Sharp EL-512 Instruction Manual
SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR
MODEL
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
(ELECTRONIC CALCULATOR)
LIMITED WARRANTY:
J SHARP ELECTRONICS CORPORATION warrants this product to the original purchaser to be free from defective materials and j
J workmanship. Under this warranty the product will be repaired or replaced, at our option, witho ut charge for parts or labor, w ith |
♦ the exception of batteries, when returned to a SHARP CONSUMER FACTORY SERVICE CENTER listed in the instruction j
♦ booklet supplied with your unit. J
| This warranty does not apply to any appearance items nor to any product whose exterior has been damaged or defaced, nor to any J
♦ product subjected to misuse, abnormal service or handling, nor to any products altered or repaired by other than a SHARP CON- »
» SUMER FACTORY SERVICE CENTER. This warranty does not apply to any product purchased outside the United States, its *
’ territories, or possessions.
j The period of this warranty covers one (1) year on parts and one (1) year on labor from date of purchase. )
} This warranty entitles the original purchaser to have the warranted parts and labor rendered at no cost for the period o f the }
{ warranty described above when the unit is carried or shipped, prepaid, to a SHARP CONSUMER FA CTORY SERVICE CENTER }
♦ together with proof o f purchase. *
j THIS SHALL BE THE EXCLUSIVE WRITTEN WARRANTY OF THE ORIGINAL PURCHASER AND NEITHER THIS •
{ WARRANTY NOR ANY OTHER WARRANTY. EX PRESSED OR IMPLIED. SHALL EXTEND BEYOND THE PERIOD OF THE j
♦ TIM E LISTED ABOVE. IN NO EVENT SHALL SHARP BE LIABLE FOR CONSEQUENTIAL ECONOMIC DAMAGE O R CON- *
I SEQUENTIAL DAMAGE TO PROPERTY. SOME STAT ES DO NOT ALLOW A LIMITATION ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED t
J WARRANTY LASTS OR AN EXCLUSION OF CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGE. SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION AND EXCLU- t
} SION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. IN ADDITION. THIS WARRANTY GIVES SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS. AND YOU MAY t
t HAVE OTHER RIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. t
CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................4
OPERATIONAL N O TE S............................................................................................................. 4
FEATU R E S .....................................................................................................................................6
NORM AL C ALCULA TION S.......................................................................................................8
1. Addition, Sub traction ............................................................................................................10
2. Multiplication, D iv is io n.........................................................................................................11
3. Use of parenthesis.....................................................................................................................13
Priority level..............................................................................................................................14
4. Memory Calculations...............................................................................................................19
SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS......................................................................................................20
1. Second F unctio n.....................................................................................................................20
2. Scientific N otatio n..................................................................................................................22
Decimal Places...........................................................................................................................22
1
3. Trigonometric Functions
............
....••■•
4. Inverse Trigonometric Functions ....■■■■
5. Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions.
6. Power Fun ctions...............................................
7. Roots
.............................................................. •
8. Logarithmic Functions
......................................
9. Exponential Functions
......................................
10. R eciprocals
........................................... . . ■ ■
11. Factorial..............................................................
12. Angle/Time Conversions
...................................
13. Coordinate Conversion
......................................
14. Hexadecimal *~+ decimal notation conversions
15. Applications
.............................................. . . .
MULTIPLES STORAGE MEMORIES.....................
STATISTICAL CALCU LA TION
.............................
1. One-variable statistical calculation .......
2. Single Variable Statistics
...................................
3. Two Variable Statistics and Linear Regression
Page
• 23
■ 24
■ 25
. 25
. 26
. 26
, . 27
. . 27
. . 27
. . 28
. . 29
. . 31
. . 34
. . 36
. . 41
. . 41
. . 43
. . 45
2
Page
MULTIPLE FORMULA RESERVE..........................................................................................48
1. Basic programming.............................................................................................................
2. How to store a formula.........................................................................................................4g
3. How to use a formula............................................................................................................50
4. How to clear a formula.........................................................................................................gi
THE KEYBOARD
...........................................................................................
61
MO DES
.....................................................................................
