TEXAS INSTRUMENTS TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 Technical data

查询C2012X5R1A225M供应商

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

features

D Inverts Input Supply Voltage
D Up to 60-mA Output Current
D Only Three Small 1-µF Ceramic Capacitors

Needed

D Input Voltage Range From 1.6 V to 5.5 V
D PowerSave-Mode for Improved Efficiency

applications

D LCD Bias
D GaAs Bias for RF Power Amps
D Sensor Supply in Portable Instruments
D Bipolar Amplifier Supply
D Medical Instruments
D Battery-Operated Equipment

at Low Output Currents (TPS60400)

D Device Quiescent Current Typical 100 µA

DBV PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

D Integrated Active Schottky-Diode for

Start-Up Into Load

D Small 5-Pin SOT23 Package

OUT

1

2

IN

C

5

FLY+

D Evaluation Module Available

TPS60400EVM–178

C

FLY–

description

The TPS6040x is a family of devices that generate an unregulated negative output voltage from an input voltage
ranging from 1.6 V to 5.5 V . The devices are typically supplied by a preregulated supply rail of 5 V or 3.3 V . Due
to its wide input voltage range, two or three NiCd, NiMH, or alkaline battery cells, as well as one Li-Ion cell can
also power them.

Only three external 1-µF capacitors are required to build a complete dc/dc charge pump inverter. Assembled
in a 5-pin SOT23 package, the complete converter can be built on a 50 mm
and component count reduction is achieved by replacing the Schottky diode that is typically needed for start-up
into load by integrated circuitry.

3

4

GND

2

board area. Additional board area

The TPS6040x can deliver a maximum output current of 60 mA with a typical conversion efficiency of greater
than 90% over a wide output current range. Three device options with 20-kHz, 50-kHz, and 250-kHz fixed
frequency operation are available. One device comes with a variable switching frequency to reduce operating
current in applications with a wide load range and enables the design with low-value capacitors.

typical application circuit

TPS60400

1.6 V to 5.5 V

Input

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

C

1 µF

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

C

35

C

FLY–

2

I

(fly)

TPS60400

GND

4

1 µF

C

FLY+

0

–1

C

O

1 µF

Output
–1.6 V to –5 V,
Max 60 mA

–2

–3

– Output Voltage – V

O

V

–4

TA = 25°C

–5

012345

1

OUTIN

vs

INPUT VOLTAGE

IO = 60 mA

IO = 30 mA

IO = 1 mA

VI – Input Voltage – V

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

Copyright  2001, Texas Instruments Incorporated

1

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403
UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

AVAILABLE OPTIONS

MARKING DBV

PART NUMBER

TPS60400DBV PFKI 1
TPS60401DBV PFLI 10 Fixed frequency 20 kHz

TPS60402DBV PFMI 3.3 Fixed frequency 50 kHz
TPS60403DBV PFNI 1 Fixed frequency 250 kHz

†

The DBV package is available taped and reeled. Add R suffix to device type (e.g. TPS60400DBVR) to order quantities of
3000 devices per reel. Add T suffix to device type (e.g. TPS60400DBVT) to order quantities of 250 devices per reel.

†

PACKAGE

TPS60400 functional block diagram

V

I

TYPICAL FL YING CAPACITOR

[µF]

FEATURE

Variable switching frequency

50 kHz–250 kHz

MEAS

MEAS

V

I

VI / V

MEAS

VI – VCFLY+ < 0.5 V

V

I

VI < 1 V

VO > V

be

V

O

OSC

V

O

V

O

VCO_CONT

O

VO < –VI – V

CHG

OSC

50 kHz

VO > –1 V

be

R

Start

FF

S

Phase

Generator

DC_ Startup

Q

Q

Q

DC_ Startup

V

Q1

Q2

I

+
C

(fly)

Q4

B

Q3

Q5

V

O

GND

Terminal Functions

TERMINAL

NAME NO.

C

FLY+

C

FLY–

GND 4 Ground
IN 2 I Supply input. Connect to an input supply in the 1.6-V to 5.5-V range. Bypass IN to GND with a capacitor that has the

OUT 1 O Power output with VO = –V

I/O

5 Positive terminal of the flying capacitor C
3 Negative terminal of the flying capacitor C

same value as the flying capacitor.

Bypass OUT to GND with the output filter capacitor CO.

