a discharge-before-charge is exe-
EDV<VBAT<VMCV
= 0.4 ∗ VCC± 30mV
V
EDV
HTF<VTEMP<VLTF
-
,
Negative Temperature
Coefficient Thermister
V
CC
SNS
RT1
T
S
RT2
bq2004
BAT
SNS
RB1
RB2
PACK+
bq2004
PACK-
Figure 1. Voltage and Temperature Monitoring
3
PACK +
N
T
C
PACK -
Fg2004a.eps
bq2004
Dis-
charge
(Optional)
Charge
Pending*
(Pulse-Trickle)
DIS
Switch-mode
MOD
Configuration
or
External
Regulation
MOD
(
SNS Grounded)
Mode 1, LED2 Status Output
Mode 1, LED1 Status Output
Mode 2, LED2 Status Output
Mode 2, LED1 Status Output
Fast Charging
Top-Off
(Optional)
2080 s
2080 s
260 s
260 s
Pulse-Trickle
260 s
Note*
260 s
Note*
Mode 3, LED2 Status Output
Mode 3, LED1 Status Output
Battery within temperature/voltage limits.
Battery discharged to 0.4 * V
temperature/voltage limits.
Discharge-Before-Charge started
*See Table 3 for pulse-trickle period.
Figure 2. Charge Cycle Phases
Battery outside
CC.
TD200401a.eps
4
V
= 0.4 ∗ VCC± 30mV
LTF
V
HTF
= [(1/4 ∗ V
) + (3/4 ∗ V
LTF
)] ± 30mV
TCO
Note: The low temperature fault (LTF) threshold is not
enforced if the IC is configured for PVD termination
(VSEL = high).
V
is the voltage presented at the TCO input pin, and is
TCO
configured by the user with a resistor divider between V
CC
and ground. The allowed range is 0.2 to 0.4 ∗ VCC.
If the temperature of the battery is out of range, or the
voltage is too low, the chip enters the charge pending
state and waits for both conditions to fall within their al
lowed limits. The MOD output is modulated to provide
the configured trickle charge rate in the charge pending
state. There is no time limit on the charge pending
state; the charger remains in this state as long as the
voltage or temperature conditons are outside of the al
lowed limits. If the voltage is too high, the chip goes to
the battery absent state and waits until a new charge
cycle is started.
Fast charge continues until termination by one or more
of the six possible termination conditions:
Delta temperature/delta time (∆T/∆t)
n
Peak voltage detection (PVD)
n
n
Negative delta voltage (-∆V)
n
Maximum voltage
n
Maximum temperature
n
Maximum time
PVD and -∆V Termination
The bq2004 samples the voltage at the BAT pin once
every 34s. When -∆V termination is selected, if V
CELL
lower than any previously measured value by 12mV
±4mV (6mV/cell), fast charge is terminated. When PVD
termination is selected, if V
is lower than any previ
CELL
ously measured value by 6mV ±2mV (3mV/cell), fast
charge is terminated. The PVD and -∆V tests are valid
in the range 0.4 ∗ V
CC<VCELL
< 0.8 ∗ VCC.
VSEL InputVoltage Termination
LowDisabled
Float
-∆V
HighPVD
Voltage Sampling
Each sample is an average of voltage measurements
taken 57µs apart. The IC takes 32 measurements in
PVD mode and 16 measurements in -∆V mode. The re
bq2004
sulting sample periods (9.17ms and 18.18ms, respec
tively) filter out harmonics centered around 55Hz and
109Hz. This technique minimizes the effect of any AC
line ripple that may feed through the power supply from
either 50Hz or 60Hz AC sources. Tolerance on all tim
ing is ±16%.
Voltage Termination Hold-off
A hold-off period occurs at the start of fast charging.
During the hold-off period, -∆V termination is disabled.
This avoids premature termination on the voltage
spikes sometimes produced by older batteries when
-
fast-charge current is first applied. ∆T/∆t, maximum
voltage and maximum temperature terminations are
not affected by the hold-off period.
∆T/∆t Termination
-
The bq2004 samples at the voltage at the TS pin every
34s, and compares it to the value measured two samples
earlier. If V
charge is terminated. If VSEL = high, the ∆T/∆t termi
nation test is valid only when V
0.2 ∗ V
. Otherwise the ∆T/∆t termination test is valid
CC
only when V
Temperature Sampling
Each sample is an average of 16 voltage measurements
taken 57µ s apart. The resulting sample period
(18.18ms) filters out harmonics around 55Hz. This technique minimizes the effect of any AC line ripple that
may feed through the power supply from either 50Hz or
60Hz AC sources. Tolerance on all timing is ±16%.