62
OPERATING CONTROLS
............................................
63
d i s p l a y ....................................................................................................................................... 76
ERRORS.......................................................................................................... 82
SPECIFICATIONS......................................................................................... 91
BATTERY REPLACEMENT.................................................................................. g3
3
INTRODUCTION
Congratulation on your purchase of the SHARP scientific calculator, model EL-512.
This manual will introduce you to the Sharp EL-512 scientific calculator.
Some sections in this manual may be divided into basic and advanced material. The
advanced material is labeled "supplementary." The supplementary sections may be skipped
without hampering your ability to operate the calculator. You may wish to return to the
supplementary sections as your skill in operating the EL-512 increases.
OPERATIONAL NOTES
Since the liquid crystal display is made of glass material, treat the calculator w ith
care. Do not put your "EL-512" in your back pocket as it may be damaged when
you sit down.
4
To insure trouble-free operation of your SHARP calculator, we recommend the following:
1. The calculator should be kept in areas free from extreme temperature changes moisture'
and dust.
During warm weather, vehicles left in direct sun light are subject to high temperature
build up.
Prolonged exposure to high temperature may cause damage to your calculator.
2. A soft, dry cloth should be used to clean the calculator. Do not use solvents or a wet
cloth.
3. If the calculator will not be operated for an extended period of time, remove the bat
teries to avoid possible damage caused by battery leakage.
4. If service of your calculator is required, use only an authorized SHARP service center.
5. Keep this manual fo r further reference.
5
FEATURES
1) Direct Formula Entry
© Direct formula entry for entering formulas as they are written with no need for
translation into machine language.
Example 5 + 2 x sin 30 + 24 x 53 =
Operation jjT| QE] dD [x] [S LSlI @13 S] CL) C3D [x] CB ®
m [= ]
• 15 levels of parentheses and 8 levels of pending operation.
2) M ulti Formula Reserve
» Four kinds of formulas can be stored into the formula reserve memory by the
LEARN mode.
Maximum capacity of the memory is 128 steps.
3) Multiple Storage Memories
9 Nine storage memories for storing constants and results.
» Independently accessible 3-key memory with , |RM) and |M+) keys.
6
4) Hexadecimal <-» Decimal notation conversions
Hexadecimal notation system is mainly used in computer programming.
Computer engineers and programmers have been in urgent need for a simple conversion
of decimal and hexadecimal notations.
Now, EL-512 has solved the problem. Simply enter a number in base 16 or 10, the
EL-512 will then give you the answer instantly.
5) Double-variable statistical function and linear regression
7
NORMAL CALCULATIONS
TURNING THE POWER ON
POWER —|
ON
To turn the power on press the red (Sra) key. To turn the power off press the [off] key.
Sharp calculator has the A.P.O. (Automatic Power OFF). If the calculator is turned on in
error, or no calculation is performed, the calculator w ill turn itself off after about nine
minutes, saving battery power. To turn the EL-512 back on press the !C-CEI key.
To floating decimal system, depress the |2ndF] and I • I keys.
(Details, see "Decimal Places” ) "
CLEARING
8
An incorrectly entered number can be replaced as long as the number has not already been
followed by a "function key."
Por example:
Key in: 5 [X ] 4 (The 4 should be 6)
Key in: [cTe] g [= ]
Answer: 30
To clear the latest entry press the @ key once. If the @ key is pressed twice, the
calculator will be completely cleared except for material in memory. All previous calcu
lations will be cleared if the [cT§ key is pressed after a function key.
In case of one digit correction of the entered number, use the right shift key.
Key in: 123 [T ] 12345687 (The 87 should be 78)
Key in: B 0 78 (=]
Answer: 12345801
BASIC FUNCTIONS AND THE EQUALS KEY
3D [ 3 ( 3 CB G=] Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Equals
9
1. A ddition, Subtraction
Key in: 123 3D 456 EE] 789 [= ) Answer: 1368
Key in: 100 [ 3 25 [ 3 35 (= ] Answer: 40
Pressing the [= ] key gives the answer to the entered formula.