I

DESCRIPTION

(fly)

(fly)

2

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

detailed description

operating principle

The TPS60400, TPS60401 charge pumps invert the voltage applied to their input. For the highest performance,
use low equivalent series resistance (ESR) capacitors (e.g., ceramic). During the first half-cycle, switches S2
and S4 open, switches S1 and S3 close, and capacitor (C
half-cycle, S1 and S3 open, S2 and S4 close. This connects the positive terminal of C
negative to V
positive than –V

By connecting C

O.

, since switches S1–S4 have resistance and the load drains charge from CO.

I

in parallel, CO is charged negative. The actual voltage at the output is more

(fly)

V

I

S1

C

(fly)

1 µF

S2

S3

) charges to the voltage at VI. During the second

(fly)

S4

C

O

1 µF

VO (–VI)

to GND and the

(fly)

GND

GND

Figure 1. Operating Principle

charge-pump output resistance

The TPS6040x devices are not voltage regulators. The charge pumps output source resistance is
approximately 15 Ω at room temperature (with V

= 5 V), and VO approaches –5 V when lightly loaded. VO will

I

droop toward GND as load current increases.

= –(VI – RO × IO)

V

O

R

[

O

= output resistance of the converter

R

O

1

ƒosc C

(fly)

) 4ǒ2R

SWITCH

) ESR

CFLY

Ǔ

) ESR

CO

efficiency considerations

The power efficiency of a switched-capacitor voltage converter is affected by three factors: the internal losses
in the converter IC, the resistive losses of the capacitors, and the conversion losses during charge transfer
between the capacitors. The internal losses are associated with the IC’s internal functions, such as driving the
switches, oscillator, etc. These losses are af fected by operating conditions such as input voltage, temperature,
and frequency . The next two losses are associated with the voltage converter circuit’s output resistance. Switch
losses occur because of the on-resistance of the MOSFET switches in the IC. Charge-pump capacitor losses
occur because of their ESR. The relationship between these losses and the output resistance is as follows:

P

CAPACITOR LOSSES

+ P

CONVERSION LOSSES

= I

2

× R

O

O

(1)

R

SWITCH

f

= resistance of a single MOSFET-switch inside the converter

= oscillator frequency

OSC

The first term is the effective resistance from an ideal switched-capacitor circuit. Conversion losses occur during
the charge transfer between C

1

ƪ

+

P

CONV.LOSS

2

C

and C

(fly)

ǒ

V

(fly)

I

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

when there is a voltage difference between them. The power loss is:

O

2

* V

O

1

2

Ǔ

)

ǒ

C

V

O

2

RIPPLE

2

* 2VOV

RIPPLE

Ǔ

ƫ

ƒ

osc

(2)

3

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403
UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

efficiency considerations (continued)

The efficiency of the TPS6040x devices is dominated by their quiescent supply current at low output current and
by their output impedance at higher current.

h ^

I

O

IO) I

Q

ǒ

1*

I

R

O

O

Ǔ

V

I

Where, IQ = quiescent current.

capacitor selection

T o maintain the lowest output resistance, use capacitors with low ESR (see Table 1). The charge-pump output
resistance is a function of C

’s and CO’s ESR. Therefore, minimizing the charge-pump capacitor’s ESR

(fly)

minimizes the total output resistance. The capacitor values are closely linked to the required output current and
the output noise and ripple requirements. It is possible to only use 1-µF capacitors of the same type.

input capacitor (CI)

Bypass the incoming supply to reduce its ac impedance and the impact of the TPS6040x switching noise. The
recommended bypassing depends on the circuit configuration and where the load is connected. When the
inverter is loaded from OUT to GND, current from the supply switches between 2 x I
a large bypass capacitor (e.g., equal to the value of C
is loaded from IN to OUT , the circuit draws 2 × I

constantly, except for short switching spikes. A 0.1-µF bypass

O

) if the supply has high ac impedance. When the inverter

(fly)

and zero. Therefore, use

O

capacitor is sufficient.

flying capacitor (C

(fly)

)

Increasing the flying capacitor’s size reduces the output resistance. Small values increases the output
resistance. Above a certain point, increasing C

’s capacitance has a negligible effect, because the output

(fly)

resistance becomes dominated by the internal switch resistance and capacitor ESR.

output capacitor (C

)

O

Increasing the output capacitor’s size reduces the output ripple voltage. Decreasing its ESR reduces both output
resistance and ripple. Smaller capacitance values can be used with light loads if higher output ripple can be
tolerated. Use the following equation to calculate the peak-to-peak ripple.