Maximum Voltage, Temperature, and Time
Anytime V
charging ceases immediately. If V
is
low V
the Charge Complete state (maximum voltage termina
tion). If V
-
t
MCV,
(battery removal). See Figure 4.
Maximum temperature termination occurs anytime
V
TEMP
V
TCO
high), charge will also be terminated if V
above the low temperature fault threshold, V
fast charge begins. The V
when the IC is configured for PVD termination.
Maximum charge time is configured using the TM pin.
Time settings are available for corresponding charge
rates of C/4, C/2, 1C, and 2C. Maximum time-out termi
nation is enforced on the fast-charge phase, then reset,
and enforced again on the top-off phase, if selected.
There is no time limit on the trickle-charge phase.
-
before t
MCV
CELL
the bq2004 transitions to the Battery Absent state
falls below the temperature cutoff threshold
. Unless PVD termination is enabled (VSEL =
has fallen 16mV ±4mV or more, fast
TEMP
TCO<VTEMP<VTCO
TCO<VTEMP<VLTF
rises above V
CELL
= 1.5s ±0.5s, the chip transitions to
MCV
remains above V
.
the LEDs go off and
MCV,
LTF
then falls back be
CELL
at the expiration of
MCV
threshold is not enforced
TEMP
LTF
-
-
-
+
-
-
rises
, after
-
5
bq2004
Top-off Charge
An optional top-off charge phase may be selected to
follow fast charge termination for the C/2 through 4C
rates. This phase may be necessary on NiMH or other
battery chemistries that have a tendency to terminate
charge prior to reaching full capacity. With top-off en
abled, charging continues at a reduced rate after
fast-charge termination for a period of time equal to
the fast-charge safety time (See Table 1.) During topoff, the MOD pin is enabled at a duty cycle of 260µsac
tive for every 1820µs inactive. This modulation results
in an average rate 1/8th that of the fast charge rate.
Maximum voltage, time, and temperature are the only
termination methods enabled during top-off.
Pulse-Trickle Charge
Pulse-trickle charging follows the fast charge and op
tional top-off charge phases to compensate for selfdischarge of the battery while it is idle in the charger.
The configured pulse-trickle rate is also applied in the
charge pending state to raise the voltage of an overdischarged battery up to the minimum required before
fast charge can begin.
In the pulse-trickle mode, MOD is active for 260µsofa
period specified by the settings of TM1 and TM2. See
Table 1. The resulting trickle-charge rate is C/64 when
top-off is enabled and C/32 when top-off is disabled.
Both pulse trickle and top-off may be disabled by tying
TM1 and TM2 to V
.
SS
Charge Status Indication
Charge status is indicated by the LED1and LED2out
puts. The state of these outputs in the various charge cy
cle phases is given in Table 2 and illustrated in Figure 2.
In all cases, if V
pin, both LED
less of other conditions. Both can be used to directly
drive an LED.
-
Charge Current Control
The bq2004 controls charge current through the MOD
output pin. The current control circuitry is designed to
support implementation of a constant-current switching
regulator or to gate an externally regulated current
source.
-
When used in switch mode configuration, the nominal
regulated current is:
Charge current is monitored at the SNS input by the
voltage drop across a sense resistor, R
low side of the battery pack and ground. R
provide the desired fast charge current.
If the voltage at the SNS pin is less than V
MOD output is switched high to pass charge current to
the battery.
, the MOD
output is switched low—shutting off charging current to
the battery.
V
= 0.04 ∗ VCC± 25mV
SNSLO
= 0.05 ∗ VCC± 25mV
V
SNSHI
Table 2. bq2004 LED Status Display Options
Mode 1Charge StatusLED
Battery absentLowLow
DSEL = V
SS
Mode 2Charge StatusLED
DSEL = Floating
Mode 3Charge StatusLED
DSEL = V
CC
Fast charge pending or discharge-before-charge in progressHighHigh
Fast charge in progressLowHigh
Charge complete, top-off, and/or trickleHighLow
Battery absent, fast charge in progress or completeLowLow
Fast charge pendingHighLow
Discharge in progressLowHigh
Top-off in progressHighHigh
Battery absentLowLow
Fast charge pending or discharge-before-charge in progressLow
Fast charge in progressLowHigh
Fast charge complete, top-off, and/or trickleHighLow
When used to gate an externally regulated current
source, the SNS pin is connected to V
, and no sense re
SS
sisitor is required.
