Tool to Simulate, Configure, and Monitor
Power Supply Performance
Phase Non-Isolated DC/DC PWM Controller
•Controls Up to 4 Voltage Rails and Up to 8
Phases
•Supports Switching Frequencies Up to 2MHz
with 250 ps Duty-Cycle Resolution
•Up To 1mV Closed Loop Resolution
•Hardware-Accelerated, 3-Pole/3-Zero
Compensator with Non-Linear Gain for
APPLICATIONS
•Industrial/ATE
•Networking Equipment
•Telecommunications Equipment
•Servers
•Storage Systems
•FPGA, DSP and Memory Power
Improved Transient Performance
•Supports Multiple Soft-Start and Soft-Stop
Configurations Including Prebias Start-up
•Supports Voltage Tracking, Margining and
Sequencing
•Supports Current and Temperature Balancing
for Multi-Phase Power Stages
•Supports Phase Adding/Shedding for
Multi-Phase Power Stages
•Sync In/Out Pins Align DPWM Clocks Between
Multiple UCD92xx Devices
•12-Bit Digital Monitoring of Power Supply
Parameters Including:
– Input/Output Current and Voltage
– Temperature at Each Power Stage
•Multiple Levels of Over-current Fault
Protection:
– External Current Fault Inputs
– Analog Comparators Monitor Current
Sense Voltage
– Current Continually Digitally Monitored
•Over- and Under-voltage Fault Protection
•Over-temperature Fault Protection
•Enhanced Nonvolatile Memory with Error
Correction Code (ECC)
•Device Operates From a Single Supply with an
Internal Regulator Controller That Allows
DESCRIPTION
TheUCD9248isamulti-rail,multi-phase
synchronous buck digital PWM controller designed for
non-isolated DC/DC power applications. This device
integratesdedicatedcircuitryforDC/DCloop
management with flash memory and a serial interface
tosupportconfigurability,monitoringand
management.
The UCD9248 was designed to provide a wide
variety of desirable features for non-isolated DC/DC
converter applications while minimizing the total
system component count by reducing external
circuits.Thesolutionintegratesmulti-loop
management with sequencing, margining, tracking
and intelligent phase management to optimize for
totalsystemefficiency.Additionally,loop
compensation and calibration are supported without
the need to add external components.
To facilitate configuring the device, the Texas
Instruments Fusion Digital Power™ Designer is
provided. This PC based Graphical User Interface
offers an intuitive interface to the device. This tool
allows the design engineer to configure the system
operating parameters for the application, store the
configuration to on-chip non-volatile memory and
observe both frequency domain and time domain
simulations for each of the power stage outputs.
TI has also developed multiple complementary power
stage solutions – from discrete drivers in the UCD7k
family to fully tested power train modules in the PTD
Operation Over a Wide Supply Voltage Rangefamily. These solutions have been developed to
•Supported by Fusion Digital Power™
Designer, a Full Featured PC Based Design
complement the UCD9k family of system power
controllers.
1
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
2Fusion Digital Power, Auto-ID are trademarks of Texas Instruments.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testingof all parameters.
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with
appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more
susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications.
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ORDERING INFORMATION
(1)
OPERATING TEMPERATUREORDERABLE PARTPIN COUNTSUPPLYPACKAGETOP SIDE
RANGE, T
A
–40°C to 125°C
NUMBERMARKING
UCD9248PFCR80-pinReel of 1000QFPUCD9248
UCD9248PFC80-pinTray of 119QFPUCD9248
(1) For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI
web site at www.ti.com.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(1)
VALUEUNIT
Voltage applied at V
Voltage applied at V
Voltage applied to any pin
Storage temperature (T
to DGND–0.3 to 3.8V
33D
to AGND–0.3 to 3.8V
33A
(2)
)–40 to 150°C
STG
–0.3 to 3.8V
(1) Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operatingconditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) All voltages referenced to GND.
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MINNOMMAXUNIT
VSupply voltage during operation, V
T
A
T
J
Operating free-air temperature range
Junction temperature
(1)
(1) When operating, the UCD9248’s typical power consumption causes a 15°C temperature rise from ambient.