V

O(ripple)

I

f

osc

O

) 2 IO ESR

C

o

CO

+

Table 1. Recommended Capacitor Values

V

DEVICE

TPS60400 1.8…5.5 60 1 1 1
TPS60401 1.8…5.5 60 10 10 10
TPS60402 1.8…5.5 60 3.3 3.3 3.3
TPS60403 1.8…5.5 60 1 1 1

I

[V]

I

O

[mA]

C

[µF]

I

C

[µF]

(fly)

C

[µF]

O

4

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

detailed description (continued)

Table 2. Recommended Capacitors

MANUFACTURER PART NUMBER SIZE CAPACITANCE TYPE

Taiyo Yuden EMK212BJ474MG

LMK212BJ105KG
LMK212BJ225MG

EMK316BJ225KL
LMK316BJ475KL
JMK316BJ106KL

TDK C2012X5R1C105M

C2012X5R1A225M
C2012X5R1A335M

Table 3 contains a list of manufacturers of the recommended capacitors. Ceramic capacitors will provide the
lowest output voltage ripple because they typically have the lowest ESR-rating.

Table 3. Recommended Capacitor Manufacturers

MANUFACTURER CAPACITOR TYPE INTERNET

Taiyo Yuden X7R/X5R ceramic www.t-yuden.com

TDK X7R/X5R ceramic www.component.tdk.com

Vishay X7R/X5R ceramic www.vishay.com

Kemet X7R/X5R ceramic www.kemet.com

0805
0805
0805
1206
1206
1206

0805
0805
0805

0.47 µF
1 µF

2.2 µF

2.2 µF

4.7 µF
10 µF

1 µF

2.2 µF

3.3 µF

Ceramic
Ceramic
Ceramic
Ceramic
Ceramic
Ceramic

Ceramic
Ceramic
Ceramic

absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)

†

Voltage range: IN to GND –0.3 V to 5.5 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OUT to GND –5.0 V to 0.3 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C

to GND 0.3 V to (VO – 0.3 V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FLY–

C

to GND –0.3 V to (VI + 0.3 V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FLY+

Continuous power dissipation See Dissipation Rating Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Continuous output current 80 mA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Storage temperature range, T
Maximum junction temperature, T

†

Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

PACKAGE

DBV 437 mW 3.5 mW/°C 280 mW 227 mW

POWER RATING

stg

TA < 25°C

J

DISSIPATION RATING TABLE

DERATING FACTOR

ABOVE TA = 25°C

TA = 70°C

POWER RATING

POWER RATING

–55°C to 150°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

150°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TA = 85°C

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

5

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

Quiescent current (no-load in ut

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

recommended operating conditions

Input voltage range, V
Output current range at OUT, I
Input capacitor, C
Flying capacitor, C
Output capacitor, C
Operating junction temperature, T

I

O

I

(fly)

O

J

MIN NOM MAX UNIT

1.8 5.25 V
60 mA

0 C

(fly)

1 µF
1 100 µF

–40 125 °C

µF

electrical characteristics at CI = C

= CO (according to T able 1), TC = –40°C to 85°C, VI = 5 V over

(fly)

recommended operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT

V

Supply voltage range

I

I

Maximum output current at V

O

V

Output voltage –V

O

V

Output voltage ripple

P–P

Quiescent current (no-load input

I

Q

current)

f

Internal switching frequency

OSC

p

Impedance at 25°C, VI = 5 V

O

TPS60400 C
TPS60401
TPS60402
TPS60403 C
TPS60400 125 270
TPS60401
TPS60402
TPS60403
TPS60400
TPS60401
TPS60402
TPS60403 640
TPS60400 VCO version 30 50–250 350
TPS60401 13 20 28

TPS60402
TPS60403 150 250 300
TPS60400 CI = C
TPS60401 CI = C
TPS60402 CI = C
TPS60403 CI = C

At TC = –40°C to 85°C, RL = 5 kΩ 1.8 5.25
At TC ≥ 0°C, R

(fly)

C

IO = 5 mA

At VI = 5 V

At T ≤ 60°C, VI = 5 V

(fly)
(fly)
(fly)
(fly)

(fly)

C

(fly)
(fly)