1
1
1
LED
LED
LED
2
2
2
1/8s high
1/8s low
-
LED1
LED2
DSEL
DCMD
DVEN
TCOTM2TM1
OSC
Display
Control
Charge Control
State Machine
Discharge
Control
DISMODINHVCCV
Timing
Control
MOD
Control
PWR
Control
VTS - V
V
BAT
TCO
Check
LTF
Check
SNS
A/D
- V
SNS
EDV
Check
MCV
Check
Figure 3. Block Diagram
7
TS
SNS
BAT
SS
BD200401.eps
bq2004
New Charge Cycle Started by
Any One of:
Rising to Valid Level
V
CC
Battery Replacement
Falling through V
(V
CELL
Inhibit (INH) Released
V
EDV
MCV
< V
)
CELL
< V
DCMD Tied to Ground?
MCV
Battery Voltage?
No
Yes
V
CELL
< V
EDV
Rising Edge
on DCMD
Discharge-
Before-Charge
Charge
Pending
> V
< V
LTF
LTF
HTF
*
or
V
TEMP
V
TEMP
Battery Temperature?
V
CELL
<
Yes
TEMP
>
V
TCO
Time Out
< V
V
MCV
< V
V
HTF
Fast
Charge
- V or
T/ t or
V
TEMP
or
Maximum
Top-Off
Selected?
No
*VSEL = High disables LTF threshold enforcement
Pulse
Trickle
Charge
V
CELL
V
and
V
EDV
HTF
V
V
< V
V
CELL
< V
< V
CELL
MCV
EDV
V
MCV
CELL
TEMP
>
>
< V
< V
Top-Off
Charge
V
CELL
MCV
LTF
> V
*
V
CELL
V
MCV
V
TEMP
or Maximum
Time Out
MCV
Pulse
Trickle
Charge
<
< V
TCO
t >
V
CELL
V
MCV
t
MCV
>
V
CELL
> V
Pulse
Trickle
Charge
SD2004.eps
MCV
Battery
Absent
Pulse
Trickle
Charge
Charge
Complete
Figure 4. State Diagram
8
bq2004
Absolute Maximum Ratings
SymbolParameterMinimumMaximumUnitNotes
V
CC
V
T
T
OPR
T
STG
T
SOLDER
T
BIAS
Note:Permanent device damage may occur if Absolute Maximum Ratings are exceeded. Functional opera
VCCrelative to V
SS
DC voltage applied on any pin ex
cluding V
relative to V
CC
SS
-
-0.3+7.0V
-0.3+7.0V
Operating ambient temperature-20+70°CCommercial
Storage temperature-55+125°C
Soldering temperature-+260°C10 sec max.
Temperature under bias-40+85°C
tion should be limited to the Recommended DC Operating Conditions detailed in this data sheet. Expo
sure to conditions beyond the operational limits for extended periods of time may affect device reliability.
-
-
DC Thresholds (T
A=TOPR;VCC
10%)
±
SymbolParameterRatingToleranceUnitNotes
V
SNSHI
V
SNSLO
V
LTF
V
HTF
V
EDV
V
MCV
V
THERM
-∆V
PVD
High threshold at SNS resulting in MOD = Low
Low threshold at SNS resulting in MOD = High
Low-temperature fault
High-temperature fault
End-of-discharge voltage
Maximum cell voltage
TS input change for∆T/∆t
detection
BAT input change for -∆V
detection
BAT input change for PVD
detection
(1/4*V
0.05*V
0.04 * V
0.4*V
) + (2/3*V
LTF
0.4*V
0.8*V
-16
-12
-6
CC
CC
CC
CC
CC
TCO
0.025
±
0.010
±
0.030
±
)
0.030
±
0.030
±
0.030
±
±4
±4
±2
V
V
V
TEMP
V
its/terminates charge
V
TEMP
V
charge
V
CELL<VEDV
V
fast charge
V
CELL>VMCV
V
terminates charge
V
mV
mV
mV
= 5V, TA= 25°C
CC
V
= 5V, TA= 25°C
CC
V
= 5V, TA= 25°C
CC
V
≥
LTF
V
≤
HTF
-
inhib
inhibits
inhibits
inhibits/
9
bq2004
Recommended DC Operating Conditions (T
= T
A
OPR)
SymbolConditionMinimumTypical MaximumUnitNotes
V
V
V
V
V
V
CC
BAT
CELL
TS
TEMP
TCO
Supply voltage4.55.05.5V
Battery input0-V
BAT voltage potential0-V
Thermistor input0-V
TS voltage potential0-V
Temperature cutoff0.2*V
CC
-0.4*V
CC
CC
CC
CC
CC
V
VV
BAT
- V
SNS
V
VVTS- V
SNS
VValid∆T/∆t range
Logic input high2.0--VDCMD, INH
V
IH
Logic input highVCC- 0.3--VTM1,TM2, DSEL, VSEL
Logic input low--0.8VDCMD, INH
V
IL