33D
(1)
, V
33DIO
, V
33A
33.33.6V
–40125°C
125°C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNIT
SUPPLY CURRENT
I
V33A
I
V33DIO
I
V33D
I
V33D
INTERNAL REGULATOR CONTROLLER INPUTS/OUTPUTS
V
33
V
33FB
I
V33FB
BetaSeries NPN pass device40
EXTERNALLY SUPPLIED 3.3 V POWER
V
33D
V
33A
Supply currentmA
3.3-V linear regulatorEmitter of NPN transistor3.253.33.6
3.3-V linear regulator feedback44.6
Series pass base driveV
Digital 3.3-V powerTA= 25° C3.03.6V
Analog 3.3-V powerTA= 25°C3.03.6V
DutyMax and Min duty cycle0%100%
V33SlewMinimum V33slew rate during power onV33slew rate between 2.3V and 2.9V0.25V/ms
t
retention
Write_CyclesNumber of nonvolatile erase/write cyclesTJ= 25°C20K cycles
(1) See the UCD92xx PMBus Command Reference for the description of the AFE_GAIN field of CLA_GAINS command.
(2) Can be disabled by setting to '0'
(3) The maximum IOL, for all outputs combined, should not exceed 12 mA to hold the maximum voltage drop specified.
(4) The maximum IOH, for all outputs combined, should not exceed 48 mA to hold the maximum voltage drop specified.
(5) With default device calibration. PMBus calibration can be used to improve the regulation tolerance
Common mode voltage each pin–0.151.848V
Internal error voltage rangeAFE_GAIN field of CLA_GAINS = 0
Int. temperature sense accuracyOver range from 0°C to 125°C–55°C
Input leakage current3V applied to pin100nA
Input impedanceGround reference8MΩ
Current Sense Input capacitance10pF
Low-level output voltageIOL= 6 mA
High-level output voltageIOH= -6 mA
High-level input voltageV
Low-level input voltageV
Voltage where device comes out of resetV
(3)
, V
= 3 VV
33DIO
(4)
, V
= 3 VV
33DIO
= 3V2.13.6V
33DIO
= 3.5 V1.4V
33DIO
Pin2.32.4V
33D
V
Pulse width needed for resetnRESET pin2µs
V
commanded to be 1V, at 25°C,
Setpoint reference accuracy–1010mV
ref
AFEgain = 4, 1V input to EAP/N measured at
output of the EADC
(5)
Setpoint reference accuracy over temperature –40°C to 125°C–2020mV
Differential offset between gain settingsAFEgain = 4 compared to AFEgain = 1, 2, or 8–44mV
Digital compensator delay240switchingns
Switching frequency15.2602000kHz
Retention of configuration parametersTJ= 25°C100Years
The ADC operates in a continuous conversion sequence that measures each rail's output voltage, each power
stage's output current, plus four other variables (external temperature, Internal temperature, input voltage and
current, and tracking input voltage). The length of the sequence is determined by the number of output rails
(NumRails) and total output power stages (NumPhases) configured for use. The time to complete the monitoring
sampling sequence is give by the formula:
t
ADC_SEQ
t
ADC
t
ADC_SEQ
The most recent ADC conversion results are periodically converted into the proper measurement units (volts,
amperes, degrees), and each measurement is compared to its corresponding fault and warning limits. The
monitoring operates asynchronously to the ADC, at intervals shown in the table below.
Output voltage monitoring interval200µs
Output current monitoring interval200 × NRailsµs
Input voltage monitoring interval2ms
Input current monitoring interval2ms
Temperature monitoring interval100ms
Output current balancing interval2ms
Because the ADC sequencer and the monitoring comparisons are asynchronous to each other, the response
time to a fault condition depends on where the event occurs within the monitoring interval and within the ADC
sequence interval. Once a fault condition is detected, some additional time is required to determine the correct
action based on the FAULT_RESPONSE code, and then to perform the appropriate response. The following
table lists the worse-case fault response times.
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSMAX TIMEUNIT
Over-/under-voltage fault response time duringNormal regulation, no PMBus activity, 8
normal operationstages enabled
t
, t
OVF
t
, t
OCF
t
OTF
(1) During a STORE_DEFAULT_ALL command, which stores the entire configuration to nonvolatile memory, the fault detection latency can
be up to 10 ms.