= CO = 1 µF 12 15
= CO = 10 µF 12 15
= CO = 3.3 µF 12 15
= CO = 1 µF 12 15

= 5 kΩ 1.6

L

60 mA

= 1 µF, CO = 2.2 µF 35
= CO = 10 µF 20
= CO = 3.3 µF 20
= CO = 1 µF 15

30 50 70

I

65 190
120 270
425 700

210
135
210

mV

V

V

P–P

µA

µA

kHz

Ω

6

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Table of Graphs

η Efficiency vs Output current at 3.3 V, 5 V

I

I

V

f

f

Input current vs Output current

I

Supply current vs Input voltage

S

Output resistance vs Input voltage at –40°C, 0°C, 25°C, 85°C

Output voltage vs Output current at 25°C, VIN=1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V, 5 V

O

Oscillator frequency vs Temperature at VI = 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V, 5 V

OSC

Oscillator frequency vs Output current TPS60400 at 2 V, 3.3 V, 5.0 V 20

OSC

Output ripple and noise VI = 5 V, IO = 30 mA, CI = C

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

TPS60400, CI = C
TPS60401, CI = C
TPS60402 , CI = C
TPS60403, CI = C

TPS60400, CI = C
TPS60401, CI = C
TPS60402 , CI = C
TPS60403, CI = C

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

VI = 5 V, IO = 30 mA, CI = C
VI = 5 V, IO = 30 mA, CI = C
VI = 5 V, IO = 30 mA, CI = C

= CO = 1 µF

(fly)

= CO = 10 µF

(fly)

= CO = 3.3 µF

(fly)

= CO = 1 µF

(fly)

= CO = 1 µF

(fly)

= CO = 10 µF

(fly)

= CO = 3.3 µF

(fly)

= CO = 1 µF

(fly)

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

FIGURE

2, 3

4, 5

6, 7

8, 9, 10,

11

12, 13,

14, 15

16, 17,

18, 19

= CO = 1 µF (TPS60400)

(fly)

= CO = 10 µF (TPS60401)

(fly)

= CO = 3.3 µF (TPS60402)

(fly)

= CO = 1 µF (TPS60403)

(fly)

21, 22

TPS60400, TPS60401

EFFICIENCY

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

100

TPS60400

95

90

85

80

Efficiency – %

75

70

65

60

0102030405060708090100

TPS60401
VI = 3.3 V

IO – Output Current – mA

VI = 5 V

TPS60401
VI = 5 V

TPS60400
VI = 3.3 V

TA = 25°C

Figure 2

TPS60402, TPS60403

EFFICIENCY

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

100

95

90

85

80

Efficiency – %

75

70

65

60

010 2030405060708090100

IO – Output Current – mA

TPS60403
VI = 5 V

TPS60402
VI = 5 V

TPS60403
VI = 3.3 V

TPS60402
VI = 3.3 V

TA = 25°C

Figure 3

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

7

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

TPS60400, TPS60401

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

INPUT CURRENT

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

100

TA = 25°C

TPS60400
VI = 5 V

10

100

TA = 25°C

10

TPS60402, TPS60403

INPUT CURRENT

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

TPS60403
VI = 5 V

TPS60401
VI = 5 V

1

– Input Current – mA

I

I

TPS60400
VI = 2 V

0.1

0.1 1 10 100
IO – Output Current – mA

TPS60401
VI = 2 V

Figure 4

TPS60400, TPS60401

SUPPLY CURRENT

vs

INPUT VOLTAGE

0.6
IO = 0 mA

TA = 25°C

0.4

TPS60403
VI = 2 V

1

– Input Current – mA

I

I

0.1

0.1 1 10 100

TPS60402
VI = 5 V

TPS60402
VI = 2 V

IO – Output Current – mA

Figure 5

TPS60402, TPS60403

SUPPLY CURRENT

vs

INPUT VOLTAGE

0.6
IO = 0 mA

TA = 25°C

0.4

TPS60403

0.2

– Supply Current – mA

DD

I

0

012345

VI – Input Voltage – V

TPS60400

TPS60401

Figure 6

8

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

– Supply Current – mA

0.2

DD

I

TPS60402

0

012345

VI – Input Voltage – V

Figure 7

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TPS60400

OUTPUT RESISTANCE

vs

INPUT VOLTAGE

40

IO = 30 mA

35

Ω

30

25

20

15

– Output Resistance –

o

r

10

5

0

123456

TA = 85°C

VI – Input Voltage – V

CI = C

TA = 25°C

TA = –40°C

= CO = 1 µF

(fly)

Figure 8

TPS60401

OUTPUT RESISTANCE

vs

INPUT VOLTAGE

40

IO = 30 mA
CI = C

35

30

Ω

25

20

15

10

– Output Resistance –

o

r

5

0

123456

= CO = 10 µF

(fly)