Using a constant:
The calculator is equipped with a built-in constant feature which allows repetitive cal
culations (calculating with the same number without having to re-enter that number and
the function key).
Key in: 10 3D 20 [= )
20 is now a constant for further additions:
Answer: 30
Key in: 60 [=]
Answer: 80
10
Some calculations require slightly longer time depending on the contents.
If nothing appears on the display during calculation do not continue making
entries.
To use the sum of numbers as a constant use ED and EO keys.
Key in:
10 [+ ]
DD 20 [S 5 (XI
[= ]
Answer:
35
Key in:
4 m
Answer:
29
Key in:
100 ED 25 [=D
Answer:
75
Key in:
40 G=)
Answer:
15
Key in:
50 ED
CD 10 ED 2 (I ]
[1]
Answer:
42
Key in:
20 [= ]
Answer:
12
2. Multiplication, Division
Calculate: 50 x (—2)+• 4
Key in: 50 [X ] 2 B 5 ] 4 [=]
Note: To enter a negative number, press the |h£| key after numerals.
Answer: —25
Calculate: 5 + 2 x 3 -2 1 -0 . 5
Key in: 5 5 J 2 [x ] 3 ED 2 H .5 [= )
Answer: 7 t— (Press ED )
Note that m ultiplication and division have priority to addition and subtraction. In other
words multiplication and division will occur before addition and subtraction.
Constant Multiplication: The first number entered is the multiplicand.
Key in: 3 [X ] 5 Q=] Answer: 15
Key in: 10 [= ] Answer: 30
Constant Division: The number entered after the division sign is the divisor.
Key in: 15 GE] 3 [= ] Answer: 5
Key in: 30 [= ] Answer: 10
Note: The machine retains some calculations depending on priority level.
Accordingly, in successive calculation the operator of the last calculation and
the last numerical value are handled as a calculating instruction and a constant
for constant calculation, respectively.
a + b x c = +bc (Constant addition)
a x b + c = T C
(Constant division)
a + b x c =
-a. x
b
(Constant multiplication)
a x b — c =
— c (Constant subtraction)
3. Use of parenthesis
The parentheses keys are needed to cluster together a series of operations when it is
necessary to override the priority system of algebra. When parentheses are in use on the
EL-512 the symbol ( ) will appear in the display.
Calculations in parentheses have priority over other calculations. Parentheses can be
used up to 15 times in a single level. Calculations within the inner-most set of paren
theses will be calculated first.
Calculate: 12 + 42 4 -1 8-6 )
Key in: 12 E 42 0 [ ] ] 8 0 6 Q ] [= ]
Answer: 33
Calculate: 126 + [ (3 + 4) x (3 - 1) ]
Key in: 126 f f i Q ] 0 3 (±) 4 Q ] ® Q ] 3 B 1 ' f f i Q ] @
Answer: 9 ==- —
can be omitted
Note: The Q 3 keys located just before the [= ] key can be omitted.
13
Supplementary 1 - priority level
The m a chin e, pr ovid e d w ith a fu n c tio n th at ju dge s th e p ri o rit y lev el o f in divid ua l c a lcula
tio n s , perm its ke ys to be op e rate d a ccord ing to a given m a them a t ic a l f o r m u la . The
fo llo w in g s hows th e p rio ri ty le vel o f i n d ivid u al ca lcula tio n s .
Ex. K e y op e r a tio n an d se quen ce of calc u l a tio n in 5 + 2 x sin 3 0 + 2 4 x 53
5 L +] 2 ( X ] 3 0 frtof f+ 1 2 4 [~ xl 5 fjff ) 3 f= 1
Level
<1)
<2 )
<3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
©
Operations pr~
-----------—
• S ingle-v a ria ble fu nc tio ns w hic h are c a lcula ted as e n tere d lik e sin. In, 1 0 ^ Vl) (5)
1 / x , x 2 .
• M u lti p l ica t io n cleare d o f " x " ins tru ctio n loc a ted j u s t b e fore storage
m e m ory o r u . (such as 2tr, 4 K , ) „ r~\ .