Over-/under-voltage fault response time, during
UVF
data logging
Over-/under-voltage fault response time, when
tracking or sequencing enable
Over-/under-current fault response time duringNormal regulation, no PMBus activity, 8
normal operationstages enabled 75% to 125% current step
Over-/under-current fault response time, during During data logging to nonvolatile memory
UCF
data logging75% to 125% current step
Over-/under-current fault response time, whenDuring tracking and soft start ramp 75% to
tracking or sequencing enable125% current step
Over-temperature fault response time2.5S
During data logging to nonvolatile memory
During tracking and soft-start ramp.400µs
Temperature rise of 10°C/sec,
OT threshold = 100°C
The controller contains hardware fault detection circuits that are independent of the ADC monitoring sequencer.
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSMAXUNIT
t
FAULT
t
CLF
Time to disable DPWM output based on corresponding15 + 3 ×
active FLTpinNumPhases
High level on FAULT pinµs
Time to disable the first DPWM output based onStep change in CS voltage from 0V toSwitch
internal analog comparator fault2.5VCycles
Time to disable all remaining DPWM and SRE outputs
configured for the voltage rail after an internal analogµs
comparator fault
Step change in CS voltage from 0V to10 + 3 ×
2.5VNumPhases
PMBUS/SMBUS/I2C
The timing characteristics and timing diagram for the communications interface that supports I2C, SMBus and
PMBus are shown below.
I2C/SMBus/PMBus TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
TA= –40°C to 125°C, 3V < V33 < 3.6V, typical values at TA= 25°C
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNIT
f
SMB
f
I2C
t
(BUF)
t
(HD:STA)
t
(SU:STA)
t
(SU:STO)
t
(HD:DAT)
t
(SU:DAT)
t
(TIMEOUT)
t
(LOW)
t
(HIGH)
t
(LOW:SEXT)
t
FALL
t
RISE
(1) The UCD9248 times out when any clock low exceeds t(TIMEOUT).
(2) t
(HIGH)
in progress.
(3) t
(LOW:SEXT)
(4) Rise time t
(5) Fall time t
SMBus/PMBus operating frequencySlave mode; SMBC 50% duty cycle101000kHz
I2C operating frequencySlave mode; SCL 50% duty cycle101000kHz
Bus free time between start and stop4.7µs
Hold time after (repeated) start0.26µs
Repeated start setup time0.26µs
Stop setup time0.26µs
Data hold timeReceive mode0ns
Data setup time50ns
Error signal/detectSee
(1)
Clock low period0.5µs
Clock high periodSee
Cumulative clock low slave extend timeSee
Clock/data fall timeSee
Clock/data rise timeSee
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
, max, is the minimum bus idle time. SMBC = SMBD = 1 for t > 50 ms causes reset of any transaction involving UCD9248 that is
is the cumulative time a slave device is allowed to extend the clock cycles in one message from initial start to the stop.
The UCD9248 is available in an 80-pin TQFP package (PFC).
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TYPICAL APPLICATION SCHEMATIC
Figure 4 shows the UCD9248 power supply controller as part of a system that provides the regulation of one
eight-phase power supply. The loop for the power supply is created by the voltage output feeding into the
differential voltage error ADC (EADC) input, and completed by DPWM outputs feeding into the gate drivers for
each power stage.
The ±V
configured as part of the rail. (See more detail in Flexible Rail/Power Stage Configuration.)