TA = 25°C

TA = –40°C

VI – Input Voltage – V

TA = 85°C

Figure 9

TPS60402

OUTPUT RESISTANCE

vs

INPUT VOLTAGE

40

IO = 30 mA

35

Ω

30

25

20

15

– Output Resistance –

o

r

10

5

0

123456

TA = 25°C

TA = –40°C

CI = C

TA = 85°C

VI – Input Voltage – V

= CO = 3.3 µF

(fly)

40

35

Ω

30

25

20

15

– Output Resistance –

o

10

r

5

TA = –40°C

0

123456

Figure 10

TPS60403

OUTPUT RESISTANCE

vs

INPUT VOLTAGE

IO = 30 mA
CI = C

TA = 25°C

TA = 85°C

VI – Input Voltage – V

= CO = 1 µF

(fly)

Figure 11

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

9

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403
UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TPS60400

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

0

TA = 25°C

–1

–2

–3

–4

– Output Voltage – V

O

V

–5

–6

0 102030405060

VI = 1.8 V

VI = 2.5 V

VI = 3.3 V

VI = 5 V

IO – Output Current – mA

Figure 12

TPS60401

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

0

TA = 25°C

–1

–2

–3

–4

– Output Voltage – V

O

V

–5

–6

0 102030405060

VI = 1.8 V

VI = 2.5 V

VI = 3.3 V

VI = 5 V

IO – Output Current – mA

Figure 13

TPS60402

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

0

TA = 25°C

–1

–2

–3

–4

– Output Voltage – V

O

V

–5

–6

0 102030405060

VI = 1.8 V

VI = 2.5 V

VI = 3.3 V

VI = 5 V

IO – Output Current – mA

Figure 14

TPS60403

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

0

TA = 25°C

–1

–2

–3

–4

– Output Voltage – V

O

V

–5

–6

0 102030405060

VI = 1.8 V

VI = 2.5 V

VI = 3.3 V

VI = 5 V

IO – Output Current – mA

Figure 15

10

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TPS60400

OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY

vs

FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE

250

IO = 10 mA

200

150

100

– Oscillator Frequency – kHz

osc

50

f

0

–40–30 –20–100 102030405060708090

TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C

VI = 1.8 V

VI = 2.5 V

VI = 3.3 V

VI = 5 V

Figure 16

TPS60401

OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY

vs

FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE

24

IO = 10 mA

23.8

23.6

23.4

23.2

23

22.8

22.6

– Oscillator Frequency – kHz

osc

22.4

f

22.2
22

–40–30 –20–100 102030405060708090

VI = 3.3 V

VI = 5 V

VI = 2.5 V

VI = 1.8 V

TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C

Figure 17

TPS60402

OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY

vs

FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE

57

IO = 10 mA

56

55

54

53

52

– Oscillator Frequency – kHz

51

osc

f

50

49

–40–30 –20–100 102030405060708090

TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C

VI = 5 V

VI = 3.3 V

VI = 2.5 V

VI = 1.8 V

Figure 18

TPS60403

OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY

vs

FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE

250

240

230

220

210

200

190

180

– Oscillator Frequency – kHz

osc

170

f

160
150

–40–30 –20–100 102030405060708090

VI = 5 V

VI = 3.3 V

VI = 2.5 V

VI = 1.8 V

IO = 10 mA

TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C

Figure 19

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11

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403
UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TPS60400

OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY

vs

OUTPUT CURRENT

300

TA = 25°C

250

VI = 1.8 V

200

150

100

– Oscillator Frequency – kHz

osc

f

50

0

0102030405060708090100

IO – Output Current – mA

VI = 3.3 V

VI = 5 V

Figure 20

– Output Voltage – mV

O

V

VI = 5 V
IO = 30 mA

50 mV/DIV

50 mV/DIV

TPS60401, TPS60402

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

TIME

TPS60401

TPS60402

20 µs/DIV

t – Time – µs

Figure 21

– Output Voltage – mV

O

V

VI = 5 V
IO = 30 mA

100 mV/DIV

50 mV/DIV

TPS60400, TPS60403

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

TIME

TPS60400

TPS60403

4 µs/DIV

t – Time – µs

Figure 22

12

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TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

APPLICATION INFORMATION

voltage inverter

The most common application for these devices is a charge-pump voltage inverter (see Figure 23). This
application requires only two external components; capacitors C
necessary. Refer to the capacitor selection section for suggested capacitor types.

and CO, plus a bypass capacitor, if

(fly)

Input 5 V

C

1 µF

C

35
C1– C1+

2

I

1 µF

(fly)

TPS60400

GND

4

1

OUTIN

C

O

1 µF

–5 V ,
Max 60 mA

Figure 23. Typical Operating Circuit

For the maximum output current and best performance, three ceramic capacitors of 1 µF (TPS60400,
TPS60403) are recommended. For lower currents or higher allowed output voltage ripple, other capacitors can
also be used. It is recommended that the output capacitors has a minimum value of 1 µF . With flying capacitors
lower than 1 µF, the maximum output power will decrease.