M ultiplic a t io n c le a red o f " x " in s t ru c tio n lo ca ted ju st befo re th e (oper nu m b e r s T ~ (6) in d icate s t h e s equence in w hich th e c a lcula tio n s are carried
parenthesis).
&
x, f- (C alcula tio n s w h i c h are given t h e sa me p r io r ity lev el a re execu ted if
4 _ se que nce.)
= , M+
14
15
W h e n ca lc u la tio n s are e x e c u ted fro m h igh e r p r io ri t y on e in seq uence a lo w e r p r i o rit y one
m u st be re served . The m achin e is p r o v id e d w ith m em o rie s o f e igh t le vels to me et su ch
re qu ire m ent.
As th e m e m orie s ca n be also used in a ca lcu latio n in c lu d in g p a rentheses , ca lcu latio n ca n be
pe rform ed acco r d ing to a g ive n m ath e m a tic a l f o rm u la u nle ss parentheses an d pending
op e r a tio n e xceed 8 lev els in to ta l.
© Sin g le - variable f u nc tio n s are c a lcu late d i m m ed iate ly a fte r key o p e ra t io n w it h o u t being
re ta in e d . ( x 2 , 1 / x , n l, -+ DE G , -^D -IVIS, etc.)
M ± J M S c > * ] d [ J ] e
© © ©
©
( C a lcula t io n
us in g pare n th e s es >
W ith th e \yx\ press ed, 3 c a lcu lation s rem ain
pendin g . Pressing the QT) key ex e c ute s t h e
calc u la tio n s o f " y x " h ighest in p r i o rity leve l
an d " x ” ide n t ica l in p r io ri t y leve l. A fte r th e
C B ke y is p res sed, th e o th e r 2 c a lcu latio n s w ill
re m ain p e n d in g .
< C a lcula tio n w it h o u t u sing p are n the s e s >
Ex. a [ + ] b [ = ] Pend ing of 1 leve l
~ © ~
a r+ l b | X I c I = l Pending o f 2 levels
© ©
a [ + ] b [ x ] c [ 2 ] d [ = ] P e n din g o f 3 leve ls
© © ©
Ex. |)
ID
a [ + ] b [X ] c 2 ) C HI d [ J ] e
© © © ©
M S D ] c 0 d (?) e m
© © © ©
4 n u m era ls a nd calc u la tio n in st r u c
tio n s are le ft pe n d ing.
Pressing the Q ] key e x e c u tes th e
ca lc ula tion o f c — d -f e in th e
parenth e ses, le a vin g 2 ca lcula tio ns
pendin g .
arenthes es c an be us ed un le ss pendin g ca lcu latio n s e xcee d 8. H ow eve r , p are n th e ses can
be c o ntin u o us ly used u p t o 15 tim es .
Ex. Pare nth eses , if con tin ue d , can be used up to 15.
a x b - c x ({{6 +e)x f)fg ..........
16
17
® A m u l tip lic a tio n w ith " x " im m e d ia te ly b e fore " ( " o m itte d b ecom es h igher in p r io r ity
leve l th a n y x , ^Jy , x and * *r .
Its c alc u l a tio n is p e rfo rm ed fi r s t, d i ffe r in g f ro m th e c a lc u la tio n of a m u ltip lic a tio n w ith
" x " in c luded.
Ex. [2 [ 3 5 Q ] 2 [+ ] 3 [ 0 [=]
5 x (2 + 3) 25
= 0.08
,2 [T l 5 [X] CO 2 [+ ] 3 CD d ] - » - |- x < 2 + 3) = -|- x 6 = 2
[2 E 3 CO 2 [+ ] 3 Q] m 2 [=]
(3 x (2 + 3))2 1 52
' 0.00888
2 IT] 3 [X ] CO 2 [T] 3 CD S3 2 [= ] | -x <2 + 3)2 = - |-x 52 = 16.666
[2 0 5 □ ] 2 [+ ] 3 [T ] [= ] -*■ a 5”12*31 = 225 = 33554432
2 [ 0 5 fx l m 2 f f l 3 m f^1 -» 2s x (2 + 3) = 2s x 5 = 160
/W \A
4. Memory Calculations
The independently accessible memory is indicated by the three keys: 0 , @0 , (w+] .