sense
rail signal must be routed to the EAp/EAn input that matches the number of the lowest DPWM
1ADCrefADC Decoupling capacitor – tie 0.1 µF capacitor to ground
2CS-4APower stage 4A current sense input and input to analog comparator 4
3CS-3APower stage 3A current sense input and input to analog comparator 3
4CS-2APower stage 2A current sense input and input to analog comparator 2
5Vin/I
6VtrackVoltage track input
7TemperatureTemperature sense input
8V33DIODigital I/O 3.3 V supply
9DGND1Digital Ground
10SEQ-3Sequencing Input/Output
11SRE-1BSynchronous rectifier enable output 1B, active high
12SRE-1ASynchronous rectifier enable output 1A, active high
13nRESETActive low device reset input, pullup to 3.3V with 10 kΩ resistor
14TRCKJTAG Test return clock
15FLT-1AExternal fault input 1A, active high
16FLT-1BExternal fault input 1B, active high
17FLT-2AExternal fault input 2A, active high
18FLT-2BExternal fault input 2B, active high
19PMBus_ClockPMBus Clock, pullup to 3.3 V with 2 kΩ resistor
20PMBus_DataPMBus Data, pullup to 3.3 V with 2 kΩ resistor
21DPWM-1ADigital Pulse Width Modulator output 1A
22DPWM-1BDigital Pulse Width Modulator output 1B
23DPWM-2ADigital Pulse Width Modulator output 2A
24DPWM-2BDigital Pulse Width Modulator output 2B
25DPWM-3ADigital Pulse Width Modulator output 3A
26DPWM-3BDigital Pulse Width Modulator output 3B
27DPWM-4ADigital Pulse Width Modulator output 4A
28DPWM-4BDigital Pulse Width Modulator output 4B
29FLT-3AExternal fault input 3A, active high
30Sync-InSynchronization input to DPWM
31Sync-OutSynchronization output from DPWM
32SEQ-1Sequencing Input/Output
33SRE-4ASynchronous rectifier enable output 4A, active high
34DGND2Digital Ground
35PMBus_AlertPMBus Alert, pullup to 3.3V with 2 kΩ resistor
36PMBus_CntlPMBus Control, pullup to 3.3V with 2 kΩ resistor
37SRE-2BSynchronous rectifier enable output 2B, active high
38SRE-3ASynchronous rectifier enable output 3A, active high
39TMUX-0Temperature multiplexer select output SO, Vin/Iin select
40TMUX-1Temperature multiplexer select output S1
41FLT-3BExternal fault input 3B, active high
42FLT-4AExternal fault input 4A, active high
43FLT-4BExternal fault input 4B, active high
44TCKJTAG Test clock
45TDOJTAG Test data out
46TDIJTAG Test data in tie to V33D with 10 kΩ resistor
47TMSJTAG Test mode select – tie to V33D with 10 kΩ resistor
48nTRSTJTAG Test reset – tie to ground with 10kOhm resistor
49PGoodPower Good indication, Active high open-drain output. Pull-up to 3.3V with 10 kΩ resistor.
50SRE-4BSynchronous rectifier enable output 4B, active high
51SRE-2ASynchronous rectifier enable output 2A, active high
52SRE-3BSynchronous rectifier enable output 3B, active high
53SEQ-2Sequencing Input/Output
54TMUX-2Temperature multiplexer select output S2
55DGND3Digital Ground
56V33DIODigital I/O 3.3V supply
57V33DDigital core 3.3V supply
58V33AAnalog 3.3V supply
59BPCap1.8V bypass capacitor connection
60AGND1Analog Ground
61AGND2Analog Ground
62EAP1Error analog, differential voltage. Positive channel #1 input
63EAN1Error analog, differential voltage. Negative channel #1 input
64EAP2Error analog, differential voltage. Positive channel #2 input
65EAN2Error analog, differential voltage. Negative channel #2 input
66EAP3Error analog, differential voltage. Positive channel #3 input
67EAN3Error analog, differential voltage. Negative channel #3 input
68EAP4Error analog, differential voltage. Positive channel #4 input
69EAN4Error analog, differential voltage. Negative channel #4 input
70V33FBConnection to the base of the 3.3V linear regulator transistor. (no connect if not using an external
transistor)
71Aux-In (AD13)Unused Analog Input – Tie to ground with a 10KOhm resistor
72Aux-In (AD14)Unused Analog Input – Tie to ground with a 10KOhm resistor
73CS-4BPower stage 4B current sense input
74CS-3BPower stage 3B current sense input
75CS-1APower stage 1A current sense input and input to analog comparator 1
76ADDR-1Address sense input. Channel 1
77ADDR-0Address sense input. Channel 0
78CS-2BPower stage 2B current sense input
79CS-1BPower stage 1B current sense input
80AGND3Analog Ground
PowerPad PowerPadIt is recommended that this pad be connected to analog ground