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13

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403
UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

APPLICATION INFORMATION

RC-post filter

V

I

C

(fly)

1 µF

GND

C

I

1 µF

1

OUT C1+

TPS60400

2

IN

3

C1– GND

5

R

C

O

1 µF

P

C

P

VO (–VI)

GND

4

Figure 24. TPS60400 and TPS60401 With RC-Post Filter

An output filter can easily be formed with a resistor (R

1

and ratio V

Ť

V

with R

= 50 Ω, CP = 0.1 µF and f = 250 kHz:

P

O/VOUT

V

O

OUT

+

ƒ

c

2pRPC

is:

Ť

+

Ǹ

1 )

(1)

P

1

ǒ

2pƒRPC

(2)

2

Ǔ

P

V

Ť

V

OUT

) and a capacitor (CP). Cutoff frequency is given by:

P

O

Ť

+ 0.125

The formula refers only to the relation between output and input of the ac ripple voltages of the filter.

LC-post filter

V

I

GND

Figure 25 shows a configuration with a LC-post filter to further reduce output ripple and noise.

14

C

I

1 µF

C

(fly)

1

OUT C1+

2

IN

3

C1– GND

1 µF

TPS60400

5

4

V

Figure 25. LC-Post Filter

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

OUT

C
1 µF

L

P

O

C

P

VO (–VI)

GND

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

()

V

POUT

V

POUT

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

APPLICATION INFORMATION

Table 4. Measurement Results on the TPS60400 (Typical)

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

C

VI
[V]

5 60 1 1 1 320 240 65
5 60 1 1 2.2 120 240 32
5 60 1 1 1 0.1 (X7R) 260 200 58
5 60 1 1 1 0.1 0.1 (X7R) 220 200 60
5 60 1 1 2.2 0.1 0.1 (X7R) 120 100 30
5 60 1 1 10 0.1 0.1 (X7R) 50 28 8

I

O(2)

[mA]

I

[µF]

CERAMIC CERAMIC CERAMIC

C

(fly)

[µF]

C

[µF]

O

L

P

[µH]

C

P

[µF]

CERAMIC

BW = 500 MHzVBW = 20 MHz

V

[mV]

P–P

V

V
P–P

[mV]

rail splitter

V

1 µF

GND

I

C

I

C

(fly)

1

OUT C1+

TPS60400

2

IN

3

C1– GND

1 µF

C3

5

4

1 µF

C

O

1 µF

VO (–VI)

GND

V

POUT

VACeff [mV]

Figure 26. TPS60400 as a High-Efficiency Rail Splitter

A switched-capacitor voltage inverter can be configured as a high efficiency rail-splitter . This circuit provides a
bipolar power supply that is useful in battery powered systems to supply dual-rail ICs, like operational amplifiers.
Moreover, the SOT23-5 package and associated components require very little board space.

After power is applied, the flying capacitor (C
This equalizes the voltage on those capacitors and draws current from V
output at 1/2 V

.

I

) connects alternately across the output capacitors C3 and CO.

(fly)

to VO as required to maintain the

I

The maximum input voltage between VI and GND in the schematic (or between IN and OUT at the device itself)
must not exceed 6.5 V.

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15

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403
UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

APPLICATION INFORMATION

combined doubler/inverter

In the circuit of Figure 27, capacitors CI, C
and C

are the flying capacitors; CO and C2 are the output capacitors. Because both the inverter and doubler

(fly)

, and CO form the inverter, while C1 and C2 form the doubler . C1

(fly)

use part of the charge-pump circuit, loading either output causes both outputs to decline toward GND. Make
sure the sum of the currents drawn from the two outputs does not exceed 60 mA. The maximum output current at
V

must not exceed 30 mA. If the negative output is loaded, this current must be further reduced.