Before starting a calculation clear the memory by pressing |<>ce] and [**«l
Key in: 12 CD 5 [= ] I0EI Answer: 17
------
-*To subtract key in: 2 f+1 5 f=1 IH |M+]
Answer to this equation: —7
Key in @0 to recall memory: 10
Kevin: 12 [X] 2 [ = ] S
Answer: 24 (Replaces previous amount stored in memory with 24 )
Keyin: 8 [T ] 2 [= ] §+]
Answer: 4 @0 : 28
Note: • Memory calculations are impossible in the Statistical calculation mode.
® When subtracting a number from the memory, press the and |m+|
keys.
• For storage memory, see "MULTIPLE STORAGE MEMORIES".
End of Supplementary 1
18
19
SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS
Press the [aS] and G*H keys to calculate in the floating decimal system.
(See "Decimal Places")
1. Second Function
EL-512 has many preprogrammed functions, but the space available on the keys t(
display all the functions is limited. Most of the keys serve two functions: the firs'
function is displayed on the key itself, the second is printed above the key panel.
The yellow key in the upper left of the calculator marked "2nd F" must be used t(
designate a second function (The material appearing in brown above or below each keyl
*re <
--------
Second function: Use the §*§ key. ( §rf| )
Example: (1) FTI <—,
__
1— '
nzxy '— First function: Press the Q j key.
The material appearing below each key is used at the statistic^
calculation mode.
Second function: Use the |nf) key. (
First function: Press the Q ] key.
□
iw
20
( 2) r>r<B)
m
■Right side: Hexadecimal number
Press the (2niJ (fflj] keys at the normal calculation mode.
Left side: Statistical calculation key
Press the |aS| [ r ] keys at the statistical calculation mode.
When the |2mf) key is depressed, the designation "2nd F " will appear in the lower part of
the display. If you press this key in error, press it a second time and the "2nd F"
designation will disappear.
In this manual, we will always show key functions as follows;
S [sin] §*3 5^3 gfrj] -► [sin]
T (B)
21
2. Scientific Notation
Decimal Places
The §xg (tab] keys are used to specify the number of decimal digits in the calculation
result. The number of places after the decimal point is specified by the numeral key
( [0 ] ~ [9 ] ) pressed after the (tab] keys. Carry over will be automatically
rounded. For free floating calculation press the (”*] key after §5] (tab] . The designs
tions of decimal places is retained even when the power is turned off.
First Press (Sffj (Ta§ [jf] Key in [c«] 1.23456789 [=]
Display reads 1.23456789
Press §5) (tab] [3 ] , display reads 1.235
Press |Sg (tab] [T ] , display reads 1.2345679
Calculate 1.2 x 10~12 x 4.5 x 10 -10
Key in: §55 (tab] [T ] 1.2 12 O [X] 4.5 [exp] 10 O CM]
Answer: 5.4-22
If you wish to place a number into the calculator in scientific notation you must use th‘
[exp] key. if you wish to convert from floating decimal to scientific notation, you mus
use the key [m ] .
22
Calculate 1.2 x 102° x 1.5 x 10s
Key in: 12 @ 20 E 1.5 @ 5 1
Answer: 1.8 25 (1.8 x 102S)
Calculate 1.992 x 1033 x 6.668 x 10 '23
Key in: 1.992 0 33 [X] 6.668 S 23 H HD
Answer: 1.3282656 11 (1.3282656 x 10u )
if a calculation is displayed in the floating decimal point system, pushing the |f~e] key
displays the result in scientific notation. Pushing the key again displays the result in the
floating decimal point system.
Key in: 1234567898 f=1
Display reads: 1234567898.
Press gjH Display reads 1.2345678 09
Press (E3 Display reads 1234567898.
Trigonometric functions
TL . Df?G
ne angular mode is designated by the [2nS Q ] keys. As you press these keys the
mo e DEG , "RA D", "GRA D" will appear at the lower part of the display.
23
Put the angular mode at "DEG” .