Logic input low--0.3VTM1,TM2, DSEL, VSEL
V
V
OH
V
OL
I
CC
I
SB
I
OH
I
OL
Logic output high
Logic output low--0.8V
Supply current-13mAOutputs unloaded
Standby current--1
DIS, LED1, LED2, MOD source-10--mA@VOH= VCC- 0.8V
DIS, LED1, LED2, MOD sink10--mA@VOL= VSS+ 0.8V
Input leakage--
I
L
CC
- 0.8
--V
1
±
Input leakage50-400
I
IL
I
IH
I
IZ
Logic input low source--70
Logic input high source-70--
Tri-state-2-2
DIS, MOD, LED
I
-10mA
≤
OH
DIS, MOD, LED
I
10mA
≤
OL
AINH = V
µ
AINH, BAT, V = VSSto V
µ
ADCMD, V = VSSto V
µ
TM
A
µ
V = V
TM
A
µ
V = V
TM
A
µ
should be left disconnected
IL
,TM2, DSEL, VSEL,
1
to VSS+ 0.3V
SS
,TM2, DSEL, VSEL,
1
- 0.3V to V
CC
,TM2, DSEL, and VSEL
1
(floating) for Z logic input state
, LED2,
1
, LED2,
1
CC
CC
CC
Note:All voltages relative to VSSexcept as noted.
10
bq2004
Impedance
SymbolParameterMinimumTypicalMaximumUnit
R
BAT
R
TS
R
TCO
R
SNS
Battery input impedance50--M
TS input impedance50--M
TCO input impedance50--M
SNS input impedance50--M
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Timing (T
= 0 to +70°C; V
A
CC
10%)
±
SymbolParameterMinimum Typical MaximumUnitNotes
t
d
f
REG
t
MCV
PW
FCV
Pulse width for DCMD
and INH pulse command
1- -
Time base variation-16-16%VCC= 4.75V to 5.25V
MOD output regulation
frequency
Maximum voltage termination time limit
--300kHz
1- 2s
Pulse start for charge or discharge
s
µ
before charge
Time limit to distinguish battery removed from charge complete.
Note:Typical is at TA= 25°C, VCC= 5.0V.
11
bq2004
16-Pin DIP Narrow (PN)
16-Pin PN(0.300" DIP
InchesMillimeters
Dimension
A0.1600.1804.064.57
A10.0150.0400.381.02
B0.0150.0220.380.56
B10.0550.0651.401.65
C0.0080.0130.200.33
D0.7400.77018.8019.56
E0.3000.3257.628.26
E10.2300.2805.847.11
e0.3000.3707.629.40
G0.0900.1102.292.79
L0.1150.1502.923.81
S0.0200.0400.511.02
Min.Max.Min.Max.
)
12
16-Pin SOIC Narrow (SN)
bq2004
16-Pin SN(0.150" SOIC
InchesMillimeters
D
e
B
E
H
C
A
A1
Dimension
A0.0600.0701.521.78
A10.0040.0100.100.25
B0.0130.0200.330.51
C0.0070.0100.180.25
D0.3850.4009.7810.16
E0.1500.1603.814.06
e0.0450.0551.141.40
H0.2250.2455.726.22
L0.0150.0350.380.89
Min.Max.Min.Max.
)
.004
L
13
bq2004
Data Sheet Revision History
Change No.Page No.DescriptionNature of Change
110Standby current ISB
29V
RatingWas: V
BSNSLO
27Correction in Peak Voltage Detect Termination section Was VCELL; is VBAT
23Added block diagramDiagram insertion
27Added VSEL/termination tableTable insertion
28Added values to Table 3Top-off rate values
37VSEL/TerminationLow, High changed
4AllRevised and expanded format of this data sheetClarification
59Corrected V
69T
OPR
HTF
rating
Was 5 µA max; is 1 µA max
Is: 0.04 * V
Was: (1/3 ∗ V
V
TCO
Is: (1/4 ∗ V
CC
) + (2/3 ∗
LTF
)
) + (3/4 ∗ V
LTF
- (0.01 * VCC)
SNSHI
Deleted industrial temperature range
TCO
)
Notes:Change 1 = Apr. 1994 B “Final” changes from Dec. 1993 A “Preliminary.”
Change 2 = Sept. 1996 C changes from Apr. 1994 B.
Change 3 = April 1997 C changes from Sept. 1996 C.
Change 4 = Oct. 1997 D changes from April 1997 C.
Change 5 = Jan. 1998 E changes from Oct. 1997 D.
Change 6 = June 1999 F changes from Jan. 1998 E.
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