(pos)

II ≈ –IO + 2 × I

V

I

C

(fly)

1

OUT C1+

TPS60400

2

IN

3

+

C
1 µF

C1– GND

I

O(POS)

1 µF

+

5

4

C

C
1 µF

+

D

1

O

2

V

+

+

(pos)

–V

I

C

2

GNDGND

Figure 27. TPS60400 as Doubler/Inverter

cascading devices

Two devices can be cascaded to produce an even larger negative voltage (see Figure 28). The unloaded output
voltage is normally –2 × V

, but this is reduced slightly by the output resistance of the first device multiplied by the

I

quiescent current of the second. When cascading more than two devices, the output resistance rises
dramatically.

GND

V

I

C

1

OUT C1+

2

IN

3

C

I

1 µF

C1– GND

+

1 µF

(fly)

TPS60400

C

5

4

C

O

+

1 µF

GND

1

OUT C1+

2

IN

3

C1– GND

1 µF

(fly)

TPS60400

5

4

+

C

O

1 µF

VO (–2 VI)

GND

Figure 28. Doubling Inverter

16

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TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

APPLICATION INFORMATION

paralleling devices

Paralleling multiple TPS6040xs reduces the output resistance. Each device requires its own flying capacitor
(C

), but the output capacitor (CO) serves all devices (see Figure 29). Increase CO’s value by a factor of n,

(fly)

where n is the number of parallel devices. Equation 1 shows the equation for calculating output resistance.

V

I

GND

C

I

1 µF

1

2

3

C

(fly)

OUT C1+

IN

C1– GND

1 µF

TPS60400

C

(fly)

5

4

1

OUT C1+

2

IN

3

C1– GND

1 µF

TPS60400

5

VO (–VI)

4

C

O

2.2 µF

+

GND

Figure 29. Paralleling Devices

active-Schottky diode

For a short period of time, when the input voltage is applied, but the inverter is not yet working, the output
capacitor is charged positive by the load. T o prevent the output being pulled above GND, a Schottky diode must
be added in parallel to the output. The function of this diode is integrated into the TPS6040x devices, which gives
a defined startup performance and saves board space.

A current sink and a diode in series can approximate the behavior of a typical, modern operational amplifier.
Figure 30 shows the current into this typical load at a given voltage. The TPS6040x devices are optimized to
start into these loads.

V

GND

I

C

1 µF

I

C

(fly)

53

TPS60400

2

IN

GND

4

1 µF

C1–C1+

OUT

Typical

Load

VO (–VI)

1

I

O

C

O

1 µF

+V

–V

Load Current

60 mA

25 mA

0.4 V 1.25 V 5 V

0.4 V

Voltage at the Load

Figure 30. T ypical Load Figure 31. Maximum Start-Up Current

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17

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403
UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

APPLICATION INFORMATION

shutting down the TPS6040x

If shutdown is necessary , use the circuit in Figure 32. The output resistance of the TPS6040x will typically be
15 Ω plus two times the output resistance of the buffer.

Connecting multiple buffers in parallel can reduce the output resistance of the buffer driving the IN pin.

V

I

C

(fly)

1 µF

VO (–VI)

SDN

GND

C

I

1 µF

1

OUT C1+

TPS60400

2

IN

3

C1– GND

5

C

O

1 µF

4

GND

Figure 32. Shutdown Control

GaAs supply

A solution for a –2.7-V/3-mA GaAs bias supply is proposed in Figure 33. The input voltage of 3.3 V is first inverted
with a TPS60403 and stabilized using a TL V431 low-voltage shunt regulator. Resistor R
used for filtering the output voltage.

R

C

O

1 µF

TLV431

P

R2

C

P

R1

VI (3.3 V)

GND

C

I

0.1 µF

C

(fly)

1

OUT C1+

TPS60400

2

IN

3

C1– GND

0.1 µF

5

4

with capacitor CP is

P

VO (–2.7 V/3 mA)

GND

R1

ǒ

+*

V

O

1 )

R2

A 0.1-µF capacitor was selected for C

18

Ǔ

Figure 33. GaAs Supply

V

* R1 I

ref

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

I(ref)

. By this, the output resistance of the inverter is about 52 Ω.

(fly)

GaAs supply (continued)

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

APPLICATION INFORMATION

R

can be calculated using the following equation:

PMAX

R

PMAX

+

ǒ

VCO* V

O

I

O

* R

Ǔ

O

With: VCO = –3.3 V; VO = –2.7 V; IO = –3 mA
R

A 100-Ω resistor was selected for R

= 200 Ω – 52 Ω = 148 Ω

PMAX

.