Calculate: Sin 30° + Cos 40°
Key in the following: 30 [sin] [+ ] 40 [cos] f= ]
Answer: 1.266044443
Calculate: Cos0.257r
Put the angular mode at "RA D".
Key in: .25 [X ] ® [= ] S
Answer: 0.707106781
4. inverse Trigonometric Functions
Calculate: Sin-1 0.5
Put the angular mode at "D EG".
Key in: .5 |Sd§ [sin^
Answer: 30
Calculate: Cos-1 —1
Put the angular mode at "R A D". /To enter a negative number, press the 0a )
Key in: 1 (jA) §*§ \key after numerals.
Answer: 3.141592654 (Value of i t )
5. Hyperbolic and inverse Hyperbolic Functions
When using the hyperbolic and arc hyperbolic functions "HY P" will appear in the lower
part of the display.
Calculate: Sinh 4
Key in: 4 (hyp) (sin)
Calculate:
Answer: 27.2899172
Sinh"1 9
Key in:
9 (2rSj [«fchyp| fifa]
Answer: 2.893443986
Power Functions
Calculate:
202
Key in:
20 @£)
Answer:
400
Calculate:
33 and 34
Key in:
3 ® 3 [= )
Key in:
Answer;
27
Answer
24
25
7. Roots
Calculate: \/25
Key in: 25 (v3
Answer: 5
Calculate: Cube root of 27
Key in: 27 (axg j g
Answer: 3
Calculate fourth root of 81
Key in: 81 [St§ 4 F=1
Answer: 3
8, Logarithmic Functions
Calculate: In 21, log 173
Natural Logarithms: Key in: 21 (Tn~l
Answer: 3.044522438
Common Logarithms: Key in: 173 [log]
Answer: 2.238046103
9.
0.
Exponential Functions
Calculate: e3-0445
Key in:
Answer:
Calculate:
Key in:
Answer:
Reciprocals
Calculate:
Key in:
Answer:
3.0445 S [ g :
20.99952881 (21 as in item " 8" above)
1Q 2.238
2.238 .2ncF 5og
172.9816359 (173 as in item " 8" above)
1/6 + 1/7
6 S @ [ S 7 g ( t a ] [ ] = ]
0.30952381
1- Factorial
Calculate: 69!
Key in: 69 |2ref| fnTI
Answer: 1.7112245 98 (1.7112245 x 1098)
Mote that the Error section deals with the calculation limits of the calculator.
12.
Angle/Time conversions
To convert an angle given as degrees/minutes/seconds to its decimal equivalent, it must
be entered as integer and decimal respectively.
Convert 12°47'52" to its decimal equivalent
Keyin: 12.4752 E°il] 13.
Answer: 12.79777778
When converting decimal degrees to the equivalent degrees/minutes/seconds, the answei
is broken down: integer portion = degrees; 1st and 2nd decimal digits = minutes; 3rd
and 4th digits = seconds; and the 5th through end decimal digits are decimal degrees.
Convert 24.7256 to its degree/minute/second equivalent
Keyin: 24.7256 (2nS H
Answer: 24.433216 or 24°43'32"
A horse has track times of 2 minutes 25 seconds, 2 minutes 38 seconds, and 2 minute!
22 seconds. What is the average running time?
Key in: .0225 ES§ (+] .0238 ESj§ EB .0222 Ede§ dO
Answer 1: 0.123611111
Key in: |T1 3. f=1
Answer 2: 0.041203704
Key in: §jij
Answer 3: 0.022833333 or the average time is 2 minutes 28
Coordinate Conversion
[~*r 0 ]
[
re]
____
r = \J x 2 + y 2
8 = tan-1 -j-
-*■xy ]
x - r cos 8
y = r sin 6
coordinate coordinate
Converting rectangular coordinates to polar (x, y
bolve for x = 6 and y = 4 mode = DEG
Key in: 6 [T ] 4 j^rej
Answer: 7.211102551 (r)
Key in. §5] [T] Answer:
>r , 8 )
DEG:
RAD:
GRAD:
33.69006753 (0 )
seconds
0 g I 0 I
Q g I 0 I
0< I 0 I
28
29
VII VII VII
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