P

The reference voltage across R2 is 1.24 V typical. With 5-µA current for the voltage divider, R2 gets:

With C

1.24 V

R2 +

2.7 * 1.24 V

R1 +

= 1 µF the ratio VO/VI of the RC post filter is:

P

V

O

Ť

Ť

+

V

I

[ 250 kW

5 mA

5 mA

[ 300 kW

1

Ǹ

1 )(2p125000Hz 100W 1 mF

2

)

[ 0.01

step-down charge pump

By exchanging GND with OUT (connecting the GND pin with OUT and the OUT pin with GND), a step-down
charge pump can easily be formed. In the first cycle S1 and S3 are closed, and C
charged. Assuming the same capacitance, the voltage across C

and CO is split equally between the

(fly)

capacitors. In the second cycle, S2 and S4 close and both capacitors with V

V

I

S1

C

VO (V

I/2

S2

(fly)

+

1 µF

S3

)

S4

Figure 34. Step-Down Principle

The maximum input voltage between V

GND

C

O

1 µF

VO (V

and GND in the schematic (or between IN and OUT at the device itself)

I

I/2

)

V

I

C

I

1 µF

GND

Figure 35. Step-Down Charge Pump Connection

/2 across are connected in parallel.

I

C

(fly)

1

OUT C1+

TPS60400

2

IN

3

C1– GND

with CO in series are

(fly)

1 µF

5

4

C
1 µF

must not exceed 6.5 V. For input voltages in the range of 6.5 V to 11 V, an additional Zener-diode is
recommended (see Figure 36).

VO (V

O

GND

I/2

)

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19

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403
UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

APPLICATION INFORMATION

5V6

V

I

C

(fly)

1 µF

GND

1 µF

1

OUT

TPS60400

2

IN

3

C1–

C

I

C1+

GND

5

4

Figure 36.

power dissipation

As given in the data sheet, the thermal resistance of the unsoldered package is R
the EVM, a typical thermal resistance of R

θJA(EVM)

The terminal resistance can be calculated using the following equation:

R

qJA

TJ* T

+

A

P

D

Where:

T

is the junction temperature.

J

T

is the ambient temperature.

A

P

is the power that needs to be dissipated by the device.

D

R

qJA

TJ* T

+

A

P

D

= 180°C/W was measured.

C

O

1 µF

VO – V

GND

I

= 347°C/W. Soldered on

θJA

The maximum power dissipation can be calculated using the following equation:

= VI × II – VO × IO = V

P

D

I(max)

× (IO + I

(SUPPLY)

) – VO × I

O

The maximum power dissipation happens with maximum input voltage and maximum output current.
At maximum load the supply current is 0.7 mA maximum.

= 5 V × (60 mA + 0.7 mA) – 4.4 V × 60 mA = 40 mW

P

D

With this maximum rating and the thermal resistance of the device on the EVM, the maximum temperature rise
above ambient temperature can be calculated using the following equation:

= R

∆T

J

This means that the internal dissipation increases T

× PD = 180°C/W × 40 mW = 7.2°C

θJA

by <10°C.

J

The junction temperature of the device shall not exceed 125°C.
This means the IC can easily be used at ambient temperatures up to:

20

= T

T

A

– ∆TJ = 125°C/W – 10°C = 115°C

J(max)

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TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

APPLICATION INFORMATION

layout and board space

All capacitors should be soldered as close as possible to the IC. A PCB layout proposal for a single-layer board
is shown in Figure 37. Care has been taken to connect all capacitors as close as possible to the circuit to achieve
optimized output voltage ripple performance.

CFLY

IN

OUT

GND

Figure 37. Recommended PCB Layout for TPS6040x (top layer)

device family products

Other inverting dc-dc converters from Texas Instruments are listed in Table 5.

Table 5. Product Identification

PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION

TPS6735 Fixed negative 5-V, 200-mA inverting dc-dc converter
TPS6755 Adjustable 1-W inverting dc-dc converter

CIN

COUT

U1

TPS60400

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21

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403
UNREGULATED 60-mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324 – JULY 2001

MECHANICAL DATA

DBV (R-PDSO-G5) PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE

0,95

1,45
0,95

3,00
2,80

45

31

0,05 MIN

0,50
0,30

1,70
1,50

M

0,20

3,00
2,60

Seating Plane

0,10

0,15 NOM

Gage Plane

0°–8°

0,25

0,55
0,35

NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in millimeters.

B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion.
D. Falls within JEDEC MO-178

4073253-4/F 10/00

22

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IMPORTANT NOTICE

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